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README.en.md
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# Leningrad2-Upgrade-Kit
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## Memory Expansions and AY/TS for Leningrad-2.
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> [English](README.en.md) | [Русский](README.md)
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This repository contains hardware expansion board projects designed for the RAM and sound upgrade of the "Leningrad-2" home computer.
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These modules allow you to upgrade the stock 48K base model to a full **128KB** or **256KB** system. This expansion is essential for running modern homebrew games, advanced demos, and heavy software.
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The boards are designed with a primary goal: minimizing messy wire-wrap modifications ("spaghetti wiring"). They connect directly to the system expansion slot, transforming the basic Leningrad-2 48K into a powerhouse 128K+ class machine.
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***
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## 🎸 All-in-One Module Features
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* **Memory:** Upgrade to 128KB (Standard Spectrum 128 mapping) or 256KB using classic DRAM chips.
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* **Sound:** Integrated AY-3-8910 sound chip (or YM2149F equivalent).
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* **Turbo Sound (Optional):** Supports dual AY/YM chips to achieve full 6-channel Turbo Sound capabilities.
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* **Beep Mixer:** The standard motherboard Beeper signal is mixed directly into the main audio channel output.
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* **Circuitry:** Standard port decoding logic (`#7FFD` for memory paging and `#BFFD`/`#FFFD` for sound chip registers).
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* **Compatibility:** Full support for games and demos requiring official memory bank switching.
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***
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## 🧩 Hardware Construction & Connection (Bus Through-Port)
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The upgrade boards feature a **Bus Through-port** design. They plug directly into the main system connector of the Leningrad-2, while providing an identical expansion slot connector on top.
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* **Plug-and-Play:** This allows you to stack other peripherals—like BDI (TR-DOS) or DivMMC controllers—directly on top of this expansion board without using flat ribbon cables.
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* **Motherboard Integration:** Optimized for seamless operation with my custom version of the Leningrad-2-48k.
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* **Universal Compatibility:** The board can also be wired to any standard vintage or third-party version of the Leningrad-2. In this case, you will only need to manually route a few core control signals according to the provided schematic.
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***
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## 📦 Modular RAM Replacement (RAM Plug-in Board)
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As an alternative to chip stacking ("piggybacking"), this project includes a specialized adapter PCB that holds 16x KR565RU5 (КР565РУ5 / 4164) DRAM chips to replace the stock computer memory.
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* **Installation:** The adapter plugs directly into the original RAM IC sockets (or footprints) on the Leningrad-2 motherboard.
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* **Universal Fit:** The pin group layout completely matches the original RU5 memory chip placement found across all known Leningrad-2 PCB revisions.
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* **Key Advantage:** No messy chip stacking. It provides a clean install, a reliable contact interface, and superior cooling/ventilation for the RAM chips.
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* **Solderless Upgrade:** Equipped with thin male pin headers (PLS-type) that slide perfectly into standard round-hole machined IC sockets on the mainboard. It preserves the clean, aesthetics and long-term hardware reliability.
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---
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## 🛠️ Project Modules
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### 1. Leningrad 2 Expansion 128k & AY-3-8910 (YM2149F)
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* [Schematics](https://github.com/Alex-2-Graf/Leningrad2-Upgrade-Kit) | [Placement](https://github.com/Alex-2-Graf/Leningrad2-Upgrade-Kit) | [Gerber Files](https://github.com/Alex-2-Graf/Leningrad2-Upgrade-Kit)
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### 2. Leningrad 2 Expansion 128k & Turbo Sound 2x YM2149F (AY-3-8910)
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* [Schematics](https://github.com/Alex-2-Graf/Leningrad2-Upgrade-Kit) | [Placement](https://github.com/Alex-2-Graf/Leningrad2-Upgrade-Kit) | [Gerber Files](https://github.com/Alex-2-Graf/Leningrad2-Upgrade-Kit)
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### 3. Leningrad 2 Expansion 256k & Turbo Sound 2x YM2149F (AY-3-8910)
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* [Schematics](https://github.com/Alex-2-Graf/Leningrad2-Upgrade-Kit) | [Placement](https://github.com/Alex-2-Graf/Leningrad2-Upgrade-Kit) | [Gerber Files](https://github.com/Alex-2-Graf/Leningrad2-Upgrade-Kit)
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### 4. RAM Plug-in Board 2x64
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* [Schematics](https://github.com/Alex-2-Graf/Leningrad2-Upgrade-Kit) | [Placement](https://github.com/Alex-2-Graf/Leningrad2-Upgrade-Kit) | [Gerber Files](https://github.com/Alex-2-Graf/Leningrad2-Upgrade-Kit)
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---
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## 🔧 Mainboard Preparation
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* **For my custom Leningrad-2-48k revision:** Preparation is as simple as configuring the onboard jumpers **JP5 to JP11** (clearly labeled on the PCB silkscreen).
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* **For stock/vintage motherboards:** Please consult the descriptive documentation and schematics provided in this repository to properly tap the missing address lines.
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---
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## 💾 Memory Testing Software
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To verify your new memory configuration, you can use the following diagnostic tools included in the repository:
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* **GTEST**
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* **HFT**
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