diff --git a/PDP-10/.x/manual.pdf b/PDP-10/.x/manual.pdf deleted file mode 100644 index ecce572..0000000 Binary files a/PDP-10/.x/manual.pdf and /dev/null differ diff --git a/PDP-10/.x/manual.ps b/PDP-10/.x/manual.ps deleted file mode 100644 index 36dc07a..0000000 --- a/PDP-10/.x/manual.ps +++ /dev/null @@ -1,57923 +0,0 @@ -%!PS-Adobe-2.0 -%%Creator: dvips 5.497 Copyright 1986, 1992 Radical Eye Software -%%Title: architecture.dvi -%%CreationDate: Wed Jan 13 12:09:35 1999 -%%Pages: 86 -%%PageOrder: Ascend -%%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 -%%EndComments -%DVIPSCommandLine: DVIPS -oarch-part1.psf -l50 architecture -%DVIPSSource: TeX output 1999.01.13:1153 -%%BeginProcSet: tex.pro -/TeXDict 250 dict def -TeXDict begin -/N{def}def -/B{bind def}N -/S{exch}N -/X{S N}B -/TR{translate}N -/isls false N -/vsize 11 72 mul N -/@rigin{isls{[0 -1 1 0 0 0] concat} - if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale - isls{Resolution hsize -72 div mul 0 TR} - if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul TR matrix - currentmatrix dup dup 4 get round 4 exch put - dup dup 5 get round 5 exch put - setmatrix}N -/@landscape{/isls true N}B -/@manualfeed{statusdict /manualfeed true put}B -/@copies{/#copies X}B -/FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N -/FBB[0 0 0 0]N -/nn 0 N -/IE 0 N -/ctr 0 N -/df-tail{/nn 8 dict N nn begin - /FontType 3 N - /FontMatrix fntrx N - /FontBBox FBB N - string /base X array /BitMaps X - /BuildChar{CharBuilder}N - /Encoding IE N - end - dup{/foo setfont}2 array copy cvx N load 0 nn put - /ctr 0 N[}B - -/df{/sf 1 N /fntrx FMat N df-tail}B -/dfs{div /sf X /fntrx[sf 0 0 sf neg 0 0]N df-tail}B - -/E{pop nn dup definefont setfont}B - -/ch-width{ch-data dup length 5 sub get}B -/ch-height{ch-data dup length 4 sub get}B -/ch-xoff{128 ch-data dup length 3 sub get sub}B -/ch-yoff{ch-data dup length 2 sub get 127 sub}B -/ch-dx{ch-data dup length 1 sub get}B -/ch-image{ch-data dup type /stringtype ne{ctr get /ctr ctr 1 add N}if}B -/id 0 N -/rw 0 N -/rc 0 N -/gp 0 N -/cp 0 N -/G 0 N -/sf 0 N - -/CharBuilder{save 3 1 roll S dup - /base get 2 index get S - /BitMaps get S get - /ch-data X pop - /ctr 0 N - ch-dx 0 ch-xoff ch-yoff ch-height sub ch-xoff ch-width - add ch-yoff setcachedevice ch-width ch-height true - [1 0 0 -1 -.1 ch-xoff sub ch-yoff .1 add]{ch-image} - imagemask restore}B - -/D{/cc X dup type /stringtype ne{]}if nn - /base get cc ctr put nn - /BitMaps get S ctr S sf 1 ne - {dup dup length 1 sub dup 2 index S get sf div put}if - put /ctr ctr 1 add N}B - -/I{cc 1 add D}B -/bop{userdict /bop-hook known{bop-hook}if /SI save N - @rigin 0 0 moveto - /V matrix currentmatrix dup 1 get dup mul exch 0 get dup mul add .99 - lt{/QV}{/RV}ifelse load def pop pop}N - -/eop{SI restore showpage userdict /eop-hook known{eop-hook}if}N - -/@start{userdict /start-hook known{start-hook} - if pop /VResolution X /Resolution X 1000 div - /DVImag X /IE 256 array N 0 1 255 - {IE S 1 string dup 0 3 index put cvn put} - for 65781.76 div /vsize X 65781.76 div /hsize X}N -/p{show}N -/RMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N -/BDot 260 string N -/rulex 0 N -/ruley 0 N -/v{/ruley X /rulex X V}B -/V{}B -/RV statusdict begin /product where{ - pop product dup length 7 ge - {0 7 getinterval dup(Display)eq exch 0 4 getinterval(NeXT)eq or} - {pop false}ifelse}{false}ifelse end - {{gsave TR -.1 -.1 TR 1 1 scale rulex ruley false - RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}} - {{gsave TR -.1 -.1 TR rulex ruley scale - 1 1 false RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}} ifelse B -/QV{gsave transform round exch round exch itransform moveto - rulex 0 rlineto 0 ruley neg rlineto rulex neg 0 rlineto fill grestore}B -/a{moveto}B -/delta 0 N -/tail{dup /delta X 0 rmoveto}B -/M{S p delta add tail}B -/b{S p tail}B -/c{-4 M}B -/d{-3 M}B -/e{-2 M}B -/f{-1 M}B -/g{0 M}B -/h{1 M}B -/i{2 M}B -/j{3 M}B -/k{4 M}B -/w{0 rmoveto}B -/l{p -4 w}B -/m{p -3 w}B -/n{p -2 w}B -/o{p -1 w}B -/q{p 1 w}B -/r{p 2 w}B -/s{p 3 w}B -/t{p 4 w}B -/x{0 S rmoveto}B -/y{3 2 roll p a}B -/bos{/SS save N}B -/eos{SS restore}B end -%%EndProcSet -%%BeginProcSet: special.pro -TeXDict begin /SDict 200 dict N SDict begin /@SpecialDefaults{/hs 612 N /vs -792 N /ho 0 N /vo 0 N /hsc 1 N /vsc 1 N /ang 0 N /CLIP 0 N /rwiSeen false N -/rhiSeen false N /letter{}N /note{}N /a4{}N /legal{}N}B /@scaleunit 100 N -/@hscale{@scaleunit div /hsc X}B /@vscale{@scaleunit div /vsc X}B /@hsize{/hs -X /CLIP 1 N}B /@vsize{/vs X /CLIP 1 N}B /@clip{/CLIP 2 N}B /@hoffset{/ho X}B -/@voffset{/vo X}B /@angle{/ang X}B /@rwi{10 div /rwi X /rwiSeen true N}B /@rhi -{10 div /rhi X /rhiSeen true N}B /@llx{/llx X}B /@lly{/lly X}B /@urx{/urx X}B -/@ury{/ury X}B /magscale true def end /@MacSetUp{userdict /md known{userdict -/md get type /dicttype eq{userdict begin md length 10 add md maxlength ge{/md -md dup length 20 add dict copy def}if end md begin /letter{}N /note{}N /legal{ -}N /od{txpose 1 0 mtx defaultmatrix dtransform S atan/pa X newpath clippath -mark{transform{itransform moveto}}{transform{itransform lineto}}{6 -2 roll -transform 6 -2 roll transform 6 -2 roll transform{itransform 6 2 roll -itransform 6 2 roll itransform 6 2 roll curveto}}{{closepath}}pathforall -newpath counttomark array astore /gc xdf pop ct 39 0 put 10 fz 0 fs 2 -F/|______Courier fnt invertflag{PaintBlack}if}N /txpose{pxs pys scale ppr -aload pop por{noflips{pop S neg S TR pop 1 -1 scale}if xflip yflip and{pop S -neg S TR 180 rotate 1 -1 scale ppr 3 get ppr 1 get neg sub neg ppr 2 get ppr 0 -get neg sub neg TR}if xflip yflip not and{pop S neg S TR pop 180 rotate ppr 3 -get ppr 1 get neg sub neg 0 TR}if yflip xflip not and{ppr 1 get neg ppr 0 get -neg TR}if}{noflips{TR pop pop 270 rotate 1 -1 scale}if xflip yflip and{TR pop -pop 90 rotate 1 -1 scale ppr 3 get ppr 1 get neg sub neg ppr 2 get ppr 0 get -neg sub neg TR}if xflip yflip not and{TR pop pop 90 rotate ppr 3 get ppr 1 get -neg sub neg 0 TR}if yflip xflip not and{TR pop pop 270 rotate ppr 2 get ppr 0 -get neg sub neg 0 S TR}if}ifelse scaleby96{ppr aload pop 4 -1 roll add 2 div 3 -1 roll add 2 div 2 copy TR .96 dup scale neg S neg S TR}if}N /cp{pop pop -showpage pm restore}N end}if}if}N /normalscale{Resolution 72 div VResolution -72 div neg scale magscale{DVImag dup scale}if 0 setgray}N /psfts{S 65781.76 -div N}N /startTexFig{/psf$SavedState save N userdict maxlength dict begin -/magscale false def normalscale currentpoint TR /psf$ury psfts /psf$urx psfts -/psf$lly psfts /psf$llx psfts /psf$y psfts /psf$x psfts currentpoint /psf$cy X -/psf$cx X /psf$sx psf$x psf$urx psf$llx sub div N /psf$sy psf$y psf$ury -psf$lly sub div N psf$sx psf$sy scale psf$cx psf$sx div psf$llx sub psf$cy -psf$sy div psf$ury sub TR /showpage{}N /erasepage{}N /copypage{}N /p 3 def -@MacSetUp}N /doclip{psf$llx psf$lly psf$urx psf$ury currentpoint 6 2 roll -newpath 4 copy 4 2 roll moveto 6 -1 roll S lineto S lineto S lineto closepath -clip newpath moveto}N /endTexFig{end psf$SavedState restore}N /@beginspecial{ -SDict begin /SpecialSave save N gsave normalscale currentpoint TR -@SpecialDefaults count /ocount X /dcount countdictstack N}N /@setspecial{CLIP -1 eq{newpath 0 0 moveto hs 0 rlineto 0 vs rlineto hs neg 0 rlineto closepath -clip}if ho vo TR hsc vsc scale ang rotate rwiSeen{rwi urx llx sub div rhiSeen{ -rhi ury lly sub div}{dup}ifelse scale llx neg lly neg TR}{rhiSeen{rhi ury lly -sub div dup scale llx neg lly neg TR}if}ifelse CLIP 2 eq{newpath llx lly -moveto urx lly lineto urx ury lineto llx ury lineto closepath clip}if -/showpage{}N /erasepage{}N /copypage{}N newpath}N /@endspecial{count ocount -sub{pop}repeat countdictstack dcount sub{end}repeat grestore SpecialSave -restore end}N /@defspecial{SDict begin}N /@fedspecial{end}B /li{lineto}B /rl{ -rlineto}B /rc{rcurveto}B /np{/SaveX currentpoint /SaveY X N 1 setlinecap -newpath}N /st{stroke SaveX SaveY moveto}N /fil{fill SaveX SaveY moveto}N -/ellipse{/endangle X /startangle X /yrad X /xrad X /savematrix matrix -currentmatrix N TR xrad yrad scale 0 0 1 startangle endangle arc savematrix -setmatrix}N end -%%EndProcSet -TeXDict begin 40258431 52099146 1000 300 300 -(/dxx/documentation/toad/architecture/architecture.dvi) @start -/Fa 14 116 df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b 10 122 -df70 D77 D<0F803FC070E0606040700070007001F01FF03E7070 -70E070E070E070F0F07FF03E700C117E9012>97 D<07C01FF03C7070187018E00CE00CFFFCFFFC -E000E0006000700038003C0C1FFC07F00E117F9011>101 D109 D<07E01FF83C3C381C700E6006E007E007E007E007E007F00F700E781E3C3C1FF8 -07E010117F9013>111 D114 -D<1F803FE07060E000E000E000F8007F803FC007E000F000708070C070F0E07FC01F800C117F90 -0F>I<1C001C001C001C00FFC0FFC01C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00 -1C200FE00F800B157F940E>I121 -D E /Fc 28 124 df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d 4 65 df<0000000000300000000000700000000000E00000000001C00000000003800000 -00000700000000000E00000000001C0000000000380000000000700000000000E00000000001C0 -000000000380000000000700000000000E00000000001C00000000003800000000007000000000 -00E00000000001C0000000000380000000000700000000000E00000000001C0000000000380000 -000000700000000000E00000000001C0000000000380000000000700000000000E00000000001C -0000000000380000000000700000000000E00000000001C0000000000380000000000700000000 -000E00000000001C0000000000380000000000700000000000E00000000000C000000000002C2C -81AA2A>0 D<0180018001800380030003000300030003000700060006000600060006000E000C -000C000C000C000C001C0018001800180018001800380030003000300030003000700060006000 -600060006000E000C000C000C000C000092C81AA07>5 D<0000600000600000E00000C00001C0 -000180000180000380000300000700000600000600000E00000C00001C00001800001800003800 -00300000700000600000E00000C00000C00001C000018000038000030000030000070000060000 -0E00000C00000C00001C0000180000380000300000300000700000600000E00000C00000C00000 -132C81AA11>12 D64 D E /Fe 22 121 df66 D<000FF000007FFC0000FFFF0001F01F0003C00700078000000F000000 -1E0000003E0000003C0000003C000000780000007800000078000000F0000000F0000000F00000 -00F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F00000007800000078000000780000003C00 -00003C0000003E0000001E0000000F0000000780008003C0038001F00F8000FFFF00007FFC0000 -0FF00019257DA31F>I69 D77 -D<001FC000007FF00001FFFC0003F07E0007C01F000F800F801F0007C01E0003C03C0001E03C00 -01E0780000F0780000F0780000F070000070F0000078F0000078F0000078F0000078F0000078F0 -000078F0000078F0000078F0000078780000F0780000F0780000F07C0001F03C0001E03E0003E0 -1E0003C01F0007C00F800F8007C01F0003F07E0001FFFC00007FF000001FC0001D257DA324>79 -DI85 -D<780003E07C0003C03E0007C01E000F800F000F000F801F0007C03E0003C03C0003E07C0001F0 -780000F0F0000079F000007DE000003FC000001FC000001F8000000F0000001F8000001FC00000 -3FC000007DE0000079F00000F0F00001F0780001E03C0003C03E0007C01E0007800F000F000F80 -1F0007801E0003C03C0003E07C0001F0780000F0F80000F81D237FA220>88 -D<07E01FF83FFC381E201E000F000F000F000F00FF07FF1FFF3E0F780FF00FF00FF00FF00FF83F -7FFF3FEF1F8F10167E9517>97 D<01FC0007FF000FFF801F03803C0180780000780000700000F0 -0000F00000F00000F00000F00000F000007800007800007800003C00401F03C00FFFC007FF8001 -FC0012167E9516>99 D<0003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003 -C00003C00003C00003C003E3C00FFBC01FFFC03F0FC03C07C07803C07803C0F003C0F003C0F003 -C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C0F003C07803C07803C03C07C03E0FC01FFFC00FFBC003E3C01223 -7EA219>I<03F00007FC001FFE003E0F003C0780780380780380F001C0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0F0 -0000F00000F000007000007800007800003C00801F07800FFF8007FF0001F80012167E9516>I< -F0F0F0F0000000000000000000F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F004237DA2 -0B>105 D108 D110 D<01FC0007FF000FFF801F07C03C01E0 -7800F07800F0700070F00078F00078F00078F00078F00078F000787800F07800F07C01F03E03E0 -1F07C00FFF8007FF0001FC0015167F9518>I114 -D<07F01FFC3FFE3C0E7806780078007C003F003FF01FF80FFC01FE001F000F000F000FC00FF81E -FFFE3FFC0FF010167F9513>I<0F000F000F000F000F000F00FFF8FFF8FFF80F000F000F000F00 -0F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F080F1C07FC07F803E00E1C7F9B12>III<7801F07C01E03E03C01E07C00F0780078F0007DE0003FC0001FC0000F80000700000 -F80001FC0003DC00039E00078F000F07801E07801E03C03C01E07800F0F800F81516809516> -120 D E /Ff 2 3 df0 D2 D E /Fg 45 124 -df<60F0F070101020204040040A7D830A>44 DI<60F0F06004047D830A ->I<07C018303018701C600C600CE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00E600C600C701C30 -181C7007C00F157F9412>48 D<03000700FF000700070007000700070007000700070007000700 -07000700070007000700070007007FF00C157E9412>I<0F8030E040708030C038E03840380038 -00700070006000C00180030006000C08080810183FF07FF0FFF00D157E9412>I<0FE030306018 -701C701C001C00180038006007E000300018000C000E000EE00EE00EC00C401830300FE00F157F -9412>I<00300030007000F001F001700270047008701870107020704070C070FFFE0070007000 -700070007003FE0F157F9412>I<20303FE03FC0240020002000200020002F8030E02070003000 -3800384038E038E0388030406020C01F000D157E9412>I<40007FFE7FFC7FF8C0088010802000 -40008000800100010003000200060006000E000E000E000E000E0004000F167E9512>55 -D<07E018302018600C600C700C78183E101F600FC00FF018F8607C601EC00EC006C006C004600C -38300FE00F157F9412>I<07C0183030186018E00CE00CE00EE00EE00E601E301E186E0F8E000E -000C001C70187018603020C01F800F157F9412>I<60F0F06000000000000060F0F060040E7D8D -0A>I73 D75 DII<00FC00 -0303000E01C01C00E0380070300030700038600018E0001CE0001CE0001CE0001CE0001CE0001C -E0001C7000387000383000303800701C00E00E01C003030000FC0016177E961B>79 -DI<0F -C4302C601C400CC004C004C004E00070007F003FE00FF801FC001C000E0006800680068006C004 -E008D81087E00F177E9614>83 D<7FFFF860381840380840380880380480380480380400380000 -380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000 -380007FFC016177F9619>I88 D<1FC0386038301038003803F81E3830387038E039E039E07970FF1F1E -100E7F8D12>97 DI<07F01838303870106000E000E000E000E000600070083008183007C00D0E7F8D10> -I<007E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0007CE001C3E00300E00700E -00600E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00600E00700E00301E00182E0007CFC012177F9614>I<0F -C0186030307038E018FFF8E000E000E000600070083010183007C00D0E7F8D10>I<03E006700E -701C201C001C001C001C001C00FF801C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00 -FF800C1780960B>I<0F9E18E33060707070707070306018C02F80200060003FE03FF83FFC600E -C006C006C006600C38380FE010157F8D12>II<183C3C1800000000007C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C -FF081780960A>I108 DII<07C018303018600C600CE00EE00EE00EE00EE00E -701C3018183007C00F0E7F8D12>II114 -D<1F4060C0C040C040E000FF007F801FC001E080608060C060E0C09F000B0E7F8D0E>I<080008 -000800180018003800FF80380038003800380038003800380038403840384038401C800F000A14 -7F930E>IIIIII123 -D E /Fh 3 52 df<0C003C00CC000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C00FF -8009107E8F0F>49 D<1F00618040C08060C0600060006000C00180030006000C00102020207FC0 -FFC00B107F8F0F>I<1F00218060C060C000C0008001800F00008000400060C060C06080406080 -1F000B107F8F0F>I E /Fi 19 117 df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j 25 118 df45 -D<1F003F807FC0FFE0FFE0FFE0FFE0FFE07FC03F801F000B0B7A8A17>I<0001E0000003E00000 -0FE000007FE0001FFFE000FFFFE000FFBFE000E03FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000 -003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE0 -00003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003F -E000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE000003FE00000 -3FE000003FE0007FFFFFF07FFFFFF07FFFFFF01C2E7AAD29>49 D<003FF00001FFFE0007FFFF80 -1FC07FE03F003FF07C001FF87F000FFCFF8007FEFFC007FEFFC003FFFFC003FFFFC003FFFFC003 -FF7F8003FF3F0003FF000003FF000003FF000007FE000007FE000007FC00000FF800001FF80000 -1FF000003FE000007F8000007F000000FE000001FC000003F0000007E000000FC007001F800700 -3E0007007C000F00F8000E01F0000E01E0001E03FFFFFE07FFFFFE0FFFFFFE1FFFFFFE3FFFFFFE -7FFFFFFCFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFC202E7CAD29>I<1F003F807FC0FFE0FFE0FFE0FFE0FFE0 -7FC03F801F0000000000000000000000000000000000000000001F003F807FC0FFE0FFE0FFE0FF -E0FFE07FC03F801F000B207A9F17>58 D<000003FF80038000003FFFF007800001FFFFFC0F8000 -07FF007F1F80001FF8000FFF80007FE00003FF8000FFC00001FF8001FF000000FF8003FE000000 -7F8007FE0000003F800FFC0000001F801FF80000001F801FF80000000F803FF80000000F803FF0 -0000000F803FF000000007807FF000000007807FF000000007807FE00000000000FFE000000000 -00FFE00000000000FFE00000000000FFE00000000000FFE00000000000FFE00000000000FFE000 -00000000FFE00000000000FFE00000000000FFE00000000000FFE000000000007FE00000000000 -7FF000000000007FF000000003803FF000000003803FF000000003803FF800000003801FF80000 -0007801FF800000007000FFC0000000F0007FE0000000E0003FF0000001E0001FF0000003C0000 -FFC000007800007FE00001F000001FF80003E0000007FF003F80000001FFFFFE000000003FFFF8 -0000000003FF80000031317BB03C>67 DI70 D75 DI80 -D<7FFFFF80FFFFF07FFFFF80FFFFF07FFFFF80FFFFF000FFE0000FF80000FFF00003E000007FF0 -0007C000003FF80007C000003FFC000F8000001FFC001F0000000FFE003E00000007FF003E0000 -0007FF807C00000003FF80F800000001FFC1F000000001FFE1F000000000FFE3E0000000007FF7 -C0000000007FFF80000000003FFF80000000001FFF00000000000FFE00000000000FFF00000000 -0007FF000000000003FF800000000003FFC00000000001FFC00000000003FFE00000000007FFF0 -000000000FFFF8000000000FBFF8000000001F1FFC000000003E1FFE000000007C0FFE00000000 -7C07FF00000000F803FF80000001F003FF80000003E001FFC0000003E000FFE0000007C000FFF0 -00000F80007FF000000F00003FF800001F00003FFC00003E00001FFC00007C00000FFE00007C00 -0007FF0001FE000007FF80FFFFF001FFFFFEFFFFF001FFFFFEFFFFF001FFFFFE37317DB03E>88 -D<007FF8000003FFFF00000FFFFFC0001FE01FF0001FF007F8001FF007FC001FF003FC001FF001 -FE000FE001FE0007C001FE00010001FE00000001FE00000001FE000001FFFE00003FFFFE0001FF -F1FE0007FE01FE001FF001FE003FE001FE007FC001FE007F8001FE00FF8001FE00FF0001FE00FF -0001FE00FF0001FE00FF8003FE00FF8007FE007FC00FFE003FF03EFF001FFFF87FF807FFF03FF8 -00FF800FF825207E9F28>97 D<0007FF00007FFFE001FFFFF803FC03FC07F807FC0FF007FC1FE0 -07FC3FC007FC3FC003F87FC001F07F800040FF800000FF800000FF800000FF800000FF800000FF -800000FF800000FF800000FF800000FF8000007FC000007FC000003FC0000E3FE0000E1FE0001E -0FF0003C07F8007803FF01F001FFFFE0007FFF800007FC001F207D9F25>99 -D<0007FC0000003FFF800000FFFFE00003FC07F00007F801F8000FE000FC001FE0007E003FC000 -7E003FC0003F007FC0003F007F80003F007F80003F80FF80003F80FF80003F80FFFFFFFF80FFFF -FFFF80FFFFFFFF80FF80000000FF80000000FF800000007F800000007F800000003FC00000003F -C00003801FC00003801FE00007800FF0000F0007F8001E0003FE00FC0000FFFFF800003FFFE000 -0003FF000021207E9F26>101 D<001FF007E000FFFE3FF003FFFFFFF807F83FF1F80FE00FE1F8 -1FE00FF1F81FC007F0603FC007F8003FC007F8003FC007F8003FC007F8003FC007F8003FC007F8 -003FC007F8001FC007F0001FE00FF0000FE00FE00007F83FC00007FFFF80000EFFFE00000E1FF0 -00000E000000001E000000001E000000001F000000001F800000001FFFFFC0000FFFFFF8000FFF -FFFE0007FFFFFF8007FFFFFFC007FFFFFFE01FFFFFFFE03F00007FE07E00000FF0FE000007F0FC -000003F0FC000003F0FC000003F0FE000007F07E000007E07F00000FE03FC0003FC01FF801FF80 -07FFFFFE0000FFFFF000001FFF8000252F7E9F29>103 D<01F800000000FFF800000000FFF800 -000000FFF8000000000FF80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F800000000 -07F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F80000000007F800 -00000007F80000000007F80000000007F807F8000007F83FFF000007F87FFF800007F9F03FC000 -07FBC01FE00007FF801FE00007FF000FF00007FE000FF00007FC000FF00007FC000FF00007F800 -0FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF000 -07F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F800 -0FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF000FFFFC1FFFF80 -FFFFC1FFFF80FFFFC1FFFF8029327DB12E>I<03C0000FF0000FF0001FF8001FF8001FFC001FF8 -001FF8000FF0000FF00003C00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000001F8 -00FFF800FFF800FFF8000FF80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F8 -0007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F8 -0007F80007F800FFFF80FFFF80FFFF8011337DB217>I<01F800FFF800FFF800FFF8000FF80007 -F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007 -F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007 -F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007 -F80007F80007F800FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC012327DB117>108 D<03F007F80000FFF03FFF0000FF -F07FFF8000FFF1F03FC0000FF3C01FE00007F7801FE00007F7000FF00007FE000FF00007FC000F -F00007FC000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007 -F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000F -F00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007 -F8000FF000FFFFC1FFFF80FFFFC1FFFF80FFFFC1FFFF8029207D9F2E>110 -D<0007FE0000003FFFC00000FFFFF00003FC03FC0007F000FE000FE0007F001FC0003F803FC000 -3FC03FC0003FC07F80001FE07F80001FE07F80001FE0FF80001FF0FF80001FF0FF80001FF0FF80 -001FF0FF80001FF0FF80001FF0FF80001FF0FF80001FF07F80001FE07F80001FE07F80001FE03F -C0003FC03FC0003FC01FE0007F800FE0007F0007F801FE0003FE07FC0001FFFFF800003FFFC000 -0007FE000024207E9F29>I<03F03F00FFF0FFC0FFF1FFF0FFF3C7F00FF78FF807F70FF807FE0F -F807FE0FF807FC07F007FC03E007FC008007FC000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8 -000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007F8000007 -F8000007F8000007F80000FFFFE000FFFFE000FFFFE0001D207E9F22>114 -D<00FF870007FFEF001FFFFF003F007F007C001F007C000F00F8000F00F8000700FC000700FC00 -0700FF000000FFF800007FFFC0007FFFF0003FFFFC001FFFFE0007FFFF0001FFFF80001FFF8000 -00FFC000001FC0E0000FC0E0000FC0F00007C0F00007C0F80007C0FC000F80FE001F80FF803F00 -FFFFFE00F3FFF800E07FC0001A207D9F21>I<0038000038000038000038000038000078000078 -0000780000F80000F80001F80003F80007F8001FF800FFFFFEFFFFFEFFFFFE07F80007F80007F8 -0007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F80007F8 -0007F80707F80707F80707F80707F80707F80707F80707FC0F03FC0E03FE1E01FFFC007FF8000F -E0182E7EAD20>I<01F80003F000FFF801FFF000FFF801FFF000FFF801FFF0000FF8001FF00007 -F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000F -F00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007 -F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8000FF00007F8001FF00007F8001F -F00007F8003FF00007F8007FF00003FC00FFF00003FE03EFF80001FFFFCFFF80007FFF0FFF8000 -0FFC0FFF8029207D9F2E>I E /Fk 8 40 df<7FC0000000000000FFFF000000000000FFFFE000 -000000007FFFFC0000000000007FFF80000000000001FFE00000000000003FF800000000000007 -FE00000000000000FF800000000000003FC00000000000000FF000000000000003F80000000000 -0000FC000000000000007F000000000000001F800000000000000FC000000000000007E0000000 -00000001F000000000000000F8000000000000007C000000000000003E000000000000001F0000 -00000000000F80000000000000078000000000000007C000000000000003E000000000000001F0 -00000000000000F000000000000000F8000000000000007C000000000000003C00000000000000 -3E000000000000001E000000000000001F000000000000000F000000000000000F800000000000 -00078000000000000007C000000000000003C000000000000003C000000000000003E000000000 -000001E000000000000001E000000000000001F000000000000000F000000000000000F0000000 -00000000F800000000000000780000000000000078000000000000007800000000000000780000 -000000000078000000000000007C000000000000003C000000000000003C000000000000003C00 -0000000000003C000000000000003C000000000000003C000000000000003C000000000000003C -00000000000000183E3EBA8374>24 D<0000000000000018000000000000003C00000000000000 -3C000000000000003C000000000000003C000000000000003C000000000000003C000000000000 -003C000000000000003C000000000000007C000000000000007800000000000000780000000000 -0000780000000000000078000000000000007800000000000000F800000000000000F000000000 -000000F000000000000001F000000000000001E000000000000001E000000000000003E0000000 -00000003C000000000000003C000000000000007C000000000000007800000000000000F800000 -000000000F000000000000001F000000000000001E000000000000003E000000000000003C0000 -00000000007C00000000000000F800000000000000F000000000000001F000000000000003E000 -000000000007C000000000000007800000000000000F800000000000001F000000000000003E00 -0000000000007C00000000000000F800000000000001F000000000000007E00000000000000FC0 -0000000000001F800000000000007F00000000000000FC00000000000003F80000000000000FF0 -0000000000003FC0000000000000FF80000000000007FE0000000000003FF8000000000001FFE0 -00000000007FFF80000000007FFFFC0000000000FFFFE00000000000FFFF0000000000007FC000 -00000000003E3EBABD74>I<6000000000000000F000000000000000F000000000000000F00000 -0000000000F000000000000000F000000000000000F000000000000000F000000000000000F000 -000000000000F80000000000000078000000000000007800000000000000780000000000000078 -0000000000000078000000000000007C000000000000003C000000000000003C00000000000000 -3E000000000000001E000000000000001E000000000000001F000000000000000F000000000000 -000F000000000000000F80000000000000078000000000000007C000000000000003C000000000 -000003E000000000000001E000000000000001F000000000000000F000000000000000F8000000 -000000007C000000000000003C000000000000003E000000000000001F000000000000000F8000 -0000000000078000000000000007C000000000000003E000000000000001F000000000000000F8 -000000000000007C000000000000003E000000000000001F800000000000000FC0000000000000 -07E000000000000003F800000000000000FC000000000000007F000000000000003FC000000000 -00000FF000000000000007FC00000000000001FF800000000000007FF00000000000001FFE0000 -0000000007FFF8000000000000FFFFF800000000001FFFFC000000000003FFFC0000000000000F -F83E3E80BD74>I<0000000000000FF8000000000003FFFC00000000001FFFFC0000000000FFFF -F80000000007FFF800000000001FFE0000000000007FF0000000000001FF80000000000007FC00 -00000000000FF00000000000003FC00000000000007F00000000000000FC00000000000003F800 -000000000007E00000000000000FC00000000000001F800000000000003E000000000000007C00 -000000000000F800000000000001F000000000000003E000000000000007C00000000000000780 -0000000000000F800000000000001F000000000000003E000000000000003C000000000000007C -00000000000000F800000000000000F000000000000001F000000000000001E000000000000003 -E000000000000003C000000000000007C000000000000007800000000000000F80000000000000 -0F000000000000000F000000000000001F000000000000001E000000000000001E000000000000 -003E000000000000003C000000000000003C000000000000007C00000000000000780000000000 -00007800000000000000780000000000000078000000000000007800000000000000F800000000 -000000F000000000000000F000000000000000F000000000000000F000000000000000F0000000 -00000000F000000000000000F000000000000000F00000000000000060000000000000003E3E80 -8374>I<7FE0000000000000000000FFFFC00000000000000000FFFFFC00000000000000007FFF -FFC000000000000000003FFFF80000000000000000007FFF00000000000000000007FFC0000000 -0000000000007FF80000000000000000000FFE00000000000000000001FF800000000000000000 -007FE00000000000000000000FF000000000000000000003FC00000000000000000000FE000000 -000000000000003F800000000000000000001FC000000000000000000007F00000000000000000 -0003F800000000000000000000FC000000000000000000007F000000000000000000001F800000 -000000000000000FC000000000000000000007E000000000000000000001F00000000000000000 -0000F8000000000000000000007C000000000000000000003E000000000000000000001F000000 -000000000000000F8000000000000000000007C000000000000000000003E00000000000000000 -0001F000000000000000000000F000000000000000000000F8000000000000000000007C000000 -000000000000003E000000000000000000001E000000000000000000001F000000000000000000 -000F80000000000000000000078000000000000000000007C000000000000000000003E0000000 -00000000000001E000000000000000000001F000000000000000000000F8000000000000000000 -0078000000000000000000007C000000000000000000003C000000000000000000003E00000000 -0000000000001E000000000000000000001F000000000000000000000F00000000000000000000 -0F000000000000000000000F80000000000000000000078000000000000000000007C000000000 -000000000003C000000000000000000003C000000000000000000003E000000000000000000001 -E000000000000000000001E000000000000000000001F000000000000000000000F00000000000 -0000000000F000000000000000000000F000000000000000000000F80000000000000000000078 -00000000000000000000780000000000000000000078000000000000000000007C000000000000 -000000003C000000000000000000003C000000000000000000003C000000000000000000003C00 -0000000000000000003C000000000000000000003C000000000000000000003E00000000000000 -0000001E000000000000000000001E000000000000000000001E000000000000000000001E0000 -00000000000000001E000000000000000000001E000000000000000000001E0000000000000000 -00001E000000000000000000001E000000000000000000000C5757D383A6>36 -D<000000000000000000000C000000000000000000001E000000000000000000001E0000000000 -00000000001E000000000000000000001E000000000000000000001E000000000000000000001E -000000000000000000001E000000000000000000001E000000000000000000001E000000000000 -000000003E000000000000000000003C000000000000000000003C000000000000000000003C00 -0000000000000000003C000000000000000000003C000000000000000000003C00000000000000 -0000007C0000000000000000000078000000000000000000007800000000000000000000780000 -0000000000000000F800000000000000000000F000000000000000000000F00000000000000000 -0000F000000000000000000001F000000000000000000001E000000000000000000001E0000000 -00000000000003E000000000000000000003C000000000000000000003C0000000000000000000 -07C000000000000000000007800000000000000000000F800000000000000000000F0000000000 -00000000000F000000000000000000001F000000000000000000001E000000000000000000003E -000000000000000000003C000000000000000000007C0000000000000000000078000000000000 -00000000F800000000000000000001F000000000000000000001E000000000000000000003E000 -000000000000000007C000000000000000000007800000000000000000000F8000000000000000 -00001F000000000000000000001E000000000000000000003E000000000000000000007C000000 -00000000000000F800000000000000000000F000000000000000000001F0000000000000000000 -03E000000000000000000007C00000000000000000000F800000000000000000001F0000000000 -00000000003E000000000000000000007C00000000000000000000F800000000000000000001F0 -00000000000000000007E00000000000000000000FC00000000000000000001F80000000000000 -0000007F00000000000000000000FC00000000000000000003F800000000000000000007F00000 -000000000000001FC00000000000000000003F80000000000000000000FE000000000000000000 -03FC0000000000000000000FF00000000000000000007FE0000000000000000001FF8000000000 -000000000FFE0000000000000000007FF8000000000000000007FFC000000000000000007FFF00 -000000000000003FFFF8000000000000007FFFFFC000000000000000FFFFFC0000000000000000 -FFFFC000000000000000007FE00000000000000000005757D3D6A6>I<60000000000000000000 -00F000000000000000000000F000000000000000000000F000000000000000000000F000000000 -000000000000F000000000000000000000F000000000000000000000F000000000000000000000 -F000000000000000000000F000000000000000000000F800000000000000000000780000000000 -000000000078000000000000000000007800000000000000000000780000000000000000000078 -0000000000000000000078000000000000000000007C000000000000000000003C000000000000 -000000003C000000000000000000003C000000000000000000003E000000000000000000001E00 -0000000000000000001E000000000000000000001E000000000000000000001F00000000000000 -0000000F000000000000000000000F000000000000000000000F80000000000000000000078000 -0000000000000000078000000000000000000007C000000000000000000003C000000000000000 -000003E000000000000000000001E000000000000000000001E000000000000000000001F00000 -0000000000000000F000000000000000000000F800000000000000000000780000000000000000 -00007C000000000000000000003C000000000000000000003E000000000000000000001F000000 -000000000000000F000000000000000000000F8000000000000000000007C00000000000000000 -0003C000000000000000000003E000000000000000000001F000000000000000000000F0000000 -00000000000000F8000000000000000000007C000000000000000000003E000000000000000000 -001E000000000000000000001F000000000000000000000F8000000000000000000007C0000000 -00000000000003E000000000000000000001F000000000000000000000F8000000000000000000 -007C000000000000000000003E000000000000000000001F000000000000000000000FC0000000 -00000000000007E000000000000000000003F000000000000000000001FC000000000000000000 -007E000000000000000000003F800000000000000000001FC000000000000000000007F0000000 -00000000000003F800000000000000000000FE000000000000000000007F800000000000000000 -001FE00000000000000000000FFC00000000000000000003FF00000000000000000000FFE00000 -000000000000003FFC00000000000000000007FFC0000000000000000001FFFC00000000000000 -00003FFFF8000000000000000007FFFFFC00000000000000007FFFFE000000000000000007FFFE -0000000000000000000FFC575780D6A6>I<0000000000000000000FFC000000000000000007FF -FE00000000000000007FFFFE0000000000000007FFFFFC000000000000003FFFF8000000000000 -0001FFFC000000000000000007FFC000000000000000003FFC000000000000000000FFE0000000 -000000000003FF0000000000000000000FFC0000000000000000001FE00000000000000000007F -80000000000000000000FE00000000000000000003F800000000000000000007F0000000000000 -0000001FC00000000000000000003F800000000000000000007E00000000000000000001FC0000 -0000000000000003F000000000000000000007E00000000000000000000FC00000000000000000 -001F000000000000000000003E000000000000000000007C00000000000000000000F800000000 -000000000001F000000000000000000003E000000000000000000007C00000000000000000000F -800000000000000000001F000000000000000000001E000000000000000000003E000000000000 -000000007C00000000000000000000F800000000000000000000F000000000000000000001F000 -000000000000000003E000000000000000000003C000000000000000000007C000000000000000 -00000F800000000000000000000F000000000000000000001F000000000000000000003E000000 -000000000000003C000000000000000000007C0000000000000000000078000000000000000000 -00F800000000000000000000F000000000000000000001F000000000000000000001E000000000 -000000000001E000000000000000000003E000000000000000000003C000000000000000000007 -C0000000000000000000078000000000000000000007800000000000000000000F800000000000 -000000000F000000000000000000000F000000000000000000001F000000000000000000001E00 -0000000000000000001E000000000000000000001E000000000000000000003E00000000000000 -0000003C000000000000000000003C000000000000000000003C000000000000000000007C0000 -000000000000000078000000000000000000007800000000000000000000780000000000000000 -0000780000000000000000000078000000000000000000007800000000000000000000F8000000 -00000000000000F000000000000000000000F000000000000000000000F0000000000000000000 -00F000000000000000000000F000000000000000000000F000000000000000000000F000000000 -000000000000F000000000000000000000F0000000000000000000006000000000000000000000 -57578083A6>I E /Fl 10 82 df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m 2 63 df<0000001800000078000001E00000078000001E0000007800 -0003E000000F8000003C000000F0000003C000000F0000003C000000F0000000F00000003C0000 -000F00000003C0000000F00000003C0000000F80000003E0000000780000001E00000007800000 -01E000000078000000181D1C7C9926>60 D62 D E /Fn 46 124 df44 DII<07C01FF03C78701C701C600CE00E -E00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00E701C701C783C3C781FF007C00F167F9512>48 -D<01000700FF00FF00070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700 -07007FF07FF00C167E9512>I<0FC03FE070706038E01C401C401C001C001C00380038007000E0 -00C00180030006000C00180030007FFC7FFC0E167F9512>I<07C01FF03838701C201C001C001C -0038007007E007E00038001C000C000E000E800EC00E601C38381FF007C00F167F9512>I<3FF8 -3FF83800380038003800380038003FC03FE03C703038001C001C001C001C001C4018E03870703F -E00F800E167F9512>53 D<01F007F80E081C003800700070006080E7F0FFF8F81CF01CE00EE00E -E00EE00E700E700C301C3C381FF007C00F167F9512>II<07C01FF0 -3C78783C701C701C701C301818300FE007C01C70701C600CE00EE00EE00EE00E701C38381FF007 -C00F167F9512>I<07C01FF038387018601CE01CE00EE00EE00EE00E701E703E3FFE1FCE020E00 -1C001C0038103030F01FC00F800F167F9512>I<00700000F80000F80001DC00019C00018C0003 -8E00038E000306000707000707000E03800E03800C03801FFFC01FFFC03801E03800E03800E070 -0070700070600070E0003815177F9618>65 D<00FF0003FFC00F83C01E00C01C00003800007000 -00700000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000007000007000003800001C00401E00 -C00F81C003FF8000FE0012177E9617>67 DIII72 DI75 -DII80 D82 D<07E01FF8383C600CC00CC000C000E00070007E003FE00FF001F8001C -000E000600060006C006E00CF8387FF00FC00F177E9614>IIII88 DII<1FC07FE0707040380038003801F81FF87E38F038E038E038F0 -787FF83FB80D0F7F8E11>97 D<001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C079C1FFC3C3C701C701C -E01CE01CE01CE01CE01C701C703C387C1FFC0F9C0E177F9612>100 D<0F801FE0387070306038 -E018FFF8FFF8E000E0006000700038181FF807E00D0F7F8E10>I105 D108 DII<07C01FF03838701C701CE00EE00E -E00EE00EE00E701C701C3C781FF007C00F0F7F8E12>I114 D<1F007FC0E0C0E000E000F0007F003F80 -0FC001E080E0C0E0E1C07FC01F000B0F7F8E0E>I<3800380038003800FF80FF80380038003800 -380038003800380038003800380038401FC01F000A137F920D>II<701C783838701C700EE007C00380 -038007C00EE00C601C703838701CF01E0F0F808E10>120 DI123 D E /Fo 4 111 df<0000C00003C0000F00001C0000780001E000078000 -0E00003C0000F00000F000003C00000E000007800001E000007800001C00000F000003C00000C0 -12147D901A>60 D62 -D<008000008000008000008000008000008000F087801FFC0007F00001C0000360000220000630 -000C18000808001004001110818E11>I<30F8590C4E0C9C0C980C180C180C3018301930313031 -6032601C100D7F8C15>110 D E /Fp 8 117 df<00001E000000003E00000000FE00000003FE00 -00003FFE0000FFFFFE0000FFFFFE0000FFFFFE0000FFCFFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE -0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000F -FE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE000000 -0FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000 -000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE00 -00000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE -0000000FFE00007FFFFFFFC07FFFFFFFC07FFFFFFFC07FFFFFFFC0223879B731>49 -D<0000001FFF000070000001FFFFE000F000000FFFFFFC01F000007FFFFFFF03F00001FFFE007F -87F00007FFE0000FEFF0000FFF000003FFF0003FFE000001FFF0007FF8000000FFF000FFF00000 -007FF001FFE00000003FF003FFC00000001FF003FF800000001FF007FF800000000FF00FFF0000 -000007F00FFF0000000007F01FFE0000000007F01FFE0000000003F03FFC0000000003F03FFC00 -00000003F07FFC0000000001F07FFC0000000001F07FFC0000000001F07FF8000000000000FFF8 -000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FF -F8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000 -FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF80000000000007FF80000000000007FFC0000000000 -007FFC0000000000F07FFC0000000000F03FFC0000000000F03FFC0000000000F01FFE00000000 -00F01FFE0000000001F00FFF0000000001E00FFF0000000003E007FF8000000003E003FF800000 -0007C003FFC000000007C001FFE00000000F8000FFF00000001F00007FF80000003E00003FFE00 -00007C00000FFF000001F8000007FFE00007F0000001FFFE003FC00000007FFFFFFF800000000F -FFFFFC0000000001FFFFF000000000001FFF0000003C3D7BBB47>67 D<001FFF00000001FFFFF0 -000007FFFFFC00000FF807FF00001FF801FF80001FFC00FFC0001FFC007FE0001FFC007FE0001F -FC007FF0001FFC003FF0000FF8003FF00007F0003FF00001C0003FF0000000003FF0000000003F -F0000000003FF0000000FFFFF000000FFFFFF000007FF83FF00003FF803FF00007FE003FF0001F -FC003FF0003FF8003FF0007FF0003FF0007FE0003FF000FFE0003FF000FFC0003FF000FFC0003F -F000FFC0003FF000FFC0007FF000FFC0007FF000FFE000FFF0007FF001DFF0003FF803DFF8001F -FC0F8FFFF00FFFFE0FFFF001FFFC07FFF0003FE000FFF02C267DA530>97 -D<0001FFC000000FFFF800003FFFFE0000FF80FF0001FE003F8007FC001FC00FF8000FE00FF800 -0FF01FF00007F03FF00007F83FF00007F87FE00007F87FE00003FC7FE00003FC7FE00003FCFFE0 -0003FCFFFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFFFCFFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE00000007F -E00000007FE00000007FE00000003FE00000003FF000003C1FF000003C1FF000003C0FF8000078 -07FC0000F803FE0001F001FF0007E000FFC03FC0003FFFFF000007FFFC000000FFE00026267DA5 -2D>101 D<00FF00000000FFFF00000000FFFF00000000FFFF00000000FFFF0000000007FF0000 -000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003 -FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000 -000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF007FC00003FF01FFF80003FF07FFFE0003 -FF1F03FF0003FF3C01FF0003FF7801FF8003FF7000FF8003FFE000FFC003FFC000FFC003FFC000 -FFC003FF8000FFC003FF8000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003 -FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000 -FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003 -FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC0FFFFFC3FFFFFFFFFFC3F -FFFFFFFFFC3FFFFFFFFFFC3FFFFF303C7CBB37>104 D<00FF01FF8000FFFF0FFFF000FFFF3FFF -FC00FFFFFE03FF00FFFFF001FFC003FFE0007FE003FF80007FF003FF80003FF803FF00001FF803 -FF00001FFC03FF00000FFC03FF00000FFE03FF00000FFE03FF00000FFE03FF000007FF03FF0000 -07FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03 -FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF00000FFE03FF00000FFE03FF00000FFE03FF00001FFC03FF0000 -1FFC03FF00001FF803FF80003FF003FFC0007FF003FFE000FFE003FFF001FF8003FFFC07FF0003 -FF3FFFFC0003FF0FFFF00003FF01FF000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000 -000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003 -FF0000000003FF0000000003FF00000000FFFFFC000000FFFFFC000000FFFFFC000000FFFFFC00 -000030377DA537>112 D<00FE03F000FFFE0FFE00FFFE3FFF80FFFE3C7FC0FFFE707FC007FEF0 -FFE003FEE0FFE003FEC0FFE003FFC0FFE003FF80FFE003FF807FC003FF803F8003FF800E0003FF -00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003 -FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF000000 -03FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF000000FFFFFE0000FFFFFE0000FFFFFE00 -00FFFFFE000023267DA529>114 D<0007800000078000000780000007800000078000000F8000 -000F8000000F8000000F8000001F8000001F8000003F8000003F8000007F800000FF800001FF80 -0007FF80001FFFFFF0FFFFFFF0FFFFFFF0FFFFFFF001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF -800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001 -FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF803C01FF803C01FF803C01FF803C01FF803C -01FF803C01FF803C01FF803C00FF807800FFC078007FC0F8007FE1F0001FFFE00007FFC00001FF -001E377EB626>116 D E /Fq 35 124 df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r 7 121 df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s -52 125 df<0001FF81FE00001FFFEFFF80007F80FF87C000FE00FF0FE003FC01FE0FE003F801FE -0FE007F001FC0FE007F001FC07C007F001FC000007F001FC000007F001FC000007F001FC000007 -F001FC000007F001FC000007F001FC0000FFFFFFFFF800FFFFFFFFF800FFFFFFFFF80007F001FC -000007F001FC000007F001FC000007F001FC000007F001FC000007F001FC000007F001FC000007 -F001FC000007F001FC000007F001FC000007F001FC000007F001FC000007F001FC000007F001FC -000007F001FC000007F001FC000007F001FC000007F001FC000007F001FC000007F001FC000007 -F001FC00007FFF1FFFE0007FFF1FFFE0007FFF1FFFE0002B2A7FA928>11 -D<00030007001E003C007800F800F001E003E007C007C00F800F801F801F003F003F003E003E00 -7E007E007E007C00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC00FC007C007E -007E007E003E003E003F003F001F001F800F800F8007C007C003E001E000F000F80078003C001E -00070003103C7AAC1B>40 DI45 D<1C007F00FF80FF80FF80FF80FF807F001C0009097B8813>I<003F800001 -FFF00007E0FC000FC07E001F803F001F803F003F001F803F001F807F001FC07F001FC07F001FC0 -7F001FC0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001F -E0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F00 -1FC03F001F803F001F801F803F001F803F000FC07E0007E0FC0001FFF000003F80001B277DA622 ->48 D<000E00001E00007E0007FE00FFFE00FFFE00F8FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00 -00FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00 -00FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE007FFFFE7FFFFE -7FFFFE17277BA622>I<00FF800003FFF0000FFFFC003F03FF007C00FF807C007FC0FE007FC0FF -003FE0FF003FE0FF003FE0FF001FE07E001FE03C003FE000003FE000003FC000003FC000007F80 -00007F800000FF000001FE000001FC000003F0000007E000000FC000001F0000003E0000007C00 -E0007800E000F000E001E001C0038001C0070001C00FFFFFC01FFFFFC03FFFFFC07FFFFFC0FFFF -FF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF801B277DA622>I<007F800003FFF00007FFFC001F81FE001F00FF003F80 -FF003F807F803FC07F803F807F803F807F801F007F800000FF800000FF000000FF000001FE0000 -03F8000007F00000FFC00000FFF0000001FC000000FF0000007F8000007FC000003FC000003FE0 -00003FE000003FE03C003FE07E003FE0FF003FE0FF003FE0FF003FC0FF007FC0FE007F807C00FF -803F01FF001FFFFC0007FFF00000FF80001B277DA622>I<00000E0000001E0000003E0000007E -000000FE000000FE000001FE000003FE0000077E00000E7E00000E7E00001C7E0000387E000070 -7E0000E07E0000E07E0001C07E0003807E0007007E000E007E000E007E001C007E0038007E0070 -007E00E0007E00FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF80000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE00 -0000FE000000FE000000FE00007FFFF8007FFFF8007FFFF81D277EA622>I<0C0003000F803F00 -0FFFFE000FFFFE000FFFFC000FFFF8000FFFE0000FFFC0000FFE00000E0000000E0000000E0000 -000E0000000E0000000E0000000E7FC0000FFFF8000F80FE000E007F000C003F8000003F800000 -1FC000001FC000001FE000001FE018001FE07E001FE0FE001FE0FE001FE0FE001FE0FE001FE0FE -001FC078003FC078003F803C007F001F01FE000FFFFC0003FFF00000FF80001B277DA622>I<00 -07F000003FFC0000FFFF0001FC0F0007F01F800FE03F800FC03F801FC03F803F803F803F801F00 -7F8000007F0000007F0000007F000000FF000000FF0FC000FF3FF800FF70FE00FFE03F00FFC03F -80FF801FC0FF801FC0FF801FC0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE07F001FE07F001FE07F00 -1FE07F001FE03F801FC03F801FC01F803F800FC03F8007E0FF0003FFFC0000FFF000003FC0001B -277DA622>I<380000003E0000003FFFFFF03FFFFFF03FFFFFF07FFFFFE07FFFFFC07FFFFFC07F -FFFF8070000F0070001E0070003C00E0003800E0007800E000F0000001E0000003C0000003C000 -0007800000078000000F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000003F0000003F0000003E0000007E00 -00007E0000007E0000007E000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE -000000FE000000FE0000003800001C297CA822>I<003FC00001FFF00003FFFC000FC07E000F00 -3F001F001F001E001F803E000F803E000F803F000F803F800F803FC01F803FF01F003FFC3F001F -FE7E001FFFF8000FFFE00007FFF80001FFFC0001FFFF0007FFFF801F8FFF803F03FFC07E01FFC0 -7C007FE0FC001FE0F8000FE0F80007E0F80003E0F80003E0F80003E0FC0003C07C0007C07E0007 -803F000F801FC03F000FFFFC0003FFF800007FC0001B277DA622>I<007F800001FFF00007FFF8 -000FE0FE001FC07E003F803F007F003F807F003F80FF001FC0FF001FC0FF001FC0FF001FC0FF00 -1FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE07F003FE07F003FE07F003FE03F807FE01F80FFE00FE1DFE003 -FF9FE0007E1FE000001FE000001FC000001FC000001FC000003FC01F003F803F803F803F807F00 -3F807F003F80FE003F01FC001E03F8000FFFE00007FF800001FE00001B277DA622>I<00000380 -0000000007C00000000007C0000000000FE0000000000FE0000000000FE0000000001FF0000000 -001FF0000000003FF8000000003FF8000000003FF80000000073FC0000000073FC00000000F3FE -00000000E1FE00000000E1FE00000001C0FF00000001C0FF00000003C0FF80000003807F800000 -07807FC0000007003FC0000007003FC000000E003FE000000E001FE000001E001FF000001C000F -F000001FFFFFF000003FFFFFF800003FFFFFF80000780007FC0000700003FC0000700003FC0000 -E00001FE0000E00001FE0001E00001FF0001C00000FF0001C00000FF00FFFE001FFFFEFFFE001F -FFFEFFFE001FFFFE2F297EA834>65 D<00003FF001800003FFFE0780000FFFFF8F80003FF007FF -8000FF8001FF8001FE00007F8007FC00003F8007F800001F800FF000000F801FE000000F803FE0 -000007803FC0000007807FC0000003807FC0000003807FC000000380FF8000000000FF80000000 -00FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF80 -00000000FF8000000000FF80000000007FC0000000007FC0000003807FC0000003803FC0000003 -803FE0000003801FE0000007800FF00000070007F800000F0007FC00001E0001FE00003C0000FF -8000F800003FF007F000000FFFFFC0000003FFFF000000003FF8000029297CA832>67 -DIII73 D<01FFFFF001FFFFF001FF -FFF00001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE0000 -01FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE00 -0001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE001801FE007E01FE -00FF01FE00FF01FE00FF01FE00FF03FC00FE03FC007C07F8003E0FF0000FFFC00003FE00001C29 -7DA824>III78 D<0000FFE000000007FFFC0000003FC07F80 -00007F001FC00001FC0007F00003F80003F80007F00001FC000FF00001FE001FE00000FF001FE0 -0000FF003FC000007F803FC000007F807FC000007FC07F8000003FC07F8000003FC07F8000003F -C0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF80 -00003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE07F8000003FC07FC000007FC07FC000007F -C03FC000007F803FC000007F801FE00000FF001FE00000FF000FF00001FE0007F00001FC0003F8 -0003F80001FC0007F00000FF001FE000003FC07F8000000FFFFE00000000FFE000002B297CA834 ->II82 -D<007F806003FFF0E00FFFFFE01F807FE03F001FE07E0007E07E0003E07C0003E0FC0001E0FC00 -01E0FC0000E0FE0000E0FE0000E0FF000000FFC000007FFE00007FFFE0003FFFFC003FFFFF001F -FFFF8007FFFFC003FFFFE000FFFFF00007FFF000007FF000000FF8000007F8000003F8E00003F8 -E00001F8E00001F8E00001F8F00001F8F00001F0F80003F0FC0003E0FF0007E0FFE01FC0FFFFFF -00E0FFFE00C01FF0001D297CA826>I<7FFFFFFFFFC07FFFFFFFFFC07FFFFFFFFFC07F803FC03F -C07E003FC007C078003FC003C078003FC003C070003FC001C0F0003FC001E0F0003FC001E0E000 -3FC000E0E0003FC000E0E0003FC000E0E0003FC000E0E0003FC000E000003FC0000000003FC000 -0000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC000000000 -3FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC000 -0000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC000000000 -3FC00000007FFFFFE000007FFFFFE000007FFFFFE0002B287EA730>I<01FF800007FFF0000F81 -FC001FC0FE001FC07F001FC07F001FC03F800F803F8000003F8000003F8000003F80000FFF8000 -FFFF8007FC3F801FE03F803F803F807F803F807F003F80FE003F80FE003F80FE003F80FE007F80 -FF007F807F00FFC03F83DFFC0FFF0FFC01FC03FC1E1B7E9A21>97 DI<001FF80000FFFE0003F01F000FE03F801FC03F803F803F803F803F80 -7F801F007F000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF0000 -00FF0000007F0000007F8000003F8001C03FC001C01FC003C00FE0078003F01F0000FFFC00001F -E0001A1B7E9A1F>I<00003FF80000003FF80000003FF800000003F800000003F800000003F800 -000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F8 -00000003F800001FE3F80000FFFBF80003F03FF8000FE00FF8001FC007F8003F8003F8003F8003 -F8007F8003F8007F0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF00 -03F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F8007F0003F8007F0003F8003F8003F8003F8007F8001F -C00FF8000FE01FF80003F03FFF8000FFF3FF80003FC3FF80212A7EA926>I<003FE00001FFF800 -03F07E000FE03F001FC01F803F800FC03F800FC07F000FC07F0007E0FF0007E0FF0007E0FF0007 -E0FFFFFFE0FFFFFFE0FF000000FF000000FF000000FF0000007F0000007F8000003F8000E03F80 -01E01FC001C00FE003C003F81F8000FFFE00001FF0001B1B7E9A20>I<00FF81F003FFE7FC0FC1 -FE7C1F80FC7C3F80FE7C3F007E107F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F003F -007E003F80FE001F80FC000FC1F8001FFFE00018FF8000380000003C0000003C0000003E000000 -3FFFF8003FFFFF001FFFFFC00FFFFFE007FFFFF01FFFFFF07E0007F87C0001F8F80001F8F80000 -F8F80000F8F80000F8FC0001F87E0003F03F0007E00FC01F8003FFFE00007FF0001E287E9A22> -103 DI<07001FC01FE03FE03FE03FE01FE0 -1FC007000000000000000000000000000000FFE0FFE0FFE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00F -E00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE0FFFEFFFEFFFE0F2B7DAA14> -I108 DII<003FE00001FFFC0003F07E000FC01F801F800FC03F800FE03F0007E07F0007F07F0007F0 -7F0007F0FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F87F0007 -F07F0007F03F800FE03F800FE01F800FC00FC01F8007F07F0001FFFC00003FE0001D1B7E9A22> -II114 D<03FE300FFFF03E03F07800F07000F0F00070F0 -0070F80070FC0000FFE000FFFE007FFFC03FFFE01FFFF007FFF800FFFC0003FC0000FCE0007CE0 -003CF0003CF0003CF80078FC0078FF01F0F7FFC0C1FF00161B7E9A1B>I<007000007000007000 -00700000F00000F00000F00001F00003F00003F00007F0001FFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF007F00007F000 -07F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F03807F038 -07F03807F03807F03807F03807F03803F87001F8F000FFE0001F8015267FA51B>III121 D<3FFFFF803FFFFF803F00FF803C00FF003801FE007803FC00 -7807FC007007F800700FF000701FE000001FE000003FC000007F800000FF800000FF000001FE03 -8003FC038003FC038007F803800FF007801FF007801FE007003FC00F007F801F00FF807F00FFFF -FF00FFFFFF00191B7E9A1F>III E /Ft 55 122 df<3801807C0380FE0380FE0700EE0700EE -0E00EE0E00EE0E00FE1C00FE1C007C380038380000700000700000700000E00000E00001C00001 -C00001C0000380000383800707C0070FE00E0EE00E0EE00E0EE01C0EE01C0EE0380FE03807C018 -038013207F9C16>37 D<00E001E007C007000F001E003C0038007800700070007000F000E000E0 -00E000E000E000E000E000F000700070007000780038003C001E000F00070007C001E000E00B21 -7A9C16>40 D -I<01C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C000FFFF80FFFF80FFFF8001C00001C0 -0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00011137E9516>43 D<387C7E7E3E0E1E3C7CF86007 -0B798416>II<70F8F8F8700505788416>I<03E0000FF800 -1FFC001E3C00380E00780F00700700700700E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380 -E00380F00780700700700700780F003C1E001E3C001FFC000FF80003E00011197E9816>48 -D<01800380038007800F807F80FF80738003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380 -0380038003807FF87FFC7FF80E197C9816>I<07E0001FF8007FFE00783F00F00F00F00780F003 -80F00380000380000380000780000700000F00001E00003C0000780000F00003E0000780000F00 -001E03803C03807FFF80FFFF807FFF8011197E9816>I<07E0001FFC007FFE00781F00780F0078 -0700000700000F00000F00003E0007FC0007F80007FC00001E00000700000780000380000380F0 -0380F00780F00700F81F007FFE003FFC0007E00011197E9816>I<007C0000FC0000DC0001DC00 -039C00039C00071C000F1C000E1C001E1C003C1C00381C00781C00F01C00FFFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE0 -001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0001FFC001FFC001FFC013197F9816>I<3FFE003FFE003FFE -003800003800003800003800003800003800003800003BF0003FFC003FFE003C0F003007000007 -80000380600380F00380F00780F00F00F81F007FFE001FF80007E00011197E9816>I<00F80003 -FE000FFF001F0F003E0F003C0F00780600700000F00000F3F800EFFE00FFFE00F80F00F00780F0 -0780E00380F00380F00380700380780780780F003C1F001FFE000FF80003E00011197E9816>I< -E00000FFFF80FFFF80FFFF80E00F00E01E00001C0000380000780000700000E00000E00001C000 -01C00001C000038000038000038000038000070000070000070000070000070000070000070000 -111A7E9916>I<70F8F8F870000000000000000070F8F8F8700512789116>58 -D<7FFF00FFFF80FFFF80000000000000000000000000000000FFFF80FFFF807FFF00110B7E9116 ->61 D<00F80003FE000FFF001F0F803E3F803C7F8078FFC071E7C0F1C3C0E3C3C0E381C0E381C0 -E381C0E381C0E381C0E3C3C0F1C38071E78078FF003C7E003E3C001F03C00FFFC003FF0000FC00 -12197E9816>64 D<00E00001F00001F00001B00001B00003B80003B80003B800031800071C0007 -1C00071C00071C00071C000E0E000E0E000FFE000FFE001FFF001C07001C07001C07007F1FC0FF -1FE07F1FC013197F9816>I<7FF800FFFE007FFF001C0F001C07801C03801C03801C03801C0780 -1C07001FFF001FFE001FFE001C1F001C03801C03C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C03C01C0780 -7FFF80FFFF007FFC0012197F9816>I<01F18007FF800FFF801F0F803C07807807807803807003 -80F00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000F000007003807803807803803C07 -801F0F000FFE0007FC0001F00011197E9816>I<7FF800FFFE007FFF001C0F001C07801C03C01C -01C01C01C01C01E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C01C01C01C01C -03C01C07801C0F807FFF00FFFE007FF8001319809816>I<7FFFC0FFFFC07FFFC01C01C01C01C0 -1C01C01C01C01C00001C00001C1C001C1C001FFC001FFC001FFC001C1C001C1C001C00001C00E0 -1C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E07FFFE0FFFFE07FFFE013197F9816>II<03E30007FF001F -FF003E1F003C0F00780F00780700700700F00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E03F80E07FC0E0 -3F80F00700700700780F00780F003C0F003E1F001FFF0007FF0003E70012197E9816>I<7F1FC0 -FFBFE07F1FC01C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001FFF001FFF001FFF001C0700 -1C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07007F1FC0FFBFE07F1FC013197F9816> -II<7F0FE0FF8FF07F0FE01C07801C0F001C0E001C1C -001C3C001C78001CF0001CE0001DF0001FF0001FF8001F38001E1C001C1C001C0E001C0E001C07 -001C07001C03807F07E0FF8FF07F07E01419809816>75 DII<7E1FC0FF3FE07F -1FC01D07001D87001D87001D87001DC7001DC7001CC7001CC7001CE7001CE7001CE7001C67001C -67001C77001C77001C37001C37001C37001C17007F1F00FF9F007F0F0013197F9816>I<1FFC00 -3FFE007FFF00780F00F00780E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380 -E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380F00780F00780780F007FFF003FFE001FFC0011197E9816> -I<7FF800FFFE007FFF001C0F801C03801C03C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C03C01C03801C0F801FFF -001FFE001FF8001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00007F0000FF80007F00001219 -7F9816>I<7FE000FFF8007FFC001C1E001C0F001C07001C07001C07001C07001C0F001C1E001F -FC001FF8001FFC001C1C001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E201C0E701C0E707F07E0FF87E07F -03C014197F9816>82 D<07E3001FFF007FFF00781F00F00F00E00700E00700E00000F000007800 -007F80001FF00007FC0000FE00000F00000780000380000380E00380E00380F00780F80F00FFFE -00FFFC00C7F00011197E9816>I<7FFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E000E00000 -E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000 -E00007FC000FFE0007FC0013197F9816>I<7F07F0FF8FF87F07F01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C0 -1C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C00E0380 -0E038007070007FF0003FE0000F8001519809816>III<7F1F807F3F807F1F80 -0E1E000E1C00073C0007380003B80003F00001F00001E00000E00001E00001F00003F00003B800 -07B800071C00071C000E0E000E0E001C07007F1FC0FF1FE07F1FC013197F9816>II<7F -FF80FFFF80FFFF80E00700E00F00E01E00E01C00003C0000780000700000F00001E00001C00003 -C0000780000700000F00001E03801C03803C0380780380700380FFFF80FFFF80FFFF8011197E98 -16>II93 D<03E00FF81FFC3C1E780E -7007E007FFFFFFFFFFFFE000E000700778073C0F1FFE0FFC03F010127D9116>101 -D<001F00007F8000FF8001E78001C30001C00001C0007FFF00FFFF00FFFF0001C00001C00001C0 -0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0003FFE007FFF003FFE001119 -7F9816>I<018003C003C0018000000000000000007FC07FC07FC001C001C001C001C001C001C0 -01C001C001C001C001C001C07FFFFFFF7FFF101A7D9916>105 D<7E3C00FEFF007FFF800F8780 -0F03800F03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03807FC7F0FFE7F8 -7FC7F01512809116>110 D<03E0000FF8001FFC003C1E00780F00700700E00380E00380E00380 -E00380E00380F00780700700780F003C1E001FFC000FF80003E00011127E9116>I<7E3E00FEFF -807FFFC00F83E00F01E00E00F00E00F00E00700E00700E00700E00700E00F00F00E00F01E00F83 -C00FFFC00EFF000E3C000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00007FC000FFE0007FC000141B -809116>I114 D<03000007000007000007 -00000700007FFF00FFFF00FFFF0007000007000007000007000007000007000007000007010007 -038007038007078007878003FF0003FE0000F80011177F9616>116 D119 D<7F1FC07F3FC07F1FC00F1C00073C0003B80003F00001F00000 -E00001E00001F00003B800073C00071C000E0E007F1FC0FF3FE07F1FC013127F9116>I<7F1FC0 -FF9FE07F1FC01C07000E07000E0E000E0E00070E00071C00071C00039C00039C0003980001B800 -01B80000F00000F00000F00000E00000E00000E00001C00079C0007BC0007F80003F00003C0000 -131B7F9116>I E /Fu 65 125 df<00FC1F8001FC3F8003FC7F800700E0000E01C0000E01C000 -0E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C000FFE1FC00FFE1FC000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0 -000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01 -C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C000191D809C18>11 D<00F0000001F8000003FC0000039C000007 -0E0000070E0000070E0000070E0000070E0000071E0000073C0000073800000778000003F00000 -03E0030007C003000F8006001FC006003DC0060078E00C0070F00C00F0701800E0783800E03C30 -00E01C6000E00EC000700F800070078040381FE1C01FF8FFC007E03F001A1F7E9D1F>38 -D<00E001C0038007000E000E001C001C003800380038007000700070007000E000E000E000E000 -E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00070007000700070003800380038001C001C000E000E0007 -00038001C000E00B2A7E9E10>40 DI44 DII<00030003000700060006000E000C -001C0018001800380030003000700060006000E000C000C001C001800380030003000700060006 -000E000C000C001C001800180038003000700060006000E000C000C00010297E9E15>I<03C00F -F01FF83C3C381C700E700E700EE007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007 -700E700E700E381C3C3C1FF80FF007E0101D7E9B15>I<010007003F00FF00C700070007000700 -070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700FFF8FF -F80D1C7C9B15>I<07C01FF03878701C601EE00EC00F400F400700070007000F000E001E001C00 -3C007800F001E001C0038007000E001C0038007000FFFFFFFF101C7E9B15>I<07E01FF0383870 -1CE01E401E401E001E001E001C003C007807F007E007F0003C001C001E000F000F000F000F800F -800FC01E601C383C1FF007E0101D7E9B15>I<003C00007C00005C0000DC0001DC00019C00039C -00039C00071C00071C000E1C000E1C001C1C003C1C00381C00781C00701C00F01C00FFFFC0FFFF -C0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00121B7F9A15>I<7FFE7FFE700070007000 -700070007000700073E07FF07FF87E3C7C1E781E780F000F000F000F000F000F000F401EC01E60 -3C38781FF00FC0101C7E9A15>I<00F803FC07040E001C00380038007000700071F0E7F8EFFCFC -3CF81EF00EF007E007E007E007E007E00770077007700E300E381C1C380FF003E0101D7E9B15> -I<07E01FF83C3C700E700EE007E007E007E007700E700E3C3C1FF807E01FF83C3C700E700EE007 -E007E007E007E007E007700E781E3C3C1FF807E0101D7E9B15>56 D<001C0000003E0000003E00 -00002E0000006700000067000000E7800000C7800000C3800001C3C0000183C0000181C0000381 -E0000381E0000700F0000700F0000600F0000E0078000FFFF8000FFFF8001C003C001C003C0018 -003C0038001E0038001E0070001F0070000F0070000F00E0000780191D7F9C1C>65 -DI<003FC000FFF003C0F00780300F00001E00003C00003C -0000780000780000780000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F0000078 -00007800007800003C00003C00001E00000F000807801803C07800FFF0003F80151F7D9D1B>I< -FFFC00FFFF00F00F80F003E0F001F0F000F0F00078F00038F0003CF0003CF0001CF0001EF0001E -F0001EF0001EF0001EF0001EF0001EF0001EF0003CF0003CF0003CF00078F000F0F000F0F003E0 -F00FC0FFFF00FFFC00171D7C9C1E>III<003F8001FFF003C0F80780380F00181E00003C00003C0000780000780000 -780000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F007F8F007F8F00038780038780038780038 -3C00383C00381E00380F003807803803C0F801FFF0003F80151F7D9D1C>III<00780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078 -00780078007800780078007800780078C078E0F0FFF07FE01F800D1E7E9C14>IIIII<003F000001FFE00003FFF00007C0F8000F807C00 -1E001E003E001F003C000F00780007807800078078000780F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003 -C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F80007C078000780780007807C000F803C000F003E00 -1F001F003E000F807C0007C0F80003FFF00001FFE000003F00001A1F7E9D1F>II82 D<03F8000FFE001C0F00380700 -700300600000E00000E00000E00000E00000F000007800007F00003FE0001FFC0007FE0001FF00 -001F800007800003C00003C00001C00001C00001C00001C0C00180E00380F007007C0E001FFC00 -07F000121F7E9D17>IIIII<7800 -0E007C001E003C003C001E0038000F0070000F00F0000781E00003C1C00001C3C00001E7800000 -F70000007E0000003E0000003C0000003C0000007E00000077000000E7800001E3800003C1C000 -0381E0000700F0000F00F8000E0078001C003C003C003E0078001F0070000F00F0000F80191D7F -9C1C>II<0FC03FF07FF87038401C001C001C00FC0FFC3FFC781CE01CE01CE01CF0 -7C7FFC7FDC3F1C0E127E9114>97 DI<07E00FF81FFC3C1C70047000E000E000E000E000E000E000700070043C1C1FFC0FF807E00E -127E9112>I<000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E0F8E1FEE3FFE7C3E700E70 -0EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EF00E701E7C3E3FFE1FEE0F8E0F1D7E9C15>I<07C01FE03FF078 -787018601CFFFCFFFCFFFCE000E000E000700070043C1C3FFC1FF807E00E127E9112>I<00FC01 -FC03FC07000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00FFE0FFE00E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00 -0E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E1D809C0D>I<03C3C00FFFC01FFFC01C3800381C0038 -1C00381C00381C00381C001C38001FF8001FF0003BC0003800003800001FFC001FFF003FFF8070 -0780E001C0E001C0E001C0F003C07C0F803FFF001FFE0007F800121B7F9115>III107 DIII<03F0000FFC001FFE003C0F00780780700380E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E0 -01C0F003C07003807807803C0F001FFE000FFC0003F00012127F9115>II114 D<1FC03FF07FF0F030E000E000F0007F003FC01FE000F0 -003800388038F078FFF07FE01FC00D127F9110>I<1C001C001C001C001C001C00FFE0FFE01C00 -1C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C201FF00FF007C00C187F970F>IIII<7003807807003C0E001C1C000E1C0007380003F00001E00001C00001E00003F0 -000738000E18000E1C001C0E00380700700380F003C01212809113>II123 DI E /Fv 6 117 df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w 47 124 df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x 58 124 -df<000FF83F00007FFDFFC001F81FE3E003E03F87E007C03F87E00F803F07E00F803F03C00F80 -1F00000F801F00000F801F00000F801F00000F801F00000F801F0000FFFFFFFC00FFFFFFFC000F -801F00000F801F00000F801F00000F801F00000F801F00000F801F00000F801F00000F801F0000 -0F801F00000F801F00000F801F00000F801F00000F801F00000F801F00000F801F00000F801F00 -000F801F00000F801F00007FF0FFF0007FF0FFF00023237FA221>11 D<000FF000007FFC0001F8 -0E0003E01F0007C03F000F803F000F803F000F801E000F800C000F8000000F8000000F8000000F -800000FFFFFF00FFFFFF000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F00 -0F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F -000F801F007FF0FFE07FF0FFE01B237FA21F>I45 -D<387CFEFEFE7C3807077C8610>I<00FE0007FFC00F83E01F01F03E00F83E00F87C007C7C007C -7C007CFC007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E -FC007EFC007E7C007C7C007C7C007C3E00F83E00F81F01F00F83E007FFC000FE0017207E9F1C> -48 D<00180000780001F800FFF800FFF80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F800 -01F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F800 -01F80001F80001F80001F80001F8007FFFE07FFFE013207C9F1C>I<03FC000FFF003C1FC07007 -E07C07F0FE03F0FE03F8FE03F8FE01F87C01F83803F80003F80003F00003F00007E00007C0000F -80001F00003E0000380000700000E01801C0180380180700180E00380FFFF01FFFF03FFFF07FFF -F0FFFFF0FFFFF015207D9F1C>I<00FE0007FFC00F07E01E03F03F03F03F81F83F81F83F81F81F -03F81F03F00003F00003E00007C0001F8001FE0001FF000007C00001F00001F80000FC0000FC3C -00FE7E00FEFF00FEFF00FEFF00FEFF00FC7E01FC7801F81E07F00FFFC001FE0017207E9F1C>I< -0000E00001E00003E00003E00007E0000FE0001FE0001FE00037E00077E000E7E001C7E00187E0 -0307E00707E00E07E00C07E01807E03807E07007E0E007E0FFFFFEFFFFFE0007E00007E00007E0 -0007E00007E00007E00007E000FFFE00FFFE17207E9F1C>I<1000201E01E01FFFC01FFF801FFF -001FFE001FF8001BC00018000018000018000018000019FC001FFF001E0FC01807E01803E00003 -F00003F00003F80003F83803F87C03F8FE03F8FE03F8FC03F0FC03F07007E03007C01C1F800FFF -0003F80015207D9F1C>I<001F8000FFE003F07007C0F00F01F81F01F83E01F83E01F87E00F07C -00007C0000FC0800FC7FC0FCFFE0FD80F0FF00F8FE007CFE007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E7C -007E7C007E7C007E3C007C3E007C1E00F80F00F00783E003FFC000FF0017207E9F1C>I<600000 -7800007FFFFE7FFFFE7FFFFC7FFFF87FFFF87FFFF0E00060E000C0C00180C00300C00300000600 -000C00001C0000180000380000780000780000F00000F00000F00001F00001F00001F00003F000 -03F00003F00003F00003F00003F00003F00001E00017227DA11C>I<00FE0003FFC00601E00C00 -701800701800383800383C00383F00383F80783FE0701FF8E01FFFC00FFF8007FFC003FFE007FF -F01E7FF83C1FFC7807FC7801FEF000FEF0003EF0001EF0001EF0001CF8001C7800383C00381F01 -F00FFFC001FF0017207E9F1C>I<01FE0007FF800F83E01E01F03E00F07C00F87C0078FC007CFC -007CFC007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E7C00FE7C00FE3E01FE1E037E0FFE7E07FC7E00207E00 -007C00007C1E007C3F00F83F00F83F00F03F01E01E03C01C0F800FFE0003F80017207E9F1C>I< -387CFEFEFE7C380000000000000000387CFEFEFE7C3807167C9510>I<00007000000000700000 -0000F800000000F800000000F800000001FC00000001FC00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00 -000006FF000000067F0000000E7F8000000C3F8000000C3F800000183FC00000181FC00000381F -E00000300FE00000300FE00000600FF000006007F00000E007F80000FFFFF80000FFFFF8000180 -01FC00018001FC00038001FE00030000FE00030000FE000600007F000600007F00FFE00FFFF8FF -E00FFFF825227EA12A>65 DI<0003FE008000 -1FFF818000FF01E38001F8003F8003E0001F8007C0000F800F800007801F800007803F00000380 -3F000003807F000001807E000001807E00000180FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE000000 -00FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE000000007E000000007E000001807F000001803F0000 -01803F000003801F800003000F8000030007C000060003F0000C0001F800380000FF00F000001F -FFC0000003FE000021227DA128>IIII<0003FE0040001FFFC0C0007F00F1C001F8003FC003F0000FC007C00007 -C00FC00003C01F800003C03F000001C03F000001C07F000000C07E000000C07E000000C0FE0000 -0000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE000FFFFC7E00 -0FFFFC7F00001FC07F00001FC03F00001FC03F00001FC01F80001FC00FC0001FC007E0001FC003 -F0001FC001FC003FC0007F80E7C0001FFFC3C00003FF00C026227DA12C>I73 D75 DIII<0007FC0000003FFF -800000FC07E00003F001F80007E000FC000FC0007E001F80003F001F80003F003F00001F803F00 -001F807F00001FC07E00000FC07E00000FC0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE -00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE07E00000FC07F00001FC07F00001FC0 -3F00001F803F80003F801F80003F000FC0007E0007E000FC0003F001F80000FC07E000003FFF80 -000007FC000023227DA12A>II< -01FC0407FF8C1F03FC3C007C7C003C78001C78001CF8000CF8000CFC000CFC0000FF0000FFE000 -7FFF007FFFC03FFFF01FFFF80FFFFC03FFFE003FFE0003FF00007F00003F00003FC0001FC0001F -C0001FE0001EE0001EF0003CFC003CFF00F8C7FFE080FF8018227DA11F>83 -D<7FFFFFFF807FFFFFFF807E03F80F807803F807807003F803806003F80180E003F801C0E003F8 -01C0C003F800C0C003F800C0C003F800C0C003F800C00003F800000003F800000003F800000003 -F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F8000000 -03F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F80000 -0003F8000003FFFFF80003FFFFF80022227EA127>I86 DI<7FFFC1FFF07FFFC1FFF003FC000C0001FE00180000FE00 -380000FF007000007F806000003F80C000003FC1C000001FE38000000FE30000000FF700000007 -FE00000003FC00000003FC00000001FE00000000FE00000000FF00000000FF80000001FFC00000 -01BFC00000031FE00000070FF000000E0FF000000C07F800001803FC00003803FC00003001FE00 -006000FF0000E000FF0001C0007F800180003FC0FFFC03FFFEFFFC03FFFE27227FA12A>II<3FFFFFE03FFFFFE03F801FC03E003FC03C003F80 -38007F007000FF007000FE007001FE006003FC006003F8006007F8000007F000000FE000001FE0 -00001FC000003FC000007F8000007F000000FF000000FE006001FC006003FC006003F8006007F8 -00E00FF000E00FE000E01FE001C01FC001C03F8003C07F8007C07F003FC0FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC01B -227DA122>I<07FC001FFF803F07C03F03E03F01E03F01F01E01F00001F00001F0003FF003FDF0 -1FC1F03F01F07E01F0FC01F0FC01F0FC01F0FC01F07E02F07E0CF81FF87F07E03F18167E951B> -97 DI<00FF8007FFE0 -0F83F01F03F03E03F07E03F07C01E07C0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC00007C0000 -7E00007E00003E00301F00600FC0E007FF8000FE0014167E9519>I<0001FE000001FE0000003E -0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E000000 -3E0001FC3E0007FFBE000F81FE001F007E003E003E007E003E007C003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC -003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E007C003E007C003E003E007E001E00FE00 -0F83BE0007FF3FC001FC3FC01A237EA21F>I<00FE0007FF800F87C01E01E03E01F07C00F07C00 -F8FC00F8FC00F8FFFFF8FFFFF8FC0000FC0000FC00007C00007C00007E00003E00181F00300FC0 -7003FFC000FF0015167E951A>I<003F8000FFC001E3E003C7E007C7E00F87E00F83C00F80000F -80000F80000F80000F80000F8000FFFC00FFFC000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F -80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80007FF8007F -F80013237FA211>I<03FC1E0FFF7F1F0F8F3E07CF3C03C07C03E07C03E07C03E07C03E07C03E0 -3C03C03E07C01F0F801FFF0013FC003000003000003800003FFF801FFFF00FFFF81FFFFC3800FC -70003EF0001EF0001EF0001EF0001E78003C7C007C3F01F80FFFE001FF0018217E951C>II<1C003F007F007F007F003F -001C000000000000000000000000000000FF00FF001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F00 -1F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F00FFE0FFE00B247EA310>I108 DII<00FE0007FFC00F83E0 -1E00F03E00F87C007C7C007C7C007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E7C007C -7C007C3E00F81F01F00F83E007FFC000FE0017167E951C>II114 -D<0FF3003FFF00781F00600700E00300E00300F00300FC00007FE0007FF8003FFE000FFF0001FF -00000F80C00780C00380E00380E00380F00700FC0E00EFFC00C7F00011167E9516>I<01800001 -80000180000180000380000380000780000780000F80003F8000FFFF00FFFF000F80000F80000F -80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F81800F81800F81800F81800F -81800F830007C30003FE0000F80011207F9F16>III120 -DI123 -D E /Fy 60 124 df<003FC00001F0300003C0380007C07C000F807C000F807C000F8038000F80 -00000F8000000F8000000F800000FFFFFC00FFFFFC000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F -807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C00 -7FE1FF807FE1FF80191D809C1B>12 D<78FCFCFCFCFCFC78787878787878783030303000000000 -78FCFCFCFC78061D7C9C0F>33 D<78FCFCFEFE7A0202040408083040070E7D850D>44 -DI<78FCFCFCFC7806067D850D>I<03F8000F1E001C07003C07 -803803807803C07803C07803C0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803 -E0F803E0F803E0F803E07803C07803C03803803C07801C07000F1E0003F800131B7E9A18>48 -D<00600001E0000FE000FFE000F3E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E0 -0003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E0007FFF -807FFF80111B7D9A18>I<07F8001FFE00383F80780FC0FC07C0FC07E0FC03E0FC03E07803E000 -07E00007C00007C0000F80001F00001E0000380000700000E0000180600300600600600800E01F -FFC03FFFC07FFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0131B7E9A18>I<03F8001FFE003C1F003C0F807C07C07E07C0 -7C07C03807C0000F80000F80001E00003C0003F800001E00000F800007C00007C00007E03007E0 -7807E0FC07E0FC07E0FC07C0780F80781F001FFE0007F800131B7E9A18>I<0001800003800007 -80000F80001F80003F80006F8000CF80008F80018F80030F80060F800C0F80180F80300F80600F -80C00F80FFFFF8FFFFF8000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F8001FFF801FFF8151B7F9A18 ->I<1801801FFF001FFE001FFC001FF8001FC00018000018000018000018000019F8001E0E0018 -0F801007800007C00007E00007E00007E07807E0F807E0F807E0F807C0F007C0600F80381F001F -FE0007F000131B7E9A18>I<007E0003FF000781800F03C01E07C03C07C03C0380780000780000 -F80000F8F800FB0E00FA0780FC0380FC03C0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E07803E07803E07803C0 -3C03C03C07801E0F0007FE0003F800131B7E9A18>I<6000007FFFE07FFFE07FFFC07FFF807FFF -80E00300C00600C00C00C0180000300000300000600000E00000E00001E00001C00003C00003C0 -0003C00003C00007C00007C00007C00007C00007C00007C000038000131C7D9B18>I<03F8000F -FF001C07803003803001C07001C07801C07E01C07F83807FC3003FF6001FFC000FFE0007FF801D -FF80387FC0781FE0F007E0F003E0F001E0F001E0F001E07801C07803803E07801FFE0003F80013 -1B7E9A18>I<03F8000FFE001E0F003C07807807807803C0F803C0F803C0F803E0F803E0F803E0 -F803E07807E03807E03C0BE00E1BE003E3E00003E00003C00003C03807C07C07807C0700780F00 -383C001FF8000FE000131B7E9A18>I<00038000000380000007C0000007C0000007C000000FE0 -00000FE000001FF000001BF000001BF0000031F8000031F8000061FC000060FC0000E0FE0000C0 -7E0000C07E0001803F0001FFFF0003FFFF8003001F8003001F8006000FC006000FC00E000FE00C -0007E0FFC07FFEFFC07FFE1F1C7E9B24>65 DI<001FE02000FFF8E003F80FE007C003E00F80 -01E01F0000E03E0000E03E0000607E0000607C000060FC000000FC000000FC000000FC000000FC -000000FC000000FC000000FC0000007C0000607E0000603E0000603E0000C01F0000C00F800180 -07C0030003F80E0000FFFC00001FE0001B1C7D9B22>IIII<000FF008007FFE3801FC -07F807E001F80F8000781F0000783F0000383E0000387E0000187C000018FC000000FC000000FC -000000FC000000FC000000FC000000FC007FFFFC007FFF7C0001F87E0001F83E0001F83F0001F8 -1F0001F80F8001F807E001F801FC07F8007FFE78000FF818201C7D9B26>III75 DIII<003FE00001F07C0003C01E00 -0F800F801F0007C01E0003C03E0003E07E0003F07C0001F07C0001F0FC0001F8FC0001F8FC0001 -F8FC0001F8FC0001F8FC0001F8FC0001F8FC0001F87C0001F07E0003F07E0003F03E0003E03F00 -07E01F0007C00F800F8003C01E0001F07C00003FE0001D1C7D9B24>II82 D<07F8201FFEE03C07E07801E07000E0F0 -00E0F00060F00060F80000FE0000FFE0007FFE003FFF003FFF800FFFC007FFE0007FE00003F000 -01F00000F0C000F0C000F0C000E0E000E0F001C0FC03C0EFFF0083FC00141C7D9B1B>I<7FFFFF -E07FFFFFE0781F81E0701F80E0601F8060E01F8070C01F8030C01F8030C01F8030C01F8030001F -8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F800000 -1F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F800007FFFE0007FFFE001C1C7E9B21>I -I87 D<7FFE1FFE007FFE1FFE0007F001800003F803 -800001FC07000000FC06000000FE0C0000007F1C0000003F380000003FB00000001FE00000000F -E00000000FE000000007F000000003F800000007F80000000FFC0000000CFE000000187E000000 -387F000000703F800000601F800000C01FC00001C00FE000018007F000030007F000FFF03FFF80 -FFF03FFF80211C7F9B24>I<0FF8001C1E003E0F803E07803E07C01C07C00007C0007FC007E7C0 -1F07C03C07C07C07C0F807C0F807C0F807C0780BC03E13F80FE1F815127F9117>97 -DI<03FC000E0E001C1F003C1F00781F00780E00F80000F8 -0000F80000F80000F80000F800007800007801803C01801C03000E0E0003F80011127E9115>I< -000FF0000FF00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F001F9F00F07F0 -1C03F03C01F07801F07801F0F801F0F801F0F801F0F801F0F801F0F801F07801F07801F03C01F0 -1C03F00F0FFE03F9FE171D7E9C1B>I<01FC000F07001C03803C01C07801C07801E0F801E0F801 -E0FFFFE0F80000F80000F800007800007C00603C00601E00C00F038001FC0013127F9116>I<00 -7F0001E38003C7C00787C00F87C00F83800F80000F80000F80000F80000F8000FFF800FFF8000F -80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F -80007FF8007FF800121D809C0F>I<03F8F00E0F381E0F381C07303C07803C07803C07803C0780 -1C07001E0F000E0E001BF8001000001800001800001FFF001FFFC00FFFE01FFFF07801F8F00078 -F00078F000787000707800F01E03C007FF00151B7F9118>II<1E003F003F003F003F001E00000000000000000000000000FF00FF001F001F001F001F001F -001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F00FFE0FFE00B1E7F9D0E>I107 DIII<01FC -000F07801C01C03C01E07800F07800F0F800F8F800F8F800F8F800F8F800F8F800F87800F07800 -F03C01E01E03C00F078001FC0015127F9118>II114 D<1FD830786018E018E018F000FF807FE07FF01FF807FC007CC01CC0 -1CE01CE018F830CFC00E127E9113>I<0300030003000300070007000F000F003FFCFFFC1F001F -001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F0C1F0C1F0C1F0C0F08079803F00E1A7F9913>IIIIII123 D E /Fz 10 123 df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df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df<007E1F0001C1B1800303E3C00703C3C00E03C1800E01C0000E01C0000E01 -C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C000FFFFFC000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E -01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C000 -0E01C0007F87FC001A1D809C18>11 D<007E0001C1800301800703C00E03C00E01800E00000E00 -000E00000E00000E0000FFFFC00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01 -C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C07F87F8151D809C17>I<007FC001C1C003 -03C00703C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0FFFFC00E01C00E01C00E01C00E -01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C07F -CFF8151D809C17>I<003F07E00001C09C18000380F018000701F03C000E01E03C000E00E01800 -0E00E000000E00E000000E00E000000E00E000000E00E00000FFFFFFFC000E00E01C000E00E01C -000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E0 -1C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C007FC7FCFF80211D -809C23>I<003F07FC0001C0DC1C000381F03C000701F03C000E01E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C -000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C00FFFFFFFC000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E0 -1C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00 -E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C007FC7FCFF80211D809C23> -I<6060F0F0F8F86868080808080808101010102020404080800D0C7F9C15>34 -D<0F0000C0188001C030600380703807806027FF00E0100600E0100E00E0101C00E0101800E010 -3800E0103000E01070006020E0007020C0003041C000188380000F0303C000070620000E0C1000 -0C1C08001C18080038380400303804007038040060380400E0380401C038040180380403801808 -07001C0806000C100E0006200C0003C01E217E9E23>37 D<00E000000190000003080000030800 -00070800000708000007080000070800000710000007100000072000000740000003C03FE00380 -0F00038006000380040005C0040009C0080010E0100030E010006070200060702000E0384000E0 -3C4000E01C8000E00F0020E0070020700780403009C0401830E18007C03E001B1F7E9D20>I<60 -F0F8680808081010204080050C7C9C0C>I<004000800100020006000C000C0018001800300030 -007000600060006000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000600060006000 -700030003000180018000C000C00060002000100008000400A2A7D9E10>I<8000400020001000 -18000C000C000600060003000300038001800180018001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001 -C001C001C001C0018001800180038003000300060006000C000C00180010002000400080000A2A -7E9E10>I<00060000000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000000600000006 -000000060000000600000006000000060000FFFFFFE0FFFFFFE000060000000600000006000000 -060000000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000 -1B1C7E9720>43 D<60F0F0701010101020204080040C7C830C>II<60F0 -F06004047C830C>I<00030003000700060006000E000C001C0018001800380030003000700060 -006000E000C000C001C001800380030003000700060006000E000C000C001C0018001800380030 -00700060006000E000C000C00010297E9E15>I<03C00C301818300C300C700E60066006E007E0 -07E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E00760066006700E300C300C18180C3007E0 -101D7E9B15>I<030007003F00C700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700 -07000700070007000700070007000700070007000F80FFF80D1C7C9B15>I<07C01830201C400C -400EF00FF80FF807F8077007000F000E000E001C001C00380070006000C00180030006010C0118 -0110023FFE7FFEFFFE101C7E9B15>I<07E01830201C201C781E780E781E381E001C001C001800 -30006007E00030001C001C000E000F000F700FF80FF80FF80FF00E401C201C183007E0101D7E9B -15>I<000C00000C00001C00003C00003C00005C0000DC00009C00011C00031C00021C00041C00 -0C1C00081C00101C00301C00201C00401C00C01C00FFFFC0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00 -001C00001C0001FFC0121C7F9B15>I<300C3FF83FF03FC020002000200020002000200023E024 -302818301C200E000E000F000F000F600FF00FF00FF00F800E401E401C2038187007C0101D7E9B -15>I<00F0030C06040C0E181E301E300C700070006000E3E0E430E818F00CF00EE006E007E007 -E007E007E007600760077006300E300C18180C3003E0101D7E9B15>I<4000007FFF807FFF007F -FF0040020080040080040080080000100000100000200000600000400000C00000C00001C00001 -800001800003800003800003800003800007800007800007800007800007800007800003000011 -1D7E9B15>I<03E00C301008200C20066006600660067006780C3E083FB01FE007F007F818FC30 -7E601E600FC007C003C003C003C00360026004300C1C1007E0101D7E9B15>I<03C00C30181830 -0C700C600EE006E006E007E007E007E007E0076007700F300F18170C2707C700060006000E300C -780C78187010203030C00F80101D7E9B15>I<60F0F0600000000000000000000060F0F0600412 -7C910C>I<60F0F0600000000000000000000060F0F0701010101020204080041A7C910C>I<7FFF -FFC0FFFFFFE00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000FF -FFFFE07FFFFFC01B0C7E8F20>61 D<0FE03038401CE00EF00EF00EF00E000C001C0030006000C0 -008001800100010001000100010001000000000000000000000003000780078003000F1D7E9C14 ->63 D<000600000006000000060000000F0000000F0000000F0000001780000017800000178000 -0023C0000023C0000023C0000041E0000041E0000041E0000080F0000080F0000180F800010078 -0001FFF80003007C0002003C0002003C0006003E0004001E0004001E000C001F001E001F00FF80 -FFF01C1D7F9C1F>65 DI<001F808000E061800180198007000780 -0E0003801C0003801C00018038000180780000807800008070000080F0000000F0000000F00000 -00F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000700000807800008078000080380000801C00 -01001C0001000E000200070004000180080000E03000001FC000191E7E9C1E>IIII<001F808000E0618001801980070007800E -0003801C0003801C00018038000180780000807800008070000080F0000000F0000000F0000000 -F0000000F0000000F0000000F000FFF0F0000F80700007807800078078000780380007801C0007 -801C0007800E00078007000B800180118000E06080001F80001C1E7E9C21>III<1FFF00F800780078007800780078007800780078 -007800780078007800780078007800780078007800787078F878F878F878F0F040E021C01F0010 -1D7F9B15>IIIII<003F800000E0E0000380380007001C000E000E001C0007003C -00078038000380780003C0780003C0700001C0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0 -F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0700001C0780003C0780003C0380003803C0007801C0007000E000E -0007001C000380380000E0E000003F80001B1E7E9C20>II<003F -800000E0E0000380380007001C000E000E001C0007003C00078038000380780003C0780003C070 -0001C0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0700001C0 -780003C0780003C0380003803C0E07801C1107000E208E0007205C0003A0780000F0E020003FE0 -200000602000003060000038E000003FC000003FC000001F8000000F001B257E9C20>II<07E0801C1980300580700380600180E00180E00080E00080E00080F00000F800007C0000 -7FC0003FF8001FFE0007FF0000FF80000F800007C00003C00001C08001C08001C08001C0C00180 -C00180E00300D00200CC0C0083F800121E7E9C17>I<7FFFFFC0700F01C0600F00C0400F004040 -0F0040C00F0020800F0020800F0020800F0020000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000 -000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F00 -00000F0000000F0000001F800003FFFC001B1C7F9B1E>IIII<7FF0FFC00FC03E -000780180003C0180003E0100001E0200001F0600000F0400000788000007D8000003D0000001E -0000001F0000000F0000000F8000000F80000013C0000023E0000021E0000041F00000C0F80000 -80780001007C0003003C0002001E0006001F001F003F80FFC0FFF01C1C7F9B1F>II<7FFFF0 -7C01F07001E06003C06003C0400780400F80400F00401E00001E00003C00007C0000780000F000 -00F00001E00003E00003C0100780100780100F00101F00301E00203C00203C00607800E0F803E0 -FFFFE0141C7E9B19>II<08081010202040404040808080808080B0B0F8F8 -787830300D0C7A9C15>II<1FC000307000783800781C00301C00001C0000 -1C0001FC000F1C00381C00701C00601C00E01C40E01C40E01C40603C40304E801F870012127E91 -15>97 DI<07E00C301878307870306000E000E000E000E0 -00E000E00060007004300418080C3007C00E127E9112>I<003F00000700000700000700000700 -00070000070000070000070000070000070003E7000C1700180F00300700700700600700E00700 -E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700600700700700300700180F000C370007C7E0131D7E9C17> -I<03E00C301818300C700E6006E006FFFEE000E000E000E00060007002300218040C1803E00F12 -7F9112>I<00F8018C071E061E0E0C0E000E000E000E000E000E00FFE00E000E000E000E000E00 -0E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E007FE00F1D809C0D>I<00038003C4C00C38 -C01C3880181800381C00381C00381C00381C001818001C38000C300013C0001000003000001800 -001FF8001FFF001FFF803003806001C0C000C0C000C0C000C06001803003001C0E0007F800121C -7F9215>II<18003C003C00180000000000000000000000 -00000000FC001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00FF -80091D7F9C0C>I<00C001E001E000C000000000000000000000000000000FE000E000E000E000 -E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E060E0F0C0F1C0 -61803E000B25839C0D>IIIII<03F0000E1C00180600300300700380600180E001C0E001 -C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C06001807003803003001806000E1C0003F00012127F9115>II<03C1000C3300180B00300F00700700700700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700 -E00700600700700700300F00180F000C370007C700000700000700000700000700000700000700 -000700003FE0131A7E9116>II<1F9030704030C010C010E010F8007F803FE00FF000F8 -80388018C018C018E010D0608FC00D127F9110>I<04000400040004000C000C001C003C00FFE0 -1C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C101C101C101C101C100C100E2003C00C1A7F9910 ->IIII<7F8FF00F03800F030007020003840001C80001D80000F00000700000780000 -F800009C00010E00020E000607000403801E07C0FF0FF81512809116>II<7FFC -70386038407040F040E041C003C0038007000F040E041C043C0C380870087038FFF80E127F9112 ->III E /FC 27 119 -df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df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df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df45 D<000001E00000000003F0000000000FF0000000003FF0 -00000000FFF00000000FFFF0000003FFFFF00000FFFFFFF00000FFFFFFF00000FFFFFFF00000FF -F0FFF00000FC00FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF0 -00000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF0000000 -00FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF0 -00000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF0000000 -00FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF0 -00000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF0000000 -00FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF0 -00000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF0000000 -00FFF000003FFFFFFFFFC03FFFFFFFFFC03FFFFFFFFFC03FFFFFFFFFC03FFFFFFFFFC02A4478C3 -3B>49 D<0000000003E000000000000000000007F000000000000000000007F000000000000000 -00000FF80000000000000000000FF80000000000000000000FF80000000000000000001FFC0000 -000000000000001FFC0000000000000000003FFE0000000000000000003FFE0000000000000000 -007FFF0000000000000000007FFF0000000000000000007FFF000000000000000000FFFF800000 -000000000000FFFF800000000000000001FFFFC00000000000000001FFFFC00000000000000001 -FFFFC00000000000000003FFFFE00000000000000003EFFFE00000000000000007EFFFF0000000 -0000000007CFFFF00000000000000007C7FFF0000000000000000FC7FFF8000000000000000F83 -FFF8000000000000001F83FFFC000000000000001F03FFFC000000000000001F01FFFC00000000 -0000003F01FFFE000000000000003E00FFFE000000000000007E00FFFF000000000000007C007F -FF00000000000000FC007FFF80000000000000F8007FFF80000000000000F8003FFF8000000000 -0001F8003FFFC0000000000001F0001FFFC0000000000003F0001FFFE0000000000003E0001FFF -E0000000000003E0000FFFE0000000000007E0000FFFF0000000000007C00007FFF00000000000 -0FC00007FFF800000000000F800007FFF800000000000F800003FFF800000000001F800003FFFC -00000000001F000001FFFC00000000003FFFFFFFFFFE00000000003FFFFFFFFFFE00000000007F -FFFFFFFFFF00000000007FFFFFFFFFFF00000000007FFFFFFFFFFF0000000000FC0000007FFF80 -00000000F80000003FFF8000000001F80000003FFFC000000001F00000003FFFC000000001F000 -00001FFFC000000003F00000001FFFE000000003E00000000FFFE000000007E00000000FFFF000 -000007C00000000FFFF000000007C000000007FFF00000000FC000000007FFF80000000F800000 -0003FFF80000001F8000000003FFFC0000001F0000000003FFFC0000007FC000000001FFFC0000 -FFFFFFC00007FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFC00007FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFC00007FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFC00007 -FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFC00007FFFFFFFF8051487CC75A>65 D<000000003FFE00000E0000000FFFFF -C0001E0000007FFFFFF8003E000003FFFFFFFE00FE00000FFFFFFFFF81FE00003FFFF800FFC3FE -0000FFFF80000FF7FE0001FFFC000003FFFE0007FFF0000001FFFE000FFFC00000007FFE001FFF -800000003FFE003FFF000000001FFE007FFE000000000FFE00FFFC0000000007FE01FFF8000000 -0007FE03FFF00000000003FE03FFF00000000001FE07FFE00000000001FE07FFE00000000000FE -0FFFC00000000000FE0FFFC000000000007E1FFFC000000000007E1FFF8000000000007E3FFF80 -00000000007E3FFF8000000000003E3FFF8000000000003E7FFF8000000000003E7FFF00000000 -00003E7FFF000000000000007FFF00000000000000FFFF00000000000000FFFF00000000000000 -FFFF00000000000000FFFF00000000000000FFFF00000000000000FFFF00000000000000FFFF00 -000000000000FFFF00000000000000FFFF00000000000000FFFF00000000000000FFFF00000000 -000000FFFF00000000000000FFFF000000000000007FFF000000000000007FFF00000000000000 -7FFF000000000000007FFF8000000000003E3FFF8000000000003E3FFF8000000000003E3FFF80 -00000000003E1FFF8000000000003E1FFFC000000000003E0FFFC000000000007C0FFFC0000000 -00007C07FFE000000000007C07FFE00000000000F803FFF00000000000F803FFF00000000001F8 -01FFF80000000001F000FFFC0000000003E0007FFE0000000007E0003FFF000000000FC0001FFF -800000001F80000FFFC00000003F000007FFF0000000FE000001FFFC000001FC000000FFFF8000 -0FF80000003FFFF8007FF00000000FFFFFFFFFC000000003FFFFFFFF00000000007FFFFFFC0000 -0000000FFFFFE00000000000003FFE000000474979C756>67 DI70 D72 DI76 DI<00000003FFF0000000000000007FFFFF8000 -0000000003FFFFFFF000000000000FFFFFFFFC00000000003FFF807FFF0000000000FFF80007FF -C000000003FFE00001FFF000000007FFC00000FFF80000000FFF0000003FFC0000001FFE000000 -1FFE0000003FFC0000000FFF0000007FFC0000000FFF800000FFF800000007FFC00001FFF00000 -0003FFE00003FFF000000003FFF00003FFE000000001FFF00007FFE000000001FFF80007FFC000 -000000FFF8000FFFC000000000FFFC000FFFC000000000FFFC001FFF80000000007FFE001FFF80 -000000007FFE003FFF80000000007FFF003FFF80000000007FFF003FFF80000000007FFF007FFF -00000000003FFF807FFF00000000003FFF807FFF00000000003FFF807FFF00000000003FFF807F -FF00000000003FFF80FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0 -FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFF -C0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003F -FFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC07FFF0000000000 -3FFF807FFF00000000003FFF807FFF80000000007FFF807FFF80000000007FFF803FFF80000000 -007FFF003FFF80000000007FFF003FFF80000000007FFF001FFFC000000000FFFE001FFFC00000 -0000FFFE001FFFC000000000FFFE000FFFE000000001FFFC000FFFE000000001FFFC0007FFE000 -000001FFF80003FFF000000003FFF00003FFF800000007FFF00001FFF800000007FFE00000FFFC -0000000FFFC000007FFE0000001FFF8000007FFF0000003FFF8000003FFF8000007FFF0000000F -FFC00000FFFC00000007FFF00003FFF800000003FFFC000FFFF000000000FFFF807FFFC0000000 -007FFFFFFFFF80000000000FFFFFFFFC000000000003FFFFFFF00000000000007FFFFF80000000 -00000003FFF0000000004A4979C759>79 D -I82 D<00007FF00007000007FFFF000F00001FFFFF -C01F00007FFFFFF03F0000FFFFFFFC7F0003FFC00FFEFF0007FE0000FFFF0007FC00003FFF000F -F000001FFF001FF0000007FF001FE0000003FF003FE0000001FF003FC0000001FF007FC0000000 -FF007FC00000007F007FC00000007F00FFC00000003F00FFC00000003F00FFC00000003F00FFE0 -0000003F00FFE00000001F00FFF00000001F00FFF80000001F00FFFC0000001F00FFFF00000000 -007FFFC0000000007FFFFE000000007FFFFFE00000003FFFFFFF0000003FFFFFFFF000001FFFFF -FFFC00001FFFFFFFFF00000FFFFFFFFFC00007FFFFFFFFE00007FFFFFFFFF00003FFFFFFFFF800 -00FFFFFFFFFC00007FFFFFFFFE00003FFFFFFFFE00000FFFFFFFFF000001FFFFFFFF0000003FFF -FFFF80000001FFFFFF800000000FFFFFC000000000FFFFC0000000001FFFC0000000000FFFE000 -00000007FFE00000000003FFE07800000001FFE0F800000000FFE0F800000000FFE0F800000000 -7FE0F8000000007FE0F8000000007FE0FC000000007FE0FC000000007FC0FC000000007FC0FE00 -0000007FC0FE000000007F80FF00000000FF80FF80000000FF80FFC0000000FF00FFE0000001FE -00FFF8000003FE00FFFE000007FC00FFFF80000FF800FFFFFC007FF000FE3FFFFFFFE000FC0FFF -FFFF8000F803FFFFFF0000F0007FFFF80000E00003FFC00000334979C742>I<3FFFFFFFFFFFFF -FFFF003FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF003FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF003FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF003FFFFFFFFFFF -FFFFFF003FFF0003FFF8003FFF007FF80003FFF80007FF807FE00003FFF80001FF807FC00003FF -F80000FF807F800003FFF800007F807F000003FFF800003F807F000003FFF800003F807E000003 -FFF800001F807E000003FFF800001F807E000003FFF800000F807C000003FFF800000F807C0000 -03FFF800000F807C000003FFF800000F807C000003FFF800000F80FC000003FFF800000FC0F800 -0003FFF8000007C0F8000003FFF8000007C0F8000003FFF8000007C0F8000003FFF8000007C0F8 -000003FFF8000007C000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF800000000 -00000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF8000000 -0000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000 -000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF800 -00000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF8 -0000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FF -F80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003 -FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF800000000000000 -03FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF8000000000000 -0003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000 -000003FFF80000000000000003FFF8000000000003FFFFFFFFFFF800000003FFFFFFFFFFF80000 -0003FFFFFFFFFFF800000003FFFFFFFFFFF800000003FFFFFFFFFFF800004A467CC553>I<0007 -FFFC000000007FFFFFC0000001FFFFFFF8000003FFFFFFFE000007FE001FFF000007FF0003FFC0 -000FFF8001FFE0000FFF8000FFF0000FFF80007FF0000FFF80007FF8000FFF80007FF80007FF00 -003FFC0007FF00003FFC0003FE00003FFC0000F800003FFC00000000003FFC00000000003FFC00 -000000003FFC00000000003FFC00000007FFFFFC000000FFFFFFFC000007FFFFFFFC00003FFFE0 -3FFC0000FFFE003FFC0003FFF0003FFC0007FFC0003FFC000FFF00003FFC001FFE00003FFC003F -FC00003FFC007FF800003FFC007FF800003FFC00FFF000003FFC00FFF000003FFC00FFF000003F -FC00FFF000003FFC00FFF000003FFC00FFF000007FFC007FF80000FFFC007FF80001EFFC003FFC -0003EFFC003FFF0007CFFF000FFFC03F8FFFF807FFFFFF07FFFC01FFFFFC03FFFC007FFFF001FF -FC0003FF80007FF8362E7DAD3A>97 D<007FC00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC000000000 -00FFFFC00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC0000000000003FFC0000000000001FFC0000000 -000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC00000 -00000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC000 -0000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0 -000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC00FFC00000001FF -C07FFFC0000001FFC3FFFFF0000001FFCFFFFFFC000001FFDFF00FFF000001FFFF8003FF800001 -FFFE0001FFC00001FFF800007FE00001FFF000007FF00001FFE000003FF80001FFE000001FFC00 -01FFE000001FFC0001FFE000001FFE0001FFE000001FFE0001FFE000000FFF0001FFE000000FFF -0001FFE000000FFF0001FFE000000FFF0001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000F -FF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE00000 -0FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF0001FFE000000FFF0001FFE000 -000FFF0001FFE000001FFE0001FFE000001FFE0001FFE000001FFC0001FFE000001FFC0001FFE0 -00003FF80001FFF000003FF80001FFF800007FF00001FFFC0000FFE00001FFFE0001FFC00001FF -BF0007FF800001FF1FE01FFE000001FE0FFFFFFC000001FC03FFFFF0000001F800FFFF80000001 -F0001FF800000039487CC742>I<00001FFFC0000000FFFFF8000007FFFFFE00001FFFFFFF8000 -7FFC00FFC000FFE001FFC001FFC003FFE003FF8003FFE007FF0003FFE00FFE0003FFE00FFE0003 -FFE01FFC0001FFC01FFC0001FFC03FFC0000FF803FFC00003E007FF8000000007FF8000000007F -F800000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF80000 -0000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF8000000007FF8000000007FF8000000007F -FC000000003FFC000000003FFC000000001FFC000000F81FFE000000F80FFE000000F80FFF0000 -01F007FF800003F003FFC00007E001FFE0000FC000FFF0001F80007FFE00FF00001FFFFFFE0000 -07FFFFF8000000FFFFE00000001FFE00002D2E7CAD35>I<00000000007FC00000000000FFFFC0 -0000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC0000000000003FF -C0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001 -FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC00000000000 -01FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC000000000 -0001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000 -0FFC01FFC0000000FFFF81FFC0000007FFFFE1FFC000001FFFFFF9FFC000007FFC03FFFFC00000 -FFF0007FFFC00001FFC0001FFFC00003FF80000FFFC00007FF000007FFC0000FFE000003FFC000 -0FFE000003FFC0001FFC000003FFC0001FFC000003FFC0003FFC000003FFC0003FFC000003FFC0 -007FF8000003FFC0007FF8000003FFC0007FF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FF -C000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003 -FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC0007FF8000003FFC0007FF80000 -03FFC0007FF8000003FFC0003FF8000003FFC0003FFC000003FFC0003FFC000003FFC0001FFC00 -0003FFC0001FFC000003FFC0000FFE000007FFC00007FF00000FFFC00003FF00001FFFC00001FF -C0003FFFC00000FFE000FFFFE000007FF807FBFFFF80001FFFFFF3FFFF800007FFFFC3FFFF8000 -01FFFF03FFFF8000001FF803FFFF8039487CC742>I<00001FFE00000001FFFFE0000007FFFFF8 -00001FFFFFFE00007FFC07FF0000FFE001FF8001FFC0007FC003FF80003FE007FF00003FF00FFE -00001FF01FFE00000FF81FFC00000FF83FFC00000FFC3FFC000007FC7FFC000007FC7FF8000007 -FC7FF8000007FE7FF8000007FEFFF8000007FEFFF8000007FEFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFF -FFFFFFFEFFFFFFFFFFFCFFF800000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF8000000007FF8000000 -007FF8000000007FFC000000003FFC000000003FFC000000003FFC0000001C1FFE0000003E0FFE -0000003E07FF0000007E07FF000000FC03FF800001F801FFC00003F0007FF0001FE0003FFE00FF -C0001FFFFFFF800007FFFFFE000000FFFFF80000000FFF80002F2E7DAD36>I<000000FFC00000 -0007FFF80000003FFFFC000000FFFFFF000001FFC1FF000007FF03FF80000FFC03FF80000FF807 -FFC0001FF807FFC0003FF007FFC0003FF007FFC0003FE003FF80007FE003FF80007FE001FF0000 -7FE000FE00007FE0003800007FE0000000007FE0000000007FE0000000007FE0000000007FE000 -0000007FE0000000007FE0000000007FE0000000007FE0000000007FE0000000FFFFFFFE0000FF -FFFFFE0000FFFFFFFE0000FFFFFFFE0000FFFFFFFE0000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF000 -0000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF000000000 -7FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF000 -0000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF000000000 -7FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF000 -0000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF000000000 -7FF00000003FFFFFF800003FFFFFF800003FFFFFF800003FFFFFF800003FFFFFF800002A487DC7 -24>I<00000000001F8000007FF000FFE00007FFFF03FFF0001FFFFFC7FFF0007FFFFFFFC7F800 -FFE03FFE0FF801FF800FFC0FF803FF0007FE0FF807FE0003FF07F007FE0003FF07F00FFC0001FF -81C00FFC0001FF80000FFC0001FF80001FFC0001FFC0001FFC0001FFC0001FFC0001FFC0001FFC -0001FFC0001FFC0001FFC0001FFC0001FFC0000FFC0001FF80000FFC0001FF80000FFC0001FF80 -0007FE0003FF000007FE0003FF000003FF0007FE000001FF800FFC000000FFE03FF8000001FFFF -FFF0000001DFFFFFC0000003C7FFFF00000003C07FF000000007C0000000000007C00000000000 -07C0000000000007C0000000000007E0000000000007F0000000000007F8000000000007FFFFFF -F0000007FFFFFFFF000003FFFFFFFFE00003FFFFFFFFF80001FFFFFFFFFE0001FFFFFFFFFF0000 -FFFFFFFFFF80007FFFFFFFFF8003FFFFFFFFFFC00FFFFFFFFFFFC01FF800001FFFE03FE0000001 -FFE07FC00000007FF07FC00000003FF0FF800000001FF0FF800000001FF0FF800000001FF0FF80 -0000001FF0FF800000001FF07FC00000003FE07FC00000003FE03FE00000007FC03FF0000000FF -C01FFC000003FF800FFF00000FFF0003FFF000FFFC0000FFFFFFFFF000003FFFFFFFC0000007FF -FFFE000000003FFFC0000035447DAE3B>I<007FC00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC00000 -000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC0000000000003FFC0000000000001FFC000 -0000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0 -000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FF -C0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001 -FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC001FFC00000 -01FFC00FFFF8000001FFC03FFFFE000001FFC0FFFFFF000001FFC1FC07FF800001FFC3E003FFC0 -0001FFC7C001FFC00001FFCF0001FFE00001FFDE0000FFE00001FFDC0000FFE00001FFFC0000FF -F00001FFF80000FFF00001FFF00000FFF00001FFF00000FFF00001FFF00000FFF00001FFE00000 -FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE000 -00FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE0 -0000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FF -E00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001 -FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF000 -01FFE00000FFF000FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0FFFFFFC07FFFFF -E0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03B487CC742>I<00FC0001FF0003FF8007FFC00FFFC01FFFE01FFFE01FFF -E01FFFE01FFFE01FFFE00FFFC007FFC003FF8001FF0000FC000000000000000000000000000000 -00000000000000000000000000000000000000007FC0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC003FF -C001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FF -C001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FF -C001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF -FF18497CC820>I<007FC000FFFFC000FFFFC000FFFFC000FFFFC000FFFFC00003FFC00001FFC0 -0001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FF -C00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001 -FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC000 -01FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC0 -0001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FF -C00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001 -FFC000FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF8019487CC720>108 -D<007FC001FFC00000FFE00000FFFFC00FFFF80007FFFC0000FFFFC03FFFFE001FFFFF0000FFFF -C0FFFFFF007FFFFF8000FFFFC1FC07FF80FE03FFC000FFFFC3E003FFC1F001FFE00003FFC7C001 -FFC3E000FFE00001FFCF0001FFE78000FFF00001FFDE0000FFEF00007FF00001FFDC0000FFEE00 -007FF00001FFFC0000FFFE00007FF80001FFF80000FFFC00007FF80001FFF00000FFF800007FF8 -0001FFF00000FFF800007FF80001FFF00000FFF800007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FF -E00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000 -FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000 -007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF8 -0001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FF -E00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000 -FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000 -007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF8 -0001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF800FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03FFFFFF0FFFF -FFC07FFFFFE03FFFFFF0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03FFFFFF0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03FFFFFF0FFFFFFC07F -FFFFE03FFFFFF05C2E7CAD65>I<007FC001FFC00000FFFFC00FFFF80000FFFFC03FFFFE0000FF -FFC0FFFFFF0000FFFFC1FC07FF8000FFFFC3E003FFC00003FFC7C001FFC00001FFCF0001FFE000 -01FFDE0000FFE00001FFDC0000FFE00001FFFC0000FFF00001FFF80000FFF00001FFF00000FFF0 -0001FFF00000FFF00001FFF00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FF -F00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000 -FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE000 -00FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE0 -0000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FF -E00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF000FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0FF -FFFFC07FFFFFE0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03B2E7CAD42>I<00 -000FFF0000000000FFFFF000000007FFFFFE0000001FFFFFFF8000003FFC03FFC00000FFE0007F -F00001FF80001FF80003FF00000FFC0007FE000007FE000FFE000007FF000FFC000003FF001FFC -000003FF803FFC000003FFC03FF8000001FFC03FF8000001FFC07FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FF -E07FF8000001FFE0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF800 -0001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0 -7FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FFE03FFC000003FFC03FFC0000 -03FFC01FFC000003FF801FFE000007FF800FFE000007FF0007FF00000FFE0003FF80001FFC0001 -FFC0003FF80000FFE0007FF000007FFC03FFE000001FFFFFFF80000007FFFFFE00000000FFFFF0 -000000000FFF000000342E7DAD3B>I<00FF803F8000FFFF80FFF000FFFF83FFFC00FFFF87FFFE -00FFFF8FC3FF00FFFF8F07FF0003FF9E0FFF8001FFBC0FFF8001FFB80FFF8001FFF80FFF8001FF -F00FFF8001FFF007FF0001FFF007FF0001FFE003FE0001FFE000F80001FFE000000001FFE00000 -0001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FF -C000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC00000 -0001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FF -C000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC0000000FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE000 -00FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE00000292E7CAD31>114 D<000FFF00E0007FFFF3E001 -FFFFFFE007FFFFFFE00FF800FFE01FC0001FE03F80000FE03F000007E07F000003E07F000003E0 -FF000003E0FF000003E0FF800003E0FFC0000000FFF0000000FFFE000000FFFFF800007FFFFFC0 -007FFFFFF0003FFFFFFC001FFFFFFF000FFFFFFF8007FFFFFFC003FFFFFFE000FFFFFFF0003FFF -FFF00003FFFFF800001FFFF8000000FFFC0000001FFC7800000FFCF8000007FCF8000003FCFC00 -0003FCFC000003FCFE000003F8FE000003F8FF000003F8FF800007F0FFC0000FF0FFF0001FE0FF -FC00FFC0FFFFFFFF80FC7FFFFE00F81FFFF800E003FF8000262E7CAD2F>I<0001F000000001F0 -00000001F000000001F000000001F000000001F000000003F000000003F000000003F000000007 -F000000007F000000007F00000000FF00000000FF00000001FF00000003FF00000003FF0000000 -7FF0000001FFF0000003FFF000000FFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC0 -00FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF000 -0000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0 -000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FF -F001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000 -FFF001F0007FF001E0007FF803E0003FF803E0003FFC07C0001FFE0F80000FFFFF800007FFFE00 -0001FFFC0000001FF00024427EC12E>I<007FE000003FF000FFFFE0007FFFF000FFFFE0007FFF -F000FFFFE0007FFFF000FFFFE0007FFFF000FFFFE0007FFFF00003FFE00001FFF00001FFE00000 -FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE000 -00FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE0 -0000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FF -E00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001 -FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF000 -01FFE00000FFF00001FFE00001FFF00001FFE00001FFF00001FFE00001FFF00001FFE00003FFF0 -0000FFE00007FFF00000FFE0000F7FF000007FE0001F7FF000007FF0003E7FF800003FFC00FC7F -FFE0001FFFFFF87FFFE00007FFFFE07FFFE00001FFFF807FFFE000003FFE007FFFE03B2E7CAD42 ->II<7FFFFFC000FFFF807FFFFFC000FFFF807FFFFFC0 -00FFFF807FFFFFC000FFFF807FFFFFC000FFFF8000FFF000000FE00000FFF800000FC00000FFF8 -00000FC000007FFC00000F8000007FFC00001F8000003FFC00001F0000003FFE00003F0000001F -FE00003E0000001FFF00007E0000000FFF00007C0000000FFF8000FC00000007FF8000F8000000 -07FFC001F800000003FFC001F000000003FFE003F000000003FFE003F000000001FFF003E00000 -0001FFF007E000000000FFF007C000000000FFF80FC0000000007FF80F80000000007FFC1F8000 -0000003FFC1F00000000003FFE3F00000000001FFE3E00000000001FFF7E00000000000FFF7C00 -000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC000000000007FFF8000000000007FFF8000000000003FFF0 -000000000003FFF0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000000FFC0000000000000FF -C00000000000007F800000000000007F800000000000003F000000000000003F00000000000000 -3F000000000000003E000000000000007E000000000000007C00000000000000FC000000001F80 -00F8000000003FC001F8000000007FE001F000000000FFF003F000000000FFF003E000000000FF -F007E000000000FFF00FC000000000FFF01F8000000000FFF03F80000000007FE07F0000000000 -7F43FE00000000003FFFF800000000001FFFF0000000000007FFC0000000000001FE0000000000 -0039427EAD3F>121 D E end -%%EndProlog -%%BeginSetup -%%Feature: *Resolution 300dpi -TeXDict begin - -%%EndSetup -%%Page: 1 1 -1 0 bop 618 505 a FF(TO)m(AD)974 496 y(-)1007 505 y(1)40 b(System)205 -637 y(Arc)m(hitecture)g(Reference)i(Man)m(ual)780 827 y @beginspecial -@setspecial -%%BeginDocument: xkllogo.ps -gsave % preserve starting point - 72 1000 div dup scale - /AvantGarde-Book findfont - 120 scalefont setfont - /vhght 600 def % distance from start to bottom of gray box - /vsz 450 def % size of bounding box for "XKL" - /hsz 1800 def - 1 1.25 scale % REG stretch vertically - 0 0 translate % move coordinate origin to here - 2 setlinecap % we want square strokes - 0 setlinejoin % and mitered corners - 0 vhght neg translate % Change origin to bottom left of gray box - 0.92 setgray % to draw (pale) background box - newpath - -10 -10 moveto % REG was 0 0 - 0 20 vsz add rlineto % was 0 vsz rlineto - 20 hsz add 0 rlineto % was hsz 0 rlineto - 0 20 vsz add neg rlineto % was 0 vsz neg - 20 hsz add neg 0 rlineto %return to origin - fill - 0 0 moveto % make sure currentpoint is defined - 1 setgray % make the letters white - 160 setlinewidth - /vhalf vsz 2 div def - newpath - 130 setlinewidth % diagonals need to be a bit narrower because of scale - 85 -20 moveto %start of X - 88 vsz add 40 vsz add rlineto - 85 vsz 20 add moveto - 88 vsz add vsz 40 add neg rlineto - stroke - newpath - 160 setlinewidth - 795 0 moveto % start of `K' - 0 vsz rlineto - stroke - newpath - 130 setlinewidth % make diagonals a bit narrower - 1260 -20 moveto - vhalf 60 add neg vhalf 20 add rlineto - vhalf 60 add vhalf 20 add rlineto - stroke - newpath - 1880 20 moveto % start of `L' - 160 setlinewidth - vsz neg 0 rlineto - 0 -20 rmoveto - 0 vsz rlineto - stroke % Make the letters white - - 0 setgray % make top line black - 52 setlinewidth % equivalent to width 65 after stretch - % Note: when you fiddle the linewidth, you affect - % the line length - newpath - 11.5 vhght 89 sub moveto - hsz 23 sub 0 rlineto - 11.5 -141 moveto - hsz 23 sub 0 rlineto - stroke - - 0.92 setgray % to draw (pale) background boundary - 10 setlinewidth - newpath - -10 -10 moveto % start a little outside the old box - 0 20 vsz add rlineto % up the left side - 20 hsz add 0 rlineto % right across the top - 0 20 vsz add neg rlineto % down the right edge - 20 hsz add neg 0 rlineto % left across the bottom to origin - stroke - - 1 0.8 scale % REG shrink vertically. Restore 1:1 aspect ratio - - 0.92 setgray % pale gray line in which to put the lights - 80 setlinewidth - newpath - 25 -82 moveto - hsz 50 sub 0 rlineto - stroke % light bar - 0 -82 moveto % Here is where we emit the lamps - /lh 8#254200 def % this is the magic number for JRST 4 - /rh 8#545443 def % this is the magic number for 'LLC' - /rad 20 def - /spc 50 def - /spc2 spc 2 div def - /lamp { currentpoint translate - newpath - spc2 rad add 0 moveto - spc2 0 rad 0 360 arc % draw a circle - } def - 1 setlinewidth % narrow line for these tiny circles - 0 setgray - /tmp lh def - 1 1 2 {pop % double loop, since 36 bits .gt. 32 - 1 1 18 {pop - gsave % save current position - lamp - tmp 8#400000 and 0 eq % test MSB - {gsave - 1 setgray - fill - grestore - stroke } - {fill} ifelse % and light it if bit was on - grestore - spc 0 rmoveto % move right - /tmp tmp dup add 8#777777 and def} - for - /tmp rh def} - for -grestore -%%EndDocument - @endspecial 423 1217 a FE(sp)q(ecial)16 b(purp)q(ose)h(computer)e(design,)h -(man)o(ufacturing,)f(and)i(sales)909 1365 y FD(XKL)k FC(LLC)748 -1448 y(8420)f(154th)g(Av)n(en)n(ue)f(NE)679 1531 y(Redmond,)f(W)-5 -b(ashington)25 b FE(98052)600 1598 y(\()619 1602 y(425)691 -1598 y(\))719 1602 y(869-9050)161 b(F)-5 b(AX:)1194 1598 y(\()1213 -1602 y(425)1285 1598 y(\))1313 1602 y(861-7863)527 1837 y FB(All)13 -b(material)f(con)o(tained)i(herein)h(is)e(proprietary)i(to)e(XKL)i -FA(LLC)p FB(.)221 1922 y(Prin)o(ted)f(copies)h(of)e(this)h(man)o(ual)d(often) -j(omit)e(Chapter)j(4,)e(the)h(description)h(of)e(the)i(older)e(pro)q -(cessors.)809 2158 y(P)o(art)h(Num)o(b)q(er)f(50103{00001)945 -2244 y(Revision)g(03)895 2479 y(Jan)o(uary)h(13,)f(1999)p eop -%%Page: 2 2 -2 1 bop 0 50 a FB(ii)0 195 y(Cop)o(yrigh)o(t)207 194 y(c)195 -195 y Fz(\015)o FB(1995,)13 b(1996,)f(1997)h(XKL)h FA(LLC)p -FB(.)0 281 y(This)d(do)q(cumen)o(t)g(con)o(tains)g(information)d(whic)o(h)j -(is)g(protected)i(b)o(y)e(cop)o(yrigh)o(t.)17 b(All)10 b(righ)o(ts)h(are)h -(reserv)o(ed.)19 b(Repro-)0 330 y(duction,)12 b(adaptation,)f(or)h -(translation)f(without)h(prior)g(written)g(p)q(ermission)f(is)h(prohibited,)g -(except)h(as)f(allo)o(w)o(ed)0 380 y(under)j(the)f(cop)o(yrigh)o(t)g(la)o -(ws.)0 466 y Fy(Restricted)k(Righ)o(ts)h(Legend.)31 b FB(Use,)20 -b(duplication,)d(or)i(disclosure)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(United)g(States)g(Go)o(v)o -(ernmen)o(t)0 516 y(is)g(sub)r(ject)h(to)f(restrictions)h(as)f(set)h(forth)e -(in)h(subparagraph)g(\(c\)\(1\)\(ii\))g(of)f(the)i(Righ)o(ts)e(in)g(T)m(ec)o -(hnical)h(Data)0 565 y(and)e(Computer)f(Soft)o(w)o(are)h(clause)h(at)e(DF)-5 -b(ARS)17 b(252.227{7013)d(for)j(Departmen)o(t)f(of)h(Defense)h(agencies,)g -(and)0 615 y(subparagraphs)d(\(c\)\(1\))f(and)g(\(c\)\(2\))h(of)e(the)i -(Commercial)c(Computer)i(Soft)o(w)o(are)h(Restricted)h(Righ)o(ts)f(clause)g -(at)0 665 y(F)-5 b(AR)14 b(52.227{19)d(for)j(other)g(agencies.)p -104 738 1588 2 v 104 1438 2 701 v 781 820 a Fx(W)-5 b(arran)n(t)n(y)209 -895 y FB(The)13 b(information)c(in)j(this)g(publication)f(is)h(sub)r(ject)h -(to)f(c)o(hange)h(without)f(notice.)17 b(The)209 945 y(information)c(con)o -(tained)j(herein)g(should)f(not)h(b)q(e)g(construed)h(as)f(a)f(commitm)o(en)o -(t)e(b)o(y)209 995 y(XKL)h FA(LLC)p FB(.)209 1080 y Fy(XKL)g -FA(LLC)g Fy(mak)o(es)f(no)g(w)o(arran)o(t)o(y)f(of)h(an)o(y)g(kind)g(with)f -(regard)h(to)g(this)e(mate-)209 1130 y(rial,)16 b(includin)o(g,)f(but)h(not)g -(limited)e(to,)j(the)f(implied)e(w)o(arran)o(ties)h(of)i(mer-)209 -1180 y(c)o(han)o(tabili)o(t)n(y)c(and)j(\014tness)e(for)h(a)h(particular)d -(purp)q(ose.)209 1265 y FB(XKL)i FA(LLC)f FB(shall)g(not)h(b)q(e)g(liable)f -(for)g(errors)i(con)o(tained)e(herein)i(or)e(for)h(inciden)o(tal)f(or)209 -1315 y(consequen)o(tial)19 b(damages)e(in)g(connection)i(with)f(the)h -(furnishing,)f(p)q(erformance,)h(or)209 1365 y(use)c(of)e(this)h(material.)p -1690 1438 V 104 1440 1588 2 v 0 1532 a(The)f(information)d(presen)o(ted)15 -b(here)f(is)f(deriv)o(ed)h(in)e(part)h(from)e Fw(DECsystem{10)k(DECSYSTEM{20) -h(Pr)n(o)n(c)n(essor)0 1582 y(R)n(efer)n(enc)n(e)k(Manual)g -FB(b)o(y)f(Digital)f(Equipmen)o(t)g(Corp)q(oration,)i(Marlb)q(oro,)g(Massac)o -(h)o(usetts,)i(July)e(1980)e(\(and)0 1632 y(previous)11 b(editions\),)g(with) -f(revisions)h(pro)o(vided)f(b)o(y)h(a)f(T)m(ec)o(hnical)g(Newsletter)j(dated) -e(June)h(1982.)j(This)c(material)0 1681 y(is)j(used)h(here)g(under)f(license) -h(from)d(Digital)g(Equipmen)o(t)h(Corp)q(oration.)p 104 1754 -V 104 2350 2 596 v 810 1837 a Fx(Notice:)209 1908 y FA(The)18 -b(TO)o(AD)410 1905 y(-)420 1908 y(1)g(System)h(has)f(b)q(een)h(tested)f(and)g -(found)h(to)f(comply)h(with)f(the)g(limits)i(for)209 1953 y(a)e(Class)h(A)e -(digital)j(device,)g(pursuan)o(t)f(to)f(part)g(15)g(of)g(the)g(\(U.S.\))f(F)o -(CC)g(Rules.)32 b(These)209 1999 y(limits)18 b(are)d(designed)j(to)e(pro)o -(vide)h(reasonable)g(protection)h(against)f(harmful)f(in)o(terference)209 -2045 y(when)h(the)g(equipmen)o(t)i(is)f(op)q(erated)g(in)f(a)g(commercial)i -(en)o(vironmen)o(t.)30 b(This)18 b(equipmen)o(t)209 2090 y(generates,)f -(uses,)f(and)g(can)g(radiate)g(radio)h(frequency)f(energy)g(and,)h(if)e(not)h -(installed)i(and)209 2136 y(used)12 b(in)g(accordance)h(with)f(the)g -(instruction)h(man)o(ual,)g(ma)o(y)f(cause)g(harmful)g(in)o(terference)h(to) -209 2182 y(radio)j(comm)o(unications.)24 b(Op)q(eration)16 -b(of)f(this)g(equipmen)o(t)h(in)f(a)g(residen)o(tial)i(area)e(is)g(lik)o(ely) -209 2227 y(to)d(cause)h(harmful)g(in)o(terference)h(in)f(whic)o(h)g(case)f -(the)h(user)f(will)i(b)q(e)e(required)i(to)e(correct)g(the)209 -2273 y(in)o(terference)i(at)f(his)h(o)o(wn)f(exp)q(ense.)p -1690 2350 V 104 2352 1588 2 v 0 2443 a FB(Instruction)j(times,)e(op)q -(erating)h(sp)q(eeds,)i(and)d(the)i(lik)o(e)e(are)i(included)f(here)h(for)f -(reference)j(only;)c(they)i(are)f(not)0 2493 y(to)f(b)q(e)g(tak)o(en)g(as)g -(sp)q(eci\014cations.)0 2579 y(This)e(man)o(uscript)g(w)o(as)h(prepared)g -(using)g(c)o(haracter)h(recognition)e(soft)o(w)o(are)h(dev)o(elop)q(ed)g(b)o -(y)f(Ibuki,)g(Inc,)h(Los)f(Al-)0 2629 y(tos,)g(California,)e(and)j(editing)f -(and)g(text)h(formatting)d(facilities)h(of)h(the)h(DECSYSTEM{20.)k(The)c -(\014nal)f(v)o(ersion)p eop -%%Page: 3 3 -3 2 bop 1915 50 a FB(iii)150 195 y(w)o(as)17 b(prepared)i(using)e(the)h(L)608 -190 y Fv(a)627 195 y FB(T)650 208 y(E)673 195 y(X)g(text)g(formatting)d -(program)g(and)i(the)h(P)o(ostScript)g(do)q(cumen)o(t)f(description)150 -245 y(language.)150 330 y(P)o(ostScript)e(is)e(trademark)g(of)h(Adob)q(e)g -(Systems,)f(Inc.)150 416 y(The)22 b(follo)o(wing)c(are)k(trademarks)e(of)h -(Digital)e(Equipmen)o(t)h(Corp)q(oration:)32 b(CI,)21 b(DEC,)f(DECnet,)j -(DECUS,)150 466 y(DECsystem{10,)c(DECSYSTEM{20,)h(DDT,)f(HSC,)g(HSC{50,)g -(MASSBUS,)h(PDP)m(,)f(PDP{10,)h(TOPS{10,)150 527 y(TOPS{20,)13 -b(TOPS{20AN,)h(UETP)m(,)f(and)p 835 480 32 2 v 835 548 2 69 -v 19 w Fu(d)p 864 548 V 835 550 32 2 v 871 480 V 871 548 2 -69 v 21 w(i)p 901 548 V 871 550 32 2 v 908 480 V 908 548 2 -69 v 22 w(g)p 937 548 V 908 550 32 2 v 944 480 V 944 548 2 -69 v 20 w(i)p 973 548 V 944 550 32 2 v 980 480 V 980 548 2 -69 v 23 w(t)p 1010 548 V 980 550 32 2 v 1017 480 V 1017 548 -2 69 v 20 w(a)p 1046 548 V 1017 550 32 2 v 1053 480 V 1053 -548 2 69 v 20 w(l)p 1082 548 V 1053 550 32 2 v eop -%%Page: 4 4 -4 3 bop 0 50 a FB(iv)p eop -%%Page: 5 5 -5 4 bop 1928 50 a FB(v)150 563 y FF(Preface)150 815 y FB(This)13 -b(man)o(ual)d(explains)i(the)i(mac)o(hine)d(language)h(programmi)o(ng)e(and)i -(op)q(eration,)h(for)f(b)q(oth)h(instructional)f(and)150 864 -y(reference)i(purp)q(oses,)g(of)d(the)h(PDP{10)g(cen)o(tral)g(pro)q(cessors)i -(used)f(in)e(the)h(TO)o(AD)1447 860 y(-)1459 864 y(1)g(System,)f(the)h -(DECsystem{)150 914 y(10)h(and)g(the)i(DECSYSTEM{20.)i(Basically)m(,)12 -b(the)i(man)o(ual)e(de\014nes)j(in)e(detail)g(ho)o(w)g(eac)o(h)h(pro)q -(cessor)h(functions,)150 964 y(exactly)d(what)h(its)f(instructions)h(do,)f -(ho)o(w)g(it)g(handles)g(data,)g(what)g(its)h(con)o(trol)f(and)g(status)h -(information)d(mean,)150 1014 y(and)16 b(what)f(programming)d(tec)o(hniques) -18 b(and)d(pro)q(cedures)j(m)o(ust)d(b)q(e)i(emplo)o(y)o(ed)d(to)h(utilize)h -(it)f(e\013ectiv)o(ely)m(.)25 b(The)150 1064 y(programming)14 -b(is)k(giv)o(en)f(in)h(mac)o(hine)e(language,)i(in)f(that)h(it)g(uses)h(only) -e(the)h(basic)g(instruction)g(and)g(device)150 1113 y(mnemonics)12 -b(and)i(sym)o(b)q(olic)e(addressing)j(de\014ned)h(b)o(y)e(the)g(assem)o -(bler.)19 b(The)c(treatmen)o(t)f(relies)g(on)g(neither)h(an)o(y)150 -1163 y(other)g(soft)o(w)o(are)f(nor)g(an)o(y)g(of)f(the)i(more)e -(sophisticated)i(features)h(of)d(the)i(assem)o(bler;)e(moreo)o(v)o(er)h(the)g -(man)o(ual)e(is)150 1213 y(completely)h(self{con)o(tained:)18 -b(no)13 b(prior)h(kno)o(wledge)g(of)f(the)h(assem)o(bler)g(is)g(required.)150 -1299 y(The)i(text)g(of)e(the)i(man)o(ual)d(is)i(dev)o(oted)h(en)o(tirely)g -(to)f(functional)f(description)i(and)g(programmi)o(ng.)j(Chapter)d(1)150 -1348 y(discusses)d(the)f(general)g(c)o(haracteristics)h(of)e(the)h(system,)f -(de\014nes)i(the)f(formats)e(of)g(the)i(w)o(ords)g(used)g(for)f(n)o(um)o(b)q -(ers)150 1398 y(and)16 b(instructions,)g(and)g(explains)f(the)h(con)o(v)o(en) -o(tions)g(needed)h(to)f(program)e(the)i(system)g(and)f(understand)i(the)150 -1448 y(examples)c(giv)o(en)g(in)h(the)g(text.)150 1534 y(Chapter)j(2)f(co)o -(v)o(ers)h(all)e(op)q(erations)h(regularly)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(to)i(the)h -(user.)26 b(It)16 b(includes)h(a)e(general)i(discussion)g(of)150 -1583 y(user)c(programming.)h(Chapter)f(2)f(also)g(de\014nes)i(the)f(in{out)e -(instructions,)i(ev)o(en)g(though)f(they)h(are)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(to)150 -1633 y(the)15 b(user)h(only)d(in)h(sp)q(ecial)h(circumstances;)g(the)g -(discussion)g(of)f(the)h(use)g(of)f(in{out)g(instructions)h(for)f(handling) -150 1683 y(the)i(p)q(eripheral)f(equipmen)o(t)g(is)g(not)g(included.)22 -b(F)m(or)15 b(completeness,)g(individual)f(instruction)h(descriptions)h(do) -150 1733 y(include)f(sp)q(ecial)g(e\013ects)i(unrelated)e(to)g(user)h -(programmi)o(ng,)c(but)j(the)g(detailed)g(treatmen)o(t)g(of)f(suc)o(h)h -(e\013ects)i(is)150 1783 y(left)d(for)f(the)i(discussion)f(of)f(system)h(op)q -(erations.)150 1868 y(Subsequen)o(t)21 b(c)o(hapters)f(describ)q(e)h(the)f -(system)f(op)q(eration)h(features)g(that)f(pro)o(vide)h(the)f(means)g(b)o(y)g -(whic)o(h)g(a)150 1918 y(system)10 b(programmer)f(can)i(create)h(soft)o(w)o -(are)e(to)h(manage)e(a)h(system)g(that)h(has)g(man)o(y)e(sim)o(ultanous)f -(users.)19 b(These)150 1968 y(features,)d(suc)o(h)g(as)g(a)f(priorit)o(y)f -(in)o(terrupt)j(system)e(and)g(a)g(memory)e(managemen)o(t)f(system,)j(are)h -(implemen)o(ted)150 2018 y(di\013eren)o(tly)h(in)g(the)h(di\013eren)o(t)g -(pro)q(cessors.)29 b(Chapter)18 b(3)e(discusses)j(these)g(features)f(in)f -(the)g(XKL)1732 2014 y(-)1744 2018 y(1)g(pro)q(cessor)150 2067 -y(and)f(TO)o(AD)359 2063 y(-)371 2067 y(1)g(System.)24 b(Chapter)17 -b(4)e(discusses)k(these)e(features)g(in)f(the)h(earlier)f(pro)q(cessors:)25 -b(the)16 b(KL10,)g(the)150 2117 y(KS10,)d(the)i(KI10,)e(and)h(the)g(KA10.)150 -2203 y(The)k(\014rst)h(three)g(app)q(endices)h(con)o(tain)d(the)i(basic)f -(reference)i(tables)e(for)g(the)g(programmer:)24 b(w)o(ord)18 -b(formats,)150 2253 y(instruction)g(and)g(in)o(ternal)g(device)h(mnemonics,)e -(ASCI)q(I)h(co)q(de,)i(bit)d(assignmen)o(ts)h(sho)o(wing)f(conditions)h(and) -150 2302 y(status,)c(and)g(a)g(shorthand)g(presen)o(tation)h(of)e -(instruction)h(actions)g(in)f(sym)o(b)q(olic)f(form.)150 2388 -y(Although)19 b(sp)q(eci\014c)i(kno)o(wledge)f(of)f(Macro,)i(the)f(assem)o -(bler,)g(is)g(not)g(required)g(to)g(read)g(this)g(man)o(ual,)e(this)150 -2438 y(information)c(will)i(usually)h(b)q(e)h(used)g(in)f(the)h(con)o(text)g -(of)f(assem)o(bly)f(language)h(programs.)27 b(So,)18 b(for)f(the)h(con-)150 -2488 y(v)o(enience)j(of)e(Macro)h(users,)j(and)c(in)h(an)g(e\013ort)g(to)g -(standardize)h(usage,)g(sym)o(b)q(olic)d(de\014nitions)i(relating)f(to)150 -2537 y(the)d(TO)o(AD)349 2533 y(-)360 2537 y(1)f(System)g(hardw)o(are)g(are)h -(made)d(at)i(v)n(arious)g(places)g(in)g(the)h(text.)22 b(These)16 -b(de\014nitions)f(app)q(ear)g(in)150 2587 y Ft(typewriter)20 -b(font)9 b FB(and)h(they)h(are)f(collected)h(in)f(the)h(Macro)f(source)h -(\014le)g(TD1DEF.MA)o(C)e(and)h(in)f(the)i(univ)o(ersal)p eop -%%Page: 6 6 -6 5 bop 0 50 a FB(vi)0 195 y(\014le)14 b(TD1DEF.UNV.)802 305 -y Fx(Caution)104 397 y FB(Ev)o(ery)g(e\013ort)h(has)e(b)q(een)i(exp)q(ended)g -(to)f(ensure)h(that)f(this)g(man)o(ual)d(presen)o(ts)16 b(a)d(complete)g -(descrip-)104 446 y(tion)j(of)f(the)i(arc)o(hitecture)i(of)d(the)h(TO)o(AD) -798 442 y(-)809 446 y(1)f(System,)h(the)g(XKL)1171 442 y(-)1183 -446 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor,)i(and)f(the)g(sev)o(eral)104 496 y(PDP{10)12 -b(compatible)f(pro)q(cessors.)20 b(If)12 b(there)i(is)e(an)o(ything)g(y)o(ou) -g(cannot)h(\014nd,)g Fw(ple)n(ase)h(do)g(not)g(make)104 546 -y(assumptions)g FB(|)g(write)g(to:)521 673 y(TO)o(AD)647 669 -y(-)659 673 y(1)g(System)f(Arc)o(hitecture)j(Committee)811 -723 y(XKL)e FA(LLC)690 773 y FB(8420)f(154th)h(Av)o(en)o(ue)g(NE)634 -823 y(Redmond,)e(W)m(ashington)h(98052)104 926 y(In)i(some)g(instances)h(the) -h(result)f(of)f(an)g(op)q(eration)g(using)g(particular)h(op)q(erands)g(or)f -(giv)o(en)g(in)g(par-)104 976 y(ticular)e(circumstances)i(is)f(indicated)f -(as)h(b)q(eing)g(\\indeterminate.")j(This)d(means)f(simply)f(that)h(no)104 -1026 y(guaran)o(tee)f(is)f(made)f(of)h(what)h(that)f(result)h(will)e(b)q(e.) -18 b(If)11 b(y)o(ou)g(exp)q(erimen)o(t)h(and)f(\014nd)h(a)f(result)h(to)f(y)o -(our)104 1075 y(liking,)g(y)o(ou)h(are)i(hereb)o(y)g(w)o(arned)f(that,)g(if)f -(y)o(ou)h(use)g(the)h(op)q(eration,)f(y)o(our)f(program)g(ma)o(y)f(w)o(ell)h -(not)104 1125 y(b)q(e)f(compatible)e(with)h(an)o(y)h(other)g(pro)q(cessor,)i -(with)d(an)o(y)g(other)i(mo)q(del)d(of)h(y)o(our)g(pro)q(cessor,)j(with)e -(the)104 1175 y(same)f(mo)q(del)f(of)i(y)o(our)g(pro)q(cessor)i(at)d(some)h -(other)g(installation,)f(or)g(ev)o(en)i(with)f(y)o(our)g(o)o(wn)f(pro)q -(cessor)104 1225 y(running)j(at)h(some)f(other)i(time)d(with)i(a)f -(di\013eren)o(t)i(v)o(ersion)f(of)g(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(or)h(Monitor.)p -eop -%%Page: 7 7 -7 6 bop 1905 50 a FB(vii)150 563 y FF(Revision)42 b(History)150 -815 y FB(This)13 b(revision)f(history)h(is)g(pro)o(vided)g(for)f(t)o(w)o(o)h -(purp)q(oses.)19 b(First,)13 b(a)f(reader)i(who)f(has)g(seen)h(an)f(earlier)g -(v)o(ersion)g(of)150 864 y(this)f(man)o(ual)d(can)i(quic)o(kly)g(scan)h(for)f -(the)h(areas)g(that)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(c)o(hanged.)18 b(Second,)12 -b(although)e(this)i(history)f(includes)150 914 y(man)o(y)j(items)i(that)g -(are)g(trivial,)f(some)h(items)f(re\015ect)j(engineering)e(and)g(arc)o -(hitectural)h(decisions)g(whic)o(h)f(ma)o(y)150 964 y(b)q(e)f(of)e(in)o -(terest)i(to)f(readers.)150 1137 y Fs(31)24 b(August)f(1993)i({)e(11)g(Jan)n -(uary)i(1994)212 1245 y Fz(\017)c FB(This)14 b(revision)f(list)h(has)g(b)q -(een)h(created)g(and)f(added)g(to)g(the)g(man)o(ual.)212 1328 -y Fz(\017)21 b FB(The)14 b(Preface)h(no)o(w)f(explains)f(TD1DEF.MA)o(C.)212 -1411 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(Eac)o(h)14 b(\014gure)g(no)o(w)g(displa)o(ys)f(the)i -(source)g(\014le)f(name)e(from)h(whic)o(h)g(it)h(is)g(deriv)o(ed.)212 -1494 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(An)13 b(accurate)h(dra)o(wing)f(of)f(the)i(CPU)f(data) -g(paths,)g(HRMF-TD1CPU,)g(\014gure)g(1.2,)f(has)h(b)q(een)i(pro)o(vided.)254 -1543 y(Section)f(1.1.1)e(has)i(c)o(hanged)h(accordingly)e(but)h(it)g(is)f -(still)g(preliminary)m(.)212 1626 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(Minor)13 -b(correction)i(to)f(\014gure)g(1.10.)212 1709 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(The)13 b(description)g(of)g Fu(BL)m(T)f FB(and)h(examples)f(of)g(its)h -(use)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)h(c)o(hanged)f(to)g(more)f(clearly)g(explain)g -(the)254 1759 y(e\013ects)k(of)d Fu(BL)m(T)h FB(when)g(extended)i(addressing) -e(is)g(used.)212 1842 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(Omitted)13 b(the)h(w)o(ord)g -(\\preferred")h(in)f(describing)g(\\)p Fu(JF)o(CL)f(0,)p FB(")g(as)h(a)f -(no{op.)212 1925 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(Corrected)c(the)g(description)g(of)e(the)h -(PC)g(\015ags)g(for)g(the)g(XKL)1259 1921 y(-)1272 1925 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor:) -24 b(no)16 b(\\Public")f(\015ag)g(and)h(no)254 1975 y(\\Previous)e(Con)o -(text)g(Public")g(\015ag)f(in)g(Exec)i(mo)q(de.)212 2058 y -Fz(\017)21 b FB(Changed)13 b(the)g(sp)q(eci\014cation)g(of)f -Fu(SFM)p FB(,)h Fu(XJRSTF)p FB(,)e(and)h Fu(XPCW)p FB(.)f(In)i(Exec)h(mo)q -(de,)d Fu(SFM)i FB(and)f Fu(XPCW)g FB(store)254 2108 y(CA)o(C,)j(P)m(A)o(C,)g -(and)h(PCS)g(in)f(the)i(righ)o(t)e(half)g(of)g(the)h(\015ag)g(w)o(ord.)23 -b(In)16 b(Exec)h(mo)q(de,)e Fu(XJRSTF)f FB(and)i Fu(XPCW)254 -2158 y FB(set)f(CA)o(C,)e(P)m(A)o(C,)g(and)h(PCS)g(from)e(the)i(righ)o(t)g -(half)f(of)g(the)i(\015ag)e(w)o(ord.)212 2241 y Fz(\017)21 -b Fu(HAL)m(TRM)14 b FB(added)g(\(to)g Fu(JRST)p FB(\))g(for)f(the)i(XKL)978 -2237 y(-)990 2241 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor.)212 2324 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(Changed)c(the)g(sp)q(eci\014cation)h(of)e(Arithmetic)h(and)g(Stac)o(k)g -(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(trapping.)27 b(Pro)o(vided)17 b(an)g(8{w)o(ord)254 -2374 y(trap)10 b(data)h(v)o(ector)g(in)f(the)h(UPT)g(and)f(EPT)h(for)f(eac)o -(h)h(kind)f(of)g(trap.)17 b(Com)o(bined)9 b(the)i(User)g(T)m(rap/No{T)m(rap) -254 2423 y(MUUO)i(new)g(PC)g(w)o(ords;)g(com)o(bined)e(the)j(Executiv)o(e)f -(T)m(rap/No{T)m(rap)f(MUUO)h(new)g(PC)g(w)o(ords.)18 b(\\T)m(rap)254 -2473 y(MUUOs")c(no)g(longer)g(exist.)k(Split)13 b(2.9.6)f(in)o(to)i(2.9.6.1)d -(and)j(2.9.6.2.)212 2556 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(The)13 b(description)h(of)e(b)o -(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ters)h(has)f(b)q(een)h(rewritten.)19 b(One{w)o(ord)13 -b(globals)e(apply)i(in)f(all)g(sections)i(of)254 2606 y(extended)h(pro)q -(cessors.)p eop -%%Page: 8 8 -8 7 bop 0 50 a FB(viii)62 195 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(The)14 b(description)h(of)e -Fu(LDB)h FB(no)o(w)f(states)i(explicit)o(y)f(that)g(when)g -Fw(S)19 b FB(is)14 b(zero,)g Fu(LDB)g FB(clears)h(the)f(A)o(C.)62 -277 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(Changed)15 b(the)h(sp)q(eci\014cation)f(of)g(the)g -(LUUO)h(trap)f(lo)q(cation)f(in)h(section)g(0)g(of)g(the)g(XKL)1532 -273 y(-)1544 277 y(1)g(pro)q(cessor)i(to)104 327 y(mak)o(e)12 -b(it)i(matc)o(h)e(the)j(KL/KS.)62 408 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(Changed)15 -b(the)g(sp)q(eci\014cation)g(of)f(the)h(MUUO)h(blo)q(c)o(k)e(in)g(the)h(UPT:) -g(the)g(\014rst)h(t)o(w)o(o)e(w)o(ords)h(no)o(w)f(lo)q(ok)g(lik)o(e)104 -458 y(an)e(exec{st)o(yle)i(double)f(w)o(ord)f(sa)o(v)o(ed)h(PC)g(\(with)f(CA) -o(C,)g(P)m(A)o(C,)g(and)h(PCS)f(stored)i(in)e(the)i(righ)o(t)e(half)f(of)h -(the)104 508 y(\015ag)j(w)o(ord\).)25 b(The)16 b(next)h(t)o(w)o(o)e(w)o(ords) -h(are)h(the)f(instruction)h(image)d(and)i Fw(E)5 b FB(.)15 -b Fu(RDUBR)g FB(data)h(is)f(no)h(longer)104 558 y(stored)g(in)f(the)i(MUUO)f -(blo)q(c)o(k.)22 b(Eliminated)14 b(\\T)m(rap)h(MUUOs".)23 b(Only)15 -b(Executiv)o(e)i(and)e(User)i(MUUOs)104 607 y(exist)d(no)o(w.)k(Added)c(a)g -(subsection)h(to)f(2.16)e(for)i(LUUOs.)62 689 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(In)14 b(Section)g(3.1.3,)e(added)i(description)g(of)g(Need)h(DC)e(and)h -(System)f(Activ)o(e.)62 771 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(In)11 b(Section)h(3.1.4,)e(the) -i(bus)g(address)h(w)o(ord)e(format)f(c)o(hanged.)17 b(\(This)12 -b(w)o(as)f(announced)h(on)f(the)h(disclaimer)104 820 y(page)j(at)g(the)h -(fron)o(t)g(of)e(the)i(8/31/93)e(edition.\))22 b(The)16 b(4{bit)f(slot)g(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er,)g(formerly)e(adjacen)o(t)j(to)f(\\D",)104 870 -y(has)e(b)q(een)h(mo)o(v)o(ed)d(righ)o(t)i(t)o(w)o(o)f(bits.)18 -b(The)13 b(t)o(w)o(o{bit)f(gap)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(\\D")e(and)h(the)g(slot)g -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(is)h(reserv)o(ed)104 920 y(for)g(expansion)h(of)g(the)g -(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(\014eld.)19 b(Corresp)q(onding)14 -b(c)o(hanges)h(to)f(the)h(imm)o(ediate)d(page)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)104 -970 y(format)e(in)h(3.6.1.4)f(and)h(in)h(3.6.1.2)d(ha)o(v)o(e)j(b)q(een)h -(made.)62 1051 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(\\Non-existen)o(t)12 b(memory)d(trap")j(has) -g(b)q(een)h(replaced)g(b)o(y)f(\\page)f(trap)h(with)g(a)f(page{fail)f(w)o -(ord)i(indicating)104 1101 y(a)h(bus)i(timeout.")62 1183 y -Fz(\017)21 b FB(No)16 b(micro)q(co)q(de)f(implemen)o(tation)e(of)i(the)i -(material)d(describ)q(ed)k(in)d(3.2.2.3,)f(Console)i(Micro{command)104 -1233 y(Mo)q(de,)i(has)f(y)o(et)h(b)q(een)h(attempted.)28 b(This)17 -b(material)e(is)j(highly)e(susceptible)j(to)e(c)o(hange.)29 -b(The)17 b Fu(Disable)104 1283 y FB(command)11 b(has)j(b)q(een)h(deleted:)k -(the)c(function)e(is)h(accomplished)f(via)g Fu(Enable)i FB(with)e(a)h(n)o -(ull)f(passw)o(ord.)62 1364 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(An)13 b(implem)o(en)o(tation)d -(of)i(BOOT)i(is)f(partly)f(complete.)17 b(There)d(are)f(man)o(y)e(more)h -(commands)e(than)j(those)104 1414 y(men)o(tioned)19 b(in)g(3.2.4,)h(but)g -(they)g(will)f(b)q(e)i(describ)q(ed)g(in)f(a)g(di\013eren)o(t)h(do)q(cumen)o -(t)e(\(or)h(p)q(erhaps)i(in)d(an)104 1464 y(app)q(endix)14 -b(to)f(this)h(do)q(cumen)o(t\).)62 1545 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(In)14 -b(3.2.5,)d(the)k(section)f(in)g(whic)o(h)g(the)g(BOOT)h(R)o(OM)f(is)f -(addressed)j(is)e(10)f(\(o)q(ctal\).)62 1627 y Fz(\017)21 b -FB(The)14 b(old)f(subsection)i(3.2.6)e(has)h(b)q(een)h(remo)o(v)o(ed.)i -(There)e(is)f(no)f(BOOT)i(RAM.)62 1709 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(In)14 -b(3.2.6)e(\(formerly)g(3.2.7\),)g(v)n(arious)h(lo)q(cations)h(in)f(NVRAM)h -(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)h(assigned.)62 1790 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(Subsection)15 -b(3.3.7)d(describing)i(the)h(In)o(terrupt)g(register)g(has)f(b)q(een)h -(added.)62 1872 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(In)14 b(3.3.8)e(\(the)i(former)f(3.3.7\),)f -Fu(SIMIRD)h FB(instruction)h(has)g(b)q(een)h(added.)62 1953 -y Fz(\017)21 b FB(In)14 b(3.4.3,)e(the)i(cac)o(he)h(diagnostic)f -(instructions)h(data)e(formats)g(ha)o(v)o(e)h(b)q(een)h(c)o(hanged)f(to)g -(accoun)o(t)h(for)e(the)104 2003 y(mo)o(v)o(emen)o(t)e(of)i(the)i(slot)f(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)f(\014eld.)62 2085 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(In)16 b(3.6.1,)e(\014gure)i -(3.2)f(has)h(b)q(een)h(c)o(hanged)g(to)e(re\015ect)j(the)f(MUUO)f(blo)q(c)o -(k)g(in)f(the)i(UPT,)e(the)i(Executiv)o(e)104 2135 y(and)c(User)i(MUUO)g(new) -f(PCs,)g(and)g(the)g(User)h(and)f(Executiv)o(e)h(trap)f(v)o(ector)g(blo)q(c)o -(ks.)k(\(These)e(are)e(in)f(the)104 2184 y(UPT)h(except)h(the)g(Executiv)o(e) -g(trap)f(v)o(ector)g(blo)q(c)o(ks)g(are)h(in)e(the)h(EPT.\))62 -2266 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(T)m(able)12 b(3.2)h(\(in)g(3.6.1.6\))e(has)i(b)q(een)i -(up)q(dated)f(with)f(additional)e(\(reordered)16 b(and)d(renamed\))g -(page{failure)104 2316 y(co)q(des.)62 2398 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(The)11 -b(data)g(formats)e(for)i(the)g(P)o(ager)h(Diagnostic)e(instructions)h(ha)o(v) -o(e)g(b)q(een)h(c)o(hanged)g(to)e(re\015ect)j(the)f(shifted)104 -2447 y(p)q(osition)h(of)g(the)i(slot)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(\014eld)f(in)h(the)g -(bus)h(address)g(w)o(ord.)62 2529 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(The)15 -b Fu(SYSID)e FB(instruction)i(has)f(b)q(een)i(added)e(to)g(3.6.2.)k(The)d -(data)f(formats)f(for)h Fu(WREBR)p FB(,)f Fu(WRUBR)p FB(,)f(etc.)104 -2579 y(ha)o(v)o(e)k(b)q(een)h(c)o(hanged)f(to)g(re\015ect)h(the)g(shifted)f -(p)q(osition)f(of)h(the)g(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(\014eld)h(in)g(the)g(bus)h -(address)104 2629 y(w)o(ord.)p eop -%%Page: 9 9 -9 8 bop 1917 50 a FB(ix)212 195 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(In)15 b(3.6.2.,)f(c)o -(hanged)h(format)f(of)h Fu(RDCTX)p FB(/)p Fu(WRCTX)f FB(to)h(put)h(the)g(CA)o -(C)g(and)f(P)m(A)o(C)g(\014elds)h(in)f(bits)h(18{23,)254 245 -y(to)e(conform)e(with)h Fu(SFM)p FB(.)212 328 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(The)11 b(description)h(of)e(pager{disabled)h(mo)q(de)f(and)h(system)g -(initialization)d(in)i(3.6.2.1)f(has)i(b)q(een)h(enhanced.)254 -378 y(Ev)o(en)17 b(while)e(the)i(pager)g(is)f(disabled,)g(traps)h(are)g(p)q -(ossible.)26 b(Therefore,)18 b(it)e(is)g(mandatory)e(to)j(set)g(up)f(a)254 -428 y(v)o(estigial)c(EPT/UPT)j(to)f(catc)o(h)g(them.)k(\(Generally)m(,)12 -b(that)i(is)g(done)g(b)o(y)g(BOOT.\))g(The)h(starting)f(address)254 -477 y(of)f(BOOT,)h(10003000)e(has)i(b)q(een)h(do)q(cumen)o(ted.)212 -560 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(Time)13 b(Base)i(lo)q(cations)e(in)h(MemA)g(ha)o(v)o(e) -g(b)q(een)h(assigned.)20 b(The)14 b(syncopated)i(clo)q(c)o(k)e(is)g(do)q -(cumen)o(ted)g(in)g(a)254 610 y(fo)q(otnote.)212 693 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(In)14 b(3.8.2,)d Fu(W)o(CTRLF)j FB(and)g Fu(RCTRLF)f FB(ha)o(v)o(e)h(b)q -(een)h(added.)212 776 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(In)11 b(3.11,)e(man)o(y)h(c)o(hanges) -h(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)h(made)e(to)g(the)i(description)f(of)g(the)g(XRH)1489 -772 y(-)1501 776 y(1)g(Mass{Storage)g(In)o(terface)254 826 -y(Pro)q(cessor.)19 b(The)13 b(Comm)o(uni)o(cations)c(Region)j(has)g(b)q(een)h -(dev)o(elop)q(ed.)18 b(The)13 b(format)d(of)i(the)h(Mass{Storage)254 -876 y(Con)o(trol)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)h(has)g(b)q(een)h(c)o(hanged.)212 -959 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(In)16 b(3.12,)f(Status)h(Read)g(from)e(Address)k(1)d -(has)i(c)o(hanged)f(considerably)m(.)24 b(P)o(ac)o(k)o(et)16 -b(sno)q(op)h(registers)g(ha)o(v)o(e)254 1009 y(b)q(een)12 b(in)o(tro)q -(duced.)18 b(The)11 b(b)q(oundary)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(the)g(con)o(trol)f -(registers)h(and)f(the)g(data)g(register)h(w)o(as)f(mo)o(v)o(ed.)254 -1059 y(Con)o(trol)k(register)j(assignmen)o(ts)d(w)o(ere)i(revised.)26 -b(The)17 b(Message)g(Con)o(trol)f(Blo)q(c)o(k)g(format)e(has)j(b)q(een)g(up-) -254 1108 y(dated.)212 1191 y Fz(\017)k FB(App)q(endix)g(A.2.1)e(has)i(b)q -(een)h(up)q(dated)f(to)f(re\015ect)j(the)e(additional)e(instructions)i -Fu(SYSID)p FB(,)f Fu(W)o(CTRLF)p FB(,)254 1241 y Fu(RCTRLF)p -FB(,)13 b(and)g Fu(SIMIRD)p FB(.)g(The)h(sp)q(elling)g(of)f -Fu(RDTIME)g FB(w)o(as)h(corrected.)212 1324 y Fz(\017)21 b -FB(App)q(endix)c(A.3)f(has)g(b)q(een)i(c)o(hanged)f(to)f(re\015ect)j(the)e -(addition)e(of)h(the)h(instructions)h(men)o(tioned)d(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)254 -1374 y(and)e Fu(HAL)m(TRM)p FB(.)h(The)h(sp)q(elling)e(of)g -Fu(RDTIME)h FB(w)o(as)g(corrected.)212 1457 y Fz(\017)21 b -FB(The)14 b(index)g(has)g(b)q(een)h(enhanced.)212 1540 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(The)14 b(y)o(ear)g(has)g(b)q(een)h(c)o(hanged)f(in)g(the)g(cop)o(yrigh)o -(t)g(notice)g(on)g(page)g(ii.)150 1713 y Fs(12)24 b(Jan)n(uary)g(1994)g({)g -(8)f(Octob)r(er)f(1994)212 1821 y Fz(\017)f Fu(XJRST)13 b FB(has)h(b)q(een)h -(do)q(cumen)o(ted.)j(It)c(is)g(implemen)o(ted)d(in)j(the)g(KL.)212 -1904 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(The)14 b Fu(EXTEND)g FB(instruction)g(has)g(b)q(een)h -(added)f(to)g(the)h(index.)212 1987 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(The)10 -b(names)f(of)g(the)h(former)f Ft(MS\045xxx)g FB(sym)o(b)q(ols,)f(de\014ned)j -(for)f(the)g(XRH)1365 1983 y(-)1377 1987 y(1,)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(b)q(een)h(c)o -(hanged)f(to)g Ft(MX\045xxx)p FB(.)254 2036 y(This)16 b(eliminates)e(a)h -(con\014ct)i(with)f(some)f Ft(MONSYM)f FB(names)i(for)f(the)i -Ft(MSTR)e FB(JSYS.)h(Lik)o(ewise)g Ft(.MSxxx)e FB(and)254 2086 -y Ft(MS.xxx)e FB(ha)o(v)o(e)i(b)q(een)h(c)o(hanged)f(to)g Ft(.MXxxx)f -FB(and)g Ft(MX.xxx)p FB(,)g(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)212 2169 -y Fz(\017)21 b FB(Additional)12 b(sym)o(b)q(olic)g(names)h(for)h(MemA)f(lo)q -(cations)g(w)o(ere)i(de\014ned.)212 2252 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(Request)e(to)f -(Send)g(has)g(b)q(een)h(added)g(to)e(the)i(signals)e(con)o(troled)i(via)e -Fu(W)o(CTRLF)p FB(.)g(The)h(Need)h(DC)f(and)254 2302 y(System)13 -b(Activ)o(e)h(Ligh)o(t)g(con)o(trol)f(bits)h(ha)o(v)o(e)g(mo)o(v)o(ed.)212 -2385 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(The)16 b(description)g(of)f(the)h(virtual)e(memory)f -(space)k(created)g(b)o(y)e(Bo)q(ot)h(for)f(programs)f(that)i(it)f(loads)g -(has)254 2435 y(b)q(een)i(revised)g(and)f(expanded.)26 b(Bo)q(ot)16 -b(do)q(es)h(not)f(create)h(a)f(CST;)g(programs)f(loaded)g(b)o(y)h(Bo)q(ot)h -(are)f(un-)254 2485 y(cac)o(hed)f(un)o(til)e(they)h(create)h(a)f(CST)g(for)f -(themselv)o(es.)212 2568 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(In)12 b(the)i(description)f(of)f -(the)h(cac)o(he,)h(explicit)e(reference)j(is)e(made)e(to)i(the)g(need)g(for)g -(the)g(CST)g(to)f(exist)h(and)254 2618 y(to)h(sp)q(ecify)g(that)g(a)f(page)h -(is)g(cac)o(heable)h(in)e(order)i(for)e(data)h(to)g(b)q(e)g(cac)o(hed)p -eop -%%Page: 10 10 -10 9 bop 0 50 a FB(x)62 195 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(The)c(description)h(of)e(the)i -(CST)f(\(in)g(3.6.1.3\))d(has)j(b)q(een)i(corrected:)26 b(the)18 -b(CST)f(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(aligned)f(on)h(a)104 245 y(page)d(b)q(oundary)m(.) -62 328 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(The)d(lo)q(cation)e(of)h(the)h(sense)h(and)f(status) -g(b)o(ytes)g(in)f(the)h(MSCB)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)g(exc)o(hanged.)30 -b Ft(MX\045SS)16 b FB(and)104 378 y Ft(MX\045SN)d FB(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)i -(c)o(hanged)g(accordingly)m(.)62 461 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(The)14 -b(w)o(ording)f(in)h(the)g(description)h(of)e Fu(SFM)h FB(has)g(b)q(een)h(c)o -(hanged.)j(The)d(seman)o(tics)e(are)h(not)g(c)o(hanged.)62 -544 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(A)12 b(new)h(privileged)e(instruction,)i -Fu(LDLPN)p FB(,)f(has)h(b)q(een)g(de\014ned.)19 b(Bits)12 b(9{35)f(of)h -(C\(E\))h(are)f(in)o(terpreted)i(as)e(a)104 594 y(P)m(A)-5 -b(W;)13 b(the)h(P)m(A)-5 b(W)14 b(is)g(con)o(v)o(erted)h(to)e(an)h(LPN,)f -(and)h(the)g(LPN)g(is)g(stored)g(in)g(A)o(C.)f(If)g(the)i(con)o(v)o(ersion)f -(fails,)104 643 y(a)f(page{failure)g(trap)h(o)q(ccurs)i(with)d(page{fail)f -(co)q(de)j(PF.NLP)m(.)62 726 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(Sym)o(b)q(olic)14 -b(names)h(ha)o(v)o(e)h(c)o(hanged.)25 b(EPT)16 b(lo)q(cations)g(formerly)e -Ft(EP\045xxx)h FB(ha)o(v)o(e)h(b)q(een)h(renamed)f Ft(EP.xxx)p -FB(.)104 776 y(This)c(is)g(to)g(follo)o(w)e(a)i(general)g(monitor)e(con)o(v)o -(en)o(tion)i(that)h(\014eld)f(names)f(and)h(bit)g(names)f(include)i(\\\045")e -(but)104 826 y(lo)q(cation)i(names)g(within)g(structures)j(include)e(\\.".)j -(Also)d(a\013ected:)20 b Ft(UP.SS0)p FB(.)62 909 y Fz(\017)h -FB(The)e(Keep{Aliv)o(e)f(T)m(rap)g(Con)o(trol)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)g(has)h(b)q(een)h -(added)e(at)h(EPT)f(lo)q(cations)g(50{53.)31 b(Keep{Aliv)o(e)104 -959 y(monitoring)11 b(is)j(turned)h(on)e(and)h(o\013)g(via)f -Fu(W)o(CTRLF)p FB(.)g(The)h(Keep-Aliv)o(e)h(\\timer")d(is)i(reset)h(b)o(y)f -Fu(W)o(CTRLF)p FB(.)62 1042 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(W)m(rote)11 b(sp)q -(eci\014cation)h(for)f Fu(CMO)o(VE)f FB(and)h Fu(CMO)o(VEM)f -FB(instructions,)i(analogs)f(of)f Fu(PMO)o(VE)g FB(and)h Fu(PMO)o(VEM)p -FB(,)104 1092 y(whic)o(h)k(lo)q(ok)g(for)h(the)g(data)g(in)f(the)i(cac)o(he)f -(b)q(efore)h(trying)e(memory)m(.)21 b([This)16 b(sp)q(eci\014cation)g(w)o(as) -g(remo)o(v)o(ed)104 1142 y(on)d(10/19/94.])62 1225 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(Changed)d Fu(WRCSB)f FB(to)i(allo)o(w)d(bit)i(35)g(of)f(the)i(bus)g -(address)g(w)o(ord)f(to)g(sp)q(ecify)h(the)g(cac)o(habilit)o(y)e(of)g(the)104 -1274 y(CST.)j(The)h(is)f(required)h(to)g(remo)o(v)o(e)e(circularit)o(y)i(in)f -(de\014ning)g(the)h(cac)o(habilit)o(y)e(of)h(pages.)39 b(\(This)20 -b(is)104 1324 y(not)c(implemen)o(ted)e(in)i(the)h(protot)o(yp)q(e)g(pro)q -(cessor:)25 b(CST,)16 b(SPT,)h(map)d(pages,)j(EPT)g(and)g(UPT)f(are)h(all)104 -1374 y(uncac)o(hed)e(in)e(the)i(protot)o(yp)q(e.\))j([Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)c -(see)h(9/14/94.])62 1457 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(In)c(the)i(description)f(of)f(the) -h(XRH)672 1453 y(-)684 1457 y(1,)f(clari\014ed)h(that)g(system)f(error)h(rep) -q(ort,)i Ft(MX.CSX)p FB(,)15 b(returns)k(an)f(ex-)104 1507 -y(planatory)13 b(b)o(yte)h(in)g Fw(Status)s FB(.)62 1590 y -Fz(\017)21 b FB(Assigned)14 b(names)f(to)h(bits)g(in)g(the)g(in)o(terv)n(al)f -(timer.)62 1673 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(Added)c(to)f(the)h(de\014nition)f(of)g -(trapping.)25 b(A)17 b(trap)g(to)f(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de)f(loads)g(the)h(PC) -f(\015ags)h(from)d(the)104 1723 y(New)j(Flags)f(halfw)o(ord;)h(it)f(loads)h -(CA)o(C)f(and)h(P)m(A)o(C)f(in)h(the)g(mac)o(hine)e(con)o(text)j(from)d(bits) -i(18{23)e(of)h(the)104 1773 y(same)d(w)o(ord;)h(it)f(loads)h(PCS)g(from)f -(the)h(old)g(PC.)g(A)g(trap)g(to)g(user)h(mo)q(de)e(loads)h(PC)g(\015ags)g -(from)f(the)h(New)104 1822 y(Flags)f(halfw)o(ord;)f(the)j(righ)o(t)e(half)g -(of)h(that)f(w)o(ord)h(is)g(ignored:)k(mac)o(hine)12 b(con)o(text)j(is)f(unc) -o(hanged.)62 1905 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(Added)14 b(to)f(the)h(de\014nition)f(of)f -(MUUOs.)19 b(An)14 b(MUUO)g(will)d(store)k(the)e(presen)o(t)i(mac)o(hine)d -(con)o(text)i(\(CA)o(C,)104 1955 y(P)m(A)o(C,)f(and)h(PCS\))h(in)f(the)h -(righ)o(t)f(half)f(of)h(the)h(\015ags)f(w)o(ord)g(in)g(the)h(MUUO)g(blo)q(c)o -(k)f(in)g(the)h(UPT.)f(The)h(new)104 2005 y(mac)o(hine)c(con)o(text)j(will)d -(set)j(PCU)f(according)g(to)f(the)i(state)f(of)f(User)i(in)f(the)g(old)f(PC)h -(\015ags.)18 b(No)12 b(other)i(PC)104 2055 y(\015ags)h(are)g(set.)23 -b(The)16 b(new)f(mac)o(hine)f(con)o(text)i(will)d(ha)o(v)o(e)i(PCS)h(set)g -(to)f(the)g(section)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(in)104 -2105 y(the)e(old)f(PC.)62 2188 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(Added)13 b(to)e(the)i -(de\014nition)f(of)f(PX)o(CT.)h(Made)g(explict)g(men)o(tion)f(of)g(the)i -(three)g(quan)o(tities)f(that)g(de\014ne)h(the)104 2237 y(previous)h(con)o -(text:)19 b(PCU,)13 b(PCS,)h(and)g(P)m(A)o(C.)62 2320 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(Reserv)o(e)15 b(MSCB)f(\014elds)h(for)e(the)i(XRH)728 -2316 y(-)739 2320 y(1.)j(Change)c(Bu\013er)h(Capacit)o(y)e(\014eld)h(to)g -(Byte)h(Coun)o(t.)62 2403 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(De\014ned)16 b(formats)d(2{7)h -(in)h(the)h(MSCB)f(as)g(p)q(erm)o(uations)f(of)h(32)f(bit/36)g(bit)h(mo)q(de) -f(and)h(cac)o(he)h(lo)q(ok)e(and)104 2453 y(cac)o(he)h(load.)k([This)14 -b(sc)o(heme)h(w)o(as)g(abandoned)f(in)g(fa)o(v)o(or)g(of)g(an)g(explicit)g -(command)e(to)j(turn)g(on)f(cac)o(hing)104 2503 y(for)f(a)h(particular)g -(target.])p eop -%%Page: 11 11 -11 10 bop 1917 50 a FB(xi)212 195 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(Figure)15 -b(3.2)f(has)h(b)q(een)h(c)o(hanged.)21 b(In)15 b(UPT,)g(0{420)f(and)g -(600{777)g(are)h(mark)o(ed)f(as)h(\\Av)n(ailable)e(to)i(Soft-)254 -245 y(w)o(are.")i(The)c(MUUO)f(handling)f(has)h(b)q(een)i(revised)f(to)f(mak) -o(e)e(the)j(MUUO)f(blo)q(c)o(ks)g(\(executiv)o(e)i(and)e(user\))254 -295 y(iden)o(tical)j(in)g(format)e(to)j(the)g(trap)g(blo)q(c)o(ks.)23 -b(The)16 b(MUUO)g(writeup)g(in)f(c)o(hapter)i(2)e(and)g(\014gure)i(2.3)d(ha)o -(v)o(e)254 345 y(also)f(c)o(hanged.)212 428 y Fz(\017)21 b -FB(In)12 b(T)m(able)f(3.2,)f(page{failure)h(co)q(des)i(PF.OFF)f(and)g(PF.NLP) -g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)i(c)o(hanged)f(to)g(sho)o(w)g Fw(H)7 -b FB(=1.)17 b(With)254 477 y(this)f(c)o(hange,)g(co)q(des)h(in)f(the)g(range) -h(1-27)e(all)f(ha)o(v)o(e)i Fw(H)7 b FB(=1,)16 b(and)g(co)q(des)h(0)e(\(no)h -(failure\))g(and)f(40{65)g(ha)o(v)o(e)254 527 y Fw(H)7 b FB(=0.)212 -610 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(4/4/94.)16 b(Added)f(a)e(sen)o(tence)j(to)e -Fu(MAP)f FB(explaining)f(that)i(the)g(result)h(when)f Fw(E)19 -b FB(=)14 b(1,,0)e(is)i(that)g(of)f(virtual)254 660 y(page)h(1000)e(\(and)i -(not)g(the)h(meaningless)d(mapping)g(of)h(A)o(C)h(0\).)212 -743 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(4/16/94.)16 b(Added)d(a)f(sen)o(tence)i(to)e -Fu(XJRSTF)f FB(explaining)g(that,)i(in)e(exec)j(mo)q(de,)d(this)h -(instruction)h(restores)254 793 y(CA)o(C,)g(P)m(A)o(C,)g(and)h(PCS)g(from)e -(the)j(righ)o(t)e(half)g(of)g(the)i(w)o(ord)e(addressed)j(b)o(y)e -Fw(E)5 b FB(.)212 876 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(4/22/94.)k(Clari\014ed)17 -b(w)o(arning)f(text)i(regarding)f(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ters.)28 -b(Stated)17 b(also)g(that)g(a)g(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(is)254 -926 y(in)o(terpreted)e(in)f(the)g(con)o(text)h(of)e(the)i(section)f(from)e -(whic)o(h)i(it)g(is)f(read.)212 1009 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(4/25/94.)c(In)d(T)m -(able)f(3.2,)g(page{failure)g(co)q(de)i(0,)e(no)h(failure,)f(is)h(no)o(w)g -(mark)o(ed)f(as)h(reserv)o(ed)i(for)e(soft)o(w)o(are)254 1059 -y(use.)j(A)o(t)11 b(X)o(GCCHK,)f(TOPS{20)g(sim)o(ulates)e(a)i(page{failure)g -(with)g(co)q(de)h(0)f(to)g(force)h(a)f(garbage)g(collection.)212 -1142 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(5/3/94.)g(The)16 b Fu(SWPIA)e FB(instruction)i(do)q -(es)g(not)f(clear)h(the)g(\\mo)q(di\014ed")e(bit)h(in)g(the)h(cac)o(he)g -(lines.)23 b(T)m(o)14 b(the)254 1191 y(exten)o(t)h(that)f(this)g(is)f -(necessary)m(,)i(do)f(it)f(via)g(the)i Fu(D)o(WRCSH)f FB(instruction.)212 -1274 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(5/5/94.)16 b(Additional)d(v)n(alues)g(w)o(ere)i -(de\014ned)g(for)f(XRH)1136 1270 y(-)1147 1274 y(1)g(system)g(error)g(rep)q -(ort.)212 1357 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(5/8/94.)16 b(A)d(fo)q(otnote)g(has)h(b)q -(een)g(added)g(to)f(rep)q(ort)h(that)f(the)h(KL10)f(fails)f(to)h(pro)o(vide)g -(the)h(correct)h(result)254 1407 y(in)e Fu(ADJBP)f FB(when)j(A)o(C)f -(initially)d(con)o(tains)j(400000,,0.)212 1490 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(5/12/94.)16 b(De\014ned)c(un)o(used)i(\014elds)e(in)g(the)h(data)f -(supplied)g(b)o(y)g(the)h(program)e(to)h Fu(DRDCSH)g FB(as)g(ignored)g(b)o(y) -254 1540 y(hardw)o(are;)i(de\014ned)i(\014elds)f(returned)h(b)o(y)e -Fu(DRDCSH)g FB(as)h(zero.)20 b(The)15 b(corresp)q(onding)g(c)o(hanges)h(ha)o -(v)o(e)e(b)q(een)254 1590 y(made)e(in)i(the)g(descriptions)h(of)f -Fu(DRDPTB)f FB(and)g Fu(D)o(WRPTB)p FB(.)212 1673 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(5/19/94.)f(The)c(app)q(endix)f(\\Pro)q(cessor)i(Compatibili)o(t)o(y")12 -b(has)j(b)q(een)i(mo)o(v)o(ed)c(to)i(App)q(endix)h(C)f(and)g(con-)254 -1723 y(tains)e(some)g(new)i(material.)212 1806 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(5/20/94.)16 b(Added)f(a)e(de\014nition,)g Ft(AM\045CAP)p -FB(,)f(the)j(capacit)o(y)f(of)f(MemA)g(in)g(w)o(ords,)h(8192.)212 -1889 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(5/24/94.)28 b(Added)18 b(a)g(paragraph)f(to)h -Fu(X)o(CT)f FB(describing)h(the)g(e\013ect)i(of)d(executing)h(an)g -(instruction)g(in)f(a)254 1939 y(di\013eren)o(t)12 b(section.)18 -b(Also,)12 b(added)g(a)f(fo)q(otnote)h(regarding)f Fu(X)o(CT)g -FB(of)g(a)g(trap)h(instruction,)g(JSYS,)g(or)f(MUUO)254 1988 -y(in)i(a)h(section)g(other)h(than)f(the)g(PC)g(section.)212 -2071 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(5/29/94.)16 b(In)e(2.9,)e(the)j(n)o(umeric)e(op)q(co)q -(des)i(for)f Fu(JFF)o(O)e FB(and)h Fu(JF)o(CL)g FB(ha)o(v)o(e)h(b)q(een)h -(corrected.)212 2154 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(6/7/94.)c(In)e(the)g(description)g(of) -e(the)i(XRH)961 2150 y(-)973 2154 y(1)f(and)g(MSCBs,)h(the)f(name)g(of)f -(Command)e(Blo)q(c)o(k)j(Status)h(0)254 2204 y(when)h(returned)h(b)o(y)e(the) -i(XRH)762 2200 y(-)773 2204 y(1)f(has)f(b)q(een)i(c)o(hanged)f(from)e(\\SCSI) -h(Command)d(Complete")j(to)g(\\SCSI)254 2254 y(Comma)o(nd)d(w)o(as)h(P)o -(erformed.")18 b(This)c(is)g(to)g(emphasize)f(that)h(the)h(command)c(has)j(b) -q(een)h(attempted)f(and)254 2304 y(that)f(the)g(success)j(or)d(failure)f(of)g -(the)i(command)c(is)j(indicated)f(b)o(y)h(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)i -(status)f(\014eld.)18 b(See)254 2354 y(also)c(c)o(hanges)h(to)g(Comma)o(nd)d -(Blo)q(c)o(k)j(Status)g(3,)f(\\SCSI)h(Error)g(Status)g(Rep)q(ort",)g(in)f -(whic)o(h)g(the)i(XRH)1918 2350 y(-)1929 2354 y(1)254 2403 -y(rep)q(orts)j(that)f(the)g(SCSI)f(Bus)i(and/or)e(proto)q(col)h(failed,)f(as) -g(distinct)h(from)e(a)i(rep)q(ort)g(from)e(a)h(sp)q(eci\014c)254 -2453 y(device.)212 2536 y Fz(\017)k FB(6/12/94.)29 b(MSCBs)18 -b(to)g(read)h(and)f(write)g(the)h(DRAM)e(ha)o(v)o(e)h(b)q(een)h(de\014ned.)32 -b(These)19 b(are)f(in)o(tended)h(to)254 2586 y(diagnose)13 -b(the)i(DRAM)e(and)h(the)g(path)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(system)f(memory)e(and)h -(the)i(XRH)1594 2582 y(-)1605 2586 y(1.)p eop -%%Page: 12 12 -12 11 bop 0 50 a FB(xii)62 195 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(6/20/94.)16 -b(Clari\014ed)e(that)f(the)i(SPT)f(con)o(tains)g(en)o(tries)h(in)e(the)i -(format)d(of)h(a)h(P)o(age)g(Address)h(W)m(ord.)62 278 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(6/27/94.)16 b(Corrected)g(the)e(de\014nition)g(of)f Fu(WRSPB)g -FB(in)g(TD1DEF.MA)o(C.)62 361 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(6/27/94.)d(The)e(sp)q(elling) -e(of)g Fu(W)o(CTRLF)g FB(and)h Fu(RCTRLF)f FB(in)g(the)h(table)g(in)f(App)q -(endix)h(A)g(\(A.2.1,)e(A)o(C)i(\014eld)104 411 y(deco)q(des)g(for)f(APR0,)f -(APR1,)g(APR2,)g(and)h(APR3\))f(has)i(b)q(een)g(corrected.)62 -494 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(6/27/94.)g(Added)16 b Fu(RDCF)o(G)e FB(instruction)h -(to)h(read)g(p)q(er-slot)f(device)i(and)e(memory)e(con\014guration)i(infor-) -104 544 y(mation)c(in)j(a)f(w)o(a)o(y)h(that)g(k)o(eeps)h(the)f(monitor)e -(indep)q(enden)o(t)j(of)e(the)i(implemen)o(tatio)o(n.)62 627 -y Fz(\017)21 b FB(6/30/94.)29 b(Added)19 b(new)f(co)q(des)i(to)e(MSCB)g(for)g -(the)h(System)f(Error)h(Rep)q(ort.)31 b(Added)19 b(XRH)1638 -623 y(-)1649 627 y(1)f(device)104 677 y(status)c(register)h(2,)e(the)h(BA)-5 -b(W)14 b(of)f(the)h(most)f(recen)o(t)i(system)e(bus)h(error.)19 -b(Added)c(four)e(error)h(\015ags)g(to)f(the)104 726 y(status)h(w)o(ord)g(0.) -62 809 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(7/01/94.)16 b(Declared)f(that)e(silly)g(com)o -(binations)f(of)h(bits)h(in)g Fu(WRPI)f FB(are)h(unde\014ned.)62 -892 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(7/03/94.)k(Sh)o(u\017ed)17 b(the)h(lo)q(cation)e(of)g -(the)i(v)n(arious)e(\015ags)h(in)g Fu(W)o(CTRLF)f FB(and)h -Fu(RCTRLF)f FB(to)h(mak)o(e)f(them)104 942 y(easier)e(to)g(micro)q(co)q(de.) -62 1025 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(7/05/94.)16 b(Sh)o(u\017ed)e(bits)g(in)f(the)i -(righ)o(t)e(half)g(of)g(the)i(in)o(terrupt)g(register.)62 1108 -y Fz(\017)21 b FB(7/05/94.)e(Rewrote)c(Section)h(3.4.9)d(\\Sp)q(ecial)h -(Considerations")h(regarding)f(in)o(terrupts.)23 b(Remo)o(v)o(ed)13 -b(ref-)104 1158 y(erences)j(to)e(\\trap)g(instructions")g(as)g(not)g(p)q -(ertinen)o(t)h(to)e(the)i(XKL)1174 1154 y(-)1186 1158 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor.)62 -1241 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(7/05/94.)d(Added)d Fu(WRTIME)f FB(to)h(initialize)e -(the)i(timebase)e(in)h(an)h(implem)o(en)o(tation{i)o(ndep)q(enden)o(t)f(man-) -104 1291 y(ner.)62 1374 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(7/17/94.)i(Sym)o(b)q(olic)14 -b(names)i(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)h(added)g(for)f(the)h(o\013sets)g(within)f -(the)h(UPT)f(that)h(address)g(the)104 1424 y(LUUO,)c(Executiv)o(e)h(MUUO,)g -(and)f(User)i(MUUO)e(blo)q(c)o(ks.)18 b(Sym)o(b)q(olic)11 b(names)i(ha)o(v)o -(e)g(b)q(een)i(added)e(for)g(the)104 1474 y(o\013sets)j(within)e(the)i(T)m -(rap)e(1,)g(T)m(rap)h(2,)f(and)h(T)m(rap)f(3)h(trap)g(v)o(ector)g(blo)q(c)o -(ks.)21 b(Sym)o(b)q(olic)13 b(names)h(ha)o(v)o(e)h(b)q(een)104 -1523 y(added)g(for)g(the)g(o\013sets)h(within)f(the)g(EMUUO)h(and)f(UMUUO)g -(blo)q(c)o(ks;)h(the)f(same)f(names)g(apply)h(to)f(the)104 -1573 y(o\013sets)f(within)f(the)h(trap)f(v)o(ector)h(blo)q(c)o(ks.)18 -b(Sym)o(b)q(olic)10 b(names)h(ha)o(v)o(e)h(b)q(een)i(added)e(for)g(the)h(six) -f(UPT)h(o\013sets)104 1623 y(asso)q(ciated)h(with)g(page{failure)f(traps.)62 -1706 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(7/17/94.)16 b(Some)d(con)o(tro)o(v)o(ersy)h(has)g -(arisen)h(regarding)e(MUUOs)i(and)f(traps.)104 1773 y(On)i(MUUO,)g(will)e -(PCS)i(b)q(e)g(set)h(to)e(the)i(PC)f(section)g(of)f(the)i(MUUO)f(or)g(will)e -(it)h(b)q(e)i(set)f(to)g(the)g(section)104 1822 y(from)d(whic)o(h)j(the)f -(MUUO)h(w)o(as)g(fetc)o(hed?)23 b(The)16 b(former)e(is)h(easier,)h(the)g -(latter)g(is)f(more)f(analogous)g(with)104 1872 y(ho)o(w)h -Fu(X)o(CT)f FB(p)q(erforms.)22 b(\(The)16 b(question)f(arises)h(only)f(when)g -(a)g Fu(X)o(CT)g FB(in)g(one)g(section)h(targets)g(an)f(MUUO)104 -1922 y(in)e(another)i(section.\))104 1988 y(Can)c(w)o(e)h(micro)q(co)q(de)g -(the)g(mac)o(hine)e(so)i(that)g(all)f(the)h(information)d(p)q(ertaining)i(to) -h(a)f(trapping)h(instruction)104 2038 y(can)h(b)q(e)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(in)g(a)f -(trap)h(blo)q(c)o(k?)18 b(That)12 b(w)o(ould)h(mean)e(preserving)j(the)g(op)q -(co)q(de,)f(A)o(C,)f(and)h Fw(E)18 b FB(during)12 b(the)104 -2088 y(execution)h(of)e(ev)o(ery)i(instruction)g(so)f(they)h(could)e(b)q(e)i -(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(in)e(the)i(trap)f(blo)q(c)o(k)g(b)q(efore)h(trapping.)k(If)12 -b(that)104 2138 y(is)i(done,)f(w)o(e)h(w)o(ould)f(not)h(need)h(TRAP)f(1)f -(and)h(TRAP)g(2)f(\015ags)h(an)o(ymore.)j(Otherwise,)e(w)o(e)f(can)g(not)g -(sa)o(v)o(e)104 2188 y(that)g(info)e(in)i(the)g(trap)g(blo)q(c)o(k,)f(so)h(w) -o(e)g(migh)o(t)d(as)j(w)o(ell)f(go)g(bac)o(k)h(to)g(ha)o(ving)e(trap)i -(instructions)g(instead)h(of)104 2237 y(trap)f(v)o(ector)g(blo)q(c)o(ks.)104 -2304 y(As)h(of)f(7/17/94)f(the)i(man)o(ual)d(calls)j(for)f(the)h(more)f -(di\016cult)g(implem)o(en)o(tation.)k([Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)c(see)i(7/22/94)104 -2354 y(and)d(10/4/94.])62 2437 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(7/21/94.)16 -b(The)e(lo)q(cations)g(of)f(the)h(LEDs)h(con)o(trolled)e(b)o(y)h -Fu(W)o(CTRLF)g FB(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)i(describ)q(ed.)62 2520 -y Fz(\017)21 b FB(7/22/94.)d(Rede\014ned)e(trap)f(blo)q(c)o(ks,)g(MUUO)g(blo) -q(c)o(ks,)f(and)h(page{failure)e(blo)q(c)o(k.)20 b(In)15 b(all)f(cases,)h(8)g -(w)o(ords)104 2570 y(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)h(reserv)o(ed)h(for)d(the)i(blo)q -(c)o(k,)e(the)i(last)f(four)f(of)h(whic)o(h)g(are)g(essen)o(tially)g(an)g -Fu(XPCW)e FB(blo)q(c)o(k,)i(i.e.,)e(a)104 2619 y(double)g(w)o(ord)g(in)h -(whic)o(h)f(to)g(store)i(the)f(old)f(\015ags,)g(con)o(text,)h(and)f(PC)h(and) -f(a)g(double)h(w)o(ord)f(from)f(whic)o(h)h(to)p eop -%%Page: 13 13 -13 12 bop 1893 50 a FB(xiii)254 195 y(load)12 b(new)h(\015ags,)f(partial)g -(new)h(con)o(text,)g(and)f(the)i(new)f(PC.)f(\(The)i(partial)d(new)i(con)o -(text)h(is)e(comp)q(osed)h(of)254 245 y(CA)o(C)f(and)f(P)m(A)o(C.)g(PCS)h(is) -g(set)h(b)o(y)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(to)d(a)h(v)n(alue)f(that)h(is)g(still)f -(con)o(tro)o(v)o(ersial.\))17 b([See)12 b(10/4/94])254 310 -y(The)i(trap)g(blo)q(c)o(ks)g(no)g(longer)f(con)o(tain)h(an)f(image)f(of)i -(the)g(trap)g(instruction.)254 374 y(The)g(MUUO)h(blo)q(c)o(k)e(image)f(of)i -(the)g(the)h(MUUO)g(no)o(w)e(puts)i(the)f(op)q(co)q(de)h(and)f(A)o(C)g -(\014eld)g(in)g(the)g(left)g(half)254 424 y(of)f(the)i(w)o(ord.)254 -489 y(An)f(illustration)e(of)i(the)g(page{failure)f(blo)q(c)o(k)h(has)g(b)q -(een)h(added.)254 553 y(Figure)h(3.2,)f(TOPS-20)h(Pro)q(cess)i(T)m(able)e -(Con\014guration,)f(no)o(w)h(omits)e(details)i(that)g(are)h(recorded)g(else-) -254 603 y(where)e(in)e(the)i(text.)j(Added)d(cross{references)j(in)13 -b(the)i(\014gure.)212 683 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(7/22/94.)30 b(Describ)q(ed)20 -b(new)f(XRH)825 679 y(-)836 683 y(1)g(functionalit)o(y)m(.)30 -b(Device)18 b(Con)o(trol)g(w)o(ord)h(0)f(no)o(w)g(includes)h(a)f(Bus)254 -732 y(Reset)d(bit)e(and)h(a)f(\014eld)h(in)g(whic)o(h)g(to)f(sp)q(ecify)i -(the)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(the)g(a\013ected)i(bus.)212 812 -y Fz(\017)21 b FB(7/28/94.)16 b(A)c(v)n(alue)h(of)f(zero)h(in)g(the)g -(Executiv)o(e)h(Base)f(Register)g(is)g(in)o(v)n(alid.)j(A)c(v)n(alue)g(of)h -(zero)g(in)f(the)i(User)254 862 y(Base)h(Register)f(is)g(in)o(v)n(alid.)i(On) -e(initialization,)c(the)15 b(EBR)f(and)g(UBR)g(are)g(zero.)254 -926 y(When)j(the)g(Executiv)o(e)h(Base)g(Register)f(is)g(in)o(v)n(alid,)e -(executiv)o(e)j(traps)g(\(arithmetic,)e(PDLO)o(V,)h(T)m(rap)f(3\))254 -976 y(are)h(disabled;)h(all)d(other)j(implicit)c(references)20 -b(to)d(the)g(EBR)g(\(e.g.,)g(in)o(terrupts,)h(Enable)f(P)o(aging,)f(etc.\)) -254 1026 y(will)c(halt)i(the)g(pro)q(cessor.)254 1091 y(When)i(the)g(User)h -(Base)g(Register)f(is)f(in)o(v)n(alid,)f(user)j(traps)f(are)g(disabled;)g -(all)f(other)h(implicit)d(references)254 1141 y(to)h(the)g(UBR)g(\(e.g.,)f -(page{failure,)f(MUUOs,)i(etc.\))20 b(will)12 b(halt)h(the)i(pro)q(cessor.) -254 1205 y(The)f(UBR)g(should)g(b)q(e)g(set)h(up)f(via)f Fu(WRUBR)g -FB(b)q(efore)i(the)f(EBR)g(is)g(set)h(up.)212 1285 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(7/28/94.)f(The)c(sym)o(b)q(ol)d(formerly)g Ft(AM\045CAP)p -FB(,)h(the)i(capacit)o(y)f(of)f(AMEM)i(\(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)f(w)o(ords\),)i -(has)f(b)q(een)254 1334 y(renamed)e Ft(AM.CAP)p FB(.)212 1414 -y Fz(\017)21 b FB(8/3/94.)32 b(The)20 b(Keep{Aliv)o(e)f(timer)f(has)h(b)q -(een)i(assigned)e(its)g(o)o(wn)g(op)q(co)q(de,)i Fu(WRKP)m(A)p -FB(,)c(an)i(immedia)o(te)254 1464 y(op)q(eration)f(to)g(set)h(the)f(v)n(alue) -g(of)f(the)i(time)d(p)q(erio)q(d.)31 b(Keep{Aliv)o(e)19 b(facilities)e(in)g -Fu(W)o(CTRLF)h FB(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)254 1514 y(expunged)g(\(and)g(the)h -(diagram)c(w)o(as)j(up)q(dated)h(5/2/95\).)28 b(The)19 b(lo)q(cations)e -Ft(AM\045KPV)g FB(and)h Ft(AM\045KPI)e FB(ha)o(v)o(e)254 1563 -y(b)q(een)f(remo)o(v)o(ed)e(and)h Ft(AM\045KPA)e FB(has)i(b)q(een)h(added.) -212 1643 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(8/31/94.)16 b(P)o(age{failure)d(traps)h(and)g(co)q -(des)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)h(c)o(hanged.)254 1708 y(A)h(new)h(bit,)f -Fw(N)7 b FB(,)16 b(meaningful)e(only)h(when)i Fw(H)7 b FB(=0,)16 -b(has)h(b)q(een)g(in)o(tro)q(duced.)27 b(\(It)16 b(o)o(v)o(erlaps)h -Fw(B)t FB(,)f(v)n(alid)f(only)254 1757 y(when)j Fw(H)7 b FB(=1.\))30 -b(When)18 b Fw(N)g FB(is)f(1,)h(the)h(second)g(page{failure)e(w)o(ord)g(is)h -(not)g(determinate.)30 b(This)17 b(co)q(de)i(is)254 1807 y(used)14 -b(in)f(co)q(des)h(2,)f(5,)f(and)h(6,)g(whic)o(h)g(are)h(no)o(w)f(mark)o(ed)f -Fw(H)7 b FB(=0,)12 b Fw(N)7 b FB(=1.)18 b(These)c(w)o(ere)g(co)q(des)h(for)e -(hardw)o(are-)254 1857 y(detected)k(programming)12 b(errors:)22 -b(illegal)13 b(indirect,)i(pager)h(is)f(o\013,)g(and)g Fu(LDLPN)h -FB(failure\).)21 b(As)16 b(these)h(are)254 1907 y(programmi)o(ng)11 -b(faults,)i(they)h(are)h(no)o(w)e(rep)q(orted)j(as)d(\\soft")h(failures.)254 -1971 y(Address)j(F)m(ailure)e(and)g(Illegal)f(Address)j(\(co)q(des)g(1)e(and) -g(3,)h(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely\))h(ha)o(v)o(e)e(b)q(een)i(recategorized)g(as)254 -2021 y(\\soft")c(failures,)g Fw(H)7 b FB(=0,)13 b Fw(N)7 b -FB(=0.)254 2086 y(When)12 b Fw(H)7 b FB(=1,)12 b(the)i(failure)d(is)i(hard;)f -(e.g.,)g(a)g(parit)o(y)g(error,)h(bus)g(timeout,)e(bus)i(busy)m(,)f(etc.)19 -b(These)14 b(failures,)254 2136 y(mostly)f(unexp)q(ected)k(b)o(y)e(the)h -(soft)o(w)o(are,)f(are)h(not)f(generally)f(a)h(user{related)i(fault.)k -(Hence,)16 b(these)h(trap)254 2186 y(through)c(the)h(EPT)g(instead)f(of)g -(the)h(UPT)g(\(same)e(lo)q(cations)h(though\).)18 b(One)c(further)g -(di\013erence)h(is)e(that,)254 2235 y(if)h(the)i(PI)f(system)g(w)o(as)g(on)g -(at)g(the)h(time)e(of)h(the)g(trap,)h(it)e(is)h(turned)i(o\013)e(and)g(bit)g -(13)f(of)h(the)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)f(\015ags)254 2285 y(and)f(con)o(text)g(w)o(ord) -g(will)e(b)q(e)j(set)g(to)e(1.)18 b Fu(XJRSTF)13 b FB(in)h(exec)h(mo)q(de)d -(will)h(restore)i(PI)g(on)e(from)f(this)i(\015ag)g(bit,)254 -2335 y(if)f(set.)19 b([Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)13 b(some)g(of)g(these)j(c)o(hanges) -e(w)o(ere)h(rev)o(ersed)h(on)e(9/27/94.])254 2400 y(The)f(page{failure)f(co)q -(de)i(\014eld)f(\()p Ft(PF\045FLC)p FB(\))f(has)i(b)q(een)g(mo)o(v)o(ed)d -(righ)o(t)i(four)g(bits)g(\(to)g(12{17\))f(for)h(the)g(sak)o(e)h(of)254 -2449 y(b)q(eing)g(able)f(to)h(read)g(it)g(in)f(o)q(ctal.)212 -2529 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(9/9/94.)k(An)17 b(explanation)f(of)g(ho)o(w)g -Fr(E)e FB(+)d(1)17 b(is)f(calculated)h(when)h(the)f(in{section)g(comp)q(onen) -o(t)f(of)g Fr(E)j FB(is)254 2579 y(777777)11 b(has)i(b)q(een)h(added)f(to)f -(the)h(explanation)f(of)g Fu(DMO)o(VE)p FB(.)g(Reference)i(to)f(that)f -(explanation)g(has)h(b)q(een)254 2629 y(added)h(to)g(other)g(instructions)h -(that)f(ha)o(v)o(e)f(double)h(w)o(ord)g(and)g(m)o(ulti{w)o(ord)d(op)q -(erands.)p eop -%%Page: 14 14 -14 13 bop 0 50 a FB(xiv)62 195 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(9/13/94.)d(Sym)o(b)q(olic)12 -b(names)h(ha)o(v)o(e)i(b)q(een)g(added)g(for)f(bits)g(and)h(\014elds)f(in)g -(the)h(CST)g(w)o(ord.)k(The)c(bits)g(are)104 245 y Ft(CST\045WB)p -FB(,)c Ft(CST\045CB)p FB(,)g(and)i Ft(CST\045MB)p FB(;)e(the)i(\014elds)h -(are)f Ft(CST\045SC)f FB(\(state)i(co)q(de\))g(and)e Ft(CST\045AG)g -FB(\(age)h(\014eld)g(of)f(state)104 295 y(co)q(de\).)62 376 -y Fz(\017)21 b FB(9/13/94.)i(Corrected)18 b(the)e(description)h(of)f(the)g -(XNI)970 372 y(-)983 376 y(1)f(Con)o(trol)h(Registers,)h(addresses)h(0)e(and) -g(1.)25 b(The)104 426 y(description)16 b(incorrectly)g(referred)i(to)d(bits)h -(1{4)f(as)g(con)o(taining)g(a)g(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er;)f(in)g(bus)h(address) -h(w)o(ord)104 476 y(format)12 b(\(since)j(8/31/93\),)c(the)k(slot)f(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)f(is)g(in)h(bits)g(3{6.)62 557 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(9/14/94.)f(A)15 -b(new)g(sc)o(heme)h(for)f(setting)g(the)h(cac)o(heabilit)o(y)e(of)h -(references)j(made)13 b(b)o(y)i(the)h(page)f(re\014ll)g(mi-)104 -607 y(cro)q(co)q(de)h(has)g(b)q(een)g(dev)o(elop)q(ed.)22 b(The)16 -b(micro)q(co)q(de)e(page)h(re\014ll)g(pro)q(cedure)i(mak)o(es)d(refrence)j -(to)e(memory)104 657 y(in)f(terms)h(of)f(bus)i(addresses,)h(not)d(virtual)h -(addresses.)23 b(In)15 b(virtual)f(references,)j(the)f(pager)f(en)o(try)h -(deter-)104 706 y(mines)e(the)h(cac)o(heabilit)o(y)g(of)f(the)i(reference)h -(from)d(data)g(in)h(the)h(CST.)e(Because)j(the)f(re\014ll)f(is)g(a)f(ph)o -(ysical)104 756 y(reference,)i(the)f(CST)f(data)g(is)h(not)f(immedia)o(tely)e -(a)o(v)n(ailable.)17 b(Logically)m(,)11 b(it)j(is)h(su\016cien)o(t)f(to)h(ha) -o(v)o(e)f(only)f(a)104 806 y(sp)q(ecial)j(mec)o(hanism)e(to)i(de\014ne)h(the) -g(cac)o(heabilit)o(y)e(of)h(the)g(CST.)g(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)h(for)e(p)q -(erformance)h(reasons,)104 856 y(w)o(e)e(also)f(pro)o(vide)h(sp)q(ecial)g -(mec)o(hanisms)e(for)h(accessing)i(the)g(SPT,)f(EPT,)f(and)h(UPT:)150 -937 y Fy({)21 b FB(In)14 b Fu(WRCSB)p FB(,)f(bit)g(0)h(\()p -Ft(CS\045CSH)p FB(\))f(of)g(the)h(data)g(w)o(ord,)f(if)g(set,)i(means)e(the)h -(CST)g(is)g(cac)o(heable.)150 1002 y Fy({)21 b FB(In)14 b Fu(WRSPB)p -FB(,)f(bit)g(0)h(\()p Ft(SP\045CSH)p FB(\))f(of)g(the)h(data)g(w)o(ord,)f(if) -g(set,)i(means)e(the)h(SPT)g(is)g(cac)o(heable.)150 1067 y -Fy({)21 b FB(In)14 b Fu(WREBR)p FB(,)f(bit)g(9)h(\()p Ft(PG\045CSH)p -FB(\))f(of)g(the)h(data)g(w)o(ord,)f(if)g(set,)i(means)e(the)h(EPT)h(is)e -(cac)o(heable.)150 1131 y Fy({)21 b FB(In)14 b Fu(WRUBR)p FB(,)e(bit)i(9)g -(\()p Ft(UB\045CSH)p FB(\))e(of)i(the)g(data)g(w)o(ord,)f(if)g(set,)h(means)f -(the)i(UPT)f(is)g(cac)o(heable.)62 1213 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(9/15/94.)16 -b(The)e(XRH)459 1209 y(-)471 1213 y(1)g(format)e(co)q(des)j(ha)o(v)o(e)e(b)q -(een)i(in)o(terc)o(hanged)g(and)f(augmen)o(ted.)62 1294 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(9/19/94.)15 b(The)d(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)d Fw(E)17 b FB(m)o(ust)10 -b(b)q(e)i(zero)g(at)g(the)g(start)g(of)e(an)o(y)h(cac)o(he)i(Sw)o(eep)f(All)f -(instruction;)h(C\()p Fw(E)5 b FB(\))104 1344 y(ma)o(y)12 b(b)q(e)i(c)o -(hanged)g(b)o(y)g(a)g(sw)o(eep)h(all)d(instruction)j(that)f(is)f(in)o -(terrupted.)20 b([Withdra)o(wn)12 b(3/13/95.])62 1425 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(9/26/94.)32 b(In)19 b(imm)o(ediate)e(p)q(oin)o(ters)i(\(also)g(in)f(P)o -(age)h(Address)i(W)m(ords\),)f(w)o(e)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g(de\014ned)h(that)f(zero) -104 1475 y(in)d(bits)h(5{7)f(means)g(\\in{memory")d(and)k(non{zero)g(means)f -(not)h(in{memory)l(.)24 b(W)m(e)16 b(allo)o(w)g(bit)g(8)h(to)f(b)q(e)104 -1525 y(used)g(b)o(y)g(soft)o(w)o(are.)24 b(In)15 b(not{in{memory)e(p)q(oin)o -(ters,)j(men)o(tions)e(in)i(this)g(man)o(ual)d(of)i(\\bits)h(4{35")e(b)q -(eing)104 1574 y(a)o(v)n(ailable)g(to)h(soft)o(w)o(are)i(ha)o(v)o(e)e(b)q -(een)j(corrected:)24 b(bits)16 b(8{35)f(are)i(a)o(v)n(ailable)c(sub)r(ject)18 -b(to)e(bits)g(5{7)f(not)h(all)104 1624 y(b)q(eing)e(zero.)62 -1706 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(9/27/94.)27 b(In)17 b(an)g(MUUO,)h(bit)f(35)g(of)g -Ft(UP.UOP)f FB(\(previously)h(unde\014ned\))i(will)d(b)q(e)i(set)h(to)e(1)g -(if)g(the)h(EA)104 1755 y(Calculation)13 b(for)h(the)i(MUUO)f(resulted)h(in)e -(a)g(global)f(address.)22 b(Th)o(us,)15 b(the)g(program)e(that)i(resp)q(onds) -h(to)104 1805 y(the)e(MUUO)h(can)f(kno)o(w)f(whether)i(or)f(not)g(the)h(MUUO) -f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(a)f(global)e(address.)62 1887 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(9/27/94.)i(Rescinded)17 b(a)f(p)q(ortion)g(of)g(the)g(c)o(hange)h -(announced)g(8/31/94.)23 b(In)16 b(hard)h(page{failures,)e(the)104 -1936 y(condition)f(of)f(the)j(PI)e(system)h(\(on)f(or)g(o\013)s(\))h(will)e -(b)q(e)i(rep)q(orted)h(in)f(bit)f(0)g(of)g(the)h Ft(UP.PFF)e -FB(w)o(ord.)20 b(The)15 b(bits)104 1986 y(called)e Fw(B)t FB(,)h -Fw(N)7 b FB(,)13 b(and)h Fw(Y)22 b FB(in)13 b(the)i(page{failure)e(w)o(ord)g -(and)h(in)f(the)i Fu(MAP)e FB(w)o(ord)h(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)h(remo)o(v)o -(ed.)62 2067 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(9/28/94.)28 b(Added)19 b(page{failure)e(co)q -(de)h Ft(PF.ZPC)p FB(,)e(Zero)j(PC.)f(Mark)o(ed)g(the)g(three)i(W)m(rite)d -(Not)h(Allo)o(w)o(ed)104 2117 y(co)q(des)e(with)f Fr(V)23 b -FB(=)13 b(1.)22 b(Changed)15 b(the)g(Cac)o(he)h(Line)f(Scram)o(bled)f -(de\014nition)h(to)g(set)h Fr(B)g FB(=)d(0)i(and)g(to)g(delete)104 -2167 y(men)o(tion)e(of)i Fr(Y)9 b FB(.)22 b(Added)16 b(new)f(page{failure)g -(bit)f Ft(PF.RTP)p FB(,)g(recursiv)o(e)i(trap,)g(a)f(mo)q(di\014er)e(to)i -(hard)h(failure)104 2217 y(co)q(des.)62 2298 y Fz(\017)21 b -FB(10/3/94.)i(Changed)17 b(page{failure)e(co)q(des)j(p)q(er)f(new)g(micro)q -(co)q(de)f(sp)q(eci\014cation.)26 b(Added)17 b(co)q(des)g(distin-)104 -2348 y(guishing)h(cac)o(he)h(data/tag)f(parit)o(y)g(errors)i(ph)o -(ysical/virtual.)31 b(Deleted)19 b(the)h(co)q(de)f(for)g(MemA)e(parit)o(y)104 -2398 y(error;)d(the)h(condition)e(causes)i(a)f(micro)q(co)q(de)f(halt/reb)q -(o)q(ot.)62 2479 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(10/4/94.)27 b(De\014ned)19 -b(that)e(MUUOs)i(shall)e(set)h(PCS)g(to)g(the)g(PC)g(section)g(from)e(whic)o -(h)i(the)g(MUUO)g(is)104 2529 y(executed.)26 b(This)16 b(is)f(compatible)f -(with)i(what)g(the)g(KL10)g(do)q(es.)25 b(Noth)o(withstanding)15 -b(the)h(failure)g(to)f(b)q(e)104 2579 y(analogous)10 b(with)g(ho)o(w)h -Fu(X)o(CT)g FB(computes)g(addresses)i(lo)q(cal)d(to)h(a)g(target)h -(instruction)f(in)g(a)g(di\013eren)o(t)h(section,)104 2629 -y(this)i(metho)q(d)f(is)h(simple,)d(easy)k(to)e(remem)o(b)q(er,)g(and)h -(implem)o(en)o(table.)p eop -%%Page: 15 15 -15 14 bop 1906 50 a FB(xv)212 195 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(10/6/94.)16 -b(In)c(the)h(description)g(of)f(the)h(use)h(of)d(the)j Fw(A)e -FB(\014eld)g(in)g Fu(PX)o(CT)g FB(in)g(the)h(XKL)1570 191 y(-)1582 -195 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor,)i(the)f(text)254 245 y(has)h(b)q(een)h(up)q(dated)f -(to)g(men)o(tion)e(the)j(use)g(that)f Fu(XBL)m(T)f FB(mak)o(es)g(of)g(bits)h -(11)f(and)h(12.)212 323 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(10/8/94.)h(Split)15 -b(instruction)i(index)f(from)e(main)g(index)i(in)f(preparation)h(for)g -(reissue)h(of)e(the)i(hardcop)o(y)254 373 y(v)o(ersion.)150 -544 y Fs(18)24 b(Octob)r(er)e(1994)i({)f(7)h(July)e(1995)212 -649 y Fz(\017)f FB(10/18/94.)g(Editorial)14 b(corrections)j(to)e(the)h(man)o -(ual)d(published)j(10/8/94:)j(brok)o(en)d(reference)i(to)d(\014gure)254 -699 y(1.2;)21 b(remo)o(v)o(ed)d(bits)i Fw(N)7 b FB(,)19 b Fw(B)t -FB(,)g(and)g Fw(Y)28 b FB(from)18 b(the)i(description)g(of)f(the)h(\014rst)g -Fu(MAP)f FB(w)o(ord)h(and)f(the)h(\014rst)254 749 y(page{failure)13 -b(w)o(ord)g(\(this)h(completes)g(the)h(c)o(hange)f(started)h(9/27/94\).)212 -827 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(10/18/94.)16 b(Added)d(a)g(new)h(instruction,)f -Fu(XJRSTP)p FB(,)f Fu(JRST)h(11,)p FB(.)j Fw(E)j FB(p)q(oin)o(ts)13 -b(to)g(a)g(three)h(w)o(ord)f(blo)q(c)o(k.)18 b(The)254 877 -y(\014rst)e(w)o(ord)g(con)o(tains)f(the)h(\015ags)g(and)f(con)o(text;)i(the)f -(second)h(the)f(new)g(PC;)g(the)g(righ)o(t)f(half)g(of)g(the)h(third)254 -927 y(w)o(ord)g(pro)o(vides)h(data)f(for)g Fu(WRPI)p FB(.)f(This)i -(instruction)g(pro)o(vides)f(atomic)f(restoration)i(of)f(PI,)g(PC,)h -(\015ags,)254 977 y(and)c(previous)i(con)o(text,)f(for)f(DDT.)212 -1055 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(10/19/94.)c(Instructions)e Fu(CMO)o(VE)e -FB(and)h Fu(CMO)o(VEM)f FB(ha)o(v)o(e)h(b)q(een)i(deleted.)k(The)14 -b(de\014nitions)h(of)e Fu(PMO)o(VE)254 1105 y FB(and)i Fu(PMO)o(VEM)f -FB(ha)o(v)o(e)i(b)q(een)g(c)o(hanged)g(to)f(re\015ect)i(that)f(they)g(use)g -(the)g(cac)o(he)g(when)g(making)d(references)254 1155 y(to)h(memory)d(pages)j -(that)g(are)g(de\014ned)h(as)f(cac)o(heable)h(in)e(the)i(CST.)212 -1233 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(10/19/94.)d(Changes)d(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)i(made)d -(to)h Fu(DRDCSH)g FB(and)h Fu(DRDPTB)p FB(.)e(These)j(instructions)f(no)f -(longer)254 1283 y(cause)j(parit)o(y-error)e(traps)i(when)f(parit)o(y)f -(errors)i(o)q(ccur.)25 b(Instead,)16 b(parit)o(y)f(information)e(is)j(rep)q -(orted)h(as)254 1333 y(part)d(of)f(the)i(returned)g(data.)212 -1411 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(10/19/94.)k(Changed)17 b(the)h(name)e(of)g -(page{failure)g(co)q(de)i Ft(PF.TTM)d FB(to)i(b)q(e)h Ft(PF.P2M)p -FB(:)d(\\P)o(ager)i(Tw)o(o)g(T)m(ags)254 1461 y(Matc)o(hed".)j(Added)15 -b(new)g(page{failure)e(co)q(des)j(for)e(\\W)m(rite)f(Not)i(Allo)o(w)o(ed)e(b) -o(y)h(CST")h(and)f(\\Tw)o(o)f(Cac)o(he)254 1511 y(T)m(ags)g(Matc)o(hed".)212 -1589 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(11/2/94.)g(The)16 b(sense)h(of)e(the)i(error)f(bit)f -(in)h(XNI)1051 1585 y(-)1063 1589 y(1)f(device)h(status)h(address)g(0)e(has)h -(b)q(een)g(in)o(v)o(erted:)22 b(the)254 1639 y(bit)13 b(is)h(0)g(to)f(denote) -i(an)f(error.)212 1717 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(11/3/94.)15 b(Corrected)f(the)e -(Global)d(Index)j(Register)g(\014gure)g(in)g(App)q(endix)f(A.)h(Bits)g(1-5)e -(need)j(not)e(b)q(e)i(zero.)254 1767 y(An)j(index)g(register)i(used)f(in)f(a) -g(global)e(indirect)j(w)o(ord)f(is)g(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(global:)21 -b(bits)16 b(6{35)f(are)i(used)g(b)o(y)f(the)254 1817 y(hardw)o(are;)f(bits)g -(0{5)f(are)h(ignored.)21 b(In)15 b(Chapter)g(1,)f(added)i(explanatory)e(w)o -(ords)h(to)g(the)g(description)h(of)254 1867 y(Global)c(Indexing)h(and)h(Lo)q -(cal)g(Indexing.)212 1945 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(11/7/94.)15 b(Revised)c(the)g -(description)g(of)f(the)h(XRH)1063 1941 y(-)1074 1945 y(1)g(and)f(the)h -(CPU's)g(comm)o(uni)o(cation)d(with)i(it.)16 b(De\014ned)254 -1995 y(additional)9 b(status)j(bits)f(in)f(reading)h(device)h(status)g -(address)g(0.)17 b(De\014ned)11 b(tec)o(hniques)i(for)d(reading)h(SRAM)254 -2045 y(and)20 b(DRAM.)g(De\014ned)h(T)m(arget)g(Blo)q(c)o(king,)g(T)m(arget)g -(Blo)q(c)o(king)f(Con)o(trol)g(commands,)f(and)i(T)m(arget)f(is)254 -2095 y(Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)11 b(status.)18 b(De\014ned)11 b(a)g(format)d(bit)j -(as)g(con)o(trolling)e(the)i(in)o(terpretation)g(of)g Ft(.MXDBA)e -FB(as)i(a)f(Command)254 2144 y(List)j(Address)i(or)e(Data)f(Bu\013er)i -(Address.)20 b(Deleted)14 b(use)g(of)e(Message)i(In)g(b)o(ytes.)k(Added)c -(subsubsections)254 2194 y(on)f(Error)i(Rep)q(orting,)e(Error)i(Handling,)d -(Long)h(T)m(ransfers,)h(and)g(Unaligned)f(T)m(ransfers.)212 -2273 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(11/8/94.)16 b(Remo)o(v)o(ed)c(\\I/O)i(Instructions")g -(from)e(the)j(list)e(to)h(whic)o(h)f Fu(PX)o(CT)g FB(do)q(es)i(not)e(apply:)k -(there)f(are)254 2322 y(no)c(I/O)h(instructions.)19 b(Added)13 -b Fu(UMO)o(VE)f FB(and)g Fu(UMO)o(VEM)g FB(to)h(the)g(list)f(to)h(whic)o(h)g -Fu(PX)o(CT)e FB(do)q(es)j(not)f(apply)m(.)212 2401 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(11/9/94.)16 b(Added)d(a)f(w)o(arning)g(in)g Fu(WRPI)g -FB(regarding)g(setting)h(the)h(\\write)e(bad)h(parit)o(y)f(bits")g(while)h -(the)g(PI)254 2451 y(system)g(is)h(on.)k(\(See)d(11/23/94.\))212 -2529 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(11/9/94.)15 b(More)d(XRH)628 2525 y(-)640 -2529 y(1)f(c)o(hanges:)18 b(the)12 b(Byte)g(Coun)o(t)f(\014eld)h(returns)h -(the)f(residual)f(coun)o(t,)h(i.e.,)f(the)h(coun)o(t)254 2579 -y(of)f(b)o(ytes)i(allo)q(cated)f(for)g(the)g(command)e(but)i(not)g(used)h -(for)f(data.)17 b(The)c(description)g(of)e(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(and)254 -2629 y(handling)f(of)i(Rep)q(ort)g(Async)o(hronous)h(or)f(Error)g(Status)h -(MSCBs)f(has)g(b)q(een)h(c)o(hanged)g(and)e(elab)q(orated.)p -eop -%%Page: 16 16 -16 15 bop 0 50 a FB(xvi)62 195 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(11/9/94.)h(Net)o(w)o(ork)16 -b(in)o(terface)g(Device)g(Status)h(Address)g(0)f(format)d(has)j(b)q(een)h(c)o -(hanged.)24 b(When)16 b(other)104 245 y(device)g(subt)o(yp)q(e)g(\014elds)g -(w)o(ere)g(expanded,)g(this)g(device)g(w)o(as)f(o)o(v)o(erlo)q(ok)o(ed.)22 -b(The)15 b(subt)o(yp)q(e)i(has)e(expanded)104 295 y(from)d(3)i(bits)g(to)g(6) -g(bits.)19 b(The)c(Hardw)o(are)g(Revision)e(and)h(Micro)q(co)q(de)h(V)m -(ersion)g(\014elds)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)i(shifted)104 345 -y(to)e(the)g(righ)o(t)f(b)o(y)h(3)g(bits,)f(obliterating)g(three)i(formerly)d -(un)o(used)j(bits)f(at)g(18{20.)62 428 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(11/11/94.)35 -b(Added)21 b(bits)g(in)f(page{failure)f(w)o(ord.)37 b Ft(PF\045VMA)19 -b FB(means)h(the)h(second)g(w)o(ord)g(is)f(a)g(virtual)104 -477 y(address;)g Ft(PF\045PMA)d FB(means)g(the)h(second)h(w)o(ord)e(is)h(a)f -(bus)i(address)g(w)o(ord.)29 b Ft(PF\045DIA)p FB(,)16 b(a)o(v)n(ailable)f -(for)j(hard)104 527 y(failures)13 b(only)m(,)g(means)g(that)h(additional,)e -(implem)o(en)o(tation{sp)q(eci\014c)g(diagnostic)i(information)d(has)j(b)q -(een)104 577 y(stored)g(\(at)f(an)g(as{y)o(et)g(unde\014ned)h(lo)q(cation\).) -j(\\Implemen)o(tation{)o(sp)q(eci\014c")12 b(means)g(that)h(the)g(format)f -(of)104 627 y(this)17 b(information)d(is)j(not)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(as)f(part)h -(of)e(the)i(arc)o(hitecture.)29 b(\(A)17 b(revision)g(of)f(the)i -(page{failure)104 677 y(co)q(des,)c(coalescing)g(most)f(hard)h(failure)f(co)q -(des,)i(is)e(in)h(the)g(w)o(orks)g(but)g(not)g(y)o(et)g(implemen)o(ted.\))62 -760 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(11/16/94.)k(Data)17 b(format)e(c)o(hanges)j(ha)o(v)o(e) -f(b)q(een)h(made)e(in)h Fu(RD)o(APR)e FB(and)i Fu(WRAPR)p FB(.)f(Added)i(t)o -(w)o(o)f(\015ags,)104 809 y Ft(AP\045SHT)h FB(and)h Ft(AP\045INT)p -FB(,)e(b)o(y)i(whic)o(h)g(the)g(console)h(requests)h(system)e(sh)o(utdo)o(wn) -g(and)g(k)o(ernel)h(DDT)e(\(an)104 859 y(unsolicited)9 b(breakp)q(oin)o(t\),) -h(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)17 b(Mo)o(v)o(ed)10 b(the)g(NVRAM)f(Battery)h(Lo)o -(w)f(\015ag)g(to)g(bit)g(28)g(of)g Fu(RD)o(APR)p FB(.)62 942 -y Fz(\017)21 b FB(11/16/94.)16 b(Describ)q(ed)f(XRH)587 938 -y(-)598 942 y(1)f(c)o(hanges.)k(Renamed)13 b(error)h(status)g -Ft(.MXMSC)f FB(to)g Ft(.MXIES)p FB(,)f(in)o(ternal)h(error)104 -992 y(status.)19 b(Do)q(cumen)o(ted)13 b(the)i(ASC)f(\014eld)g(corresp)q -(onding)g(to)g(these)h(co)q(des.)62 1075 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(11/17/94.)i -(Although)15 b Fu(MAP)h FB(do)q(es)h(not)f(reference)i(memory)m(,)c(it)h(in)o -(terprets)j(its)e(e\013ectiv)o(e)i(address)f(as)f(a)104 1125 -y(memory)10 b(address.)19 b(Therefore,)13 b Fu(PX)o(CT)e FB(henceforth)j -(shall)e(treat)h Fu(MAP)f FB(as)g(a)g(memory)e(reference)15 -b(instruc-)104 1175 y(tion.)62 1258 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(11/23/94.)15 -b(P)o(age{failure)c Ft(PF.ZPC)g FB(no)o(w)g(rep)q(orts)i(the)g(BA)-5 -b(W)12 b(of)g(the)g(w)o(ord)g(from)e(whic)o(h)i(the)g(zero)h(PC)f(w)o(as)104 -1308 y(fetc)o(hed.)62 1391 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(11/23/94.)16 b(Data)e(for)g -(diagnostic)f(read/write)i(cac)o(he/pager)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)h -(rearranged.)k(The)c(\\write)f(bad)104 1440 y(parit)o(y)f(bits")h(ha)o(v)o(e) -g(b)q(een)h(remo)o(v)o(ed)e(from)f Fu(WRPI)p FB(.)62 1523 y -Fz(\017)21 b FB(11/23/94.)d Fu(CLRPT)c FB(ma)o(y)f(no)o(w)h(b)q(e)h(executed) -i(under)e Fu(PX)o(CT)f FB(for)g(the)h(purp)q(ose)h(of)e(clearing)g(user)i(en) -o(tries)104 1573 y(in)d(the)i(pager.)62 1656 y Fz(\017)21 b -FB(11/28/94.)j(Pro)o(vided)16 b(new)h(diagrams,)e(bits,)i(text)g(for)f -Fu(DRDCSH)p FB(,)g Fu(D)o(WRCSH)p FB(,)g Fu(DRDPTB)p FB(,)f -Fu(D)o(WRPTB)p FB(.)104 1706 y(W)m(rite)e(bad)h(parit)o(y)f(tag/data)g(w)o -(as)h(remo)o(v)o(ed)f(from)f(the)j(diagram)c(for)j Fu(WRPI)p -FB(.)62 1789 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(11/30/94.)g(The)16 b(descriptions)g(of)f -Fu(SKIP)p FB(,)f Fu(TDN)p FB(,)i(and)f Fu(TSN)h FB(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)i -(rewritten)g(to)e(emphasize)g(that,)104 1839 y(although)d(the)i(instruction)g -(is)f(o)o(v)o(ertly)f(a)h(no{op,)g(the)h(instruction)f(reads)h(memory)d(and)i -(ma)o(y)e(cause)k(side)104 1889 y(e\013ects)e(from)d(the)i(read.)18 -b(Lik)o(ewise,)11 b(the)h(side)g(e\013ects)h(of)e Fu(MO)o(VES)g -FB(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)i(emphasized.)k(A)11 b(paragraph)104 -1939 y(at)g(the)g(start)h(of)e(Chapter)i(2)f(has)g(b)q(een)h(added)f(to)g -(explain)f(that)h(the)h(instructions)f(are)h(describ)q(ed)h(in)d(terms)104 -1988 y(of)g(their)h(o)o(v)o(ert)g(e\013ects)i(and)d(that)h(side)g(e\013ects)i -(not)e(visible)f(to)h(the)g(user)h(\(e.g.,)e(pager)h(re\014ls,)h(CST)e(up)q -(dates,)104 2038 y(c)o(hanges)k(to)g(the)h(cac)o(he)f(con)o(ten)o(ts\))i(are) -e(to)g(b)q(e)g(exp)q(ected.)62 2121 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(12/2/94.)j(Changed)17 -b Fu(APRID)e FB(and)i Fu(SYSID)f FB(data)g(formats.)25 b Fu(APRID)15 -b FB(data)h(has)h(expanded)g(to)g(3)f(w)o(ords.)104 2171 y(Device)f(Status)g -(Read)f(directed)i(to)f(the)g(XKL)851 2167 y(-)863 2171 y(1)g(pro)q(cessor)h -(at)f(addresses)h(0,)e(1,)g(and)h(2)f(no)o(w)h(return)g(the)104 -2221 y Fu(APRID)c FB(data.)17 b(Device)d(Status)f(Read)f(directed)i(to)f(the) -g(XKL)1085 2217 y(-)1098 2221 y(1)f(at)h(addresses)i(3{7)d(no)o(w)g(return)i -(the)f(data)104 2271 y(in)g(MemA)g(lo)q(cations)h(323{327,)d(resp)q(ectiv)o -(ely)m(.)62 2354 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(12/3/94.)16 b(The)e(text)h(has)f(b)q(een)h -(c)o(hanged)f(to)g(emphasize)g(that)g(the)g(resp)q(onse)i(b)o(y)d(the)i(XKL) -1582 2350 y(-)1594 2354 y(1)f(to)g(Device)104 2403 y(Status)h(Request)h(is)f -(handled)g(b)o(y)g(micro)q(co)q(de,)g(not)g(b)o(y)g(hardw)o(are.)22 -b(The)16 b(CPU)f(do)q(es)h(not)f(resp)q(ond)h(with)104 2453 -y(alacrit)o(y)d(to)h(Device)g(Status)g(Request.)62 2536 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(12/7/94.)16 b(Added)f(commen)o(ts)d(to)h(some)g(TD1DEF.MA)o(C)g(en)o -(tries.)p eop -%%Page: 17 17 -17 16 bop 1883 50 a FB(xvii)212 195 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(12/7/94.)h(Cleaned)16 -b(up)g(de\014nitions)f(to)h(sync)o(hronize)h(with)e(new)h(TDBOOT)h(and)e -(Micro)q(co)q(de.)25 b(Mo)o(v)o(ed)254 245 y(some)19 b(NVRAM)g(lo)q(cations:) -29 b(magic)18 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)i(passw)o(ord,)i(default)d(b)q(o)q(ot)h -(path)f(name,)h(and)f(default)254 295 y(dump)d(path)i(name.)27 -b(Sixt)o(y{four)17 b(lo)q(cations)g(at)g(the)h(high)f(end)h(of)f(NVRAM)h(ha)o -(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)i(reserv)o(ed)g(for)254 345 y(micro)q(co)q(de.)28 -b(Allo)q(cated)17 b(some)g(MemA)f(lo)q(cations)h(for)g(page{failure)f -(diagnosis;)i(mo)o(v)o(ed)e(others)i(to)f(b)q(e)254 394 y(consisten)o(t)i -(with)f(new)h(allo)q(cation;)f(aligned)g(MemA)f(lo)q(cations)h(to)g(UPT/EPT)h -(o\013sets.)33 b(Decomitted)254 444 y(some)12 b(MemA)g(lo)q(cations.)17 -b(Collapsed)12 b(the)h(hard)g(page{failure)f(co)q(des)i(to)f(four)f(basic)h -(co)q(des,)h(with)e(details)254 494 y(of)h(\\other)h(hard)g(failure\(s\)")g -(to)g(b)q(e)g(deco)q(ded)h(from)d(other)j(information.)212 -577 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(12/19/94.)j(In)17 b(the)h(app)q(endix,)f(corrected)h -(the)g(sp)q(elling)e(of)g(the)i(mnemonics)c(for)i(the)i(compare)e(string)254 -627 y(\()p Fu(CMPS|)p FB(\))d(instructions.)212 710 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(12/28/94.)16 b(Added)e Fw(E)5 b FB(=0)14 b(to)g(the)h(description)f(of)f -Fu(RDCF)o(G)p FB(.)212 793 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(1/13/95.)16 b(Changed)e(the)h -(date)f(of)f(cop)o(yrigh)o(t)g(notice.)212 876 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(1/13/95.)c(Up)q(dated)e(the)g(description)g(of)f(the)h(memory's)c(resp)q -(onse)17 b(to)d(device)h(status)g(requests.)21 b(Do)q(cu-)254 -926 y(men)o(ted)14 b(ho)o(w)g(the)i(ID)e(R)o(OM)h(is)f(read.)22 -b(The)15 b(b)q(oard)g(serial)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(is)h(held)g(in)f(the)h -(\014rst)h(three)g(b)o(ytes)g(of)254 976 y(the)e(ID)g(R)o(OM.)212 -1059 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(1/13/95.)26 b Fu(PX)o(CT)15 b FB(do)q(cumen)o(tation)h -(c)o(hange:)25 b(Immediate)14 b(instructions)k(are)g(no)o(w)e(do)q(cumen)o -(ted)h(as)g(re-)254 1108 y(quiring)h(the)i Fw(A)f FB(\014eld)g(of)f -Fu(PX)o(CT)g FB(to)h(b)q(e)h(either)g(4)f(or)g(14.)33 b(This)19 -b(is)g(the)h(same)e(as)h(is)g(do)q(cumen)o(ted)g(for)254 1158 -y(\\general")13 b(instructions.)212 1241 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(1/30/95.)i -Fw(L)n(o)n(c)n(al)17 b(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(Wor)n(d)t FB(,)h(a)f(term)g(used)h(in) -f(Chapter)h(1)f(but)g(not)g(de\014ned,)i(has)e(b)q(een)h(de\014ned.)254 -1291 y(Some)12 b(w)o(ording)i(c)o(hanges)g(w)o(ere)h(made)e(to)g(the)i -(extended)g(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(address)f(calculation.)212 1374 -y Fz(\017)21 b FB(1/30/95.)15 b(Added)c(a)f(fo)q(otnote)g(concerning)h -(KL10's)f(handling)f(of)h Fw(S)5 b FB(=0)11 b(in)f Fu(ADJBP)p -FB(:)e(it)i(giv)o(es)g(a)g(No)g(Divide,)254 1424 y(etc.)19 -b(in)13 b(this)h(case.)212 1507 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(1/31/95.)j(Revised)17 -b(the)g(description)g(of)f(the)h(XRH)1102 1503 y(-)1114 1507 -y(1's)f Ft(MX\045INV)f FB(bit)h(in)h(Device)f(Status)i(at)e(address)i(0.)254 -1557 y(When)c(set,)g(it)g(no)o(w)f(means)g(that)h(the)h(in{memo)o(ry)c -(status)k(is)f(stale.)212 1640 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(2/1/95.)15 -b(In)c Fu(RDCF)o(G)p FB(,)d(the)j(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e Fw(A)o(C)c -FB(+1)k(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)i(de\014ned)g(for)e(the)h(case)h(when)f(the)g -(slot)f(con)o(tains)254 1689 y(an)j(XRH)406 1685 y(-)418 1689 -y(1.)k(F)m(or)d(an)f(XRH)695 1685 y(-)707 1689 y(1,)g(do)q(cumen)o(ted)g -(that)h(the)g(200)f(bit)g(in)g(a)h(SCSI)f(ID)h(b)o(yte)f(means)g(to)h(tak)o -(e)f(the)254 1739 y(corresp)q(onding)i(c)o(hannel)f(o\017ine.)212 -1822 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(2/3/95.)g(In)16 b(the)g(XRH)635 1818 -y(-)647 1822 y(1,)f(do)q(cumen)o(ted)g(Device)h(Con)o(trol)f(Request)i(to)e -(address)i(3:)k(the)16 b(program)e(pro-)254 1872 y(vides)i(a)f(BA)-5 -b(W)16 b(and)g(the)g(XRH)762 1868 y(-)773 1872 y(1)g(returns)h(its)e(main)f -(status)i(w)o(ord)g(at)f(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(address.)24 -b(F)m(urther)254 1922 y(emphasized)14 b(the)h(p)q(oten)o(tial)e(bus)i -(timeout)e(and/or)g(busy)i(problems)e(of)h(Device)g(Status)h(Request)g(to)f -(the)254 1972 y(XRH)349 1968 y(-)360 1972 y(1.)k(Added)13 b(t)o(w)o(o)g(more) -e(miscellaneous)h(error)i(co)q(des:)k(\\em)o(ulex)12 b(gross)h(error")g(and)g -(\\em)o(ulex)e(rejects)254 2022 y(an)i(illegal)f(command".)212 -2105 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(2/20/95.)16 b(Added)f(TD1DEF)e(de\014nitions)h(for)f -(memory)f(and)i(XNI)1330 2101 y(-)1342 2105 y(1)f(registers.)212 -2188 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(2/22/95.)28 b(Rede\014ned)19 b Fu(SWPIO)p -FB(,)d Fu(SWPUO)p FB(,)g(and)i Fu(SWPV)o(O)p FB(.)e(All)h(no)o(w)h(require)h -(that)f(bits)f(27{35)g(of)g(the)254 2237 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)e -Fw(E)20 b FB(\(a)15 b(BA)-5 b(W\))16 b(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)h(zero)h(when)f(the)h -(instruction)f(is)g(started.)22 b(Con)o(ten)o(ts)16 b(of)e -Fw(E)20 b FB(ma)o(y)13 b(b)q(e)254 2287 y(c)o(hanged)h(b)o(y)g(the)g -(execution)h(of)e(this)h(instruction.)212 2370 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(2/25/95.)16 b(Rede\014ned)f Ft(NA\045CSN)e FB(as)h(77,)e(address)k(of)d -(XNI)1158 2366 y(-)1170 2370 y(1)h(serial)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(register.)212 -2453 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(2/25/95.)16 b(Corrected)g(a)d(t)o(yp)q(o)h(in)f(the)i -(description)f(of)g Fu(MO)o(VSRJ)p FB(.)p eop -%%Page: 18 18 -18 17 bop 0 50 a FB(xviii)62 195 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(3/2/95.)16 -b(Added)f(to)e(do)q(cumen)o(tation)g(of)g(the)h(string)g(instructions.)k(In)c -Fu(MO)o(VSO)f FB(and)g Fu(MO)o(VST)p FB(,)g(empha-)104 245 -y(sized)18 b(that)g(if)e(the)i(instruction)g(terminates)f(b)q(ecause)j(of)c -(a)i(source)g(data)g(condition,)f(the)h(source)h(b)o(yte)104 -295 y(p)q(oin)o(ter)d(addresses)i(the)e(b)o(yte)g(that)g(caused)h(the)f -(termination)e(and)i(the)h(destination)e(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(ad-)104 -345 y(dresses)j(the)e(last)f(b)o(yte)h(that)g(w)o(as)f(stored)i(successfully) -m(.)26 b(In)17 b Fu(CMPS|)p FB(,)e(rep)q(eated)k(the)e(notice)g(that)f(the) -104 394 y(comparision)e(is)i(on)g(unsigned)g(b)o(ytes.)25 b(\(This)17 -b(a\013ects)g(only)e(comparisions)g(of)g(36{bit)g(b)o(ytes.\))26 -b(Revised)104 444 y(fo)q(otnotes)14 b(whose)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(w)o(ere)h -(sk)o(ew)o(ed.)62 527 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(3/2/95.)26 b(Corrected)19 -b(the)e(description)h(of)e(the)i(in)o(terv)n(al)e(timer)g(to)h(refer)h(to)f -(lo)q(cations)g(100{103)e(of)h(the)104 576 y(EPT.)62 659 y -Fz(\017)21 b FB(3/2/95.)15 b(Corrected)e(the)e(description)h(of)e(the)i -(\015ags)e(in)h Fu(W)o(CTRLF)f FB(and)h Fu(RCTRLF)g FB(for)f(the)i(third)e -(protot)o(yp)q(e)104 709 y(b)q(oard.)62 791 y Fz(\017)21 b -FB(3/10/95.)16 b(Cleaned)e(up)g(diagrams,)e(etc.)19 b(to)13 -b(reduce)j(the)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(complain)o(ts)f(from)g(T)1553 -800 y(E)1576 791 y(X.)62 874 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(3/13/95.)h(Revised)16 -b(the)h(descriptions)g(of)e(the)h(Sw)o(eep)h(All)e(instructions.)25 -b(The)16 b(instructions)h(are)f(in)o(ter-)104 924 y(ruptable,)11 -b(but)h(they)f(sa)o(v)o(e)h(their)f(state)h(in)o(ternally)m(,)e(not)h -(externally)m(.)17 b(Ca)o(v)o(eats)11 b(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)h(added)g(w)o -(arning)104 973 y(ab)q(out)g(executing)i(an)o(y)e(Sw)o(eep)i(All)e -(instruction)h(at)f(in)o(terrupt)i(lev)o(el)e(or)h(in)f(a)h(page{failure)e -(trap)i(handler.)104 1023 y(\(See)i(also)e(4/3/95.\))104 1089 -y(Added)h(Mac)o(hine)g(Chec)o(k)h(page{failure)e(trap)h(co)q(de.)104 -1155 y(Added)j(material)e(describing)i(the)g(XRH)774 1151 y(-)786 -1155 y(1's)f(pro)q(cessing)i(of)e(Rep)q(ort)h(Async)o(hronous)g(or)g(Error)g -(Status)104 1205 y(MSCBs.)i(Added)14 b(material)d(regarding)j(the)g(XRH)917 -1201 y(-)929 1205 y(1's)f(cac)o(he.)19 b(Describ)q(ed)c(the)f(Bus)g(Bad)g -(bits)f(in)h(Device)104 1255 y(Status)g(Read)g(at)g(address)h(0.)62 -1338 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(4/3/95.)15 b(Revised)c(de\014niton)f(of)g -Fu(SWPUA)f FB(and)h Fu(SWPV)m(A)p FB(.)e(If)i(a)g Fu(SWPUA)g -FB(is)g(in)o(terrupted)h(and)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt)104 1387 -y(program)16 b(p)q(erforms)i(another)h Fu(SWPUA)p FB(,)d(then)j(the)g(in)o -(terrupt)g(program's)e Fu(SWPUA)g FB(will)f(start)j(at)f(the)104 -1437 y(b)q(eginning)12 b(and)g(p)q(erform)g(the)h(en)o(tire)h(sw)o(eep;)g -(after)f(the)g(in)o(terrupt)g(program)e(dismisses,)h(the)i(in)o(terrup)q(ed) -104 1487 y Fu(SWPUA)f FB(will)f(terminate)h(immediately)l(.)i(The)g(CPU)f -(handles)g(an)g(in)o(terrupted)h Fu(SWPV)m(A)d FB(similarly)m(.)104 -1553 y(The)17 b(rationale)f(for)h(this)f(is)h(that)g(the)g(in)o(terrupt)h -(program)d(has)i(requested)i(a)e(complete)f(sw)o(eep,)i(whic)o(h)104 -1603 y(migh)o(t)10 b(as)i(w)o(ell)g(b)q(e)h(started)h(from)c(the)j(b)q -(eginning;)f(after)h(that)f(sw)o(eep)h(is)g(complete,)e(it)h(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i -(presumed)104 1653 y(that)h(the)g(in)o(terrupted)h(sw)o(eep)g(is)f(logically) -e(complete)h(as)h(w)o(ell.)62 1735 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(4/5/95.)16 -b(Added)f(bits)f(to)g Fu(W)o(CTRLF)f FB(for)h(dump,)e(diagnose,)h(and)h(reb)q -(o)q(ot)g(functions)g(in)g(TDBOOT.)62 1818 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(4/6/95.)16 -b(Clari\014ed)e(that)g Fu(XBL)m(T)f FB(is)h(legal)f(in)g(section)i(0)e(and)h -(that)g Fu(PX)o(CT)f FB(of)g Fu(XBL)m(T)g FB(ignores)h(PCS.)62 -1900 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(4/7/95.)16 b(Clari\014ed)e(that)g(the)g(XRH)683 -1896 y(-)695 1900 y(1)f(will)g(not)h(alter)g(the)g(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -(in)g(the)i(BA)-5 b(W)14 b(that)g(describ)q(es)i(a)104 1950 -y(transfer;)f(hence,)g(all)e(w)o(ords)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(a)g(BA)-5 -b(W)14 b(\(or)h(b)o(y)e(one)i(command)c(of)j(a)g(command)d(list\))j(are)g(in) -104 2000 y(the)g(same)f(slot.)62 2082 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(4/9/95.)g(Added)c -Ft(AP\045IOR)p FB(,)d(I/O)h(Reset,)i(to)e Fu(WRAPR)p FB(.)f(The)i(e\013ect)i -(is)d(to)h(clear)g(all)e(APR)i(\015ags,)f(to)h(clear)104 2132 -y(the)e(In)o(terv)n(al)g(Timer,)e(and)i(to)f(clear)i(selected)g(bits)f(in)g -(the)g(Console)g(T)m(erminal)e(Status.)62 2215 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(4/14/95.)e(The)c(name)e(\\MSIP")i(has)g(b)q(een)h(c)o(hanged)f(to)g(XRH) -1122 2211 y(-)1133 2215 y(1,)g(corresp)q(onding)g(to)g(the)g(name)f(on)g(the) -104 2264 y(b)q(oard)g(edge.)21 b(A)15 b(new)g(returned)h(CBS)f(\014eld)f(in)g -(the)i(MSCB)f(has)f(b)q(een)i(added:)k(Bus)15 b(is)f(Being)h(Reset,)g(to)104 -2314 y(aid)e(in)g(restarting)i(MSCBs)g(that)f(w)o(ere)g(not)g(\014nished)h -(due)f(to)g(a)f(SCSI)h(bus)h(hang.)62 2397 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(4/28/95.)16 -b(Revised)e(the)h(description)f(of)f Fu(WRITM)p FB(.)62 2479 -y Fz(\017)21 b FB(4/30/95.)15 b(Added)d(an)e(explicit)h(description)g(of)g -(the)g(main)e(status)j(w)o(ord)f(of)f(general)h(bac)o(kplane)g(devices)h(to) -104 2529 y(the)h(explanation)e(of)g(the)i(bac)o(kplane.)k(Expanded)c -Ft(DS\045TYP)e FB(to)h(b)q(e)h(three)h(bits;)e(shortened)i -Ft(DS\045STY)d FB(to)h(\014v)o(e)104 2579 y(bits.)22 b(Added)16 -b Ft(DS\045TST)p FB(,)d(the)j(sym)o(b)q(olic)e(name)g(of)g(the)i(device)g -(and)f(subt)o(yp)q(e)i(\014elds)e(together.)24 b(Remo)o(v)o(ed)104 -2629 y Ft(MX\045STP)p FB(,)12 b(the)i(subt)o(yp)q(e)h(\014eld)f(for)g(the)g -(XRH)807 2625 y(-)819 2629 y(1,)f(in)g(fa)o(v)o(or)g(of)h Ft(DS\045STY)p -FB(.)p eop -%%Page: 19 19 -19 18 bop 1895 50 a FB(xix)212 195 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(5/1/95.)16 -b(Added)f(an)f(app)q(endix)f(con)o(taining)g(program{generated)h(do)q(cumen)o -(tation)e(for)i(TDBOOT.)212 278 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(5/2/95.)d(Added)e(an)e -(NVRAM)h(lo)q(cation)e(for)i(auxiliary)e(terminal)f(p)q(ort)j(parameters.)21 -b(Added)15 b(a)f(\015ag)g(in)254 328 y Fu(W)o(CTRLF)f FB(and)h -Fu(RCTRLF)f FB(to)h(enable)g(the)h(auxiliary)d(terminal)g(p)q(ort.)212 -410 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(5/17/95.)16 b(De\014ned)f(names)e(for)g(XRH)866 -406 y(-)878 410 y(1)h(cac)o(he)g(con)o(trol)g(functions.)212 -493 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(5/17/95.)e(Renamed)13 b(and)i(rep)q(ositioned)g(the)h -(\015ag)e(in)g Fu(W)o(CTRLF)h FB(that)g(enables)g(the)h(auxiliary)d(terminal) -254 543 y(p)q(ort.)18 b(Enabling)13 b(the)h(p)q(ort)h(ligh)o(ts)e(the)h -(corresp)q(onding)h(\\P)o(ort)f(OK")g(LED.)212 626 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(5/18/95.)16 b(Added)f(a)e(note)h(to)g Fu(WRAPR)p FB(:)f(it)g(do)q(es)i -(not)f(sequence)i(through)e(selected)h(options.)212 708 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(5/18/95.)16 b(Added)f Ft(CF\045KPA)d FB(to)i Fu(W)o(CTRLF)g -FB(and)f Fu(RCTRLF)p FB(:)g(Keep)i(Aliv)o(e)e(coun)o(ting)h(enable.)212 -791 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(5/30/95.)i(Reorganized)16 b(the)g(discussion)h(of)e -(page{failure.)24 b(Describ)q(ed)18 b(the)e(implemen)o(tation{)o(sp)q -(eci\014c)254 841 y(information)11 b(stored)k(b)o(y)e(the)i(XKL)824 -837 y(-)836 841 y(1)f(for)f(a)h(hard)g(page{failure.)212 923 -y Fz(\017)21 b FB(6/1/95.)16 b(Renamed)d(\\TD{1")g(to)g(b)q(e)i(\\TO)o(AD) -1004 919 y(-)1015 923 y(1)f(System")f(or)h(\\XKL)1378 919 y(-)1390 -923 y(1)g(pro)q(cessor",)h(as)e(appropriate.)212 1006 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(6/12/95.)16 b(Up)q(dated)f(the)f(discussion)h(of)e(XNI)992 -1002 y(-)1004 1006 y(1)h(to)f(re\015ect)j(the)e(c)o(hanged)h(status)f(w)o -(ord.)212 1089 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(6/12/95.)j(Renamed)15 b(\\k)o(eep{aliv)o(e)h -(trap")g(as)h(\\k)o(eep{aliv)o(e)f(in)o(terrupt.")26 b(The)17 -b(k)o(eep{aliv)o(e)f(in)o(terrupt)h(is)254 1139 y(e\013ectiv)o(e)c -(regardless)h(of)d(the)i(state)g(of)e(the)i(PI)f(system;)g(it)g(do)q(es)g -(not)g(c)o(hange)h(the)f(state)h(of)f(the)g(PI)h(system.)254 -1189 y(W)m(e)g(exp)q(ect)j(to)d(revisit)h(k)o(eep{aliv)o(e.)212 -1271 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(6/13/95.)c(Remo)o(v)o(ed)12 b(XNI)688 -1267 y(-)701 1271 y(1)h(commands)f(for)i(p)q(ort,)g(serial)g(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er,)f(and)h(micro)q(co)q(de)g(v)o(ersion)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)254 -1321 y(These)h(will)e(b)q(e)i(replaced)h(with)e(\014xed)h(lo)q(cations)f(in)g -(XNI)1174 1317 y(-)1186 1321 y(1)g(memory)e(from)g(whic)o(h)j(these)h(v)n -(alues)e(can)g(b)q(e)254 1371 y(read.)k(The)c(command)c(reserv)n(ation)k(sc)o -(heme)f(will)f(b)q(e)h(revised)h(also.)k(R)-5 b(WF)12 b(will)g(write)h(new)h -(descriptions)254 1421 y(of)f(the)i(Message)g(Con)o(trol)e(Blo)q(c)o(ks,)h -(since)g(they)h(di\013er)f(from)e(the)j(description.)212 1503 -y Fz(\017)21 b FB(7/6/95.)e(Replaced)c(section)h(3.2,)d(Initialization)g(and) -i(Console,)f(with)h(sections)h(3.2,)d(Console,)i(and)f(3.3,)254 -1553 y(Initialization.)212 1636 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(7/7/95.)16 -b(Added)f(a)e(w)o(arning)h(ab)q(out)f(bus)i(writes)f(to)g(empt)o(y)f(slots.) -18 b(Made)c(minor)e(edits)j(to)e(\014gures.)212 1719 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(7/7/95.)16 b(Prepared)g(the)e(7/7)f(prin)o(ting.)150 1892 -y Fs(9)23 b(July)f(1995)j({)e(12)h(Octob)r(er)e(1995)212 1999 -y Fz(\017)f FB(7/19/95.)16 b(Figures)e(for)g(the)g(KI10)g(and)g(KA10)g -(section)g(of)f(Chapter)i(4)f(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)i(created.)212 -2082 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(7/21/95.)15 b(The)10 b(description)h(of)e(the)h(W)m -(ord)f(Read)h(Resp)q(onse)h(bus)g(transaction)f(men)o(tions)e(that)i(MISC[7]) -f(is)254 2131 y(the)j(parit)o(y)g(error)g(signal.)17 b(The)12 -b(description)h(of)e(the)i(Status)f(Read)g(Resp)q(onse)h(bus)f(transaction)g -(men)o(tions)254 2181 y(that)i(MISC[7])e(should)i(b)q(e)h(driv)o(en)f(to)f(0) -h(b)o(y)g(the)g(resp)q(onding)g(device.)212 2264 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(7/26/95.)16 b(Do)q(cumen)o(ted)e(the)g(purp)q(ose)h(of)e(the)i(option)e -(jump)q(ers;)g(added)h(\\jump)q(er")f(to)h(the)g(index.)212 -2347 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(8/15/95.)g(Do)q(cumen)o(ted)15 b(XRH)772 -2343 y(-)784 2347 y(1)g(restrictions)i(in)e(long)g(transfers:)22 -b(the)16 b(\014rst)h(w)o(ord)e(of)g(a)g(long)g(transfer)254 -2396 y(command)f(list)j(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(aligned)f(to)h(the)h(\014rst)g(w)o -(ord)f(of)f(a)h(memory)d(line;)k(the)f(address)i(in)d(a)h(\\jump")254 -2446 y(command)11 b(m)o(ust)i(lik)o(ewise)g(b)q(e)i(aligned.)212 -2529 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(8/19/95.)j(Corrected)19 b(an)d(inconsistency)i(in)e -(the)h(de\014nition)g(of)f(a)g(global)f(stac)o(k)i(p)q(oin)o(ter.)27 -b(In)16 b(a)h(global)254 2579 y(stac)o(k)12 b(p)q(oin)o(ter,)g(bit)g(0)f(is)h -(0,)f(bits)h(1{5)f(are)i(unsp)q(eci\014ed,)g(and)f(bits)g(6{17)f(are)h -(non{zero.)18 b(Changed)12 b(a)f(\014gure)254 2629 y(in)i(the)i(app)q(endix.) -p eop -%%Page: 20 20 -20 19 bop 0 50 a FB(xx)62 195 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(8/21/95.)16 -b(Corrected)g(a)d(note)i(regarding)e Fu(MO)o(VNI)p FB(.)18 -b Fu(MO)o(VNI)13 b(A)o(C,0)f FB(sets)j(b)q(oth)f(Carry)g(0)g(and)f(Carry)h -(1.)62 278 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(8/27/95.)29 b(After)18 b(ha)o(ving)f(to)h -(re{deriv)o(e)h(the)g(algorithm)d(t)o(wice,)j(the)f(fo)q(otnote)g(on)g -Fu(DIV)f FB(has)i(b)q(een)g(ex-)104 328 y(panded.)62 411 y -Fz(\017)i FB(9/1/95.)16 b(De\014ned)e(\\Release)f(Cac)o(he)h(Data")e(command) -e(in)j(XRH)1154 407 y(-)1165 411 y(1.)18 b(It)13 b(p)q(ertains)h(to)e(reco)o -(v)o(ery)j(of)d(cac)o(hed)104 461 y(op)q(erations)i(that)g(could)g(not)f(b)q -(e)i(completed)e(without)h(error.)62 544 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(9/5/95.)16 -b(Up)q(dated)f(the)f(table)g(to)g(deco)q(de)h(the)g(status)f(of)g(MSCBs)g -(returned)i(b)q(ecause)g(of)d(a)g(bus)i(reset.)62 627 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(9/6/95.)16 b(De\014ned)f(MSCB)f(for)g(negotiating)f(sync)o(hronous)h -(transfers.)62 710 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(9/12/95.)i(De\014ned)17 -b(En)o(vironmen)o(tal)d(Sense)k(bits)e(in)f Fu(RCTRLF)h FB(\(read{only\).)25 -b(The)16 b(A)o(C)g(F)m(ail)f(signal)g(on)104 760 y(the)f(bac)o(kplane)g(is)g -(actually)f(\(A)o(C)h(F)m(ail\))e(OR)i(\(Thermal)e(W)m(arning\).)62 -843 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(9/13/95.)16 b(Added)f(a)e(new)i(XRH)627 -839 y(-)638 843 y(1)f(error)h(message:)i(CBS)e(\014eld)f(in)o(v)n(alid.)62 -926 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(9/13/95.)16 b(Do)q(cumen)o(ted)e(console)g(parameters.) -62 1009 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(9/21/95.)16 b(Do)q(cumen)o(ted)e(restrictions)h(on) -e(XRH)888 1005 y(-)900 1009 y(1)h(unaligned)f(transfers.)62 -1092 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(9/28/95.)27 b(An)18 b(explanation)e(of)h(ho)o(w)g(to)h -(do)f(transfers)i(of)e(less)h(than)g(in)o(tegral)e(disk)i(sectors)h(has)f(b)q -(een)104 1142 y(added)c(to)g(the)g(XRH)443 1138 y(-)455 1142 -y(1)f(do)q(cumen)o(tation.)62 1225 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(9/28/95.)16 -b(Added)f(further)f(clari\014cation)g(of)f(the)h(in)o(terv)n(al)f(timer.)62 -1308 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(10/4/95.)16 b(Changed)e(XRH)547 1304 -y(-)559 1308 y(1)f(de\014nitions)h(of)f(soft)h(reset;)h(added)f(quietus)h -(reset.)62 1391 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(10/6/95.)16 b(Added)f(de\014nition)e(of)g -Ft(.MDERR)g FB(memory)e(error)k(register.)104 1544 y Fs(17)23 -b(Octob)r(er)g(1995)h({)f(June)g(1996)h(\(Revision)d(01\))62 -1652 y Fz(\017)g FB(10/17/95.)16 b(Up)q(dated)e(a)g(\014gure)g(in)g(the)g -(XRH)835 1648 y(-)847 1652 y(1)g(description)g(to)g(sho)o(w)g(the)g(quietus)h -(reset)g(bit.)62 1735 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(10/24/95.)c(In)d(the)h(description)g -(of)f(the)h Fu(GFL)m(TR)e FB(and)i Fu(DGFL)m(TR)e FB(instructions,)i -(supplied)f(correct)i(v)n(alues)104 1785 y(for)d(the)i(inserted)g(exp)q(onen) -o(ts.)62 1868 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(10/31/95.)c(Added)e(further)g(explanation)e -(of)h(the)h(b)q(eha)o(vior)f(of)g Fu(PX)o(CT)f FB(when)h(the)h(EA)g -(calculation)e(is)h(in)104 1918 y(curren)o(t)h(con)o(text)g(and)e(data)h -(reference)i(is)e(in)g(previous)g(con)o(text.)62 2001 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(11/29/95.)16 b(Added)e(material)e(on)i(the)g(b)q(eha)o(vior)g(of)f(the)i -(XRH)1109 1997 y(-)1120 2001 y(1)f(as)g(a)g(target.)62 2084 -y Fz(\017)21 b FB(1/2/96.)16 b(Editorial)d(revisions)h(to)f(prepare)i -(Revision)e(01.)18 b(Changed)c(the)g(date)g(of)f(the)i(cop)o(yrigh)o(t)e -(notice.)62 2167 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(1/17/96.)j(The)17 b(format)d(of)i(data)g -(stored)i(in)e(hard)h(page{failures)e(has)i(b)q(een)h(revised.)26 -b(EPT)17 b(w)o(ord)g(501)104 2217 y(no)o(w)11 b(con)o(tains)g(page{failure)g -(data,)g(\(o\013set)h Ft(UP.PFD)p FB(\),)e(sp)q(eci\014cally)m(,)h(the)h(con) -o(ten)o(ts)h(of)d(the)i(\\D)f(to)g(D")g(latc)o(h)104 2266 y(at)j(the)h(time)e -(of)g(the)i(failure.)j(The)d(state)g(of)f(the)h(PI)f(system)g(\(PION\))h -(prior)f(to)g(to)h(the)f(failure)g(is)g(stored)104 2316 y(in)f(EPT)i(w)o(ord) -e(502,)g(bit)g(11.)104 2383 y(T)m(emp)q(orarily)m(,)8 b(1B1)i(in)f(micro)q -(co)q(de)h(options)g(\(\\exotic)g(micro)q(co)q(de"\))g(will)f(b)q(e)h(set)i -(to)e(1)g(to)g(indicate)g(the)h(new)104 2432 y(micro)q(co)q(de.)17 -b(When)d(w)o(e)g(upgrade)g(all)e(systems,)i(w)o(e)f(will)f(decomission)h(the) -h(bit.)k(\(Mean)o(while)13 b(TOPS{20)104 2482 y(needs)i(to)f(kno)o(w)f(where) -i(the)g(PI)f(state)g(w)o(as)g(stored.\))p eop -%%Page: 21 21 -21 20 bop 1895 50 a FB(xxi)212 195 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(4/3/96.)i(XRH)510 -191 y(-)522 195 y(1)15 b(do)q(cumen)o(tation)g(c)o(hanges:)23 -b(When)17 b(a)e(target)i(is)f(blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed,)g(all)f(MSCBs)i(are)f -(returned)254 245 y(mark)o(ed)d(\\T)m(arget)i(is)f(Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed";)h(the)g -(former)f(exception)h(for)g(a)f(Request)i(Sense)g(command)c(is)i(remo)o(v)o -(ed.)254 295 y(When)j(a)f(\\Clear)h(T)m(arget)f(is)h(Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed")g -(command)d(is)j(receiv)o(ed,)h(the)g(XRH)1491 291 y(-)1502 -295 y(1)f(will)e(force)j(an)o(y)e(p)q(ending)254 345 y(MSCBs)e(bac)o(k)g(to)g -(the)h(CPU)f(b)q(efore)g(returning)h(the)f(\\Clear)g(T)m(arget)g(is)f(Blo)q -(c)o(k)o(ed")h(MSCB.)212 428 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(4/24/96.)29 -b(In)18 b(an)g(extended)i(KL10,)e(an)g(LUUO)h(from)d(a)i(non{zero)h(section)g -(in)e(exec)j(mo)q(de)d(uses)i(the)254 477 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)14 -b(of)f(EPT)h(lo)q(cation)e(420)h(as)g(the)h(exec)h(address)g(of)d(a)h(4{w)o -(ord)g(LUUO)h(blo)q(c)o(k,)f(b)o(y)g(analogy)f(of)g(the)254 -527 y(b)q(eha)o(vior)h(in)g(user)i(mo)q(de.)i(F)m(ormerly)m(,)11 -b(the)k(man)o(ual)c(said)i(that)h(an)g(LUUO)g(trapp)q(ed)g(as)g(an)g(MUUO.)g -(The)254 577 y(b)q(eha)o(vior)f(of)g(the)h(XKL)632 573 y(-)644 -577 y(1)f(has)h(b)q(een)g(c)o(hanged)g(to)f(corresp)q(ond)i(to)e(the)h -(actual)f(b)q(eha)o(vior)h(of)e(the)i(KL10)f(in)254 627 y(this)h(case.)212 -710 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(4/29/96.)16 b(The)e(section)h(on)f(the)g(XNI)861 -706 y(-)873 710 y(1)g(has)g(b)q(een)h(replaced.)212 793 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(5/2/96.)26 b(Added)18 b(t)o(w)o(o)e(more)g(\015ags)h(to)g -Fu(W)o(CTRLF)g FB(and)g Fu(RCTRLF)p FB(:)f Ft(CF\045ATO)g FB(\(automatic\),)f -(and)i Ft(CF\045DBG)254 843 y FB(\(debug\).)27 b(These)18 b(to)e(increase)i -(the)g(amoun)o(t)d(of)h(information)d(that)k Fv(TDBoot)g FB(can)g(pass)g(to)g -(a)f(newly{)254 892 y(loaded)d(monitor.)212 976 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(5/3/96.)16 b(Miscellaneous)f(clean)o(up.)j(Tied)c(up)g(some)f(lo)q(ose)g -(ends.)254 1042 y(Mo)o(v)o(ed)g(the)h(de\014nitions)f(of)f(MemA)h(and)g -(NVRAM)g(lo)q(cations)f(to)h(an)g(app)q(endix:)18 b(these)d(are)e -Fy(not)f FB(part)i(of)254 1092 y(the)g(arc)o(hitectural)h(sp)q -(eci\014cation.)254 1158 y(Zero)f(PC)h(is)e(a)h(\\hard")f(page-failure.)254 -1225 y(The)h(initialization)d(error)k(co)q(des)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)h(do)q -(cumen)o(ted.)254 1291 y(The)f(in)o(terrupt)h(FIF)o(O)f(bits)g(18{25)e(ha)o -(v)o(e)i(b)q(een)h(do)q(cumen)o(ted)f(more)f(accurately)m(.)254 -1357 y(The)h(CST)g(bits)g(used)h(b)o(y)e(the)i(micro)q(co)q(de)e(are)i -(describ)q(ed.)254 1424 y(The)h(description)g(of)f(\\p)q(ermanen)o(t")g -(executiv)o(e)i(PTB)f(en)o(tries)h(has)f(b)q(een)h(omitted.)22 -b(Nothing)15 b(has)h(b)q(een)254 1474 y(implemen)o(ted)11 b(as)j(y)o(et.)212 -1557 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(5/8/96)15 b(The)j(passw)o(ord)f(for)g(the)h(auxiliary) -d(console)j(has)f(not)g(b)q(een)h(implemen)o(ted.)25 b(The)18 -b(battery)g(life)254 1606 y(estimation)12 b(has)i(not)g(b)q(een)h(implemen)o -(ted.)h(References)g(to)d(these)j(ha)o(v)o(e)d(b)q(een)i(deleted.)212 -1689 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(5/10/96)9 b(The)j(description)g(of)f -Fu(RDPI)f FB(no)o(w)h(omits)f(men)o(tion)f(of)i(write)h(bad)f(parit)o(y;)g -(this)h(should)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)254 1739 y(c)o(hanged)j(11/28/94.)212 -1822 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(5/16/96)15 b(Examples)h(of)g(pro)q(cessor)i -(di\013erences)i(ha)o(v)o(e)c(b)q(een)i(cleaned)g(up.)27 b(An)17 -b(example)e(in)i(whic)o(h)f(the)254 1872 y(XKL)345 1868 y(-)357 -1872 y(1)e(w)o(as)f(said)h(to)g(pro)q(duce)h(a)e(di\013eren)o(t)i(result)g -(than)f(the)g(KL10)g(for)f Fu(F)m(AD)g FB(has)h(b)q(een)h(omitted.)212 -1955 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(5/23/96)12 b(Added)j(NVRAM)e(lo)q(cation)g(for)h -(auto{b)q(o)q(ot)f(dela)o(y)m(.)212 2038 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(5/28/96)14 -b(The)j(Pro)q(cessor)h(Iden)o(ti\014cation)e(co)q(de)i(fragmen)o(t)c(w)o(as)j -(rewritten)g(to)f(more)g(accurately)h(select)254 2088 y(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)e -(pro)q(cessors.)212 2171 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(5/30/96)12 b(Additional)g -(material)g(clarifying)g Fu(BL)m(T)p FB(.)212 2254 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(6/1/96)16 b(Added)h(fo)q(otnote)h(in)e Fu(DFMP)p FB(:)h(the)g(KL10)g(do) -q(es)h(not)f(round)h(negativ)o(e)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(according)g(to)254 -2304 y(the)d(usual)f(rules)h(of)f(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(rounding.)17 -b(When)d(the)g(result)h(is)e(negativ)o(e)g(and)h(the)g(fraction)f(b)q(eing) -254 2354 y(dropp)q(ed)i(is)e(precisely)i(1/2)e(LSB,)h(the)h(KL10)e(adds)h(1)g -(LSB.)g(In)g(t)o(w)o(os)f(complemen)o(t,)f(1)h(should)h(b)q(e)h(added)254 -2403 y(to)f(the)g(LSB)g(of)g(a)f(negativ)o(e)h(result)h(only)e(if)g(the)h -(fraction)g(is)f(strictly)i(greater)f(than)g(1/2)f(LSB.)p eop -%%Page: 22 22 -22 21 bop 0 50 a FB(xxii)0 198 y Fs(6)23 b(June)g(1996)h({)f(30)h(April)e -(1997)i(\(Revision)d(02\))62 306 y Fz(\017)g FB(6/6/96.)h(Corrected)17 -b(the)g(description)f(of)f(MemA)g(lo)q(cation)g Ft(AM\045PFD)p -FB(.)f(It)i(con)o(tains)g(a)f(cop)o(y)h(of)f(the)h(data)104 -356 y(found)d(in)h(the)g(DtoD)f(latc)o(h)h(when)g(a)g(hard)g(page)g(failure)f -(o)q(ccurs.)19 b(\(This)14 b(w)o(as)g(part)g(of)f(the)i(c)o(hange)f(made)104 -406 y(1/17/96.\))62 489 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(6/6/96.)30 b(Corrected)20 -b(the)g(depiction)e(of)g(a)g(lo)q(cal)g(stac)o(k)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(in)f(App)q -(endix)g(A.)h(The)g(righ)o(t)f(half)f(is)104 538 y(no)o(w)12 -b(lab)q(eled)g(\\Lo)q(cal)g(Address)i(of)d(the)i(Latest)g(Elemen)o(t".)k(F)m -(ormerly)11 b(it)h(w)o(as)g(\\In{Section)g(Address)i(...",)104 -588 y(the)h(distinction)f(b)q(eing)g(that)h(lo)q(cal)f(0)g(is)g(an)h(accum)o -(ulator,)d(whereas,)k(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)e(section)h(1,)f(in{section)h(0)f(is)104 -638 y(memory)m(.)62 721 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(6/6/96)12 b(Additional)h(material)e -(clarifying)i Fu(BL)m(T)g FB(b)q(eha)o(vior)h(in)g(the)g(KL10.)62 -804 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(6/7/96.)h(Additional)14 b(clari\014cation)h(regarding)g -(extended)i(addressing,)g(in)e(c)o(hapter)h(1,)g(in)f Fu(BL)m(T)p -FB(,)g(and)g(in)104 854 y Fu(EDIT)p FB(.)62 937 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(6/17/96.)d(New)d(page)g(failure)e(co)q(de,)i Ft(PF.HMC)p -FB(,)e(for)h(hard)h(failures)f(deliv)o(ered)h(subsequen)o(t)h(to)f(pro)q -(cessing)104 987 y(b)o(y)e(the)i(macro{console.)62 1070 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(6/18/96.)h(Added)17 b(sym)o(b)q(ols)d(to)i(supp)q(ort)h -Fv(TDBoot)f FB(and)g(its)f(new)i(facilit)o(y)d(for)i(insp)q -(ecting/correcting)104 1120 y(the)e(cac)o(he)h(and)f(P)o(ager)g(T)m -(ranslation)f(Bu\013er.)62 1203 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(6/24/96.)c(T)m(o)c(supp)q -(ort)i Fv(TDBoot)p FB(,)f(added)g(sym)o(b)q(olic)f(names)g(for)h(the)g(hard)h -(page{failure)e(bits)h(in)g(EPT)104 1252 y(500.)j(Added)e Ft(AP\045HPM)p -FB(.)62 1335 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(6/29/96.)16 b(Corrected)g(de\014nition)d(of)g -Ft(AP\045DPC)p FB(.)62 1418 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(7/17/96.)35 b(New)20 -b(bit)g(in)g(hard)g(page{failure)f(or)h Fu(MAP)g FB(w)o(ord,)h -Ft(PF\045HMF)p FB(,)d(hard)j(map)d(failure.)36 b(Added)104 -1468 y(explanation)13 b(to)g(the)i(description)f(of)g Fu(MAP)p -FB(.)62 1551 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(7/21/96.)30 b(De\014nitions)18 -b(for)g(the)i(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o(k)g(addresses)j(in)d(MemA,)f -Ft(AM\045AB0)g FB(...)32 b Ft(AM\045AB7)p FB(,)17 b(ha)o(v)o(e)i(b)q(een)104 -1601 y(added.)62 1684 y Fz(\017)i FB(8/9/96.)16 b(De\014nitions)e(for)f -(\014elds)i(in)e(the)i(data)e(for)h Fu(WRADB)f FB(ha)o(v)o(e)h(b)q(een)h -(added.)62 1767 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(8/31/96.)16 b(Lo)q(cations)c(421-423)f(in)i -(the)g(UPT)g(are)g(reserv)o(ed)i(for)d(soft)o(w)o(are.)18 b(\(F)m(or)12 -b(compatibilit)o(y)e(with)i(the)104 1817 y(KL10)f(and)h(TOPS-10,)g(the)g -(Monitor)g(is)f(allo)o(w)o(ed)g(to)h(store)g(images)f(of)g(the)h(user's)h -(\\trap)f(instructions")g(in)104 1867 y(these)k(lo)q(cations.)j(TO)o(AD)529 -1863 y(-)541 1867 y(1)14 b(System)g(do)q(es)h(not)f(supp)q(ort)i(trap)e -(instructions,)h(but)g(this)f(is)g(a)h(con)o(v)o(enien)o(t)104 -1917 y(place)i(for)f(the)h(soft)o(w)o(are)g(to)f(store)h(the)h(instructions)f -(to)f(em)o(ulate)g(for)g(the)h(user.\))27 b(Revised)17 b(\014gure)g(3.3.)104 -1966 y(\(Added)d(a)f(second)i(v)o(ersion)f(of)e(the)i(UPT/EPT)h -(con\014guration)e(for)g(KI10)g(P)o(aging)f(Mo)q(de.)19 b(W)m(e)13 -b(ha)o(v)o(e)g(not)104 2016 y(y)o(et)e(commited)e(to)i(supp)q(ort)h(KI)g -(paging.\))k([Subsequen)o(tly)m(,)11 b(w)o(e)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(decided)h(not)f -(to)g(supp)q(ort)i(KI)e(paging)104 2066 y(and)i(this)h(second)h(v)o(ersion)f -(has)g(b)q(een)h(omitted)e(from)f(the)j(do)q(cumen)o(t.])62 -2149 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(10/27/96.)26 b(Sligh)o(tly)16 b(revised)i(the)g -(description)g(of)e(the)i(XNI)1104 2145 y(-)1116 2149 y(1's)f(resp)q(onse)i -(to)e(a)g(Device)h(Con)o(trol)f(bus)104 2199 y(cycle.)62 2282 -y Fz(\017)k FB(12/24/96.)16 b(Added)e(an)g(example)f(of)g(comparison)f(of)i -(t)o(w)o(o)f(double{length)h(\015oating)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.)62 -2365 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(1/3/97.)33 b(Incorp)q(orated)21 b(corrections)g -(suggested)g(b)o(y)e(customer)g(review.)36 b(Up)q(dated)20 -b(cop)o(yrigh)o(t)f(y)o(ear.)104 2415 y(Changed)14 b(compan)o(y)e(name)h(to)g -(\\XKL)h FA(LLC)p FB(".)62 2498 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(1/3/97.)34 -b(The)20 b(instructions)h(that)f(p)q(erform)f(G{format)e(\015oating{p)q(oin)o -(t)h(op)q(erations)i(are)g(not)g(imple-)104 2548 y(men)o(ted)g(in)g(the)h -(XKL)481 2544 y(-)493 2548 y(1.)38 b(Instead,)22 b(they)f(trap)g(as)f -(unassigned)h(co)q(des)h(and)e(are)h(sim)o(ulated)e(b)o(y)h(the)104 -2597 y(op)q(erating)14 b(system.)p eop -%%Page: 23 23 -23 22 bop 1872 50 a FB(xxiii)212 195 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(3/31/97.)g(Added)16 -b(a)g(description)g(of)f(new)h(bac)o(kplane)f(bus)h(cycle)g(t)o(yp)q(es,)h -(\\DoubleW)m(ord)p 1708 195 13 2 v 13 w(W)m(rite)p 1823 195 -V 15 w(Multi-)254 245 y(ple")11 b(and)g(\\DoubleW)m(ord)p 669 -245 V 14 w(Read)p 776 245 V 15 w(Multiple)p 945 245 V 14 w(Request".)18 -b(These)12 b(ha)o(v)o(e)g(not)f(y)o(et)h(b)q(een)g(implemen)o(ted)d(in)i(an)o -(y)254 295 y(comp)q(onen)o(t)i(of)g(the)i(presen)o(t)g(TO)o(AD)855 -291 y(-)867 295 y(1)f(System.)212 378 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(4/16/97.)j(Changed)16 -b(telephone)i(area)e(co)q(de)i(on)e(the)h(title)f(page.)26 -b(\(Our)17 b(lo)q(cal)f(pro)o(vider)g(sa)o(ys)h(that)f(the)254 -428 y(new)c(425)g(area)g(co)q(de)h(will)d(b)q(e)j(usable)f(b)o(y)g(the)h(b)q -(eginning)e(of)h(Ma)o(y)m(,)f(1997)g(and)h(mandatory)e(b)q(efore)j(the)f(end) -254 477 y(of)h(the)i(y)o(ear.)j(If)13 b(425)g(fails,)g(try)h(area)g(206.\)) -212 560 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(4/24/97.)j(Corrected)18 b(t)o(yp)q(ographical)d -(errors.)27 b(Up)q(dated)17 b(certain)g(p)q(ortions)g(to)f(re\015ect)i(c)o -(hanges)f(made)254 610 y(b)o(y)c(the)i(June)g(1982)e(up)q(dates)h(to)g(the)h -(Digital)c(v)o(ersion)j(of)g(this)g(man)o(ual.)150 783 y Fs(30)24 -b(April)d(1997)k(|)d(presen)n(t)h(\(Revision)e(03\))212 891 -y Fz(\017)g FB(6/4/97.)c(Reformatted)c(T)m(able)g(3.2)h(to)g(\014t)g(prop)q -(erly)g(on)g(one)h(page.)j(Fixed)d(title)f(page)g(to)g(sho)o(w)g(the)h(new) -254 941 y(revision)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)212 1024 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(10/6/97.)i(Corrected)18 b(the)f(sp)q(elling)e(of)h(the)h(instruction)f -(mnemonics)e(for)i Ft(GDFIX)f FB(and)h Ft(GDFIXR)f FB(in)h(Ap-)254 -1073 y(p)q(endix)e(A.2.)j(Corrected)f(a)d(sorting)h(problem)f(in)g(App)q -(endix)h(A.3.)212 1156 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(9/26/98.)f(Added)c(a)f(preliminary)e -(description)i(of)g(XMG)1193 1152 y(-)1204 1156 y(3.)22 b(Corrected)17 -b(the)f(names)e(and)h(descriptions)254 1206 y(of)j(bac)o(kplane)g(cycle)h(t)o -(yp)q(es)g(that)g(supp)q(ort)g(longw)o(ord)e(transfers)j(\(that)f(w)o(ere)g -(added)g(3/31/97\).)30 b(The)254 1256 y(XMG)358 1252 y(-)369 -1256 y(3implemen)o(ts)12 b(these.)212 1339 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(9/26/98.)j -(Added)18 b(a)e(description)h(of)f Fv(TDBoot)p FB('s)h(\\de\014ne)h(slot)e -Fr(n)h FB(o\013{line")e(and)i(\\...)25 b(on{line")15 b(com-)254 -1389 y(mands.)h(Added)c(de\014nitions)g(of)g(NVRAM)f(and)h(AMEM)g(lo)q -(cations)g(needed)h(to)f(supp)q(ort)g(this)g(command.)p eop -%%Page: 24 24 -24 23 bop 0 50 a FB(xxiv)p eop -%%Page: 25 25 -25 24 bop 150 50 a Fq(CONTENTS)1499 b FB(xxv)150 531 y FF(Con)m(ten)m(ts)150 -792 y Fy(Preface)1619 b(v)150 887 y(Revision)14 b(History)1395 -b(vii)150 982 y(List)14 b(of)i(Figures)1405 b(xxxi)150 1076 -y(List)14 b(of)i(T)l(ables)1402 b(xxxiv)150 1171 y(1)38 b(In)o(tro)q(duction) -1447 b(1)212 1225 y FB(1.1)42 b(TO)o(AD)434 1221 y(-)446 1225 -y(1)13 b(System)g(Organization)e Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)78 b FB(4)308 1278 y(1.1.1)46 b(The)14 b(XKL)617 1274 -y(-)629 1278 y(1)g(Cen)o(tral)g(Pro)q(cessor)i Fr(:)k(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)78 b FB(6)308 1331 y(1.1.2)46 b(TO)o(AD)567 1327 y(-)578 -1331 y(1)14 b(System)f(Memory)27 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)78 b FB(9)212 1385 y(1.2)42 b(KL10{based)14 b(System)f(Organization)e -Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(11)308 1438 -y(1.2.1)46 b(The)14 b(KL10)f(Pro)q(cessor)28 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(11)308 1492 y(1.2.2)46 b(KL10)13 -b(Memory)37 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)57 b FB(17)308 1545 y(1.2.3)46 b(Memory)12 b(Characteristics)30 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(18)212 -1598 y(1.3)42 b(KS10{based)14 b(System)f(Organization)h Fr(:)21 -b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(20)308 1652 y(1.3.1)46 -b(KS10)13 b(Memory)40 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(24)212 1705 y(1.4)42 b(Timesharing)12 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(25)212 1759 y(1.5)42 b(Num)o(b)q(er)13 -b(System)g Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(29)308 1812 y(1.5.1)46 b(Fixed{P)o(oin)o(t)13 -b(Num)o(b)q(ers)33 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 -b FB(29)308 1865 y(1.5.2)46 b(Floating)12 b(P)o(oin)o(t)h(Num)o(b)q(ers)23 -b Fr(:)d(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(31)308 -1919 y(1.5.3)46 b(G{format)11 b(Floating{P)o(oin)o(t)h(Num)o(b)q(ers)21 -b Fr(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(32)212 1972 y(1.6)42 b(Instruction)14 -b(F)m(ormat)22 b Fr(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(33)212 2026 y(1.7)42 b(E\013ectiv)o(e{Address)16 -b(Calculation)j Fr(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) -f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 -b FB(36)308 2079 y(1.7.1)46 b(Section)14 b(Zero)h(E\013ectiv)o(e{Address)h -(Calculation)33 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(36)308 2132 y(1.7.2)46 b(Extended)15 -b(E\013ectiv)o(e{Address)h(Calculation)23 b Fr(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) -f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(38)212 -2186 y(1.8)42 b(Programmi)o(ng)11 b(Con)o(v)o(en)o(tions)k -Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 -b FB(43)212 2239 y(1.9)42 b(KI10)13 b(and)h(KA10)g(Characteristics)24 -b Fr(:)c(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(46)308 -2292 y(1.9.1)46 b(Memory)20 b Fr(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(47)150 2387 y Fy(2)38 -b(User)15 b(Op)q(erations)1345 b(51)212 2441 y FB(2.1)42 b(F)m(ull{W)m(ord)11 -b(Data)j(T)m(ransmission)j Fr(:)j(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 -b FB(53)308 2494 y(2.1.1)46 b(Exc)o(hange)14 b(Instruction)d -Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b -FB(53)308 2548 y(2.1.2)46 b(Mo)o(v)o(e)13 b(Instruction)i(Class)c -Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(53)308 -2601 y(2.1.3)46 b(Extended)15 b(Mo)o(v)o(e)e(Immediate)36 b -Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(56)p eop -%%Page: 26 26 -26 25 bop 0 50 a FB(xxvi)1486 b Fq(CONTENTS)158 195 y FB(2.1.4)46 -b(Double)13 b(Mo)o(v)o(e)h(Instructions)26 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(56)158 248 y(2.1.5)46 b(Blo)q(c)o(k)13 b(T)m(ransfers)20 -b Fr(:)g(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 -b FB(58)62 302 y(2.2)42 b(Fixed{P)o(oin)o(t)13 b(Arithmetic)34 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 -b FB(62)158 355 y(2.2.1)46 b(Single{Precision)13 b(Instructions)37 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(63)158 409 y(2.2.2)46 -b(Double{Precision)13 b(Instructions)k Fr(:)j(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 -b FB(66)62 462 y(2.3)42 b(Floating{P)o(oin)o(t)11 b(Arithmetic)17 -b Fr(:)j(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 -b FB(67)158 515 y(2.3.1)46 b(Scaling)41 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(69)158 -569 y(2.3.2)46 b(Num)o(b)q(er)13 b(Con)o(v)o(ersion)37 b Fr(:)21 -b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(70)158 -622 y(2.3.3)46 b(Single{Precision)13 b(with)h(Rounding)e Fr(:)20 -b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(76)158 676 y(2.3.4)46 b(Single{Precision)13 -b(without)h(Rounding)j Fr(:)j(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(78)158 729 -y(2.3.5)46 b(Double{Precision)19 b Fr(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(80)158 782 y(2.3.6)46 b(Gian)o(t{F)m(orm)o(at)11 -b(Extended{Range)k(Double)e(Precision)18 b Fr(:)i(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(82)158 836 y(2.3.7)46 -b(KA10)13 b(Soft)o(w)o(are)h(Double{Precision)21 b Fr(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 -b FB(84)62 889 y(2.4)42 b(Bo)q(olean)13 b(F)m(unctions)34 b -Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 -b FB(87)62 943 y(2.5)42 b(Shift)13 b(and)h(Rotate)33 b Fr(:)20 -b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 -b FB(94)62 996 y(2.6)42 b(Arithmetic)13 b(T)m(esting)25 b Fr(:)20 -b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 -b FB(97)158 1049 y(2.6.1)46 b(Add)14 b(One)g(to)g(Both)g(Halv)o(es)g(of)f(A)o -(C)h(and)g(Jump)h Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(97)158 1103 y(2.6.2)46 b(Comparisons,)11 -b(Skips,)j(and)f(Jumps)f Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 -b FB(98)62 1156 y(2.7)42 b(Logical)12 b(T)m(esting)i(and)g(Mo)q(di\014cation) -27 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(103)62 -1209 y(2.8)42 b(Half{W)m(ord)12 b(Data)h(T)m(ransmission)e -Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(110)158 -1263 y(2.8.1)46 b(Extended)15 b(Half{W)m(ord)d(Left)i(to)g(Left)g(Immediate) -33 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)37 b FB(118)62 1316 y(2.9)42 b(Program)12 b(Con)o(trol)28 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)37 b FB(118)158 1370 y(2.9.1)46 b(The)14 b(Execute)h(Instruction)20 -b Fr(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(119)158 -1423 y(2.9.2)46 b(Conditional)12 b(Jumps)20 b Fr(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(120)158 1476 y(2.9.3)46 -b(Program)12 b(Flags)33 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(121)158 1530 y(2.9.4)46 b(The)14 -b(JRST)g(Instruction)27 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)37 b FB(126)158 1583 y(2.9.5)46 b(Subroutine)14 b(Calling)22 -b Fr(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(131)158 1637 y(2.9.6)46 b(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)14 b(T)m(rapping)25 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(134)291 1690 y(2.9.6.1)50 b(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)14 b(T)m(rapping)f(in)g -(the)i(KL10,)e(KS10,)g(and)h(KI10)f(Pro)q(cessors)41 b Fr(:)21 -b(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(135)291 1743 y(2.9.6.2)50 b(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)14 -b(T)m(rapping)f(in)g(the)i(XKL)1025 1739 y(-)1037 1743 y(1)f(Pro)q(cessor)27 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(136)62 1797 y(2.10)21 b(Stac)o(k)14 b(Op)q(erations)25 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)37 b FB(137)62 1850 y(2.11)21 b(Byte)14 b(Manipulation)25 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)37 b FB(143)62 1904 y(2.12)21 b(String)13 b(Manipulation)32 -b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(149)62 1957 y(2.13)21 b(Decimal)12 b(Con)o(v)o(ersion)40 -b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(158)62 2010 y(2.14)21 b(String)13 b(Editing)g Fr(:)20 -b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)37 b FB(163)62 2064 y(2.15)21 b(Programmi)o(ng)11 b(Examples)29 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(170)158 2117 y(2.15.1)25 b(Pro)q(cessor)15 b(Iden)o(ti\014cation)36 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(170)158 -2170 y(2.15.2)25 b(P)o(arit)o(y)h Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(171)158 -2224 y(2.15.3)25 b(Rev)o(ersing)14 b(the)g(Order)h(of)f(Digits)21 -b Fr(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(174)158 2277 y(2.15.4)25 -b(Coun)o(ting)13 b(Ones)31 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) -h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(175)158 2331 y(2.15.5)25 b(Num)o(b)q(er)13 -b(Con)o(v)o(ersion)37 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)37 b FB(177)158 2384 y(2.15.6)25 b(T)m(able)13 b(Searc)o(hing)45 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(178)158 2437 y(2.15.7)25 b(List)13 b(Manipulation)37 b -Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(179)158 2491 y(2.15.8)25 b(Extended)15 b(Addressing)45 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b -FB(179)62 2544 y(2.16)21 b(Unimplemen)o(ted)12 b(Op)q(erations)31 -b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(182)158 2598 y(2.16.1)25 b(LUUOs)35 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(182)p -eop -%%Page: 27 27 -27 26 bop 150 50 a Fq(CONTENTS)1476 b FB(xxvii)308 195 y(2.16.2)25 -b(MUUOs)e Fr(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(183)441 248 y(2.16.2.1)29 b(XKL)702 -244 y(-)714 248 y(1)14 b(MUUOs)38 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)37 b FB(184)441 302 y(2.16.2.2)29 b(Extended)15 b(KL10)f(MUUOs)38 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(184)441 355 y(2.16.2.3)29 -b(Single{section)14 b(KL10)f(MUUOs)21 b Fr(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) -f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(186)441 -409 y(2.16.2.4)29 b(KS10)13 b(MUUOs)34 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(186)441 462 y(2.16.2.5)29 b(KI10)13 b(MUUOs)42 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(186)441 -515 y(2.16.2.6)29 b(KA10)14 b(MUUOs)25 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(187)212 569 y(2.17)21 b(KS10)13 b(Input{Output)i -(Instructions)33 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(187)212 622 y(2.18)21 b(Pre{KS10)14 b(Input{Output)h(Instructions)f -Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(191)212 676 y(2.19)21 -b(User)15 b(Programming)22 b Fr(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(195)150 770 y Fy(3)h(TO)o(AD)355 -766 y(-)369 770 y(1)15 b(System)g(and)g(XKL)771 766 y(-)785 -770 y(1)h(Pro)q(cessor)f(Op)q(erations)603 b(197)212 824 y -FB(3.1)42 b(TO)o(AD)434 820 y(-)446 824 y(1)13 b(System)g(Bac)o(kplane)i(Bus) -42 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(198)308 -877 y(3.1.1)46 b(Request)14 b(T)m(ransactions)42 b Fr(:)20 -b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(200)308 -931 y(3.1.2)46 b(Request{and{Return)14 b(T)m(ransactions)32 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(201)308 984 y(3.1.3)46 b(Sp)q(ecial)13 -b(Bus)i(F)m(unctions)30 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)37 b FB(203)308 1037 y(3.1.4)46 b(XKL)532 1033 y(-)544 1037 -y(1)13 b(Bus)i(Op)q(eration)f(Instructions)24 b Fr(:)c(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) -h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(203)308 1091 y(3.1.5)46 b(Comm)n(unication)11 b(Bet)o(w)o(een)k(the)f -(Pro)q(cessor)i(and)e(Devices)38 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(206)308 1144 y(3.1.6)46 b(Iden)o(ti\014cation)13 -b(of)h(Bac)o(kplane)g(Devices)19 b Fr(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b -FB(206)212 1198 y(3.2)42 b(Console)34 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(207)308 1251 y(3.2.1)46 b(Console)13 b(State)i(T)m(ransitions)28 -b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(210)308 -1304 y(3.2.2)46 b(Micro{Console)13 b(Messages)18 b Fr(:)i(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(210)308 1358 y(3.2.3)46 b(Console)13 -b(T)m(erminal)f(Programming)d Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(211)308 1411 y(3.2.4)46 b(Auxiliary)12 b(P)o(ort)38 b -Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(214)308 1465 y(3.2.5)46 b(Console)13 b(Commands)37 b Fr(:)21 -b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(214)308 -1518 y(3.2.6)46 b(Console)13 b(Comm)o(unicatio)o(n)e(Characteristics)29 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(214)212 1571 y(3.3)42 b(Pro)q(cessor)16 -b(Initialization)d Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(214)308 1625 y(3.3.1)46 b(Bo)q(ot)14 b(R)o(OM)34 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)37 b FB(216)308 1678 y(3.3.2)46 b(Initial)12 b(Program)g(En)o(vironmen)o -(t)29 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(217)212 -1731 y(3.4)42 b(Priorit)o(y)13 b(In)o(terrupt)k Fr(:)j(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) -h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(217)308 -1785 y(3.4.1)46 b(Sources)15 b(of)e(In)o(terrupts)19 b Fr(:)i(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(217)308 1838 y(3.4.2)46 -b(Priorit)o(y)13 b(Lev)o(els)35 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(218)308 1892 y(3.4.3)46 -b(In)o(terrupt)15 b(Requests)25 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(218)308 1945 y(3.4.4)46 b(In)o(terrupt)15 -b(Acceptance)e Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(219)308 1998 y(3.4.5)46 b(In)o(terrupt)15 b(Pro)q(cessing)27 -b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(220)308 2052 y(3.4.6)46 b(In)o(terrupt)15 b(Dismissal)d -Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(220)308 2105 y(3.4.7)46 b(In)o(terrupt)15 b(Register)37 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(221)308 2159 y(3.4.8)46 b(Program)12 b(Con)o(trol)h(of)g(the)i(Priorit)o -(y)e(In)o(terrupt)i(System)39 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(223)308 2212 y(3.4.9)46 b(Sp)q(ecial)13 -b(Considerations)21 b Fr(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(225)308 2265 y(3.4.10)25 b(Programmi)o(ng)11 b(Suggestions)23 -b Fr(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(226)212 -2319 y(3.5)42 b(Cac)o(he)14 b(Op)q(erations)h Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(226)308 -2372 y(3.5.1)46 b(Cac)o(he)14 b(Programming)23 b Fr(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(227)308 2426 y(3.5.2)46 -b(Cac)o(he)14 b(Sw)o(eeping)g(Instructions)40 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)37 b FB(228)308 2479 y(3.5.3)46 b(Cac)o(he)14 b(Diagnostic)f -(Instructions)j Fr(:)k(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(230)308 -2532 y(3.5.4)46 b(Cac)o(he)14 b(Managemen)o(t)40 b Fr(:)21 -b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(233)212 -2586 y(3.6)42 b(XKL)399 2582 y(-)411 2586 y(1)14 b(Pro)q(cessor)h(In)o -(ternal)f(Memory)28 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(233)p eop -%%Page: 28 28 -28 27 bop 0 50 a FB(xxviii)1462 b Fq(CONTENTS)158 195 y FB(3.6.1)46 -b(MemA)16 b Fr(:)k(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) -h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(233)291 248 y(3.6.1.1)50 b(Op)q(erations)14 -b(on)g(MemA)27 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(234)291 -302 y(3.6.1.2)50 b(MemA)13 b(Sp)q(eci\014c)i(Lo)q(cations)24 -b Fr(:)c(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(234)158 355 y(3.6.2)46 b(Non{V)m(olatile)11 -b(RAM)18 b Fr(:)i(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(234)291 409 y(3.6.2.1)50 b(Op)q(erations)14 b(on)g(NVRAM)20 -b Fr(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(234)291 462 y(3.6.2.2)50 -b(NVRAM)14 b(Sp)q(eci\014c)h(Lo)q(cations)h Fr(:)k(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(235)62 515 y(3.7)42 b(P)o(aging)13 b(and)g(Memory)g(Managemen)o(t)e -Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(235)158 -569 y(3.7.1)46 b(P)o(aging)14 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(236)291 -622 y(3.7.1.1)50 b(P)o(ager)14 b(T)m(ranslation)f(Bu\013er)38 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(238)291 676 y(3.7.1.2)50 -b(P)o(ager)14 b(T)m(ranslation)f(Bu\013er)i(Diagnostic)e(Instructions)22 -b Fr(:)f(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(241)291 -729 y(3.7.1.3)50 b(Use)15 b(of)e(the)h(PTB)39 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(244)291 782 y(3.7.1.4)50 b(P)o(age)14 -b(Re\014ll)30 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(245)291 836 y(3.7.1.5)50 b(Sp)q(ecial)14 b(T)m(ables)33 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(246)291 -889 y(3.7.1.6)50 b(P)o(aging)13 b(P)o(oin)o(ters)38 b Fr(:)21 -b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(248)291 943 y(3.7.1.7)50 -b(Re\014ll)13 b(Pro)q(cedure)33 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)37 b FB(252)291 996 y(3.7.1.8)50 b(P)o(age)14 b(F)m(ailure)33 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b -FB(254)158 1049 y(3.7.2)46 b(Memory)12 b(Managemen)o(t)33 b -Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(263)291 -1103 y(3.7.2.1)50 b(P)o(ager)14 b(Programming)21 b Fr(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)37 b FB(269)291 1156 y(3.7.2.2)50 b(Use)15 b(of)e(P)o(aging)g(to)g -(Supp)q(ort)i(TOPS{20)27 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(270)158 1209 y(3.7.3)46 -b(MAP)14 b(Instruction)23 b Fr(:)d(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(270)158 1263 y(3.7.4)46 b(Previous{Con)o(text)14 -b(Reference)k Fr(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(272)291 -1316 y(3.7.4.1)50 b(Previous{Con)o(text)14 b(Execute)39 b Fr(:)20 -b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(273)291 1370 y(3.7.4.2)50 b(Other)15 b(References)h(to)e -(the)g(Previous)g(Con)o(text)g Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(276)158 1423 y(3.7.5)46 b(Address)15 -b(Debugging)e Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(276)62 1476 y(3.8)42 b(Timing)9 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(278)158 1530 y(3.8.1)46 b(In)o(terv)n(al)13 b(Timer)g(Programmi)o(ng)31 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(278)158 1583 -y(3.8.2)46 b(Time{Base)35 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(280)158 1637 y(3.8.3)46 -b(Keep{Aliv)o(e)14 b(Timer)33 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(281)62 1690 y(3.9)42 b(Other)15 b(CPU)f(Con)o(trols)g -(and)f(Status)41 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(282)158 1743 y(3.9.1)46 b(Error)14 b(Monitoring)19 b Fr(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(282)158 -1797 y(3.9.2)46 b(Con)o(trol)13 b(Flags)20 b Fr(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(285)158 1850 -y(3.9.3)46 b(Pro)q(cessor)15 b(and)f(System)g(Iden)o(ti\014cation)36 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(287)62 1904 y(3.10)21 b(Resp)q(onse)15 -b(b)o(y)e(the)i(XKL)560 1900 y(-)572 1904 y(1)f(Pro)q(cessor)i(as)e(a)f -(Device)f Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(290)158 1957 y(3.10.1)25 -b(Pro)q(cessor)15 b(Resp)q(onse)h(to)d(Device)p 832 1957 13 -2 v 16 w(Status)p 963 1957 V 15 w(Request)20 b Fr(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(290)158 -2010 y(3.10.2)25 b(Pro)q(cessor)15 b(Resp)q(onse)h(to)d(Device)p -832 2010 V 16 w(Con)o(trol)27 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(290)62 -2064 y(3.11)21 b(XMG)262 2060 y(-)273 2064 y(1)14 b(Memory)f(System)21 -b Fr(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(291)158 2117 y(3.11.1)25 b(The)14 b(XMG)480 2113 y(-)492 -2117 y(1)f(Memory)g(Board)18 b Fr(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(291)291 2170 y(3.11.1.1)29 b(XMG)565 2166 y(-)576 2170 -y(1)14 b(Device)p 733 2170 V 15 w(Status)p 863 2170 V 16 w(Request)h(F)m -(unctions)25 b Fr(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -37 b FB(291)291 2224 y(3.11.1.2)29 b(XMG)565 2220 y(-)576 2224 -y(1)14 b(Device)p 733 2224 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)g(F)m(unctions)34 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)37 b FB(293)291 2277 y(3.11.1.3)29 b(XMG)565 2273 y(-)576 -2277 y(1)14 b(Resp)q(onse)h(to)f(Memory)f(Cycles)j Fr(:)21 -b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(294)291 2331 y(3.11.1.4)29 b(XMG)565 2327 y(-)576 2331 -y(1)14 b(Initialization)37 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(294)158 2384 y(3.11.2)25 b(The)14 b(XMG)480 2380 y(-)492 -2384 y(3)f(Memory)g(Board)18 b Fr(:)i(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(294)291 2437 y(3.11.2.1)29 b(XMG)565 2433 y(-)576 2437 -y(3)14 b(Device)p 733 2437 V 15 w(Status)p 863 2437 V 16 w(Request)h(F)m -(unctions)25 b Fr(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -37 b FB(294)291 2491 y(3.11.2.2)29 b(XMG)565 2487 y(-)576 2491 -y(3)14 b(Device)p 733 2491 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)g(F)m(unctions)34 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)37 b FB(297)291 2544 y(3.11.2.3)29 b(XMG)565 2540 y(-)576 -2544 y(3)14 b(Resp)q(onse)h(to)f(Memory)f(Cycles)j Fr(:)21 -b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(298)291 2598 y(3.11.2.4)29 b(XMG)565 2594 y(-)576 2598 -y(3)14 b(Initialization)37 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(298)p eop -%%Page: 29 29 -29 28 bop 150 50 a Fq(CONTENTS)1488 b FB(xxix)441 195 y(3.11.2.5)29 -b(XMG)715 191 y(-)726 195 y(3)14 b(Flash)g(Card)36 b Fr(:)20 -b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(298)212 248 y(3.12)21 b(XRH)403 -244 y(-)414 248 y(1)14 b(Mass{Storage)g(In)o(terface)h(Pro)q(cessor)43 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(299)308 302 y(3.12.1)25 -b(XRH)536 298 y(-)547 302 y(1)14 b(Mass{Storage)g(In)o(terface)h(Pro)q -(cessor)h(I/O)e(Registers)35 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)37 b FB(299)441 355 y(3.12.1.1)29 b(Device)14 b(Status)43 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(300)441 -409 y(3.12.1.2)29 b(Device)14 b(Con)o(trol)20 b Fr(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) -f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(302)308 462 y(3.12.2)25 b(Comm)n(unication)11 -b(Bet)o(w)o(een)k(the)f(CPU)h(and)e(the)i(XRH)1329 458 y(-)1341 -462 y(1)25 b Fr(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(304)441 515 y(3.12.2.1)29 b(Comm)o(uni)o(cations)11 b(Region)f -Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(304)441 569 y(3.12.2.2)29 -b(Comm)o(uni)o(cations)11 b(Proto)q(col)k Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(307)441 622 y(3.12.2.3)29 b(Mass{Storage)14 b(Con)o(trol)f(Blo)q(c)o(k) -35 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(307)441 676 y(3.12.2.4)29 b(Error)14 -b(Rep)q(orting)31 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(321)441 729 y(3.12.2.5)29 b(Error)14 b(Handling)h Fr(:)20 -b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(322)441 782 -y(3.12.2.6)29 b(Long)13 b(T)m(ransfers)22 b Fr(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(323)441 836 y(3.12.2.7)29 b(Unaligned)13 -b(T)m(ransfers)26 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b -FB(324)308 889 y(3.12.3)25 b(Op)q(eration)14 b(of)f(the)i(XRH)852 -885 y(-)863 889 y(1)f(as)g(a)f(SCSI)h(T)m(arget)19 b Fr(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(326)441 943 y(3.12.3.1)29 b(Comma)o(nds)12 b(recognized)j(as)f(a)f(T)m -(arget)23 b Fr(:)d(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:) -h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(327)441 996 y(3.12.3.2)29 b(Resp)q(onse)15 -b(to)f(Request)g(Sense)i(Comma)o(nd)i Fr(:)i(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(327)441 1049 y(3.12.3.3)29 -b(Resp)q(onse)15 b(to)f(Inquiry)f(Command)h Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b -FB(327)441 1103 y(3.12.3.4)29 b(Resp)q(onse)15 b(to)f(Send)g(Command)26 -b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(327)441 1156 y(3.12.3.5)29 b(Resp)q(onse)15 -b(to)f(Send)g(Diagnostic)f(Command)i Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(327)441 1209 y(3.12.3.6)29 -b(Resp)q(onse)15 b(to)f(T)m(est)g(Unit)g(Ready)h Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) -f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(328)441 1263 y(3.12.3.7)29 b(Initialization)11 b(for)j(Op)q(eration)g -(as)g(a)g(T)m(arget)33 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(328)212 1316 y(3.13)21 b(XNI)387 1312 -y(-)399 1316 y(1)13 b(Net)o(w)o(ork)i(Adapter)26 b Fr(:)20 -b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b -FB(329)308 1370 y(3.13.1)25 b(XNI)520 1366 y(-)532 1370 y(1)13 -b(Net)o(w)o(ork)h(Adapter)h(I/O)f(Registers)20 b Fr(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(329)441 1423 y(3.13.1.1)29 b(Device)14 b(Status)43 b Fr(:)20 -b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(329)441 1476 -y(3.13.1.2)29 b(Device)14 b(Con)o(trol)20 b Fr(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(332)308 1530 y(3.13.2)25 b(XNI)520 1526 -y(-)532 1530 y(1)13 b(Net)o(w)o(ork)h(Adapter)h(Memory)e(Registers)35 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)37 b FB(332)441 1583 y(3.13.2.1)29 b(XNI)690 1579 y(-)702 -1583 y(1)13 b(Con)o(trol)h(Register)g(Addresses)31 b Fr(:)20 -b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(333)441 1637 y(3.13.2.2)29 b(XNI)690 1633 y(-)702 1637 -y(1)13 b(Data)h(Register)g(Addresses)h Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(334)441 -1690 y(3.13.2.3)29 b(XNI)690 1686 y(-)702 1690 y(1)13 b(P)o(ac)o(k)o(et)i -(Sno)q(op)e(Register)i(Addresses)k Fr(:)h(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(335)308 1743 y(3.13.3)25 b(Comm)n(unication)11 -b(Bet)o(w)o(een)k(the)f(CPU)h(and)e(the)i(XNI)1313 1739 y(-)1325 -1743 y(1)41 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)37 b FB(335)441 1797 y(3.13.3.1)29 b(Message)15 b(Con)o(trol)e(Blo)q(c)o -(k)37 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(336)308 1850 y(3.13.4)25 -b(Comm)o(ands)12 b(and)h(Result)h(Blo)q(c)o(ks)g Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)37 b FB(339)150 1945 y Fy(4)h(Earlier)14 b(Pro)q(cessors)1286 -b(343)212 1998 y FB(4.1)42 b(KL10)13 b(System)h(Op)q(erations)41 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(343)308 2052 y(4.1.1)46 b(Priorit)o(y)13 b(In)o(terrupt)g -Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(344)308 2105 y(4.1.2)46 b(Cac)o(he)14 b(Managemen)o(t)40 -b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(352)308 2159 y(4.1.3)46 b(TOPS{10)13 b(P)o(aging)g(and)h(Pro)q(cess)i(T) -m(ables)d Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(358)308 2212 y(4.1.4)46 -b(TOPS{20)13 b(P)o(aging)g(and)h(Pro)q(cess)i(T)m(ables)d Fr(:)20 -b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(366)308 2265 y(4.1.5)46 b(Memory)12 b(Managemen)o(t)33 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b -FB(381)308 2319 y(4.1.6)46 b(Timing)11 b(and)j(Accoun)o(ting)31 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(391)308 -2372 y(4.1.7)46 b(F)m(ron)o(t)13 b(End)h(F)m(unctions)21 b -Fr(:)g(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) -f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(399)308 -2426 y(4.1.8)46 b(Error)14 b(and)g(Diagnostic)f(Instructions)44 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(400)212 2479 y(4.2)42 b(KS10)13 -b(System)h(Op)q(erations)e Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(406)308 2532 y(4.2.1)46 b(Priorit)o(y)13 -b(In)o(terrupt)g Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) -f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)37 b FB(407)308 2586 y(4.2.2)46 b(Cac)o(he)30 b Fr(:)20 -b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)37 b FB(411)p eop -%%Page: 30 30 -30 29 bop 0 50 a FB(xxx)1498 b Fq(CONTENTS)158 195 y FB(4.2.3)46 -b(TOPS{10)13 b(P)o(aging)g(and)h(Pro)q(cess)i(T)m(ables)d Fr(:)20 -b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(412)158 248 y(4.2.4)46 b(TOPS{20)13 b(P)o(aging)g(and)h -(Pro)q(cess)i(T)m(ables)d Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(419)158 -302 y(4.2.5)46 b(Memory)12 b(Managemen)o(t)33 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(430)158 355 y(4.2.6)46 b(System)13 -b(Timing)23 b Fr(:)d(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)37 b FB(437)158 409 y(4.2.7)46 b(Halt)13 b(Status)28 b Fr(:)20 -b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(440)158 462 y(4.2.8)46 b(System)13 b(Conditions)24 b Fr(:)c(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(441)62 515 y(4.3)42 -b(KI10)13 b(and)h(KA10)g(System)f(Op)q(erations)i Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(447)158 569 y(4.3.1)46 b(Console)30 -b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(447)158 622 y(4.3.2)46 b(KI10)13 b(Priorit)o(y)h(In)o -(terrupt)39 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(449)158 676 y(4.3.3)46 b(KI10)13 b(Pro)q(cessor)j(Conditions)41 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(457)158 -729 y(4.3.4)46 b(KI10)13 b(Program)g(and)g(Memory)g(Managemen)o(t)33 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(460)158 782 y(4.3.5)46 b(KA10)13 b(Priorit)o(y)h(In)o -(terrupt)23 b Fr(:)d(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(474)158 836 y(4.3.6)46 b(KA10)13 b(Pro)q(cessor)j(Conditions)25 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(478)158 -889 y(4.3.7)46 b(KA10)13 b(Program)g(and)h(Memory)e(Managemen)o(t)17 -b Fr(:)j(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)37 b FB(480)158 943 y(4.3.8)46 b(Real)13 b(Time)f(Clo)q(c)o(k)i(DK10) -36 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:) -f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(483)0 -1037 y Fy(App)q(endices)1485 b(487)0 1132 y(A)26 b(Instructions)13 -b(and)i(Mnemonics)1068 b(487)62 1186 y FB(A.1)32 b(F)m(ormats)25 -b Fr(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(487)158 1239 y(A.1.1)f(Instruction)14 -b(W)m(ords)36 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(487)158 1292 y(A.1.2)f(Address)15 b(and)f(Program)e(Con)o(trol)h(W)m -(ords)e Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(488)158 1346 y(A.1.3)f(Stac)o(k,)13 -b(Byte)i(P)o(oin)o(ters)25 b Fr(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)37 b FB(489)158 1399 y(A.1.4)f(Arithmetic)13 b(Op)q(erands)g -Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b -FB(490)62 1453 y(A.2)32 b(Instruction)14 b(Mnemonics)g({)f(Numeric)g(Listing) -30 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(491)158 1506 y(A.2.1)f(APR0,)13 -b(APR1,)g(APR2,)g(and)g(APR3)h(Instructions)h(\(XKL)1241 1502 -y(-)1253 1506 y(1)f(only\))j Fr(:)j(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(493)62 1559 y(A.3)32 b(Instruction)14 b(Mnemonics)g({)f(Alphab)q(etic)h -(Listing)j Fr(:)j(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(494)62 1613 y(A.4)32 b(Algebraic)14 -b(Represen)o(tation)41 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)37 b FB(497)62 1666 y(A.5)32 b(P)o(o)o(w)o(ers)14 b(of)f(Tw)o(o)37 -b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(498)0 1761 y Fy(B)28 b(Character)16 b(Co)q(des)1314 -b(499)0 1856 y(C)28 b(Pro)q(cessor)15 b(Compatibili)o(t)n(y)1157 -b(501)0 1951 y(D)25 b(In)o(ternal)14 b(Device)h(Bit)f(Assignmen)o(ts)981 -b(503)62 2004 y FB(D.1)31 b(XKL)249 2000 y(-)261 2004 y(1)14 -b(pro)q(cessor)h(In)o(ternal)f(Device)h(Bit)e(Assignmen)o(ts)42 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)37 b FB(503)62 2058 y(D.2)31 b(KL10)13 b(In)o(ternal)h(Device)h(Bit)f -(Assignmen)o(ts)21 b Fr(:)f(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(510)158 -2111 y(D.2.1)e(TOPS{10)13 b(\(KI)i(or)e(non{extended)i(KL\))g(P)o(aging)22 -b Fr(:)e(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)37 b FB(515)158 2164 y(D.2.2)e(Extended)15 b(KL)f(P)o(aging)f(\(TOPS{20)g -(or)h(TOPS{10)g(7.02)f(and)g(later\))31 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)37 b FB(515)0 2259 y Fy(E)31 b(TDBOOT)16 b(Command)f(Summary)1009 -b(519)62 2313 y FB(E.1)35 b(Macro{console)14 b(commands)26 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(519)62 2366 y(E.2)e(Micro{console)14 b(commands)35 b Fr(:)20 -b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(555)0 -2461 y Fy(F)32 b(XKL)166 2457 y(-)180 2461 y(1)16 b(Pro)q(cessor)f(Arcana) -1140 b(565)62 2514 y FB(F.1)36 b(MemA)13 b(Sp)q(eci\014c)i(Lo)q(cations)36 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(565)62 2568 y(F.2)f(NVRAM)14 b(Sp)q(eci\014c)h(Lo)q(cations)28 -b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(568)62 2621 y(F.3)f(XKL)249 2617 y(-)261 2621 y(1)14 b(Board)g(Option)f -(Jump)q(ers)39 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) -f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(569)p eop -%%Page: 31 31 -31 30 bop 150 50 a Fq(CONTENTS)1488 b FB(xxxi)150 195 y Fy(G)24 -b(Non{existen)o(t)13 b(App)q(endices)1132 b(571)212 248 y FB(G.1)30 -b(Timing)9 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(571)212 302 -y(G.2)30 b(Pro)q(cessor)16 b(Op)q(eration)31 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(571)212 -355 y(G.3)30 b(Handling)12 b(Memory)40 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(571)150 450 -y Fy(H)25 b(Glossary)1484 b(573)150 545 y(Index)15 b(of)g(Instructions)1286 -b(577)150 640 y(Index)1609 b(583)p eop -%%Page: 32 32 -32 31 bop 0 50 a FB(xxxii)1474 b Fq(CONTENTS)p eop -%%Page: 33 33 -33 32 bop 150 50 a Fq(LIST)14 b(OF)g(FIGURES)1331 b FB(xxxiii)150 -531 y FF(List)41 b(of)f(Figures)212 750 y FB(1.1)i(TO)o(AD)434 -746 y(-)446 750 y(1)13 b(System)g(Con\014guration)29 b Fr(:)20 -b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)78 b FB(5)212 804 y(1.2)42 -b(XKL)399 800 y(-)411 804 y(1)14 b(Cen)o(tral)f(Pro)q(cessor)j(Data)e(P)o -(aths)e Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)78 b FB(7)212 857 -y(1.3)42 b(KL10{based)14 b(DECSYSTEM{20)33 b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:) -f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(12)212 910 y(1.4)42 b(KL10{based)14 -b(DECsystem{10)j Fr(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 -b FB(13)212 964 y(1.5)42 b(KL10)13 b(Pro)q(cessor)j(Simpli\014ed)g -Fr(:)k(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 -b FB(14)212 1017 y(1.6)42 b(DECSYSTEM{2020)33 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(21)212 1071 -y(1.7)42 b(KS10)13 b(Pro)q(cessor)j(Simpli\014ed)j Fr(:)h(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(22)212 1124 y(1.8)42 -b(P)o(ossible)14 b(TOPS{10)f(Virtual)h(Address)h(Space)g(Con\014guration)28 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 -b FB(27)212 1177 y(1.9)42 b(Single{Section)13 b(E\013ectiv)o(e{Address)k -(Computation)34 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(37)212 1231 y(1.10)21 -b(Extended)15 b(Address)h(Space)i Fr(:)i(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(39)212 1284 y(1.11)21 b(Extended)15 -b(E\013ectiv)o(e{Address)i(Computation)25 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 -b FB(42)212 1337 y(1.12)21 b(DECsystem{10)13 b(Based)i(on)e(KI10)h(or)g(KA10) -28 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(48)212 1432 y(2.1)42 -b(Accum)o(ulator)13 b(Bit)h(Flo)o(w)f(in)g(Shift)g(and)h(Rotate)g -(Instructions)g Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)57 b FB(95)212 1486 y(2.2)42 b(XKL)399 1482 y(-)411 -1486 y(1)14 b(T)m(rap)f(V)m(ector)h Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(137)212 1539 y(2.3)42 -b(EDIT)14 b(Instruction)g(Flo)o(w)o(c)o(hart)j Fr(:)k(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(164)212 1593 y(2.4)42 b(User)15 -b(Pro)q(cess)h(T)m(able)d(MUUO)h(Con\014guration)33 b Fr(:)20 -b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(185)212 1687 y(3.1)42 b(Bus)14 b(Address)i(W)m(ord)28 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)37 b FB(203)212 1741 y(3.2)42 b(Console)13 b(State)i(T)m(ransitions)32 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(208)212 1794 y(3.3)42 b(Virtual{Address)14 b(Space)h(and)f(Pro)q(cess)i -(T)m(able)d(La)o(y)o(out)19 b Fr(:)h(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(239)212 1848 y(3.4)42 -b(Pro)q(cess)16 b(T)m(able)d(Con\014guration)j Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(240)212 1901 y(3.5)42 b(P)o(age)14 -b(P)o(oin)o(ter)g(Ev)n(aluation)22 b Fr(:)e(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(253)212 1954 y(3.6)42 b(XRH)403 -1950 y(-)414 1954 y(1)14 b(Comm)o(uni)o(cations)d(Region)i(F)m(ormat)25 -b Fr(:)c(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(305)212 2008 y(3.7)42 b(Mass{Storage)14 -b(Con)o(trol)f(Blo)q(c)o(k)h(F)m(ormat)29 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)37 b FB(308)212 2061 y(3.8)42 b(T)m(ransmit)12 b(Message)j(Con)o(trol)e -(Blo)q(c)o(k)h(F)m(ormat)f Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b -FB(336)212 2115 y(3.9)42 b(Receiv)o(e)14 b(Message)h(Con)o(trol)e(Blo)q(c)o -(k)h(F)m(ormat)c Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:) -g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(338)212 -2209 y(4.1)42 b(KL10)13 b(TOPS{10)h(Virtual)f(Address)j(Space)e(and)g(Pro)q -(cess)i(T)m(ables)41 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)37 b FB(360)212 2263 y(4.2)42 b(TOPS{10)13 b(Pro)q(cess)j(T)m(able)d -(Con\014guration)h(\(KL10\))37 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(361)212 -2316 y(4.3)42 b(TOPS{20)13 b(Virtual)h(Address)h(Space)g(and)f(Pro)q(cess)h -(T)m(able)f(La)o(y)o(out)30 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(368)212 2370 y(4.4)42 b(Extended)15 -b(TOPS{20)f(Pro)q(cess)i(T)m(able)d(Con\014guration)28 b Fr(:)20 -b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -37 b FB(369)212 2423 y(4.5)42 b(Single{Section)13 b(TOPS{20)h(Pro)q(cess)i(T) -m(able)d(Con\014guration)37 b Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(370)212 2476 y(4.6)42 b(TOPS{20)13 -b(P)o(aging)g(P)o(oin)o(ter)h(Ev)n(aluation)e(\(Extended)k(KL10\))e -Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(377)212 2530 y(4.7)42 b(KS10)13 b(TOPS{10)h(Virtual)f(Address)j(Space)f -(and)e(Pro)q(cess)j(T)m(ables)11 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(414)212 2583 y(4.8)42 b(KS10)13 -b(TOPS{10)h(Pro)q(cess)i(T)m(able)d(Con\014guration)39 b Fr(:)21 -b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)37 b FB(415)p eop -%%Page: 34 34 -34 33 bop 0 50 a FB(xxxiv)1331 b Fq(LIST)14 b(OF)g(FIGURES)62 -195 y FB(4.9)42 b(KS10)13 b(TOPS{20)h(Pro)q(cess)i(T)m(able)d -(Con\014guration)39 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(421)62 248 y(4.10)21 -b(TOPS{20)13 b(P)o(aging)g(P)o(oin)o(ter)h(Ev)n(aluation)e(\(KS10\))42 -b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(427)62 302 y(4.11)21 b(Virtual)13 -b(Address)j(Space)e(and)g(P)o(age)g(Map)f(La)o(y)o(out)h(\(KI10\))23 -b Fr(:)e(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 -b FB(463)62 355 y(4.12)21 b(Pro)q(cess)16 b(T)m(able)d(Con\014guration)g -(\(KI10\))f Fr(:)20 b(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(464)62 -409 y(4.13)21 b(Relo)q(cation)13 b(of)g(User)i(Addresses)h(in)e(the)g(KA10)21 -b Fr(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(482)p eop -%%Page: 35 35 -35 34 bop 150 50 a Fq(LIST)14 b(OF)g(T)m(ABLES)1367 b FB(xxxv)150 -531 y FF(List)41 b(of)f(T)-10 b(ables)212 750 y FB(1.1)42 b(KL10)13 -b(Memory)g(Characteristics)k Fr(:)j(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)57 b FB(19)212 845 y(2.1)42 b(Domains)11 b(in)j(whic)o(h)g(JRST)f(F)m -(unctions)h(are)h(Legal)37 b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(130)212 -940 y(3.1)42 b(EPT)14 b(Lo)q(cations)g(for)f(In)o(terrupt)i(Con)o(trol)f(Blo) -q(c)o(ks)19 b Fr(:)h(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(220)212 993 y(3.2)42 -b(P)o(age{F)m(ailure)13 b(Co)q(des)g Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:) -h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(255)212 1047 y(3.3)42 -b(P)o(age{F)m(ailure)13 b(Blo)q(c)o(k)h(at)f(EPT)i(500)j Fr(:)i(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(258)212 1100 y(3.4)42 b(XKL)399 -1096 y(-)411 1100 y(1)14 b(P)o(ermissible)f Fu(PX)o(CT)f FB(Addressing)j(Mo)q -(des)d Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(275)212 1154 y(3.5)42 b(XRH)403 -1150 y(-)414 1154 y(1)14 b(Status)g(Read)g(Request)h(Addresses)43 -b Fr(:)21 b(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g -(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(302)212 1207 y(3.6)42 -b(Byte)14 b(Coun)o(t)g(Adjustmen)o(t)g(and)f(Divisors)f Fr(:)20 -b(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h -(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(326)212 1302 y(4.1)42 b(KL10)13 -b(P)o(ermissible)g Fu(PX)o(CT)g FB(Addressing)i(Mo)q(des)36 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(389)212 1355 y(4.2)42 b(KS10)13 -b(P)o(ermissible)h Fu(PX)o(CT)e FB(Addressing)j(Mo)q(des)39 -b Fr(:)20 b(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)h(:)f -(:)g(:)g(:)h(:)f(:)g(:)37 b FB(438)p eop -%%Page: 36 36 -36 35 bop 0 50 a FB(xxxvi)1355 b Fq(LIST)13 b(OF)i(T)m(ABLES)p -eop -%%Page: 1 37 -1 36 bop 1929 50 a FB(1)150 542 y Fp(Chapter)34 b(1)150 785 -y FF(In)m(tro)s(duction)150 1037 y FB(A)20 b(TO)o(AD)327 1033 -y(-)339 1037 y(1)f(System,)h(DECsystem{10,)g(or)g(DECSYSTEM{20)f(is)h(a)f -(general{purp)q(ose,)j(stored{program)150 1087 y(computing)12 -b(system)i(that)g(includes)h(at)e(least)i(one)f(PDP{10)f(compatible)f(cen)o -(tral)j(pro)q(cessor,)g(a)f(memory)d(with)150 1137 y(error{c)o(hec)o(king)21 -b(capabilit)o(y)m(,)e(and)h(a)g(v)n(ariet)o(y)f(of)g(p)q(eripheral)i -(equipmen)o(t.)35 b(Eac)o(h)20 b(cen)o(tral)h(pro)q(cessor)h(is)d(the)150 -1187 y(con)o(trol)h(unit)f(for)h(an)g(en)o(tire)g(large{scale)g(subsystem,)i -(in)d(whic)o(h)h(it)f(is)h(connected)i(b)o(y)e(buses)h(to)f(random{)150 -1236 y(access)c(storage)f(mo)q(dules)e(and)h(p)q(eripheral)g(equipmen)o(t,)f -(some)g(of)h(whic)o(h)g(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j(shared)g(with)f(other)h(cen)o(tral) -150 1286 y(pro)q(cessors.)31 b(Within)16 b(a)h(giv)o(en)g(system)g(the)h(cen) -o(tral)g(pro)q(cessor)i(go)o(v)o(erns)d(all)f(p)q(eripheral)i(equipmen)o(t,)f -(either)150 1336 y(directly)10 b(or)h(indirectly;)f(sequences)j(the)e -(program;)e(and)h(p)q(erforms)g(all)f(arithmetic,)g(logical,)g(and)h -(data{handling)150 1386 y(op)q(erations.)150 1471 y(A)k(giv)o(en)f(system)h -(ma)o(y)e(also)h(con)o(tain)h(other)g(kinds)g(of)f(pro)q(cessors.)212 -1582 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(A)12 b(TO)o(AD)423 1578 y(-)435 1582 -y(1)g(System)g(is)g(based)g(on)g(an)g(XKL)967 1578 y(-)980 -1582 y(1)g(cen)o(tral)g(pro)q(cessor;)i(all)d(in{out)h(and)g(memory)e(op)q -(erations)254 1632 y(are)20 b(p)q(erformed)g(o)o(v)o(er)h(a)f(high{sp)q(eed)h -(bac)o(kplane)f(bus.)37 b(The)21 b(console)g(functions)f(are)h(supp)q(orted)g -(b)o(y)254 1682 y(micro)q(co)q(de)12 b(in)h(the)g(CPU)g(\(with)g(a)f -(terminal\).)17 b(Comm)n(unications)10 b(equipmen)o(t)i(\(other)h(than)g(the) -h(console)254 1732 y(terminal\))e(and)i(unit{record)g(p)q(eripherals)h(are)g -(supp)q(orted)g(indirectly)e(via)h(a)f(net)o(w)o(ork.)212 1811 -y Fz(\017)21 b FB(A)14 b(system)f(based)i(on)e(the)i(KL10)e(cen)o(tral)i(pro) -q(cessor)g(con)o(tains)f(a)g(small)d(PDP{11)j(fron)o(t{end)g(pro)q(cessor;) -254 1861 y(this)j(acts)h(as)g(the)g(system)f(console)h(and)f(it)g(ma)o(y)f -(also)h(handle)g(comm)o(unications)e(equipmen)o(t)h(and)h(the)254 -1911 y(unit{record)d(p)q(eripheral)h(equipmen)o(t)e(via)g(a)g(Unibus.)212 -1990 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(The)e(DECSYSTEM{2020,)f(the)h(only)f(system)g(based)h -(on)f(the)h(KS10)f(pro)q(cessor,)j(con)o(tains)d(a)h(micro-)254 -2040 y(pro)q(cessor)d(for)f(handling)e(console)i(functions)g(\(with)g(a)f -(terminal\).)19 b(All)14 b(of)g(its)h(p)q(eripheral)g(equipmen)o(t)f(is)254 -2090 y(handled)g(o)o(v)o(er)f(t)o(w)o(o)h(or)g(more)f(Unibuses.)212 -2169 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(Earlier)16 b(cen)o(tral)h(pro)q(cessors)i(\(the)f -(KI10)e(and)h(the)g(KA10\))f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(man)o(ual)d(consoles)j(and)g -(handle)f(unit{)254 2219 y(record)f(equipmen)o(t)e(directly)h(via)f(an)h -(in{out)f(bus.)150 2330 y(A)i(system)f(ma)o(y)f(also)h(include)h -(direct{access)i(pro)q(cessors,)g(whic)o(h)e(ha)o(v)o(e)f(m)o(uc)o(h)g(more)f -(limited)g(program)g(capa-)150 2380 y(bilit)o(y)e(and)g(serv)o(e)j(to)d -(connect)j(large,)d(fast)h(p)q(eripheral)h(devices)g(to)f(memory)m(,)d(b)o -(ypassing)j(the)g(cen)o(tral)h(pro)q(cessor.)150 2429 y(Ev)o(ery)g -(direct{access)h(pro)q(cessor)g(is)e(connected,)h(for)f(con)o(trol)g(purp)q -(oses,)h(to)f(some)f(cen)o(tral)i(pro)q(cessor,)g(to)f(whic)o(h)150 -2479 y(it)17 b(app)q(ears)h(as)f(a)g(p)q(eripheral)h(device.)29 -b(The)18 b(direct{access)i(pro)q(cessor)f(is)e(also)g(connected)i(to)e(its)g -(p)q(eripheral)150 2529 y(equipmen)o(t)c(b)o(y)h(a)f(device)i(bus,)f(and)g -(to)g(memory)d(either)k(directly)f(b)o(y)g(its)g(o)o(wn)f(memory)f(bus)i(or)g -(via)f(a)h(c)o(hannel)150 2579 y(bus)e(through)g(the)h(memory)c(con)o(trol)j -(part)g(of)g(the)g(cen)o(tral)g(pro)q(cessor.)20 b(Although)11 -b(a)h(DECSYSTEM{2020)f(can-)150 2629 y(not)17 b(include)f(direct{access)j -(pro)q(cessors,)g(the)e(Unibus)g(adapters)h(themselv)o(es)e(ha)o(v)o(e)h(m)o -(uc)o(h)e(of)h(the)h(capabilit)o(y)p eop -%%Page: 2 38 -2 37 bop 0 50 a FB(2)1152 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)0 -195 y FB(of)15 b(suc)o(h)h(pro)q(cessors:)23 b(in)15 b(particular,)g(an)g -(adapter)h(can)f(gain)g(direct)h(access)h(to)e(memory)e(via)i(the)h(same)e -(KS10)0 245 y(system)g(bus)g(used)h(b)o(y)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor.)0 -330 y(A)20 b(system)f(ma)o(y)f(also)h(con)o(tain)g(p)q(eripheral)h -(subsystems,)i(suc)o(h)e(as)g(for)f(data)g(comm)o(unications,)f(whic)o(h)i -(are)0 380 y(themselv)o(es)e(based)h(on)f(small)e(computers;)k(from)c(the)j -(p)q(oin)o(t)f(of)f(view)h(of)g(the)h(PDP{10,)f(suc)o(h)h(a)f(subsystem)0 -430 y(in)f(toto)f(is)h(regarded)h(as)f(a)g(p)q(eripheral)h(device.)28 -b(Unless)18 b(otherwise)g(sp)q(eci\014ed,)h(the)e(w)o(ords)h(\\pro)q(cessor") -g(and)0 480 y(\\cen)o(tral)c(pro)q(cessor")i(refer)f(to)e(the)i(large{scale)f -(PDP{10)f(cen)o(tral)h(pro)q(cessor.)0 565 y(Fiv)o(e)d(t)o(yp)q(es)h(of)f -(PDP{10)g(cen)o(tral)h(pro)q(cessors)h(are)f(discussed)h(in)e(this)g -(publication:)16 b(the)c(XKL)1494 561 y(-)1506 565 y(1,)f(the)h(KL10,)f(the)0 -615 y(KS10,)g(the)g(KI10,)g(and)g(the)g(KA10.)17 b(The)11 b(XKL)753 -611 y(-)765 615 y(1)g(pro)q(cessor)i(in)d(the)h(TO)o(AD)1215 -611 y(-)1227 615 y(1)g(System)f(implemen)o(ts)e(full)i(30{bit)0 -665 y(extended)j(addressing)f(and)f(the)h(largest)f(instruction)h(set)g -(\(that)g(of)e(the)i(KL10\))f(including)g(string)g(manipulation)0 -715 y(and)j(double)f(precision)i(in)e(\014xed)i(p)q(oin)o(t,)d(\015oating)h -(p)q(oin)o(t,)g(and)h(extended{range)h(\015oating)e(p)q(oin)o(t.)0 -800 y(The)j(KL10,)f(whic)o(h)h(exists)g(in)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(v)o(ersions,)h(with) -f(and)h(without)f(extended)i(addressing,)g(is)e(the)i(fastest)f(and)0 -850 y(most)d(p)q(o)o(w)o(erful)g(pro)q(cessor)j(in)d(the)i(K{series;)g(the)f -(KL10)g(implem)o(en)o(ts)e(the)j(largest)f(instruction)g(set.)0 -936 y(The)d(KS10)g(executes)i(a)e(subset)h(of)f(the)g(KL10)g(instructions:)17 -b(the)11 b(extended{range)i(\015oating)d(p)q(oin)o(t)g(instructions)0 -986 y(are)k(omitted.)j(The)e(KS10)f(lac)o(ks)g(extended)h(addressing)g(and)f -(is)g(slo)o(w)o(er)g(than)g(the)g(KL10;)f(on)h(the)h(other)g(hand,)0 -1035 y(it)f(is)f(also)h(considerably)g(less)g(exp)q(ensiv)o(e.)0 -1121 y(All)19 b(systems)g(handle)h(w)o(ords)g(of)f(thirt)o(y{six)g(bits.)35 -b(Earlier)19 b(memories)f(store)i(these)h(with)f(a)f(parit)o(y)g(bit)g(for)0 -1171 y(detecting)13 b(single{bit)d(errors.)19 b(In)11 b(the)h(MOS)g(memories) -e(on)h(the)h(KL10)g(and)f(KS10,)g(eac)o(h)h(w)o(ord)g(is)f(accompanied)0 -1221 y(b)o(y)j(a)g(7{bit)f(co)q(de)i(for)e(correction)j(of)d(single)h(errors) -h(and)f(detection)h(of)f(double)g(errors.)19 b(The)c(TO)o(AD)1623 -1217 y(-)1635 1221 y(1)e(System)0 1270 y(memory)m(,)8 b(also)i(MOS,)h -(implemen)o(ts)e(a)h(single)h(parit)o(y)f(bit)h(for)f(detecting)i(single{bit) -e(errors.)18 b(Maxim)o(um)7 b(memory)0 1320 y(capacit)o(y)16 -b(dep)q(ends)i(up)q(on)e(the)h(ph)o(ysical)e(addressing)i(capabilit)o(y)e(of) -h(the)g(pro)q(cessor.)27 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)17 b(the)f(ph)o(ysical)0 -1370 y(capacit)o(y)j(of)g(the)h(memory)d(is)i(not)h(particularly)e(relev)n -(an)o(t)i(to)f(a)g(t)o(ypical)g(user)i(programmer,)d(as)h(all)f(recen)o(t)0 -1420 y(pro)q(cessors)e(are)e(structured)i(to)e(op)q(erate)h(in)f(a)f -(sophisticated)i(virtual)e(memory)e(en)o(vironmen)o(t.)0 1505 -y(The)19 b(fundamen)o(tal)d(virtual)h(address)j(is)e(thirt)o(y)g(bits,)h -(although)e(only)h(the)h(TO)o(AD)1367 1501 y(-)1378 1505 y(1)f(System)g(is)g -(capable)h(of)0 1555 y(using)14 b(all)e(of)i(them.)j(The)e(virtual)e(memory)e -(space)k(is)f(divided)g(in)o(to)f(sections)i(of)e(256K)h(eac)o(h,)g(whose)g -(lo)q(cations)0 1605 y(are)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e(the)h(righ)o(t)f(eigh)o -(teen)h(address)g(bits)g(\(the)g(\\in{section")f(address\).)19 -b(P)o(aging)12 b(hardw)o(are)i(further)0 1655 y(divides)d(eac)o(h)h(section)g -(in)o(to)f(512)g(pages)h(of)e(512)h(lo)q(cations)g(eac)o(h.)18 -b(The)11 b(actual)h(size)g(of)f(the)h(virtual)e(address)j(space)0 -1705 y(for)j(a)g(giv)o(en)g(pro)q(cessor)i(dep)q(ends)g(on)e(ho)o(w)g(man)o -(y)f(out)h(of)g(the)h(t)o(w)o(elv)o(e)f(p)q(ossible)g(section)h(bits)g(it)f -(implemen)o(ts.)0 1755 y(The)e(addressing)h(c)o(haracteristics)h(of)d(the)h -(v)n(arious)f(pro)q(cessors)k(are)d(these:)p eop -%%Page: 3 39 -3 38 bop 1929 50 a FB(3)1217 274 y Fw(Single{)1005 324 y(Extende)n(d)50 -b(se)n(ction)831 374 y FB(XKL)922 370 y(-)934 374 y(1)g Fw(KL10)112 -b(KL10)80 b(KS10)50 b(KI10)55 b(KA10)306 468 y FB(Ph)o(ysical)14 -b(address)227 b(4+29)926 453 y Fo(?)1005 468 y FB(22)170 b(22)138 -b(20)1439 453 y Fz(z)1544 468 y FB(22)103 b(18)306 518 y(\(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)14 -b(of)f(address)i(bits\))306 595 y(Ph)o(ysical)f(memory)d(capacit)o(y)50 -b(128M)932 580 y Fz(y)1005 595 y FB(4M)153 b(4M)121 b(512K)52 -b(4M)86 b(256K)306 645 y(\(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)14 b(of)f(lo)q(cations\))306 -712 y(Section)h(bits)g(implemen)o(ted)65 b(12)132 b(5)191 b(0)159 -b(0)126 b(0)e(0)306 780 y(Num)o(b)q(er)14 b(of)f(sections)177 -b(4096)90 b(32)170 b(1)159 b(1)126 b(1)e(1)306 848 y(Virtual)13 -b(address)248 b(30)132 b(23)170 b(18)138 b(18)105 b(18)e(18)306 -897 y(\(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)14 b(of)f(bits\))306 965 y(Virtual)g(address)j(space) -136 b(1024M)52 b(8M)153 b(256K)85 b(256K)52 b(256K)e(256K)306 -1015 y(\(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)14 b(of)f(lo)q(cations\))p 306 1066 -748 1 v 306 1106 a(K)h(=)g(1024)f(\(decimal\);)f(M)i(=)g(1,048,576)e -(\(decimal\).)306 1141 y Fo(?)339 1156 y FB(4{bit)h(ph)o(ysical)h(slot)f(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)g(and)h(29{bit)f(in{mo)q(dule)f(address)306 1199 -y Fz(y)341 1214 y FB(F)m(our)h(32M)h(memory)d(b)q(oards.)306 -1258 y Fz(z)341 1273 y FB(The)j(maxim)n(um)c(ph)o(ysical)j(memory)e(capacit)o -(y)j(of)f(the)i(KS10)f(is)f(512K.)150 1393 y(In)i(an)g(Extended)i(KL10)d -(whose)i(op)q(erating)f(system)g(supp)q(orts)h(extended)h(addressing)f(only)e -(in)h(executiv)o(e)h(ad-)150 1442 y(dress)f(space,)g(user)g(space)g(is)e(the) -i(same)e(as)h(that)g(in)f(a)h(single{section)g(KL10.)150 1528 -y(The)f(XKL)325 1524 y(-)337 1528 y(1)g(pro)q(cessor,)h(b)o(y)e(using)g(all)g -(t)o(w)o(elv)o(e)g(section)i(bits,)e(has)h(a)f(virtual)g(memory)e(larger)i -(than)h(its)f(ph)o(ysical)150 1578 y(memory)h(capacit)o(y)m(.)24 -b(The)16 b(extended)h(KL10,)f(b)o(y)f(using)h(\014v)o(e)g(section)g(bits,)g -(has)g(a)g(virtual)f(memory)e(t)o(wice)j(the)150 1628 y(size)h(of)e(the)i -(maxim)n(um)12 b(ph)o(ysical)j(memory)m(.)21 b(All)16 b(other)g(pro)q(cessor) -i(con\014gurations)e(use)h(only)e(the)i(18{bit)e(in{)150 1677 -y(section)i(address,)g(so)f(all)f(access)j(is)e(de\014ned)h(as)f(b)q(eing)g -(in)f(section)i(zero.)25 b(This)16 b(means)g(that)g(the)g(KS10)g(has)g(a)150 -1727 y(ph)o(ysical)e(memory)e(that)j(can)g(b)q(e)g(t)o(wice)g(as)g(large)f -(as)h(the)g(virtual)f(space)i(a)o(v)n(ailable)c(to)j(a)f(single)g(program;)f -(and)150 1777 y(the)h(single{section)f(KL10)g(and)g(the)g(KI10)g(can)g(ha)o -(v)o(e)g(a)g(ph)o(ysical)g(memory)d(sixteen)k(times)e(as)i(large.)j(Ho)o(w)o -(ev)o(er,)150 1827 y(a)e(virtual)g(address)i(limitati)o(on)c(of)i(256K)g(ma)o -(y)e(b)q(e)j(problematic)f(in)g(some)f(applications,)h(th)o(us)h(the)g(KS10)f -(and)150 1877 y(other)j(single{section)g(pro)q(cessors)i(ma)o(y)15 -b(b)q(e)j(unsuited)h(for)e(large)g(applications.)28 b(All)17 -b(pro)q(cessors)i(except)g(the)150 1927 y(KA10)12 b(ha)o(v)o(e)g(features)i -(that)e(allo)o(w)f(for)h(dynamic)f(paging)g(and)h(w)o(orking{set)g(managemen) -o(t)e(so)j(that)f(the)h(system)150 1976 y(ma)o(y)i(obtain)h(the)h(b)q(est)h -(utilization)d(of)h(ph)o(ysical)g(resources.)29 b(KA10)16 b(memory)f -(managemen)o(t)f(is)i(limited)f(to)h(a)150 2026 y(basic)e(one{)g(or)g(t)o(w)o -(o{part)f(protection)i(and)e(relo)q(cation)h(sc)o(heme.)150 -2112 y(The)g(bits)f(of)g(a)g(w)o(ord)g(are)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)g(0{35,)f -(left)h(to)g(righ)o(t)g(\(most)f(signi\014can)o(t)h(to)g(least)h -(signi\014can)o(t\),)e(as)i(are)f(the)150 2162 y(bits)i(in)f(the)i(registers) -g(that)f(hold)f(the)h(w)o(ords.)22 b(All)13 b(pro)q(cessors)18 -b(handle)c(half)g(w)o(ords)h(and)g(b)o(ytes.)21 b(The)16 b(XKL)1906 -2158 y(-)1918 2162 y(1,)150 2211 y(KL10,)d(and)h(KS10)g(can)g(also)f(handle)h -(double)f(w)o(ords)i(and)e(strings.)150 2297 y(In)18 b(this)g(man)o(ual)d -(bit)j(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(are)h(giv)o(en)g(in)f(decimal)f(notation.)29 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)19 b(most)d(other)j(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)e(are)h(in)150 -2347 y(o)q(ctal,)13 b(i.e.,)g(radix)g(8,)g(notation.)k(Sp)q(eci\014cally)m(,) -c(memory)e(addresses)16 b(are)f(in)e(o)q(ctal)h(unless)h(otherwise)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed.)254 2474 y(Half)d(w)o(ords)i(are)f(simply)f(the)i(t)o(w)o(o)e -(halv)o(es)i(of)e(a)h(w)o(ord,)g(wherein)h(the)g(left)f(half)g(is)g(bits)g -(0{17)f(and)i(the)254 2524 y(righ)o(t)h(half)f(is)h(bits)g(18{35.)k(In)c(op)q -(erations)h(on)f(half)f(w)o(ords,)h(the)h(t)o(w)o(o)e(halv)o(es)h(of)g(a)g -(giv)o(en)g(w)o(ord)g(are)254 2573 y(handled)f(indep)q(enden)o(tly;)h(e.g.,)f -(when)h(b)q(oth)g(are)g(incremen)o(ted,)f(no)h(carry)g(from)e(righ)o(t)h(to)h -(left)f(can)254 2623 y(o)q(ccur.)20 b(\(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)15 -b(this)f(is)g(not)h(true)g(on)f(the)h(KA10,)f(where)h(incremen)o(ting)f(b)q -(oth)g(halv)o(es)h(is)f(done)p eop -%%Page: 4 40 -4 39 bop 0 50 a FB(4)1152 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)104 -195 y FB(b)o(y)13 b(adding)g(1000001)g(to)g(the)i(en)o(tire)f(w)o(ord.\))104 -281 y(A)g(b)o(yte)g(is)g(an)o(y)f(con)o(tiguous)h(set)h(of)e(bits)h(within)f -(a)h(w)o(ord.)j(It)d(is)g(iden)o(ti\014ed)g(b)o(y)g(a)f(b)o(yte)i(p)q(oin)o -(ter.)104 366 y(A)h(double)f(w)o(ord)h(is)f(t)o(w)o(o)g(adjacen)o(t)h(w)o -(ords)g(treated)h(as)f(a)f(single)g(72{bit)g(en)o(tit)o(y)m(,)g(where)i(the)f -(w)o(ord)104 416 y(with)c(the)h(lo)o(w)o(er)f(address)i(is)e(on)h(the)g -(left.)k(In)c(some)e(op)q(erations,)i(suc)o(h)g(as)g(the)g(pro)q(duct)g(in)g -(double{)104 466 y(precision)h(m)o(ultiplication,)d(this)j(concept)h(is)f -(extended)i(to)e(m)o(ultiple{length)d(op)q(erands)k(in)o(v)o(olving)104 -516 y(more)d(than)h(t)o(w)o(o)g(consecutiv)o(e)h(w)o(ords.)k(The)c(direction) -f(from)f(more)g(to)h(less)h(signi\014cance)f(is)g(alw)o(a)o(ys)104 -565 y(from)g(lo)o(w)o(er)h(to)h(higher)g(addresses.)24 b(\(The)15 -b(KA10)g(cannot)g(handle)g(double)g(w)o(ords,)f(except)j(to)e(the)104 -615 y(limited)c(exten)o(t)k(of)e(double{length)g(pro)q(ducts)i(and)e -(dividends;)g(the)h(KI10)g(handles)g(double)f(w)o(ords)104 -665 y(to)h(the)g(exten)o(t)h(of)e(op)q(erands)i(in)e(double{precision)h -(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(op)q(erations.\))104 751 y(A)k(string)g(is)g(a)f -(sequence)j(of)e(b)o(ytes)h(pac)o(k)o(ed)f(in)o(to)f(and)h(encompassing)f(an) -h(arbitrary)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)104 800 y(w)o(ords.)24 b(It)16 -b(is)f(de\014ned)i(b)o(y)f(its)g(length)f(in)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(b)o -(ytes)i(and)e(an)h(initial)e(v)n(alue)h(for)g(a)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)104 -850 y(that)i(is)h(incremen)o(ted)f(automatically)e(for)i(handling)f(the)i(b)o -(ytes.)32 b(\(Neither)20 b(the)f(KI10)f(nor)h(the)104 900 y(KA10)e(ha)o(v)o -(e)h(string)f(hardw)o(are.\))30 b(\(Hardw)o(are)18 b(strings)g(do)g(not)f -(necessarily)i(corresp)q(ond)g(to)f(the)104 950 y(implemen)o(tati)o(on)11 -b(of)i(the)i(\\string")e(data)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g(in)g(high{lev)o(el)e -(languages.\))0 1076 y(Pro)q(cessor)g(in)o(ternal)e(registers)i(sp)q -(eci\014cally)e(for)g(holding)f(addresses)k(ha)o(v)o(e)d(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er) -f(of)h(bits)g(appropriate)g(to)g(the)0 1126 y(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f(pro)q(cessor) -j(and)d(whether)j(the)e(address)h(is)e(ph)o(ysical)h(or)f(virtual.)16 -b(Address)11 b(bits)f(are)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)g(according)0 -1176 y(to)16 b(the)g(righ)o(t{justi\014ed)g(p)q(osition)f(of)g(an)h(address)h -(in)f(a)g(w)o(ord.)24 b(Th)o(us)16 b(the)g(bits)g(of)g(an)f(in{section)h -(address)i(are)0 1226 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)g(18{35,)f(and)h(those)h(of)f(a)g -(TO)o(AD)746 1222 y(-)758 1226 y(1)g(System)f(29{bit)g(in{mo)q(dule)f -(address)k(are)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)g(7{35.)0 1275 y(W)m(ords)f(are)h(used)g -(either)g(as)g(instructions)g(in)f(the)h(program,)e(as)h(addresses,)j(or)d -(as)h(op)q(erands)g(\(data)f(for)g(the)0 1325 y(program\).)0 -1411 y(Most)e(of)f(this)g(in)o(tro)q(ductory)h(c)o(hapter,)g -Fz(x)q FB(1.5)e(through)i Fz(x)p FB(1.8,)e(is)h(applicable)g(to)g(an)o(y)g -(PDP{10)g(compatible)f(pro-)0 1461 y(cessor,)g(although)e(the)i(discussion)f -(tends)h(to)f(b)q(e)g(orien)o(ted)h(to)o(w)o(ards)e(the)i(TO)o(AD)1282 -1457 y(-)1294 1461 y(1)e(System's)g(XKL)1587 1457 y(-)1600 -1461 y(1)g(pro)q(cessor)0 1510 y(or)k(systems)h(based)g(on)f(the)h(KL10;)f -(these)i(sections)f(are)g(germane)e(to)h(an)o(y)o(one)g(who)g(w)o(an)o(ts)h -(to)f(program)f(these)0 1560 y(systems)g(in)f(assem)o(bly)g(language.)k -(Section)d(1.4)f(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(of)f(in)o(terest)i(only)e(to)h(system)f -(programmers.)k(Section)0 1610 y(1.1)12 b(applies)h(only)f(to)h(the)h(TO)o -(AD)541 1606 y(-)553 1610 y(1)e(System;)h Fz(x)p FB(1.2)f(applies)h(only)g -(to)f(the)i(KL10;)f(and)g Fz(x)p FB(1.3)f(applies)h(only)f(to)h(the)0 -1660 y(KS10.)18 b(Muc)o(h)c(of)f(the)h(information)c(for)k(the)g(KL10)f -(applies)g(also)g(to)h(systems)f(based)h(on)g(the)g(KI10)f(and)h(KA10;)0 -1710 y Fz(x)p FB(1.9)h(explains)g(the)h(w)o(a)o(ys)g(in)f(whic)o(h)g(those)i -(earlier)e(pro)q(cessors)j(di\013er)e(from)e(the)i(arc)o(hitecture)i -(de\014ned)e(in)f(the)0 1759 y(preceding)g(sections.)0 1845 -y(A)o(t)i(v)n(arious)g(p)q(oin)o(ts,)g(this)g(man)o(ual)e(con)o(tains)i(sym)o -(b)q(olic)e(de\014nitions)i(for)g(individual)e(bits)i(and)g(\014elds.)29 -b(These)0 1895 y(de\014nitions)14 b(are)g(signalled)f(in)g(the)h(text)h(b)o -(y)e Ft(typewriter)20 b(font)p FB(;)12 b(they)j(are)f(suitable)f(for)h(use)g -(with)g(Macro,)f(the)0 1945 y(assem)o(bler.)18 b(The)c(collected)h -(de\014nitions)f(are)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(through)j(a)g(univ)o(ersal)g(\014le) -g(called)f(TD1DEF.UNV.)0 2117 y Fs(1.1)70 b(TO)n(AD)363 2112 -y(-)382 2117 y(1)23 b(System)d(Organization)0 2244 y FB(Figure)12 -b(1.1)g(sho)o(ws)h(the)g(organization)e(of)h(the)g(TO)o(AD)860 -2240 y(-)872 2244 y(1)g(System,)g(whic)o(h)g(is)h(e\013ectiv)o(ely)g(a)f -(collection)g(of)g(pro)q(ces-)0 2294 y(sors)i(and)f(memory)e(organized)i -(around)g(a)g(bac)o(kplane)g(bus.)19 b(A)o(t)13 b(least)h(one)f(XKL)1291 -2290 y(-)1303 2294 y(1)g(cen)o(tral)h(pro)q(cessor)h(m)o(ust)d(b)q(e)0 -2344 y(presen)o(t)k(in)f(the)g(system.)21 b(The)15 b(other)g(pro)q(cessors)i -(\(e.g.,)d(device)i(con)o(trollers\))f(generally)g(act)g(at)f(the)i -(direction)0 2394 y(of)d(the)i(XKL)210 2390 y(-)222 2394 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)h -(but)f(p)q(erform)f(their)i(actions)f(async)o(hronously)m(.)0 -2479 y(The)i(TO)o(AD)213 2475 y(-)225 2479 y(1)f(System)h(bac)o(kplane)f(bus) -h(ma)o(y)e(ha)o(v)o(e)i(as)f(man)o(y)f(as)i(fourteen)h(devices)f(attac)o -(hed.)25 b(\(The)16 b(initial)0 2529 y(TO)o(AD)126 2525 y(-)138 -2529 y(1)h(System)f(has)h(capacit)o(y)g(for)g(just)g(sev)o(en)h(devices.\))29 -b(A)17 b(minim)n(um)c(system)k(consists)h(of)e(the)i(XKL)1767 -2525 y(-)1779 2529 y(1)0 2579 y(pro)q(cessor)i(\(including)e(console)h -(terminal)e(p)q(orts,)j(cac)o(he,)g(and)f(pager\),)g(memory)m(,)e(a)h(SCSI)h -(subsystem,)g(and)0 2629 y(a)g(net)o(w)o(ork)g(con)o(trol)g(subsystem.)35 -b(No)19 b(direct)h(pro)o(vision)e(is)h(made)f(for)h(unit{record)h(equipmen)o -(t)e(\(e.g.,)h(line)p eop -%%Page: 5 41 -5 40 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.1.)31 b(TO)o(AD)373 46 y(-)385 50 y(1)13 -b(SYSTEM)i(OR)o(GANIZA)m(TION)989 b FB(5)524 281 y Fx(Figure)18 -b(1.1:)24 b(TO)n(AD)980 277 y(-)997 281 y(1)19 b(System)d(Con\014guration)75 -2610 y Fn(HRMF-TD1SYS.TEX)p 75 2370 9 1661 v 385 834 4 250 -v 387 836 416 4 v 800 834 4 250 v 387 587 416 4 v 442 697 a -Fu(XKL)523 693 y(-)535 697 y(1)e(Pro)q(cesso)o(r,)441 743 y(Cache,)h(and)f(P) -o(ager)p 391 840 V 804 838 4 250 v 75 710 125 9 v 198 813 4 -208 v 200 815 84 4 v 281 813 4 208 v 200 608 84 4 v 219 695 -a Fm(<)p 250 697 4 30 v 232 751 V 228 749 a(>)p 204 819 84 -4 v 285 818 4 208 v 283 711 104 4 v 345 709 a Fl(-)p 283 711 -V -104 w(\033)p 802 628 831 4 v 1590 626 a(-)p 802 628 V -830 -w(\033)p 1630 689 4 125 v 1632 691 299 4 v 1929 689 4 125 v -1632 566 299 4 v 1715 620 a Fu(Console)1706 662 y(T)m(erminal)p -1636 695 V 1933 693 4 125 v 802 794 416 4 v 1175 792 a Fl(-)p -802 794 V -415 w(\033)p 1215 855 4 125 v 1217 857 299 4 v 1514 -855 4 125 v 1217 732 299 4 v 1291 782 a Fu(Auxilia)o(ry)1299 -832 y(Console)p 1221 861 V 1518 859 4 125 v 385 1249 4 250 -v 387 1251 416 4 v 800 1249 4 250 v 387 1002 416 4 v 524 1090 -a(Memo)o(ry)502 1139 y(Subsystem)441 1188 y(16)f(o)o(r)h(32)f(M)h(w)o(o)o -(rds)p 391 1255 V 804 1253 4 250 v 75 1125 125 9 v 198 1229 -4 208 v 200 1230 84 4 v 281 1229 4 208 v 200 1023 84 4 v 219 -1110 a Fm(<)p 250 1112 4 30 v 232 1166 V 228 1164 a(>)p 204 -1234 84 4 v 285 1233 4 208 v 283 1126 104 4 v 345 1124 a Fl(-)p -283 1126 V -104 w(\033)p 385 1664 4 250 v 387 1666 416 4 v -800 1664 4 250 v 387 1417 416 4 v 552 1534 a Fu(SCSI)519 1575 -y(Interface)p 391 1670 V 804 1669 4 250 v 75 1540 125 9 v 198 -1644 4 208 v 200 1645 84 4 v 281 1644 4 208 v 200 1438 84 4 -v 219 1525 a Fm(<)p 250 1527 4 30 v 232 1581 V 228 1579 a(>)p -204 1649 84 4 v 285 1648 4 208 v 283 1541 104 4 v 345 1539 -a Fl(-)p 283 1541 V -104 w(\033)p 802 1467 1246 4 v 2006 1465 -a(-)p 802 1467 V -1246 w(\033)p 2004 1548 4 84 v 2006 1548 -a(?)2006 1507 y(6)1946 1664 y Fk(\032\031)1946 1548 y(\033\030)1967 -1612 y Fu(Disk)p 1838 1548 V 1839 1548 a Fl(?)1839 1507 y(6)1780 -1664 y Fk(\032\031)1780 1548 y(\033\030)1801 1612 y Fu(Disk)p -802 1517 934 4 v 1694 1515 a Fl(-)p 802 1517 V -934 w(\033)p -1693 1598 4 84 v 1694 1598 a(?)1694 1556 y(6)1634 1714 y Fk(\032\031)1634 -1598 y(\033)q(\030)1656 1662 y Fu(Disk)p 1527 1598 V 1528 1598 -a Fl(?)1528 1556 y(6)1468 1714 y Fk(\032\031)1468 1598 y(\033)q(\030)1490 -1662 y Fu(Disk)p 802 1566 623 4 v 1383 1564 a Fl(-)p 802 1566 -V -623 w(\033)p 1381 1648 4 84 v 1383 1648 a(?)1383 1606 y(6)1323 -1764 y Fk(\032\031)1323 1647 y(\033\030)1345 1712 y Fu(Disk)p -1215 1648 V 1217 1648 a Fl(?)1217 1606 y(6)1157 1764 y Fk(\032\031)1157 -1647 y(\033\030)1179 1712 y Fu(Disk)p 802 1616 312 4 v 1072 -1614 a Fl(-)p 802 1616 V -312 w(\033)p 1070 1698 4 84 v 1072 -1698 a(?)1072 1656 y(6)1012 1813 y Fk(\032\031)1012 1697 y(\033\030)1029 -1758 y Fu(T)m(ap)q(e)p 1072 1811 84 4 v 385 2079 4 250 v 387 -2081 416 4 v 800 2079 4 250 v 387 1832 416 4 v 520 1949 a(Ethernet)519 -1990 y(Interface)p 391 2085 V 804 2084 4 250 v 75 1955 125 -9 v 198 2059 4 208 v 200 2060 84 4 v 281 2059 4 208 v 200 1853 -84 4 v 219 1940 a Fm(<)p 250 1942 4 30 v 232 1996 V 228 1994 -a(>)p 204 2065 84 4 v 285 2063 4 208 v 283 1957 104 4 v 345 -1955 a Fl(-)p 283 1957 V -104 w(\033)p 802 1882 1246 4 v 2006 -1880 a(-)p 802 1882 V -1246 w(\033)p 802 1932 934 4 v 1694 -1930 a(-)p 802 1932 V -934 w(\033)p 802 1982 623 4 v 1383 1980 -a(-)p 802 1982 V -623 w(\033)p 802 2031 312 4 v 1072 2029 a(-)p -802 2031 V -312 w(\033)p 385 2495 4 250 v 387 2496 416 4 v -800 2495 4 250 v 387 2247 416 4 v 563 2372 a Fu(.)f(.)h(.)p -391 2500 V 804 2499 4 250 v 75 2370 125 9 v 198 2474 4 208 -v 200 2475 84 4 v 281 2474 4 208 v 200 2268 84 4 v 219 2355 -a Fm(<)p 250 2357 4 30 v 232 2411 V 228 2409 a(>)p 204 2480 -84 4 v 285 2478 4 208 v 283 2372 104 4 v 345 2370 a Fl(-)p -283 2372 V -104 w(\033)p eop -%%Page: 6 42 -6 41 bop 0 50 a FB(6)1152 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)0 -195 y FB(prin)o(ters\))15 b(or)f(for)f(terminal)f(connections)j(\(excepting)g -(the)f(console)h(terminal\);)c(these)16 b(can)e(b)q(e)g(handled)g(swiftly)0 -245 y(and)g(e\016cien)o(tly)g(via)f(the)h(net)o(w)o(ork.)0 -330 y(The)e(SCSI)g(and)f(net)o(w)o(ork)h(subsystems)g(are)g(designed)g(to)g -(read)g(in{memo)o(ry)d(command)g(lists)i(and)h(transfer)g(data)0 -380 y(directly)i(to)f(and)h(from)e(memory)f(without)i(in)o(terrupting)h(the)g -(XKL)1088 376 y(-)1100 380 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor.)20 b(These)15 -b(devices)g(can)e(request)0 430 y(priorit)o(y)g(in)o(terrupts)i(to)f(alert)g -(the)g(XKL)653 426 y(-)666 430 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)j(to)e(a)f(c)o(hange)i(in)e -(status)i(\(a)f(message)f(queue)i(going)e(from)0 480 y(empt)o(y)j(to)h -(non{empt)o(y)m(,)e(a)i(semaphore)f(state)i(c)o(hange,)g(etc.\))28 -b(or)17 b(an)f(ev)o(en)o(t)i(\(e.g.,)f(error)g(conditions\))g(that)g(is)0 -530 y(b)q(ey)o(ond)d(the)h(abilit)o(y)d(of)h(the)i(subsystem)f(to)f(handle.)0 -682 y Fx(1.1.1)55 b(The)19 b(XKL)409 678 y(-)424 682 y(1)g(Cen)n(tral)g(Pro)r -(cessor)0 794 y FB(Figure)14 b(1.2)f(sho)o(ws)h(the)h(in)o(ternal)e(data)h -(paths)g(and)g(main)d(pro)q(cessing)k(elemen)o(ts)f(of)f(the)i(XKL)1514 -790 y(-)1526 794 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor.)0 880 y(Omitted)j(from)f(the)i(\014gure) -g(is)g(the)g(micro)q(con)o(troller,)f(whic)o(h,)h(through)g(its)g(programmed) -d(instructions)j(\(the)0 929 y(micro)q(co)q(de\),)j(con)o(trols)f(the)g(op)q -(eration)g(of)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(b)o(y)e(pro)o(viding)e(step{b)o(y{step)j -(directions)g(to)e(the)0 979 y(v)n(arious)11 b(data{path)h(comp)q(onen)o(ts.) -17 b(The)c(illustration)d(also)i(omits)e(most)h(of)h(the)h(con)o(trol)e -(lines)i(emanating)d(from)0 1029 y(the)i(micro)q(con)o(troller)f(and)g -(extending)h(throughout)g(the)g(mac)o(hine.)k(Some)10 b(of)h(the)i(con)o -(trol)e(lines)h(are)g(illustrated:)0 1079 y(\\GP")e(signi\014es)i(the)f -(general{purp)q(ose)i(\014eld)e(of)g(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de;)g(th)o(us,)h -(some)e(of)h(the)h(micro)q(con)o(troller)e(program)0 1129 y(is)k(used)h(as)e -(data)h(in)f(con)o(trolling)g(the)h(data{path)g(elemen)o(ts.)0 -1214 y(Of)d(the)h(registers)g(sho)o(wn,)f(only)f(PC)i(\(the)f(program)f(coun) -o(ter,)i(lab)q(eled)f(\\Macro)g(PC)g(&)g(Section"\),)h(the)f(Program)0 -1264 y(Flags)16 b(\(in)f(the)i(\\D)e(to)h(D)g(Latc)o(h/Gate"\),)g(and)g(one)g -(set)h(of)f(accum)o(ulators)f(\(within)g(\\Mem)g(A"\))h(are)h(directly)0 -1314 y(relev)n(an)o(t)g(to)g(a)g(t)o(ypical)f(user.)28 b(The)18 -b(pro)q(cessor)h(p)q(erforms)d(a)h(program)e(b)o(y)i(executing)h -(instructions)g(retriev)o(ed)0 1364 y(from)e(the)i(memory)d(lo)q(cations)i -(addressed)j(b)o(y)d(PC.)h(F)m(or)f(the)h(normal)e(program)g(sequence,)k(PC)e -(is)f(regularly)0 1413 y(incremen)o(ted)f(b)o(y)f(one)h(so)f(that)g -(instructions)i(are)e(tak)o(en)h(from)e(consecutiv)o(e)i(lo)q(cations.)22 -b(Sequen)o(tial)16 b(program)0 1463 y(\015o)o(w)h(is)f(altered)i(b)o(y)f(c)o -(hanging)f(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(PC,)f(either)i(b)o(y)f(incremen)o -(ting)f(it)g(an)h(extra)g(time)f(in)g(a)h(skip)0 1513 y(instruction,)c(or)g -(b)o(y)f(replacing)h(its)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(with)e(the)i(v)n(alue)e(sp)q -(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d(a)h(jump)e(instruction.)18 b(Throughout)0 -1563 y(the)i(text,)h(the)f(phrase)h(\\jump)c(to)j(lo)q(cation)e -Fw(n)s FB(")i(means)f(to)g(load)g(the)h(v)n(alue)f Fw(n)k FB(in)o(to)18 -b(PC)i(and)f(to)h(con)o(tin)o(ue)0 1613 y(p)q(erforming)15 -b(instructions)i(in)e(the)i(normal)d(coun)o(ting)i(sequence,)j(b)q(eginning)c -(at)h(the)h(lo)q(cation)f(then)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)0 1663 y(b)o(y)c(PC.)f(When)h -(coun)o(ting)g(the)g(PC,)g(no)g(carry)g(is)g(allo)o(w)o(ed)f(in)o(to)g(the)h -(section)h(part.)k(Hence,)d(although)d(large)g(data)0 1712 -y(structures)17 b(can)d(arbitrarily)f(cross)j(section)e(b)q(oundaries,)h(the) -f(program)f(cannot.)19 b(The)c(program)d(coun)o(t)j(wraps)0 -1762 y(around)g(in)f(the)h(curren)o(t)i(PC)e(section,)g(whic)o(h)g(is)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d(PC)h(bits)g(6{17.)20 b(F)m(or)14 b(the)i(program)d(to)h -(go)h(from)0 1812 y(one)f(section)h(to)e(another)i(requires)g(an)f(explicit)f -(transfer)i(of)e(con)o(trol)h(b)o(y)f(jumping)f(to)i(another)g(section.)0 -1898 y(Eac)o(h)i(instruction)h(retriev)o(ed)g(from)d(memory)g(con)o(tains)i -(information)d(iden)o(tifying)h(the)j(op)q(erands)g(and)f(an)g(in-)0 -1947 y(struction)h(co)q(de)h(sp)q(ecifying)e(the)h(op)q(eration)f(to)h(b)q(e) -g(p)q(erformed)f(using)g(those)i(op)q(erands.)26 b(The)17 b(instruction)g(is) -0 1997 y(deco)q(ded)g(b)o(y)e(the)h(micro)q(con)o(troller,)e(whic)o(h)h(in)g -(turn)h(p)q(erforms)f(the)h(instruction)g(b)o(y)f(manipulating)d(all)j(of)f -(the)0 2047 y(other)d(pro)q(cessor)h(elemen)o(ts)f(and)f(making)e(the)j -(necessary)i(requests)f(to)e(the)i(memory)m(.)h(The)e(micro)q(con)o(troller)f -(also)0 2097 y(executes)19 b(the)e(more)f(fundamen)o(tal)f(op)q(erations)i -(of)f(sequencing)h(the)h(program,)d(handling)h(TOPS{20)g(paging)0 -2147 y(op)q(erations)h(b)q(ey)o(ond)f(the)h(basic)g(address)g(translation)f -(made)f(b)o(y)h(the)h(pager,)g(pro)q(cessing)g(in)o(terrupts,)h(and)e(so)0 -2196 y(forth.)0 2282 y(The)i(micro)q(con)o(troller)e(op)q(erates)i(from)e -(micro)q(co)q(de)g(con)o(tained)i(in)e(a)h(con)o(trol)g(store.)29 -b(This)17 b(micro)q(co)q(de)g(b)q(ears)0 2332 y(the)f(same)f(relation)g(to)g -(the)h(micro)q(con)o(troller)e(as)i(the)g(program)e(do)q(es)i(to)g(the)g(pro) -q(cessor.)24 b(Micropro)q(cessing)17 b(is)0 2382 y(in)o(visible)e(to)h(the)h -(programmer,)d(who)i(need)h(not)f(b)q(e)h(concerned)h(with)e(the)h(micro)q -(co)q(de.)25 b(The)16 b(reader)i(should,)0 2431 y(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)e(note)h -(an)e(imp)q(ortan)o(t)g(implicatio)o(n)e(of)j(this)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f(pro)q -(cessor)j(implemen)o(tation:)h(a)c(single)h(XKL)1767 2427 y(-)1779 -2431 y(1)0 2481 y(could)e(p)q(oten)o(tially)e(pro)q(cess)k(a)e(di\013eren)o -(t)h(instruction{set)f(b)o(y)g(loading)e(a)i(di\013eren)o(t)h(micro)q(co)q -(de.)0 2567 y(The)j(ma)r(jor)e(w)o(orking)h(area)h(of)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i -(is)e(the)g(arithmetic)f(logic)g(unit)g(\(ALU\).)h(This)g(unit)f(p)q(erforms) -0 2617 y(36{bit)d(in)o(teger)i(arithmetic,)f(half{w)o(ord)f(arithmetic,)g -(and)h(logic)g(functions.)23 b(Double{precision)15 b(in)o(teger)h(and)p -eop -%%Page: 7 43 -7 42 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.1.)31 b(TO)o(AD)373 46 y(-)385 50 y(1)13 -b(SYSTEM)i(OR)o(GANIZA)m(TION)989 b FB(7)150 491 y -gsave 0.75 0.65 scale - 150 2291 -a -gsave currentpoint currentpoint translate 270 rotate neg exch neg exch -translate - -483 2208 a Fj(Figure)27 b(1.2:)37 b(XKL)124 2202 y(-)147 -2208 y(1)28 b(Cen)n(tral)f(Pro)r(cessor)g(Data)h(P)n(aths)-1510 -4904 y Fu(HRMF-XKL1.TEX)p -1510 4865 3828 5 v -1510 4865 5 -2616 v 2313 4865 V -1510 2254 3828 5 v -1412 3785 4 1433 v --1436 3787 25 4 v -1436 3806 a Fl(H)p -1379 3785 4 1433 v -1378 -3787 25 4 v(\010)p -1411 2322 34 4 v -1412 2353 4 34 v -1378 -2355 3595 4 v 2216 2378 4 25 v 2217 2378 a(\001)p -1378 2322 -3595 4 v 2216 2320 4 25 v 2217 2337 a(A)267 2393 y Fu(A)13 -b(Bus)p 273 4553 4 2035 v 250 2521 25 4 v 250 4555 V 250 2519 -a Fl(\010)250 4574 y(H)p 306 4553 4 2035 v 308 2521 25 4 v -308 4555 V 291 2519 a(H)291 4574 y(\010)237 2488 y Fu(D)h(Bus)-428 -2617 y(E\013ective)h(Address)g(Latch)p -473 2687 499 4 v -474 -2685 4 167 v 24 2685 V -473 2521 499 4 v -461 2676 a Fn(6)123 -b(17)22 b(18)204 b(35)p -275 2685 4 50 v -1357 2621 864 4 v --1359 2644 4 25 v -1378 2644 a Fl(A)p -1357 2587 864 4 v -1359 -2586 4 25 v -1378 2602 a(\001)p -495 2644 V -493 2644 a(\001)p --495 2586 V -493 2602 a(A)p 25 2621 229 4 v 252 2644 4 25 v -254 2644 a(\001)p 25 2587 229 4 v 252 2586 4 25 v 254 2602 -a(A)-1087 2766 y Fu(A)14 b(to)f(D)h(Gate)g(and)h(Sw)o(ap)p --1095 2791 416 4 v -1097 2789 4 67 v -682 2789 V -1095 2724 -416 4 v -1378 2774 262 4 v -1118 2798 4 25 v -1116 2798 a Fl(\001)p --1378 2741 262 4 v -1118 2739 4 25 v -1116 2756 a(A)p -680 -2774 934 4 v 252 2798 4 25 v 254 2798 a(\001)p -680 2741 934 -4 v 252 2739 4 25 v 254 2756 a(A)-423 2870 y Fu(D)f(to)g(A)f(Gate)h(and)h(Sw) -o(ap)p -431 2895 416 4 v -433 2893 4 67 v -18 2893 V -431 2828 -416 4 v -1357 2878 926 4 v -1359 2901 4 25 v -1378 2901 a Fl(A)p --1357 2845 926 4 v -1359 2843 4 25 v -1378 2860 a(\001)p 5 -2878 270 4 v 3 2901 4 25 v -16 2901 a(A)p 5 2845 270 4 v 3 -2843 4 25 v -16 2860 a(\001)-690 2974 y Fu(ALU)e(lo)o(w)h(\(right\))p --718 2998 333 4 v -719 2997 4 67 v -387 2997 V -718 2932 333 -4 v -1357 2982 640 4 v -1359 3005 4 25 v -1378 3005 a Fl(A)p --1357 2949 640 4 v -1359 2947 4 25 v -1378 2964 a(\001)p -365 -2982 640 4 v -366 3005 4 25 v -385 3005 a(A)p -365 2949 640 -4 v -366 2947 4 25 v -385 2964 a(\001)-686 3078 y Fu(ALU)g(high)g(\(left\))p --718 3102 333 4 v -719 3101 4 67 v -387 3101 V -718 3036 333 -4 v -1357 3086 640 4 v -1359 3109 4 25 v -1378 3109 a Fl(A)p --1357 3052 640 4 v -1359 3051 4 25 v -1378 3067 a(\001)p -365 -3086 640 4 v -366 3109 4 25 v -385 3109 a(A)p -365 3052 640 -4 v -366 3051 4 25 v -385 3067 a(\001)-616 3240 y Fu(Mem)f(A)-621 -3277 y Fn(8192)p Fz(\002)p Fn(36)p -718 3351 333 4 v -719 3350 -4 208 v -387 3350 V -718 3144 333 4 v -1378 3326 640 4 v -740 -3350 4 25 v -738 3350 a Fl(\001)p -1378 3293 640 4 v -740 3292 -4 25 v -738 3308 a(A)-709 3320 y Fn(Address)p -365 3202 619 -4 v -366 3225 4 25 v -385 3225 a Fl(A)p -365 3169 619 4 v -366 -3167 4 25 v -385 3184 a(\001)p 252 3225 V 254 3225 a(\001)p -252 3167 V 254 3184 a(A)-466 3195 y Fn(Data)-78 3292 y Fu(D)h(to)g(D)-116 -3335 y(Latch/Gate)-61 3387 y(Flags)p -141 3414 250 4 v -142 -3412 4 167 v 107 3412 V -141 3248 250 4 v 129 3347 125 4 v -128 3370 4 25 v 108 3370 a Fl(A)p 129 3314 125 4 v 128 3312 -4 25 v 108 3329 a(\001)p 252 3370 V 254 3370 a(\001)p 252 3312 -V 254 3329 a(A)p -244 3347 84 4 v -163 3370 4 25 v -161 3370 -a(\001)p -244 3314 84 4 v -163 3312 4 25 v -161 3329 a(A)-312 -3343 y Fu(GP)-785 3497 y(Mem)g(A)f(Address)i(T)m(ranslato)o(r)p --801 3517 499 4 v -802 3516 4 67 v -304 3516 V -801 3451 499 -4 v -1357 3501 557 4 v -1359 3524 4 25 v -1378 3524 a Fl(A)p --1357 3468 557 4 v -1359 3466 4 25 v -1378 3482 a(\001)p -282 -3501 557 4 v -283 3524 4 25 v -302 3524 a(A)p -282 3468 557 -4 v -283 3466 4 25 v -302 3482 a(\001)-1279 3717 y Fu(Macro)g(PC)e(&)h -(Section)p -1295 3737 395 4 v -1296 3736 4 67 v -902 3736 V --1295 3671 395 4 v -1357 3721 63 4 v -1359 3744 4 25 v -1378 -3744 a Fl(A)p -1357 3688 63 4 v -1359 3686 4 25 v -1378 3702 -a(\001)p -879 3721 67 4 v -881 3744 4 25 v -900 3744 a(A)p --879 3688 67 4 v -881 3686 4 25 v -900 3702 a(\001)p -815 4657 -4 1026 v -838 3634 25 4 v -838 3632 a(\010)p -782 4657 4 1026 -v -780 3634 25 4 v(H)p -780 4692 2736 4 v 1954 4715 4 25 v -1956 4715 a(\001)p -780 4659 2736 4 v 1954 4657 4 25 v 1956 -4674 a(A)p -815 4690 4 34 v -813 4692 34 4 v 512 4638 a Fu(R)g(Bus)-1135 -3875 y(Floating/)-1097 3927 y(Long)-1093 3976 y(ALU)p -1178 -4015 250 4 v -1180 4014 4 208 v -931 4014 V -1178 3808 250 -4 v -1378 3991 179 4 v -1201 4014 4 25 v -1199 4014 a Fl(\001)p --1378 3957 179 4 v -1201 3956 4 25 v -1199 3972 a(A)p -1274 -3866 75 4 v -1201 3889 4 25 v -1199 3889 a(\001)p -1274 3833 -75 4 v -1201 3831 4 25 v -1199 3848 a(A)-1342 3862 y Fu(GP)p --929 3866 96 4 v -835 3889 4 25 v -834 3889 a Fl(\001)p -929 -3833 96 4 v -835 3831 4 25 v -834 3848 a(A)p -929 3991 96 4 -v -835 4014 4 25 v -834 4014 a(\001)p -929 3957 96 4 v -835 -3956 4 25 v -834 3972 a(A)-1122 4163 y Fu(Shifter/)-1126 4217 -y(Mask)o(er/)-1106 4269 y(Timer)p -1178 4306 250 4 v -1180 -4304 4 208 v -931 4304 V -1178 4098 250 4 v -1378 4281 179 -4 v -1201 4304 4 25 v -1199 4304 a Fl(\001)p -1378 4248 179 -4 v -1201 4246 4 25 v -1199 4263 a(A)p -1274 4157 75 4 v -1201 -4180 4 25 v -1199 4180 a(\001)p -1274 4123 75 4 v -1201 4122 -4 25 v -1199 4138 a(A)-1342 4153 y Fu(GP)p -909 4219 75 4 v --910 4242 4 25 v -929 4242 a Fl(A)p -909 4186 75 4 v -910 4184 -4 25 v -929 4201 a(\001)p -835 4242 V -834 4242 a(\001)p -835 -4184 V -834 4201 a(A)-1109 4485 y Fu(UART)p -1178 4534 250 -4 v -1180 4533 4 125 v -931 4533 V -1178 4410 250 4 v -1274 -4489 75 4 v -1201 4512 4 25 v -1199 4512 a Fl(\001)p -1274 -4455 75 4 v -1201 4454 4 25 v -1199 4470 a(A)-1342 4485 y Fu(GP)p --909 4489 75 4 v -910 4512 4 25 v -929 4512 a Fl(A)p -909 4455 -75 4 v -910 4454 4 25 v -929 4470 a(\001)p -835 4512 V -834 -4512 a(\001)p -835 4454 V -834 4470 a(A)p -1139 4616 4 84 v --1137 4616 a(?)-1137 4574 y(6)-1201 4651 y Fn(Auxilia)o(ry)-1194 -4693 y(Console)-1201 4728 y(T)m(erminal)p -972 4657 4 125 v --971 4657 a Fl(?)-971 4574 y(6)-1028 4693 y Fn(Console)-1035 -4728 y(T)m(erminal)-476 4455 y Fu(R)g(|)f(D)-488 4513 y(Interface)-321 -4454 y Fm(<)p -290 4456 4 30 v -309 4515 V -313 4513 a(>)p --506 4534 250 4 v -508 4533 4 125 v -258 4533 V -506 4410 250 -4 v -236 4489 486 4 v -238 4512 4 25 v -257 4512 a Fl(A)p -236 -4455 486 4 v -238 4454 4 25 v -257 4470 a(\001)p 248 4512 V -250 4512 a(\001)p 248 4454 V 250 4470 a(A)p -759 4489 237 4 -v -761 4512 4 25 v -780 4512 a(A)p -759 4455 237 4 v -761 4454 -4 25 v -780 4470 a(\001)p -524 4512 V -522 4512 a(\001)p -524 -4454 V -522 4470 a(A)-555 3838 y Fu(ROM/RAM)-519 3889 y(Address)-501 -3931 y(Latch)p -576 3974 250 4 v -578 3972 4 208 v -329 3972 -V -576 3766 250 4 v -659 3949 63 4 v -599 3972 4 25 v -597 -3972 a Fl(\001)p -659 3916 63 4 v -599 3914 4 25 v -597 3931 -a(A)-727 3945 y Fu(GP)p -780 3825 183 4 v -599 3848 4 25 v --597 3848 a Fl(\001)p -780 3791 183 4 v -599 3790 4 25 v -597 -3806 a(A)p -327 3849 457 4 v -327 3887 V 128 4039 4 154 v -124 -4265 a Fu(Non)-154 4306 y(V)o(olatile)-134 4348 y(RAM)p -203 -4368 229 4 v -205 4367 4 150 v 24 4367 V -203 4219 229 4 v --191 4303 a Fn(D)156 b(A)p -759 4310 536 4 v -761 4333 4 25 -v -780 4333 a Fl(A)p -759 4277 536 4 v -761 4275 4 25 v -780 -4292 a(\001)p -225 4333 V -224 4333 a(\001)p -225 4275 V -224 -4292 a(A)p 46 4310 84 4 v 45 4333 4 25 v 25 4333 a(A)p 46 4277 -84 4 v 45 4275 4 25 v 25 4292 a(\001)p 129 4310 34 4 v 161 -4309 4 677 v 128 4275 4 204 v -136 4028 a Fu(Serial)-158 4070 -y(Numb)q(er)-149 4111 y(PROM)p -203 4132 229 4 v -205 4130 -4 150 v 24 4130 V -203 3982 229 4 v -191 4067 a Fn(D)g(A)p --759 4074 557 4 v -761 4097 4 25 v -780 4097 a Fl(A)p -759 -4040 557 4 v -761 4039 4 25 v -780 4055 a(\001)p 46 4074 84 -4 v 45 4097 4 25 v 25 4097 a(A)p 46 4040 84 4 v 45 4039 4 25 -v 25 4055 a(\001)-153 3638 y Fu(Lo)q(okup)-136 3688 y(ROM)p --203 3746 229 4 v -205 3744 4 191 v 24 3744 V -203 3555 229 -4 v -191 3714 a Fn(D)-191 3606 y(D)-10 3660 y(A)p -759 3721 -557 4 v -761 3744 4 25 v -780 3744 a Fl(A)p -759 3688 557 4 -v -761 3686 4 25 v -780 3702 a(\001)p -452 3613 250 4 v -454 -3636 4 25 v -473 3636 a(A)p -452 3580 250 4 v -454 3578 4 25 -v -473 3595 a(\001)-700 3602 y Fn(T)m(o)11 b(Cond)h(Mux)p 46 -3667 84 4 v 45 3690 4 25 v 25 3690 a Fl(A)p 46 3634 84 4 v -45 3632 4 25 v 25 3649 a(\001)p 128 3852 4 187 v 129 3634 34 -4 v 2045 2436 4 63 v 2022 2376 25 4 v 2022 2438 V 2022 2374 -a(\010)2022 2457 y(H)p 2079 2436 4 63 v 2080 2376 25 4 v 2080 -2438 V -83 x(H)2064 2457 y(\010)1913 2509 y Fu(DPM)i(W)o(rite)g(Data)1918 -2550 y(Read)g(Diag)f(Latch)p 1898 2583 333 4 v 1896 2582 4 -125 v 2228 2582 V 1898 2459 333 4 v 2045 4782 4 2180 v 2022 -2604 25 4 v 2022 2602 a Fl(\010)p 2079 4782 4 2180 v 2080 2604 -25 4 v(H)p -1412 4782 4 872 v -1436 3912 25 4 v -1436 3910 -a(\010)p -1379 4782 4 872 v -1378 3912 25 4 v(H)p -1412 4815 -4 34 v 2079 4815 V -1411 4817 3492 4 v -1378 4783 3425 4 v -506 4763 a Fu(IA)g(Bus)1793 2681 y Fm(<)p 1824 2683 4 30 v -1805 2758 V 1801 2756 a(>)p 1773 2791 84 4 v 1771 2789 4 167 -v 1854 2789 V 1773 2625 84 4 v 1877 2724 150 4 v 1875 2748 -4 25 v 1856 2748 a Fl(A)p 1877 2691 150 4 v 1875 2690 4 25 -v 1856 2706 a(\001)p 2025 2748 V 2026 2748 a(\001)p 2025 2690 -V 2026 2706 a(A)p 590 2724 1163 4 v 588 2748 4 25 v 569 2748 -a(A)p 590 2691 1163 4 v 588 2690 4 25 v 569 2706 a(\001)p 1751 -2748 V 1752 2748 a(\001)p 1751 2690 V 1752 2706 a(A)1115 2679 -y Fu(DPM)g(Address)i(Bus)642 2534 y(DPM)f(Address)g(Latch)p -611 2583 416 4 v 609 2582 4 125 v 1024 2582 V 611 2459 416 -4 v 769 2566 a Fn(0,3{35)p 800 2669 4 88 v 777 2671 25 4 v -777 2690 a Fl(H)p 833 2669 4 88 v 835 2671 25 4 v -1 w(\010)p -800 2436 4 84 v 777 2438 25 4 v 777 2457 a(H)p 833 2436 4 84 -v 835 2438 25 4 v -1 w(\010)p 1568 2810 4 88 v 1545 2812 25 -4 v 1545 2831 a(H)p 1601 2810 4 88 v 1603 2812 25 4 v -1 w(\010)1466 -2788 y Fn(27{35)1519 2883 y Fu(Address)1536 2924 y(Break)1485 -2965 y(Compa)o(rato)o(r)p 1462 2998 250 4 v 1460 2997 4 167 -v 1709 2997 V 1462 2832 250 4 v 1711 2932 316 4 v 2025 2955 -4 25 v 2026 2955 a Fl(\001)p 1711 2899 316 4 v 2025 2897 4 -25 v 2026 2914 a(A)p 1319 2810 4 67 v 1296 2745 25 4 v 1296 -2812 V 1296 2744 a(\010)1296 2831 y(H)p 1352 2810 4 67 v 1354 -2745 25 4 v 1354 2812 V 1337 2744 a(H)1337 2831 y(\010)1324 -2863 y Fn(D)p 1215 2810 4 88 v 1192 2812 25 4 v 1192 2831 a -Fl(H)p 1248 2810 4 88 v 1250 2812 25 4 v -1 w(\010)1222 2863 -y Fn(A)1246 2899 y Fu(P)o(ager)1263 2949 y(T)m(ag)p 1192 2998 -208 4 v 1190 2997 4 167 v 1398 2997 V 1192 2832 208 4 v 1070 -2810 4 88 v 1047 2812 25 4 v 1047 2831 a Fl(H)p 1103 2810 4 -88 v 1105 2812 25 4 v -1 w(\010)1076 2863 y Fn(A)1039 2903 -y Fu(P)o(ager)1046 2953 y(Data)p 984 2998 208 4 v 983 2997 -4 167 v 1190 2997 V 984 2832 208 4 v 1070 3084 4 67 v 1047 -3019 25 4 v 1047 3086 V 1047 3018 a Fl(\010)1047 3105 y(H)p -1103 3084 4 67 v 1105 3019 25 4 v 1105 3086 V 1088 3018 a(H)1088 -3105 y(\010)1075 2988 y Fn(D)p 1070 3225 4 88 v 1047 3227 25 -4 v 1047 3246 a Fl(H)p 1103 3225 4 88 v 1105 3227 25 4 v -1 -w(\010)1121 3201 y Fn(0,3{6,7{26)p 676 2810 4 88 v 652 2812 -25 4 v 652 2831 a Fl(H)p 709 2810 4 88 v 710 2812 25 4 v(\010)603 -2879 y Fu(Phys)g(Addr)634 2928 y(Bypass)653 2978 y(Gate)p 590 -2998 208 4 v 588 2997 4 167 v 796 2997 V 590 2832 208 4 v 676 -3516 4 519 v 652 3517 25 4 v 652 3536 a Fl(H)p 709 3516 4 519 -v 710 3517 25 4 v(\010)1793 3096 y Fm(<)p 1824 3098 4 30 v -1805 3173 V 1801 3171 a(>)p 1773 3206 84 4 v 1771 3204 4 167 -v 1854 3204 V 1773 3040 84 4 v 1877 3140 150 4 v 1875 3163 -4 25 v 1856 3163 a Fl(A)p 1877 3106 150 4 v 1875 3105 4 25 -v 1856 3121 a(\001)p 2025 3163 V 2026 3163 a(\001)p 2025 3105 -V 2026 3121 a(A)p 1005 3140 748 4 v 1003 3163 4 25 v 984 3163 -a(A)p 1005 3106 748 4 v 1003 3105 4 25 v 984 3121 a(\001)p -1751 3163 V 1752 3163 a(\001)p 1751 3105 V 1752 3121 a(A)914 -3298 y Fu(Physical)917 3347 y(Address)936 3389 y(Latch)p 818 -3414 333 4 v 817 3412 4 167 v 1149 3412 V 818 3248 333 4 v -883 3225 4 503 v 860 3227 25 4 v 860 3246 a Fl(H)p 916 3225 -4 503 v 918 3227 25 4 v -1 w(\010)781 3203 y Fn(27{35)p 966 -3516 4 104 v 943 3517 25 4 v 943 3536 a Fl(H)p 999 3516 4 104 -v 1001 3517 25 4 v -1 w(\010)1793 3528 y Fm(<)p 1824 3530 4 -30 v 1805 3605 V 1801 3603 a(>)p 1773 3638 84 4 v 1771 3636 -4 167 v 1854 3636 V 1773 3472 84 4 v 1877 3571 150 4 v 1875 -3595 4 25 v 1856 3595 a Fl(A)p 1877 3538 150 4 v 1875 3536 -4 25 v 1856 3553 a(\001)p 2025 3595 V 2026 3595 a(\001)p 2025 -3536 V 2026 3553 a(A)p 590 3571 1163 4 v 588 3595 4 25 v 569 -3595 a(A)p 590 3538 1163 4 v 588 3536 4 25 v 569 3553 a(\001)p -1751 3595 V 1752 3595 a(\001)p 1751 3536 V 1752 3553 a(A)1285 -3468 y Fn(0,3{6,7{35)1132 3516 y Fu(P)m(A)f(\(Physical)h(Address\))h(Bus)p -1298 3653 4 63 v 1275 3592 25 4 v 1275 3654 V 1275 3590 a Fl(\010)1275 -3673 y(H)p 1331 3653 4 63 v 1333 3592 25 4 v 1333 3654 V 1316 -3590 a(H)1316 3673 y(\010)1304 3706 y Fn(D)p 1194 3653 4 84 -v 1171 3654 25 4 v 1171 3673 a Fl(H)p 1228 3653 4 84 v 1229 -3654 25 4 v(\010)1201 3706 y Fn(A)p 1049 3653 4 84 v 1026 3654 -25 4 v 1026 3673 a Fl(H)p 1082 3653 4 84 v 1084 3654 25 4 v --1 w(\010)1056 3706 y Fn(A)1223 3746 y Fu(Cache)1242 3787 y(T)m(ag)p -1171 3841 208 4 v 1170 3839 4 167 v 1377 3839 V 1171 3675 208 -4 v 1015 3750 a(Cache)1025 3791 y(Data)p 964 3841 V 962 3839 -4 167 v 1170 3839 V 964 3675 208 4 v 1049 3931 4 71 v 1026 -3862 25 4 v 1026 3932 V 1026 3860 a Fl(\010)1026 3952 y(H)p -1082 3931 4 71 v 1084 3862 25 4 v 1084 3932 V 1067 3860 a(H)1067 -3952 y(\010)1055 3830 y Fn(D)p 676 3653 4 84 v 652 3654 25 -4 v 652 3673 a Fl(H)p 709 3653 4 84 v 710 3654 25 4 v(\010)682 -3706 y Fn(A)597 3751 y Fu(Bo)q(ot)f(ROM)621 3787 y Fn(256K)p -Fz(\002)p Fn(36)p 590 3841 208 4 v 588 3839 4 167 v 796 3839 -V 590 3675 208 4 v 676 4097 4 258 v 652 4098 25 4 v 652 4118 -a Fl(H)p 709 4097 4 258 v 710 4098 25 4 v(\010)681 3830 y Fn(D)1746 -3941 y Fu(W)o(rite)1751 3983 y(Data)1753 4024 y(Gate)p 1732 -4053 125 4 v 1730 4051 4 167 v 1854 4051 V 1732 3887 125 4 -v 1877 3986 171 4 v 1875 4010 4 25 v 1856 4010 a Fl(A)p 1877 -3953 171 4 v 1875 3952 4 25 v 1856 3968 a(\001)p 964 3986 768 -4 v 962 4010 4 25 v 943 4010 a(A)p 964 3953 768 4 v 962 3952 -4 25 v 943 3968 a(\001)1187 3941 y Fu(CD)f(Bus)-485 b(Read)838 -3983 y(Data)840 4024 y(Gate)p 818 4053 125 4 v 817 4051 4 167 -v 941 4051 V 818 3887 125 4 v 731 3986 88 4 v 729 4010 4 25 -v 710 4010 a Fl(A)p 731 3953 88 4 v 729 3952 4 25 v 710 3968 -a(\001)p 1423 4097 4 96 v 1399 4098 25 4 v 1399 4118 a(H)p -1456 4097 4 96 v 1458 4098 25 4 v(\010)p 1456 3935 4 366 v -1423 3935 V 1456 3991 4 13 v 1423 3991 V 1456 3973 4 11 v 1423 -3973 V 1456 3958 4 13 v 1423 3958 V 1352 4170 a Fu(Backplane)1373 -4219 y(Address)1400 4260 y(Gate)p 1337 4285 208 4 v 1336 4284 -4 167 v 1543 4284 V 1337 4119 208 4 v 1423 4408 4 125 v 1399 -4410 25 4 v 1399 4429 a Fl(H)p 1456 4408 4 125 v 1458 4410 -25 4 v(\010)p 964 4464 789 4 v 962 4487 4 25 v 943 4487 a(A)p -964 4431 789 4 v 962 4429 4 25 v 943 4446 a(\001)p 1751 4487 -V 1752 4487 a(\001)p 1751 4429 V 1752 4446 a(A)1126 4414 y -Fu(Backplane)15 b(Bus)p 1049 4097 4 92 v 1026 4007 25 4 v 1026 -4098 V 1026 4005 a Fl(\010)1026 4118 y(H)p 1082 4097 4 92 v -1084 4007 25 4 v 1084 4098 V 1067 4005 a(H)1067 4118 y(\010)979 -4170 y Fu(Backplane)1025 4219 y(Data)1019 4260 y(Latch)p 964 -4285 208 4 v 962 4284 4 167 v 1170 4284 V 964 4119 208 4 v -1049 4408 4 104 v 1026 4306 25 4 v 1026 4410 V 1026 4304 a -Fl(\010)1026 4429 y(H)p 1082 4408 4 104 v 1084 4306 25 4 v -1084 4410 V 1067 4304 a(H)1067 4429 y(\010)1620 4175 y Fu(Device)1622 -4216 y(Status)1667 4255 y(0)p 1607 4285 142 4 v 1605 4284 4 -167 v 1747 4284 V 1607 4119 142 4 v 1659 4408 4 125 v 1636 -4410 25 4 v 1636 4429 a Fl(H)p 1693 4408 4 125 v 1694 4410 -25 4 v(\010)p 1769 4219 279 4 v 1767 4242 4 25 v 1748 4242 -a(A)p 1769 4186 279 4 v 1767 4184 4 25 v 1748 4201 a(\001)1780 -4411 y Fu(Interrupt)1786 4460 y(Register)1789 4509 y(&)g(FIF)o(O)p -1773 4530 167 4 v 1771 4529 4 167 v 1937 4529 V 1773 4364 167 -4 v 1960 4464 88 4 v 1958 4487 4 25 v 1939 4487 a Fl(A)p 1960 -4431 88 4 v 1958 4429 4 25 v 1939 4446 a(\001)p 1838 4636 4 -108 v 1815 4638 25 4 v 1815 4657 a(H)p 1871 4636 4 108 v 1873 -4638 25 4 v -1 w(\010)724 4419 y Fu(Cache)728 4460 y(Mo)q(de)713 -4501 y(Control)p 694 4530 167 4 v 692 4529 4 167 v 858 4529 -V 694 4364 167 4 v 759 4636 4 88 v 735 4551 25 4 v 735 4638 -V 735 4549 a Fl(\010)735 4657 y(H)p 792 4636 4 88 v 793 4551 -25 4 v 793 4638 V -108 x(H)777 4657 y(\010)504 4194 y Fu(DPM)e(Read)502 -4236 y(Data)h(Latch)p 445 4285 312 4 v 443 4284 4 167 v 754 -4284 V 445 4119 312 4 v 328 4219 96 4 v 327 4242 4 25 v 308 -4242 a Fl(A)p 328 4186 96 4 v 327 4184 4 25 v 308 4201 a(\001)p -422 4242 V 424 4242 a(\001)p 422 4184 V 424 4201 a(A)p 468 -4118 4 1744 v 445 2376 25 4 v -1827 x(\010)p 501 4118 4 1744 -v 503 2376 25 4 v -1 w(H)150 2291 y -currentpoint grestore moveto - 150 2291 a -grestore - eop -%%Page: 8 44 -8 43 bop 0 50 a FB(8)1152 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)0 -195 y FB(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)14 b(arithmetic)h(are)h(handled)f(in)h(the)g -(Floating/Long)e(ALU.)h(The)h(shift)g(matrix)e(is)h(emplo)o(y)o(ed)f(in)0 -245 y(shift)e(and)h(rotate)f(instructions)i(and)e(in)g(op)q(erations)h(that)f -(imply)e(shifting,)i(suc)o(h)h(as)f(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(arithmetic)0 -295 y(and)16 b(the)i(b)o(yte)f(and)f(string)h(op)q(erations.)26 -b(Com)o(binations)14 b(of)i(these)i(registers)g(pla)o(y)e(a)g(role)h(in)f -(all)g(arithmetic,)0 345 y(logical,)g(and)h(data)f(handling)g(op)q(erations)i -(and)f(in)f(program)g(con)o(trol)h(op)q(erations.)28 b(Although)16 -b(almost)g(all)g(of)0 394 y(the)h(op)q(erations)f(necessary)i(for)e(the)h -(execution)g(of)e(a)h(program)e(are)j(p)q(erformed)f(in)f(the)i(ALU,)f(the)h -(details)f(of)0 444 y(its)g(op)q(eration)g(are)h(not)f(imp)q(ortan)o(t)f(to)h -(the)h(programmer)d(b)q(ecause)k(the)f(ALU)f(do)q(es)h(not)f(retain)h -(information)0 494 y(from)c(one)j(instruction)f(to)g(the)g(next.)23 -b(Computations)13 b(either)j(a\013ect)g(con)o(trol)e(elemen)o(ts)h(suc)o(h)h -(as)f(PC)g(and)g(the)0 544 y(program)g(\015ags,)i(or)f(pro)q(duce)i(results)g -(that)e(are)h(stored)h(and)e(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(retriev)o(ed)h(if)e(they)h -(are)g(to)f(b)q(e)h(used)h(as)0 594 y(op)q(erands)d(in)e(other)i -(instructions.)k(The)14 b(program)e(\015ags)i(rep)q(ort)h(conditions)f(of)f -(in)o(terest)i(to)f(the)h(programmer,)0 643 y(suc)o(h)g(as)f(arithmetic)e -(and)i(stac)o(k)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w,)f(whic)o(h)h(can)g(cause)h(program)e -(traps.)0 729 y(Although)i(all)f(computations)g(on)i(b)q(oth)f(op)q(erands)i -(and)e(addresses)j(are)e(p)q(erformed)f(in)g(the)h(arithmetic)e(logic,)0 -779 y(the)g(computer)f(actually)f(has)h(sixteen)i(accum)o(ulators,)c -(\014fteen)j(of)f(whic)o(h)g(can)h(double)f(as)g(index)g(registers.)20 -b(The)0 829 y(\014rst)d(sixteen)g(memory)d(addresses)k(corresp)q(ond)g(to)e -(the)h(accum)o(ulators)e(instead)i(of)e(lo)q(cations)h(in)g(the)h(storage)0 -878 y(mo)q(dules.)22 b(The)17 b(factor)e(that)h(determines)g(whether)h(one)f -(of)f(the)i(\014rst)f(sixteen)h(lo)q(cations)e(in)g(memory)e(is)j(used)0 -928 y(as)d(an)g(accum)o(ulator)e(or)i(as)g(an)f(index)h(register)h(is)f(not)g -(the)g(information)d(it)j(con)o(tains)f(nor)h(ho)o(w)g(its)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h -(are)0 978 y(used,)h(but)g(rather)h(ho)o(w)f(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(is)h -(addressed.)22 b(The)15 b(accum)o(ulators)f(can)h(b)q(e)h(addressed)g(in)f -(three)h(w)o(a)o(ys.)0 1028 y(First,)c(an)o(y)g(instruction)h(can)f(access)i -(an)e(accum)o(ulator)f(b)o(y)h(sp)q(ecifying)g(one)h(of)e(the)i(\014rst)g -(sixteen)g(addresses,)h(i.e.,)0 1078 y(addresses)k(0)e(through)g(17.)24 -b(Second,)17 b(most)e(instructions)i(\(including)e(all)g(that)h(com)o(bine)f -(t)o(w)o(o)h(op)q(erands\))h(can)0 1127 y(access)c(an)d(accum)o(ulator)g(as)g -(one)h(of)g(the)g(op)q(erands)h(b)o(y)e(putting)h(the)g(accum)o(ulator)f(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)g(in)g(the)h(accum)o(ulator)0 1177 y(\014eld)18 -b(of)f(the)i(instruction.)31 b(Third,)18 b(\014fteen)h(of)e(the)i(accum)o -(ulators)e(can)h(b)q(e)g(accessed)j(as)d(index)g(registers)h(b)o(y)0 -1227 y(sp)q(ecifying)14 b(a)g(non{zero)h(accum)o(ulator)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(in)h(the)h(index{register)g(address)h(\014eld)e(of)g(an)g(instruction.)20 -b(\(A)0 1277 y(zero)e(in)f(the)g(index{register)h(address)h(\014eld)e(sp)q -(eci\014es)i(no)e(indexing,)f(hence,)j(accum)o(ulator)d(zero)i(can)f(not)g(b) -q(e)0 1327 y(used)e(as)f(an)f(index)h(register.\))0 1412 y(These)j(\014rst)g -(sixteen)f(lo)q(cations)g(are)g(not)g(actually)f(in)g(the)h(storage)h(mo)q -(dules|they)d(are)j(in)e(MemA,)g(the)h(fast)0 1462 y(memory)8 -b(con)o(tained)j(in)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor.)19 b(This)11 b(allo)o(ws)e(m)o(uc)o -(h)g(quic)o(k)o(er)i(access)i(to)d(these)i(lo)q(cations,)e(whether)i(they)0 -1512 y(are)17 b(addressed)i(as)e(accum)o(ulators,)g(index)f(registers,)j(or)e -(ordinary)g(memory)d(lo)q(cations.)27 b(They)17 b(can)h(ev)o(en)f(b)q(e)0 -1562 y(addressed)d(b)o(y)d(the)i(program)d(coun)o(ter)j(so)f(that)g(short)g -(instruction)h(sequences)h(can)e(b)q(e)h(run)f(in)f(them.)17 -b(Pro)o(vision)0 1612 y(is)c(made)e(for)h(referencing)i(these)g(lo)q(cations) -f(from)d(non{zero)k(sections.)k(Moreo)o(v)o(er,)13 b(there)h(are)f(actually)f -(eigh)o(t)h(of)0 1661 y(these)i(fast)f(memory)e(blo)q(c)o(ks)h(\(also)h -(referred)i(to)d(as)h(\\A)o(C)g(blo)q(c)o(ks"\),)f(but)h(generally)g(only)f -(one)h(is)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(to)h(a)0 1711 y(program)e(at)i(an)o(y)f(giv)o -(en)g(time.)17 b(The)c(Monitor)f(usually)g(reserv)o(es)j(blo)q(c)o(k)d(0)h -(for)f(itself)h(and)f(assigns)h(the)g(others)h(to)0 1761 y(user)h(programs.)0 -1847 y(As)h(men)o(tioned)f(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)h(the)g(accum)o(ulator)f(blo)q(c)o -(ks)g(o)q(ccup)o(y)i(a)e(p)q(ortion)h(of)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor's)g(priv)n(ate) -f(random{)0 1896 y(access)e(memory)c(called)i(MemA.)e(In)j(addition)e(to)h -(the)h(accum)o(ulators,)e(MemA)g(also)h(holds)f(v)n(arious)h(parameters)0 -1946 y(that)i(con)o(trol)g(the)g(pager,)g(the)g(timebase,)f(etc.)0 -2032 y(An)19 b(instruction)h(w)o(ord)f(has)g(one)g(18{bit)f(address)j -(\014eld)e(for)f(addressing)i(an)o(y)f(lo)q(cation)f(in)h(the)g(curren)o(t)i -(PC)0 2082 y(section.)g(Ev)o(ery)15 b(instruction)g(has)f(a)h(4{bit)e -(index{register)j(address)g(\014eld,)e(whic)o(h)g(can)h(address)h(\014fteen)f -(of)f(the)0 2131 y(accum)o(ulator)h(lo)q(cations)h(for)g(use)h(as)g(index)f -(registers)i(in)f(mo)q(difying)c(a)j(memory)e(address.)27 b(An)o(y)17 -b(instruction)0 2181 y(that)e(requires)h(a)e(second)i(op)q(erand)f(has)f(a)h -(4{bit)f(accum)o(ulator)f(address)j(\014eld)e(whic)o(h)h(can)g(address)h(one) -e(of)g(the)0 2231 y(sixteen)h(accum)o(ulators.)i(In)c(other)i(w)o(ords,)e(an) -o(y)g(accum)o(ulator)g(can)h(b)q(e)g(addressed)h(as)f(though)g(it)f(w)o(ere)i -(a)e(result)0 2281 y(held)g(o)o(v)o(er)f(in)g(the)i(pro)q(cessor)g(from)d -(some)g(previous)i(instruction.)18 b(\(The)13 b(programmer)e(usually)g(has)i -(a)f(c)o(hoice)i(of)0 2331 y(whether)h(the)g(result)f(of)f(the)i(instruction) -f(will)e(go)h(to)h(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(addressed)j(as)e(an)f(accum)o(ulator)g -(or)g(to)h(that)0 2380 y(addressed)i(b)o(y)d(the)i(18{bit)e(address)i -(\014eld,)e(or)h(to)g(b)q(oth.\))0 2466 y(Addresses,)21 b(whether)e(from)d -(the)i(PC)g(or)g(from)e(the)j(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(address)g(calculation)e(for)g -(an)h(instruction,)h(are)0 2516 y(held)13 b(in)f(the)i(DPM)f(Address)h(Latc)o -(h)f(as)g(they)h(are)f(presen)o(ted)i(to)e(the)g(pager.)18 -b(The)c(DPM)f(Address)h(Latc)o(h)f(holds)0 2566 y(either)g(a)g(30{bit)e -(virtual)h(address)i(or)f(a)f(34{bit)g(bac)o(kplane)g(bus)h(address.)19 -b(A)13 b(virtual)f(address)i(is)e(translated)h(b)o(y)0 2615 -y(the)g(pager)f(to)g(a)g(34{bit)f(bac)o(kplane)h(bus)h(address)h(that)e(is)g -(supplied)g(to)g(the)h(bac)o(kplane)f(bus)h(via)e(the)i(Bac)o(kplane)p -eop -%%Page: 9 45 -9 44 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.1.)31 b(TO)o(AD)373 46 y(-)385 50 y(1)13 -b(SYSTEM)i(OR)o(GANIZA)m(TION)989 b FB(9)150 195 y(Address)15 -b(Gate)e(and)g(the)h(bus)f(con)o(trol)g(logic.)k(The)d(bus)f(address)i(is)e -(comp)q(osed)f(of)h(the)h Fw(D)j FB(\(device\))d(bit,)f(a)g(4{bit)150 -245 y(ph)o(ysical)g(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(and)g(a)h(29{bit)f(in{mo)q -(dule)f(address.)150 330 y(The)g(cac)o(he)h(sp)q(eeds)h(up)e(a)o(v)o(erage)f -(memory)f(access)j(and)f(increases)h(the)g(e\016ciency)f(of)g(the)g(storage)g -(mo)q(dule.)k(This)150 380 y(facilit)o(y)11 b(has)i(131,072)d(lo)q(cations)i -(that)h(temp)q(orarily)e(substitute)j(for)e(a)g(selection)h(of)f(the)i -(most{frequen)o(tly)d(used)150 430 y(storage)16 b(lo)q(cations.)24 -b(Hence,)17 b(the)g(cac)o(he)g(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)i(regarded)h(in)e(some)g(resp)q -(ects)k(as)d(a)g(set)g(of)g(general)g(purp)q(ose)150 480 y(registers.)k(A)13 -b(program)g(lo)q(op,)f(once)i(read)h(from)d(storage)i(and)g(then)g(residen)o -(t)h(in)e(the)i(cac)o(he,)f(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(executed)150 530 -y(h)o(undreds)h(of)e(times)g(without)g(further)i(instruction)f(fetc)o(hes)h -(from)d(storage.)19 b(Data)13 b(pro)q(duced)i(b)o(y)e(the)i(program)150 -580 y(is)f(written)h(in)f(the)h(cac)o(he.)21 b(Th)o(us,)15 -b(if)e(the)i(program)e(sets)j(up)e(a)h(lo)q(cation)e(to)h(b)q(e)i(a)e(coun)o -(ter,)h(that)f(lo)q(cation)g(ma)o(y)150 629 y(b)q(e)i(read)g(and)f(written)h -(thousands)g(of)f(times)f(with)h(only)g(the)h(initial)d(storage)j(access.)24 -b(When)16 b(the)g(cac)o(he)g(do)q(es)150 679 y(not)f(con)o(tain)g(the)h(w)o -(ord)f(the)g(program)f(w)o(an)o(ts,)h(memory)d(con)o(trol)j(gets)h(a)f(line)g -(of)f(eigh)o(t)h(adjacen)o(t)g(w)o(ords)h(from)150 729 y(storage,)e -(including)e(the)i(requested)i(one,)d(and)h(places)g(them)e(in)i(the)g(cac)o -(he,)g(on)f(the)h(assumption)e(the)j(program)150 779 y(will)k(probably)g(w)o -(an)o(t)h(the)g(other)h(sev)o(en)g(and)f(can)g(th)o(us)h(get)f(them)g(more)f -(quic)o(kly)m(.)35 b(This)20 b(is)g(a)g(reasonable)150 829 -y(assumption,)e(since)h(the)g(program)d(generally)i(executes)j(from)16 -b(consecutiv)o(e)k(lo)q(cations)e(and)g(man)o(y)f(forms)g(of)150 -878 y(data)12 b(manipulation)e(are)j(sequen)o(tial)f(as)h(w)o(ell.)k(Cac)o -(he)c(con)o(trol)f(has)h(a)f(mec)o(hanism)e(for)i(determining)g(frequency)150 -928 y(of)g(use,)g(and)g(it)g(writes)h(the)g(least{recen)o(tly)g(used)g(line)f -(bac)o(k)g(in)o(to)g(storage)g(\(or)g(discards)h(it)f(if)g(unc)o(hanged\))g -(when)150 978 y(the)k(cac)o(he)g(space)g(is)f(needed)i(for)e(new)g -(references.)25 b(There)16 b(are)g(8,192)e(t)o(w)o(o{w)o(a)o(y)g(asso)q -(ciativ)o(e)h(8{w)o(ord)f(lines)h(in)150 1028 y(the)f(cac)o(he.)k(Ph)o -(ysical)13 b(address)h(bits)f(20{32)f(select)j(a)d(cac)o(he)i(line,)e(and)h -(bits)g(33{35)f(select)j(the)e(w)o(ord)g(within)f(the)150 1078 -y(line.)17 b(Only)11 b(t)o(w)o(o)g(lines)g(with)g(the)h(same)e(address)j(in)d -(bits)i(20{32)e(can)h(\014t)h(in)f(the)g(cac)o(he)i(at)e(a)g(time;)f(but,)i -(since)g(user)150 1127 y(programs)i(ha)o(v)o(e)g(no)h(con)o(trol)g(o)o(v)o -(er)g(the)g(ph)o(ysical)g(addresses)i(allo)q(cated)d(to)h(their)g(programs,)f -(there)i(is)f(nothing)150 1177 y(to)h(do)h(and)f(nothing)g(to)g(a)o(v)o(oid)f -(in)h(trying)g(to)h(impro)o(v)o(e)d(a)j(user)g(program's)e(utilization)g(of)h -(the)h(cac)o(he.)27 b(There)150 1227 y(ma)o(y)10 b(b)q(e)j(complete)f(pages)h -(in)f(the)h(cac)o(he,)g(but)f(it)g(is)h(more)e(lik)o(ely)g(to)h(ha)o(v)o(e)g -(a)h(selection)g(of)e(lines)i(from)d(a)i(selection)150 1277 -y(of)f(pages)i(dep)q(ending)f(on)g(frequency)h(of)f(use.)18 -b(Generally)11 b(the)i(cac)o(he)g(con)o(tains)f(w)o(ords)g(for)g(the)h -(curren)o(t)g(user)g(and)150 1327 y(for)g(the)h(Monitor,)e(as)h(w)o(ell)g(as) -g(for)g(handling)f(in)o(terrupts)i(for)f(man)o(y)e(users.)19 -b(The)14 b(reader)g(should)f(b)q(e)h(a)o(w)o(are)f(that)150 -1377 y(the)f(cac)o(he)g(con)o(tains)g(represen)o(tations)h(of)e(memory)d(w)o -(ord)k(lines,)f(not)g(necessarily)i(the)f(actual)f(storage)g(con)o(ten)o(ts.) -150 1426 y(F)m(or)j(example,)e(when)j(the)g(program)d(writes)j(a)f(w)o(ord,)g -(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(that)i(cac)o(he)g(lo)q(cation)e(then)i(di\013er) -g(from)150 1476 y(the)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(the)g(corresp)q(onding)h -(storage)f(lo)q(cation.)j(This)d(caution)f(is)h(of)f(in)o(terest,)i(ho)o(w)o -(ev)o(er,)f(only)f(to)g(the)150 1526 y(op)q(erating)h(system.)20 -b(A)15 b(t)o(ypical)e(program)g(simply)g(mak)o(es)g(memory)f(references;)17 -b(the)f(more)d(of)h(these)i(in)e(whic)o(h)150 1576 y(the)g(cac)o(he)h -(substitutes)h(in)o(visibly)c(for)i(storage,)f(the)i(b)q(etter.)150 -1661 y(Also)j(included)h(within)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(are)f(a)f(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)g(of)g(in)o(ternal)g(devices)h(that)g(are)f(similar)e(to)i(external)150 -1711 y(con)o(trollers)e(in)f(that)h(they)g(op)q(erate)g(async)o(hronously)g -(but)g(are)g(con)o(trolled)f(b)o(y)h(the)g(program.)21 b(Some)15 -b(of)g(these)150 1761 y(ha)o(v)o(e)j(already)g(b)q(een)i(men)o(tioned:)25 -b(the)19 b(program)e(sets)j(up)e(the)h(pager,)g(instructs)h(cac)o(he)f(con)o -(trol)f(to)g(up)q(date)150 1811 y(storage,)d(sets)i(up)e(the)h(memory)c -(system,)j(and)g(gets)h(diagnostic)f(information)d(from)h(the)j(memory)d(con) -o(trollers)150 1861 y(and)d(storage)h(mo)q(dules.)k(Other)d(suc)o(h)f -(\\devices")f(are)h(the)g(console)f(terminal,)f(the)i(in)o(terv)n(al)e -(timer,)g(the)i(timebase,)150 1910 y(the)i(error)g(logic,)e(and)h(the)h -(priorit)o(y)e(in)o(terrupt)i(system.)18 b(The)12 b(priorit)o(y)g(in)o -(terrupt)h(system)f(facilitates)f(pro)q(cessor)150 1960 y(con)o(trol)h(of)h -(the)g(en)o(tire)g(system)g(b)o(y)f(means)g(of)g(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g -(priorit)o(y{ordered)h(lev)o(els)g(through)g(whic)o(h)f(external)150 -2010 y(signals)f(ma)o(y)f(in)o(terrupt)i(the)h(normal)c(program)h(\015o)o(w.) -17 b(The)12 b(pro)q(cessor)i(ac)o(kno)o(wledges)e(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i -(request)g(b)o(y)150 2060 y(transferring)i(con)o(trol)g(\(b)o(y)f(means)g(of) -g Fu(XPCW)p FB(\))g(to)h(a)f(memory)e(lo)q(cation)i(selected)j(b)o(y)d(the)h -(bac)o(kplane)g(lo)q(cation)150 2110 y(\(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er\))g(of)g(the) -h(requesting)g(device.)27 b(Assignmen)o(t)15 b(of)h(lev)o(els)h(to)f(devices) -i(is)e(en)o(tirely)g(under)i(program)150 2159 y(con)o(trol.)j(Among)13 -b(the)i(devices)h(to)f(whic)o(h)g(the)g(program)e(can)i(assign)g(lev)o(els)g -(are)g(the)h(error)g(logic,)d(the)j(console)150 2209 y(p)q(ort,)e(and)f(the)i -(in)o(terv)n(al)e(coun)o(ter.)150 2361 y Fx(1.1.2)55 b(TO)n(AD)488 -2357 y(-)505 2361 y(1)18 b(System)f(Memory)150 2474 y FB(The)12 -b(TO)o(AD)359 2470 y(-)371 2474 y(1)g(System)f(main)f(memory)g(is)h -(organized)h(as)g(mo)q(dules)f(of)g(16{)h(or)g(32{mil)o(lio)o(n)d(\(2)1645 -2459 y Fi(25)1680 2474 y FB(\))j(36{bit)f(w)o(ords,)150 2523 -y(with)k(single{bit)g(error)i(detection.)25 b(More)16 b(than)f(one)h(mo)q -(dule)f(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(presen)o(t)h(in)e(a)h(system.)23 b(The)16 -b(ph)o(ysical)150 2573 y(constrain)o(t)11 b(on)g(memory)e(capacit)o(y)i(is)g -(complicated)f(to)h(state.)18 b(The)11 b(initial)e(TO)o(AD)1473 -2569 y(-)1485 2573 y(1)i(System)g(has)g(sev)o(en)h(device)150 -2623 y(slots,)f(with)g(a)g(mandatory)e(pro)q(cessor,)k(memory)m(,)8 -b(SCSI)j(subsystem,)h(and)f(net)o(w)o(ork)g(subsystem)g(o)q(ccup)o(ying)g -(four)p eop -%%Page: 10 46 -10 45 bop 0 50 a FB(10)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)0 -195 y FB(slots.)26 b(Up)16 b(to)h(three)g(memory)d(b)q(oards)j(could)f(b)q(e) -h(added)g(to)f(a)g(minim)n(um)c(system,)17 b(bringing)e(the)i(maxim)n(um)0 -245 y(memory)9 b(capacit)o(y)j(to)f(128)g(mega)o(w)o(ords,)f(but)i(that)g(ma) -o(y)e(not)i(b)q(e)g(a)f(w)o(ell{balanced)g(system.)17 b(The)12 -b(arc)o(hitectural)0 295 y(constrain)o(t)20 b(on)f(memory)e(capacit)o(y)j(is) -f(more)g(lib)q(eral,)h(allo)o(wing)d(for)i(larger)h(capacities)g(in)f(the)h -(future:)30 b(the)0 345 y(bac)o(kplane)20 b(bus)h(pro)o(vides)f(four)g -(address)h(bits)f(for)g(slot)g(selection)h(\(slots)g(1{15)e(are)h(allo)o(w)o -(able;)h(slot)f(0)g(has)0 394 y(sp)q(ecial)14 b(meaning\))e(and)i(a)g(29{bit) -e(in{mo)q(dule)g(address.)0 480 y(The)18 b(memory)d(is)j(organized)g(to)g -(read)g(and)f(write)i(single)e(w)o(ords)h(or)g(to)f(read)i(and)e(write)h(8{w) -o(ord)f(\\lines")h(of)0 530 y(memory)11 b(corresp)q(onding)k(to)f(the)g(cac)o -(he)h(structure)h(of)e(the)g(TO)o(AD)1084 526 y(-)1096 530 -y(1)f(System.)0 615 y(With)c(the)i(cac)o(he)g(enabled)f(for)g(a)g(giv)o(en)f -(page,)i(memory)c(access)12 b(is)e(handled)g(using)g(the)h(cac)o(he)g(wherev) -o(er)g(p)q(ossible;)0 665 y(when)h(storage)f(access)j(is)d(required,)h -(transfers)g(are)g(in)f(8{w)o(ord)g(lines.)17 b(F)m(or)11 b(a)f(read)i -(request,)h(the)f(pro)q(cessor)h(reads)0 715 y(from)h(the)j(cac)o(he)g(if)e -(the)i(w)o(ord)f(is)g(there;)i(otherwise,)f(it)f(initiates)f(a)h -(storage{to{cac)o(he)h(transfer,)g(whic)o(h)f(ma)o(y)0 765 -y(require)g(a)f(prior)g(cac)o(he{to{storage)h(transfer)g(to)f(mak)o(e)f(ro)q -(om)g(for)g(the)i(new)g(data.)21 b(F)m(or)15 b(a)g(write)h(request,)g(the)0 -815 y(pro)q(cessor)g(alw)o(a)o(ys)d(writes)i(in)e(the)i(cac)o(he,)f(and)g -(this)g(to)q(o)g(ma)o(y)e(require)j(a)f(cac)o(he{to{storage)h(transfer)g(to)e -(mak)o(e)0 864 y(ro)q(om.)j(When)c(a)g(write)g(op)q(eration)g(is)g(directed)h -(to)f(a)g(storage)g(lo)q(cation)f(not)h(already)g(represen)o(ted)i(in)e(the)g -(cac)o(he,)0 914 y(a)j(storage{to{cac)o(he)i(transfer)f(is)g(p)q(erformed)f -(to)g(initialize)f(the)i(cac)o(he)h(line)e(to)g(whic)o(h)h(the)g(write)g(is)f -(directed.)0 964 y(Other)i(than)f(the)h(cac)o(he{to{storage)g(transfers,)h -(the)e(pro)q(cessor)i(writes)f(in)f(storage)g(only)g(when)g(the)h(cac)o(he)g -(is)0 1014 y(not)d(b)q(eing)g(used)g(or)g(when)h(the)f(Monitor)g(sp)q -(eci\014cally)g(up)q(dates)h(storage)f(from)e(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f -(the)g(cac)o(he.)0 1099 y(A)j(cac)o(he{to{storage)h(transfer)h(o)q(ccurs)f -(when)g(the)g(Monitor)f(needs)h(to)g(b)q(e)g(sure)g(that)f(memory)e(is)i(v)n -(alidated)0 1149 y(\(i.e.,)12 b(up)q(dated)i(according)g(to)f(the)h -(written{in)f(p)q(ortions)h(of)f(the)h(cac)o(he\);)g(for)f(example,)f(just)h -(prior)h(to)f(a)g(device)0 1199 y(output)e(op)q(eration.)17 -b(Cac)o(he{to{storage)11 b(transfers)h(are)f(also)f(p)q(erformed)g(when)i(a)e -(cac)o(he)i(line)e(is)h(needed)h(and)e(the)0 1249 y(least{recen)o(tly)16 -b(used)f(line)f(is)h(\\mo)q(di\014ed")d(\(i.e.,)i(has)g(data)h(that)f(needs)i -(to)f(b)q(e)g(written\).)20 b(A)15 b(cac)o(he{to{storage)0 -1299 y(transfer)g(will)d(send)j(all)e(eigh)o(t)g(w)o(ords)h(in)g(the)g(line)g -(in)f(one)h(bus)h(transaction)f(of)f(\014v)o(e)h(bus)g(cycles.)0 -1384 y(A)j(storage{to{cac)o(he)g(transfer)h(o)q(ccurs)g(when)f(a)f(w)o(ord)h -(that)g(is)f(not)h(in)f(the)h(cac)o(he)h(is)e(read)h(or)g(written.)27 -b(The)0 1434 y(storage{to{cac)o(he)19 b(transfer)h(ma)o(y)c(initiate)h(a)h -(cac)o(he{to{storage)i(transfer)f(in)f(order)h(to)f(mak)o(e)f(a)h(cac)o(he)h -(line)0 1484 y(a)o(v)n(ailable,)13 b(as)j(describ)q(ed)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)23 -b(When)15 b(space)i(in)e(the)h(cac)o(he)g(is)g(a)o(v)n(ailable,)d(the)j(cac)o -(he)h(con)o(trol)e(will)f(ask)h(the)0 1534 y(memory)d(to)h(\014ll)g(the)i -(line;)e(the)i(request)g(will)e(also)g(sp)q(ecify)i(whic)o(h)f(pair)f(of)h(w) -o(ords)g(to)g(send)h(\014rst.)k(The)14 b(memory)0 1583 y(will)g(resp)q(ond)j -(with)f(the)g(designated)g(pair)g(of)f(w)o(ords.)24 b(In)16 -b(the)g(case)h(of)e(a)g(read,)i(one)f(of)f(these)i(is)e(the)i(data)e(for)0 -1633 y(whic)o(h)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(w)o(as)e(w)o(aiting,)e(so)i(the)h(pro) -q(cessor)h(con)o(tin)o(ues.)24 b(In)16 b(the)h(case)f(of)g(a)f(write,)i(the)f -(pro)q(cessor)0 1683 y(w)o(as)f(not)g(w)o(aiting,)f(and)h(a)g(w)o(ord)g(is)g -(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(to)i(replace)h(one)f(of)g(the)g(w)o(ords)h(read)f(from)f -(memory;)f(when)i(the)0 1733 y(\014rst)e(pair)e(of)g(w)o(ords)h(is)f(read,)i -(one)f(will)e(go)h(to)h(the)g(cac)o(he,)h(the)f(other)g(is)g(discarded)h(and) -e(the)h(newly)g(written)g(data)0 1783 y(is)k(put)g(in)f(the)h(cac)o(he)h -(instead.)24 b(Then,)16 b(in)g(sequence,)i(in)d(the)h(next)h(three)g(bus)f -(cycles,)h(the)f(memory)e(supplies)0 1832 y(data)g(to)f(\014ll)g(in)h(the)g -(other)h(six)e(w)o(ords)h(of)g(the)g(line.)0 1918 y(Memory)g(is)i(addressed)h -(on)e(the)h(bac)o(kplane)f(bus)h(b)o(y)f(means)f(of)h(a)g(ph)o(ysical)g(slot) -g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(and)g(an)g(in{mo)q(dule)0 1968 y(address.)38 -b(The)21 b(pager)g(\()p Fz(x)p FB(3.7\))f(translates)h(virtual)e(addresses)k -(to)d(bus)g(addresses)j(for)d(memory)e(references.)0 2018 y(The)13 -b(TO)o(AD)210 2014 y(-)222 2018 y(1)g(System)f(hardw)o(are)i(in)o(terprets)g -(virtual)e(addresses)j(0{17)d(as)h(accum)o(ulators)f(\(in)h(the)g(curren)o -(tly{)0 2067 y(selected)j(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o(k\))f(in)h(MemA;)e(these)k -(addresses)g(are)e(not)g(in)o(terpreted)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(pager.)0 -2153 y(Although)k(bac)o(kplane)g(ph)o(ysical)g(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(0)g -(do)q(es)i(not)e(exist,)h(the)g(XKL)1287 2149 y(-)1300 2153 -y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)i(mak)o(es)e(its)g(b)q(o)q(ot)0 2203 y(program)13 -b(and)h(a)g(collection)g(of)g(diagnostic)f(soft)o(w)o(are)i(in)f(read{only)f -(memory)f(\(the)j(b)q(o)q(ot)g(R)o(OM\))f(addressable)0 2253 -y(via)g(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(0;)g(th)o(us,)g(in)g(a)h(m)o(ultipro)q -(cessor)f(system,)g(eac)o(h)h(pro)q(cessor)h(accesses)h(its)e(unique)f(b)q(o) -q(ot)h(R)o(OM.)0 2302 y(Pro)q(cessor)f(micro)q(co)q(de)d(also)g(mak)o(es)f -(use)j(of)e(the)h(fast,)f(on{b)q(oard,)h(random{access)f(memory)e(kno)o(wn)j -(as)f(MemA.)0 2352 y(MemA)e(cannot)h(b)q(e)g(accessed)i(b)o(y)e(regular)f -(instructions,)i(but)f(t)o(w)o(o)f(privileged)h(instructions)g(pro)o(vide)g -(system)f(and)0 2402 y(diagnostic)k(access)i(to)e(MemA.)f(P)o(articular)h(lo) -q(cations)g(within)f(MemA)h(that)g(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(of)e(in)o(terest)j(to)e -(op)q(erating)0 2452 y(system)j(programmers)e(are)j(discussed)h(in)e -Fz(x)p FB(3.6.1.)24 b(All)15 b(other)i(hardw)o(are{de\014ned)h(addresses)g -(are)f(relativ)o(e)f(to)0 2502 y(pages,)i(suc)o(h)f(as)g(the)h(pro)q(cess)g -(tables,)g(whose)f(ph)o(ysical)g(lo)q(cation)f(are)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)d -(the)i(Monitor.)26 b(Ph)o(ysical)0 2552 y(memory)16 b(in)j(a)f(system)h(is)g -(a)f(constan)o(t,)j(unless)e(a)g(storage)g(mo)q(dule)f(is)g(actually)g(added) -i(or)e(remo)o(v)o(ed.)33 b(The)0 2601 y(virtual)15 b(address)i(space)g -(accessible)g(to)f(a)f(particular)h(program)e(is)h(en)o(tirely)h(a)g -(function)f(of)g(the)i(w)o(a)o(y)e(in)g(whic)o(h)p eop -%%Page: 11 47 -11 46 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.2.)31 b(KL10{BASED)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OR)o(GANIZA)m(TION) -863 b FB(11)150 195 y(the)19 b(Monitor)g(sets)h(up)f(user)h(op)q(erating)e -(conditions,)i(except)g(that)f(an)o(y)f(space)i(and)f(an)o(y)f(restrictions)i -(m)o(ust)150 245 y(encompass)14 b(an)f(in)o(tegral)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g -(pages.)150 418 y Fs(1.2)70 b(KL10{based)24 b(System)c(Organization)150 -545 y FB(The)15 b(illustrations)f(that)g(follo)o(w)f(sho)o(w)i(the)g -(organization)f(of)g(the)h(t)o(w)o(o)f(t)o(yp)q(es)i(of)e(computer)g(systems) -h(based)g(on)150 594 y(the)g(KL10)g(cen)o(tral)g(pro)q(cessor)h(and)f(the)g -(in)o(ternal)g(organization)e(of)h(that)h(pro)q(cessor.)22 -b(A)15 b(KL10{based)g(system)150 644 y(is)h(e\013ectiv)o(ely)g(a)g(group)f -(of)h(pro)q(cessors)i(organized)d(around)h(an)g(E)g(or)f(execution)i(bus.)24 -b(The)16 b(other)h(pro)q(cessors)150 694 y(\(con)o(trollers,)g(in)o -(terfaces\))h(generally)e(act)h(at)f(the)i(direction)e(of)g(the)h(cen)o(tral) -g(pro)q(cessor)i(but)e(carry)g(out)f(those)150 744 y(actions)e(indep)q(enden) -o(tly)h(of)e(it.)150 829 y(On)18 b(the)h(E)f(bus)g(of)g(a)f(DECSYSTEM{20,)h -(there)i(ma)o(y)c(b)q(e)i(up)g(to)g(four)g(DTE20)f(in)o(terfaces,)i(eac)o(h)g -(of)e(whic)o(h)150 879 y(connects)e(to)e(a)g(PDP{11)g(fron)o(t{end)g(pro)q -(cessor,)i(and)e(up)h(to)f(eigh)o(t)g(RH20)g(Massbus)h(con)o(trollers)g -(\(Figure)f(1.3\).)150 929 y(An)g(RH20)f(handles)h(disks)g(or)g(tap)q(es)h -(via)e(a)h(Massbus;)g(although)f(fundamen)o(tally)f(under)i(con)o(trol)g(of)f -(the)i(KL10,)150 979 y(the)g(RH20)f(op)q(erates)i(from)d(its)i(o)o(wn)f -(command)e(list)j(in)f(memory)e(and)j(uses)h(a)e(separate)i(C)f(or)f(c)o -(hannel)h(bus)g(for)150 1029 y(data)d(transfers)h(to)f(and)g(from)f(in)o -(ternal)g(memory)f(via)h(the)i(M)f(b)q(o)o(x,)g(b)o(ypassing)g(the)g(E)h(b)q -(o)o(x.)k(All)11 b(DECSYSTEM{)150 1078 y(20)16 b(memory)e(is)j(in)o(ternal:) -23 b(the)17 b(memory)d(con)o(trollers)j(with)f(their)i(storage)f(mo)q(dules)e -(are)i(connected)i(directly)150 1128 y(to)g(the)h(S)f(or)g(storage)g(bus,)i -(and)e(access)i(to)e(them)f(is)h(p)q(ossible)g(only)g(through)g(the)h(M)f(b)q -(o)o(x.)1684 1113 y Fi(1)1736 1128 y FB(Unit)g(record)150 1178 -y(equipmen)o(t,)c(suc)o(h)h(as)g(line)f(prin)o(ters)i(and)e(card)h(readers,)h -(and)f(comm)o(unicatio)o(n)d(subsystems)k(are)f(handled)f(b)o(y)150 -1228 y(PDP{11)i(fron)o(t{end)h(pro)q(cessors.)32 b(The)18 b(data)f(path)h(to) -f(memory)f(for)h(these)i(is)f(via)f(the)h(E)g(bus,)g(but)g(it)g(uses)150 -1278 y(automatic)f(features)j(of)e(the)h(priorit)o(y)g(in)o(terrupt,)h(th)o -(us)f(in)o(terfering)g(minim)o(al)o(ly)d(with)i(the)i(KL10)e(program.)150 -1328 y(Among)d(the)i(fron)o(t{end)f(pro)q(cessors,)j(one)e(is)f(master:)23 -b(it)16 b(acts)i(as)e(the)h(system)g(console)g(and)f(b)q(o)q(otstraps)h(the) -150 1377 y(system)c(b)o(y)g(loading)e(the)i(KL10)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(from)e -(disk;)i(it)f(is)h(also)f(the)i(system)f(diagnostic)f(facilit)o(y)f(\(for)i -(whic)o(h)150 1427 y(it)h(has)g(a)f(direct)i(connection)f(to)g(one)g(of)g -(the)g(disks)g(on)g(the)g(RH20\).)150 1513 y(Figure)h(1.4)f(sho)o(ws)h(a)g(t) -o(ypical)f(DECsystem{10)g(based)h(on)g(a)g(KL10.)20 b(In)15 -b(terms)g(of)f(memory)f(and)i(p)q(eripherals,)150 1563 y(suc)o(h)h(a)g -(system)f(is)g(m)o(uc)o(h)g(lik)o(e)g(a)g(KI10{based)h(DECsystem{10,)e(but)i -(it)f(has)h(the)g(faster)g(and)g(more)e(p)q(o)o(w)o(erful)150 -1612 y(cen)o(tral)k(pro)q(cessor.)30 b(Here)19 b(external)f(memory)d(is)i(on) -g(a)g(KI10)h(memory)d(bus)i(in)o(terfaced)h(to)g(the)g(S)f(bus)h(b)o(y)f(a) -150 1662 y(DMA20,)11 b(and)h(the)h(p)q(eripherals)g(are)f(on)g(a)g(KI10)g -(in{out)f(bus)i(in)o(terfaced)f(to)g(the)h(E)f(bus)h(b)o(y)e(a)h(DIA20.)17 -b(Massbus)150 1712 y(devices)h(are)f(handled)g(b)o(y)f(an)g(RH10,)g(whic)o(h) -h(main)o(tains)d(a)j(direct)g(path)g(to)f(external)i(memory)c(b)o(y)i(w)o(a)o -(y)g(of)g(a)150 1762 y(data)e(c)o(hannel.)20 b(Suc)o(h)15 b(a)g(system)f -(generally)g(has)h(only)f(one)g(fron)o(t{end)h(pro)q(cessor,)h(whic)o(h)f -(acts)g(as)f(the)i(console)150 1812 y(and)i(diagnostic)f(facilit)o(y)f(and)h -(b)q(o)q(otstraps)i(the)f(micro)q(co)q(de)f(from)f(disk)i(or)f(DECtap)q(e.)30 -b(One)18 b(v)o(ersion)g(of)f(the)150 1861 y(DECsystem{10)h(is)h(more)f(of)h -(a)f(h)o(ybrid)h(10{20:)27 b(a)19 b(mac)o(hine)f(in)g(the)i(1090)e(series)j -(has)e(KI10)g(memory)d(and)150 1911 y(in{out)d(buses)i(but)f(uses)h(the)f -(RH20)f(Massbus)i(con)o(troller,)e(whic)o(h)h(is)f(lo)q(cated)h(on)g(the)g(E) -g(bus)g(and)g(main)o(tains)d(a)150 1961 y(path)j(to)g(external)g(memory)d(b)o -(y)j(w)o(a)o(y)f(of)g(the)i(C)f(bus)g(through)g(the)h(M)e(b)q(o)o(x.)150 -2047 y(There)j(are)f(also)e(t)o(w)o(o)i(v)o(ersions)g(of)e(the)j(op)q -(erating)e(system)g(for)g(use)i(with)e(the)h(KL10:)k(the)c(TOPS{20)f(Monitor) -150 2096 y(and)i(the)h(TOPS{10)f(Monitor.)25 b(The)17 b(Extended)g(KL10)f -(with)g(b)q(oth)h(user)g(and)f(executiv)o(e)i(space)f(extended)h(is)150 -2146 y(a)o(v)n(ailable)12 b(only)i(in)h(TOPS{20)f(systems.)21 -b(In)14 b(a)h(TOPS{10)f(system,)g(an)h(Extended)h(KL10)e(can)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f -(extended)150 2196 y(addressing)k(only)e(in)g(executiv)o(e)i(space,)h(and)d -(for)h(this)g(it)f(m)o(ust)g(run)i(micro)q(co)q(de)e(v)o(ersion)h(271)f(or)h -(greater)h(\(in)150 2246 y(whic)o(h)13 b(case,)h(the)h(TOPS{10)e(Monitor)g -(actually)f(uses)j(so{called)e(\\TOPS{20)g(paging"\).)k(In)c(other)h(w)o -(ords)g(and)150 2296 y(Extended)j(KL10,)d(regardless)j(of)e(Monitor,)f(has)i -(TOPS{20)f(paging;)f(in)h(a)g(single{section)g(KL10)g(the)h(paging)150 -2345 y(alw)o(a)o(ys)d(matc)o(hes)g(the)i(Monitor.)150 2497 -y Fx(1.2.1)55 b(The)19 b(KL10)f(Pro)r(cessor)p 150 2551 720 -2 v 196 2578 a Fh(1)214 2589 y Fg(MOS)10 b(and)f(core)f(memory)g(cannot)f(b)q -(e)j(mixed)e(on)h(the)g(same)f(bus.)14 b(If)c(the)f(system)f(includes)f(b)q -(oth,)i(there)f(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)g(t)o(w)o(o)h(S)f(buses.)p -eop -%%Page: 12 48 -12 47 bop 0 50 a FB(12)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)378 -571 y Fx(Figure)18 b(1.3:)24 b(KL10{based)18 b(DECSYSTEM{20)-83 -2278 y Fn(HRMF-KL10SYS20)o(.TEX)p -22 2204 4 125 v -21 2206 -299 4 v 276 2204 4 125 v -21 2081 299 4 v 62 2136 a Fu(Console)53 -2177 y(T)m(erminal)p -17 2210 V 281 2208 4 125 v 127 2079 4 -167 v 129 1955 a Fl(6)129 2079 y(?)p 351 2204 4 125 v 353 2206 -299 4 v 650 2204 4 125 v 353 2081 299 4 v 445 2131 a Fu(Flopp)o(y)464 -2181 y(Disk)p 357 2210 V 654 2208 4 125 v 501 2079 4 167 v -502 1955 a Fl(6)502 2079 y(?)p 725 2204 4 125 v 726 2206 299 -4 v 1024 2204 4 125 v 726 2081 299 4 v 840 2136 a Fu(Line)816 -2177 y(Printer)p 731 2210 V 1028 2208 4 125 v 874 2079 4 167 -v 876 1955 a Fl(6)876 2079 y(?)p 1098 2204 4 125 v 1100 2206 -299 4 v 1397 2204 4 125 v 1100 2081 299 4 v 1209 2136 a Fu(Ca)o(rd)1190 -2177 y(Reader)p 1104 2210 V 1401 2208 4 125 v 1248 2079 4 167 -v 1249 1955 a Fl(6)1249 2079 y(?)p 1472 2204 4 125 v 1474 2206 -299 4 v 1771 2204 4 125 v 1474 2081 299 4 v 1479 2131 a Fu(Communications) -1531 2173 y(Subsystem)p 1478 2210 V 1775 2208 4 125 v 1621 -2079 4 167 v 1623 1955 a Fl(6)1623 2079 y(?)p 164 1768 4 125 -v 166 1770 299 4 v 463 1768 4 125 v 166 1645 299 4 v 246 1700 -a Fu(PDP)13 b(11)233 1741 y(Pro)q(cesso)o(r)p 170 1774 V 467 -1772 4 125 v 314 1913 4 146 v 315 1913 a Fl(?)315 1810 y(6)p -538 1768 4 125 v 540 1770 299 4 v 837 1768 4 125 v 540 1645 -299 4 v 620 1696 a Fu(PDP)g(11)619 1737 y(Memo)o(ry)p 544 1774 -V 841 1772 4 125 v 687 1913 4 146 v 689 1913 a Fl(?)689 1810 -y(6)p 912 1768 4 125 v 913 1770 299 4 v 1210 1768 4 125 v 913 -1645 299 4 v 1000 1700 a Fu(DTE20)988 1741 y(Interface)p 917 -1774 V 1215 1772 4 125 v 1061 1913 4 146 v 1063 1913 a Fl(?)1063 -1810 y(6)p 1061 1644 4 196 v 1063 1490 a(6)1063 1644 y(?)p -1285 1768 4 125 v 1287 1770 299 4 v 1584 1768 4 125 v 1287 -1645 299 4 v 1307 1700 a Fu(RH11)h(Massbus)1351 1741 y(Controller)p -1291 1774 V 1588 1772 4 125 v 1435 1913 4 146 v 1436 1913 a -Fl(?)1436 1810 y(6)p 430 1374 4 125 v 432 1375 299 4 v 729 -1374 4 125 v 432 1251 299 4 v 452 1305 a Fu(RH20)f(Massbus)496 -1347 y(Controller)p 436 1380 V 733 1378 4 125 v 579 1449 4 -75 v 581 1449 a Fl(?)581 1415 y(6)p 579 1249 4 191 v 581 1100 -a(6)581 1249 y(?)p 438 834 4 150 v 440 836 582 4 v 1020 834 -4 150 v 440 686 582 4 v 465 726 a Fu(MA20,)g(MB20,)g(MF20)h(o)o(r)f(MG20)572 -772 y(Internal)i(Controller)547 814 y(and)g(Sto)o(rage)f(Mo)q(dules)p -444 840 V 1024 838 4 150 v 1078 834 V 1079 836 582 4 v 1659 -834 4 150 v 1079 686 582 4 v 1105 726 a(MA20,)f(MB20,)g(MF20)g(o)o(r)g(MG20) -1211 772 y(Internal)i(Controller)1186 814 y(and)g(Sto)o(rage)f(Mo)q(dules)p -1083 840 V 1663 838 4 150 v -85 1532 4 333 v -83 1533 266 4 -v 181 1532 4 333 v -83 1367 266 4 v -83 1201 V -79 1537 V 185 -1536 4 333 v -3 1463 a(E)g(Bo)o(x)-8 1297 y(M)g(Bo)o(x)3 1581 -y(KL10)-33 1622 y(Pro)q(cesso)o(r)p 187 1450 893 4 v 1100 1450 -21 4 v 1142 1450 V 1183 1450 V 208 1417 a(E)f(Bus)p 187 1284 -125 4 v 310 1282 4 225 v 311 1060 1246 4 v 1577 1060 21 4 v -1619 1060 V 1660 1060 V 332 1027 a(C)g(Bus)p 48 1199 4 262 -v 50 940 1383 4 v 1453 940 21 4 v 1494 940 V 1536 940 V 71 -907 a(S)g(Bus)p 729 938 4 104 v 731 938 a Fl(?)731 876 y(6)p -1368 938 V 1370 938 a(?)1370 876 y(6)p 129 1915 1512 4 v 1660 -1915 21 4 v 1702 1915 V 1743 1915 V 129 1890 a Fu(UNIBUS)p -731 1313 910 4 v 1660 1313 21 4 v 1702 1313 V 1743 1313 V 768 -1280 a(Massbus)1103 1218 y Fk(\032\031)1103 1101 y(\033\030)1124 -1177 y Fu(Disk)p 1161 1312 4 98 v 1162 1312 a Fl(?)1162 1255 -y(6)1377 1525 y Fk(\032\031)1377 1409 y(\033\030)1398 1484 -y Fu(Disk)p 1435 1409 V 1436 1353 a Fl(6)1436 1409 y(?)p 1435 -1644 4 119 v 1436 1567 a(6)1436 1644 y(?)p eop -%%Page: 13 49 -13 48 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.2.)31 b(KL10{BASED)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OR)o(GANIZA)m(TION) -863 b FB(13)561 322 y Fx(Figure)18 b(1.4:)24 b(KL10{based)18 -b(DECsystem{10)150 2527 y Fn(HRMF-KL10SYS10)o(.TEX)p 879 2495 -4 125 v 881 2496 299 4 v 1178 2495 4 125 v 881 2372 299 4 v -963 2426 a Fu(Console)954 2467 y(T)m(erminal)p 885 2500 V 1182 -2499 4 125 v 1028 2370 4 167 v 1030 2246 a Fl(6)1030 2370 y(?)p -1232 2495 4 125 v 1233 2496 299 4 v 1531 2495 4 125 v 1233 -2372 299 4 v 1304 2443 a Fu(DECtap)q(e)p 1238 2500 V 1535 2499 -4 125 v 1381 2370 4 167 v 1383 2246 a Fl(6)1383 2370 y(?)p -597 2030 4 125 v 598 2031 299 4 v 896 2030 4 125 v 598 1907 -299 4 v 685 1961 a Fu(DTE20)673 2002 y(Interface)p 602 2035 -V 900 2034 4 125 v 746 2204 4 175 v 748 2204 a Fl(?)748 2071 -y(6)p 746 1905 4 167 v 748 1781 a(6)748 1905 y(?)p 748 2206 -822 4 v 769 2173 a Fu(UNIBUS)p 1028 2030 4 125 v 1030 2031 -299 4 v 1327 2030 4 125 v 1030 1907 299 4 v 1110 1961 a(PDP)13 -b(11)1097 2002 y(Pro)q(cesso)o(r)p 1034 2035 V 1331 2034 4 -125 v 1178 2204 4 175 v 1179 2204 a Fl(?)1179 2071 y(6)p 1419 -2030 4 125 v 1420 2031 299 4 v 1717 2030 4 125 v 1420 1907 -299 4 v 1500 1957 a Fu(PDP)g(11)1499 1998 y(Memo)o(ry)p 1424 -2035 V 1722 2034 4 125 v 1568 2204 4 175 v 1570 2204 a Fl(?)1570 -2071 y(6)p 148 1822 4 333 v 150 1824 266 4 v 414 1822 4 333 -v 150 1658 266 4 v 150 1492 V 154 1828 V 418 1826 4 333 v 230 -1754 a Fu(E)h(Bo)o(x)225 1587 y(M)g(Bo)o(x)236 1872 y(KL10)200 -1913 y(Pro)q(cesso)o(r)p 420 1741 416 4 v 441 1708 a(E)f(Bus)p -856 1741 21 4 v 897 1741 V 939 1741 V 485 1615 4 150 v 486 -1616 299 4 v 783 1615 4 150 v 486 1467 299 4 v 580 1513 a(DIA20)536 -1554 y(In{Out)g(Bus)550 1596 y(Controller)p 490 1620 V 788 -1619 4 150 v 634 1739 4 125 v 636 1739 a Fl(?)636 1656 y(6)p -634 1465 V 636 1382 a(6)636 1465 y(?)p 858 1615 V 860 1616 -299 4 v 1157 1615 4 125 v 860 1492 299 4 v 973 1546 a Fu(Line)949 -1587 y(Printer)p 864 1620 V 1161 1619 4 125 v 1008 1490 4 150 -v 1009 1382 a Fl(6)1009 1490 y(?)p 1045 1166 V 1047 1168 299 -4 v 1344 1166 4 150 v 1047 1018 299 4 v 1147 1065 a Fu(RH10)1123 -1106 y(Massbus)1111 1147 y(Controller)p 1051 1172 V 1348 1170 -4 150 v 1194 1341 4 175 v 1196 1341 a Fl(?)1196 1208 y(6)p -1346 1093 416 4 v 1366 1069 a Fu(Massbus)p 1560 1092 4 104 -v 1561 1029 a Fl(6)1561 1092 y(?)1502 991 y Fk(\032\031)1502 -875 y(\033\030)1523 952 y Fu(Disk)p 1726 1092 V 1727 1029 a -Fl(6)1727 1092 y(?)1668 991 y Fk(\032\031)1668 875 y(\033\030)1689 -952 y Fu(Disk)p 1781 1093 21 4 v 1823 1093 V 1864 1093 V 630 -1166 4 150 v 632 1168 299 4 v 929 1166 4 150 v 632 1018 299 -4 v 733 1085 a(DF10)662 1127 y(Data)h(Channel)p 636 1172 V -933 1170 4 150 v 930 1093 117 4 v 1005 1091 a Fl(-)p 930 1093 -V -117 w(\033)p 779 1017 4 204 v 781 855 a(6)781 1017 y(?)p -781 815 872 4 v 802 869 a Fu(Channel)h(Memo)o(ry)e(Bus)p 1673 -815 21 4 v 1715 815 V 1756 815 V 1232 1615 4 125 v 1233 1616 -299 4 v 1531 1615 4 125 v 1233 1492 299 4 v 1342 1546 a(Ca)o(rd)1323 -1587 y(Reader)p 1238 1620 V 1535 1619 4 125 v 1381 1490 4 150 -v 1383 1382 a Fl(6)1383 1490 y(?)p 1605 1615 4 125 v 1607 1616 -299 4 v 1904 1615 4 125 v 1607 1492 299 4 v 1621 1542 a Fu(Communication)1665 -1583 y(Subsystem)p 1611 1620 V 1908 1619 4 125 v 1755 1490 -4 150 v 1756 1382 a Fl(6)1756 1490 y(?)p 636 1342 1163 4 v -690 1309 a Fu(KI10)f(In{Out)i(Bus)p 1819 1342 21 4 v 1860 1342 -V 1902 1342 V 563 589 4 150 v 565 591 582 4 v 1145 589 4 150 -v 565 441 582 4 v 784 484 a(External)744 525 y(Co)o(re)f(Sto)o(rage)783 -574 y(Mo)q(dules)p 569 595 V 1149 593 4 150 v 763 701 4 113 -v 764 701 a Fl(?)764 631 y(6)p 962 813 4 225 v 964 813 a(?)964 -631 y(6)p 1186 589 4 150 v 1188 591 582 4 v 1767 589 4 150 -v 1188 441 582 4 v 1407 484 a Fu(External)1367 525 y(Co)o(re)g(Sto)o(rage) -1406 574 y(Mo)q(dules)p 1192 595 V 1771 593 4 150 v 1385 701 -4 113 v 1387 701 a Fl(?)1387 631 y(6)p 1585 813 4 225 v 1586 -813 a(?)1586 631 y(6)p 148 776 4 150 v 150 778 266 4 v 414 -776 4 150 v 150 628 266 4 v 215 670 a Fu(DMA20)173 712 y(Memo)o(ry)h(Bus)197 -761 y(Controller)p 154 782 V 418 780 4 150 v 416 703 1238 4 -v 436 757 a(KI10)f(Memo)o(ry)h(Bus)p 1673 703 21 4 v 1715 703 -V 1756 703 V 281 1490 4 714 v 283 818 a Fl(6)283 1490 y(?)304 -1123 y Fu(S)f(Bus)p eop -%%Page: 14 50 -14 49 bop 0 50 a FB(14)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)430 -160 y Fx(Figure)18 b(1.5:)24 b(KL10)18 b(Pro)r(cessor)g(Simpli\014ed)-149 -2614 y Fn(HRMF-KL10CPU.TEX)p -149 2540 9 75 v -149 2428 V -149 -2316 V -149 2204 V -149 2092 V -149 1980 V -149 1868 V -149 -1756 V -149 1644 V -149 1532 V -149 1419 V -149 1307 V -149 -1195 V -149 1083 V -149 971 V -149 859 V -149 747 V -149 635 -V -149 523 V -149 411 V 1714 2540 V 1714 2428 V 1714 2316 V -1714 2204 V 1714 2092 V 1714 1980 V 1714 1868 V 1714 1756 V -1714 1644 V 1714 1532 V 1714 1419 V 1714 1307 V 1714 1195 V -1714 1083 V 1714 971 V 1714 859 V 1714 747 V 1714 635 V 1714 -523 V 1714 411 V -149 2540 75 9 v -37 2540 V 75 2540 V 187 -2540 V 299 2540 V 411 2540 V 523 2540 V 635 2540 V 747 2540 -V 859 2540 V 971 2540 V 1083 2540 V 1196 2540 V 1308 2540 V -1420 2540 V 1532 2540 V 1644 2540 V -149 1270 V -37 1270 V -75 1270 V 187 1270 V 299 1270 V 411 1270 V 523 1270 V 635 1270 -V 747 1270 V 859 1270 V 971 1270 V 1083 1270 V 1196 1270 V -1308 1270 V 1420 1270 V 1532 1270 V 1644 1270 V -149 344 V --37 344 V 75 344 V 187 344 V 299 344 V 411 344 V 523 344 V -635 344 V 747 344 V 859 344 V 971 344 V 1083 344 V 1196 344 -V 1308 344 V 1420 344 V 1532 344 V 1644 344 V -68 2353 4 125 -v -66 2355 299 4 v 231 2353 4 125 v -66 2231 299 4 v 24 2306 -a Fu(Meters)p -62 2359 V 235 2358 4 125 v 81 2445 4 92 v 83 -2445 a Fl(?)83 2395 y(6)p 347 2353 4 125 v 349 2355 299 4 v -646 2353 4 125 v 349 2231 299 4 v 455 2281 a Fu(Erro)o(r)452 -2322 y(Logic)p 353 2359 V 650 2358 4 125 v 496 2445 4 92 v -498 2445 a Fl(?)498 2395 y(6)p 762 2353 4 125 v 764 2355 299 -4 v 1061 2353 4 125 v 764 2231 299 4 v 839 2277 a Fu(Program)868 -2326 y(Flags)p 768 2359 V 1065 2358 4 125 v 912 2229 4 187 -v 913 2084 a Fl(6)913 2229 y(?)p 1177 2353 4 125 v 1179 2355 -299 4 v 1476 2353 4 125 v 1179 2231 299 4 v 1265 2277 a Fu(Prio)o(rit)o(y) -1252 2326 y(Interrupt)p 1183 2359 V 1480 2358 4 125 v 1327 -2445 4 92 v 1328 2445 a Fl(?)1328 2395 y(6)p 1327 2229 4 287 -v 1328 1984 a(6)p 129 2042 4 137 v 131 2044 532 4 v 660 2042 -4 137 v 131 1907 532 4 v 370 1988 a Fu(PC)p 135 2048 V 665 -2046 4 137 v 614 2031 a Fi(23)-487 b(Section)p 295 2042 4 34 -v 131 2072 a(13)93 b(17)10 b(18)293 b(35)p 662 1975 102 4 v -722 1973 a Fl(-)p 129 1718 4 137 v 131 1720 532 4 v 660 1718 -4 137 v 131 1583 532 4 v 351 1664 a Fu(VMA)p 135 1724 V 665 -1722 4 137 v 614 1707 a Fi(23)161 1708 y(Section)p 295 1718 -4 34 v 131 1748 a(13)93 b(17)10 b(18)293 b(35)p 395 1581 4 -461 v 396 1162 a Fl(6)p 395 1905 4 187 v 396 1905 a(?)396 1760 -y(6)p 528 1812 4 94 v 91 w(6)p 529 1813 235 4 v 722 1811 a(-)p -762 2042 4 299 v 764 2044 299 4 v 1061 2042 4 299 v 764 1745 -299 4 v 822 1855 a Fu(Arithmetic)867 1897 y(Logic)784 1948 -y(\(AD,)13 b(AR,)g(etc.\))p 768 2048 V 1065 2046 4 299 v 1177 -1942 4 125 v 1179 1944 299 4 v 1476 1942 4 125 v 1179 1820 -299 4 v 1279 1874 a(Micro)1243 1915 y(Controller)p 1183 1948 -V 1480 1947 4 125 v 1063 1882 117 4 v 1063 1880 a Fl(\033)p -1063 1882 V 32 w(-)p 1478 1882 152 4 v 409 w(-)p 1478 1882 -V -152 w(\033)p 1177 1569 4 113 v 1179 1571 299 4 v 1476 1569 -4 113 v 1179 1458 299 4 v 1309 1527 a Fu(IR)p 1183 1575 V 1480 -1573 4 113 v 1434 1558 a Fi(13)p 949 1496 231 4 v 1137 1494 -a Fl(-)p 1013 1533 164 4 v 1135 1531 a(-)p 1011 1743 4 212 -v 1327 1818 4 250 v 1328 1818 a(?)p 575 1494 4 167 v 577 1496 -299 4 v 874 1494 4 167 v 577 1330 299 4 v 613 1422 a Fu(F)o(ast)g(Memo)o(ry)p -581 1500 V 878 1498 4 167 v 700 1481 a Fi(8)7 b Ff(\002)g Fi(16)g -Ff(\002)h Fi(37)p 528 1581 4 171 v 529 1413 48 4 v 535 1411 -a Fl(-)p 804 1743 4 250 v 805 1536 a(6)805 1743 y(?)p 876 1413 -453 4 v 876 1411 a(\033)p 1327 1457 4 46 v 133 847 4 137 v -135 848 524 4 v 656 847 4 137 v 135 711 524 4 v 351 793 a Fu(PMA)p -139 852 V 660 851 4 137 v 610 835 a Fi(22)-509 b(14)464 b(35)p -395 710 4 129 v 396 583 519 4 v 874 581 a Fl(-)p 245 1121 4 -125 v 247 1122 299 4 v 544 1121 4 125 v 247 998 299 4 v 347 -1069 a Fu(P)o(ager)p 251 1126 V 548 1125 4 125 v 395 996 4 -150 v 396 888 a Fl(6)p 546 1060 1084 4 v 1588 1058 a(-)p 546 -1060 V -1084 w(\033)p -99 622 4 125 v -98 624 299 4 v 200 622 -4 125 v -98 500 299 4 v -18 554 a Fu(Channel)-12 595 y(Control)p --93 628 V 204 627 4 125 v 50 498 4 270 v 52 270 a Fl(6)52 498 -y(?)71 280 y Fu(C)13 b(Bus)p 201 541 714 4 v 874 539 a Fl(-)p -201 541 V -715 w(\033)p 50 774 4 152 v 52 776 84 4 v 93 774 -a(-)p 914 622 4 125 v 915 624 299 4 v 1213 622 4 125 v 915 -500 299 4 v 994 550 a Fu(Memo)o(ry)1000 599 y(Control)p 919 -628 V 1217 627 4 125 v 1063 498 4 270 v 1065 270 a Fl(6)1065 -498 y(?)1083 280 y Fu(S)h(Bus)p 1214 562 115 4 v 1287 560 a -Fl(-)p 1214 562 V -115 w(\033)p 947 1741 4 1119 v 949 1741 -a(?)949 664 y(6)p 1179 774 4 152 v 1181 774 a(?)1181 664 y(6)p -1181 776 449 4 v 1628 2445 4 1671 v 1629 1776 229 4 v 1816 -1774 a(-)p 1629 1776 V -229 w(\033)1752 1745 y Fu(E)f(Bus)p -83 2446 1547 4 v 1327 622 4 125 v 1328 624 299 4 v 1626 622 -4 125 v 1328 500 299 4 v 1394 548 a(2K)g(Cache)1346 591 y(\(4K)g(if)h -(MCA25\))p 1333 628 V 1630 627 4 125 v 1476 774 4 152 v 1478 -774 a Fl(?)1478 664 y(6)-133 391 y Fe(M)j(BO)o(X)-133 1321 -y(E)f(BO)o(X)p eop -%%Page: 15 51 -15 50 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.2.)31 b(KL10{BASED)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OR)o(GANIZA)m(TION) -863 b FB(15)150 195 y(Figure)18 b(1.5)f(sho)o(ws)h(the)h(in)o(ternal)f -(con\014guration)f(of)h(the)g(KL10)g(pro)q(cessor.)32 b(Of)18 -b(the)h(registers)g(sho)o(wn,)g(only)150 245 y(PC)d(\(the)h(program)e(coun)o -(ter\),)i(Program)e(Flags,)g(and)h(one)h(set)g(of)e(sixteen)i(F)m(ast)f -(Memory)f(accum)o(ulators)h(are)150 295 y(directly)j(relev)n(an)o(t)f(to)h(a) -f(t)o(ypical)f(user.)33 b(The)19 b(pro)q(cessor)i(p)q(erforms)d(a)g(program)f -(b)o(y)h(executing)h(instructions)150 345 y(retriev)o(ed)g(from)d(the)i -(memory)e(lo)q(cations)h(addressed)i(b)o(y)f(PC.)f(F)m(or)h(the)g(normal)e -(program)g(sequence,)k(PC)e(is)150 394 y(regularly)c(incremen)o(ted)h(b)o(y)g -(one)g(so)g(that)g(instructions)g(are)h(tak)o(en)f(from)e(consecutiv)o(e)j -(lo)q(cations.)k(Sequen)o(tial)150 444 y(program)c(\015o)o(w)h(is)g(altered)i -(b)o(y)e(c)o(hanging)g(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(PC,)h(either)g(b)o(y)f -(incremen)o(ting)g(it)g(an)g(extra)h(time)150 494 y(in)f(a)h(skip)g -(instruction)g(or)g(b)o(y)f(replacing)h(its)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(with)e(the)i -(v)n(alue)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d(a)h(jump)e(instruction.)150 -544 y(Throughout)10 b(the)h(text)g(the)g(phrase)h(\\jump)c(to)i(lo)q(cation)g -Fw(n)s FB(")g(means)g(to)g(load)g(the)h(v)n(alue)f Fw(n)g FB(in)o(to)g(PC)h -(and)f(con)o(tin)o(ue)150 594 y(p)q(erforming)16 b(instructions)i(in)e(the)i -(normal)d(coun)o(ting)i(sequence)j(b)q(eginning)c(at)h(the)h(lo)q(cation)f -(then)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)150 643 y(b)o(y)d(PC.)g(Ph)o(ysically)f(PC)i(is)f(not) -g(a)g(coun)o(ter)h(at)f(all|it)e(just)j(holds)f(the)h(program)d(coun)o(t;)j -(the)f(actual)g(coun)o(ting)150 693 y(is)h(done)g(in)g(the)g(virtual)g -(memory)d(address)k(register)h(VMA.)d(The)i(en)o(tire)g(VMA)f(functions)g(as) -g(a)g(coun)o(ter,)h(but)150 743 y(no)i(carry)h(is)f(allo)o(w)o(ed)e(in)o(to)i -(the)h(section)f(part)h(in)e(program)g(coun)o(ting.)30 b(Hence,)20 -b(large)e(data)g(structures)j(can)150 793 y(arbitrarily)13 -b(cross)j(section)f(b)q(oundaries,)g(but)g(the)g(program)e(cannot.)20 -b(The)15 b(program)d(coun)o(t)j(wraps)g(around)f(in)150 843 -y(the)f(curren)o(t)h(PC)e(section,)h(whic)o(h)f(is)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e -(PC)g(bits)h(13{17.)j(F)m(or)c(the)h(program)d(to)j(go)e(from)g(one)h -(section)150 892 y(to)h(another)g(requires)h(an)e(explicit)h(transfer)h(of)e -(con)o(trol)g(b)o(y)h(jumping)d(to)j(another)g(section.)18 -b(In)13 b(a)g(single{section)150 942 y(KL10,)j(all)f(section)i(bits)f(are)g -(held)g(at)g(zero,)h(so)g(VMA)f(and)g(PC)g(function)g(as)g(18{bit)f -(registers.)26 b(The)17 b(virtual)150 992 y(address)h(from)d(VMA,)h(whether)j -(eigh)o(teen)e(bits)g(or)f(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y-three,)j(is)d(translated)h(b)o -(y)g(the)g(pager)g(to)g(a)f(22{bit)150 1042 y(ph)o(ysical)d(address)j(that)d -(is)h(supplied)g(to)g(memory)d(via)i(PMA.)150 1127 y(Eac)o(h)j(instruction)h -(retriev)o(ed)g(from)d(memory)g(con)o(tains)i(information)d(iden)o(tifying)h -(the)j(op)q(erands)g(and)f(an)g(in-)150 1177 y(struction)d(co)q(de)h(sp)q -(ecifying)e(the)i(op)q(eration)e(to)h(b)q(e)g(p)q(erformed)f(using)g(those)i -(op)q(erands.)k(The)13 b(co)q(de)h(go)q(es)f(to)f(the)150 1227 -y(instruction)i(register)g(IR,)e(from)g(whic)o(h)h(it)g(is)g(deco)q(ded)h(b)o -(y)f(the)h(micro)q(con)o(troller,)e(whic)o(h)h(in)g(turn)h(p)q(erforms)e(the) -150 1277 y(instruction)k(b)o(y)f(manipulating)d(all)i(of)h(the)h(other)g(E)f -(b)q(o)o(x)g(elemen)o(ts)g(and)h(making)c(the)k(necessary)i(requests)f(to)150 -1327 y(the)f(M)g(b)q(o)o(x.)23 b(The)16 b(micro)q(con)o(troller)f(also)g -(executes)j(the)e(more)f(fundamen)o(tal)f(op)q(erations)h(of)h(sequencing)g -(the)150 1377 y(program,)e(handling)g(TOPS{20)i(paging)f(op)q(erations)g(b)q -(ey)o(ond)h(the)h(basic)e(address)i(translation)e(made)g(b)o(y)g(the)150 -1426 y(pager)i(\(TOPS{10)g(op)q(erations)h(are)f(built)f(in)o(to)h(the)g(M)g -(b)q(o)o(x)g(pager\),)h(pro)q(cessing)g(in)o(terrupts,)h(and)d(so)i(forth.) -150 1476 y(\(Not)12 b(sho)o(wn)g(in)f(the)h(illustration)e(is)i(a)f(m)o -(ultitude)g(of)g(con)o(trol)g(lines)h(emanating)d(from)h(the)j(micro)q(con)o -(troller)d(and)150 1526 y(extending)k(throughout)g(the)g(mac)o(hine.\))j(The) -d(micro)q(con)o(troller)f(op)q(erates)i(from)d(a)i(micro)q(co)q(de)f(con)o -(tained)h(in)f(a)150 1576 y(con)o(trol)j(store.)25 b(This)15 -b(micro)q(co)q(de)h(b)q(ears)h(the)f(same)f(relation)h(to)f(the)i(micro)q -(con)o(troller)d(as)i(the)h(program)d(do)q(es)150 1626 y(to)j(the)h(pro)q -(cessor.)31 b(Micropro)q(cessing)19 b(is)e(in)o(visible)g(to)g(the)h -(programmer,)e(and)h(he)h(need)g(not)g(b)q(e)g(concerned)150 -1675 y(with)e(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(except)j(to)d(the)i(exten)o(t)g(of)e -(loading)f(it)i(at)f(system)h(initialization.)21 b(The)c(reader)g(should,)150 -1725 y(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)h(note)g(an)g(imp)q(ortan)o(t)e(implication)e(of)j -(this)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f(pro)q(cessor)j(implem)o(en)o(tation:)j(a)17 -b(single)g(KL10)150 1775 y(pro)q(cessor)i(can)e(actually)e(b)q(e)j(an)o(y)e -(one)h(of)f(a)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(di\013eren)o(t)h(pro)q(cessors)i -(merely)d(b)o(y)h(loading)e(di\013eren)o(t)150 1825 y(micro)q(co)q(des.)150 -1910 y(The)20 b(ma)r(jor)d(w)o(orking)i(area)g(of)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(is)e -(the)h(arithmetic)e(logic.)33 b(This)20 b(con)o(tains)f(three)i(full{w)o(ord) -150 1960 y(registers:)e(the)12 b(arithmetic)f(register)i(\(AR\),)e(the)h -(bu\013er)h(register)g(\(BR\),)f(and)f(the)i(m)o(ultiplier{quotien)o(t)c -(register)150 2010 y(\(MQ\).)14 b(F)m(or)f(handling)f(double{length)h(op)q -(erands,)h(AR)g(and)f(BR)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(36{bit)g(righ)o(t)g(extensions,)h -(called)f(ARX)150 2060 y(and)g(BRX,)h(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(,)g(V)m(arious)f -(com)o(binations)e(of)j(these)h(registers)g(pla)o(y)d(a)i(role)f(in)h(all)e -(arithmetic,)g(logical,)150 2110 y(and)20 b(data)f(handling)g(op)q(erations)h -(and)g(in)g(program)e(con)o(trol)i(op)q(erations)g(as)g(w)o(ell.)36 -b(Also)20 b(included)g(in)f(the)150 2159 y(arithmetic)c(logic)h(are)h(an)f -(extremely)g(fast,)g(double{length)g(adder,)h(AD{AD)o(X,)f(and)g(smaller)f -(registers)j(that)150 2209 y(handle)12 b(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(exp)q(onen) -o(ts)i(and)f(con)o(trol)g(shift)h(op)q(erations)f(and)g(b)o(yte)h -(manipulation.)h(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)f(from)150 2259 y(the)18 -b(p)q(oin)o(t)f(of)g(view)g(of)g(the)h(programmer,)d(the)j(arithmetic)f -(logic)f(can)i(b)q(e)g(disregarded.)29 b(Almost)16 b(all)h(of)f(the)150 -2309 y(op)q(erations)h(necessary)i(for)d(the)h(execution)h(of)e(a)h(program)e -(are)i(p)q(erformed)f(in)h(it,)f(but)h(it)f(nev)o(er)i(retains)f(an)o(y)150 -2359 y(information)11 b(from)i(one)i(instruction)f(to)h(the)g(next.)20 -b(Computations)12 b(either)j(a\013ect)h(con)o(trol)e(elemen)o(ts,)g(suc)o(h)h -(as)150 2409 y(PC)h(and)f(the)h(program)d(\015ags,)j(or)f(pro)q(duce)i -(results)f(that)g(are)f(stored)i(and)e(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(retriev)o(ed)h(if)d -(they)i(are)g(to)150 2458 y(b)q(e)h(used)h(as)e(op)q(erands)i(in)e(other)h -(instructions.)27 b(The)17 b(program)e(\015ags)h(rep)q(ort)i(conditions)e(of) -g(in)o(terest)i(to)e(the)150 2508 y(programmer,)d(suc)o(h)i(as)g(arithmetic)f -(and)h(stac)o(k)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w;)f(some)f(of)g(these)j(conditions)d -(also)h(are)g(rep)q(orted)i(via)150 2558 y(program)12 b(traps.)p -eop -%%Page: 16 52 -16 51 bop 0 50 a FB(16)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)0 -195 y FB(An)13 b(instruction)h(w)o(ord)f(has)g(only)f(one)h(18{bit)f(address) -j(\014eld)e(for)f(addressing)i(an)o(y)f(lo)q(cation)f(in)h(the)g(curren)o(t)i -(PC)0 245 y(section.)25 b(Most)16 b(instructions)h(ha)o(v)o(e)e(t)o(w)o(o)h -(4{bit)f(\014elds)h(for)g(addressing)g(the)h(\014rst)g(sixteen)g(memory)c(lo) -q(cations.)0 295 y(An)o(y)g(instruction)h(that)f(requires)h(a)f(second)i(op)q -(erand)e(has)h(an)f(accum)o(ulator)e(address)k(\014eld)e(whic)o(h)g(can)h -(address)0 345 y(one)f(of)f(these)i(sixteen)g(lo)q(cations)e(as)h(an)f(accum) -o(ulator;)f(in)i(other)g(w)o(ords)g(as)g(though)f(it)h(w)o(ere)g(a)g(result)g -(held)g(o)o(v)o(er)0 394 y(in)g(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(from)c(some)h(previous)h -(instruction.)19 b(\(The)14 b(programmer)e(usually)h(has)h(a)g(c)o(hoice)g -(of)g(whether)0 444 y(the)h(result)g(of)f(the)h(instruction)f(will)f(go)h(to) -g(the)h(lo)q(cation)e(addressed)k(as)d(an)g(accum)o(ulator,)f(to)h(that)g -(addressed)0 494 y(b)o(y)h(the)h(18{bit)f(address)h(\014eld,)g(or)f(to)h(b)q -(oth.\))23 b(Ev)o(ery)16 b(instruction)f(has)h(a)f(4{bit)g(index{register)h -(address)h(\014eld)0 544 y(whic)o(h)12 b(can)g(address)h(\014fteen)g(of)e -(these)i(lo)q(cations)f(for)f(use)i(as)f(index)g(registers)h(in)f(mo)q -(difying)d(a)i(memory)f(address)0 594 y(\(a)k(zero)i(index{register)g -(address)f(sp)q(eci\014es)i(no)d(indexing\).)20 b(Although)14 -b(all)g(computations)f(on)h(b)q(oth)h(op)q(erands)0 643 y(and)c(addresses)i -(are)e(p)q(erformed)f(in)h(the)g(arithmetic)f(logic,)g(the)h(computer)g -(actually)f(has)h(sixteen)g(accum)o(ulators,)0 693 y(\014fteen)16 -b(of)f(whic)o(h)g(can)g(double)g(as)h(index)f(registers.)24 -b(The)15 b(factor)h(that)f(determines)h(whether)g(one)g(of)e(the)i(\014rst)0 -743 y(sixteen)d(lo)q(cations)e(in)h(memory)d(is)j(an)g(accum)o(ulator)f(or)h -(an)g(index)g(register)h(is)f(not)g(the)g(information)d(it)j(con)o(tains)0 -793 y(nor)g(ho)o(w)g(its)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(are)f(used,)h(but)f(rather)h(ho)o -(w)f(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(is)h(addressed.)20 b(These)13 b(\014rst)g(sixteen)f -(lo)q(cations)0 843 y(are)h(not)f(actually)f(in)g(the)i(storage)g(mo)q -(dules|they)e(are)h(in)g(a)g(fast)g(memory)d(con)o(tained)j(in)g(the)h(pro)q -(cessor.)19 b(This)0 892 y(allo)o(ws)c(m)o(uc)o(h)g(quic)o(k)o(er)i(access)h -(to)e(these)h(lo)q(cations,)f(whether)i(they)f(are)f(addressed)i(as)f(accum)o -(ulators,)e(index)0 942 y(registers,)e(or)e(ordinary)g(memory)e(lo)q -(cations.)17 b(They)12 b(can)f(ev)o(en)h(b)q(e)g(addressed)h(from)d(the)i -(program)e(coun)o(ter,)i(and)0 992 y(pro)o(vision)f(is)i(made)e(for)h -(referencing)i(them)d(from)g(non{zero)i(sections.)19 b(Moreo)o(v)o(er,)12 -b(there)i(are)f(actually)e(eigh)o(t)i(of)0 1042 y(these)i(fast)f(memory)e -(blo)q(c)o(ks)h(\(also)h(referred)i(to)d(as)h(\\A)o(C)g(blo)q(c)o(ks"\),)f -(but)h(generally)g(only)f(one)h(is)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(to)h(a)0 -1092 y(program)f(at)i(an)o(y)f(giv)o(en)h(time.)i(Blo)q(c)o(ks)e(6)g(and)g(7) -f(are)h(reserv)o(ed)i(sp)q(eci\014cally)e(for)g(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de;)f(the) -h(Monitor)0 1142 y(usually)f(reserv)o(es)j(blo)q(c)o(k)e(0)f(for)h(itself)f -(and)h(assigns)g(the)h(others)g(to)e(user)i(programs.)0 1227 -y(An)i(optional)e(feature)j(that)e(sp)q(eeds)j(up)e(memory)d(access)k(and)f -(increases)h(the)g(e\016ciency)f(of)f(storage)h(mo)q(dule)0 -1277 y(use)h(is)g(a)f(cac)o(he.)30 b(This)17 b(facilit)o(y)f(has)h(2048)g(lo) -q(cations)g(that)g(temp)q(orarily)f(substitute)j(for)e(a)g(selection)h(of)f -(the)0 1327 y(most-frequen)o(tly)12 b(used)i(storage)g(lo)q(cations.)j -(Hence,)e(the)e(cac)o(he)i(ma)o(y)c(b)q(e)j(regarded)g(in)f(some)f(resp)q -(ects)k(as)d(a)g(set)0 1377 y(of)f(general{purp)q(ose)i(registers.)20 -b(A)13 b(program)e(lo)q(op)h(once)i(read)f(from)e(storage)j(and)e(then)i -(residen)o(t)g(in)e(the)i(cac)o(he)0 1426 y(ma)o(y)c(b)q(e)i(executed)i(h)o -(undreds)f(of)f(times)f(without)g(further)i(instruction)f(fetc)o(hes)i(from)c -(storage.)17 b(Data)12 b(pro)q(duced)0 1476 y(b)o(y)g(the)g(program)f(is)h -(written)g(in)g(the)h(cac)o(he.)18 b(Th)o(us,)12 b(if)f(the)i(program)d(sets) -k(up)e(a)g(lo)q(cation)f(to)h(b)q(e)g(a)g(coun)o(ter,)h(that)0 -1526 y(lo)q(cation)h(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)i(read)g(and)f(written)h(thousands)f(of)g -(times)g(with)g(no)g(storage)g(access,)i(ev)o(en)f(initially)m(.)k(When)0 -1576 y(the)13 b(cac)o(he)g(is)g(presen)o(t)h(but)e(do)q(es)h(not)g(con)o -(tain)f(the)h(w)o(ord)f(the)h(program)e(w)o(an)o(ts,)h(memory)e(con)o(trol)i -(gets)h(a)f(group)0 1626 y(of)i(four)g(adjacen)o(t)g(w)o(ords)h(from)d -(storage,)i(including)g(the)h(requested)h(one,)e(and)g(places)h(them)f(in)f -(the)i(cac)o(he,)g(on)0 1675 y(the)d(assumption)f(the)h(program)e(will)h -(probably)g(w)o(an)o(t)g(the)i(other)f(three)h(and)f(can)g(th)o(us)g(get)g -(them)f(more)g(quic)o(kly)m(.)0 1725 y(This)17 b(is)g(a)f(reasonable)i -(assumption,)d(since)j(the)g(program)d(coun)o(ts)j(sequen)o(tially)e(and)h -(data)f(manipulation)e(is)0 1775 y(frequen)o(tly)g(sequen)o(tial)f(as)h(w)o -(ell.)j(Cac)o(he)d(con)o(trol)f(has)g(a)g(mec)o(hanism)f(for)h(determining)f -(frequency)i(of)f(use,)h(and)0 1825 y(it)d(writes)h(the)f(least{recen)o(tly)i -(used)f(w)o(ord)f(groups)g(bac)o(k)g(in)o(to)g(storage)h(\(or)f(discards)h -(them)e(if)h(unc)o(hanged\))g(when)0 1875 y(the)i(cac)o(he)g(space)h(is)e -(needed)i(for)e(new)h(references.)20 b(The)13 b(only)e(address)j(restriction) -f(on)f(the)h(512)f(4{w)o(ord)g(groups)0 1924 y(is)g(that)g(the)h(cac)o(he)h -(can)e(ha)o(v)o(e)g(the)h(same)e(groups)i(from,)d(at)i(most,)f(four)h(pages.) -18 b(There)c(ma)o(y)c(b)q(e)j(complete)f(pages)0 1974 y(in)i(the)g(cac)o(he,) -h(but)g(it)e(is)h(more)g(lik)o(ely)e(to)i(ha)o(v)o(e)g(a)g(selection)h(of)f -(groups)g(from)f(a)g(selection)i(of)f(pages)g(dep)q(ending)0 -2024 y(on)e(frequency)h(of)f(use.)18 b(Generally)12 b(the)h(cac)o(he)g(con)o -(tains)f(w)o(ords)h(for)f(the)g(curren)o(t)i(user)f(and)g(for)e(the)i -(Monitor,)f(as)0 2074 y(w)o(ell)h(as)h(for)g(handling)e(in)o(terrupts)j(for)f -(man)o(y)e(users.)19 b(The)c(reader)g(should)e(b)q(e)i(a)o(w)o(are)f(that)g -(the)g(cac)o(he)h(con)o(tains)0 2124 y(represen)o(tations)i(of)e(memory)e(w)o -(ord)i(groups,)h(not)f(necessarily)h(the)g(actual)f(storage)h(con)o(ten)o -(ts.)24 b(F)m(or)15 b(example,)0 2174 y(when)e(the)f(program)f(writes)i(a)f -(w)o(ord,)g(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(of)d(that)h(cac)o(he)h(lo)q(cation)f(then) -h(di\013er)f(from)f(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(of)0 2223 y(the)g(corresp)q -(onding)g(storage)f(lo)q(cation,)f(and)h(the)h(other)g(w)o(ords)f(in)g(the)g -(group)g(ma)o(y)f(not)h(ev)o(en)g(b)q(e)h(in)f(the)g(cac)o(he.)0 -2273 y(This)g(caution)g(is)h(of)e(in)o(terest,)j(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)e(only)g -(to)g(the)h(op)q(erating)f(system.)18 b(A)13 b(t)o(ypical)g(program)f(simply) -f(mak)o(es)0 2323 y(memory)e(references;)15 b(the)e(more)e(of)g(these)i(in)f -(whic)o(h)f(the)i(cac)o(he)g(substitutes)g(in)o(visibly)e(for)g(storage,)h -(the)h(b)q(etter.)0 2409 y(The)k(MCA25)e(cac)o(he)j(and)e(pager)g(upgrade)h -(\(part)f(of)g(the)g(extended)i(KL10\))e(expands)h(the)g(size)g(of)e(the)i -(cac)o(he)0 2458 y(to)e(4096)g(w)o(ords,)h(organized)f(as)h(1024)e(four{w)o -(ord)h(groups;)h(this)g(cac)o(he)g(can)g(hold)f(the)h(same)f(groups)g(from,)f -(at)0 2508 y(most,)e(eigh)o(t)i(pages.)0 2594 y(Also)k(included)h(within)e -(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(are)f(a)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(in)o(ternal)g(devices) -h(that)g(are)f(similar)e(to)i(external)p eop -%%Page: 17 53 -17 52 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.2.)31 b(KL10{BASED)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OR)o(GANIZA)m(TION) -863 b FB(17)150 195 y(con)o(trollers)17 b(in)e(that)i(they)f(op)q(erate)i -(indep)q(enden)o(tly)f(of)e(the)i(program)e(but)h(are)h(con)o(trolled)f(b)o -(y)g(it)g(o)o(v)o(er)g(the)h(E)150 245 y(bus.)25 b(Some)15 -b(of)h(these)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(already)g(b)q(een)h(men)o(tioned:)22 -b(the)16 b(program)f(sets)i(up)f(the)h(pager,)g(instructs)g(cac)o(he)150 -295 y(con)o(trol)g(to)g(up)q(date)h(storage,)g(sets)h(up)e(the)h(memory)d -(system,)j(and)f(gets)h(diagnostic)e(information)f(from)g(the)150 -345 y(memory)i(con)o(trollers)j(and)f(storage)g(mo)q(dules.)34 -b(Other)20 b(suc)o(h)g(\\devices")g(are)g(the)g(error)g(logic,)f(the)h -(meters,)150 394 y(and)e(the)h(priorit)o(y)f(in)o(terrupt.)33 -b(By)19 b(means)e(of)h(the)h(error)h(logic,)e(the)h(program)e(can)i(monitor)d -(conditions)i(in)150 444 y(the)d(pro)q(cessor.)22 b(The)15 -b(meters)g(pro)o(vide)g(a)f(time)f(base,)i(an)g(in)o(terv)n(al)e(coun)o(ter,) -j(and)e(facilities)g(for)g(k)o(eeping)h(trac)o(k)150 494 y(of)20 -b(program)f(use)i(of)f(the)i(system)e(and)g(for)h(analyzing)e(system)h(p)q -(erformance.)38 b(The)21 b(in)o(terrupt)h(facilitates)150 544 -y(pro)q(cessor)c(con)o(trol)d(of)g(the)i(en)o(tire)f(system)g(b)o(y)f(means)g -(of)h(a)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(priorit)o(y{ordered)h(lev)o(els)g(o)o(v)o -(er)g(whic)o(h)150 594 y(external)f(signals)g(ma)o(y)e(in)o(terrupt)i(the)h -(normal)d(program)g(\015o)o(w.)21 b(The)16 b(pro)q(cessor)g(ac)o(kno)o -(wledges)f(an)g(in)o(terrupt)150 643 y(request)f(b)o(y)d(executing)i(the)f -(instruction)h(con)o(tained)f(in)f(a)h(particular)f(lo)q(cation)g(for)h(the)h -(lev)o(el)e(or)h(b)o(y)g(doing)f(some)150 693 y(sp)q(ecial)j(op)q(eration)g -(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(device)h(\(suc)o(h)f(as)g(incremen)o(ting)f -(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(a)h(memory)d(lo)q(cation\).)150 -743 y(Assignmen)o(t)j(of)g(lev)o(els)g(to)h(devices)g(is)g(en)o(tirely)g -(under)g(program)e(con)o(trol.)20 b(Tw)o(o)14 b(of)g(the)h(devices)h(to)e -(whic)o(h)g(the)150 793 y(program)e(can)i(assign)g(lev)o(els)g(are)g(the)h -(error)g(logic)d(and)i(the)h(in)o(terv)n(al)e(coun)o(ter.)150 -943 y Fx(1.2.2)55 b(KL10)18 b(Memory)150 1056 y FB(When)c(dealing)f(with)h -(storage)g(mo)q(dules,)e(the)j(pro)q(cessor)g(need)g(not)f(w)o(ait)f(the)i -(en)o(tire)f(memory)d(cycle)k(time.)i(T)m(o)150 1106 y(read,)f(the)g(pro)q -(cessor)h(w)o(aits)e(only)g(un)o(til)f(the)i(information)d(is)i(a)o(v)n -(ailable)e(and)j(then)g(con)o(tin)o(ues)g(its)f(op)q(erations,)150 -1155 y(regardless)f(of)e(whatev)o(er)i(else)g(the)f(memory)e(m)o(ust)h(do)g -(to)h(complete)f(the)i(read)f(cycle.)19 b(T)m(o)12 b(write,)h(the)g(pro)q -(cessor)150 1205 y(w)o(aits)20 b(only)f(un)o(til)g(the)i(data)f(is)g -(accepted;)25 b(the)20 b(memory)e(then)j(p)q(erforms)f(an)g(en)o(tire)g -(cycle)h(to)f(write)h(that)150 1255 y(data.)28 b(T)m(o)16 b(sa)o(v)o(e)i -(time)e(in)h(an)g(instruction)g(that)h(fetc)o(hes)g(an)f(op)q(erand)h(and)f -(then)h(writes)g(new)g(data)f(in)o(to)f(the)150 1305 y(same)i(lo)q(cation,)i -(the)f(pro)q(cessor)i(can)f(request)h(a)e(read{mo)q(dify{write)e(cycle)j -(from)d(the)j(memory)m(,)d(in)i(whic)o(h)150 1355 y(the)c(memory)d(p)q -(erforms)i(only)f(the)i(read)g(part)g(initially)d(and)i(then)h(completes)f -(the)h(cycle)g(when)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)150 1404 y(supplies)d(the)g(new)g -(data.)17 b(This)11 b(pro)q(cedure)j(is)d(not)h(used)g(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)g(in) -f(a)h(length)o(y)f(instruction)h(\(suc)o(h)g(as)g(m)o(ultiply)150 -1454 y(or)h(divide\),)f(whic)o(h)h(w)o(ould)f(tie)h(up)g(a)g(storage)g(mo)q -(dule)f(that)h(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(needed)i(b)o(y)d(some)g(other)i(pro)q -(cessor.)20 b(Suc)o(h)150 1504 y(instructions)11 b(instead)g(request)i -(separate)f(read)f(and)g(write)g(access.)18 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)12 -b(the)f(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f(considerations)i(apply)150 1554 y(only)j(when)i(the) -g(cac)o(he)g(is)f(not)g(in)g(use)h(or)f(is)g(not)g(presen)o(t,)i(th)o(us)e -(requiring)g(that)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(alw)o(a)o(ys)d(deal)150 -1604 y(with)f(the)g(storage)g(mo)q(dules)f(and)h(that)g(it)f(request)j(one)e -(w)o(ord)g(at)f(a)h(time.)150 1689 y(With)e(the)g(cac)o(he)h(in)f(use)h(for)f -(a)g(giv)o(en)g(page,)g(memory)d(access)14 b(is)e(handled)h(using)e(the)i -(cac)o(he)g(wherev)o(er)h(p)q(ossible,)150 1739 y(and)k(when)h(storage)f -(access)i(is)e(required,)i(transfers)g(are)e(in)g(4{w)o(ord)f(groups.)31 -b(F)m(or)18 b(a)g(read)h(request,)h(the)f(M)150 1789 y(b)q(o)o(x)e(reads)h -(from)e(the)i(cac)o(he)g(if)f(the)h(w)o(ord)f(is)g(there;)j(otherwise,)f(it)e -(initiates)g(a)g(storage{to{cac)o(he)h(transfer,)150 1839 y(whic)o(h)e(ma)o -(y)e(require)k(a)e(prior)g(cac)o(he{to{storage)h(transfer)g(to)f(mak)o(e)f -(ro)q(om)g(for)g(the)i(new)g(data.)25 b(F)m(or)16 b(a)g(write)150 -1889 y(request,)e(the)g(M)f(b)q(o)o(x)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(writes)h(in)g(the)g -(cac)o(he,)h(and)f(this)f(to)q(o)h(ma)o(y)e(require)j(a)e(cac)o -(he{to{storage)i(transfer)150 1938 y(to)e(mak)o(e)e(ro)q(om;)g(otherwise,)j -(the)f(M)g(b)q(o)o(x)f(writes)i(in)e(storage)h(only)f(when)h(the)h(cac)o(he)f -(is)g(not)f(in)h(use,)g(the)g(Monitor)150 1988 y(sp)q(eci\014cally)i(up)q -(dates)h(memory)m(,)10 b(or)k(the)h(data)e(is)h(supplied)g(b)o(y)g(an)f(in)o -(ternal)h(c)o(hannel.)150 2074 y(F)m(or)e(handling)e(storage)j(transfers)g -(for)e(a)h(c)o(hannel)g(or)g(with)g(a)f(cac)o(he,)i(the)f(M)g(b)q(o)o(x)g(in) -o(terprets)h(ph)o(ysical)f(addresses)150 2124 y(in)h(this)h(format:)1403 -2264 y(W)m(ord)p 584 2307 919 2 v 583 2372 2 65 v 810 2351 -a(P)o(age)p 1123 2372 V 314 w(Group)p 1413 2372 V 1502 2372 -V 584 2373 919 2 v 584 2408 a Fi(14)461 b(26)22 b(27)201 b(33)21 -b(34)10 b(35)1454 2335 y Fd(\005)1457 2314 y(\005)150 2579 -y FB(When)17 b(the)h(E)f(b)q(o)o(x)g(requests)i(a)e(w)o(ord)f(that)i(is)e -(not)h(in)g(the)h(cac)o(he,)g(the)g(M)f(b)q(o)o(x)f(gets)i(the)g(four)e(w)o -(ords)i(in)e(the)150 2629 y(group)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e(bits)h(27{33)f -(or,)h(more)e(sp)q(eci\014cally)m(,)i(gets)g(whic)o(hev)o(er)h(of)e(them)g -(are)h(not)g(already)f(in)g(the)p eop -%%Page: 18 54 -18 53 bop 0 50 a FB(18)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)0 -195 y FB(cac)o(he.)21 b(F)m(or)14 b(the)i(quic)o(k)o(est)f(p)q(ossible)g -(service,)g(the)h(M)e(b)q(o)o(x)h(\014rst)g(gets)g(the)h(particular)e(w)o -(ord)h(requested;)h(e.g.,)e(if)0 245 y(the)i(program)e(requests)k(w)o(ord)d -(2)g(in)g(a)g(group,)h(the)g(M)f(b)q(o)o(x)h(retriev)o(es)h(w)o(ord)e(2)g -(\014rst,)i(follo)o(w)o(ed)d(b)o(y)h(w)o(ords)h(3,)f(0,)0 295 -y(and)e(1.)18 b(Ev)o(en)c(without)f(a)g(cac)o(he,)h(c)o(hannel)g(transfers)g -(are)g(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(in)g(groups)g(of)g(four,)g(except)i(p)q(erhaps)f(for)f -(the)0 345 y(\014rst)18 b(or)e(last)h(group)g(in)f(a)g(blo)q(c)o(k.)27 -b(Except)18 b(with)e(an)h(MF20)f(memory)m(,)e(the)k(pro)q(cessor)g(further)g -(increases)g(the)0 394 y(sp)q(eed)e(of)e(memory)e(op)q(eration)i(b)o(y)g(o)o -(v)o(erlapping)g(memory)e(cycles:)20 b(it)14 b(can)h(start)g(one)g(mo)q(dule) -e(to)h(read)h(a)f(w)o(ord)0 444 y(b)q(efore)f(receiving)f(a)g(w)o(ord)g -(previously)g(requested)j(from)10 b(a)i(di\013eren)o(t)h(one.)18 -b(Suc)o(h)12 b(sp)q(eedup)i(is)e(unnecessary)i(with)0 494 y(an)e(MF20)g -(memory)e(b)q(ecause)k(it)e(is)g(four)g(w)o(ords)g(wide.)18 -b(Of)12 b(course)h(fast)g(memory)c(and)k(the)f(cac)o(he)i(ha)o(v)o(e)e(no)g -(basic)0 544 y(cycle;)i(with)g(them)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(reads)f(or)f -(writes)g(a)g(w)o(ord)g(directly)m(.)0 629 y(F)m(rom)d(the)j(simple)d(hardw)o -(are)j(addressing)f(p)q(oin)o(t)g(of)f(view,)h(the)g(en)o(tire)h(ph)o(ysical) -e(memory)f(is)i(a)f(set)i(of)e(lo)q(cations)0 679 y(whose)20 -b(addresses)i(range)e(from)d(zero)k(to)e(a)g(maxim)o(um)c(dep)q(enden)o(t)21 -b(up)q(on)f(the)g(capacit)o(y)f(of)g(the)h(particular)0 729 -y(installation.)15 b(In)c(a)g(system)g(with)f(the)i(greatest)g(p)q(ossible)f -(capacit)o(y)m(,)g(the)g(largest)g(address)i(is)e(17777777)d(\(decimal)0 -779 y(4,194,303\).)14 b(The)d(whole)g(memory)d(w)o(ould)h(usually)h(b)q(e)h -(made)e(up)i(of)f(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(storage)h(mo)q(dules)e(of)h -(di\013eren)o(t)0 829 y(capacities.)18 b(Hence,)13 b(a)f(giv)o(en)f(address)j -(actually)d(selects)j(a)d(particular)h(mo)q(dule)f(and)g(a)h(sp)q(eci\014c)i -(lo)q(cation)d(within)0 878 y(it.)17 b(F)m(or)12 b(a)h(64K)f(mo)q(dule)f -(with)i(22{bit)e(addressing,)i(the)g(high{order)g(six)f(address)i(bits)f -(select)h(the)f(mo)q(dule,)e(and)0 928 y(the)k(remaining)d(sixteen)k(bits)e -(address)i(a)e(single)g(lo)q(cation)g(in)g(it;)g(selecting)h(a)f(32K)g -(memory)e(tak)o(es)j(sev)o(en)g(bits,)0 978 y(lea)o(ving)f(\014fteen)i(for)f -(the)h(lo)q(cation.)21 b(The)15 b(times)g(giv)o(en)f(b)q(elo)o(w)h(assume)g -(the)h(addressed)h(memory)c(is)i(idle)f(when)0 1028 y(access)g(is)e -(requested.)19 b(The)13 b(pro)q(cessor)h(can)e(a)o(v)o(oid)f(w)o(aiting)g -(for)g(its)h(o)o(wn)g(previously)g(requested)i(memory)c(cycles)0 -1078 y(to)16 b(end)h(b)o(y)g(making)d(consecutiv)o(e)j(requests)i(to)d -(di\013eren)o(t)i(storage)e(mo)q(dules.)25 b(With)16 b(an)g(MF20)g(or)h(an)f -(MG20)0 1127 y(memory)m(,)g(almost)g(all)h(transfers)i(are)g(of)f(four)f(w)o -(ords)i(at)f(a)g(time,)f(so)h(there)i(is)e(seldom)f(an)o(y)h(con\015ict)g -(among)0 1177 y(requests.)26 b(With)15 b(other)h(memories,)e(and)i(pro)o -(vided)g(a)f(cac)o(he)i(is)f(in)f(use,)i(ordering)f(requests)h(among)d(mo)q -(dules)0 1227 y(can)g(b)q(e)h(guaran)o(teed)f(b)o(y)g(in)o(terlea)o(ving)f -(them)g(in)h(sets)h(of)e(four)h(in)f(suc)o(h)i(a)f(w)o(a)o(y)f(that)h -(requests)i(for)e(the)g(w)o(ords)g(in)0 1277 y(a)i(group)g(are)h(cycled)g -(through)g(the)g(four)f(mo)q(dules)f(in)h(the)h(set.)26 b(In)o(terlea)o(ving) -16 b(is)g(e\013ected)j(b)o(y)d(assigning)f(four)0 1327 y(mo)q(dules,)g(eac)o -(h)h(of)f Fw(n)20 b FB(lo)q(cations,)15 b(to)g(the)i(same)e(4)p -Fr(n)p FB({lo)q(cation)f(area)i(of)f(the)i(address)g(space,)g(and)e(setting)h -(eac)o(h)0 1377 y(mo)q(dule)f(to)i(resp)q(ond)h(only)d(to)i(one)g(request)h -(out)f(of)f(the)h(four)g(in)f(a)g(group.)26 b(Hence,)19 b(within)d(the)h(giv) -o(en)f(area,)0 1426 y(all)d(addresses)j(ending)e(in)g(0)g(or)g(4)g(are)h(lo)q -(cations)f(in)f(one)i(mo)q(dule,)d(those)j(ending)f(in)g(1)g(or)g(5)g(are)h -(lo)q(cations)e(in)h(a)0 1476 y(second,)i(and)e(so)h(forth.)20 -b(Some)14 b(of)g(the)i(earlier)e(mo)q(dules)g(can)h(b)q(e)g(in)o(terlea)o(v)o -(ed)g(only)f(in)h(pairs,)f(whic)o(h)h(is)f(not)h(as)0 1526 -y(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(but)f(is)g(w)o(orth)o(while.)j(Without)c(a)g(cac)o(he,)i -(in)o(terlea)o(ving)d(is)i(not)g(as)f(e\013ectiv)o(e,)i(but)f(it)f(is)h -(still)f(advisable)0 1576 y(since)g(the)g(program)e(is)h(sequen)o(tial.)18 -b(Without)12 b(in)o(terlea)o(ving)f(or)i(a)f(cac)o(he,)h(some)e(alternation)h -(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(mo)q(dules)0 1626 y(is)f(pro)q(duced)i(b)o(y)e(k)o -(eeping)g(instructions)h(in)f(one)h(and)f(op)q(erands)h(in)f(another.)18 -b(In)o(terlea)o(ving,)13 b(assigning)f(mo)q(dule)0 1675 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)f -(and)g(so)h(forth,)f(are)h(done)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(program)e(for)h(in)o(ternal)g -(memories)e(but)j(b)o(y)f(man)o(ual)e(switc)o(h)j(settings)0 -1725 y(for)i(external)g(memories.)i(Complete)d(information)e(is)i(giv)o(en)h -(in)f(App)q(endix)h(G.3.)0 1811 y(The)j(only)e(ph)o(ysical)h(lo)q(cations)f -(uniquely)h(de\014ned)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(hardw)o(are)g(are)f(those)h(in)f(fast)g -(memory)m(,)d(lo)q(cations)0 1861 y(0{17.)k(All)d(other)g(hardw)o -(are{de\014ned)i(addresses)g(are)e(relativ)o(e)g(to)g(pages,)g(suc)o(h)h(as)f -(the)h(pro)q(cess)g(tables,)f(whose)0 1910 y(ph)o(ysical)f(lo)q(cations)g -(are)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(Monitor.)j(Ph)o(ysical)c(memory)e(in)i -(a)g(system)g(is)g(a)g(constan)o(t)h(unless)g(a)0 1960 y(storage)i(mo)q(dule) -e(is)h(actually)g(added)h(or)f(remo)o(v)o(ed.)23 b(The)16 b(virtual)e -(address)j(space)g(accessible)g(to)e(a)g(particular)0 2010 -y(program)f(is)i(en)o(tirely)g(a)g(function)f(of)g(the)i(w)o(a)o(y)e(in)g -(whic)o(h)h(the)h(Monitor)e(sets)i(up)f(user)h(op)q(erating)f(conditions,)0 -2060 y(except)f(that)f(an)o(y)g(space)h(and)e(an)o(y)h(restrictions)h(m)o -(ust)e(encompass)g(an)h(in)o(tegral)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)h(pages.)0 -2212 y Fx(1.2.3)55 b(Memory)17 b(Characteristics)0 2324 y FB(T)m(able)g(1.1)h -(giv)o(es)g(the)h(c)o(haracteristics)h(of)d(the)i(v)n(arious)e(memories)g -(for)g(the)i(t)o(w)o(o)f(t)o(yp)q(es)h(of)f(KL10)g(pro)q(cessor.)0 -2374 y(Times)13 b(are)h(in)g(microseconds,)f(and)h(for)g(external)h(memories) -c(they)k(include)f(the)h(dela)o(y)e(in)o(tro)q(duced)i(b)o(y)f(10)f(feet)0 -2424 y(\(3)h(meters\))h(of)e(cable.)20 b(Read)14 b(access)i(for)e(a)g(single) -g(w)o(ord)g(or)g(the)h(\014rst)g(w)o(ord)f(in)g(a)g(group)g(is)g(the)h(time)e -(from)f(the)0 2474 y(request)h(un)o(til)e(the)i(w)o(ord)e(is)h(in)f(AR.)g(F)m -(or)h(an)f(en)o(tire)i(4{w)o(ord)e(group,)h(read)g(access)h(is)f(the)g(time)f -(from)f(the)i(request)0 2523 y(un)o(til)k(the)i(last)e(w)o(ord)h(is)g(in)g -(the)g(cac)o(he.)29 b(W)m(rite)16 b(access)j(is)e(the)g(time)f(from)f(the)j -(request)g(un)o(til)f(the)g(pro)q(cessor)0 2573 y(receiv)o(es)e(the)f(memory) -d(ac)o(kno)o(wledgmen)o(t,)h(for)h(either)h(the)g(\014rst)g(w)o(ord)g(or)f -(the)h(fourth.)k(Except)d(for)e(the)h(MF20,)0 2623 y(these)k(\014gures)f -(de\014ne)h(the)f(system)f(access)i(rates)g(for)e(storage)h(mo)q(dules)e -(with)h(4{w)o(a)o(y)f(in)o(terlea)o(ving,)h(since)h(all)p eop -%%Page: 19 55 -19 54 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.2.)31 b(KL10{BASED)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OR)o(GANIZA)m(TION) -863 b FB(19)546 334 y Fx(T)-5 b(able)19 b(1.1:)24 b(KL10)18 -b(Memory)f(Characteristics)672 468 y Fc(Physic)n(al)h(Char)n(acteristics)721 -554 y(Numb)n(er)f(of)h(Mo)n(dules)370 b(Size)239 621 y FB(MF10)14 -b(Core)g(Memory)362 b(1)238 b(32K,)13 b(64K)239 671 y(MG10)g(Core)i(Memory) -356 b(2)238 b(64K,)13 b(128K)239 721 y(MH10)h(Core)g(Memory)358 -b(2)238 b(128K,)13 b(256K)239 771 y(MA20)h(Core)g(Memory)358 -b(4,)13 b(8)192 b(64K,)13 b(128K)239 821 y(MB20)h(Core)g(Memory)360 -b(4,)13 b(8)192 b(128K,)13 b(256K)239 871 y(MF20)h(MOS)g(Memory)354 -b(1)238 b(256K)239 920 y(MG20)13 b(MOS)h(Memory)349 b(1)238 -b(1024K)239 970 y(KL10)14 b(F)m(ast)g(Memory)636 b(16)13 b([)p -Fz(\002)p FB(8)h(sets])239 1020 y(KL10)g(Cac)o(he)769 b(0)13 -b(or)h(2K)g(\(MCA20\))g(or)g(4K)g(\(MCA25\))768 1159 y Fc(Extende)n(d)k(Pr)n -(o)n(c)n(essor)e(Timing)801 1245 y Fw(First)e(or)g(Single{Wor)n(d)i(A)n(c)n -(c)n(ess)130 b(F)m(our{Wor)n(d)15 b(A)n(c)n(c)n(ess)904 1295 -y(R)n(e)n(ad)130 b(Write)265 b(R)n(e)n(ad)80 b(Write)317 1380 -y FB(MF10)13 b(Core)i(Memory)220 b(1.)o(493)124 b(1.084)276 -b(2.227)68 b(1.)o(484)317 1430 y(MG10)13 b(Core)h(Memory)215 -b(1.)o(553)124 b(1.134)276 b(2.287)68 b(1.)o(534)317 1480 y(MH10)13 -b(Core)i(Memory)216 b(1.)o(633)124 b(1.134)276 b(2.367)68 b(1.)o(534)317 -1530 y(MA20)13 b(Core)i(Memory)237 b(.)o(883)145 b(.40)297 -b(1.467)68 b(1.)o(60)317 1580 y(MB20)14 b(Core)g(Memory)218 -b(1.)o(017)145 b(.40)297 b(1.60)89 b(1.)o(60)317 1629 y(MF20)13 -b(MOS)i(Memory)233 b(.)o(800)145 b(.267)276 b(1.40)110 b(.)o(667)317 -1679 y(MG20)13 b(MOS)h(Memory)228 b(.)o(550)145 b(.160)276 -b(1.10)110 b(.)o(550)317 1729 y(KL10)14 b(F)m(ast)f(Memory)257 -b(.)o(067)145 b(.067)317 1779 y(KL10)14 b(Cac)o(he)389 b(.)o(133)145 -b(.133)714 1918 y Fc(Single{se)n(ction)20 b(Pr)n(o)n(c)n(essor)c(Timing)801 -2004 y Fw(First)e(or)g(Single{Wor)n(d)i(A)n(c)n(c)n(ess)130 -b(F)m(our{Wor)n(d)15 b(A)n(c)n(c)n(ess)904 2053 y(R)n(e)n(ad)130 -b(Write)265 b(R)n(e)n(ad)80 b(Write)317 2139 y FB(MF10)13 b(Core)i(Memory)220 -b(1.)o(627)124 b(1.217)276 b(2.507)68 b(1.)o(697)317 2189 y(MG10)13 -b(Core)h(Memory)215 b(1.)o(687)124 b(1.267)276 b(2.567)68 b(1.)o(747)317 -2239 y(MH10)13 b(Core)i(Memory)216 b(1.)o(767)124 b(1.267)276 -b(2.647)68 b(1.)o(747)317 2288 y(MA20)13 b(Core)i(Memory)216 -b(1.)o(06)166 b(.48)297 b(1.76)89 b(1.)o(92)317 2338 y(MB20)14 -b(Core)g(Memory)218 b(1.)o(22)166 b(.48)297 b(1.92)89 b(1.)o(92)317 -2388 y(KL10)14 b(F)m(ast)f(Memory)257 b(.)o(080)145 b(.080)317 -2438 y(KL10)14 b(Cac)o(he)389 b(.)o(160)145 b(.160)p eop -%%Page: 20 56 -20 55 bop 0 50 a FB(20)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)0 -195 y FB(memory)14 b(op)q(erations)i(are)h(absorb)q(ed)g(within)e(them:)22 -b(b)o(y)16 b(the)g(time)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(receiv)o(es)g(the)e(data)g(or) -g(the)0 245 y(ac)o(kno)o(wledgmen)o(t,)e(it)h(can)h(mak)o(e)f(a)g(new)h -(request,)h(for)f(whic)o(h)f(the)i(memory)c(will)h(b)q(e)i(ready)m(.)24 -b(Sizes)16 b(giv)o(en)g(are)0 295 y(those)g(in)f(whic)o(h)h(the)g(units)g -(are)g(a)o(v)n(ailable.)21 b(Note)16 b(that)f(in)o(terlea)o(ving)g(dep)q -(ends)i(on)e(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)f(mo)q(dules,)0 345 -y(not)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(units,)h(most)e(of)i(whic)o(h)f(con)o -(tain)h(more)e(than)i(one)g(mo)q(dule.)k(Hence,)d(4{w)o(a)o(y)e(in)o(terlea)o -(ving)0 394 y(can)h(b)q(e)h(done)g(with)f(a)f(single)h(MA20)g(or)g(MB20)g -(memory)m(,)e(whereas)j(it)f(requires)h(t)o(w)o(o)f(MH10s)g(or)g(MG10s)g(and) -0 444 y(four)f(MF10s.)0 530 y(With)20 b(MF20)g(memories,)g(there)i(is)e(only) -g(one)h(mo)q(dule)e(p)q(er)j(unit)e(and)h(in)o(terlea)o(ving)e(is)i(not)f -(used.)39 b(\(Eac)o(h)0 580 y(con)o(troller)16 b(can)h(handle)f(three)i -(units)e(or)h(\\groups".\))25 b(The)17 b(times)e(giv)o(en)h(in)g(the)h(table) -f(are)h(the)g(actual)f(times)0 629 y(the)e(pro)q(cessor)i(m)o(ust)d(w)o(ait)g -(to)g(get)h(data)f(or)h(an)g(ac)o(kno)o(wledgemen)o(t,)e(except)j(that)f -(hitting)f(a)g(refresh)i(cycle)g(can)0 679 y(cause)i(a)e(dela)o(y)g(of)h(up)f -(to)h(533)f(ns)h(\(refreshing)h(requires)g(ab)q(out)e(3.5\045)g(of)g(total)g -(memory)e(time\).)22 b(F)m(ollo)o(wing)13 b(a)0 729 y(read,)g(the)g(pro)q -(cessor)h(can)e(mak)o(e)f(another)i(request)h(imm)o(ediately)m(.)g(F)m(ollo)o -(wing)c(a)i(write,)g(it)g(m)o(ust)g(w)o(ait)f(from)g(467)0 -779 y(to)17 b(867)f(ns)h(b)q(efore)h(another)g(request)g(can)g(b)q(e)f -(handled)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(same)g(con)o(troller.)27 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)18 -b(since)g(a)e(single)0 829 y(MF20)d(handles)i(four)e(w)o(ords)h(at)g(once,)g -(one)g(request)i(follo)o(wing)11 b(another)j(within)f(that)h(time)f(is)h -(unlik)o(ely)m(.)0 914 y(F)m(ast)e(memory)e(times)h(are)i(for)f(referencing)i -(a)e(memory)d(lo)q(cation)j(for)g(an)g(op)q(erand;)h(a)f(fast)g(memory)e -(instruction)0 964 y(fetc)o(h)k(tak)o(es)f(sligh)o(tly)f(more)g(time)f(than)i -(a)g(cac)o(he)h(access.)20 b(When)13 b(a)g(fast)g(memory)d(lo)q(cation)i(is)h -(addressed)i(as)e(an)0 1014 y(accum)o(ulator)g(or)i(index)g(register,)g(the)h -(access)g(time)d(is)i(considerably)g(shorter)h(and)e(usually)g(tak)o(es)h(no) -g(time)e(at)0 1064 y(all,)f(as)i(it)g(is)f(done)i(in)e(parallel)g(with)g -(instruction)h(op)q(erations)h(that)f(are)g(required)h(an)o(yw)o(a)o(y)m(.)0 -1149 y(The)h(MF20)g(and)f(MG20)g(ha)o(v)o(e)h(a)f(7{bit)g(error)i(correction) -f(co)q(de;)h(all)e(other)h(units)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(only)f(a)g(single)g(parit)o -(y)0 1199 y(bit.)j(The)c(MF20)g(and)f(MG20)g(also)g(ha)o(v)o(e)h(a)g(spare)h -(bit)e(that)h(can)g(b)q(e)h(substituted)g(for)e(a)h(kno)o(wn)f(bad)h(bit.)0 -1370 y Fs(1.3)70 b(KS10{based)24 b(System)c(Organization)0 -1497 y FB(Figure)13 b(1.6)e(and)h(Figure)h(1.7)f(sho)o(w)g(the)h -(organization)f(of)f(the)j(DECSYSTEM{2020)d(and)i(the)g(KS10)f(pro)q(cessor)0 -1547 y(used)k(in)f(it.)21 b(The)15 b(o)o(v)o(erall)f(system)h(\(Figure)h -(1.6\))e(comprises)h(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(ma)r(jor)g(units)h(or)g -(subsystems)h(that)0 1597 y(comm)o(unicate)e(with)i(one)g(another)h(o)o(v)o -(er)f(a)g(bus)g(built)g(in)o(to)f(the)i(bac)o(kplane.)25 b(The)17 -b(minim)o(al)12 b(system)k(has)h(\014v)o(e)0 1646 y(subsystems:)i(pro)q -(cessor,)c(MOS)f(storage,)g(console,)g(and)f(t)o(w)o(o)h(in{out)f -(subsystems,)h(eac)o(h)g(based)h(on)f(a)f(Unibus.)0 1696 y(One)18 -b(Unibus)f(adapter)g(handles)g(the)h(disk)f(system,)g(the)g(second)h(handles) -g(all)d(other)j(p)q(eripheral)f(equipmen)o(t.)0 1746 y(Dep)q(ending)j(on)f -(the)i(device,)g(these)g(adapters)g(can)f(mak)o(e)e(direct)i(access)i(to)e -(storage)g(or)f(request)j(that)d(the)0 1796 y(pro)q(cessor)g(handle)d(the)i -(transfer)g(via)e(the)h(program.)25 b(The)18 b(console,)f(whic)o(h)g(is)f -(based)i(on)e(a)h(micropro)q(cessor,)0 1846 y(b)q(o)q(ots)c(the)h(system)e -(from)g(disk)g(and)h(handles)g(in)o(teraction)g(of)f(the)i(op)q(erator)f(or)g -(a)g(remote)f(diagnostic)g(link)g(with)0 1895 y(the)i(other)h(subsystems.)k -(The)14 b(bac)o(kplane)f(bus)i(and)e(most)g(other)h(full{w)o(ord)f(data)g -(paths)h(are)g(actually)f(thirt)o(y{)0 1945 y(eigh)o(t)g(bits,)f(ha)o(ving)g -(a)h(parit)o(y)f(bit)h(for)f(eac)o(h)i(half)d(w)o(ord.)18 b(The)13 -b(system)g(can)g(run)g(under)h(either)g(the)f(TOPS{20)g(or)0 -1995 y(TOPS{10)h(Monitor.)0 2081 y(Of)k(the)g(elemen)o(ts)f(sho)o(wn)h(in)f -(the)i(pro)q(cessor)g(illustration)d(\(Figure)i(1.7\),)g(only)f(fast)g -(memory)m(,)e(the)k(program)0 2130 y(\015ags,)c(and)g(the)h(program)e(coun)o -(ter)i(PC)g(are)f(directly)h(relev)n(an)o(t)f(to)h(a)f(t)o(ypical)f(user.)23 -b(The)16 b(pro)q(cessor)h(p)q(erforms)0 2180 y(a)c(program)e(b)o(y)i -(executing)h(instructions)g(retriev)o(ed)g(from)d(the)j(memory)d(lo)q -(cations)h(addressed)j(b)o(y)e(PC.)g(F)m(or)f(the)0 2230 y(normal)h(program)h -(sequence,)j(PC)e(is)h(regularly)e(incremen)o(ted)i(b)o(y)f(one)g(so)h(that)f -(instructions)h(are)f(tak)o(en)h(from)0 2280 y(consecutiv)o(e)j(lo)q -(cations.)28 b(Sequen)o(tial)18 b(program)e(\015o)o(w)h(is)g(altered)h(b)o(y) -f(c)o(hanging)g(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(PC,)g(either)0 -2330 y(b)o(y)f(incremen)o(ting)g(it)g(an)h(extra)g(time)e(in)h(a)g(skip)h -(instruction)g(or)f(b)o(y)h(replacing)f(its)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(with)f(the)i -(v)n(alue)0 2380 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)d(a)h(jump)e(instruction.)28 -b(Throughout)17 b(the)h(text)f(the)h(phrase)g(\\jump)d(to)i(lo)q(cation)f -Fw(n)s FB(")h(means)f(to)0 2429 y(load)h(the)i(v)n(alue)f Fw(n)j -FB(in)o(to)d(PC)g(and)g(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(p)q(erforming)d(instructions)j(in)f -(the)h(normal)d(coun)o(ting)i(sequence)0 2479 y(b)q(eginning)12 -b(at)g(the)g(lo)q(cation)g(then)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(PC.)g(Ph)o -(ysically)f(PC)i(is)f(not)g(a)g(coun)o(ter)h(at)f(all|it)e(is)i(a)g(register) -0 2529 y(in)j(the)g(register)i(\014le)e(\(describ)q(ed)i(b)q(elo)o(w\).)22 -b(This)15 b(register)h(just)f(holds)g(the)h(program)d(address,)k(and)e(the)g -(actual)0 2579 y(coun)o(ting)d(is)h(done)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(arithmetic)f(logic,) -f(whic)o(h)i(wraps)g(the)g(coun)o(t)h(around)e(in)h(eigh)o(teen)g(bits)g(b)q -(ecause)h(the)0 2629 y(virtual)d(space)j(is)e(limited)e(to)i(section)h(zero.) -19 b(Addresses)c(from)10 b(PC,)i(or)h(calculated)f(b)o(y)g(the)h(arithmetic)e -(logic,)g(go)p eop -%%Page: 21 57 -21 56 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.3.)31 b(KS10{BASED)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OR)o(GANIZA)m(TION) -866 b FB(21)659 654 y Fx(Figure)18 b(1.6:)24 b(DECSYSTEM{2020)150 -2195 y Fn(HRMF-KS10SYS2)o(0.TEX)p 187 815 1570 4 v 790 786 -a Fu(KS10)13 b(Backplane)j(Bus)p 187 740 V 186 851 4 38 v 186 -739 V 1755 851 V 1755 739 V 1773 776 a Fl(A)1756 743 y(A)1773 -818 y(\001)1756 851 y(\001)150 776 y(\001)167 743 y(\001)150 -818 y(A)167 851 y(A)p 312 1861 1321 4 v 898 1837 a Fu(UNIBUS)p -312 1786 V 310 1897 4 38 v 310 1785 V 1630 1897 V 1630 1785 -V 1649 1822 a Fl(A)1632 1789 y(A)1649 1864 y(\001)1632 1897 -y(\001)275 1822 y(\001)291 1789 y(\001)275 1864 y(A)291 1897 -y(A)p 310 2121 4 125 v 312 2123 299 4 v 609 2121 4 125 v 312 -1998 299 4 v 418 2069 a Fu(T)m(ap)q(e)p 316 2127 V 613 2125 -4 125 v 460 1996 4 137 v 461 1901 a Fl(6)461 1996 y(?)p 651 -2121 4 125 v 652 2123 299 4 v 950 2121 4 125 v 652 1998 299 -4 v 766 2052 a Fu(Line)742 2094 y(Printer)p 656 2127 V 954 -2125 4 125 v 800 1996 4 137 v 802 1901 a Fl(6)802 1996 y(?)p -991 2121 4 125 v 993 2123 299 4 v 1290 2121 4 125 v 993 1998 -299 4 v 998 2048 a Fu(Communications)1050 2090 y(Subsystem)p -997 2127 V 1294 2125 4 125 v 1140 1996 4 137 v 1142 1901 a -Fl(6)1142 1996 y(?)p 1331 2121 4 125 v 1333 2123 299 4 v 1630 -2121 4 125 v 1333 1998 299 4 v 1442 2052 a Fu(Ca)o(rd)1423 -2094 y(Reader)p 1337 2127 V 1634 2125 4 125 v 1481 1996 4 137 -v 1483 1901 a Fl(6)1483 1996 y(?)p 700 1523 4 150 v 702 1525 -250 4 v 950 1523 4 150 v 702 1375 250 4 v 749 1438 a Fu(Op)q(erato)o(r)751 -1488 y(T)m(erminal)p 706 1529 V 954 1527 4 150 v 887 1374 V -889 1266 a Fl(6)889 1374 y(?)p 991 1523 V 993 1525 250 4 v -1240 1523 4 150 v 993 1375 250 4 v 1051 1418 a Fu(Remote)1026 -1459 y(Diagnostic)1080 1508 y(Link)p 997 1529 V 1244 1527 4 -150 v 1053 1374 V 1055 1266 a Fl(6)1055 1374 y(?)p 148 1635 -4 250 v 150 1637 299 4 v 447 1635 4 250 v 150 1388 299 4 v -225 1480 a Fu(UNIBUS)261 1521 y(Disk)237 1562 y(System)p 154 -1641 V 451 1639 4 250 v 298 1386 4 162 v 299 1266 a Fl(6)299 -1386 y(?)p 148 1224 4 250 v 150 1226 299 4 v 447 1224 4 250 -v 150 977 299 4 v 260 1048 a Fu(First)225 1090 y(UNIBUS)230 -1131 y(Adapter)245 1180 y(18{bit)p 154 1230 V 451 1229 4 250 -v 298 975 4 162 v 299 855 a Fl(6)299 975 y(?)p 485 1224 4 250 -v 486 1226 299 4 v 783 1224 4 250 v 486 977 299 4 v 574 1048 -a Fu(Second)561 1090 y(UNIBUS)567 1131 y(Adapter)530 1180 y(8{)d(o)o(r)h -(16{bit)p 490 1230 V 788 1229 4 250 v 634 975 4 162 v 636 855 -a Fl(6)636 975 y(?)p 634 1785 4 561 v 636 1785 a(?)636 1266 -y(6)p 821 1224 4 250 v 822 1226 299 4 v 1120 1224 4 250 v 822 -977 299 4 v 905 1087 a Fu(Console)914 1131 y(\(8080\))p 827 -1230 V 1124 1229 4 250 v 970 975 4 162 v 972 855 a Fl(6)972 -975 y(?)p 1157 1224 4 250 v 1159 1226 299 4 v 1456 1224 4 250 -v 1159 977 299 4 v 1226 1114 a Fu(Pro)q(cesso)o(r)p 1163 1230 -V 1460 1229 4 250 v 1306 975 4 162 v 1308 855 a Fl(6)1308 975 -y(?)p 1493 1224 4 250 v 1495 1226 299 4 v 1792 1224 4 250 v -1495 977 299 4 v 1579 1048 a Fu(Sto)o(rage)1559 1098 y(Controller)1569 -1139 y(with)h(2{8)1530 1180 y(64K)e(Mo)q(dules)p 1499 1230 -V 1796 1229 4 250 v 1643 975 4 162 v 1644 855 a Fl(6)1644 975 -y(?)p eop -%%Page: 22 58 -22 57 bop 0 50 a FB(22)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)431 -364 y Fx(Figure)18 b(1.7:)24 b(KS10)19 b(Pro)r(cessor)f(Simpli\014ed)0 -2485 y Fn(HRMF-KS10CPU.TEX)p 413 2453 4 125 v 415 2455 299 -4 v 712 2453 4 125 v 415 2330 299 4 v 513 2405 a Fu(Timer)p -419 2459 V 716 2457 4 125 v 714 2392 117 4 v 789 2390 a Fl(-)p -563 2329 4 108 v 565 2329 a(?)p 833 2221 4 104 v 834 2158 a(6)p -565 2222 270 4 v 829 2453 4 125 v 830 2455 299 4 v 1127 2453 -4 125 v 830 2330 299 4 v 917 2377 a Fu(System)935 2426 y(Flags)p -834 2459 V 1132 2457 4 125 v 1129 2392 117 4 v 1204 2390 a -Fl(-)p 1244 2453 4 125 v 1245 2455 299 4 v 1543 2453 4 125 -v 1245 2330 299 4 v 1331 2377 a Fu(Prio)o(rit)o(y)1318 2426 -y(Interrupt)p 1249 2459 V 1547 2457 4 125 v 1393 2329 4 108 -v 1395 2329 a Fl(?)p 1123 2221 4 104 v 1125 2158 a(6)p 1125 -2222 270 4 v 708 2117 4 636 v 710 2119 540 4 v 1248 2117 4 -636 v 710 1483 540 4 v 844 1719 a Fu(Arithmetic)c(Unit)835 -1797 y(Arithmetic)g(Logic)834 1846 y(and)g(Register)h(File)853 -1898 y(\(PC,)d(AR,)h(etc.\))p 714 2123 V 1252 2121 4 636 v -978 2329 4 212 v 980 2329 a Fl(?)980 2158 y(6)p 833 1482 4 -113 v 834 1411 a(6)834 1482 y(?)p 222 2042 4 125 v 224 2044 -299 4 v 521 2042 4 125 v 224 1919 299 4 v 299 1966 a Fu(Program)329 -2015 y(Flags)p 228 2048 V 526 2046 4 125 v 523 1982 187 4 v -668 1980 a Fl(-)p 523 1982 V -187 w(\033)p 1439 2042 4 125 -v 1440 2044 299 4 v 1738 2042 4 125 v 1440 1919 299 4 v 1540 -1974 a Fu(Micro)1504 2015 y(Controller)p 1445 2048 V 1742 2046 -4 125 v 1249 1982 191 4 v 1399 1980 a Fl(-)p 1249 1982 V -192 -w(\033)p 1381 1706 4 125 v 1382 1708 416 4 v 1796 1706 4 125 -v 1382 1583 416 4 v 1571 1658 a Fu(IR)p 1386 1712 V 1800 1710 -4 125 v 1752 1694 a Fi(18)p 1249 1645 133 4 v 1341 1643 a Fl(-)p -1588 1581 4 453 v 971 1131 619 4 v 971 1129 a(\033)p -2 1370 -4 150 v 0 1371 436 4 v 434 1370 4 150 v 0 1222 436 4 v 172 -1309 a Fu(VMA)p 4 1375 V 438 1374 4 150 v 394 1358 a Fi(22)0 -1408 y(14)41 b(17)p 110 1370 4 42 v 7 w(18)244 b(35)p 218 1644 -4 274 v 220 1411 a Fl(6)p 220 1645 490 4 v 668 1643 a(-)p 148 -1220 4 113 v 149 1150 a(6)p 389 1220 4 92 v 390 1131 125 4 -v 473 1129 a(-)p 521 1370 4 486 v 523 1371 449 4 v 970 1370 -4 486 v 523 886 449 4 v 527 1375 V 974 1374 4 486 v 664 936 -a Fu(RAM)14 b(File)p 635 1321 291 4 v 633 1320 4 374 v 635 -948 291 4 v 924 1320 4 374 v 561 976 a Fi(1777)561 1064 y(1000)p -635 1077 291 4 v 728 1005 a Fu(Cache)749 1045 y(512)577 1105 -y Fi(777)577 1192 y(200)p 635 1205 V 687 1119 a Fu(W)o(o)o(rkspace)749 -1167 y(384)577 1234 y Fi(177)610 1308 y(0)666 1252 y Fu(F)o(ast)g(Memo)o(ry) -749 1300 y(128)831 1357 y Fi(1K)e Ff(\002)f Fi(38)p -2 1108 -4 125 v 0 1110 299 4 v 297 1108 4 125 v 0 985 299 4 v 100 1056 -a Fu(P)o(ager)p 4 1114 V 301 1112 4 125 v 455 772 V 457 774 -299 4 v 754 772 4 125 v 457 649 299 4 v 574 703 a(Bus)501 745 -y(T)m(ransceivers)p 461 778 V 758 776 4 125 v 148 984 4 295 -v 149 691 308 4 v 415 689 a Fl(-)p 343 1220 4 490 v 345 732 -113 4 v 415 730 a(-)p 1123 1482 4 773 v 1125 1482 a(?)p 756 -711 370 4 v 756 709 a(\033)p 604 647 4 113 v 606 577 a(6)606 -647 y(?)p 191 537 831 4 v 424 508 a Fu(KS10)i(Backplane)j(Bus)p -191 462 V 189 573 4 38 v 189 461 V 1020 573 V 1020 461 V 1038 -498 a Fl(A)1021 465 y(A)1038 539 y(\001)1021 573 y(\001)154 -498 y(\001)170 465 y(\001)154 539 y(A)170 573 y(A)p eop -%%Page: 23 59 -23 58 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.3.)31 b(KS10{BASED)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OR)o(GANIZA)m(TION) -866 b FB(23)150 195 y(to)13 b(the)h(virtual)f(memory)e(address)k(register)f -(VMA.)g(Eac)o(h)f(virtual)g(storage)h(address)h(from)c(VMA)j(is)f(translated) -150 245 y(b)o(y)k(the)i(pager)e(to)h(a)f(20{bit)g(ph)o(ysical)g(address)i -(that)e(is)h(supplied)f(to)h(the)g(storage)g(subsystem)g(via)f(the)h(bus.)150 -295 y(VMA)d(actually)f(has)g(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y{t)o(w)o(o)g(bits,)h(for)f -(handling)f(b)q(oth)i(ph)o(ysical)f(storage)h(addresses)i(and)e(addresses)h -(for)150 345 y(other)f(t)o(yp)q(es)h(of)d(bus)i(transactions,)g(suc)o(h)g(as) -g(those)g(to)g(the)g(console,)f(to)h(in{out)e(equipmen)o(t,)h(and)g(to)g -(memory)150 394 y(status.)150 480 y(Eac)o(h)i(instruction)h(retriev)o(ed)g -(from)d(memory)g(con)o(tains)i(information)d(iden)o(tifying)h(the)j(op)q -(erands)g(and)f(an)g(in-)150 530 y(struction)d(co)q(de)h(sp)q(ecifying)e(the) -i(op)q(eration)e(to)h(b)q(e)g(p)q(erformed)f(using)g(those)i(op)q(erands.)k -(The)13 b(co)q(de)h(go)q(es)f(to)f(the)150 580 y(instruction)i(register)g -(IR,)e(from)g(whic)o(h)h(it)g(is)g(deco)q(ded)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(micro)q(con)o -(troller,)e(whic)o(h)h(in)g(turn)h(p)q(erforms)e(the)150 629 -y(instruction)f(b)o(y)f(manipulating)d(all)i(of)g(the)i(other)g(pro)q(cessor) -h(elemen)o(ts)e(and)g(making)e(the)j(necessary)h(requests)g(for)150 -679 y(bus)i(transactions.)k(The)13 b(micro)q(con)o(troller)f(also)h(executes) -i(the)f(more)e(fundamen)o(tal)f(op)q(erations)i(of)g(sequencing)150 -729 y(the)j(program,)d(handling)h(paging)g(op)q(erations)h(b)q(ey)o(ond)g -(the)h(basic)f(address)h(translation)f(made)f(b)o(y)h(the)g(pager,)150 -779 y(pro)q(cessing)j(in)o(terrupts,)h(and)e(so)g(forth.)27 -b(\(Not)17 b(sho)o(wn)g(in)g(the)g(illustration)f(is)h(a)f(m)o(ultitude)g(of) -g(con)o(trol)h(lines)150 829 y(emanating)d(from)g(the)j(micro)q(con)o -(troller)d(and)i(extending)g(throughout)g(the)h(mac)o(hine.\))23 -b(The)16 b(micro)q(con)o(troller)150 878 y(op)q(erates)j(from)d(a)h(micro)q -(co)q(de)g(con)o(tained)g(in)h(a)f(con)o(trol)g(store.)30 b(This)17 -b(micro)q(co)q(de)g(b)q(ears)i(the)f(same)f(relation)150 928 -y(to)h(the)h(micro)q(con)o(troller)e(as)h(the)h(program)e(do)q(es)i(to)f(the) -h(pro)q(cessor.)33 b(Micropro)q(cessing)19 b(is)f(in)o(visible)f(to)h(the)150 -978 y(programmer,)c(and)h(he)i(need)f(not)g(b)q(e)h(concerned)g(with)f(the)g -(micro)q(co)q(de)g(except)h(to)f(the)g(exten)o(t)h(of)e(loading)f(it)150 -1028 y(at)g(system)h(initialization.)h(The)f(reader)h(should,)e(ho)o(w)o(ev)o -(er,)g(note)h(an)f(imp)q(ortan)o(t)f(implication)e(of)j(this)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g -(of)150 1078 y(pro)q(cessor)g(implemen)o(tatio)o(n:)g(a)e(single)f(KS10)h -(pro)q(cessor)i(can)e(actually)g(b)q(e)g(an)o(y)g(one)g(of)f(a)h(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)g(of)f(di\013eren)o(t)150 1127 y(pro)q(cessors)k(merely)d(b)o(y)h -(loading)e(di\013eren)o(t)j(micro)q(co)q(des.)150 1213 y(The)k(ma)r(jor)d(w)o -(orking)h(area)i(of)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(is)e(the)h(arithmetic)e(unit.)30 -b(Cen)o(tral)18 b(to)g(this)h(unit)f(is)g(a)f(set)j(of)150 -1263 y(ten)c(4{bit)f(micropro)q(cessor)h(slices,)g(whic)o(h)g(together)h(con) -o(tain)e(the)h(full{w)o(ord)e(arithmetic)h(logic)f(and)i(a)f(\014le)h(of)150 -1313 y(ten)g(registers.)23 b(The)16 b(register)g(\014le)f(includes,)g(b)q -(esides)i(PC,)e(the)h(arithmetic)e(register)i(\(AR\);)e(other)i(asso)q -(ciated)150 1362 y(registers)f(used)f(in)f(manipulating)e(data)i(and)g(p)q -(erforming)f(arithmetic)h(and)g(logical)f(op)q(erations;)h(and)g(registers) -150 1412 y(that)j(con)o(tain)f(system)h(addresses,)i(status)f(information,)c -(and)i(constan)o(ts.)25 b(The)16 b(arithmetic)f(logic)g(includes)h(a)150 -1462 y(full{w)o(ord)9 b(adder,)j(shifter,)g(and)e(mixers.)17 -b(It)11 b(also)f(con)o(tains)h(complete)f(10{bit)g(logic)g(for)h(direct)h -(manipulation)c(of)150 1512 y(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)k(exp)q(onen)o(ts,)i -(standard)g(7{bit)e(b)o(ytes,)i(and)f(for)g(con)o(trolling)f(shifting)g(and)i -(op)q(erations)f(on)g(b)o(ytes)150 1562 y(of)h(other)h(sizes.)20 -b(Multiple{length)14 b(op)q(erands)h(are)g(handled)f(b)o(y)g(separately)h -(manipulating)c(their)k(higher{)f(and)150 1612 y(lo)o(w)o(er{order)d(w)o -(ords)f(using)g(the)h(registers)h(in)e(the)h(\014le.)17 b(Lik)o(e)10 -b(the)h(micro)q(con)o(troller,)f(the)h(arithmetic)e(unit)h(\(except)150 -1661 y(for)16 b(PC\))h(can)g(b)q(e)g(disregarded)g(b)o(y)f(the)i(user.)26 -b(Almost)15 b(all)h(of)g(the)h(op)q(erations)f(necessary)j(for)d(the)h -(execution)150 1711 y(of)e(a)f(program)g(are)h(p)q(erformed)g(in)g(it,)g(but) -g(it)g(nev)o(er)h(retains)f(an)o(y)g(information)d(from)i(one)h(instruction)g -(to)g(the)150 1761 y(next.)27 b(Computations)15 b(either)i(a\013ect)h(con)o -(trol)e(elemen)o(ts)h(suc)o(h)g(as)g(PC)g(and)f(the)h(program)e(\015ags,)i -(or)g(pro)q(duce)150 1811 y(results)c(that)e(are)h(stored)h(and)e(m)o(ust)g -(b)q(e)h(retriev)o(ed)h(if)e(they)h(are)g(to)f(b)q(e)i(used)f(as)g(op)q -(erands)g(in)g(other)g(instructions.)150 1861 y(The)17 b(program)f(\015ags)h -(rep)q(ort)h(conditions)f(of)f(in)o(terest)i(to)f(the)h(programmer,)d(suc)o -(h)j(as)f(arithmetic)f(and)h(stac)o(k)150 1910 y(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w;)12 -b(some)h(of)f(these)i(conditions)f(ma)o(y)e(also)h(b)q(e)i(rep)q(orted)g(via) -e(program)g(traps.)18 b(\(Sev)o(eral)13 b(registers)i(in)d(the)150 -1960 y(\014le)i(do)g(retain)g(information)d(of)i(in)o(terest)i(to)f(the)g -(system)g(programmer,)d(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er.\))150 2046 y(An)19 -b(instruction)f(w)o(ord)h(has)f(only)g(one)h(18{bit)e(address)j(\014eld)e -(for)g(addressing)h(an)o(y)f(lo)q(cation)g(in)g(the)h(virtual)150 -2096 y(space.)31 b(Most)18 b(instructions)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(4{bit)g -(\014elds)h(for)g(addressing)g(the)g(\014rst)h(sixteen)g(memory)c(lo)q -(cations.)150 2145 y(An)o(y)e(instruction)h(that)f(requires)h(a)f(second)i -(op)q(erand)e(has)h(an)f(accum)o(ulator)e(address)k(\014eld)e(whic)o(h)g(can) -h(address)150 2195 y(one)e(of)g(these)h(sixteen)g(lo)q(cations)f(as)g(an)f -(accum)o(ulator;)g(in)h(other)h(w)o(ords,)f(as)g(though)g(it)f(w)o(ere)i(a)f -(result)h(held)f(o)o(v)o(er)150 2245 y(in)h(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(from)c(some) -h(previous)h(instruction.)19 b(\(The)14 b(programmer)e(usually)h(has)h(a)g(c) -o(hoice)g(of)g(whether)150 2295 y(the)h(result)g(of)f(the)h(instruction)f -(will)f(go)h(to)g(the)h(lo)q(cation)e(addressed)k(as)d(an)g(accum)o(ulator,)f -(to)h(that)g(addressed)150 2345 y(b)o(y)h(the)h(18{bit)f(address)h(\014eld,)g -(or)f(to)h(b)q(oth\).)23 b(Ev)o(ery)16 b(instruction)f(has)h(a)f(4{bit)g -(index{register)h(address)h(\014eld)150 2394 y(whic)o(h)11 -b(can)g(address)i(\014fteen)f(of)e(these)j(lo)q(cations)e(for)g(use)h(as)f -(index)g(registers)i(in)d(mo)q(difying)f(a)h(memory)f(address.)150 -2444 y(\(A)14 b(zero)h(index{register)g(address)g(sp)q(eci\014es)h(no)d -(indexing.\))18 b(Although)13 b(all)g(computations)f(on)i(b)q(oth)g(op)q -(erands)150 2494 y(and)d(addresses)j(are)e(p)q(erformed)f(in)g(the)i -(arithmetic)d(unit,)h(the)h(computer)g(actually)e(has)i(sixteen)g(accum)o -(ulators,)150 2544 y(\014fteen)k(of)f(whic)o(h)g(can)g(double)g(as)h(index)f -(registers.)24 b(The)15 b(factor)h(that)f(determines)h(whether)g(one)g(of)e -(the)i(\014rst)150 2594 y(sixteen)d(lo)q(cations)e(in)h(memory)d(is)j(an)g -(accum)o(ulator)f(or)h(an)g(index)g(register)h(is)f(not)g(the)g(information)d -(it)j(con)o(tains)p eop -%%Page: 24 60 -24 59 bop 0 50 a FB(24)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)0 -195 y FB(nor)12 b(ho)o(w)g(its)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(are)f(used,)h(but)f(rather) -h(ho)o(w)f(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(is)h(addressed.)20 b(These)13 -b(\014rst)g(sixteen)f(lo)q(cations)0 245 y(are)h(not)f(actually)f(in)g(the)i -(storage)g(mo)q(dules|they)e(are)h(in)g(a)g(fast)g(memory)d(con)o(tained)j -(in)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor.)19 b(This)0 295 y(allo)o(ws)c(m)o(uc)o(h)g(quic)o -(k)o(er)i(access)h(to)e(these)h(lo)q(cations,)f(whether)i(they)f(are)f -(addressed)i(as)f(accum)o(ulators,)e(index)0 345 y(registers,)k(or)e -(ordinary)g(memory)d(lo)q(cations.)27 b(They)18 b(can)f(ev)o(en)h(b)q(e)f -(addressed)i(from)c(the)j(program)d(coun)o(ter.)0 394 y(Moreo)o(v)o(er)e -(there)h(are)e(actually)g(eigh)o(t)g(of)g(these)h(fast)g(memory)d(blo)q(c)o -(ks)i(\(also)g(referred)i(to)e(as)h(\\A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(ks"\),)g(but)0 -444 y(generally)f(only)g(one)h(is)f(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(to)j(a)f(program)f(at)h -(an)o(y)g(giv)o(en)g(time.)16 b(Blo)q(c)o(k)11 b(7)h(is)f(reserv)o(ed)i(sp)q -(eci\014cally)f(for)f(the)0 494 y(micro)q(co)q(de;)i(the)h(Monitor)g(usually) -f(reserv)o(es)j(blo)q(c)o(k)e(0)f(for)h(itself)f(and)h(assigns)g(the)h -(others)f(to)g(user)h(programs.)0 580 y(A)10 b(feature)i(that)e(sp)q(eeds)i -(up)f(memory)d(access)k(and)e(increases)i(the)f(e\016ciency)h(of)d(storage)i -(mo)q(dule)e(use)i(is)g(a)f(virtual)0 629 y(cac)o(he.)19 b(This)13 -b(facilit)o(y)f(has)i(512)e(lo)q(cations)h(that)h(duplicate)g(the)g(con)o -(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(storage)h(lo)q(cations)f(in)g(curren)o(t)i(use)0 -679 y(in)i(the)i(virtual)e(address)i(space)g(of)e(the)i(program.)28 -b(Ev)o(ery)18 b(time)f(a)g(w)o(ord)h(is)g(read)g(from)e(storage)j(or)e -(written)0 729 y(in)f(storage,)h(it)f(is)h(also)f(written)h(in)f(the)h(cac)o -(he)g(lo)q(cation)f(selected)i(b)o(y)f(the)g(righ)o(t{most)d(nine)j(virtual)f -(address)0 779 y(bits,)h(whic)o(h)g(represen)o(t)i(p)q(osition)d(within)g -(the)i(virtual)e(page.)26 b(Pro)o(vided)17 b(there)i(is)d(no)h(in)o(terv)o -(ening)f(reference)0 829 y(to)f(the)i(same)d(p)q(osition)h(in)g(some)g(other) -h(page,)f(a)h(subsequen)o(t)h(read)f(reference)i(to)d(the)i(same)d(virtual)h -(lo)q(cation)0 878 y(can)f(b)q(e)h(made)e(to)h(the)g(cac)o(he)h(\(referred)h -(to)e(as)g(a)g(\\cac)o(he)h(hit"\))e(instead)i(of)e(going)g(o)o(v)o(er)h(the) -h(bus)f(to)g(storage.)19 b(A)0 928 y(program)12 b(lo)q(op,)h(once)h(read)g -(from)e(storage)i(and)g(then)g(residen)o(t)h(in)e(the)i(cac)o(he,)f(ma)o(y)e -(b)q(e)i(executed)i(h)o(undreds)f(of)0 978 y(times)g(without)g(further)h -(instruction)g(fetc)o(hes)h(from)d(storage;)i(and)g(data)f(pro)q(duced)i(b)o -(y)e(the)i(program)d(can)h(b)q(e)0 1028 y(retriev)o(ed)f(without)f(requiring) -g(bus)g(transactions.)18 b(T)m(o)13 b(a)f(great)i(exten)o(t)g(the)f(cac)o(he) -h(is)f(also)f(in)o(visible.)17 b(A)c(t)o(ypical)0 1078 y(program)e(simply)f -(mak)o(es)i(memory)e(references;)15 b(the)f(more)d(of)h(these)i(in)e(whic)o -(h)h(a)f(w)o(ord)g(is)h(read)g(from)e(the)i(cac)o(he)0 1127 -y(instead)f(of)g(storage,)g(the)g(b)q(etter.)19 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)13 -b(a)e(program)g(that)h(tends)h(to)f(settle)h(in)e(one)h(virtual)f(page)h(at)g -(a)g(time,)0 1177 y(instead)k(of)f(alternating)g(references)k(among)13 -b(a)j(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(pages,)h(will)e(main)o(tain)f(a)i(m)o(uc)o(h)g -(higher)h(cac)o(he)g(hit)0 1227 y(rate,)e(sa)o(ving)f(considerable)i(time.)0 -1313 y(F)m(ast)g(memory)e(and)h(the)i(cac)o(he)g(are)g(con)o(tained)f(resp)q -(ectiv)o(ely)h(in)f(the)h(b)q(ottom)d(128)i(and)g(top)g(512)f(lo)q(cations)g -(in)0 1362 y(a)h(RAM)g(\014le)g(in)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor.)25 -b(The)15 b(remaining)f(384)g(lo)q(cations)h(are)h(a)f(w)o(orkspace)h(used)g -(b)o(y)f(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)0 1412 y(as)h(a)h(scratc)o(h)g(pad)g(and)f -(for)g(handy)g(storage)h(of)f(v)n(arious)f(system)i(quan)o(tities)f(and)g -(constan)o(ts)h(that)g(exp)q(edite)0 1462 y(the)d(execution)h(of)e(the)h -(more)f(complicated)g(instructions.)21 b(Also)14 b(included)h(within)f(the)i -(pro)q(cessor)g(are)f(sev)o(eral)0 1512 y(elemen)o(ts,)e(suc)o(h)i(as)f(the)h -(pager)f(already)g(men)o(tioned,)f(that)h(are)g(similar)e(to)i(external)g -(con)o(trollers)h(in)e(that)h(they)0 1562 y(op)q(erate)19 b(indep)q(enden)o -(tly)g(of)f(the)h(program)e(but)i(are)f(con)o(trolled)g(b)o(y)h(it.)31 -b(The)18 b(timer)g(pro)o(vides)g(a)g(time)f(base)0 1612 y(and)c(an)h(in)o -(terv)n(al)e(coun)o(ter.)19 b(By)14 b(means)e(of)h(the)h(system)f(\015ags,)g -(the)i(program)c(can)j(monitor)e(v)n(arious)g(conditions)0 -1661 y(throughout)e(the)h(system)f(and)g(can)h(in)o(terrupt)g(the)g(console)g -(or)f(b)q(e)h(in)o(terrupted)g(b)o(y)f(it.)17 b(The)11 b(in)o(terrupt)g -(facilitates)0 1711 y(pro)q(cessor)18 b(con)o(trol)d(of)g(the)i(en)o(tire)f -(system)g(b)o(y)f(means)g(of)h(a)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(priorit)o -(y{ordered)h(lev)o(els)g(o)o(v)o(er)g(whic)o(h)0 1761 y(external)f(signals)g -(ma)o(y)e(in)o(terrupt)i(the)h(normal)d(program)g(\015o)o(w.)21 -b(The)16 b(pro)q(cessor)g(ac)o(kno)o(wledges)f(an)g(in)o(terrupt)0 -1811 y(request)g(b)o(y)f(executing)g(the)h(instruction)f(con)o(tained)f(in)h -(a)f(particular)h(lo)q(cation)e(for)i(the)g(lev)o(el)g(or)f(the)i(source)g -(of)0 1861 y(the)g(request.)22 b(Assignmen)o(t)14 b(of)h(lev)o(els)f(is)h(en) -o(tirely)g(under)g(program)e(con)o(trol.)21 b(Tw)o(o)14 b(lev)o(els)h(can)g -(b)q(e)g(assigned)g(to)0 1910 y(eac)o(h)f(Unibus)g(adapter,)g(and)g(one)g -(can)g(b)q(e)h(assigned)f(to)g(the)g(system)g(\015ags.)0 2062 -y Fx(1.3.1)55 b(KS10)19 b(Memory)0 2175 y FB(An)o(y)c(subsystem)g(can)g -(request)h(use)f(of)g(the)g(bus)g(to)g(write)g(a)f(w)o(ord)h(in)o(to)f -(storage)h(or)f(read)i(a)e(w)o(ord)h(from)e(it.)20 b(T)m(o)0 -2225 y(sa)o(v)o(e)15 b(time)e(in)h(b)o(yte)h(input)f(op)q(erations,)g(a)h -(Unibus)f(adapter)h(can)g(also)f(get)h(the)g(bus)g(for)f(a)g(read{mo)q -(dify{write)0 2274 y(cycle.)31 b(In)18 b(this)h(transaction)f(a)g(w)o(ord)g -(go)q(es)g(from)e(memory)g(to)i(the)h(adapter,)g(whic)o(h)f(inserts)h(the)g -(b)o(yte)f(and)0 2324 y(immediately)10 b(sends)k(the)g(mo)q(di\014ed)e(w)o -(ord)h(bac)o(k.)18 b(A)13 b(requesting)i(subsystem)e(ma)o(y)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h -(to)g(w)o(ait)f(un)o(til)h(the)h(bus)0 2374 y(is)h(free)i(and)e(it)g(has)h -(priorit)o(y)m(,)e(and)h(ev)o(en)h(then)g(there)h(ma)o(y)d(o)q(ccasionally)g -(b)q(e)i(a)f(further)i(w)o(ait)d(of)h(up)h(to)f(750)g(ns)0 -2424 y(for)h(memory)d(refresh)k(\(whic)o(h)f(requires)h(ab)q(out)f(5\045)f -(of)h(total)f(memory)e(time\).)23 b(Reading)15 b(from)f(storage)j(tak)o(es)0 -2474 y(900)d(ns.)23 b(W)m(riting)13 b(to)i(storage)h(tak)o(es)f(600)g(ns,)g -(although)g(the)g(memory)e(remains)h(busy)i(for)e(an)h(additional)f(300)0 -2523 y(ns.)24 b(Whenev)o(er)17 b(the)f(pro)q(cessor)i(writes)e(or)g(reads)g -(a)g(w)o(ord)f(in)h(storage,)g(that)g(w)o(ord)f(is)h(automatically)c(written) -0 2573 y(in)h(the)i(cac)o(he.)k(Th)o(us,)14 b(if)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i -(wishes)e(to)g(read)g(the)h(same)e(w)o(ord)h(at)f(a)h(later)g(time,)e -(retriev)n(al)i(requires)0 2623 y(only)f(300)g(ns.)19 b(The)14 -b(cac)o(he)h(hit)e(rate)i(is)f(generally)f(ab)q(out)h(80\045.)p -eop -%%Page: 25 61 -25 60 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.4.)31 b(TIMESHARING)1355 b FB(25)150 -195 y(The)14 b(follo)o(wing)e(table)h(giv)o(es)h(the)h(c)o(haracteristics)g -(of)f(KS10)f(memory)f(with)h(times)g(in)h(nanoseconds.)737 -278 y Fw(R)n(e)n(ad)50 b(Write)118 b(Size)186 b(Err)n(or)13 -b(F)m(acility)430 363 y FB(MOS)h(Memory)62 b(900)82 b(600)71 -b(128K{512K)48 b(7{bit)13 b(correction)i(co)q(de)430 413 y(F)m(ast)f(Memory) -78 b(300)k(300)71 b(16)217 b(2)14 b(parit)o(y)f(bits)430 463 -y(Cac)o(he)211 b(300)216 b(512)196 b(2)14 b(parit)o(y)f(bits)150 -583 y(There)j(is)f(no)f(cac)o(he)i(write)f(time,)f(b)q(ecause)i(writing)e(is) -h(automatic)e(and)i(is)g(absorb)q(ed)g(in)g(storage)g(access)i(time.)150 -632 y(F)m(ast)12 b(memory)e(times)i(are)h(for)f(addressing)h(accum)o(ulators) -e(as)i(memory)d(lo)q(cations.)17 b(Access)e(to)d(an)g(accum)o(ulator)150 -682 y(as)18 b(an)g(accum)o(ulator)e(or)i(as)g(an)g(index)g(register)h(is)f -(made)f(in)g(a)h(single)f(microinstruction)g(p)q(erio)q(d)i(of)e(150)g(ns;) -150 732 y(frequen)o(tly)h(this)f(represen)o(ts)j(no)d(extra)h(time,)e(b)q -(ecause)j(the)f(same)f(microinstruction)f(often)h(p)q(erforms)g(other)150 -782 y(functions.)150 867 y(The)f(memory)d(arra)o(y)i(comprises)g(from)f(t)o -(w)o(o)h(to)h(eigh)o(t)f(storage)h(mo)q(dules)e(of)h(64K)g(eac)o(h.)24 -b(F)m(rom)13 b(the)k(hardw)o(are)150 917 y(addressing)g(p)q(oin)o(t)f(of)g -(view,)g(the)h(en)o(tire)g(ph)o(ysical)f(memory)e(is)i(simply)f(a)h(set)h(of) -f(lo)q(cations)g(whose)h(addresses)150 967 y(range)h(from)e(zero)i(to)g(a)f -(maxim)o(um)c(dep)q(enden)o(t)19 b(up)q(on)f(the)g(capacit)o(y)g(of)f(the)h -(particular)g(installation.)28 b(In)17 b(a)150 1017 y(system)d(with)f(the)i -(greatest)g(p)q(ossible)f(capacit)o(y)m(,)f(the)h(largest)g(address)i(is)d -(1777777)f(\(decimal)h(524,287\).)150 1102 y(A)o(t)j(a)g(halt,)f(the)i(micro) -q(co)q(de)e(places)i(a)e(halt)h(co)q(de)h(and)e(PC)i(in)e Fw(stor)n(age)k -FB(lo)q(cations)c(0)h(and)g(1.)24 b(The)16 b(only)f(other)150 -1152 y(ph)o(ysical)g(lo)q(cations)g(uniquely)g(de\014ned)i(b)o(y)e(the)i -(hardw)o(are)f(are)g(those)g(in)f(fast)h(memory)m(,)c(lo)q(cations)k(0{17.)22 -b(All)150 1202 y(other)16 b(hardw)o(are{de\014ned)h(addresses,)h(suc)o(h)e -(as)g(the)g(pro)q(cess)i(tables)d(or)h(the)g(halt{status)g(blo)q(c)o(k,)f -(are)h(relativ)o(e)150 1252 y(to)e(ph)o(ysical)g(lo)q(cations)g(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(Monitor.)k(Ph)o(ysical)14 b(memory)e(in)i(a)g -(system)h(is)f(a)g(constan)o(t)h(unless)g(a)150 1302 y(storage)h(mo)q(dule)e -(is)h(actually)g(added)h(or)f(remo)o(v)o(ed.)23 b(The)16 b(virtual)e(address) -j(space)g(accessible)g(to)e(a)g(particular)150 1351 y(program)f(is)i(en)o -(tirely)g(a)g(function)f(of)g(the)i(w)o(a)o(y)e(in)g(whic)o(h)h(the)h -(Monitor)e(sets)i(up)f(user)h(op)q(erating)f(conditions,)150 -1401 y(except)f(that)f(an)o(y)g(space)h(and)e(an)o(y)h(restrictions)h(m)o -(ust)e(encompass)g(an)h(in)o(tegral)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)h(pages.)150 -1574 y Fs(1.4)70 b(Tim)o(e)o(sharing)150 1701 y FB(Inheren)o(t)16 -b(in)f(the)g(mac)o(hine)f(hardw)o(are)h(are)h(restrictions)g(that)f(apply)f -(univ)o(ersally:)20 b(only)14 b(certain)h(instructions)150 -1751 y(can)f(b)q(e)h(used)h(to)e(resp)q(ond)h(to)f(a)g(priorit)o(y)g(in)o -(terrupt,)g(and)h(certain)f(memory)e(lo)q(cations)i(ha)o(v)o(e)g -(prede\014ned)i(uses.)150 1801 y(Ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)k(this)f(fundamen)o(tal)e -(lev)o(el,)j(the)h(timeshare)e(hardw)o(are)g(pro)o(vides)h(for)f(di\013eren)o -(t)h(mo)q(des)f(of)g(pro)q(cessor)150 1850 y(op)q(eration)g(and)h -(establishes)g(certain)g(instruction)g(and)f(memory)e(restrictions)k(so)e -(that)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(can)150 1900 y(handle)e(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -(of)h(user)h(programs)e(\(programs)g(run)i(in)e(user)j(mo)q(de\))d(without)h -(their)g(in)o(terfering)g(with)150 1950 y(one)d(another.)29 -b(The)18 b(memory)c(restrictions)19 b(are)f(dep)q(enden)o(t)h(to)e(a)g(great) -g(exten)o(t)h(on)f(the)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f(pro)q(cessor;)150 -2000 y(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)h(the)g(instruction)g(restrictions)h(are)f(not,)f -(and)h(these)h(are)e(relativ)o(ely)g(ob)o(vious:)25 b(a)17 -b(program)f(that)h(is)150 2050 y(sharing)g(the)g(system)f(with)h(others)h -(cannot)f(usually)f(b)q(e)h(allo)o(w)o(ed)e(to)i(halt)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)g -(or)f(to)g(op)q(erate)g(the)150 2099 y(in{out)12 b(equipmen)o(t)g -(arbitrarily)m(.)k(\(Some)c(pro)q(cessors)j(p)q(ermit)d(unrestricted)k -(access)e(to)f(a)g(limited)e(set)i(of)g(in{out)150 2149 y(devices)i(for)f -(the)h(use)g(of)e(sp)q(ecial)h(real{time)f(applications.\))k(A)e(program)d -(that)i(runs)h(in)f(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de|the)150 2199 y(Monitor|is)g(resp)q -(onsible)i(for)f(sc)o(heduling)g(user)h(programs,)e(servicing)i(in)o -(terrupts,)g(handling)e(input{output)150 2249 y(needs,)i(and)f(taking)f -(action)g(when)h(con)o(trol)g(is)g(returned)h(to)f(it)f(from)f(a)i(user)g -(program.)23 b(An)o(y)15 b(violation)f(of)h(an)150 2299 y(instruction)i(or)g -(memory)e(restriction)j(b)o(y)f(a)g(user)h(transfers)g(con)o(trol)f(bac)o(k)g -(to)g(the)h(Monitor.)27 b(Dedication)17 b(of)150 2348 y(the)e(en)o(tire)f -(facilit)o(y)f(to)g(a)h(single)g(purp)q(ose,)g(i.e.,)f(op)q(eration)h(for)g -(only)f(one)h(user,)h(is)e(equiv)n(alen)o(t)h(to)g(op)q(eration)f(in)150 -2398 y(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de.)150 2484 y(The)i(paging)f(hardw)o(are)h(maps)e -(pages)i(from)e(the)i(virtual)f(address)i(space)f(in)o(to)f(pages)h(an)o -(ywhere)g(in)f(ph)o(ysical)150 2534 y(memory)m(.)i(A)d(page)g(map)e(for)h -(eac)o(h)i(program)d(sp)q(eci\014es)k(not)d(only)g(the)i(corresp)q(ondence)i -(from)13 b(virtual)h(address)150 2583 y(to)h(ph)o(ysical)g(address,)i(but)f -(also)f(whether)h(or)g(not)f(an)g(individual)f(virtual)h(page)g(is)g -(accessible)i(and)f(alterable,)p eop -%%Page: 26 62 -26 61 bop 0 50 a FB(26)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)0 -195 y FB(and)13 b(whether)h(or)e(not)h(the)g(cac)o(he)h(can)f(b)q(e)g(used)h -(for)e(references)k(to)c(it.)17 b(In)c(the)g(KL10)g(and)f(KI10,)g(b)q(oth)h -(user)h(and)0 245 y(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(des)e(are)h(sub)q(divided)f -(according)h(to)f(whether)i(the)g(program)d(is)h(running)g(in)g(a)h(public)f -(area)h(or)f(a)0 295 y(concealed)d(area;)g(these)g(areas)f(are)h -(distinguished)f(b)o(y)f(whether)i(or)f(not)g(their)g(pages)h(are)f(lab)q -(eled)g(public.)16 b(Within)0 345 y(user)d(mo)q(de)f(these)i(submo)q(des)e -(are)h(public)f(and)g(concealed;)h(within)f(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de)d(they)i -(are)g(sup)q(ervisor)g(and)0 394 y(k)o(ernel.)36 b(A)19 b(program)f(in)i -(concealed)g(mo)q(de)f(can)g(reference)k(all)18 b(accessible)j(user)g(memory) -m(,)c(but)j(the)g(public)0 444 y(program)13 b(cannot)h(reference)j(the)e -(concealed)g(area)f(except)i(to)e(transfer)i(con)o(trol)e(in)o(to)f(it)h(at)g -(certain)h(legitimate)0 494 y(en)o(try)h(p)q(oin)o(ts.)23 b(The)16 -b(concealed)g(area)g(w)o(ould)e(ordinarily)h(b)q(e)h(used)g(for)f -(proprietary)h(programs)e(that)i(the)g(user)0 544 y(can)e(call)f(but)h -(cannot)g(read)h(or)f(alter.)0 629 y(In)h(the)g(XKL)216 625 -y(-)228 629 y(1)f(and)h(KS10,)f(all)f(pages)i(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(regarded)h(as) -f(concealed,)g(b)q(ecause)h(none)f(are)g(lab)q(eled)g(public;)0 -679 y(but)h(in)f(realit)o(y)g(the)h(concept)h(of)e(public)h -Fw(vs)j FB(concealed)d(simply)e(do)q(es)i(not)g(apply)m(.)22 -b(In)15 b(the)i(XKL)1561 675 y(-)1573 679 y(1)e(and)h(KS10,)0 -729 y(executiv)o(e)21 b(mo)q(de)d(is)i(iden)o(tical)e(to)i(k)o(ernel)g(mo)q -(de)e(in)h(that)h(sup)q(ervisor)h(restrictions)f(do)g(not)f(exist.)35 -b(In)20 b(this)0 779 y(treatmen)o(t)c(of)g(timesharing,)f(an)o(y)h(men)o -(tion)f(of)h(public)g(in)g(con)o(trast)h(to)g(priv)n(ate)f(is)g(irrelev)n(an) -o(t)h(to)f(the)h(XKL)1767 775 y(-)1779 779 y(1)0 829 y(and)e(KS10,)f(and)h -(functions)g(indicated)g(as)g(b)q(eing)g(p)q(erformed)f(b)o(y)h(the)g(k)o -(ernel)h(or)f(sup)q(ervisor)h(program)d(are)i(all)0 878 y(handled)f(b)o(y)f -(the)i(executiv)o(e)g(in)e(these)j(pro)q(cessors.)0 964 y(In)i(k)o(ernel)h -(mo)q(de)f(the)h(Monitor)f(handles)g(the)i(in{out)d(for)h(the)h(system,)g -(handles)g(priorit)o(y)f(in)o(terrupts,)i(con-)0 1014 y(structs)15 -b(page)e(maps,)f(and)h(p)q(erforms)f(those)i(functions)g(that)f(a\013ect)h -(all)e(users.)19 b(This)13 b(mo)q(de)f(has)i(no)f(instruction)0 -1064 y(restrictions,)h(the)f(program)f(can)h(ev)o(en)g(turn)g(o\013)g(the)h -(pager)f(to)g(address)h(memory)c(directly)m(,)i(using)h(ph)o(ysical)f(ad-)0 -1113 y(dresses;)j(the)e(address)h(space)g(is)e(then)h(said)f(to)h(b)q(e)g -(unpaged.)18 b(In)12 b(paged)h(address)h(space,)f(individual)e(pages)i(ma)o -(y)0 1163 y(b)q(e)j(restricted)h(as)e(inaccessible)h(or)f(write{protected,)i -(but)f(it)e(is)h(the)h(k)o(ernel)g(program)d(that)i(establishes)i(these)0 -1213 y(restrictions.)28 b(In)17 b(sup)q(ervisor)g(mo)q(de)f(the)h(Monitor)g -(handles)g(the)g(general)g(managemen)o(t)d(of)i(the)i(system)e(and)0 -1263 y(those)f(functions)f(that)h(a\013ect)g(only)f(one)g(user)i(at)e(a)g -(time.)k(This)c(mo)q(de)g(has)g(essen)o(tially)g(the)h(same)f(instruction)0 -1313 y(and)e(memory)e(restrictions)j(as)f(user)i(mo)q(de,)d(although)g(the)i -(sup)q(ervisor)g(program)e(can)h(read,)h(but)f(not)g(alter,)g(the)0 -1362 y(concealed)17 b(areas;)g(in)e(this)h(w)o(a)o(y)f(the)i(k)o(ernel)f(mo)q -(de)f(Monitor)g(supplies)i(the)f(sup)q(ervisor)h(program)d(with)i(infor-)0 -1412 y(mation)d(the)i(latter)g(cannot)g(a\013ect,)h(ev)o(en)f(though)g(the)g -(lo)q(cations)f(are)h(not)g(write{protected)i(in)d(k)o(ernel)h(mo)q(de.)0 -1462 y(The)i(k)o(ernel)f(program)f(generally)h(assigns)g(fast)g(memory)e(blo) -q(c)o(k)i(0)g(for)g(use)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(Monitor)g(in)g(either)h(mo)q(de)0 -1512 y(\(esp)q(ecially)c(in)g(a)f(TOPS{10)h(system|to)f(b)q(e)i(compatible)d -(with)h(the)i(KI10)f(where)h(the)f(hardw)o(are)g(requires)i(it\).)0 -1562 y(T)o(ypically)m(,)e(the)j(Monitor)f(assigns)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(1)g(to)g -(all)f(users)i(and)f(uses)i(blo)q(c)o(ks)e(2)g(and)g(3)g(for)g(handling)f(in) -o(terrupts)0 1612 y(\(e.)g(g.)f(blo)q(c)o(k)h(2)f(just)h(for)g(the)g(highest) -h(priorit)o(y)e(lev)o(el)g(and)h(blo)q(c)o(k)g(3)f(for)h(the)g(others\).)0 -1697 y(The)h(most)e(extensiv)o(e)j(hardw)o(are)f(features)h(for)e -(timesharing)f(exist)i(in)f(the)h(KL10)f(and)g(KI10.)20 b(The)15 -b(reason)g(for)0 1747 y(this)h(is)g(that)g(the)g(new)o(est)h(soft)o(w)o(are)f -(is)g(m)o(uc)o(h)e(more)h(sophisticated)i(and)e(th)o(us)i(requires)g(less)f -(hardw)o(are)g(to)g(do)0 1797 y(the)e(job|)f(the)i(XKL)346 -1793 y(-)358 1797 y(1)f(and)f(KS10)h(tak)o(e)g(adv)n(an)o(tage)f(this)h(fact) -g(to)g(cut)g(cost.)0 1882 y(Figure)j(1.8)e(sho)o(ws)i(an)f(example)f(of)h -(the)h(use)g(of)f(the)h(most)e(extensiv)o(e)j(timeshare)e(hardw)o(are.)26 -b(This)16 b(diagram)0 1932 y(sho)o(ws)g(the)g(la)o(y)o(out)e(of)h(a)g -(single{section)h(KL10)f(address)i(space)f(that)g(is)f(con\014gured)i(to)e -(mak)o(e)f(full)g(use)i(of)f(the)0 1982 y(v)n(arious)h(mo)q(des,)f(b)q(e)i -(used)g(with)f(a)g(TOPS{10)g(Monitor,)g(and)g(b)q(e)h(compatible)d(with)i -(earlier)g(mac)o(hines.)25 b(The)0 2032 y(space)15 b(is)e(256K,)g(made)f(up)i -(of)f(512)g(pages)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)f(0{777)f(o)q(ctal.)18 -b(An)o(y)c(program)e(can)i(address)g(lo)q(cations)f(0{)0 2082 -y(17,)f(b)q(ecause)j(these)g(are)f(in)f(fast)g(memory)e(and)i(are)g -(completely)g(unrestricted)i(\(although)e(the)g(same)g(addresses)0 -2131 y(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)i(in)f(di\013eren)o(t)i(blo)q(c)o(ks)e(for)h -(di\013eren)o(t)g(programs\).)20 b(The)15 b(public)f(user)i(program)d(op)q -(erates)j(in)e(the)h(public)0 2181 y(area,)j(part)g(of)f(whic)o(h)g(ma)o(y)f -(b)q(e)i(write{protected.)31 b(The)18 b(public)f(program)f(cannot)i(access)h -(an)o(y)e(lo)q(cations)g(in)0 2231 y(the)g(concealed)g(areas)f(except)i(to)e -(fetc)o(h)g(instructions)h(from)d(prescrib)q(ed)k(en)o(try)f(p)q(oin)o(ts.)24 -b(The)17 b(concealed)g(user)0 2281 y(program)g(has)h(access)j(to)d(b)q(oth)h -(public)f(and)g(concealed)h(areas,)h(but)f(it)f(cannot)h(alter)f(an)o(y)g -(write{protected)0 2331 y(lo)q(cation,)10 b(whether)i(public)e(or)h -(concealed,)h(and)e(fetc)o(hing)h(an)g(instruction)g(from)e(the)i(public)f -(area)h(automatically)0 2380 y(returns)k(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(to)d(public)h -(mo)q(de.)0 2466 y(In)h(a)g(TOPS{20)g(system,)g(an)g(area)g(lab)q(eled)g -(\\write{protected")i(migh)o(t)c(b)q(etter)k(b)q(e)e(called)g(\\cop)o -(y{on{write.")0 2516 y(W)m(rite)20 b(protection)h(is)g(generally)f(for)g -(\\pure")h(co)q(de)g(\(i.e.,)g(those)h(p)q(ortions)e(of)g(the)h(program)e -(that)i(are)g(not)0 2566 y(exp)q(ected)16 b(to)f(b)q(e)g(c)o(hanged)f(b)o(y)g -(the)h(execution)g(of)f(the)h(program\))e(shared)i(b)o(y)f(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)g(of)g(users.)20 b(If)14 b(one)h(user)0 2615 y(attempts)d(to)g(alter)h(a) -f(cop)o(y{on{write)g(page,)g(the)h(TOPS{20)f(Monitor)g(will)f(ordinarily)g -(mak)o(e)f(a)i(separate)i(cop)o(y)p eop -%%Page: 27 63 -27 62 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.4.)31 b(TIMESHARING)1355 b FB(27)218 -202 y Fx(Figure)18 b(1.8:)24 b(P)n(ossible)19 b(TOPS{10)g(Virtual)f(Address)h -(Space)g(Con\014guration)192 2573 y Fn(HRMF-T10V)m(ASC.)o(TEX)p -188 368 339 4 v 188 2497 4 2130 v 524 2497 V 188 2500 339 4 -v 304 338 a Fu(Public)p 645 368 V 645 2497 4 2130 v 980 2497 -V 645 2500 339 4 v 315 w(Concealed)p 1101 368 V 1101 2497 4 -2130 v 1437 2497 V 1101 2500 339 4 v 1182 334 a(Sup)q(erviso)o(r)p -1558 368 V 1558 2497 4 2130 v 1893 2497 V 1558 2500 339 4 v -1672 338 a(Kernel)477 279 y Fe(User)d(Mo)q(de)641 b(Executive)16 -b(Mo)q(de)163 383 y Fi(0)439 b(0)h(0)f(0)252 399 y Fb(F)o(ast)13 -b(Memo)o(ry)246 b(F)o(ast)13 b(Memo)o(ry)245 b(F)o(ast)13 b(Memo)o(ry)246 -b(F)o(ast)13 b(Memo)o(ry)p 192 412 333 4 v 192 724 V 648 412 -V 648 724 V 1105 412 V 1105 786 V 1561 412 V 1561 786 V 304 -560 a Fu(Public)275 601 y(W)o(riteable)760 560 y(Public)731 -601 y(W)o(riteable)726 799 y(Concealed)731 840 y(W)o(riteable)p -648 890 V 1171 571 a(Inaccessible)1207 612 y(in)h(KI10)1640 -591 y(Concealed)1585 633 y(W)o(rite{Protected)1651 899 y(Unpaged)1664 -948 y(in)g(KI10)p 1105 1284 V 1043 1313 a Fi(340)p 1561 1284 -V 1499 1271 a(340)1217 1334 y Fu(Public)1183 1407 y(Concealed)1674 -1334 y(Public)1640 1407 y(Concealed)p 1105 1359 38 4 v 1179 -1359 V 1254 1359 V 1329 1359 V 1404 1359 V 1561 1359 V 1636 -1359 V 1711 1359 V 1786 1359 V 1860 1359 V 192 1429 333 4 v -129 1458 a Fi(400)p 648 1429 V 406 w(400)p 1105 1429 V 406 -w(400)p 1561 1429 V 405 w(400)p 192 1579 V 304 1496 a Fu(Public)215 -1538 y(W)o(rite{Protected)p 192 1670 V 270 1613 a(Concealed)249 -1654 y(Entry)h(P)o(oints)p 648 1579 V 760 1496 a(Public)672 -1538 y(W)o(rite{Protected)p 648 1795 V 726 1679 a(Concealed)672 -1720 y(W)o(rite{Protected)p 1105 1678 V 1217 1559 a(Public)1188 -1600 y(W)o(riteable)p 1561 1678 V 1674 1559 a(Public)1645 1600 -y(W)o(riteable)p 1105 1828 V 1217 1745 a(Public)1129 1787 y(W)o -(rite{Protected)p 1561 1828 V 1674 1745 a(Public)1585 1787 -y(W)o(rite{Protected)p 1105 2044 V 1183 1949 a(Concealed)p -1561 1936 V 1640 1874 a(Concealed)1645 1915 y(W)o(riteable)p -1561 2044 V 1640 1982 a(Concealed)1585 2023 y(W)o(rite{Protected)129 -2479 y Fi(777)406 b(777)g(777)f(777)1391 2541 y Fa(Shaded)15 -b(Areas)e(are)g(Inaccessible)482 2499 y Fd(\000)-83 b(\000)482 -2457 y(\000)399 2499 y(\000)441 2457 y(\000)482 2416 y(\000)358 -2499 y(\000)399 2457 y(\000)441 2416 y(\000)482 2374 y(\000)316 -2499 y(\000)358 2457 y(\000)399 2416 y(\000)441 2374 y(\000)482 -2333 y(\000)275 2499 y(\000)316 2457 y(\000)358 2416 y(\000)399 -2374 y(\000)441 2333 y(\000)482 2291 y(\000)233 2499 y(\000)275 -2457 y(\000)316 2416 y(\000)358 2374 y(\000)399 2333 y(\000)441 -2291 y(\000)482 2250 y(\000)192 2499 y(\000)233 2457 y(\000)275 -2416 y(\000)316 2374 y(\000)358 2333 y(\000)399 2291 y(\000)441 -2250 y(\000)482 2208 y(\000)192 2457 y(\000)233 2416 y(\000)275 -2374 y(\000)316 2333 y(\000)358 2291 y(\000)399 2250 y(\000)441 -2208 y(\000)482 2167 y(\000)192 2416 y(\000)233 2374 y(\000)275 -2333 y(\000)316 2291 y(\000)358 2250 y(\000)399 2208 y(\000)441 -2167 y(\000)482 2125 y(\000)192 2374 y(\000)233 2333 y(\000)275 -2291 y(\000)316 2250 y(\000)358 2208 y(\000)399 2167 y(\000)441 -2125 y(\000)482 2084 y(\000)192 2333 y(\000)233 2291 y(\000)275 -2250 y(\000)316 2208 y(\000)358 2167 y(\000)399 2125 y(\000)441 -2084 y(\000)482 2042 y(\000)192 2291 y(\000)233 2250 y(\000)275 -2208 y(\000)316 2167 y(\000)358 2125 y(\000)399 2084 y(\000)441 -2042 y(\000)482 2001 y(\000)192 2250 y(\000)233 2208 y(\000)275 -2167 y(\000)316 2125 y(\000)358 2084 y(\000)399 2042 y(\000)441 -2001 y(\000)482 1959 y(\000)192 2208 y(\000)233 2167 y(\000)275 -2125 y(\000)316 2084 y(\000)358 2042 y(\000)399 2001 y(\000)441 -1959 y(\000)482 1918 y(\000)192 2167 y(\000)233 2125 y(\000)275 -2084 y(\000)316 2042 y(\000)358 2001 y(\000)399 1959 y(\000)441 -1918 y(\000)482 1876 y(\000)192 2125 y(\000)233 2084 y(\000)275 -2042 y(\000)316 2001 y(\000)358 1959 y(\000)399 1918 y(\000)441 -1876 y(\000)482 1835 y(\000)192 2084 y(\000)233 2042 y(\000)275 -2001 y(\000)316 1959 y(\000)358 1918 y(\000)399 1876 y(\000)441 -1835 y(\000)482 1793 y(\000)192 2042 y(\000)233 2001 y(\000)275 -1959 y(\000)316 1918 y(\000)358 1876 y(\000)399 1835 y(\000)441 -1793 y(\000)482 1752 y(\000)192 2001 y(\000)233 1959 y(\000)275 -1918 y(\000)316 1876 y(\000)358 1835 y(\000)399 1793 y(\000)441 -1752 y(\000)482 1710 y(\000)192 1959 y(\000)233 1918 y(\000)275 -1876 y(\000)316 1835 y(\000)358 1793 y(\000)399 1752 y(\000)441 -1710 y(\000)192 1918 y(\000)233 1876 y(\000)275 1835 y(\000)316 -1793 y(\000)358 1752 y(\000)399 1710 y(\000)192 1876 y(\000)233 -1835 y(\000)275 1793 y(\000)316 1752 y(\000)358 1710 y(\000)192 -1835 y(\000)233 1793 y(\000)275 1752 y(\000)316 1710 y(\000)192 -1793 y(\000)233 1752 y(\000)275 1710 y(\000)192 1752 y(\000)233 -1710 y(\000)g(\000)482 1428 y(\000)g(\000)482 1386 y(\000)399 -1428 y(\000)441 1386 y(\000)482 1345 y(\000)358 1428 y(\000)399 -1386 y(\000)441 1345 y(\000)482 1303 y(\000)316 1428 y(\000)358 -1386 y(\000)399 1345 y(\000)441 1303 y(\000)482 1262 y(\000)275 -1428 y(\000)316 1386 y(\000)358 1345 y(\000)399 1303 y(\000)441 -1262 y(\000)482 1220 y(\000)233 1428 y(\000)275 1386 y(\000)316 -1345 y(\000)358 1303 y(\000)399 1262 y(\000)441 1220 y(\000)482 -1179 y(\000)192 1428 y(\000)233 1386 y(\000)275 1345 y(\000)316 -1303 y(\000)358 1262 y(\000)399 1220 y(\000)441 1179 y(\000)482 -1137 y(\000)192 1386 y(\000)233 1345 y(\000)275 1303 y(\000)316 -1262 y(\000)358 1220 y(\000)399 1179 y(\000)441 1137 y(\000)482 -1096 y(\000)192 1345 y(\000)233 1303 y(\000)275 1262 y(\000)316 -1220 y(\000)358 1179 y(\000)399 1137 y(\000)441 1096 y(\000)482 -1054 y(\000)192 1303 y(\000)233 1262 y(\000)275 1220 y(\000)316 -1179 y(\000)358 1137 y(\000)399 1096 y(\000)441 1054 y(\000)482 -1013 y(\000)192 1262 y(\000)233 1220 y(\000)275 1179 y(\000)316 -1137 y(\000)358 1096 y(\000)399 1054 y(\000)441 1013 y(\000)482 -971 y(\000)192 1220 y(\000)233 1179 y(\000)275 1137 y(\000)316 -1096 y(\000)358 1054 y(\000)399 1013 y(\000)441 971 y(\000)482 -930 y(\000)192 1179 y(\000)233 1137 y(\000)275 1096 y(\000)316 -1054 y(\000)358 1013 y(\000)399 971 y(\000)441 930 y(\000)482 -888 y(\000)192 1137 y(\000)233 1096 y(\000)275 1054 y(\000)316 -1013 y(\000)358 971 y(\000)399 930 y(\000)441 888 y(\000)482 -847 y(\000)192 1096 y(\000)233 1054 y(\000)275 1013 y(\000)316 -971 y(\000)358 930 y(\000)399 888 y(\000)441 847 y(\000)482 -805 y(\000)192 1054 y(\000)233 1013 y(\000)275 971 y(\000)316 -930 y(\000)358 888 y(\000)399 847 y(\000)441 805 y(\000)482 -764 y(\000)192 1013 y(\000)233 971 y(\000)275 930 y(\000)316 -888 y(\000)358 847 y(\000)399 805 y(\000)441 764 y(\000)192 -971 y(\000)233 930 y(\000)275 888 y(\000)316 847 y(\000)358 -805 y(\000)399 764 y(\000)192 930 y(\000)233 888 y(\000)275 -847 y(\000)316 805 y(\000)358 764 y(\000)192 888 y(\000)233 -847 y(\000)275 805 y(\000)316 764 y(\000)192 847 y(\000)233 -805 y(\000)275 764 y(\000)192 805 y(\000)233 764 y(\000)g(\000)939 -2499 y(\000)f(\000)939 2457 y(\000)856 2499 y(\000)897 2457 -y(\000)939 2416 y(\000)814 2499 y(\000)856 2457 y(\000)897 -2416 y(\000)939 2374 y(\000)773 2499 y(\000)814 2457 y(\000)856 -2416 y(\000)897 2374 y(\000)939 2333 y(\000)731 2499 y(\000)773 -2457 y(\000)814 2416 y(\000)856 2374 y(\000)897 2333 y(\000)939 -2291 y(\000)690 2499 y(\000)731 2457 y(\000)773 2416 y(\000)814 -2374 y(\000)856 2333 y(\000)897 2291 y(\000)939 2250 y(\000)648 -2499 y(\000)690 2457 y(\000)731 2416 y(\000)773 2374 y(\000)814 -2333 y(\000)856 2291 y(\000)897 2250 y(\000)939 2208 y(\000)648 -2457 y(\000)690 2416 y(\000)731 2374 y(\000)773 2333 y(\000)814 -2291 y(\000)856 2250 y(\000)897 2208 y(\000)939 2167 y(\000)648 -2416 y(\000)690 2374 y(\000)731 2333 y(\000)773 2291 y(\000)814 -2250 y(\000)856 2208 y(\000)897 2167 y(\000)939 2125 y(\000)648 -2374 y(\000)690 2333 y(\000)731 2291 y(\000)773 2250 y(\000)814 -2208 y(\000)856 2167 y(\000)897 2125 y(\000)939 2084 y(\000)648 -2333 y(\000)690 2291 y(\000)731 2250 y(\000)773 2208 y(\000)814 -2167 y(\000)856 2125 y(\000)897 2084 y(\000)939 2042 y(\000)648 -2291 y(\000)690 2250 y(\000)731 2208 y(\000)773 2167 y(\000)814 -2125 y(\000)856 2084 y(\000)897 2042 y(\000)939 2001 y(\000)648 -2250 y(\000)690 2208 y(\000)731 2167 y(\000)773 2125 y(\000)814 -2084 y(\000)856 2042 y(\000)897 2001 y(\000)939 1959 y(\000)648 -2208 y(\000)690 2167 y(\000)731 2125 y(\000)773 2084 y(\000)814 -2042 y(\000)856 2001 y(\000)897 1959 y(\000)939 1918 y(\000)648 -2167 y(\000)690 2125 y(\000)731 2084 y(\000)773 2042 y(\000)814 -2001 y(\000)856 1959 y(\000)897 1918 y(\000)939 1876 y(\000)648 -2125 y(\000)690 2084 y(\000)731 2042 y(\000)773 2001 y(\000)814 -1959 y(\000)856 1918 y(\000)897 1876 y(\000)939 1835 y(\000)648 -2084 y(\000)690 2042 y(\000)731 2001 y(\000)773 1959 y(\000)814 -1918 y(\000)856 1876 y(\000)897 1835 y(\000)648 2042 y(\000)690 -2001 y(\000)731 1959 y(\000)773 1918 y(\000)814 1876 y(\000)856 -1835 y(\000)648 2001 y(\000)690 1959 y(\000)731 1918 y(\000)773 -1876 y(\000)814 1835 y(\000)648 1959 y(\000)690 1918 y(\000)731 -1876 y(\000)773 1835 y(\000)648 1918 y(\000)690 1876 y(\000)731 -1835 y(\000)648 1876 y(\000)690 1835 y(\000)g(\000)939 1428 -y(\000)g(\000)939 1386 y(\000)856 1428 y(\000)897 1386 y(\000)939 -1345 y(\000)814 1428 y(\000)856 1386 y(\000)897 1345 y(\000)939 -1303 y(\000)773 1428 y(\000)814 1386 y(\000)856 1345 y(\000)897 -1303 y(\000)939 1262 y(\000)731 1428 y(\000)773 1386 y(\000)814 -1345 y(\000)856 1303 y(\000)897 1262 y(\000)939 1220 y(\000)690 -1428 y(\000)731 1386 y(\000)773 1345 y(\000)814 1303 y(\000)856 -1262 y(\000)897 1220 y(\000)939 1179 y(\000)648 1428 y(\000)690 -1386 y(\000)731 1345 y(\000)773 1303 y(\000)814 1262 y(\000)856 -1220 y(\000)897 1179 y(\000)939 1137 y(\000)648 1386 y(\000)690 -1345 y(\000)731 1303 y(\000)773 1262 y(\000)814 1220 y(\000)856 -1179 y(\000)897 1137 y(\000)939 1096 y(\000)648 1345 y(\000)690 -1303 y(\000)731 1262 y(\000)773 1220 y(\000)814 1179 y(\000)856 -1137 y(\000)897 1096 y(\000)939 1054 y(\000)648 1303 y(\000)690 -1262 y(\000)731 1220 y(\000)773 1179 y(\000)814 1137 y(\000)856 -1096 y(\000)897 1054 y(\000)939 1013 y(\000)648 1262 y(\000)690 -1220 y(\000)731 1179 y(\000)773 1137 y(\000)814 1096 y(\000)856 -1054 y(\000)897 1013 y(\000)939 971 y(\000)648 1220 y(\000)690 -1179 y(\000)731 1137 y(\000)773 1096 y(\000)814 1054 y(\000)856 -1013 y(\000)897 971 y(\000)939 930 y(\000)648 1179 y(\000)690 -1137 y(\000)731 1096 y(\000)773 1054 y(\000)814 1013 y(\000)856 -971 y(\000)897 930 y(\000)648 1137 y(\000)690 1096 y(\000)731 -1054 y(\000)773 1013 y(\000)814 971 y(\000)856 930 y(\000)648 -1096 y(\000)690 1054 y(\000)731 1013 y(\000)773 971 y(\000)814 -930 y(\000)648 1054 y(\000)690 1013 y(\000)731 971 y(\000)773 -930 y(\000)648 1013 y(\000)690 971 y(\000)731 930 y(\000)648 -971 y(\000)690 930 y(\000)g(\000)1395 2499 y(\000)h(\000)1395 -2457 y(\000)1312 2499 y(\000)1354 2457 y(\000)1395 2416 y(\000)1271 -2499 y(\000)1312 2457 y(\000)1354 2416 y(\000)1395 2374 y(\000)1229 -2499 y(\000)1271 2457 y(\000)1312 2416 y(\000)1354 2374 y(\000)1395 -2333 y(\000)1188 2499 y(\000)1229 2457 y(\000)1271 2416 y(\000)1312 -2374 y(\000)1354 2333 y(\000)1395 2291 y(\000)1146 2499 y(\000)1188 -2457 y(\000)1229 2416 y(\000)1271 2374 y(\000)1312 2333 y(\000)1354 -2291 y(\000)1395 2250 y(\000)1105 2499 y(\000)1146 2457 y(\000)1188 -2416 y(\000)1229 2374 y(\000)1271 2333 y(\000)1312 2291 y(\000)1354 -2250 y(\000)1395 2208 y(\000)1105 2457 y(\000)1146 2416 y(\000)1188 -2374 y(\000)1229 2333 y(\000)1271 2291 y(\000)1312 2250 y(\000)1354 -2208 y(\000)1395 2167 y(\000)1105 2416 y(\000)1146 2374 y(\000)1188 -2333 y(\000)1229 2291 y(\000)1271 2250 y(\000)1312 2208 y(\000)1354 -2167 y(\000)1395 2125 y(\000)1105 2374 y(\000)1146 2333 y(\000)1188 -2291 y(\000)1229 2250 y(\000)1271 2208 y(\000)1312 2167 y(\000)1354 -2125 y(\000)1395 2084 y(\000)1105 2333 y(\000)1146 2291 y(\000)1188 -2250 y(\000)1229 2208 y(\000)1271 2167 y(\000)1312 2125 y(\000)1354 -2084 y(\000)1105 2291 y(\000)1146 2250 y(\000)1188 2208 y(\000)1229 -2167 y(\000)1271 2125 y(\000)1312 2084 y(\000)1105 2250 y(\000)1146 -2208 y(\000)1188 2167 y(\000)1229 2125 y(\000)1271 2084 y(\000)1105 -2208 y(\000)1146 2167 y(\000)1188 2125 y(\000)1229 2084 y(\000)1105 -2167 y(\000)1146 2125 y(\000)1188 2084 y(\000)1105 2125 y(\000)1146 -2084 y(\000)g(\000)1395 1282 y(\000)g(\000)1395 1241 y(\000)1312 -1282 y(\000)1354 1241 y(\000)1395 1199 y(\000)1271 1282 y(\000)1312 -1241 y(\000)1354 1199 y(\000)1395 1158 y(\000)1229 1282 y(\000)1271 -1241 y(\000)1312 1199 y(\000)1354 1158 y(\000)1395 1116 y(\000)1188 -1282 y(\000)1229 1241 y(\000)1271 1199 y(\000)1312 1158 y(\000)1354 -1116 y(\000)1395 1075 y(\000)1146 1282 y(\000)1188 1241 y(\000)1229 -1199 y(\000)1271 1158 y(\000)1312 1116 y(\000)1354 1075 y(\000)1395 -1033 y(\000)1105 1282 y(\000)1146 1241 y(\000)1188 1199 y(\000)1229 -1158 y(\000)1271 1116 y(\000)1312 1075 y(\000)1354 1033 y(\000)1395 -992 y(\000)1105 1241 y(\000)1146 1199 y(\000)1188 1158 y(\000)1229 -1116 y(\000)1271 1075 y(\000)1312 1033 y(\000)1354 992 y(\000)1395 -950 y(\000)1105 1199 y(\000)1146 1158 y(\000)1188 1116 y(\000)1229 -1075 y(\000)1271 1033 y(\000)1312 992 y(\000)1354 950 y(\000)1395 -909 y(\000)1105 1158 y(\000)1146 1116 y(\000)1188 1075 y(\000)1229 -1033 y(\000)1271 992 y(\000)1312 950 y(\000)1354 909 y(\000)1395 -867 y(\000)1105 1116 y(\000)1146 1075 y(\000)1188 1033 y(\000)1229 -992 y(\000)1271 950 y(\000)1312 909 y(\000)1354 867 y(\000)1395 -826 y(\000)1105 1075 y(\000)1146 1033 y(\000)1188 992 y(\000)1229 -950 y(\000)1271 909 y(\000)1312 867 y(\000)1354 826 y(\000)1395 -784 y(\000)1105 1033 y(\000)1146 992 y(\000)1188 950 y(\000)1229 -909 y(\000)1271 867 y(\000)1312 826 y(\000)1354 784 y(\000)1395 -743 y(\000)1105 992 y(\000)1146 950 y(\000)1188 909 y(\000)1229 -867 y(\000)1271 826 y(\000)1312 784 y(\000)1354 743 y(\000)1395 -701 y(\000)1105 950 y(\000)1146 909 y(\000)1188 867 y(\000)1229 -826 y(\000)1271 784 y(\000)1312 743 y(\000)1354 701 y(\000)1395 -660 y(\000)1105 909 y(\000)1146 867 y(\000)1188 826 y(\000)1229 -784 y(\000)1271 743 y(\000)1312 701 y(\000)1354 660 y(\000)1105 -867 y(\000)1146 826 y(\000)1188 784 y(\000)1229 743 y(\000)1271 -701 y(\000)1312 660 y(\000)1105 826 y(\000)1146 784 y(\000)1188 -743 y(\000)1229 701 y(\000)1271 660 y(\000)1105 784 y(\000)1146 -743 y(\000)1188 701 y(\000)1229 660 y(\000)1105 743 y(\000)1146 -701 y(\000)1188 660 y(\000)1105 701 y(\000)1146 660 y(\000)g(\000)1395 -535 y(\000)g(\000)1395 494 y(\000)1312 535 y(\000)1354 494 -y(\000)1395 452 y(\000)1271 535 y(\000)1312 494 y(\000)1354 -452 y(\000)1229 535 y(\000)1271 494 y(\000)1312 452 y(\000)1188 -535 y(\000)1229 494 y(\000)1271 452 y(\000)1146 535 y(\000)1188 -494 y(\000)1229 452 y(\000)1105 535 y(\000)1146 494 y(\000)1188 -452 y(\000)1105 494 y(\000)1146 452 y(\000)g(\000)1105 618 -y(\000)1105 577 y(\000)1395 618 y(\000)1395 577 y(\000)1852 -2499 y(\000)f(\000)1852 2457 y(\000)1769 2499 y(\000)1810 2457 -y(\000)1852 2416 y(\000)1727 2499 y(\000)1769 2457 y(\000)1810 -2416 y(\000)1852 2374 y(\000)1686 2499 y(\000)1727 2457 y(\000)1769 -2416 y(\000)1810 2374 y(\000)1852 2333 y(\000)1644 2499 y(\000)1686 -2457 y(\000)1727 2416 y(\000)1769 2374 y(\000)1810 2333 y(\000)1852 -2291 y(\000)1603 2499 y(\000)1644 2457 y(\000)1686 2416 y(\000)1727 -2374 y(\000)1769 2333 y(\000)1810 2291 y(\000)1852 2250 y(\000)1561 -2499 y(\000)1603 2457 y(\000)1644 2416 y(\000)1686 2374 y(\000)1727 -2333 y(\000)1769 2291 y(\000)1810 2250 y(\000)1852 2208 y(\000)1561 -2457 y(\000)1603 2416 y(\000)1644 2374 y(\000)1686 2333 y(\000)1727 -2291 y(\000)1769 2250 y(\000)1810 2208 y(\000)1852 2167 y(\000)1561 -2416 y(\000)1603 2374 y(\000)1644 2333 y(\000)1686 2291 y(\000)1727 -2250 y(\000)1769 2208 y(\000)1810 2167 y(\000)1852 2125 y(\000)1561 -2374 y(\000)1603 2333 y(\000)1644 2291 y(\000)1686 2250 y(\000)1727 -2208 y(\000)1769 2167 y(\000)1810 2125 y(\000)1852 2084 y(\000)1561 -2333 y(\000)1603 2291 y(\000)1644 2250 y(\000)1686 2208 y(\000)1727 -2167 y(\000)1769 2125 y(\000)1810 2084 y(\000)1561 2291 y(\000)1603 -2250 y(\000)1644 2208 y(\000)1686 2167 y(\000)1727 2125 y(\000)1769 -2084 y(\000)1561 2250 y(\000)1603 2208 y(\000)1644 2167 y(\000)1686 -2125 y(\000)1727 2084 y(\000)1561 2208 y(\000)1603 2167 y(\000)1644 -2125 y(\000)1686 2084 y(\000)1561 2167 y(\000)1603 2125 y(\000)1644 -2084 y(\000)1561 2125 y(\000)1603 2084 y(\000)g(\000)1852 1282 -y(\000)g(\000)1852 1241 y(\000)1769 1282 y(\000)1810 1241 y(\000)1852 -1199 y(\000)1727 1282 y(\000)1769 1241 y(\000)1810 1199 y(\000)1852 -1158 y(\000)1686 1282 y(\000)1727 1241 y(\000)1769 1199 y(\000)1810 -1158 y(\000)1852 1116 y(\000)1644 1282 y(\000)1686 1241 y(\000)1727 -1199 y(\000)1769 1158 y(\000)1810 1116 y(\000)1852 1075 y(\000)1603 -1282 y(\000)1644 1241 y(\000)1686 1199 y(\000)1727 1158 y(\000)1769 -1116 y(\000)1810 1075 y(\000)1852 1033 y(\000)1561 1282 y(\000)1603 -1241 y(\000)1644 1199 y(\000)1686 1158 y(\000)1727 1116 y(\000)1769 -1075 y(\000)1810 1033 y(\000)1852 992 y(\000)1561 1241 y(\000)1603 -1199 y(\000)1644 1158 y(\000)1686 1116 y(\000)1727 1075 y(\000)1769 -1033 y(\000)1810 992 y(\000)1561 1199 y(\000)1603 1158 y(\000)1644 -1116 y(\000)1686 1075 y(\000)1727 1033 y(\000)1769 992 y(\000)1561 -1158 y(\000)1603 1116 y(\000)1644 1075 y(\000)1686 1033 y(\000)1727 -992 y(\000)1561 1116 y(\000)1603 1075 y(\000)1644 1033 y(\000)1686 -992 y(\000)1561 1075 y(\000)1603 1033 y(\000)1644 992 y(\000)1561 -1033 y(\000)1603 992 y(\000)g(\000)1852 867 y(\000)g(\000)1852 -826 y(\000)1769 867 y(\000)1810 826 y(\000)1727 867 y(\000)1769 -826 y(\000)1686 867 y(\000)1727 826 y(\000)1644 867 y(\000)1686 -826 y(\000)1603 867 y(\000)1644 826 y(\000)1561 867 y(\000)1603 -826 y(\000)g(\000)1561 950 y(\000)1561 909 y(\000)1852 950 -y(\000)1852 909 y(\000)p eop -%%Page: 28 64 -28 63 bop 0 50 a FB(28)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)0 -195 y FB(for)17 b(that)h(user)h(in)e(his)h(alterable)f(space)i(and)f(k)o(eep) -g(the)g(original)e(write{protected)k(page)d(for)h(the)g(remaining)0 -245 y(users)d(to)f(con)o(tin)o(ue)g(sharing.)0 330 y(In)d(our)g(example,)f -(write{protected)j(user)f(pages)g(are)f(in)g(the)h(high)e(address)j(half)d -(of)g(the)i(space)g(for)f(compatibilit)o(y)0 380 y(with)h(the)h(t)o(w)o -(o{part)e(protection)i(and)f(relo)q(cation)g(sc)o(heme)g(of)g(the)g(KA10.)18 -b(W)m(e)11 b(de\014ne)j(the)e(sup)q(ervisor)i(program)0 430 -y(as)e(con\014ned)h(to)f(pages)g(340)g(and)f(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)h(ev)o(en)h -(though)f(there)h(is)f(actually)f(nothing)g(to)h(prev)o(en)o(t)h(it)f(from)e -(reading)0 480 y(that)16 b(part)g(of)g(the)g(k)o(ernel)g(program)f(sho)o(wn)h -(in)f(the)i(lo)o(w)o(er)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)h(pages.)25 b(The)16 -b(reason)h(for)e(sp)q(ecifying)h(it)0 530 y(this)f(w)o(a)o(y)f(is)h(for)f -(compatibilit)o(y)e(with)j(the)g(KI10,)f(where)j(the)e(b)q(ottom)e(112K)i(of) -f(executiv)o(e)i(space)g(is)f(unpaged)0 580 y(and)f(accessible)h(only)e(in)g -(k)o(ernel)i(mo)q(de.)i(P)o(art)d(of)f(the)h(executiv)o(e)h(public)f(area)g -(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(write{protected;)i(and,)0 629 y(ev)o(en)g(though)g(the)g -(sup)q(ervisor)g(can)g(read)g(concealed)h(information,)12 b(it)j(cannot)h(c)o -(hange)g(a)f(concealed)i(lo)q(cation)0 679 y(whether)j(write{protected)g(or)e -(not.)31 b(F)m(or)17 b(executiv)o(e)j(concealed)f(areas,)g(the)g(distinction) -f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(writable)0 729 y(and)14 b(write{protected)j(applies)d -(only)f(to)i(k)o(ernel)g(mo)q(de.)j(As)d(in)f(the)h(case)h(of)d(concealed)j -(user)f(mo)q(de,)e(when)i(the)0 779 y(k)o(ernel)f(program)e(fetc)o(hes)i(an)f -(instruction)h(from)e(a)h(public)g(area,)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(returns)g(to) -e(sup)q(ervisor)h(mo)q(de.)0 829 y(With)f(TOPS{10)h(paging,)f(pages)h -(340{377)e(constitute)j(the)g(p)q(er{pro)q(cess)h(area,)e(whic)o(h)g(con)o -(tains)g(information)0 878 y(sp)q(eci\014c)g(to)e(individual)e(users)k(and)e -(whose)h(mapping)d(accompanies)i(the)h(user)g(page)g(map.)j(In)c(other)h(w)o -(ords,)f(the)0 928 y(ph)o(ysical)g(memory)e(corresp)q(onding)j(to)g(these)h -(virtual)d(pages)i(can)g(b)q(e)g(c)o(hanged)g(simply)d(b)o(y)j(switc)o(hing)f -(from)f(one)0 978 y(user)k(to)f(another,)g(rather)g(than)g(the)h(Monitor)e(c) -o(hanging)g(its)h(o)o(wn)g(page)f(map.)0 1064 y(In)d(the)h(executiv)o(e)h -(space)f(of)f(an)g(XKL)590 1060 y(-)602 1064 y(1)g(there)i(is)e(no)g -(requiremen)o(t)g(to)h(use)g(section)g(zero;)h(the)f(TOPS{20)f(monitor)0 -1113 y(a)o(v)o(oids)j(all)g(use)h(of)g(section)g(zero.)0 1199 -y(In)j(executiv)o(e)h(space)g(of)e(an)g(extended)j(KL10,)d(the)i(in)o -(terrupt)f(co)q(de)h(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)h(in)f(section)i(zero.)27 -b(The)18 b(rest)g(of)0 1249 y(the)13 b(KL10's)f(executiv)o(e)i(program)c(is)j -(usually)e(in)h(section)h(one;)g(but)f(the)h(t)o(w)o(o)f(sections)i(are)f -(mapp)q(ed)e(iden)o(tically)m(,)0 1299 y(so)19 b(a)f(giv)o(en)g(in{section)h -(address)h(in)e(either)i(section)f(refers)h(to)f(the)g(same)f(ph)o(ysical)g -(lo)q(cation.)31 b(In)19 b(terms)g(of)0 1348 y(instructions)g(implem)o(en)o -(ted)d(and)i(pro)q(cedures)i(used,)g(the)e(KS10)g(acts)h(lik)o(e)e(an)h -(extended)h(pro)q(cessor)h(that)e(is)0 1398 y(con\014ned)d(to)e(section)i -(zero.)0 1484 y(A)k(single{section)f(user)i(program)d(w)o(ould)h(ordinarily)f -(b)q(e)i(run)g(in)f(section)h(zero)g(for)g(compatibilit)o(y)c(with)j(an)0 -1534 y(unextended)e(pro)q(cessor.)22 b(F)m(or)15 b(the)g(m)o(ultisection)e -(case,)i(the)g(program)e(migh)o(t)g(b)q(e)i(in)f(section)i(1,)e(sp)q(ecial)h -(tables)0 1583 y(in)e(section)i(3,)e(and)h(a)f(large)h(data)g(structure,)h -(suc)o(h)g(as)f(an)f(immense)f(matrix,)g(migh)o(t)g(o)q(ccup)o(y)i(sections)h -(10{12.)0 1669 y(T)m(o)9 b(manage)f(the)j(system)e(e\013ectiv)o(ely)m(,)i -(the)f(Monitor)g(k)o(eeps)h(a)e(sp)q(ecial)h(table)g(for)g(eac)o(h)g(pro)q -(cess)i(in)d(eac)o(h)i(pro)q(cessor.)0 1719 y(These)i(pro)q(cess)h(tables)f -(are)f(de\014ned)i(in)d(ph)o(ysical)h(memory;)e(eac)o(h)j(requires)g(a)f -(single)g(page)g(whose)g(whereab)q(outs)0 1769 y(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)i(sp)q -(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(Monitor,)e(whic)o(h)h(k)o(eeps)h(an)f(executiv)o -(e)h(table)f(for)g(itself)g(and)g(a)g(user)h(table)f(for)f(eac)o(h)0 -1818 y(user.)27 b(In)16 b(a)g(TOPS{10)g(pro)q(cessor,)i(the)f(\014rst)h(half) -d(of)h(the)h(table)f(holds)g(the)h(page)f(map)f(for)h(the)h(pro)q(cess;)1728 -1803 y Fi(2)1765 1818 y FB(in)0 1868 y(a)d(TOPS{20)g(pro)q(cessor,)i(the)f -(pro)q(cess)i(table)d(con)o(tains)g(a)g(table)h(of)f(\(sup)q(er{\))h(section) -h(p)q(oin)o(ters)f(to)f(page)g(maps)0 1918 y(for)j(whatev)o(er)h(\(sup)q -(er{\))h(sections)f(are)g(in)e(use.)30 b(The)17 b(hardw)o(are)h(de\014nes)h -(the)e(use)i(of)d(man)o(y)g(other)h(lo)q(cations)0 1968 y(in)e(the)h(pro)q -(cess)i(tables,)e(esp)q(ecially)f(in)g(the)i(KL10:)k(these)c(include)e(lo)q -(cations)g(that)h(hold)f(trap)h(and)f(in)o(terrupt)0 2018 y(instructions,)e -(con)o(trol)g(blo)q(c)o(ks)g(for)g(c)o(hannels)g(and)g(fron)o(t{end)g(pro)q -(cessors,)i(and)d(v)n(arious)h(quan)o(tities)f(asso)q(ciated)0 -2067 y(with)h(paging)g(and)h(the)g(meters.)k(In)c(the)g(KS10)g(there)h(are)f -(no)f(con)o(trol)h(blo)q(c)o(ks)g(since)g(there)h(are)f(no)g(c)o(hannels)g -(or)0 2117 y(fron)o(t{end)i(pro)q(cessors;)i(moreo)o(v)o(er)d(timing)f -(information)f(and)i(man)o(y)f(of)h(the)i(w)o(ords)f(asso)q(ciated)h(with)e -(paging)0 2167 y(are)e(k)o(ept)g(in)g(the)g(w)o(orkspace)g(instead)g(of)g -(the)g(pro)q(cess)h(tables.)k(In)13 b(the)g(XKL)1224 2163 y(-)1237 -2167 y(1,)f(man)o(y)f(of)h(the)h(parameters)g(that)0 2217 y(con)o(trol)g(the) -h(paging)e(en)o(vironmen)o(t)g(are)h(k)o(ept)h(in)e(MemA.)g(P)o(arts)i(of)e -(a)h(pro)q(cess)i(table)e(not)g(used)h(b)o(y)f(or)g(set)h(aside)0 -2267 y(for)j(the)i(hardw)o(are)f(are)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(to)h(the)i(soft)o(w) -o(are.)29 b(In)18 b(eac)o(h)h(user)f(pro)q(cess)i(table)e(the)g(Monitor)f -(generally)0 2317 y(k)o(eeps)e(a)f(stac)o(k)g(for)g(use)h(with)e(the)i(pro)q -(cess,)g(job)f(tables,)g(and)f(v)n(arious)h(user)h(statistics)g(suc)o(h)f(as) -g(memory)e(space)0 2366 y(and)17 b(billing)e(information.)26 -b(In)17 b(the)h(text)g(the)g(phrase)g(\\user)g(pro)q(cess)h(table")e(refers)i -(to)e(the)h(table)f(curren)o(tly)0 2416 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)e(b)o(y)f(the)h -(Monitor)e(as)h(the)g(one)h(for)e(the)i(user,)f(ev)o(en)h(if)e(that)h(user)h -(is)e(not)h(curren)o(tly)h(running.)p 0 2451 720 2 v 46 2478 -a Fh(2)64 2489 y Fg(This)c(distinction)e(is)i(no)g(longer)f(strictly)g(true:) -k(adv)n(anced)9 b(v)o(ersions)h(of)h(TOPS{10)g(use)g(TOPS{20)g(paging.)p -eop -%%Page: 29 65 -29 64 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.5.)31 b(NUMBER)14 b(SYSTEM)1286 b FB(29)150 -195 y Fs(1.5)70 b(Num)n(b)r(er)20 b(System)150 322 y FB(F)m(undamen)o(tally)m -(,)d(the)j(computer)f(memory)d(stores)21 b(36)e(bits)g(\(i.e.,)g(binary)g -(digits\))g(in)f(eac)o(h)i(w)o(ord.)34 b(The)20 b(in-)150 372 -y(terpretation)g(of)e(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(a)f(memory)f(w)o(ord,)j -(whether)g(as)f(a)g(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)i(as)f(text,)h(as) -f(a)150 421 y(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)h(as)h(an)f -(instruction,)i(or)f(whatev)o(er)g(else,)h(rests)g(en)o(tirely)f(with)f(the)h -(programmer's)150 471 y(selection)13 b(of)e(whic)o(h)h(instruction\(s\))i(in) -o(terpret)f(the)g(data.)k(This)12 b(section)h(discusses)h(t)o(w)o(o)e(broad)g -(classes)h(of)f(data:)150 521 y(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)i(and)f(\015oating{p)q -(oin)o(t)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.)150 673 y Fx(1.5.1)55 b(Fixed{P)n(oin)n(t)19 -b(Num)n(b)r(ers)150 785 y FB(One)h(of)g(the)g(usual)f(in)o(terpretations)i -(of)e(a)h(data)f(w)o(ord)h(is)f(as)h(a)f(signed)h(in)o(teger)h(with)e(35)g -(magnitude)f(bits.)150 835 y(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)13 b(a)g(program)f(can)h(in)o -(terpret)h(a)f(data)g(w)o(ord)g(as)g(a)g(36{bit,)f(unsigned)h(binary)g(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er,)f(or)h(the)h(left)f(and)150 885 y(righ)o(t)j(halv)o(es)g(of)g -(a)g(w)o(ord)g(can)g(b)q(e)h(tak)o(en)g(as)f(separate)i(18{bit)d(n)o(um)o(b)q -(ers.)25 b(The)17 b(PDP{10)f(rep)q(ertory)h(includes)150 935 -y(instructions)e(that)g(add)f(or)h(subtract)h(one)e(from)f(b)q(oth)i(halv)o -(es)f(of)g(a)g(w)o(ord,)g(so)h(the)g(righ)o(t)f(half)g(can)h(b)q(e)g(used)g -(for)150 985 y(address)h(mo)q(di\014cation)c(when)j(the)g(w)o(ord)g(is)f -(addressed)i(as)f(an)f(index)h(register,)g(while)f(the)h(left)g(half)e(is)i -(used)g(to)150 1034 y(k)o(eep)g(a)e(con)o(trol)h(coun)o(t.)150 -1120 y(The)k(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)g(arithmetic)e(instructions)j(use)f(t)o(w)o -(os{complemen)o(t)d(represen)o(tations)20 b(to)e(do)f(binary)g(arith-)150 -1170 y(metic.)g(In)d(a)f(w)o(ord)g(used)i(as)e(a)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)e(bit)h -(0)h(\(the)g(leftmost)e(bit\))i(represen)o(ts)i(the)e(sign:)k(0)13 -b(for)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e,)g(1)g(for)150 1220 y(negativ)o(e.)19 -b(In)14 b(a)f(p)q(ositiv)o(e)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(the)g(remaining)e(thirt)o -(y{\014v)o(e)i(bits)g(are)h(the)g(magnitude)d(in)i(ordinary)f(binary)150 -1269 y(notation.)k(In)c(a)g(negativ)o(e)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(the)i(sign)f(bit) -g(is)g(1)h(and)f(the)h(remaining)d(bits)i(are)h(the)g(t)o(w)o(os)f(complemen) -o(t)f(of)150 1319 y(the)i(magnitude.)150 1405 y(Arithmetically)m(,)g(if)h -Fr(x)h FB(is)g(an)h Fr(n)p FB({bit)e(binary)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)g(its)g(t)o(w) -o(os)g(complemen)o(t)e(is)i(2)1490 1390 y Fo(n)1522 1405 y -Fz(\000)10 b Fr(x)o FB(.)25 b(The)17 b(t)o(w)o(os)f(comple-)150 -1455 y(men)o(t)e(is)h(actually)f(formed)g(b)o(y)h(computing)e(the)j(equiv)n -(alen)o(t,)e(\(2)1184 1440 y Fo(n)1216 1455 y Fz(\000)c FB(1\))f -Fz(\000)g Fr(x)g FB(+)h(1.)21 b(Although)15 b(the)g(latter)h(seems)150 -1504 y(more)g(complicated,)f(it)i(is)f(quite)h(easy)g(to)g(do)f(in)h(hardw)o -(are.)27 b(The)17 b(expression)h(\(2)1493 1489 y Fo(n)1524 -1504 y Fz(\000)10 b FB(1\))f Fz(\000)h Fr(x)16 b FB(represen)o(ts)j(the)150 -1554 y(ones)e(complemen)o(t)e(\(also)h(called)h(the)g(logical)e(complemen)o -(t,)g(or)i(simply)e(the)i(complemen)o(t\))e(of)h Fr(x)p FB(.)26 -b(The)17 b(ones)150 1604 y(complemen)o(t)e(is)h(easy)i(to)e(compute)h(b)q -(ecause)h(\(2)942 1589 y Fo(n)974 1604 y Fz(\000)10 b FB(1\))16 -b(is)h(a)g(w)o(ord)f(con)o(taining)g Fr(n)h FB(consecutiv)o(e)h(1s.)27 -b(When)17 b Fr(x)150 1654 y FB(is)g(subtracted)h(from)d(a)i(w)o(ord)f(con)o -(taining)g(all)f(ones,)j(the)f(result)h(is)f(a)f(w)o(ord)h(in)f(whic)o(h)h -(ev)o(ery)g(bit)g(that)g(w)o(as)f(1)150 1704 y(in)f Fr(x)g -FB(is)g(no)o(w)g(0,)g(and)g(ev)o(ery)h(bit)g(that)f(w)o(as)g(0)g(in)g -Fr(x)g FB(is)g(no)o(w)g(1.)23 b(Th)o(us)15 b(eac)o(h)h(bit)f(of)g -Fr(x)g FB(has)g(b)q(een)i(c)o(hanged)f(to)f(its)150 1753 y(complemen)o(t.)25 -b(T)m(o)16 b(form)f(the)j(t)o(w)o(os)f(complemen)o(t)e(of)h -Fr(x)p FB(,)h(1)f(is)h(added)h(to)e(the)i(ones)f(complemen)o(t)e(of)i -Fr(x)p FB(.)26 b(\(The)150 1803 y(adder)13 b(is)f(directed)i(to)e(use)h(the)h -(ones)f(complemen)o(t)d(of)i(its)g(input)g(as)h(one)f(op)q(erand,)h(zero)g -(as)g(the)g(other)g(op)q(erand,)150 1853 y(and)e(a)h(carry)g(is)f(injected)h -(at)g(the)g(righ)o(t)f(end)h(of)f(the)h(adder;)g(the)g(result)h(is)e(the)h(t) -o(w)o(os{complemen)o(t)d(of)i(the)h(orginal)150 1903 y(op)q(erand.\))349 -2033 y(+153)444 2039 y Fi(10)521 2033 y FB(=)41 b(+231)689 -2039 y Fi(8)749 2033 y FB(=)p 823 1994 928 2 v 823 2046 2 52 -v 56 w(000)13 b(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)h(000)f(000)g(000)g(000)g(010)g(011)g -(001)p 1749 2046 V 823 2048 928 2 v 349 2161 a Fz(\000)p FB(153)444 -2167 y Fi(10)521 2161 y FB(=)41 b Fz(\000)p FB(231)689 2167 -y Fi(8)749 2161 y FB(=)p 823 2122 V 823 2173 2 52 v 56 w(111)13 -b(111)g(111)g(111)g(111)h(111)f(111)g(111)g(111)g(101)g(100)g(111)p -1749 2173 V 823 2175 928 2 v 837 2080 a Fi(0)859 b(35)837 2205 -y(0)g(35)150 2305 y FB(A)9 b(t)o(w)o(os{complemen)o(t)e(addition)i(actually)f -(acts)i(as)g(though)f(the)h(w)o(ords)g(represen)o(ted)i(36{bit)c(unsigned)i -(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers;)150 2355 y(i.e.,)16 b(the)h(sign)f(bits)g(are)h(treated)g -(just)g(the)g(same)f(as)g(the)h(magnitude)e(bits.)25 b(In)17 -b(the)g(absence)h(of)e(a)g(carry)h(in)o(to)150 2405 y(the)i(sign)f(stage,)h -(adding)e(t)o(w)o(o)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(with)h(the)h(same)e(sign)h(pro)q -(duces)i(a)e(plus)g(sign)g(in)f(the)i(result.)32 b(The)150 -2455 y(presence)18 b(of)e(a)f(carry)i(giv)o(es)f(a)f(p)q(ositiv)o(e)h(answ)o -(er)g(when)h(the)f(addends)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(di\013eren)o(t)h(signs.)24 -b(The)16 b(result)h(has)150 2504 y(a)e(min)o(us)f(sign)g(when)i(there)h(is)e -(a)g(carry)g(in)o(to)g(the)h(sign)f(bit)g(and)g(the)g(addends)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f -(the)h(same)f(sign,)f(or)h(when)150 2554 y(the)e(addends)h(ha)o(v)o(e)e -(di\013eren)o(t)i(signs)f(and)g(there)h(is)e(no)h(carry)m(.)18 -b(Th)o(us)13 b(the)g(program)e(can)i(in)o(terpret)h(the)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers) -150 2604 y(pro)q(cessed)h(in)d(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)g(addition)g(and)g -(subtraction)h(as)g(signed)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(with)g(thirt)o(y{\014v)o(e)h -(magnitude)e(bits)p eop -%%Page: 30 66 -30 65 bop 0 50 a FB(30)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)0 -195 y FB(or)14 b(as)g(unsigned)g(36{bit)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.)0 -281 y(A)i(computation)f(on)h(signed)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(pro)q(duces)i(a)e -(result)h(that)f(is)g(correct)i(as)e(an)g(unsigned)h(36{bit)e(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)0 330 y(ev)o(en)i(if)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(o)q(ccurs.)25 -b(The)16 b(hardw)o(are)g(in)o(terprets)h(the)f(result)h(as)e(a)h(signed)f(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)g(for)h(the)g(purp)q(ose)h(of)0 380 y(detecting)d(and)e -(indicating)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w.)17 b(Adding)c(t)o(w)o(o)f(p)q(ositiv)o(e)h -(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(whose)h(sum)f(is)h(greater)h(than)f(or)f(equal)0 -430 y(to)j(2)73 415 y Fi(35)123 430 y FB(giv)o(es)f(a)h(negativ)o(e)g -(result,)g(indicating)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w;)g(but)i(that)f(result,)g(whic)o -(h)g(has)g(a)g(1)f(in)h(the)g(sign)g(bit,)f(is)0 480 y(the)h(correct)g(answ)o -(er)g(in)o(terpreted)g(as)f(a)g(36{bit)f(unsigned)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(in)h(p) -q(ositiv)o(e)f(form.)k(Similarl)o(y)m(,)10 b(adding)j(t)o(w)o(o)0 -530 y(negativ)o(es)h(giv)o(es)g(a)f(result)i(whic)o(h)f(is)g(alw)o(a)o(ys)e -(correct)k(as)e(an)g(unsigned)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(in)g(negativ)o(e)h(form.)0 -615 y(Zero)20 b(is)g(represen)o(ted)i(b)o(y)e(a)f(w)o(ord)h(con)o(taining)e -(all)h(0s.)35 b(Complemen)o(ting)17 b(this)j(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(pro)q(duces)k -(a)d(w)o(ord)0 665 y(con)o(taining)11 b(all)f(1s,)i(and)g(adding)f(1)h(to)g -(that)g(pro)q(duces)h(all)e(0s)h(again.)k(Hence,)d(there)g(is)f(only)f(one)h -(represen)o(tation)0 715 y(for)g(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)d(zero)j(and)e(its)h -(sign)f(is)h(p)q(ositiv)o(e.)k(Since)c(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(are)g -(symmetrical)d(in)i(magnitude)f(ab)q(out)0 765 y(a)g(single)g(zero)h -(represen)o(tation,)g(all)e(ev)o(en)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)f(b)q(oth)g(p)q -(ositiv)o(e)g(and)g(negativ)o(e,)g(end)g(in)g(0.)17 b(All)10 -b(o)q(dd)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)0 815 y(end)16 b(in)f(1.)23 b(\(A)16 -b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(con)o(taining)g(all)f(1s)i(represen)o(ts)i -Fz(\000)p FB(1.\))24 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)16 b(since)h(there)g(are)f(the)g -(same)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)0 864 y(of)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(with)f(eac)o(h)i -(sign)e(and)h(zero)h(has)f(a)f(plus)h(sign,)f(there)i(is)f(one)g(more)f -(negativ)o(e)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(than)h(there)0 914 y(are)k(strictly)h(p)q -(ositiv)o(e)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(\(non{zero)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)e(with)h(a)g -(plus)g(sign\).)33 b(This)18 b(is)h(the)h(largest)f(negativ)o(e)0 -964 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(and)h(it)f(cannot)i(b)q(e)f(pro)q(duced)h(b)o(y)f -(negating)f(an)o(y)h(p)q(ositiv)o(e)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)30 b(Its)18 -b(o)q(ctal)g(represen)o(tation)h(is)0 1014 y(400000000000)m(,)d(meaning)e -Fz(\000)p FB(2)498 999 y Fi(35)533 1014 y FB(,)i(i.e.,)e(decimal)g -({34,359,738,38)o(6.)21 b(The)16 b(magnitude)e(of)h(this)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -(is)h(one)0 1064 y(greater)f(than)f(the)g(largest)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e)g(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er.)0 1149 y(If)j(ones)h(complemen)o(t)d(w)o(ere)k(used)f(for)f(negativ) -o(es)h(a)f(p)q(erson)h(could)f(read)h(a)f(negativ)o(e)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(b)o -(y)h(attac)o(hing)0 1199 y(signi\014cance)f(to)e(the)i(0s)f(instead)h(of)e -(the)i(1s.)22 b(In)15 b(t)o(w)o(os)g(complemen)o(t)e(notation)h(eac)o(h)h -(negativ)o(e)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(is)g(one)0 1249 y(greater)h(than)e(the)h -(complemen)o(t)d(of)i(the)h(p)q(ositiv)o(e)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(the)h -(same)f(magnitude,)f(so)h(a)g(negativ)o(e)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)0 -1299 y(can)d(b)q(e)h(read)f(b)o(y)g(attac)o(hing)g(signi\014cance)g(to)g(the) -h(righ)o(tmost)d(1)i(and)g(to)g(the)g(0s)h(to)f(the)g(left)g(of)f(it.)17 -b(\(The)c(negativ)o(e)0 1348 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)j(of)f(largest)i(magnitude)e -(has)h(a)g(1)g(in)g(only)f(the)i(sign)f(p)q(osition.\))25 b(In)16 -b(a)g(negativ)o(e)h(in)o(teger,)g(1s)f(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)0 1398 -y(discarded)g(at)e(the)i(left,)e(just)h(as)g(leading)f(0s)h(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i -(dropp)q(ed)g(in)g(a)f(p)q(ositiv)o(e)h(in)o(teger.)18 b(In)13 -b(a)f(negativ)o(e)h(fraction,)0 1448 y(0s)j(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j(discarded)g(at)f -(the)h(righ)o(t.)24 b(So)16 b(long)f(as)h(only)g(0s)g(are)g(discarded,)h(the) -g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(remains)f(in)g(t)o(w)o(os{)0 1498 y(complemen)o(t)e(form) -g(b)q(ecause)k(it)e(still)f(has)h(a)g(1)g(that)g(p)q(ossesses)j -(signi\014cance;)d(but)h(if)e(a)h(p)q(ortion)f(including)g(the)0 -1548 y(righ)o(tmost)e(1)g(is)h(discarded,)h(the)g(remaining)d(part)i(of)g -(the)h(fraction)e(is)h(no)o(w)g(a)g(ones{complemen)o(t)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)17 -b(F)m(or)0 1597 y(example,)e(single{precision)g(m)o(ultiplication)e(\(the)j -Fu(MUL)h FB(instruction\))f(pro)q(duces)h(a)f(double{length)g(pro)q(duct;)0 -1647 y(the)j(programmer)d(m)o(ust)i(remem)o(b)q(er)g(that)g(discarding)h(the) -g(lo)o(w{order)f(part)h(of)f(a)g(double{length)g(negativ)o(e)0 -1697 y(lea)o(v)o(es)c(the)g(high{order)g(part)g(in)g(correct)h(t)o(w)o -(os{complemen)o(t)d(form)g(only)h(if)g(the)i(lo)o(w{order)e(part)h(is)g -(zero.)0 1783 y(The)d(computer)f(do)q(es)h(not)g(k)o(eep)g(trac)o(k)g(of)f(a) -g(binary)g(p)q(oin)o(t|the)g(programmer)e(m)o(ust)i(adopt)g(a)g(p)q(oin)o(t)g -(con)o(v)o(en)o(tion)0 1832 y(and)j(shift)g(the)h(magnitude)e(of)h(the)h -(result)g(to)f(conform)f(to)i(the)g(con)o(v)o(en)o(tion)f(used.)18 -b(Tw)o(o)13 b(common)e(con)o(v)o(en)o(tions)0 1882 y(are)h(to)g(regard)g(a)g -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(as)h(an)g(in)o(teger)g(\(binary)f(p)q(oin)o(t)h(at)f(the)i -(righ)o(t\))e(or)h(as)g(a)g(prop)q(er)g(fraction)g(\(binary)f(p)q(oin)o(t)0 -1932 y(at)i(the)g(left\);)g(in)f(these)i(t)o(w)o(o)f(cases)h(the)f(range)g -(of)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(represen)o(ted)k(b)o(y)c(a)h(single)f(w)o(ord)h(is)g -Fz(\000)p FB(2)1568 1917 y Fi(35)1616 1932 y FB(to)f(2)1686 -1917 y Fi(35)1728 1932 y Fz(\000)c FB(1,)0 1982 y(or)14 b Fz(\000)p -FB(1)g(to)g(1)9 b Fz(\000)h FB(2)262 1967 y Ff(\000)p Fi(35)323 -1982 y FB(.)18 b(Since)d(m)o(ultiplicatio)o(n)c(and)j(division)f(mak)o(e)g -(use)i(of)e(double{length)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)f(there)j(are)0 -2032 y(sp)q(ecial)e(instructions)h(for)e(p)q(erforming)g(these)i(op)q -(erations)f(with)g(in)o(tegral)f(op)q(erands.)0 2117 y(The)h(format)e(for)i -(double{length)f(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(is)h(just)g(an)g -(extension)g(of)g(the)g(single{length)f(format.)0 2167 y(The)f(magnitude)e -(\(or)h(its)h(t)o(w)o(os{complemen)o(t\))d(is)i(the)h(70{bit)f(string)g(in)g -(bits)h(1{35)e(of)h(the)h(high{)f(and)g(lo)o(w{order)0 2217 -y(w)o(ords.)18 b(Bit)11 b(0)h(of)f(the)h(high{order)g(w)o(ord)g(is)f(the)i -(sign,)e(and)h(bit)f(0)h(of)f(the)h(lo)o(w{order)f(w)o(ord)h(is)g(made)e -(equal)i(to)f(the)0 2267 y(sign)h(in)g(an)o(y)h(result.)18 -b(The)13 b(range)g(for)f(double{length)h(in)o(tegers)g(and)f(prop)q(er)i -(fractions)f(is)f(th)o(us)h Fz(\000)p FB(2)1580 2252 y Fi(70)1628 -2267 y FB(to)g(2)1699 2252 y Fi(70)1740 2267 y Fz(\000)7 b -FB(1)0 2317 y(and)15 b Fz(\000)p FB(1)g(to)g(1)10 b Fz(\000)g -FB(2)296 2301 y Ff(\000)p Fi(70)357 2317 y FB(.)21 b(The)16 -b(double{precision)f(instructions)h(actually)e(use)i(quadruple{length)f(n)o -(um)o(b)q(ers)f(for)0 2366 y(pro)q(ducts)k(and)f(dividends.)27 -b(Num)o(b)q(ers)17 b(of)f(an)o(y)g(length)h(are)g(just)h(a)e(further)i -(extension)g(of)e(the)h(basic)g(format:)0 2416 y(thirt)o(y{\014v)o(e)g -(additional)e(bits)i(of)f(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(in)h(eac)o(h)g(lo)o(w)o -(er{order)g(w)o(ord,)g(with)g(bit)g(0)f(made)g(equal)h(to)f(the)0 -2466 y(sign)h(in)f(results.)28 b(Remem)o(b)q(er)15 b(that)i(truncating)g(a)g -(m)o(ultiple{length)d(negativ)o(e)j(requires)h(an)e(adjustmen)o(t)g(for)0 -2516 y(the)j(t)o(w)o(os{complemen)o(t)c(unless)k(the)g(part)f(discarded)h(is) -f(zero.)32 b(The)18 b(con)o(v)o(en)o(tion)g(for)g(bit)g(0)f(of)h(lo)o(w)o -(er{order)0 2566 y(w)o(ords)h(is)f(inconsisten)o(t)i(with)e(that)g(used)i -(for)e(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(format)g(\(see)j(b)q(elo)o(w\).)32 -b(This)18 b(do)q(es)h(not)g(a\013ect)0 2615 y(the)h(arithmetic)e -(instructions)i(themselv)o(es,)h(as)e(they)h(ignore)f(bit)g(0)g(in)g(all)f -(lo)o(w)o(er{order)h(w)o(ords.)35 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)p eop -%%Page: 31 67 -31 66 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.5.)31 b(NUMBER)14 b(SYSTEM)1286 b FB(31)150 -195 y(the)19 b(instructions)h(that)e(negate)i(a)e(double{w)o(ord)g(\(e.g.,)h -Fu(DMO)o(VN)p FB(\))g(follo)o(w)d(the)k(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)d(con)o(v)o -(en)o(tion.)150 245 y(This)d(means)f(that,)g(if)g(suc)o(h)h(instructions)h -(are)f(used)g(for)g(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)g(a)h(problem)e -(could)h(arise)h(when)150 295 y(comparing)e(one)i(double{precision)g(in)o -(teger)g(with)g(another.)150 447 y Fx(1.5.2)55 b(Floating)18 -b(P)n(oin)n(t)i(Num)n(b)r(ers)150 559 y FB(The)15 b(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)d -(instructions)j(pro)o(vide)f(for)g(con)o(v)o(ersion)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i -(\014xed)e(and)g(\015oating)f(forms)g(and)h(handle)150 609 -y(b)q(oth)j(single{)f(and)g(double{precision)h(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(n)o -(um)o(b)q(ers.)26 b(The)17 b(same)e(format)g(is)i(used)g(for)f(a)h(single{) -150 659 y(precision)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(and)f(the)i(high{order)f(w)o(ord)g -(of)f(a)g(double{precision)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)i(A)d(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e -(instruc-)150 708 y(tion)18 b(in)o(terprets)i(bit)e(0)g(as)g(the)h(sign)f -(but)h(in)o(terprets)h(the)f(rest)h(of)d(the)i(w)o(ord)g(as)f(an)g(8{bit)g -(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(and)f(a)150 758 y(27{bit)c(fraction.)19 b(F)m(or)c(a)f(p)q -(ositiv)o(e)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)g(the)h(sign)f(is)h(0,)f(as)h(b)q(efore.)21 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)14 b(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)f(bits)h(9{35)150 -808 y(are)g(no)o(w)f(in)o(terpreted)i(as)f(a)f(binary)h(fraction)f(and)g(the) -h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(bits)h(1{8)e(are)i(in)o(terpreted)i(as)d(an)h(in)o -(tegral)150 858 y(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(in)e(excess{128)i(\(decimal,)d(i.e.,)g -(excess{200)1039 864 y Fi(8)1059 858 y FB(\))i(co)q(de.)21 -b(Exp)q(onen)o(ts)16 b(from)d(\(decimal\))h Fz(\000)p FB(128)g(to)g(+127)150 -908 y(are)i(therefore)i(represen)o(ted)h(b)o(y)c(the)i(binary)e(equiv)n(alen) -o(ts)h(of)f(0)h(to)g(255)f(\(i.e.,)g(000)1479 914 y Fi(8)1513 -908 y FB({)h(377)1613 914 y Fi(8)1631 908 y FB(\).)24 b(Floating{p)q(oin)o(t) -150 958 y(zero)16 b(is)f(represen)o(ted)i(b)o(y)e(a)g(w)o(ord)g(con)o -(taining)f(all)f(0s.)22 b(Negativ)o(e)15 b(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(n)o(um)o -(b)q(ers)i(is)f(represen)o(ted)k(b)o(y)150 1007 y(the)f(t)o(w)o(os{complemen) -o(t)d(of)i(its)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e)h(coun)o(terpart.)27 b(A)16 -b(negativ)o(e)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(has)i(a)f(1)g(for)g(its)h(sign)f(and)g(the) -150 1057 y(t)o(w)o(os{complemen)o(t)c(of)i(the)i(fraction;)e(since)i(ev)o -(ery)f(fraction)f(m)o(ust)g(ordinarily)f(con)o(tain)i(a)f(1)g(unless)i(the)f -(en)o(tire)150 1107 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(is)g(zero)h(\(see)h(b)q(elo)o(w\),)e -(it)g(has)g(the)h(ones{complemen)o(t)e(of)h(the)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(co)q(de)g -(in)f(bits)g(1{8.)k(Since)d(the)150 1157 y(exp)q(onen)o(t)f(is)f(in)f -(excess{128)i(co)q(de,)g(an)f(actual)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)i Fr(x)f -FB(is)g(represen)o(ted)i(in)e(a)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(b)o(y)f -Fr(x)5 b FB(+)g(128,)150 1207 y(in)12 b(a)h(negativ)o(e)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(b)o(y)h(127)7 b Fz(\000)g Fr(x)p FB(.)16 b(The)d(programmer,)e(ho)o(w)o(ev)o -(er,)h(need)i(not)f(b)q(e)g(o)o(v)o(erly)f(concerned)j(with)d(the)150 -1256 y(details)i(of)g(these)i(represen)o(tations)g(b)q(ecause)g(the)f(hardw)o -(are)g(comp)q(ensates)g(automatically)l(.)i(F)m(or)d(example,)e(for)150 -1306 y(the)g(instruction)f(that)g(scales)h(the)g(exp)q(onen)o(t,)g(the)f -(hardw)o(are)h(in)o(terprets)g(the)g(in)o(tegral)e(scale)i(factor)f(in)g -(standard)150 1356 y(t)o(w)o(os{complemen)o(t)g(form)i(but)h(pro)q(duces)h -(the)g(correct)g(ones)g(complemen)o(t)d(result)i(for)g(the)g(exp)q(onen)o(t.) -340 1481 y(+153)435 1487 y Fi(10)511 1481 y FB(=)42 b(+231)680 -1487 y Fi(8)740 1481 y FB(=)g(+0)p Fr(:)p FB(462)942 1487 y -Fi(8)968 1481 y Fz(\002)10 b FB(2)1031 1466 y Fi(8)740 1572 -y FB(=)p 814 1533 947 2 v 814 1585 2 52 v 56 w(0)18 b(10)13 -b(001)g(000)h(100)f(110)g(010)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)p -1758 1585 V 814 1587 947 2 v 340 1693 a Fz(\000)p FB(153)435 -1699 y Fi(10)511 1693 y FB(=)42 b Fz(\000)p FB(231)680 1699 -y Fi(8)740 1693 y FB(=)g Fz(\000)p FB(0)p Fr(:)p FB(462)942 -1699 y Fi(8)968 1693 y Fz(\002)10 b FB(2)1031 1678 y Fi(8)740 -1785 y FB(=)p 814 1746 V 814 1798 2 52 v 56 w(1)18 b(01)13 -b(110)g(111)h(011)f(001)g(110)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)p -1758 1798 V 814 1800 947 2 v 830 1619 a Fi(0)24 b(1)154 b(8)20 -b(9)622 b(35)p 858 1585 2 50 v 1070 1585 V 830 1831 a(0)24 -b(1)154 b(8)20 b(9)622 b(35)p 858 1796 V 1070 1796 V 150 1929 -a FB(The)17 b(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(instructions)h(assume)g(that)g(all)f -(non{zero)h(op)q(erands)h(are)f(normalized.)26 b(The)17 b(\015oating{)150 -1979 y(p)q(oin)o(t)c(instructions)g(normalize)f(a)h(non{zero)g(result.)19 -b(A)13 b(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)i(is)g(considered)h -(normalized)e(if)150 2029 y(the)i(magnitude)d(of)i(the)h(fraction)e(is)i -(greater)g(than)f(or)g(equal)g(to)1187 2013 y Fi(1)p 1187 2020 -17 2 v 1187 2043 a(2)1222 2029 y FB(and)g(less)g(than)h(1.)j(The)d(hardw)o -(are)f(ma)o(y)f(giv)o(e)150 2079 y(incorrect)j(or)e(imprecise)g(results)h(if) -f(the)h(program)e(supplies)h(an)h(op)q(erand)f(that)h(is)f(not)g(normalized)f -(or)h(that)h(has)150 2129 y(a)g(zero)g(fraction)g(with)f(a)h(non{zero)g(exp)q -(onen)o(t.)150 2214 y(Single{precision)19 b(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(n)o(um)o -(b)q(ers)i(ha)o(v)o(e)g(a)f(fractional)g(range)h(in)f(magnitude)f(of)1679 -2198 y Fi(1)p 1679 2205 V 1679 2228 a(2)1721 2214 y FB(to)h(1)13 -b Fz(\000)h FB(2)1878 2199 y Ff(\000)p Fi(27)1938 2214 y FB(,)150 -2264 y(ab)q(out)k(eigh)o(t)f(signi\014can)o(t)h(decimal)e(digits.)30 -b(Increasing)18 b(the)h(length)f(of)f(a)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(to)h(t)o(w)o(o)f -(w)o(ords)h(do)q(es)h(not)150 2314 y(signi\014can)o(tly)11 -b(c)o(hange)i(the)g(range)f(but)h(rather)g(increases)h(the)f(precision;)g(in) -f(an)o(y)g(format)e(the)j(magnitude)e(range)150 2364 y(of)17 -b(the)h(fraction)f(is)483 2347 y Fi(1)p 483 2354 V 483 2378 -a(2)521 2364 y FB(to)h(1)f(decreased)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(v)n(alue)f(of)g(the)h -(least{signi\014can)o(t)e(bit.)28 b(In)18 b(these)h(formats)c(the)150 -2413 y(exp)q(onen)o(t)f(range)f(is)g Fz(\000)p FB(128)f(to)h(+127,)f(giving)g -(a)h(decimal)e(range)i(of)g(appro)o(ximately)d(1)p Fr(:)p FB(5)c -Fz(\002)i FB(10)1638 2398 y Ff(\000)p Fi(39)1712 2413 y FB(to)13 -b(1)p Fr(:)p FB(7)6 b Fz(\002)i FB(10)1904 2398 y Fi(38)1938 -2413 y FB(.)150 2463 y(The)14 b(G{format)e(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)g(n)o(um)o -(b)q(ers)h(\(describ)q(ed)j(b)q(elo)o(w\))e(extend)h(the)f(range)h(of)e(the)h -(exp)q(onen)o(t.)150 2549 y(The)21 b(precaution)f(ab)q(out)g(truncation)g -(giv)o(en)g(for)g(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)g(m)o(ultiplicati)o(on)d(applies)j(to)g -(single{precision)150 2599 y(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)14 b(op)q(erations)h(b)q -(ecause)i(they)f(are)g(done)f(in)g(extra)h(length;)g(but)f(the)h(programmer)d -(ma)o(y)g(request)p eop -%%Page: 32 68 -32 67 bop 0 50 a FB(32)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)0 -195 y FB(rounding,)15 b(whic)o(h)h(automatically)d(restores)18 -b(the)e(high{order)g(part)g(\(the)h(result\))g(to)e(t)o(w)o(os{complemen)o(t) -f(form)0 245 y(if)e(it)h(is)h(negativ)o(e.)j(In)d(double{precision)f -(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(instructions,)h(all)f(op)q(erands)j(and)e(results)h -(are)g(double)0 295 y(length,)19 b(and)e(all)g(instructions)i(calculate)f(an) -g(extra)h(length{answ)o(er,)g(whic)o(h)f(is)f(rounded)i(to)f(double)g(length) -0 345 y(with)d(the)i(appropriate)e(adjustmen)o(t)g(for)g(a)h(t)o(w)o -(os{complemen)o(t)d(negativ)o(e.)23 b(In)16 b(double{precision)g(format)d -(the)0 394 y(high{order)h(w)o(ord)g(is)g(the)g(same)f(as)i(a)e -(single{precision)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(and)h(bits)g(1{35)f(of)g(the)i(lo)o -(w{order)f(w)o(ord)g(are)0 444 y(simply)h(an)i(extension)h(of)f(the)g -(fraction,)h(whic)o(h)f(is)g(no)o(w)f(sixt)o(y{t)o(w)o(o)h(bits,)g(or)g(o)o -(v)o(er)h(eigh)o(teen)g(decimal)d(digits.)0 494 y(Bit)f(0)f(of)h(the)g(lo)o -(w{order)f(w)o(ord)h(is)g(made)f(0)g(in)g(a)h(result)h(but)f(it)f(is)h -(ignored)f(in)h(all)e(op)q(erands;)j(e.g.,)d(the)j(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)0 -544 y(2)21 529 y Fi(18)65 544 y FB(+)10 b(2)128 529 y Ff(\000)p -Fi(18)202 544 y FB(has)k(this)g(t)o(w)o(o{w)o(ord)f(represen)o(tation)j(in)d -(double{precision)h(format,)p 427 635 947 2 v 427 687 2 52 -v 441 674 a(0)k(10)c(010)f(011)g(100)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)h -(000)f(000)p 1371 687 V 427 689 947 2 v 427 762 V 427 814 2 -52 v 441 802 a(0)18 b(00)c(000)f(000)g(010)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)g -(000)h(000)f(000)p 1371 814 V 427 816 947 2 v 443 721 a Fi(0)21 -b(1)157 b(8)20 b(9)623 b(35)p 471 687 2 50 v 681 687 V 443 -850 a(0)21 b(1)834 b(35)p 471 814 V 0 946 a FB(and)14 b(its)g(negativ)o(e)f -(is)p 427 1037 947 2 v 427 1089 2 52 v 441 1077 a(1)18 b(01)c(101)f(100)g -(011)g(111)g(111)g(111)g(111)g(111)g(111)h(111)f(111)p 1371 -1089 V 427 1091 947 2 v 427 1165 V 427 1216 2 52 v 441 1204 -a(0)18 b(11)c(111)f(111)g(110)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)h(000)f -(000)p 1371 1216 V 427 1218 947 2 v 443 1123 a Fi(0)21 b(1)157 -b(8)20 b(9)623 b(35)p 471 1089 2 50 v 681 1089 V 443 1252 a(0)21 -b(1)834 b(35)p 471 1218 V 0 1387 a Fx(1.5.3)55 b(G{format)18 -b(Floating{P)n(oin)n(t)h(Num)n(b)r(ers)0 1499 y FB(A)13 b(collection)g(of)g -(instructions)h(to)f(handle)g(extended{range)i(\(or)e(\\)p -Fw(giant)t FB("\))g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(has)i(b)q -(een)0 1549 y(included)i(in)f(the)h(KL10,)f(and)h(XKL)592 1545 -y(-)604 1549 y(1.)637 1534 y Fi(3)678 1549 y FB(These)h(instructions)f -(include)g(the)g(usual)g(arithmetic)e(op)q(erations)i(as)0 -1599 y(w)o(ell)g(as)h(con)o(v)o(ersions)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(G{format)c -(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(and)h(in)o(tegers,)h(double)e(w) -o(ord)h(in)o(tegers,)0 1649 y(single{precision)h(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t,)g -(and)g(double{precision)h(\015oating)f(p)q(oin)o(t.)31 b(The)19 -b(G{format)d(op)q(erands)k(are)0 1699 y(similar)14 b(to)j(double{precision)g -(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers;)i(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)h(in)e -(G{format)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)j(the)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)0 1749 -y(\014eld)f(has)g(b)q(een)i(expanded)f(b)o(y)e(three)j(bits)e(at)g(the)h(exp) -q(ense)h(of)d(losing)g(bits)i(in)e(the)i(fraction.)24 b(F)m(or)16 -b(this)g(small)0 1798 y(loss)e(in)f(precision,)h(one)g(decimal)e(digit)h(of)h -(signi\014cance,)f(the)i(range)f(has)g(b)q(een)h(greatly)f(extended.)0 -1884 y(In)f(G{format,)d(bit)i(0)h(of)f(the)h(\014rst)h(w)o(ord)e(is)h(in)o -(terpreted)i(as)d(the)i(sign;)e(the)h(next)h(elev)o(en)f(bits)g(are)g(the)h -(exp)q(onen)o(t;)0 1934 y(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y{four)h(bits)g(of)g(binary)g -(fraction)f(follo)o(w)g(in)h(the)g(\014rst)h(w)o(ord)g(with)f(thirt)o -(y{\014v)o(e)g(additional)e(fraction)i(bits)0 1984 y(in)h(the)g(second)h(w)o -(ord,)f(for)g(a)f(total)h(of)f(\014ft)o(y{nine)g(fraction)h(bits.)24 -b(F)m(or)16 b(p)q(ositiv)o(e)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)h(the)h(sign)e(is)h(0;)g -(the)0 2033 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(bits)g(1{11)g(are)h(in)o(terpreted)h(as)f -(an)f(in)o(tegral)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(in)f(excess{1024)i(\(decimal,)d(i.e.,)g -(excess{)0 2083 y(2000)84 2089 y Fi(8)102 2083 y FB(\))i(co)q(de.)28 -b(Exp)q(onen)o(ts)18 b(from)d(decimal)g Fz(\000)p FB(1024)h(to)g(+1023)g(are) -i(represen)o(ted)h(b)o(y)e(the)g(binary)f(equiv)n(alen)o(ts)0 -2133 y(of)e(0)h(to)f(2047)g(\(0000)333 2139 y Fi(8)365 2133 -y FB({)h(3777)485 2139 y Fi(8)503 2133 y FB(\).)20 b(Floating{p)q(oin)o(t)13 -b(zero)j(is)e(represen)o(ted)k(b)o(y)c(a)h(double)f(w)o(ord)h(con)o(taining)f -(all)f(0)0 2183 y(bits.)k(Negativ)o(e)12 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g -(the)g(sign)g(bit)g(set)h(to)e(1,)h(the)h(ones)f(complemen)o(t)e(of)h(the)i -(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(in)e(bits)h(1{11,)0 2233 y(and)h(the)h(t)o(w)o -(os{complemen)o(t)d(of)i(the)h(fraction)f(in)g(bits)g(12{35)f(of)h(the)h -(\014rst)g(w)o(ord)f(and)g(bits)h(1{35)e(of)h(the)h(second)0 -2282 y(w)o(ord.)k(Bit)c(0)f(of)h(the)g(second)h(w)o(ord)f(is)g(zero)g(in)g -(results)h(and)f(ignored)f(in)h(op)q(erands.)0 2368 y(F)m(or)f(example,)g -(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(2)492 2353 y Fi(18)536 2368 y FB(+)d(2)599 -2353 y Ff(\000)p Fi(18)674 2368 y FB(has)k(this)g(t)o(w)o(o{w)o(ord)f -(represen)o(tation)i(in)f(G{format,)p 0 2403 720 2 v 46 2429 -a Fh(3)64 2441 y Fg(In)d(XKL)185 2438 y(-)195 2441 y(1,)g(these)g -(instructions)d(trap)j(to)g(a)g(macro{co)q(de)d(sim)o(ulator.)p -eop -%%Page: 33 69 -33 68 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.6.)31 b(INSTR)o(UCTION)14 b(F)o(ORMA)m(T)1164 -b FB(33)p 577 201 947 2 v 577 253 2 52 v 591 240 a(0)18 b(10)c(000)f(010)g -(011)g(100)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)h(000)f(000)p 1521 -253 V 577 255 947 2 v 577 328 V 577 380 2 52 v 591 367 a(0)18 -b(00)c(000)f(000)g(000)g(010)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)h(000)f(000)p -1521 380 V 577 382 947 2 v 593 287 a Fi(0)21 b(1)219 b(11)12 -b(12)539 b(35)p 619 253 2 50 v 908 253 V 593 416 a(0)21 b(1)838 -b(35)p 619 379 V 150 512 a FB(and)14 b(its)g(negativ)o(e)f(is)p -577 603 947 2 v 577 655 2 52 v 591 642 a(1)18 b(01)c(111)f(101)g(100)g(011)g -(111)g(111)g(111)g(111)g(111)h(111)f(111)p 1521 655 V 577 657 -947 2 v 577 730 V 577 782 2 52 v 591 770 a(0)18 b(11)c(111)f(111)g(111)g(110) -g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)h(000)f(000)p 1521 782 V 577 -784 947 2 v 593 689 a Fi(0)21 b(1)223 b(11)8 b(12)539 b(35)p -619 655 2 50 v 908 655 V 593 818 a(0)21 b(1)838 b(35)p 619 -784 V 150 919 a FB(These)15 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(giv)o(e)f(a)h(decimal)e -(range)i(of)f(appro)o(ximately)f(2)p Fr(:)p FB(8)c Fz(\002)h -FB(10)1289 904 y Ff(\000)p Fi(309)1380 919 y FB(to)14 b(9)9 -b Fz(\002)h FB(10)1545 904 y Fi(307)1596 919 y FB(.)150 1092 -y Fs(1.6)70 b(Instruction)22 b(F)-6 b(ormat)p 299 1423 1495 -2 v 299 1348 V 299 1422 2 75 v 1793 1422 V 838 1422 V 880 1422 -V 1046 1422 V 1266 1395 a FB(Memory)13 b(Address)956 1279 y(Index)i(Register) -1016 1328 y(Address)964 1372 y Fd(\014)980 1331 y(\014)-17 -b(\014)734 1225 y FB(Address)15 b(T)o(yp)q(e)p 859 1372 2 137 -v 304 1453 a Fg(0)476 b(12)8 b(13)h(14)82 b(17)12 b(18)665 -b(35)-1141 b(8)p 672 1422 2 75 v 12 w(9)333 1399 y FB(Instruction)14 -b(Co)q(de)515 1283 y(Accum)o(ulator)559 1324 y(Address)735 -1364 y Fd(@)715 1343 y(@)819 1519 y FB(Basic)g(Instruction)h(F)m(ormat)150 -1632 y(In)f(the)h(basic)g(instruction)f(format,)e(the)j(nine)g(high{order)f -(bits)g(\(0{8\))g(sp)q(ecify)h(the)g(op)q(eration,)e(and)i(bits)f(9{12)150 -1682 y(address)j(an)f(accum)o(ulator.)23 b(The)16 b(rest)h(of)e(the)i -(instruction)f(w)o(ord)g(supplies)g(information)d(for)i(calculating)g(the)150 -1732 y(e\013ectiv)o(e)e(address,)g(whic)o(h)f(is)g(the)g(actual)g(address)h -(used)g(to)e(fetc)o(h)i(the)f(op)q(erand)h(or)e(alter)h(program)f(\015o)o(w.) -17 b(Bit)11 b(13)150 1782 y(sp)q(eci\014es)k(the)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)e -(addressing,)i(bits)f(14{17)f(sp)q(ecify)i(an)f(index)g(register)h(for)f(use) -h(in)f(address)i(mo)q(di\014cation,)150 1831 y(and)j(the)h(remaining)e(eigh)o -(teen)i(bits)f(\(18{35\))f(address)j(a)e(memory)e(lo)q(cation.)31 -b(In)18 b(v)n(ariations)f(on)h(this)h(basic)150 1881 y(format,)c(bits)i(9{12) -f(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(used)h(for)f(addressing)g(\015ags,)g(or)g(all)f(thirteen)i -(high)e(order)h(bits)g(\(0{12\))f(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)150 1931 y(used)20 -b(for)g(an)f(expanded)h(instruction)g(co)q(de.)36 b(The)20 -b(instruction)f(co)q(des)i(that)f(are)g(not)f(assigned)h(as)f(sp)q(eci\014c) -150 1981 y(instructions)d(are)f(p)q(erformed)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i -(as)e(so{called)g(\\unimplemen)o(ted)e(op)q(erations.")21 b(Among)13 -b(the)150 2031 y(unimplemen)o(ted)c(op)q(erations)j(are)g(some)e(that)i(are)f -(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(as)f(\\unimplem)o(en)o(ted)e(user)i(op)q(erations")g(or)f -(UUOs)150 2080 y(\(a)h(mnemonic)d(that)j(means)f(nothing)g(to)h(the)h(assem)o -(bler\).)k(Some)11 b(of)g(these)i(are)g(for)e(the)i(lo)q(cal)e(use)i(of)e(a)h -(program)150 2130 y(\(LUUOs\))20 b(and)e(some)g(are)h(for)g(comm)o(unicatio)o -(n)d(with)j(the)g(Monitor)f(\(MUUOs\).)34 b(In)19 b(general,)h(unassigned)150 -2180 y(co)q(des)15 b(act)f(lik)o(e)f(MUUOs.)150 2266 y(In)h(the)g(KL10)g(and) -g(earlier)g(pro)q(cessors,)i(three)f(1s)f(in)f(bits)h(0{2)f(indicate)h(an)g -(input{output)g(instruction;)g(these)150 2315 y(instructions)j(ha)o(v)o(e)f -(a)f(di\013eren)o(t)i(format,)e(as)h(indicated)g(b)q(elo)o(w.)24 -b(In)16 b(the)h(IO)f(instruction)h(format)d(used)j(in)e(the)150 -2365 y(KL10)9 b(and)h(earlier)g(pro)q(cessors,)i(bits)e(3{9)f(address)i(the)f -(in{out)f(device)h(to)g(b)q(e)g(used)h(in)e(executing)h(the)h(instruction)150 -2415 y(and)j(bits)g(10{12)e(sp)q(ecify)j(the)f(op)q(eration.)k(The)c(rest)i -(of)d(the)h(w)o(ord)g(is)g(the)g(same)f(as)h(in)g(other)g(instructions.)p -eop -%%Page: 34 70 -34 69 bop 0 50 a FB(34)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)p -149 403 1495 2 v 149 329 V 149 403 2 75 v 1643 403 V 688 403 -V 730 403 V 896 403 V 1116 376 a FB(Memory)13 b(Address)806 -260 y(Index)i(Register)866 309 y(Address)814 353 y Fd(\014)830 -311 y(\014)-17 b(\014)584 205 y FB(Address)15 b(T)o(yp)q(e)p -709 353 2 137 v 154 434 a Fg(0)476 b(12)8 b(13)h(14)82 b(17)12 -b(18)665 b(35)-1390 b(2)p 273 403 2 75 v 12 w(3)201 379 y FB(7)541 -434 y Fg(9)p 564 403 V 12 w(10)305 380 y FB(Device)15 b(Co)q(de)319 -263 y(Instruction)373 305 y(Co)q(de)241 345 y Fd(\000)262 324 -y(\000)556 345 y(@)535 324 y(@)554 500 y FB(Pre{KS10)g(In{Out)f(Instruction)h -(F)m(ormat)0 613 y(In)j(all)e(pro)q(cessors)k(from)c(the)i(KS10)f(on,)h -(in{out)f(instructions)h(use)h(the)f(basic)f(instruction)h(format,)e(but)i -(for)0 663 y(consistency)12 b(they)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(do)h(ha)o(v)o(e)h(1s)f -(in)g(the)h(leftmost)e(three)j(bits.)17 b(\(Note)11 b(there)h(are)f(also)e -(non{IO)i(instruction)0 712 y(co)q(des)20 b(b)q(eginning)e(with)h(7.\))32 -b(P)o(ost{KL10)19 b(IO)g(instruction)g(co)q(des)h(are)f(opp)q(ortunely)g(c)o -(hosen)h(so)f(equiv)n(alen)o(t)0 762 y(instructions)c(generally)e(ha)o(v)o(e) -h(the)g(same)f(con\014guration)h(in)f(all)g(pro)q(cessors.)0 -848 y(Note)i(that)g(bits)g(13{35)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(the)g(same)f(format)f(in)i(b) -q(oth)g(t)o(yp)q(es)g(of)g(instructions;)g(in)g(fact)g(these)h(bits)f(are)g -(the)0 898 y(same)c(in)g(ev)o(ery)h(instruction,)f(whether)i(it)e(addresses)j -(a)d(memory)e(lo)q(cation)h(or)i(not.)17 b(In)11 b(the)h(format)e -(illustrations)0 947 y(throughout)k(the)g(man)o(ual,)d(this)j(part)g(of)g(an) -f(instruction)i(w)o(ord)e(is)h(sho)o(wn)g(as)p 423 1092 955 -2 v 423 1017 V 1377 1091 2 75 v 423 1091 V 464 1091 V 630 1091 -V 989 1068 a Fw(Y)-487 b(X)-132 b(I)427 1122 y Fg(13)8 b(14)82 -b(17)12 b(18)666 b(35)0 1218 y FB(where)15 b(bit)f(13)f(is)h(represen)o(ted)j -(b)o(y)c Fw(I)21 b FB(for)13 b(\\indirect)h(bit;")f(i.e.,)g(the)h(address)h -(t)o(yp)q(e)g(is)f(either)g(direct)h(or)f(indirect,)0 1268 -y(where)k(the)g(latter)g(is)f(indicated)g(b)o(y)g(a)g(1.)28 -b(F)m(or)17 b(ev)o(ery)h(instruction,)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(carries)f(out)g -(an)f(e\013ectiv)o(e)0 1318 y(address)g(calculation)e(that)h(results)h(in)f -(a)g(quan)o(tit)o(y)f(referred)j(to)d(as)h Fw(E)5 b FB(.)16 -b(This)g(is)g(the)g(e\013ectiv)o(e)i(address)f(of)e(the)0 1367 -y(instruction)f(if)e(indeed)i(it)e(is)h(an)g(address,)i(whether)f(for)f(an)g -(op)q(erand)h(or)f(a)g(jump.)j Fw(E)i FB(ma)o(y)m(,)10 b(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)k -(represen)o(t)0 1417 y(e\013ectiv)o(e)i(conditions,)e(an)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)h -(shift,)e(or)h(something)f(else,)h(but)g(the)g(result)h(of)e(the)i -(calculation)d(is)i(alw)o(a)o(ys)0 1467 y(referred)h(to)e(as)h -Fw(E)5 b FB(.)14 b(In)g(illustrations)g(for)g(the)h(basic)f(instructions,)h -(bits)f(9{35)g(are)g(almost)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(represen)o(ted)0 -1517 y(b)o(y)p 336 1661 1121 2 v 336 1586 V 335 1660 2 75 v -501 1660 V 543 1660 V 709 1660 V 1456 1660 V 1068 1637 a Fw(Y)-488 -b(X)-131 b(I)-123 b(A)348 1692 y Fg(9)139 b(13)9 b(14)82 b(17)12 -b(18)666 b(35)0 1787 y FB(where)15 b Fw(A)f FB(is)f(the)i(accum)o(ulator)d -(address.)p eop -%%Page: 35 71 -35 70 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.6.)31 b(INSTR)o(UCTION)14 b(F)o(ORMA)m(T)1164 -b FB(35)990 224 y Fx(Note)254 315 y FB(Although)9 b(the)i(v)n(arious)e(parts) -i(of)e(an)h(instruction)g(w)o(ord)g(are)h(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(lab)q(eled,)h(in)f -(some)g(instructions)254 365 y(the)20 b(result)h(of)e(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)h -(address)g(calculation)e(is)h(not)f(actually)g(used.)37 b(Unless)20 -b(otherwise)254 414 y(sp)q(eci\014ed,)h(in)d(suc)o(h)h(cases)h(the)f -Fw(I)7 b FB(,)18 b Fw(X)7 b FB(,)18 b(and)g Fw(Y)27 b FB(parts)19 -b(of)f(the)h(w)o(ord)g(are)g(reserv)o(ed)h(b)o(y)f(XKL)g(for)254 -464 y(p)q(ossible)f(future)g(use,)h(and)f(they)g Fw(must)g(b)n(e)h(zer)n(o)h -FB(for)d(compatibilit)o(y)d(with)k(suc)o(h)g(use.)31 b(Similarl)o(y)254 -514 y(when)14 b(bits)g(9{12)f(are)h(not)g(used,)g(they)h(are)f(also)f(reserv) -o(ed)j(and)e(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(zero.)254 600 y(A)h(similar)e(stricture)j -(holds)f(for)g(all)f(the)i(formats)d(de\014ned)k(throughout)e(the)g(man)o -(ual)e(for)i(address)254 649 y(w)o(ords,)k(p)q(oin)o(ters,)h(and)e -(miscellaneous)f(sp)q(ecial)i(w)o(ords)g(asso)q(ciated)g(with)f(system)g -(features.)33 b(In)254 699 y(w)o(ords)17 b(supplied)g(b)o(y)g(the)h(program,) -e(unassigned)i(bits)f(are)h(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(for)h(arbitrary)i(use)g(b)o(y)f -(the)254 749 y(user)i(only)e(if)g(sp)q(eci\014cally)h(so)g(indicated.)30 -b(Bits)18 b(lab)q(eled)g(\\reserv)o(ed")h(or)f(simply)e(left)i(blank)f(are) -254 799 y(reserv)o(ed)j(to)d(Digital)f(for)h(future)i(use)f(b)o(y)g(the)g -(hardw)o(are)g(or)g(use)h(b)o(y)e(the)i(system)e(soft)o(w)o(are.)30 -b(In)254 849 y(an)o(y)16 b(w)o(ord)g(read)h(b)o(y)g(the)g(program,)e(unlab)q -(eled)i(bits)f(are)h(read)g(as)g(0s)g(unless)g(there)h(is)e(a)h(sp)q -(eci\014c)254 899 y(indication)12 b(otherwise.)150 1045 y(The)j(XKL)327 -1041 y(-)340 1045 y(1,)f(KL10,)h(and)f(KS10)h(ha)o(v)o(e)g(a)g(feature)h -(that)f(allo)o(ws)e(expansion)i(of)g(the)g(instruction)h(rep)q(ertory)g(b)o -(y)150 1094 y(an)f(extension)g(of)f(the)i(basic)f(format)e(to)i(t)o(w)o(o)f -(w)o(ords.)21 b(In)15 b(a)g(t)o(w)o(o{w)o(ord)f(instruction,)h(it)f(is)h -(only)f(the)h(\014rst)h(w)o(ord)150 1144 y(that)d(actually)f(app)q(ears)h(in) -g(the)g(program)e(sequence)k(\(i.e.,)d(that)h(is)g(referenced)i(b)o(y)e -(PC\),)f(and)h(the)g(accum)o(ulator)150 1194 y(used)j(b)o(y)g(the)g -(instruction)g(is)f(that)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f(the)g Fw(A)f -FB(\014eld)h(of)f(the)h(\014rst)g(w)o(ord.)23 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)16 -b(the)h(instruction)150 1244 y(the)d(pro)q(cessor)h(actually)e(executes)j(is) -d(the)h(second)g(w)o(ord;)f(it)g(is)h(found)f(at)g(lo)q(cation)g -Fw(E0)6 b FB(,)13 b(whic)o(h)g(is)g(the)h(result)h(of)150 1294 -y(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(address)h(calculation)d(for)h(the)h(\014rst)g(w)o -(ord.)22 b(Moreo)o(v)o(er,)15 b(the)h(w)o(a)o(y)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(in)o -(terprets)f(the)150 1343 y(instruction)h(co)q(de)g(of)f(the)h(second)h(w)o -(ord)f(is)f(en)o(tirely)h(di\013eren)o(t)g(from)e(the)i(w)o(a)o(y)f(it)g(w)o -(ould)g(if)g(that)g(same)g(w)o(ord)150 1393 y(app)q(eared)e(in)e(the)i -(program)d(sequence)16 b(as)d(a)f(one{w)o(ord)h(instruction.)18 -b(Th)o(us,)13 b(use)h(of)e(a)h(single)g(instruction)g(co)q(de)150 -1443 y(in)k(the)h(\014rst)g(w)o(ord)f(e\013ectiv)o(ely)h(creates)h(a)d(whole) -h(new)h(instruction)g(set)g(as)f(large)g(as)g(the)h(one)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor) -150 1493 y(already)d(has.)24 b(A)o(t)16 b(presen)o(t)i(there)f(is)e(only)g -(one)h(suc)o(h)h(extended)g(instruction)f(set,)h(and)f(only)f(a)g(small)f(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)150 1543 y(of)g(the)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(extended)k(co)q(des)g -(are)e(used.)20 b(In)14 b(extended)i(instructions,)f(the)g(\014rst)g -(instruction)f(w)o(ord)g(is)g(the)150 1592 y Fu(EXTEND)i FB(instruction,)i -(whic)o(h)e(has)h(co)q(de)g(123.)26 b(The)17 b(format)d(illustrations)i(for)g -(these)i(instructions)g(are)f(lik)o(e)150 1642 y(this.)p 150 -1775 1495 4 v 150 1700 V 148 1773 4 75 v 1643 1773 V 688 1773 -V 729 1773 V 896 1773 V 162 1805 a Fg(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1750 y Fw(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1805 -y Fg(8)p 522 1773 V 24 w(9)591 1750 y Fw(A)-316 b FB(123)p -276 1925 1495 4 v 276 1850 V 274 1923 4 75 v 1769 1923 V 814 -1923 V 855 1923 V 1021 1923 V 288 1954 a Fg(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)824 1900 y Fw(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)620 1954 -y Fg(8)p 648 1923 V 23 w(9)712 1899 y FB(00)309 1900 y(Instruction)15 -b(Co)q(de)-452 b Fw(E0)150 2050 y FB(Remem)o(b)q(er,)13 b(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er:) -21 b(although)14 b(the)i(t)o(w)o(o)f(w)o(ords)g(are)g(sho)o(wn)h(together,)f -(they)h(nev)o(er)g(app)q(ear)g(one)f(after)g(the)150 2100 y(other)g(in)f(the) -g(program)f(sequence.)21 b(If)14 b(they)h(did,)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(migh)o -(t)c(w)o(ell)h(p)q(erform)h(the)h(second)g(w)o(ord)f(as)g(a)150 -2150 y(standard)h(instruction)h(after)f(executing)h(it)e(as)i(an)e(extended)j -(instruction.)22 b(As)15 b(with)g(all)f(instructions,)h(b)q(efore)150 -2199 y(executing)h(the)f(second)h(w)o(ord)f(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(calculates)e -(an)g(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(address)h(for)d(it;)h(this)g(is)f(referred)j(to)e(as) -150 2249 y Fw(E1)6 b FB(,)14 b(and)g(its)h(use)g(dep)q(ends)h(on)e(the)h -(instruction.)20 b(Bits)15 b(9{12)e(of)h(the)h(second)h(instruction)e(w)o -(ord)h(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)i(zero)150 2299 y(for)g(compatibilit)o(y)e(with)i(p)q -(ossible)h(future)g(use.)25 b(Unassigned)16 b(extended)h(instruction)f(co)q -(des)h(are)f(executed)i(as)150 2349 y(MUUOs.)p eop -%%Page: 36 72 -36 71 bop 0 50 a FB(36)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)0 -195 y Fs(1.7)70 b(E\013ectiv)n(e{Address)21 b(Calculation)840 -346 y Fx(Note)104 437 y FB(The)c(calculation)e(of)h Fw(E)5 -b FB(,)16 b(the)h(E\013ectiv)o(e{Address,)j(is)c(the)h(\014rst)h(step)f(in)f -(the)h(execution)g(of)f(ev)o(ery)104 487 y(instruction.)i(No)12 -b(other)h(action)f(tak)o(en)h(b)o(y)f(an)o(y)g(instruction,)h(no)f(matter)g -(what)g(it)h(is,)f(can)g(p)q(ossibly)104 537 y(precede)g(that)e(calculation.) -15 b(There)c(is)f(absolutely)f(nothing)h(whatso)q(ev)o(er)h(that)e(an)o(y)h -(instruction)g(can)104 587 y(do)j(to)h(an)o(y)f(accum)o(ulator)g(or)h(memory) -d(lo)q(cation)i(that)h(can)g(in)f(an)o(y)h(w)o(a)o(y)f(a\013ect)i(its)f(o)o -(wn)f(e\013ectiv)o(e{)104 637 y(address)i(calculation.)104 -722 y(An)f(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)j(is)e(calculated)f(for)g(ev)o(ery)i -(instruction)e(regardless)i(of)e(whether)i(or)e(not)h(the)104 -772 y(instruction)f(actually)f(references)k(memory)m(.)0 926 -y(E\013ectiv)o(e{address)j(calculation)d(generally)h(is)f(p)q(erformed)h(in)g -(the)g(virtual{address)g(space)h(of)f(the)g(program.)0 976 -y(This)c(is)g(true)h(ev)o(en)g(for)f(fast)g(memory)m(,)c(whic)o(h)k(ev)o(ery) -h(program)e(regards)i(as)f(in)g(its)g(virtual)f(space)i(ev)o(en)g(though)0 -1026 y(fast{memory)7 b(addresses)12 b(are)f(treated)g(as)f(unmapp)q(ed)f -(addresses)j(and)e(are)h(not)e(sen)o(t)i(to)f(the)h(pager)f(for)g(mapping.)0 -1111 y(The)j(exceptional)f(cases)i(where)f(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)i -(calculations)d(are)h(not)f(done)h(in)e(the)i(virtual{address)g(space)0 -1161 y(of)k(the)h(program)e(o)q(ccur)i(either)h(when)f(an)f(executiv)o(e{mo)q -(de)g(program)f(is)h(p)q(erforming)f(a)h Fu(PX)o(CT)g FB(instruction)0 -1211 y(that)h(sp)q(eci\014es)h(that)f(the)g(target)g(instruction's)g -(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)i(calculation)d(is)g(to)h(b)q(e)g(p)q(erformed)f(in)g -(the)0 1261 y(previous)e(con)o(text,)g(or)f(when)h(an)f(executiv)o(e{mo)q(de) -h(program)d(is)j(executing)g(with)f(the)h(pager)g(turned)g(o\013,)f(e.g.,)0 -1310 y(at)f(system)g(start)h(up.)k(In)13 b(the)h(latter)g(case,)g(all)e -(addresses)j(used)g(are)e(ph)o(ysical)g(addresses)i(for)e(memory)e(and)i(the) -0 1360 y(program)f(m)o(ust)g(not)h(giv)o(e)f(addresses)k(that)d(lie)f -(outside)i(the)g(range)f(determined)g(b)o(y)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(memory)m(.)k -(When)0 1410 y(the)f(Monitor)g(is)g(setting)g(up)g(page)g(maps,)e(it)h(m)o -(ust)g(select)i(appropriate)f(ph)o(ysical)g(translations.)0 -1562 y Fx(1.7.1)55 b(Section)18 b(Zero)g(E\013ectiv)n(e{Address)f -(Calculation)0 1674 y FB(F)m(or)10 b(our)g(discussion)h(of)e(the)i -(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)i(calculation,)c(w)o(e)h(shall)g(b)q(egin)g(with)g -(the)g(simpler)f(case|a)i(virtual)0 1724 y(space)k(limited)d(to)h(section)i -(zero)g(\(all)e(quan)o(tities)g(are)i(eigh)o(teen)f(bits\).)19 -b(This)13 b(is)h(the)h(calculation)e(p)q(erformed)g(b)o(y)0 -1774 y(the)20 b(KA10,)h(KI10,)g(unextended)g(KL10,)g(and)e(KS10)h(pro)q -(cessors.)38 b(This)20 b(description)g(applies)g(also)f(to)g(the)0 -1824 y(extended)h(KL10)e(and)h(the)g(XKL)552 1820 y(-)564 1824 -y(1,)g(when)g(op)q(erating)g(in)f(section)h(zero.)33 b(This)19 -b(calculation)e(is)i(depicted)g(in)0 1874 y(Figure)14 b(1.9.)0 -1959 y(As)d(explained)f(at)g(the)h(b)q(eginning)f(of)f(this)i(c)o(hapter,)g -(the)g(address)h(space)f(of)f(an)g(unextended)i(pro)q(cessor)g(is)e(limited)0 -2009 y(to)i(one)f(section,)i(whic)o(h)e(b)o(y)h(de\014nition)f(is)g(section)i -(zero.)18 b(Suc)o(h)12 b(pro)q(cessors)i(emplo)o(y)c(only)h(in{section)g -(addresses,)0 2059 y(b)q(ecause)16 b(no)d(section)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(is)h -(necessary)i(when)e(there)h(is)f(only)f(one)h(section.)0 2144 -y(Bits)j(13{35)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g(the)i(same)e(format)f(in)h Fw(every)21 -b FB(instruction)c(whether)h(it)e(addresses)j(a)e(memory)d(lo)q(cation)i(or)0 -2194 y(not.)22 b(Bit)16 b(13)f(is)g(the)h(indirect)g(bit;)f(bits)g(14{17)f -(are)i(the)g(index)f(register)i(address;)g(and)e(bits)g(18{35)f(are)i(called) -0 2244 y(the)e(address)i Fw(Y)8 b FB(.)p 423 2380 955 2 v 423 -2306 V 1377 2379 2 75 v 423 2379 V 464 2379 V 630 2379 V 989 -2356 a Fw(Y)-487 b(X)-132 b(I)427 2411 y Fg(13)8 b(14)82 b(17)12 -b(18)666 b(35)0 2506 y FB(The)12 b(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)h -Fw(E)j FB(of)11 b(the)g(instruction)h(dep)q(ends)g(on)f(the)h(v)n(alues)f(of) -f Fw(I)d FB(,)j Fw(X)d FB(,)j(and)h Fw(Y)d FB(.)j(If)f Fw(I)18 -b FB(and)11 b Fw(X)17 b FB(are)12 b(b)q(oth)0 2556 y(zero,)h -Fw(Y)20 b FB(is)11 b Fw(E)5 b FB(,)12 b(i.e.,)f(bits)h(18{35)f(con)o(tain)g -(the)i(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(address.)19 b(If)11 b Fw(X)19 b FB(is)11 -b(non{zero,)i(the)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(the)g(righ)o(t)0 -2606 y(half)g(of)g(index)h(register)h Fw(X)19 b FB(are)14 b(added)f(to)g -Fw(Y)20 b FB(to)13 b(pro)q(duce)h(an)f(18{bit)f(mo)q(di\014ed)f(address.)19 -b(If)13 b Fw(I)19 b FB(is)13 b(0,)f(addressing)p eop -%%Page: 37 73 -37 72 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.7.)31 b(EFFECTIVE{ADDRESS)14 b(CALCULA)m(TION)872 -b FB(37)331 285 y Fx(Figure)18 b(1.9:)24 b(Single{Section)17 -b(E\013ectiv)n(e{Address)f(Computation)150 2490 y Fn(HRMF-ZEA)o(CALC.TEX)800 -479 y Fy(Instruction)d(F)l(etc)o(h)p 979 589 4 84 v 980 589 -a Fl(?)p 769 588 422 4 v 769 754 4 167 v 1188 754 V 769 757 -422 4 v 877 641 a Ft(MB)e Fz(\()g Ft(C)p FB(\()p Ft(PC)p FB(\))848 -722 y Ft(IR)g Fz(\()g Ft(MB)1000 728 y Fo(<)p Fi(0:12)p Fo(>)p -979 921 4 167 v 980 921 a Fl(?)p 565 840 416 4 v 939 838 a(-)p -769 920 422 4 v 769 1169 4 250 v 1188 1169 V 769 1172 422 4 -v 850 971 a Ft(Y)h Fz(\()f Ft(MB)980 977 y Fo(<)p Fi(18:35)p -Fo(>)850 1054 y Ft(X)h Fz(\()f Ft(MB)980 1060 y Fo(<)p Fi(14:17)p -Fo(>)872 1137 y Ft(I)g Fz(\()g Ft(MB)1002 1143 y Fo(<)p Fi(13)p -Fo(>)p 979 1253 4 84 v 980 1253 a Fl(?)912 1351 y Ft(X)j FB(=)g(0)g(?)856 -1336 y Fl(\021)897 1309 y(\021)939 1281 y(\021)856 1364 y(Q)897 -1392 y(Q)939 1419 y(Q)1063 1336 y(Q)1022 1309 y(Q)980 1281 -y(Q)1063 1364 y(\021)1022 1392 y(\021)980 1419 y(\021)p 979 -1502 V 980 1502 a(?)1001 1465 y FB(No)p 1105 1338 291 4 v 1394 -1502 4 167 v 1395 1502 a Fl(?)1126 1319 y FB(Y)m(es)p 769 1501 -422 4 v 769 1584 4 84 v 798 1551 a Ft(E)d Fz(\()g Ft(Y)e FB(+)h -Ft(C)p FB(\()p Ft(X)p FB(\))1033 1563 y Fo(<)p Fi(18:35)p Fo(>)p -1188 1584 V 769 1587 422 4 v 979 1752 4 167 v 980 1752 a Fl(?)p -1309 1501 173 4 v 1309 1584 4 84 v 1341 1555 a Ft(E)i Fz(\()f -Ft(Y)p 1478 1584 V 1309 1587 173 4 v 1394 1669 4 84 v 980 1670 -416 4 v 980 1668 a Fl(\033)912 1849 y Ft(I)j FB(=)g(0)g(?)856 -1835 y Fl(\021)897 1807 y(\021)939 1779 y(\021)856 1862 y(Q)897 -1890 y(Q)939 1918 y(Q)1063 1835 y(Q)1022 1807 y(Q)980 1779 -y(Q)1063 1862 y(\021)1022 1890 y(\021)980 1918 y(\021)p 1105 -1836 665 4 v 1727 1834 a(-)1126 1818 y FB(Y)m(es)204 b(Done.)18 -b(Result)c(is)g(E.)p 979 2001 4 84 v 980 2001 a Fl(?)1001 1963 -y FB(No)p 769 1999 422 4 v 769 2082 4 84 v 888 2051 a Ft(MB)d -Fz(\()g Ft(C)p FB(\()p Ft(E)p FB(\))p 1188 2082 V 769 2085 -422 4 v 979 2167 4 84 v 565 2168 416 4 v 563 2167 4 1329 v -eop -%%Page: 38 74 -38 73 bop 0 50 a FB(38)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)0 -195 y FB(is)15 b(direct)h(and)f(the)h(mo)q(di\014ed)e(address)j(is)e(the)h -(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(address)h(used)f(in)f(the)h(execution)g(of)e(the)i -(instruction;)0 245 y(if)e Fw(I)22 b FB(is)15 b(1,)g(addressing)g(is)g -(indirect)h(and)f(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(retriev)o(es)g(another)f(address)g(w)o -(ord)f(\(referred)i(to)e(as)g(an)0 295 y(\\indirect)f(w)o(ord"\))g(from)e -(the)i(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d(the)i(mo)q(di\014ed)d(address)j -(already)f(determined.)k(This)c(new)0 345 y(w)o(ord)h(is)h(pro)q(cessed)h(in) -e(exactly)h(the)g(same)e(manner:)21 b Fw(X)g FB(and)16 b Fw(Y)23 -b FB(determine)15 b(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(address)g(if)d Fw(I)22 -b FB(is)16 b(0,)0 394 y(otherwise,)d(they)g(are)h(used)f(for)f(y)o(et)h -(another)g(lev)o(el)g(of)f(address)h(retriev)n(al.)18 b(This)12 -b(pro)q(cess)j(con)o(tin)o(ues)e(un)o(til)f(some)0 444 y(referenced)18 -b(lo)q(cation)d(is)g(found)g(with)g(a)g(0)h(in)f(the)h(indirect)g(bit;)f(the) -h(18{bit)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(calculated)g(from)f(the)i Fw(X)0 -494 y FB(and)e Fw(Y)21 b FB(parts)15 b(of)e(this)h(lo)q(cation)f(is)h(the)g -(e\013ectiv)o(e)i(address)f Fw(E)5 b FB(.)0 580 y(W)m(e)13 -b(ha)o(v)o(e)g(tak)o(en)h Fw(Y)21 b FB(to)13 b(b)q(e)h(a)f(memory)e(address,) -k(but)e(the)h(program)e(can)i(just)f(as)h(w)o(ell)e(ha)o(v)o(e)i(an)f -(address)h(in)f(the)0 629 y(index)f(register,)h(and)e(ha)o(v)o(e)h(the)h -Fw(Y)19 b FB(part)12 b(of)g(an)o(y)f(instruction)h(or)g(indirect)g(w)o(ord)g -(that)g(references)i(it)e(b)q(e)g(an)g(o\013set)0 679 y(or)h(displacemen)o -(t.)k(An)d(instruction)f(or)g(indirect)h(w)o(ord)f(is)g(still)f(an)h -(\\address)i(w)o(ord",)d(ev)o(en)i(though)f(it)g(ma)o(y)e(not)0 -729 y(con)o(tain)16 b(an)f(address;)j(the)f(quan)o(tit)o(y)e(in)h(an)f(index) -h(register)h(is)f(still)f(called)h(an)g(\\index",)f(ev)o(en)i(when)g(it)e(is) -h(an)0 779 y(address)f(instead)f(of)g(an)f(o\013set.)0 864 -y(Note)g(that,)f(throughout)g(the)h(pro)q(cedure,)h(no)e(computed)g(quan)o -(tit)o(y)f(is)h(ev)o(er)h(larger)f(than)h(eigh)o(teen)g(bits.)k(In)12 -b(the)0 914 y(arithmetic)i(op)q(erations,)i(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(ws)f(are)h -(discarded)h(b)o(y)e(disabling)f(the)i(carry)g(from)e(bit)h(18)g(to)g(bit)g -(17.)22 b(Hence)0 964 y(adding)13 b(a)h(large)f(o\013set)i(can)f(b)q(e)h(the) -f(same)f(as)h(subtracting)h(a)e(small)f(one.)0 1050 y(The)21 -b(calculation)e(outlined)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)h(is)g(carried)h(out)f(for)g -Fw(every)j FB(instruction,)f(ev)o(en)f(if)e(it)h(need)h(not)f(address)0 -1099 y(a)e(memory)f(lo)q(cation.)31 b(If)18 b(the)i(indirect)f(bit)f(in)g -(the)h(instruction)g(w)o(ord)g(is)g(0)f(and)g(no)h(memory)d(reference)21 -b(is)0 1149 y(necessary)m(,)e(then)f Fw(Y)26 b FB(is)17 b(not)g(a)g(memory)e -(address.)30 b(It)17 b(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(a)f(mask)f(in)h(some)f(kind)h(of)g -(test)h(instruction,)0 1199 y(conditions)h(to)h(b)q(e)g(sen)o(t)h(to)e(an)h -(in{out)e(device,)k(an)d(o\013set)i(for)e(b)o(ytes)i(in)e(a)g(string,)i(or)e -(part)h(of)f(it)h(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)0 1249 y(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h -(places)h(to)f(shift)g(in)f(a)h(shift)g(or)g(rotate)h(instruction)g(or)f(the) -h(scale)f(factor)h(in)e(a)h(\015oating)f(scale)0 1299 y(instruction.)j(Ev)o -(en)d(when)f(mo)q(di\014ed)e(b)o(y)i(an)f(index)h(register,)h(bits)f(18{35)e -(do)i(not)f(con)o(tain)h(a)f(memory)f(address)0 1348 y(when)17 -b Fw(I)22 b FB(is)16 b(0)g(and)g(no)g(memory)e(reference)k(is)e(required.)26 -b(But)17 b(when)g Fw(I)22 b FB(is)16 b(1,)g(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -(determined)g(from)0 1398 y(bits)f(14{35)f(is)i(an)f(indirect)h(address)g(no) -f(matter)g(what)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(of)f(information)d(the)k(instruction)g -(requires,)g(and)0 1448 y(the)g(w)o(ord)e(retriev)o(ed)j(in)d(an)o(y)h(step)h -(of)e(the)i(calculation)e(con)o(tains)h(an)g(indirect)g(address)h(so)f(long)f -(as)h Fw(I)22 b FB(remains)0 1498 y(1.)28 b(When)17 b(a)g(lo)q(cation)g(is)g -(found)g(in)f(whic)o(h)h Fw(I)24 b FB(is)17 b(0,)h(bits)f(18{35)f(\(p)q -(erhaps)j(mo)q(di\014ed)c(b)o(y)i(an)g(index)h(register\))0 -1548 y(con)o(tain)g(the)h(desired)g(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(mask,)d(e\013ectiv)o(e)j -(conditions,)e(e\013ectiv)o(e)i(o\013set,)f(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(shift)e(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er,)g(or)0 1597 y(e\013ectiv)o(e)e(scale)f(factor.)21 -b(Man)o(y)14 b(of)g(the)i(instructions)f(that)g(usually)f(reference)j(memory) -12 b(for)i(an)h(op)q(erand)g(ha)o(v)o(e)0 1647 y(an)k(\\imm)o(ediate")e(mo)q -(de)h(in)h(whic)o(h)g(the)h(result)g(of)e(the)i(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(address)g -(calculation)d(is)h(itself)g(used)h(as)f(a)0 1697 y(half{w)o(ord)c(op)q -(erand)h(instead)g(of)g(a)f(w)o(ord)h(tak)o(en)g(from)e(the)j(memory)d(lo)q -(cation)h(it)g(addresses.)27 b(The)16 b(KS10)g(IO)0 1747 y(instructions)d(do) -f(not)h(use)g(the)g(result)g(of)f(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(address)h -(calculation;)e(instead,)g(they)h(recompute)g(an)f(IO)0 1797 -y(address)j(b)o(y)f(a)f(similar)f(pro)q(cedure)k(\()p Fz(x)p -FB(2.17\).)0 1882 y(The)h(imp)q(ortan)o(t)d(thing)i(for)g(the)h(programmer)d -(to)j(remem)o(b)q(er)e(is)h(that)h(the)g(same)e(calculation)h(is)g(carried)h -(out)0 1932 y(for)e(ev)o(ery)h(instruction)f(regardless)h(of)f(the)h(t)o(yp)q -(e)f(of)g(information)d(that)j(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(for)e(its)g -(execution,)0 1982 y(or)f(ev)o(en)h(if)e(the)i(result)g(is)f(ignored.)19 -b(In)14 b(the)g(discussion)h(of)f(an)o(y)f(instruction,)h Fw(E)h -FB(refers)g(to)f(the)h(actual)f(quan)o(tit)o(y)0 2032 y(deriv)o(ed)h(from)e -Fw(I)7 b FB(,)14 b Fw(X)7 b FB(,)14 b(and)g Fw(Y)23 b FB(and)14 -b(used)i(in)e(the)i(execution)f(of)f(the)i(instruction,)e(b)q(e)i(it)e(the)h -(en)o(tire)h(half{w)o(ord,)0 2082 y(as)d(in)f(the)i(case)g(of)e(an)h -(address,)h(imm)o(ediate)d(op)q(erand,)i(mask,)e(o\013set,)j(or)e -(conditions,)h(or)g(only)f(part)h(of)f(it,)g(as)h(in)0 2131 -y(a)h(shift)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(or)h(scale)h(factor.)0 2283 -y Fx(1.7.2)55 b(Extended)18 b(E\013ectiv)n(e{Address)e(Calculation)0 -2396 y FB(In)c(an)f(extended)i(pro)q(cessor)g(the)f(m)o(uc)o(h)f(larger)g -(address)i(space)g(is)e(divided)g(in)o(to)g(sections)i(of)e(256K)g(eac)o(h,)h -(and)f(an)0 2445 y(individual)i(lo)q(cation)h(is)h(iden)o(ti\014ed)h(b)o(y)f -(an)g(address)h(con)o(taining)e(b)q(oth)i(a)f(section)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(and)g(an)g(in{section)0 2495 y(part,)g(as)g(depicted)h(in)f(Figure)g(1.10.) -20 b(There)d(are)e(still)f(man)o(y)f(circumstances,)j(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)f(in) -g(whic)o(h)g(in{section)0 2545 y(addresses)21 b(are)e(used)h(alone)e(in)g(an) -h(extended)h(pro)q(cessor.)35 b(The)19 b(most)f(ob)o(vious)g(case)h(is)g(the) -g(address)h(giv)o(en)0 2595 y(directly)14 b(b)o(y)g(an)f(instruction:)19 -b(this)14 b(is)f(limited)f(to)i(eigh)o(teen)g(bits)g(and)g(is)g(con\014ned)g -(to)g(the)g(section)h(from)d(whic)o(h)p eop -%%Page: 39 75 -39 74 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.7.)31 b(EFFECTIVE{ADDRESS)14 b(CALCULA)m(TION)872 -b FB(39)588 230 y Fx(Figure)18 b(1.10:)24 b(Extended)17 b(Address)i(Space)729 -328 y FB(Extended)86 b(Address)52 b(In{Section)729 378 y(Addresses)80 -b(Space)92 b(Address)p 934 395 223 2 v 763 428 a(0000000)p -933 443 2 50 v 1155 443 V 271 w(0)897 478 y(.)p 933 493 V 1155 -493 V 272 w(.)897 527 y(.)p 933 542 V 1155 542 V 272 w(.)897 -577 y(.)p 933 592 V 53 w(Section)14 b(0)p 1155 592 V 53 w(.)897 -627 y(.)p 933 642 V 1155 642 V 272 w(.)897 677 y(.)p 933 692 -V 1155 692 V 272 w(.)763 727 y(0777777)p 933 742 V 1155 742 -V 271 w(777777)p 934 743 223 2 v 763 777 a(1000000)p 933 791 -2 50 v 1155 791 V 271 w(0)897 826 y(.)p 933 841 V 1155 841 -V 272 w(.)897 876 y(.)p 933 891 V 1155 891 V 272 w(.)897 926 -y(.)p 933 941 V 53 w(Section)g(1)p 1155 941 V 53 w(.)897 976 -y(.)p 933 991 V 1155 991 V 272 w(.)897 1026 y(.)p 933 1041 -V 1155 1041 V 272 w(.)763 1075 y(1777777)p 933 1090 V 1155 -1090 V 271 w(777777)p 934 1092 223 2 v 763 1125 a(2000000)p -933 1140 2 50 v 1155 1140 V 271 w(0)897 1175 y(.)p 933 1190 -V 1155 1190 V 272 w(.)897 1225 y(.)p 933 1240 V 1155 1240 V -272 w(.)897 1275 y(.)p 933 1290 V 53 w(Section)g(2)p 1155 1290 -V 53 w(.)897 1324 y(.)p 933 1339 V 1155 1339 V 272 w(.)897 -1374 y(.)p 933 1389 V 1155 1389 V 272 w(.)763 1424 y(2777777)p -933 1439 V 1155 1439 V 271 w(777777)p 934 1441 223 2 v 763 -1474 a(3000000)p 933 1489 2 50 v 1155 1489 V 271 w(0)897 1524 -y(.)p 933 1539 V 1155 1539 V 272 w(.)897 1574 y(.)p 933 1588 -V 1155 1588 V 272 w(.)897 1623 y(.)p 933 1638 V 100 w(.)k(.)g(.)p -1155 1638 V 100 w(.)150 1866 y(the)d(instruction)g(is)g(retriev)o(ed,)g(b)q -(eing)g(usually)f(the)h(section)g(in)g(whic)o(h)f(the)h(program)e(is)i -(curren)o(tly)g(running)g(as)150 1916 y(determined)f(b)o(y)g(PC.)150 -2002 y(Ev)o(en)j(in)f(an)h(extended)h(pro)q(cessor,)h(an)d(e\013ectiv)o -(e{address)j(calculation)d(p)q(erformed)g(in)g(section)i(zero)f(is)g(done)150 -2051 y(exactly)12 b(as)h(outlined)e(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)h(with)g(all)f(addresses) -j(and)e(displacemen)o(ts)g(tak)o(en)g(as)h(18{bit)e(quan)o(tities)h(con)o -(tained)150 2101 y(in)h(bits)h(18{35)e(of)h(an)g(instruction)h(w)o(ord,)f(an) -h(index)f(register,)h(or)g(an)f(indirect)h(w)o(ord.)k(In)c(other)g(w)o(ords,) -f(when)h(a)150 2151 y(program)c(is)h(running)g(in)g(section)h(zero,)g -Fw(E)17 b FB(can)11 b(nev)o(er)i(reference)h(a)d(non{zero)h(section)g(for)f -(either)h(an)f(op)q(erand)h(or)150 2201 y(a)e(jump)f(\(although)h(it)g(can)h -(reference)i(an)d(op)q(erand)h(that)g(supplies)g(an)f(extended)i(address\).) -19 b(Moreo)o(v)o(er,)11 b(in)f(terms)150 2251 y(of)j(addressing,)g(section)h -(zero)g(of)f(an)g(extended)i(pro)q(cessor)g(is)e(en)o(tirely)g(compatible)f -(with)h(the)h(single)f(section)h(of)150 2301 y(an)h(unextended)i(pro)q -(cessor.)25 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)16 b(in)f(non{zero)h(sections,)h(the)f -(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)i(calculation)c(can)i(use)150 2350 -y(extended)h(addressing.)25 b(T)m(o)15 b(understand)i(ho)o(w)e(extended)i -(addressing)g(w)o(orks,)f(the)g(reader)h(m)o(ust)e(understand)150 -2400 y(the)f(follo)o(wing)e(terms.)212 2527 y Fz(\017)21 b -FB(Ev)o(ery)c(address)h(can)f(b)q(e)g(represen)o(ted)i(b)o(y)e(31)f(bits:)23 -b(one)17 b(bit)f(to)h(distinguish)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(a)e -Fw(lo)n(c)n(al)h(addr)n(ess)254 2577 y FB(and)g(a)g Fw(glob)n(al)g(addr)n -(ess)k FB(and)c(30)f(bits)h(to)g(represen)o(t)j(the)d(address)i(itself.)27 -b(The)18 b(30)e(bits)i(of)e(address)j(are)254 2627 y(though)o(t)13 -b(of)h(as)g(a)f(12{bit)g(section)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(and)h(an)f(18{bit)g -(in{section)h(address.)p eop -%%Page: 40 76 -40 75 bop 0 50 a FB(40)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)62 -195 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(An)10 b Fw(instruction)h(wor)n(d)j FB(is)c(a)f(w)o(ord) -h(addressed)i(b)o(y)e(PC)g(\(the)h(program)d(coun)o(ter\))j(and)f(read)g(and) -g(in)o(terpreted)104 245 y(b)o(y)j(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(as)f(an)f -(instruction.)18 b(An)c(instruction)g(w)o(ord)f(con)o(tains)g(an)h(op)q -(eration)f(co)q(de)h(and)g(\014elds)104 295 y(that)g(sp)q(ecify)g(the)h -(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(address)g(of)e(an)h(op)q(erand.)62 374 y -Fz(\017)21 b FB(An)16 b Fw(addr)n(ess)h(wor)n(d)j FB(is)c(an)o(y)g(w)o(ord)g -(that)g(is)g(used)h(to)f(supply)g(an)g(address)i(during)e(the)g(e\013ectiv)o -(e{address)104 424 y(computation.)g(The)c(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)j -(computation)c(references)k(a)e(sequence)h(of)e(one)h(or)f(more)g(address)104 -474 y(w)o(ords;)g(the)h(\014rst)g(of)f(whic)o(h)g(is)g(the)h(instruction)g(w) -o(ord.)k(Indirect)d(address)f(w)o(ords)g(\(discussed)h(b)q(elo)o(w\))e(and) -104 524 y(b)o(yte{p)q(oin)o(ter)i(w)o(ords)g(are)g(also)g(examples)f(of)g -(address)i(w)o(ords.)62 603 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(F)m(or)16 b(a)g -Fw(lo)n(c)n(al)h(addr)n(ess)s FB(,)h(an)e(explicit)g(computation)f(pro)o -(vides)i(the)g(18{bit)f(in{section)g(address,)i(but)f(the)104 -653 y(12{bit)d(section)j(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(is)g(supplied)h(implicitly)m(.)k -(The)c(implicit)d(section)k(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(is)g(supplied)h(b)o(y)f(the)104 -703 y(section)i(from)e(whic)o(h)i(the)g(last)f(of)g(the)i(address)g(w)o(ords) -f(w)o(as)f(fetc)o(hed.)28 b(\(When)17 b(indirect)g(addressing)g(is)104 -753 y(not)d(used,)i(the)f(instruction)g(w)o(ord)g(is)f(the)i(last)e(address)i -(w)o(ord,)e(so)h(the)g(implicit)d(section)k(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(is)g(the)104 -803 y(PC)g(section.\))62 882 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(A)14 b Fw(glob)n(al)g(addr)n -(ess)k FB(is)13 b(pro)o(vided)h(b)o(y)g(a)f(computation)g(that)g(supplies)i -(all)d(30)i(bits)g(explicitly)m(.)104 947 y(Note)i(that)f(section)h(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)f(7777)g(is)g(reserv)o(ed;)j(a)d(memory)e(reference)18 -b(to)d(section)i(7777)d(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(traps)104 997 y(to)g(the)g(Monitor.) -104 1061 y(The)19 b(extended)i(KL10)e(implem)o(en)o(ts)e(only)h(the)i(righ)o -(t{most)d(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y{three)k(bits)e(\(sections)h(0{37\),)f(al-)104 -1111 y(though)13 b(larger)h(section)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)e(could)h(b)q(e)h -(used)f(for)g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(purp)q(oses.)62 1191 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(A)13 b Fw(lo)n(c)n(al)h(index)k FB(is)13 b(an)g(18{bit)f(unsigned)h -(displacemen)o(t)g(or)g(address)h(in)f(bits)g(18{35)f(of)g(an)h(index)g -(register.)62 1271 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(A)14 b Fw(glob)n(al)g(index)20 -b FB(is)14 b(a)f(30{bit)g(unsigned)h(displacemen)o(t)f(or)h(address)h(in)f -(bits)g(6{35)f(of)g(an)g(index)h(register.)62 1350 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(A)14 b Fw(lo)n(c)n(al)g(indir)n(e)n(ct)g(wor)n(d)k FB(is)13 -b(one)i(con)o(taining)d(a)i(lo)q(cal)f(address)i(or)f(displacemen)o(t)f(in)h -(this)g(format:)p 205 1494 1495 2 v 204 1493 2 75 v 205 1420 -1495 2 v 1698 1493 2 75 v 328 1506 2 13 v 453 1506 V 577 1506 -V 702 1506 V 827 1506 V 951 1514 2 21 v 1076 1506 2 13 v 1200 -1506 V 1325 1506 V 1449 1506 V 1574 1506 V 217 1524 a Fi(0)p -245 1493 2 75 v -17 w(0)p 204 1493 V 215 1470 a FB(1)259 1524 -y Fi(1)p 287 1493 V -17 w(1)p 245 1493 V 257 1470 a FB(0)707 -1524 y Fi(12)p 744 1493 V -441 w(2)p 287 1493 V 435 1471 a -FB(Reserv)o(ed)749 1524 y Fi(13)p 785 1493 V -34 w(13)p 744 -1493 V 753 1470 a Fw(I)915 1524 y Fi(17)p 951 1493 V -159 w(14)p -785 1493 V 853 1470 a Fw(X)1662 1524 y Fi(35)p 1698 1493 V --740 w(18)p 951 1493 V 1310 1470 a Fw(Y)104 1626 y FB(Because)i(of)e(its)h -(similarit)o(y)d(to)i(the)h(format)e(of)h(an)g(instruction)h(w)o(ord,)g(an)f -(address)i(w)o(ord)e(of)g(this)h(sort)g(is)104 1676 y(also)e(called)h(an)f -(\\instruction{format)f(indirect)j(w)o(ord".)62 1756 y Fz(\017)21 -b FB(A)14 b Fw(lo)n(c)n(al)h(addr)n(ess)g(wor)n(d)f FB(is)g(a)g(w)o(ord)g -(that)h(con)o(tains)f(a)g(lo)q(cal)g(address.)20 b(A)15 b(lo)q(cal)e(address) -j(w)o(ord)e(is)g(either)h(a)104 1806 y(lo)q(cal)e(indirect)h(w)o(ord)g(or)g -(an)f(instruction)i(w)o(ord.)62 1885 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(A)14 -b Fw(glob)n(al)h(indir)n(e)n(ct)g(wor)n(d)t FB(,)f(also)g(called)g(a)g -Fw(glob)n(al)h(addr)n(ess)h(wor)n(d)i FB(is)c(one)h(con)o(taining)e(a)h -(global)f(address)j(or)104 1935 y(displacemen)o(t)d(in)g(this)h(format:)p -205 2079 1495 2 v 204 2078 2 75 v 205 2004 1495 2 v 1698 2078 -2 75 v 328 2091 2 13 v 453 2091 V 577 2091 V 702 2091 V 827 -2091 V 951 2099 2 21 v 1076 2091 2 13 v 1200 2091 V 1325 2091 -V 1449 2091 V 1574 2091 V 217 2108 a Fi(0)p 245 2078 2 75 v --17 w(0)p 204 2078 V 215 2054 a FB(0)259 2108 y Fi(1)p 287 -2078 V -17 w(1)p 245 2078 V 255 2055 a Fw(I)425 2108 y Fi(5)p -453 2078 V -142 w(2)p 287 2078 V 355 2055 a Fw(X)1662 2108 -y Fi(35)p 1698 2078 V -1230 w(6)p 453 2078 V 1061 2055 a Fw(Y)104 -2211 y FB(An)g(address)h(w)o(ord)f(of)f(this)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g(is)g(also)f -(called)h(an)g(\\extended{format)f(indirect)h(w)o(ord")0 2330 -y(W)m(e)j(can)g(no)o(w)g(state)h(that)f(an)g(extended)i(e\013ectiv)o -(e{address)h(calculation)c(is)h(carried)h(out)f(b)o(y)g(essen)o(tially)g(the) -0 2380 y(same)c(pro)q(cedure)i(as)e(describ)q(ed)j(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)c(with)i -(index)f(and)g(indirect)h(steps)h(dep)q(ending)f(on)f(the)h(v)n(alues)f(of)g -Fw(I)20 b FB(and)0 2429 y Fw(X)j FB(supplied)17 b(b)o(y)f(a)g(sequence)j(of)d -(address)i(w)o(ords.)26 b(No)o(w,)16 b(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)h(there)h(are)f -(di\013erences)i(in)d(the)h(meanings)0 2479 y(of)d(individual)f(terms)h(and)h -(in)f(the)h(w)o(a)o(y)f(individual)e(op)q(erations)j(are)g(p)q(erformed.)20 -b(First,)15 b(the)g(indirect)g(bit)g(can)0 2529 y(b)q(e)k(either)g(bit)e(13)h -(or)g(bit)g(1,)g(dep)q(ending)h(on)e(whether)j(it)e(is)f(supplied)i(b)o(y)e -(a)h(lo)q(cal)f(or)h(global)f(address)i(w)o(ord)0 2579 y(\(instruction)d(or)f -(extended)i(format\).)j(Second,)c(there)h(are)f(sev)o(eral)f(v)n(arieties)h -(of)e(indexing:)21 b(lo)q(cal)14 b(and)h(global,)0 2629 y(with)f(t)o(w)o(o)f -(v)o(ersions)h(of)g(the)g(latter)g(dep)q(ending)h(on)e(whether)j(the)e(quan)o -(tit)o(y)f(b)q(eing)h(indexed)g(is)g(lo)q(cal)f(or)h(global.)p -eop -%%Page: 41 77 -41 76 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.7.)31 b(EFFECTIVE{ADDRESS)14 b(CALCULA)m(TION)872 -b FB(41)212 195 y Fz(\017)21 b Fw(L)n(o)n(c)n(al)e(indexing)24 -b FB(o)q(ccurs)c(when)f(the)h(address)g(w)o(ord)f(is)g(lo)q(cal)f(and)h -(either)h(the)f(left)g(half)f(of)g(the)i(index)254 245 y(register)g(is)e -(negativ)o(e)h(\(i.e.,)f(bit)g(0)h(is)f(one\))h(or)g(the)g(section)g(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)f(part)h(of)f(it)g(\(bits)h(6{17\))f(is)h(zero.)254 -295 y(\(Index)12 b(register)i(bits)e(1{5)f(are)i(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(to)i(soft) -o(w)o(are.\))18 b(In)12 b(this)g(case)h(the)g(op)q(eration)f(is)g(carried)h -(out)f(just)254 345 y(as)g(in)h(the)g(unextended)h(pro)q(cedure,)g(and)f(the) -g(indexing)f(pro)q(duces)i(a)e(lo)q(cal)g(address)i(in)e(the)h(section)h -(from)254 394 y(whic)o(h)e(the)g(address)i(w)o(ord)d(is)h(tak)o(en)g(\(the)h -(PC)f(section)h(in)f(the)g(case)h(of)f(an)f(instruction)i(w)o(ord\).)k(Th)o -(us,)12 b(the)254 444 y(program)e(can)i(use)h(lo)q(cal)e(indexing)g(in)h(a)f -(non{zero)i(section.)18 b(F)m(urthermore,)12 b(a)f(program)g(can)h(use)h(the) -f(left)254 494 y(half)f(of)h(the)i(lo)q(cal)d(index)i(register)h(for)e(a)h -(con)o(trol)f(coun)o(t)h(that)g(coun)o(ts)g(up)g(through)f(negativ)o(e)h(n)o -(um)o(b)q(ers)f(to)254 544 y(end)i(an)g(iterativ)o(e)g(pro)q(cess)h(at)f -(zero)h(\(as)f(is)g(done)g(in,)f(e.g.,)g(the)h Fu(A)o(OBJN)f -FB(instruction\).)212 625 y Fz(\017)21 b Fw(Glob)n(al)12 b(indexing)k -FB(means)10 b(the)i(in)o(terpretation)g(of)f(an)g(index)h(register)g(as)g(a)f -(30{bit)f(address;)j(consequen)o(tly)254 675 y(a)i(30{bit)f(global)f(address) -k(will)d(result.)22 b(Global)14 b(indexing)g(can)i(o)q(ccur)g(in)f(either)h -(of)e(t)o(w)o(o)h(circumstances)254 725 y(\(with)h(quite)g(di\013eren)o(t)h -(e\013ects\).)27 b(First,)17 b(global)e(indexing)g(o)q(ccurs)j(when)f(the)f -(address)i(w)o(ord)e(is)g(global.)254 775 y(The)11 b(30{bit)e(v)n(alue)h(in)g -(bits)h(6{35)e(of)h(the)i(index)e(register)i(is)e(added)h(to)g(the)g(30{bit)e -Fw(Y)19 b FB(v)n(alue)10 b(from)e(bits)j(6{35)254 824 y(of)k(the)i(global)e -(address)j(w)o(ord.)25 b(This)16 b(is)g(simply)f(a)h(global)e(extension)j(of) -f(lo)q(cal)g(indexing:)22 b(the)17 b(address)254 874 y(w)o(ord)d(ma)o(y)f -(con)o(tain)h(an)h(address)g(and)g(the)g(index)g(register)h(an)e(unsigned)h -(o\013set,)g(or)g(vice)g(v)o(ersa;)g(adding)254 924 y(a)f(large)g(o\013set)i -(can)e(b)q(e)i(the)f(same)e(as)i(subtracting)g(a)f(small)f(one.)20 -b(\(In)15 b(this)f(case,)i(bits)e(0{5)g(of)g(the)h(index)254 -974 y(register)g(are)f(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(to)i(soft)o(w)o(are.\))254 -1039 y(Second,)i(global)f(indexing)g(o)q(ccurs)i(when)g(the)f(address)h(w)o -(ord)f(is)g(lo)q(cal)f(and)g(the)i(left)e(half)g(of)h(the)g(index)254 -1089 y(register)f(is)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e)f(\(i.e.,)f(bit)i(0)f(is)g(zero\))i -(and)e(bits)h(6{17)e(con)o(tain)h(a)h(non{zero)g(section)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)k -(This)254 1139 y(case)h(is)e(quite)h(unlik)o(e)f(lo)q(cal)g(indexing:)27 -b(the)19 b(index)g(\(again,)g(bits)f(6{35\))g(is)h(assumed)f(to)h(b)q(e)g(a)g -(global)254 1189 y(address,)c(and)f(the)g(18{bit)f Fw(Y)22 -b FB(is)14 b(in)o(terpreted)i(as)e(a)f(signed)i(displacemen)o(t)e(\(in)h(the) -g(range)h(from)d Fz(\000)p FB(2)1864 1174 y Fi(17)1913 1189 -y FB(to)254 1239 y(2)275 1224 y Fi(17)320 1239 y Fz(\000)e -FB(1\),)15 b(whic)o(h)g(is)g(added)h(to)f(it)g(algebraically)m(.)k(The)d(v)n -(alue)e Fw(Y)23 b FB(is)15 b(sign{extended)i(b)o(y)e(cop)o(ying)f(its)h(bit) -254 1288 y(18)i(to)g(bits)g(6{17)g(of)g(the)h(addend.)29 b(\(In)17 -b(this)h(case,)g(bits)g(1{5)e(of)h(the)h(index)g(register)g(are)g(a)o(v)n -(ailable)d(to)254 1338 y(soft)o(w)o(are.\))150 1461 y(As)f(sho)o(wn)f(in)g -(Figure)g(1.11,)f(the)i(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)h(calculation)e(b)q(egins)g -(in)g(the)h(section)g(from)d(whic)o(h)i(the)h(\014rst)150 1511 -y(address)k(w)o(ord)f(is)g(tak)o(en.)27 b(This)16 b(is)h(the)g(\\lo)q(cal")f -(section)i(for)e(the)h(giv)o(en)g(address)h(w)o(ord|the)f(PC)g(section)g(in) -150 1561 y(the)f(case)g(of)f(an)g(instruction)h(w)o(ord)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b) -o(y)e(PC.)g(The)h(calculation)e(remains)g(in)h(the)h(lo)q(cal)f(section)h(un) -o(til)150 1611 y(the)g(app)q(earance)h(of)d(a)h(global)f(quan)o(tit)o(y)h -(\(index)g(or)h(indirect)f(w)o(ord\))h(c)o(hanges)g(the)g(section)g(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er.)22 b(So)15 b(long)150 1660 y(as)f(only)e(lo)q(cal)h(ev)o(en)o(ts)i -(o)q(ccur,)f(all)e(addresses)k(are)e(in)o(terpreted)h(as)e(b)q(eing)h(in)f -(the)h(same)f(section)h(\(lo)q(cal)f(indexing)150 1710 y(wraps)j(around)f -(256K\).)f(Note)i(that)f(either)h(a)f(lo)q(cal)g(or)g(global)f(address)i(can) -g(b)q(e)g(used)g(to)f(fetc)o(h)h(either)g(a)f(lo)q(cal)150 -1760 y(or)h(global)f(indirect)i(w)o(ord,)f(but)g(indexing)g(can)g(c)o(hange)h -(only)f(a)g(lo)q(cal)f(quan)o(tit)o(y)g(to)h(a)g(global)f(one|it)h(cannot)150 -1810 y(mo)q(dify)d(a)j(global)d(address)k(in)o(to)e(a)g(lo)q(cal)g(one.)24 -b(No)15 b(matter)g(ho)o(w)g(long)g(the)h(pro)q(cedure)h(remains)e(lo)q(cal,)g -(global)150 1860 y(indexing)d(or)g(retriev)n(al)g(of)g(a)g(global)f(indirect) -h(w)o(ord)h(can)f(switc)o(h)h(to)f(a)g(new)h(section.)18 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er) -13 b(if)e(the)i(pro)q(cedure)150 1910 y(en)o(ters)k(section)f(zero)g(it)f -(can)h(nev)o(er)g(get)g(out.)22 b(This)15 b(is)h(b)q(ecause)h(the)f -(calculation)e(then)i(in)o(terprets)h(all)d(further)150 1959 -y(quan)o(tities)f(as)h(lo)q(cal,)e(no)h(matter)g(what)g(their)h(format;)d -(i.e.,)h(no)h(matter)g(what)h(the)g(program)d(ma)o(y)h(ha)o(v)o(e)h(mean)o(t) -150 2009 y(b)o(y)h(the)g(information)d(placed)j(in)g(the)g(w)o(ords)g(con)o -(taining)f(them.)150 2095 y(A)o(t)i(the)h(end,)g(if)f Fw(E)20 -b FB(is)15 b(an)g(address,)i(then)f(either)g(it)f(is)g(a)g(global)f(address)j -(or)e(it)g(is)g(a)g(lo)q(cal)g(address)h(in)f(the)h(last)150 -2145 y(section)g(from)e(whic)o(h)h(an)g(address)i(w)o(ord)f(w)o(as)f(fetc)o -(hed.)24 b(The)16 b(distinction)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(a)e(lo)q(cal)f(address)j -(and)e(the)150 2194 y(n)o(umerically)e(equiv)n(alen)o(t)h(global)f(address)j -(is)f(sometimes)d(imp)q(ortan)o(t.)19 b(F)m(or)c(example,)e(in)h(an)h -(instruction)g(that)150 2244 y(uses)g(a)e(t)o(w)o(o{w)o(ord)g(op)q(erand)i -(in)e Fw(E)19 b FB(and)14 b Fr(E)d FB(+)e(1,)k(if)g Fw(E)19 -b FB(is)13 b(lo)q(cal)g(then)i Fr(E)c FB(+)e(1)14 b(will)e(b)q(e)i(in)g(the)g -(same)f(section)h(as)g(E;)150 2294 y(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)g(if)f -Fw(E)19 b FB(is)14 b(global)f(and)h(bits)g(18{35)e(of)i Fw(E)19 -b FB(are)14 b(777777,)f(then)h Fr(E)e FB(+)d(1)14 b(will)f(b)q(e)h(lo)q -(cation)f(0)h(of)g(the)g(section)150 2344 y(follo)o(wing)f -Fw(E)5 b FB(.)15 b(Also,)g(when)g(bits)h(18{35)e(con)o(tain)h(a)g(v)n(alue)f -(in)h(the)h(range)g(0{17)e(and)h(the)h(address)h(is)e(lo)q(cal,)f(the)150 -2394 y(address)f(sp)q(eci\014es)g(one)f(of)f(the)h(accum)o(ulators;)f(ho)o(w) -o(ev)o(er,)h(if)e(the)j(address)f(is)g(global)e(\(and)h(the)h(section)h(is)e -(greater)150 2443 y(than)j(1\),)f(the)i(address)g(sp)q(eci\014es)h(a)d -(memory)f(lo)q(cation.)150 2529 y(In)17 b(an)f(instruction)h(in)f(whic)o(h)g -Fw(E)22 b FB(is)17 b(not)f(an)g(address,)i(the)g(section)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -(is)g(ignored)h(and)f Fw(E)22 b FB(is)16 b(whatev)o(er)150 -2579 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(bits)h(is)g(appropriate.)23 b(In)16 -b(particular,)f(an)h(immedia)o(te{m)o(o)q(de)d(op)q(erand)k(is)e(alw)o(a)o -(ys)g(eigh)o(teen)h(bits,)150 2629 y(except)f(in)f(t)o(w)o(o)f(instructions)i -(that)f(sp)q(eci\014cally)g(handle)g(an)f(extended)j(address)f(as)f(an)f -(immediate)e(op)q(erand.)p eop -%%Page: 42 78 -42 77 bop 0 50 a FB(42)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)227 -181 y Fx(Figure)18 b(1.11:)24 b(Extended)17 b(E\013ectiv)n(e{Address)g -(Computation)0 2656 y Fn(HRMF-EA)o(CALC.TEX)p 17 2456 381 4 -v 17 2518 4 63 v 40 2495 a Ft(E)62 2501 y Fo(<)p Fi(6:35)p -Fo(>)187 2495 y Fz(\()11 b Ft(Y)262 2501 y Fo(<)p Fi(6:35)p -Fo(>)p 394 2518 V 17 2521 381 4 v 1034 2456 588 4 v 1034 2518 -4 63 v 1042 2495 a Ft(E)1064 2501 y Fo(<)p Fi(6:35)p Fo(>)1188 -2495 y Fz(\()g Ft(C)p FB(\()p Ft(X)p FB(\))1317 2507 y Fo(<)p -Fi(6:35)p Fo(>)1439 2495 y FB(+)e Ft(Y)1502 2501 y Fo(<)p Fi(6:35)p -Fo(>)p 1619 2518 V 1034 2521 588 4 v 206 2605 a Fk(&)p 291 -2605 21 4 v 955 w(&)p 1411 2605 V 166 w(\045)p 1557 2605 V -311 2605 1246 4 v 1659 2519 4 872 v 381 2248 796 4 v 381 2373 -4 125 v 402 2298 a Ft(Y)i Fz(\()g Ft(MB)532 2304 y Fo(<)p Fi(6:35)p -Fo(>)645 2298 y FB(;)29 b Ft(X)12 b Fz(\()f Ft(MB)816 2304 -y Fo(<)p Fi(2:5)p Fo(>)913 2298 y FB(;)29 b Ft(I)12 b Fz(\()f -Ft(MB)1084 2304 y Fo(<)p Fi(1)p Fo(>)501 2348 y FB(Indexed)k(Address?)20 -b(T)m(est)14 b Ft(X)g FB(\014eld.)p 1173 2373 V 381 2376 796 -4 v 311 2334 73 4 v 206 2334 a Fk(')p 291 2334 21 4 v 206 2457 -4 42 v 208 2457 a Fl(?)256 2316 y Ft(X)22 b(=)g(0)1327 2334 -y Fk($)p 1225 2334 21 4 v 1173 2334 52 4 v 1327 2457 4 42 v -1328 2457 a Fl(?)1191 2314 y Ft(X)g Fz(6)p FB(=)g Ft(0)p 381 -2020 796 4 v 381 2165 4 146 v 501 2057 a FB(Deco)q(de)15 b(Indirect)g(W)m -(ord)e Ft(MB)960 2063 y Fo(<)p Fi(0:1)p Fo(>)426 2107 y Ft(10)p -FB(:)k(Lo)q(cal)d(Indirect)28 b Ft(00)p FB(:)18 b(Global)12 -b(Indirect)427 2148 y Ft(11)p FB(:)18 b(P)o(age)c(F)m(ail)109 -b Ft(01)p FB(:)17 b(Global)12 b(Indirect)p 1173 2165 V 381 -2168 796 4 v 777 2250 4 84 v 778 2250 a Fl(?)801 2223 y Ft(00)i -FB(or)f Ft(01)p FB(:)18 b(Global)12 b(Indirect)j(W)m(ord)p -0 2135 384 4 v 0 2133 a Fl(\033)31 2185 y Ft(11)p FB(:)i(P)o(age)d(F)m -(ailure)-2 2056 y Fk(&)p 83 2056 21 4 v 104 2056 281 4 v 153 -2042 a Ft(10)p FB(:)j(Lo)q(cal)168 2096 y(Indirect)p -2 1972 -4 1279 v 381 1833 796 4 v 381 1937 4 104 v 458 1873 a(F)m(etc)o(h)d(the)h -(Indirect)f(W)m(ord:)k Ft(MB)p Fz(\()p Ft(C\(E\))485 1917 y -FB(Non{Zero)d(Section?)j(T)m(est)d Ft(E)959 1923 y Fo(<)p Fi(6:17)p -Fo(>)p 1173 1937 V 381 1940 796 4 v 777 2021 4 84 v 778 2021 -a Fl(?)801 1990 y FB(Section)f Fz(6)p FB(=)h Ft(0)p 104 1909 -281 4 v -2 1909 a Fk(&)p 83 1909 21 4 v 155 1893 a FB(Section)f -Ft(0)p 381 1688 796 4 v 381 1750 4 63 v 493 1729 a FB(Indirect)g(Addressing?) -19 b(T)m(est)c Ft(I)e FB(bit)p 1173 1750 V 381 1753 796 4 v -777 1835 4 84 v 778 1835 a Fl(?)801 1806 y Ft(I)22 b(=)f(1)p -1173 1722 416 4 v 1546 1720 a Fl(-)1225 1704 y Ft(I)g(=)h(0)p -FB(.)c Fy(Done!)1225 1766 y Ft(E)13 b FB(is)h(the)g(E\013ectiv)o(e)1266 -1807 y(Address)1225 1849 y(If)f Ft(IR)h FB(con)o(tains)f(an)h -Ft(XCT)1266 1886 y FB(instruction,)g(con)o(tin)o(ue)1266 1928 -y(this)g(pro)q(cess)i(at)1266 1969 y(\\)p Ft(XCT)d FB(Con)o(tin)o(ues",)1266 -2015 y(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)p 777 1689 4 42 v 778 1689 a Fl(?)777 -1566 y Fk($)p 675 1566 21 4 v -166 w(')p 861 1566 V 716 w($)p -1557 1566 V -270 w(\045)p 1453 1566 V 882 1566 675 4 v 38 1356 -651 4 v 38 1480 4 125 v 52 1426 a Ft(E)74 1432 y Fo(<)p Fi(18:35)p -Fo(>)214 1426 y Fz(\()e Ft(C)p FB(\()p Ft(X)p FB(\))343 1438 -y Fo(<)p Fi(18:35)p Fo(>)482 1426 y FB(+)f Ft(Y)546 1432 y -Fo(<)p Fi(18:35)p Fo(>)p 685 1480 V 38 1483 651 4 v 310 1566 -a Fk(&)p 394 1566 21 4 v 415 1566 260 4 v 889 1356 630 4 v -889 1480 4 125 v 983 1398 a Ft(Y)1005 1404 y Fo(<)p Fi(6:17)p -Fo(>)1129 1398 y Fz(\()h FB(7777)d Fz(\002)i Ft(Y)1338 1404 -y Fo(<)p Fi(18)p Fo(>)917 1450 y Ft(E)939 1456 y Fo(<)p Fi(6:35)p -Fo(>)1063 1450 y Fz(\()h Ft(C)p FB(\()p Ft(X)p FB(\))1192 1462 -y Fo(<)p Fi(6:35)p Fo(>)1314 1450 y FB(+)f Ft(Y)1378 1456 y -Fo(<)p Fi(6:35)p Fo(>)p 1515 1480 V 889 1483 630 4 v 1244 1566 -a Fk(\045)p 1142 1566 21 4 v 422 1148 713 4 v 422 1273 4 125 -v 504 1198 a FB(T)m(est)15 b Ft(C\(X\))p FB(.)d(Global)g(Index)j(when)437 -1243 y Ft(\(C\(X\))547 1249 y Fo(<)p Fi(0)p Fo(>)628 1243 y -FB(=)22 b Ft(0\))f Fz(^)14 b Ft(\(C\(X\))899 1249 y Fo(<)p -Fi(6:17)p Fo(>)1022 1243 y Fz(6)p FB(=)22 b Ft(0\))p 1131 1273 -V 422 1276 713 4 v 415 1214 11 4 v 191 1336 a FB(Lo)q(cal)41 -b(Index)310 1214 y Fk(')p 394 1214 21 4 v 310 1357 4 63 v 311 -1357 a Fl(?)p 1131 1214 11 4 v 1244 1214 a Fk($)p 1142 1214 -21 4 v 1244 1357 4 63 v 1245 1357 a Fl(?)1104 1330 y FB(Global)f(Index)p -474 982 609 4 v 474 1065 4 84 v 488 1034 a(T)m(est)15 b(Section)f(Num)o(b)q -(er)f(in)h Ft(E)956 1040 y Fo(<)p Fi(6:17)p Fo(>)p 1079 1065 -V 474 1068 609 4 v 415 1027 63 4 v 310 1027 a Fk(')p 394 1027 -21 4 v 290 1010 a FB(Section)g Ft(0)p 310 1295 4 187 v 777 -1150 4 84 v 778 1150 a Fl(?)797 1119 y FB(Section)g Fz(6)p -FB(=)p Ft(0)p 1346 982 422 4 v 1346 1065 4 84 v 1373 1032 a(E)1395 -1038 y Fo(<)p Fi(18:35)p Fo(>)1536 1032 y Fz(\()d Ft(Y)1611 -1038 y Fo(<)p Fi(18:35)p Fo(>)p 1764 1065 V 1346 1068 422 4 -v 1555 1482 4 416 v 433 733 692 4 v 433 899 4 167 v 578 781 -a Ft(Y)600 787 y Fo(<)p Fi(18:35)p Fo(>)741 781 y Fz(\()g Ft(MB)838 -787 y Fo(<)p Fi(18:35)p Fo(>)967 781 y FB(;)519 827 y Ft(X)h -Fz(\()f Ft(MB)649 833 y Fo(<)p Fi(14:17)p Fo(>)779 827 y FB(;)29 -b Ft(I)12 b Fz(\()f Ft(MB)950 833 y Fo(<)p Fi(13)p Fo(>)501 -877 y FB(Indexed)k(Address?)20 b(T)m(est)14 b Ft(X)g FB(\014eld.)p -1121 899 V 433 902 692 4 v 777 984 4 84 v 778 984 a Fl(?)801 -952 y Ft(X)g FB(\014eld)g Fz(6)p FB(=)g Ft(0)p 1555 984 4 42 -v 1557 984 a Fl(?)1555 861 y Fk($)p 1453 861 21 4 v 1121 861 -333 4 v 1190 838 a Ft(X)g FB(\014eld)g(=)g Ft(0)1176 909 y -FB(No)f(Indexing)p 777 735 4 42 v 778 735 a Fl(?)777 612 y -Fk($)p 675 612 21 4 v 104 612 571 4 v -166 w(')p 861 612 21 -4 v -945 w(')p 83 612 V 162 699 a FB(A)h Fy(Lo)q(cal)i(Address)c -FB(is)i(in)f(the)i(same)26 b(section)15 b(as)f(this)g Fy(Address)g(W)l(ord)p -401 359 754 4 v 401 525 4 167 v 418 398 a FB(if)f Ft(PC)500 -404 y Fo(<)p Fi(18:31)p Fo(>)629 398 y FB(=)f Ft(0)p FB(,)h(then)i -Ft(MB)p Fz(\()10 b Ft(C)p FB(\()p Ft(PC)993 411 y Fo(<)p Fi(32:35)p -Fo(>)1122 398 y FB(\))585 457 y(else)15 b Ft(MB)p Fz(\()c Ft(C)p -FB(\()p Ft(PC)842 469 y Fo(<)p Fi(6:35)p Fo(>)955 457 y FB(\))453 -509 y Ft(IR)p Fz(\()g Ft(MB)593 515 y Fo(<)p Fi(0:12)p Fo(>)706 -509 y FB(;)30 b Ft(E)770 515 y Fo(<)p Fi(6:17)p Fo(>)894 509 -y Fz(\()11 b Ft(PC)991 515 y Fo(<)p Fi(6:17)p Fo(>)p 1152 525 -V 401 528 754 4 v 777 361 4 63 v 778 361 a Fl(?)598 290 y Fy(Instruction)i(F) -l(etc)o(h)p 777 693 4 167 v 1367 422 339 4 v 1367 525 4 104 -v 1450 461 a Ft(MB)p Fz(\()d Ft(C)p FB(\()p Ft(E)p FB(\))1409 -509 y Ft(IR)p Fz(\()h Ft(MB)1550 515 y Fo(<)p Fi(0:12)p Fo(>)p -1702 525 V 1367 528 339 4 v 1534 423 4 63 v 1536 423 a Fl(?)1406 -353 y Ft(XCT)i FB(Con)o(tin)o(ues)1534 612 y Fk(\045)p 1432 -612 21 4 v 882 612 551 4 v 485 589 a Fy(Lo)q(cal{F)l(ormat)i(Address)f(W)l -(ord)p eop -%%Page: 43 79 -43 78 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.8.)31 b(PR)o(OGRAMMING)13 b(CONVENTIONS)994 -b FB(43)150 195 y(The)14 b(accum)o(ulators)f(are)h(regarded)g(as)g(b)q(eing)g -(in)f(the)h(lo)q(cal)f(section)h(of)g(the)g(instruction)g(that)f(addresses)j -(them.)150 245 y(Hence,)e(unless)g(otherwise)g(sp)q(eci\014ed,)g(a)f(lo)q -(cal)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(tak)o(en)g(from)e(an)i(accum)o(ulator)f(addresses)j(a) -d(lo)q(cation)g(in)150 295 y(the)i(same)f(section)i(as)f(the)h(instruction.) -150 380 y(Finally)m(,)10 b(there)j(is)f(the)h(matter)e(of)g(fast{memory)f -(reference.)20 b(An)12 b(address)h(references)i(a)d(fast{memory)d(lo)q -(cation)150 430 y(if)18 b(its)h(in{section)f(part)h(is)g(in)f(the)h(range)g -(0{17)f(and)h(either)g(the)h(address)g(is)e(supplied)h(b)o(y)f(PC,)h(the)g -(section)150 480 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)d(is)g(0,)g(the)h(section)g(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)f(is)g(1,)g(or)g(the)h(address)h(is)e(lo)q(cal.)25 b(Note)16 -b(that)h(if)e(PC)i(coun)o(ts)g(b)q(ey)o(ond)f(the)150 530 y(last)g -(in{section)g(address,)i(the)f(wraparound)f(causes)i(instructions)f(to)f(b)q -(e)h(tak)o(en)g(from)d(the)j(A)o(Cs.)26 b(There)18 b(are)150 -580 y(t)o(w)o(o)d(means)g(b)o(y)h(whic)o(h)g(A)o(C)g(references)i(can)e(b)q -(e)h(made)d(from)g(an)o(y)i(section:)23 b(b)o(y)15 b(using)h(a)f(lo)q(cal)g -(address)i(or)f(b)o(y)150 629 y(using)f(what)f(is)h(sp)q(eci\014cally)g -(regarded)h(as)f(a)g Fw(glob)n(al)g(A)o(C)g(addr)n(ess)s FB(:)21 -b(a)14 b(section)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g(1)h(com)o(bined)f(with)g(a)150 -679 y(fast{memory)d(in{section)j(address.)150 852 y Fs(1.8)70 -b(Programm)o(i)o(ng)20 b(Con)n(v)n(en)n(tions)150 979 y FB(Tw)o(o)13 -b(elemen)o(ts)f(of)h(system)g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(in)o(timately)d(asso)q(ciated) -k(with)e(the)i(presen)o(tation)g(in)e(this)h(man)o(ual)e(are)i(the)150 -1029 y(assem)o(bler)d(and)f(the)i(op)q(erating)f(system.)16 -b(The)11 b(man)o(ual)c(explains)j(the)g(DECsystem{10)f(and)h(DECSYSTEM{20)150 -1078 y(in)g(terms)g(of)g(mac)o(hine)g(language)f(programming.)k(Suc)o(h)e -(programming)c(mak)o(es)j(use)h(of)f(those)h(basic)g(c)o(haracteris-)150 -1128 y(tics)g(of)f(the)h(MA)o(CR)o(O)g(assem)o(bler)f(describ)q(ed)i(here.)18 -b(The)12 b(assem)o(bler)e(naturally)f(has)i(man)o(y)e(other)i(features,)h -(suc)o(h)150 1178 y(as)h(use)h(of)e(prede\014ned)j(and)e(user{de\014ned)i -(pseudo{instructions.)k(The)14 b(o)o(v)o(erview)e(of)h(the)g(system)g(presen) -o(ted)i(in)150 1228 y(the)g(\014rst)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(sections)h(and)f(the)h -(more)f(detailed)g(presen)o(tation)h(of)f(system)g(op)q(erations)h(in)e -(later)i(c)o(hapters)h(are)150 1278 y(in)e(a)g(sense)i(a)f(presen)o(tation)g -(of)f(the)h(sophisticated)g(features)h(of)d(the)i(op)q(erating)g(system:)k -(its)14 b(most)g(impressiv)o(e)150 1328 y(features)g(related)g(to)g(the)g -(pro)q(cessor)h(are)f(essen)o(tially)f(its)g(capabilities)g(for)g(taking)f -(adv)n(an)o(tage)g(of)h(these)i(sophis-)150 1377 y(ticated)g(hardw)o(are)g(c) -o(haracteristics.)21 b(There)16 b(are)f(t)o(w)o(o)f(op)q(erating)g(systems:) -20 b(the)15 b(TOPS{10)f(Monitor)g(and)g(the)150 1427 y(TOPS{20)h(Monitor.)22 -b(The)16 b(basic)f(thrust)h(of)f(b)q(oth)g(is)h(the)f(timesharing)f(of)h(the) -h(system)f(among)e(a)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)150 1477 y(indep)q(enden)o(t)h -(users,)h(all)c(of)i(whom)e(can)j(mak)o(e)d(extensiv)o(e)j(use)g(of)e(all)g -(system)h(facilities,)f(including)g(fron)o(t{end)150 1527 y(pro)q(cessing)h -(and)f(the)g(adv)n(anced)g(\014le)g(system.)150 1612 y(MA)o(CR)o(O)i -(recognizes)i(a)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(mnemonics)e(and)i(other)h(initial)e -(sym)o(b)q(ols)f(that)j(facilitate)e(constructing)150 1662 -y(complete)d(instruction)h(w)o(ords)g(and)g(organizing)f(them)g(in)o(to)g(a)g -(program.)k(In)d(particular)g(there)h(are)f(mnemonics)150 1712 -y(for)j(the)g(instruction)h(co)q(des)g(\(App)q(endix)f(A.3\),)g(whic)o(h)g -(are)g(nine)g(or)g(thirteen)h(bits)f(\(six)g(in)f(pre{KS10)i(in{out)150 -1762 y(instructions\).)28 b(The)17 b(assem)o(bler)g(translates)g(ev)o(ery)h -(statemen)o(t)f(in)o(to)f(a)g(36{bit)g(w)o(ord,)h(placing)f(0s)h(in)f(all)g -(bits)150 1812 y(whose)e(v)n(alues)g(are)g(unsp)q(eci\014ed.)20 -b(F)m(or)14 b(example,)e(the)i(mnemonic)324 1936 y Ft(MOVNS)150 -2096 y FB(assem)o(bles)g(as)g(213000)e(000000,)g(and)324 2221 -y Ft(MOVNS)65 b(2570)150 2381 y FB(assem)o(bles)14 b(as)h(213000)d(002570.)18 -b(This)d(latter)f(w)o(ord,)g(when)h(executed)h(as)f(an)f(instruction,)g(pro)q -(duces)i(the)f(t)o(w)o(os)150 2431 y(complemen)o(t)d(negativ)o(e)i(of)f(the)h -(w)o(ord)g(in)f(memory)f(lo)q(cation)h(2570.)p eop -%%Page: 44 80 -44 79 bop 0 50 a FB(44)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)840 -224 y Fx(Note)104 315 y FB(Throughout)16 b(this)h(man)o(ual)d(all)h(n)o(um)o -(b)q(ers)h(represen)o(ting)i(instruction)f(w)o(ords,)g(register)h(con)o(ten)o -(ts,)104 365 y(co)q(des,)c(and)e(addresses)k(are)d(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(o)q(ctal,)g -(and)h(an)o(y)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(app)q(earing)h(in)g(program)e(examples)104 -414 y(are)j(o)q(ctal)f(unless)h(otherwise)g(indicated.)k(On)13 -b(the)h(other)g(hand,)f(the)h(ordinary)f(use)h(of)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(in)104 -464 y(the)h(text)g(to)g(coun)o(t)g(steps)h(in)e(an)h(op)q(eration)f(or)h(to)f -(sp)q(ecify)i(w)o(ord)e(or)h(b)o(yte)g(lengths,)g(bit)f(p)q(ositions,)104 -514 y(exp)q(onen)o(ts,)h(etc.)19 b(emplo)o(ys)13 b(standard)h(decimal)e -(notation.)104 600 y(In)k(the)h(rare)f(instances)i(where)f(hexadecimal)d -(notation)i(is)g(appropriate,)g(suc)o(h)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)e(are)i(in-)104 -649 y(tro)q(duced)e(with)f(\\0x".)0 795 y(The)e(initial)e(sym)o(b)q(ol)g -Ft(@)i FB(preceding)g(a)g(memory)d(address)k(places)g(a)e(1)h(in)f(bit)h(13)f -(to)h(pro)q(duce)h(indirect)f(addressing.)0 845 y(The)i(example)f(giv)o(en)g -(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)h(uses)h(direct)g(addressing,)f(but)174 967 -y Ft(MOVNS)21 b(@2570)0 1124 y FB(assem)o(bles)e(as)h(213020)e(002570)f(and)j -(pro)q(duces)h(indirect)e(addressing.)36 b(Placing)18 b(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)f(of)g(an)g(index)0 1174 y(register)e(\(1{17\))d(in)h(paren)o(theses)j -(follo)o(wing)12 b(the)k(memory)d(address)k(causes)g(mo)q(di\014cation)c(of)i -(the)h(address)g(b)o(y)0 1223 y(the)e(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(the)g(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(register.)j(Hence:)174 1345 y Ft(MOVNS)i(@2570\(12\))0 -1502 y FB(whic)o(h)d(assem)o(bles)g(as)g(213032)e(002570,)i(pro)q(duces)h -(indexing)e(using)h(index)g(register)h(12,)g(and)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor)0 -1552 y(then)c(uses)g(the)f(mo)q(di\014ed)f(address)i(to)f(con)o(tin)o(ue)g -(the)g(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)i(calculation.)0 1637 y(An)f(accum)o(ulator)f -(address)j(\(0{17\))d(precedes)k(the)e(memory)c(address)17 -b(part)e(\(if)g(an)o(y\))g(and)g(is)g(terminated)f(b)o(y)h(a)0 -1687 y(comma.)g(Th)o(us,)174 1808 y Ft(MOVNS)21 b(4,@2570\(12\))0 -1966 y FB(assem)o(bles)15 b(as)g(213232)f(002570,)f(whic)o(h)i(negates)i(the) -e(w)o(ord)g(in)g(lo)q(cation)f Fw(E)i FB(and)f(stores)h(the)g(result)g(in)f -(b)q(oth)g Fw(E)0 2015 y FB(and)d(in)f(accum)o(ulator)f(4.)17 -b(The)c(same)d(pro)q(cedure)k(ma)o(y)c(b)q(e)i(used)h(to)f(place)g(1s)f(in)h -(bits)g(9{12)e(when)j(these)g(are)f(used)0 2065 y(for)h(something)f(other)i -(than)g(addressing)g(an)f(accum)o(ulator,)f(but)h(mnemonics)f(are)h(a)o(v)n -(ailable)f(for)h(this)g(purp)q(ose.)0 2151 y(The)i(device)g(co)q(de)h(in)e(a) -g(pre{KS10)h(In{Out)g(instruction)g(is)f(giv)o(en)h(in)f(the)h(same)f(manner) -f(as)i(an)f(accum)o(ulator)0 2201 y(address)h(\(terminated)e(b)o(y)g(a)h -(comma)d(and)i(preceding)i(the)f(address)h(part\),)e(but)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)f(giv)o(en)g(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(a)0 2250 y(m)o(ultiple)g(of)h(4)g(and)h -(within)f(the)i(o)q(ctal)e(range)i(000{774.)22 b(Mnemonics)15 -b(are)h(customarily)f(used,)h(and)g(they)h(are)0 2300 y(de\014ned)g(for)f -(all)f(standard)h(device)h(co)q(des.)26 b(T)m(o)16 b(con)o(trol)g(the)g -(priorit)o(y)g(in)o(terrupt)h(system)f(whose)g(co)q(de)h(is)f(004,)0 -2350 y(one)e(ma)o(y)e(giv)o(e)174 2471 y Ft(CONO)21 b(4,1302)0 -2629 y FB(whic)o(h)14 b(assem)o(bles)f(as)h(700600)f(001302,)f(or)i(equiv)n -(alen)o(tly)p eop -%%Page: 45 81 -45 80 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.8.)31 b(PR)o(OGRAMMING)13 b(CONVENTIONS)994 -b FB(45)324 245 y Ft(CONO)21 b(PI,1302)150 405 y FB(The)14 -b(programming)d(examples)i(in)g(this)h(man)o(ual)d(use)k(the)g(follo)o(wing)c -(notational)h(con)o(v)o(en)o(tions:)212 532 y Fz(\017)21 b -FB(A)14 b(colon)f(follo)o(wing)e(a)j(sym)o(b)q(ol)e(indicates)i(that)g(it)g -(is)f(a)h(sym)o(b)q(olic)e(lo)q(cation)h(name.)254 657 y Ft(A:)130 -b(ADD)21 b(6,5704)254 798 y FB(indicates)14 b(that)g(the)g(lo)q(cation)f -(that)h(con)o(tains)g(ADD)g(6,5704)e(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)i(addressed)i(sym)o(b)q -(olically)11 b(as)j(A.)212 881 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(The)14 b(p)q(erio)q(d)g -(represen)o(ts)j(the)d(curren)o(t)i(address,)e(e.g.,)428 1005 -y Ft(ADD)21 b(5,.+2)254 1147 y FB(is)14 b(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(to)254 -1271 y Ft(A:)130 b(ADD)21 b(5,A+2)212 1429 y Fz(\017)g FB(Square)14 -b(brac)o(k)o(ets)g(sp)q(ecify)h(the)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(a)g(lo)q(cation,) -f(lea)o(ving)h(the)h(address)h(of)e(the)h(lo)q(cation)f(implicit)254 -1479 y(but)h(unsp)q(eci\014ed.)20 b(F)m(or)13 b(example,)428 -1603 y Ft(ADD)21 b(12,[7256004])254 1744 y FB(and)428 1869 -y Ft(ADD)g(12,A)472 1919 y(.)472 1969 y(.)472 2018 y(.)254 -2068 y(A:)130 b(7256004)254 2209 y FB(are)17 b(equiv)n(alen)o(t.)28 -b(The)17 b(brac)o(k)o(eted)i(quan)o(tit)o(y)m(,)d(whic)o(h)h(is)g(called)g(a) -g(\\literal",)f(can)i(b)q(e)f(giv)o(en)g(as)g(the)h(left)254 -2259 y(and)12 b(righ)o(t)g(halv)o(es)g(separated)i(b)o(y)e(a)g(double)g -(comma,)d(not)k(only)e(eliminating)e(the)k(need)h(to)e(insert)h(leading)254 -2309 y(zeros)j(for)f(the)h(righ)o(t)f(half,)f(but)h(allo)o(wing)e(use)j(of)f -(a)g(min)o(us)e(sign)i(for)g(a)g(negativ)o(e)g(half)f(w)o(ord)h(as)h(w)o -(ell.)21 b(In)254 2359 y(other)14 b(w)o(ords)428 2483 y Ft([-246,,135])254 -2624 y FB(is)g(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(to)p eop -%%Page: 46 82 -46 81 bop 0 50 a FB(46)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)278 -245 y Ft([777532000135])62 403 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(A)f(literal)f(can)h -(encompass)g(an)o(y)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(lines)h(of)f(co)q(de,)j(emplo)o -(ying)17 b(an)o(y)j(of)f(the)i(programmi)o(ng)104 452 y(con)o(v)o(en)o(tions) -c(de\014ned)i(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)f(and)f(b)q(e)h(assem)o(bled)f(in)g(consecutiv) -o(e)i(lo)q(cations.)28 b(In)18 b(fact)f(a)h(reasonable)104 -502 y(w)o(a)o(y)13 b(to)h(assem)o(ble)f(the)i(extended)h(instructions)e(is)g -(to)g(giv)o(e)g(the)g(individual)e(extended)k(instruction)e(co)q(de)104 -552 y(and)i(an)o(y)f(necessary)k(follo)o(w{up)14 b(w)o(ords)i(as)g(a)g -(literal)f(in)h(an)g Fu(EXTEND)g FB(instruction.)25 b(The)17 -b(assem)o(bly)e(of)104 602 y(these)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(lines,)104 -726 y Ft(STRING:)20 b(EXTEND)42 b(AC,[MOVSO)20 b(OFF)518 776 -y(FILL])104 917 y FB(pro)q(duces,)h(in)e(lo)q(cation)f(STRING,)g(an)h -Fu(EXTEND)g FB(instruction)h(whose)f Fw(Y)28 b FB(part)19 b(\()p -Fw(E0)6 b FB(\))19 b(p)q(oin)o(ts)g(to)g(the)104 967 y(lo)q(cation)9 -b(con)o(taining)g(the)i(second)g(instruction)g(w)o(ord)f Fu(MO)o(VSO)j(OFF)n -FB(.)k(The)11 b Fw(Y)18 b FB(part)10 b(\()p Fw(E1)c FB(\))11 -b(of)e(the)i Fu(MO)o(VSO)104 1017 y FB(con)o(tains)j(the)g(signed)g(o\013set) -h(OFF,)f(and)f(lo)q(cation)g Fw(E0)6 b FB(+1)14 b(con)o(tains)g(the)h(\014ll) -e(c)o(haracter)i(FILL.)62 1100 y Fz(\017)21 b FB(An)o(ything)12 -b(written)i(at)f(the)g(righ)o(t)g(of)f(a)h(semicolon)e(is)i(commen)o(tary)m -(,)d(not)j(in)o(terpreted)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(computer,)104 1150 -y(that)g(explains)f(the)i(program.)0 1323 y Fs(1.9)70 b(KI10)23 -b(and)h(KA10)f(Characteristics)0 1450 y FB(The)11 b(KI10)g(and)g(KA10)g(are)g -(similar,)e(ev)o(en)i(iden)o(tical,)f(to)h(the)h(KL10)e(in)h(man)o(y)e(resp)q -(ects,)14 b(but)d(their)g(implemen)o(ta-)0 1499 y(tion)g(is)h(quite)g -(di\013eren)o(t:)18 b(they)13 b(ha)o(v)o(e)f(no)g(micro)q(con)o(troller)e(or) -i(micro)q(co)q(de.)17 b(They)c(use)g(the)f(PDP{10)g(instruction)0 -1549 y(set)k(but)f(not)g(in)f(its)h(full)f(v)n(ariet)o(y)g(as)h(a)o(v)n -(ailable)e(in)h(the)h(KL10:)20 b(neither)c(earlier)f(pro)q(cessor)i(can)e -(handle)g(strings)0 1599 y(or)j(double{precision)g(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)g(n)o -(um)o(b)q(ers;)i(the)f(KA10)f(has)g(no)g(capabilit)o(y)f(for)h(handling)f -(double)h(w)o(ords)0 1649 y(or)h(p)q(erforming)e(double{precision)i -(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(arithmetic,)h(although)g(it)h(do)q(es)g(ha)o(v)o(e) -g(instructions)g(\(re-)0 1699 y(tained)13 b(on)f(all)f(KL10)h(and)h(KI10)f -(TOPS{10)h(systems\))f(for)h(assisting)f(the)h(soft)o(w)o(are)g(in)f(doing)g -(double-precision)0 1748 y(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)g(arithmetic)h(in)g(a)h(sp) -q(ecial)g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(format.)0 1834 y(Figure)d(1.12)f(sho)o(ws)h(the)h -(organization)e(of)g(a)h(DECsystem{10)f(based)h(on)g(either)h(of)e(the)i -(earlier)f(pro)q(cessors.)20 b(The)0 1884 y(pro)q(cessor)d(handles)d(its)h(p) -q(eripheral)g(equipmen)o(t)f(directly)h(o)o(v)o(er)g(an)f(in{out)g(bus.)21 -b(There)16 b(is)e(no)h(cac)o(he,)g(there)h(is)0 1934 y(a)e(real{time)e(clo)q -(c)o(k)i(but)h(no)f(meters,)f(and)h(all)f(memory)f(is)i(external.)19 -b(The)14 b(extra)h(four)f(bits)g(sho)o(wn)g(on)g(address)0 -1983 y(registers)g(are)e(applicable)f(only)g(to)h(the)h(KI10.)k(Both)c(pro)q -(cessors)h(use)f(an)f(18{bit)f(in)o(ternal)g(address)i(pro)o(viding)e(a)0 -2033 y(virtual)i(memory)f(of)i(one)g(section)h(that)g(is)f(compatible)f(with) -h(section)h(zero)g(of)e(the)i(KL10.)k(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)c(whereas)0 -2083 y(the)g(KA10)f(has)g(a)g(maxim)n(um)c(ph)o(ysical)k(memory)e(equal)i(in) -f(size)i(to)f(its)h(virtual)e(memory)m(,)e(whic)o(h)j(is)g(organized)0 -2133 y(b)o(y)g(protection)h(and)f(relo)q(cation)g(hardw)o(are,)g(the)h(KI10)f -(has)g(a)g(ph)o(ysical)f(addressing)i(capabilit)o(y)e(equal)h(to)g(that)0 -2183 y(of)h(the)h(KL10)e(\(22{bit)h(address,)h(4096K\))f(and)g(has)g(paging)g -(hardw)o(are.)22 b(The)16 b(KI10)f(virtual)f(address)j(space)f(is)0 -2232 y(the)g(same)f(as)h(that)g(of)f(a)g(KL10)h(with)f(the)h(TOPS{10)g -(Monitor,)f(except)i(that,)f(in)f(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de,)e(the)h(\014rst)0 -2282 y(112K)f(of)h(memory)d(is)j(unpaged)g(\(and)f(th)o(us)i(not)e(a)o(v)n -(ailable)f(to)i(the)g(sup)q(ervisor)h(program\),)d(and)i(the)g(Monitor)0 -2332 y(can)c(de\014ne)h(a)e(so{called)g(\\small)e(user")k(whose)f(accessible) -h(space)g(m)o(ust)d(lie)h(within)g(the)i(virtual)d(ranges)j(0{37777)0 -2382 y(and)j(400000{437777.)22 b(The)16 b(KI10)g(has)h(four)f(fast{memory)d -(blo)q(c)o(ks,)j(of)g(whic)o(h)g(hardw)o(are)h(requires)g(that)f(the)0 -2432 y(Monitor)d(use)i(blo)q(c)o(k)f(0;)f(the)h(KA10)g(has)g(only)f(one)h -(blo)q(c)o(k.)0 2517 y(Both)h(pro)q(cessors)i(ha)o(v)o(e)d(man)o(ual)e(op)q -(erator)j(consoles)g(with)f(facilities)g(that)g(are)h(directly)g(relev)n(an)o -(t)g(to)f(the)h(pro-)0 2567 y(grammer,)i(although)h(they)h(are)g(used)g -(mostly)e(for)i(man)o(ually)c(stepping)k(through)g(a)f(program)f(to)i(debug)g -(it.)0 2617 y(F)m(rom)12 b(the)j(sense)h(switc)o(hes)f(and)f(the)g(36{bit)f -(data)h(switc)o(h)g(register)i(DS,)d(the)i(program)d(can)i(read)h -(information)p eop -%%Page: 47 83 -47 82 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.9.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(CHARA)o(CTERISTICS)924 -b FB(47)150 195 y(supplied)13 b(b)o(y)g(the)h(op)q(erator;)f(and)g(through)h -(the)f(memory)e(indicators)i(MI,)g(the)g(program)f(can)h(displa)o(y)f(data)h -(for)150 245 y(the)g(op)q(erator.)18 b(By)12 b(means)f(of)h(the)g(address)i -(switc)o(h)e(register)h(AS,)f(the)h(op)q(erator)f(can)g(examine)f(the)i(con)o -(ten)o(ts)g(of,)150 295 y(or)g(dep)q(osit)g(information)c(in)o(to,)j(an)o(y)g -(memory)f(lo)q(cation;)g(stop)i(or)g(in)o(terrupt)g(the)g(program)f(whenev)o -(er)i(a)e(partic-)150 345 y(ular)j(lo)q(cation)f(is)h(referenced;)j(and)d -(supply)g(a)g(starting)h(address)g(for)f(the)h(program.)k(In)15 -b(these)i(pro)q(cessors,)g(IR)150 394 y(con)o(tains)d(the)h(en)o(tire)h(left) -e(half)f(of)h(the)h(curren)o(t)h(instruction)f(w)o(ord;)f(i.e.,)f(eigh)o -(teen)i(bits)g(rather)g(than)f(thirteen.)150 444 y(The)h(memory)e(address)j -(register)g(MA)f(supplies)g(the)g(address)i(for)d(ev)o(ery)i(memory)c -(access.)23 b(In)15 b(the)g(arithmetic)150 494 y(logic)e(of)h(the)h(KA10,)f -(there)i(are)f(only)f(single{length)g(registers;)h(but)g(in)f(the)h(KI10,)f -(AR)g(and)g(AD)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(28{bit)150 544 y(left)i(extensions)h(for)f -(double{precision)h(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t.)23 b(The)17 b(KA10)f(has)g(no)g -(trapping)g(mec)o(hanism:)k(arith-)150 594 y(metic)14 b(and)h(stac)o(k)g(o)o -(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(signal)f(the)h(program)f(b)o(y)g(w)o(a)o(y)h(of)f(in)o -(terrupts.)22 b(Individual)14 b(pro)q(cessor)j(di\013erences)150 -643 y(relev)n(an)o(t)d(to)g(user)h(programmi)o(ng)c(are)j(listed)g(in)g(App)q -(endix)g(C.)150 795 y Fx(1.9.1)55 b(Memory)150 908 y FB(The)17 -b(follo)o(wing)d(table)j(giv)o(es)f(the)h(c)o(haracteristics)i(of)d(the)h(v)n -(arious)f(memories)f(a)o(v)n(ailable)f(with)i(the)i(KI10)e(and)150 -958 y(KA10.)h(Mo)q(dify)10 b(completion)e(is)j(the)g(time)e(to)i(\014nish)g -(a)f(read{mo)q(dify{write)f(cycle)i(after)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(supplies)150 -1007 y(the)f(new)g(data.)k(Times)10 b(are)i(in)f(microseconds)g(and)g -(include)h(the)f(dela)o(y)g(in)o(tro)q(duced)h(b)o(y)f(ten)h(feet)g(\(three)h -(meters\))150 1057 y(of)e(cable.)17 b(F)m(ast{memory)9 b(times)h(are)i(for)f -(referencing)i(as)e(a)g(memory)e(lo)q(cation)i(\(18{bit)f(address\);)j(when)f -(a)f(fast{)150 1107 y(memory)i(lo)q(cation)i(is)h(addressed)h(as)f(an)g -(accum)o(ulator)e(or)i(index)g(register,)h(the)f(access)i(time)c(is)i -(considerably)150 1157 y(shorter.)750 1232 y Fw(R)n(e)n(ad)70 -b(Write)281 b(Mo)n(dify)736 1281 y(A)n(c)n(c)n(ess)49 b(A)n(c)n(c)n(ess)68 -b(Cycle)f(Completion)154 b(Size)311 1367 y FB(MA10)13 b(Core)h(Memory)92 -b(.61)112 b(.20)f(1.00)166 b(.57)174 b(16K)311 1417 y(MB10)13 -b(Core)i(Memory)93 b(.60)831 1402 y Fo(?)943 1417 y FB(.20)997 -1402 y Fo(?)1108 1417 y FB(1.65)1183 1402 y Fo(?)1349 1417 -y FB(.97)174 b(16K)311 1467 y(MD10)13 b(Core)h(Memory)91 b(.83)112 -b(.33)f(1.8)167 b(1.23)173 b(32{128K)311 1516 y(ME10)13 b(Core)i(Memory)94 -b(.61)112 b(.20)f(1.00)166 b(.65)174 b(16K)311 1566 y(MF10)13 -b(Core)h(Memory)96 b(.61)112 b(.20)f(1.00)166 b(.63)174 b(32K,)13 -b(64K)311 1616 y(MG10)g(Core)h(Memory)90 b(.67)112 b(.23)f(1.00)166 -b(.63)174 b(32{128K)311 1666 y(MH10)13 b(Core)h(Memory)92 b(.74)112 -b(.23)f(1.18)166 b(.68)174 b(64{256K)311 1716 y(KA10)13 b(F)m(ast)h(Memory) -106 b(.21)112 b(.21)580 b(16)311 1765 y(KI10)13 b(F)m(ast)h(Memory)122 -b(.28)112 b(.0)601 b(16)13 b([)p Fz(\002)p FB(4)h(sets])p 311 -1817 706 1 v 311 1838 a Fo(?)343 1853 y FB(Add)h(.1)e(in)g(a)h(m)o(ultipro)q -(cessor)f(system.)150 1972 y(KI10)19 b(access)h(to)f(accum)o(ulators)f(and)g -(index)h(registers)i(e\013ectiv)o(ely)e(tak)o(es)h(no)e(time|it)f(is)i(done)g -(in)f(parallel)150 2022 y(with)c(other)g(required)h(instruction)g(op)q -(erations.)k(Retriev)n(al)13 b(of)g(instructions)i(or)f(memory)e(op)q(erands) -j(from)d(fast)150 2072 y(memory)d(is)j(generally)g(not)g(w)o(orth)o(while)f -(b)q(ecause)j(of)d(the)h(extensiv)o(e)h(o)o(v)o(erlapping)e(that)h(sp)q(eeds) -i(up)e(core)h(access.)150 2122 y(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)18 b(except)h(in)e -(instructions)h(that)g(use)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(accum)o(ulators,)g(storage)g(of)g(a) -g(memory)e(op)q(erand)j(in)f(fast)150 2171 y(memory)11 b(not)j(only)f(tak)o -(es)i(no)e(time)g(but)h(actually)f(sligh)o(tly)f(decreases)17 -b(the)d(non{memory)d(time.)150 2257 y(In)i(a)h(system)f(with)g(the)h -(greatest)h(p)q(ossible)f(capacit)o(y)m(,)e(the)i(largest)g(KI10)f(address)i -(is)e(o)q(ctal)h(17777777,)d(decimal)150 2307 y(4,194,303;)i(the)j(largest)g -(KA10)g(address)h(is)e(o)q(ctal)g(777777,)f(decimal)g(262,143.)21 -b(All)15 b(storage)h(mo)q(dules)f(can)g(b)q(e)150 2357 y(in)o(terlea)o(v)o -(ed)d(in)g(pairs,)g(and)g(some)f(of)h(them)f(in)h(sets)h(of)e(four)h(\(see)i -(App)q(endix)e(G.3\).)17 b(The)12 b(KA10)g(cannot)h(o)o(v)o(erlap)150 -2406 y(memory)e(access.)150 2492 y Fy(KI10)16 b(Memory)g(Allo)q(cation.)g -FB(The)e(KI10)g(hardw)o(are)g(de\014nes)h(the)g(use)g(of)e(certain)h(memory)e -(lo)q(cations,)h(but)150 2542 y(most)j(are)i(relativ)o(e)g(to)f(pages)h -(whose)g(ph)o(ysical)f(lo)q(cation)g(is)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f(the)g -(Monitor.)28 b(The)18 b(auto)g(restart)150 2592 y(uses)i(lo)q(cation)e(70.)32 -b(The)19 b(only)f(other)h(ph)o(ysical)g(lo)q(cations)f(uniquely)g(de\014ned)i -(b)o(y)f(the)g(hardw)o(are)g(are)g(those)p eop -%%Page: 48 84 -48 83 bop 0 50 a FB(48)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)249 -484 y Fx(Figure)18 b(1.12:)24 b(DECsystem{10)17 b(Based)i(on)g(KI10)f(or)h -(KA10)0 2365 y Fn(HRMF-KI10SYS1)o(0.TEX)p 0 1992 9 75 v 0 1880 -V 0 1768 V 0 1656 V 0 1544 V 0 1432 V 0 1320 V 0 1208 V 0 1096 -V 1748 1992 V 1748 1880 V 1748 1768 V 1748 1656 V 1748 1544 -V 1748 1432 V 1748 1320 V 1748 1208 V 1748 1096 V 0 1992 75 -9 v 112 1992 V 224 1992 V 336 1992 V 448 1992 V 560 1992 V -672 1992 V 785 1992 V 897 1992 V 1009 1992 V 1121 1992 V 1233 -1992 V 1345 1992 V 1457 1992 V 1569 1992 V 1681 1992 V 0 1029 -V 112 1029 V 224 1029 V 336 1029 V 448 1029 V 560 1029 V 672 -1029 V 785 1029 V 897 1029 V 1009 1029 V 1121 1029 V 1233 1029 -V 1345 1029 V 1457 1029 V 1569 1029 V 1681 1029 V 1420 1071 -a Fe(Central)1420 1121 y(Pro)q(cesso)o(r)p 222 2283 4 100 v -224 2285 262 4 v 484 2283 4 100 v 224 2185 262 4 v 288 2227 -a Fu(Console)279 2268 y(T)m(erminal)p 228 2289 V 488 2287 4 -100 v 355 2183 4 121 v 357 2104 a Fl(6)357 2183 y(?)p 559 2283 -4 100 v 560 2285 262 4 v 820 2283 4 100 v 560 2185 262 4 v -591 2223 a Fu(P)o(ap)q(er)14 b(T)m(ap)q(e)632 2272 y(Reader)p -565 2289 V 824 2287 4 100 v 692 2183 4 121 v 693 2104 a Fl(6)693 -2183 y(?)p 895 2283 4 100 v 897 2285 262 4 v 1156 2283 4 100 -v 897 2185 262 4 v 927 2223 a Fu(P)o(ap)q(er)h(T)m(ap)q(e)973 -2272 y(Punch)p 901 2289 V 1161 2287 4 100 v 1028 2183 4 121 -v 1029 2104 a Fl(6)1029 2183 y(?)p 1231 2283 4 100 v 1233 2285 -262 4 v 1493 2283 4 100 v 1233 2185 262 4 v 1326 2223 a Fu(Disk)1301 -2264 y(System)p 1237 2289 V 1497 2287 4 100 v 1364 2183 4 121 -v 1366 2104 a Fl(6)1366 2183 y(?)p 52 1789 4 92 v 54 1791 299 -4 v 351 1789 4 92 v 54 1699 299 4 v 178 1758 a Fu(AS)p 58 1795 -V 355 1793 4 92 v 276 1698 4 154 v 278 1586 a Fl(6)309 1778 -y Fi(18)-278 b(4)p 389 1789 4 92 v 390 1791 262 4 v 650 1789 -4 92 v 390 1699 262 4 v 494 1758 a Fu(PC)p 394 1795 V 654 1793 -4 92 v 447 1698 4 154 v 448 1586 a Fl(6)448 1698 y(?)607 1778 -y Fi(18)p 652 1745 96 4 v 706 1743 a Fl(-)p 206 1544 4 92 v -208 1546 299 4 v 505 1544 4 92 v 208 1454 299 4 v 325 1513 -a Fu(MA)p 212 1550 V 509 1548 4 92 v 447 1453 4 200 v 462 1533 -a Fi(18)h(4)p 506 1500 241 4 v 506 1498 a Fl(\033)p 448 1255 -75 4 v 482 1253 a(-)p 785 1255 63 4 v 261 w(\033)p 845 1432 -4 179 v 847 1432 a(?)p 746 1785 4 353 v 747 1786 299 4 v 1044 -1785 4 353 v 747 1434 299 4 v 805 1571 a Fu(Arithmetic)850 -1612 y(Logic)767 1664 y(\(AD,)14 b(AR,)e(etc.\))p 751 1791 -V 1049 1789 4 353 v 1156 1938 4 100 v 1158 1940 507 4 v 1663 -1938 4 100 v 1158 1840 507 4 v 1348 1874 a(Prio)o(rit)o(y)1335 -1924 y(Interrupt)p 1162 1944 V 1667 1942 4 100 v 1156 1776 -4 92 v 1158 1778 507 4 v 1663 1776 4 92 v 1158 1687 507 4 v -1385 1745 a(DS)p 1162 1782 V 1667 1781 4 92 v 1046 1732 113 -4 v 1046 1730 a Fl(\033)1620 1765 y Fi(36)p 1156 1656 4 92 -v 1158 1658 507 4 v 1663 1656 4 92 v 1158 1566 507 4 v 1387 -1625 a Fu(MI)p 1162 1662 V 1667 1660 4 92 v 1046 1612 113 4 -v 1117 1610 a Fl(-)1620 1645 y Fi(36)p 1156 1527 4 92 v 1158 -1529 262 4 v 1418 1527 4 92 v 1158 1438 262 4 v 1270 1496 a -Fu(IR)p 1162 1533 V 1422 1532 4 92 v 1046 1483 113 4 v 1046 -1481 a Fl(\033)1375 1516 y Fi(18)p 521 1357 4 208 v 523 1359 -262 4 v 783 1357 4 208 v 523 1151 262 4 v 617 1243 a Fu(F)o(ast)583 -1284 y(Memo)o(ry)p 527 1363 V 787 1361 4 208 v 127 834 4 225 -v 129 836 374 4 v 501 834 4 225 v 129 612 374 4 v 276 691 a(Co)o(re)250 -732 y(Sto)o(rage)251 782 y(Mo)q(dule)p 133 840 V 505 838 4 -225 v 314 963 4 129 v 315 963 a Fl(?)315 876 y(6)p 633 834 -4 225 v 635 836 374 4 v 1007 834 4 225 v 635 612 374 4 v 783 -691 a Fu(Co)o(re)756 732 y(Sto)o(rage)757 782 y(Mo)q(dule)p -639 840 V 1011 838 4 225 v 820 963 4 129 v 822 963 a Fl(?)822 -876 y(6)p 1136 834 4 225 v 1137 836 374 4 v 1509 834 4 225 -v 1137 612 374 4 v 1285 691 a Fu(Co)o(re)1259 732 y(Sto)o(rage)1259 -782 y(Mo)q(dule)p 1142 840 V 1513 838 4 225 v 1323 963 4 129 -v 1324 963 a Fl(?)1324 876 y(6)p 91 1110 1200 4 v 581 1089 -a Fu(Memo)o(ry)i(Bus)p 1289 1436 4 328 v 1291 1436 a Fl(?)p -90 1108 4 146 v 91 964 1370 4 v 1482 964 42 4 v 1544 964 V -1606 964 V 945 1432 4 324 v 946 1432 a(?)946 1150 y(6)p 276 -1453 4 345 v -710 w(6)p 91 1890 1067 4 v 1117 1888 a(-)p 971 -1890 187 4 v -188 w(\033)p 895 1889 4 104 v 897 1826 a(6)897 -1889 y(?)394 1874 y Fu(In{Out)g(Bus)p 90 2063 4 175 v 91 2065 -1404 4 v 1515 2065 42 4 v 1577 2065 V 1640 2065 V 248 1544 -2 5 v 248 1532 2 17 v 248 1507 V 248 1482 V 248 1457 2 5 v -95 1789 V 95 1776 2 17 v 95 1752 V 95 1727 V 95 1702 2 5 v -eop -%%Page: 49 85 -49 84 bop 150 50 a Fq(1.9.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(CHARA)o(CTERISTICS)924 -b FB(49)150 195 y(in)17 b(fast)h(memory)m(,)d(whose)j(addresses)i(are)e(the)g -(same)f(for)g(all)g(programs:)24 b(lo)q(cation)17 b(0)g(holds)h(a)f(p)q(oin)o -(ter)h(w)o(ord)150 245 y(during)c(a)h(b)q(o)q(otstrap)g(read{in,)g(0{17)e -(can)i(b)q(e)h(addressed)g(as)f(accum)o(ulators,)f(and)g(1{17)g(can)h(b)q(e)g -(addressed)i(as)150 295 y(index)g(registers.)29 b(The)17 b(only)g(addresses)i -(uniquely)d(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(in)e(the)g(user)h(virtual)e(space)j(are)e(for)g -(user)h(lo)q(cal)150 345 y(UUOs|lo)q(cations)13 b(40)g(and)g(41.)18 -b(All)12 b(other)i(addresses)h(de\014ned)g(b)o(y)e(the)h(hardw)o(are,)f(for)g -(use)h(in)f(page)h(mapping,)150 394 y(resp)q(onding)20 b(to)g(priorit)o(y)f -(in)o(terrupts,)j(or)e(other)g(hardw)o(are{orien)o(ted)g(situations,)h(are)f -(to)g(lo)q(cations)f(in)g(the)150 444 y(pro)q(cess)d(tables.)150 -530 y Fy(KA10)h(Memory)g(Allo)q(cation.)j FB(The)15 b(use)h(of)e(certain)i -(memory)c(lo)q(cations)j(is)g(de\014ned)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(KA10)g(hard-)150 -580 y(w)o(are.)150 647 y(0)174 b(Holds)14 b(a)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(w)o(ord)g -(during)g(a)f(b)q(o)q(otstrap)i(read{in.)150 733 y(0{17)111 -b(Can)14 b(b)q(e)g(addressed)i(as)e(accum)o(ulators.)150 818 -y(1{17)111 b(Can)14 b(b)q(e)g(addressed)i(as)e(index)g(registers.)150 -904 y(40{41)90 b(T)m(rap)14 b(for)f(unimplemen)o(ted)f(user)j(op)q(erations)f -(\(UUOs\).)150 989 y(42{57)90 b(Priorit)o(y)13 b(in)o(terrupt)i(lo)q -(cations.)150 1075 y(60{61)90 b(T)m(rap)14 b(for)h(remaining)e(unimplemen)o -(ted)f(op)q(erations:)21 b(these)16 b(include)f(the)g(unassigned)h -(instruction)345 1125 y(co)q(des)f(that)e(are)h(reserv)o(ed)i(for)d(future)h -(use,)g(and)f(also)g(the)h(b)o(yte)g(manipulation)d(and)i(\015oating)f(p)q -(oin)o(t)345 1175 y(instructions)j(when)f(the)h(hardw)o(are)f(for)f(them)g -(is)h(not)g(installed.)150 1260 y(140{161)48 b(Allo)q(cated)17 -b(to)f(second)i(pro)q(cessor)h(if)c(connected)k(\(same)d(use)h(as)g(40{61)f -(for)g(\014rst)h(pro)q(cessor\).)29 b(All)345 1310 y(information)18 -b(giv)o(en)i(in)h(this)f(man)o(ual)f(ab)q(out)i(memory)d(lo)q(cations)i -(40{61)g(for)g(a)h(KA10)f(applies)345 1360 y(instead)g(to)f(lo)q(cations)f -(140{161)g(for)h(programmi)o(ng)d(a)j(second)i(KA10)e(connected)i(to)e(the)h -(same)345 1410 y(memory)m(.)150 1513 y(In)15 b(a)f(user)i(program,)c(the)j -(trap)g(for)g(a)f(lo)q(cal)g(UUO)h(is)f(relo)q(cated)i(to)e(lo)q(cations)g -(40)g(and)h(41)f(of)g(the)h(user)h(area;)e(a)150 1563 y(Monitor)h(UUO)h(uses) -h(unrelo)q(cated)f(lo)q(cations.)22 b(All)15 b(other)h(addresses)h(listed)f -(are)g(for)f(ph)o(ysical)g(\(unrelo)q(cated\))150 1613 y(lo)q(cations.)p -eop -%%Page: 50 86 -50 85 bop 0 50 a FB(50)1131 b Fq(CHAPTER)14 b(1.)32 b(INTR)o(ODUCTION)p -eop -%%Trailer -end -userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if -%%EOF -%!PS-Adobe-2.0 -%%Creator: dvips 5.497 Copyright 1986, 1992 Radical Eye Software -%%Title: architecture.dvi -%%CreationDate: Wed Jan 13 12:13:59 1999 -%%Pages: 146 -%%PageOrder: Ascend -%%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 -%%EndComments -%DVIPSCommandLine: DVIPS -oarch-part2.psf -p51 -l196 architecture -%DVIPSSource: TeX output 1999.01.13:1153 -%%BeginProcSet: tex.pro -/TeXDict 250 dict def -TeXDict begin -/N{def}def -/B{bind def}N -/S{exch}N -/X{S N}B -/TR{translate}N -/isls false N -/vsize 11 72 mul N -/@rigin{isls{[0 -1 1 0 0 0] concat} - if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale - isls{Resolution hsize -72 div mul 0 TR} - if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul TR matrix - currentmatrix dup dup 4 get round 4 exch put - dup dup 5 get round 5 exch put - setmatrix}N -/@landscape{/isls true N}B -/@manualfeed{statusdict /manualfeed true put}B -/@copies{/#copies X}B -/FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N -/FBB[0 0 0 0]N -/nn 0 N -/IE 0 N -/ctr 0 N -/df-tail{/nn 8 dict N nn begin - /FontType 3 N - /FontMatrix fntrx N - /FontBBox FBB N - string /base X array /BitMaps X - /BuildChar{CharBuilder}N - /Encoding IE N - end - dup{/foo setfont}2 array copy cvx N load 0 nn put - /ctr 0 N[}B - -/df{/sf 1 N /fntrx FMat N df-tail}B -/dfs{div /sf X /fntrx[sf 0 0 sf neg 0 0]N df-tail}B - -/E{pop nn dup definefont setfont}B - -/ch-width{ch-data dup length 5 sub get}B -/ch-height{ch-data dup length 4 sub get}B -/ch-xoff{128 ch-data dup length 3 sub get sub}B -/ch-yoff{ch-data dup length 2 sub get 127 sub}B -/ch-dx{ch-data dup length 1 sub get}B -/ch-image{ch-data dup type /stringtype ne{ctr get /ctr ctr 1 add N}if}B -/id 0 N -/rw 0 N -/rc 0 N -/gp 0 N -/cp 0 N -/G 0 N -/sf 0 N - -/CharBuilder{save 3 1 roll S dup - /base get 2 index get S - /BitMaps get S get - /ch-data X pop - /ctr 0 N - ch-dx 0 ch-xoff ch-yoff ch-height sub ch-xoff ch-width - add ch-yoff setcachedevice ch-width ch-height true - [1 0 0 -1 -.1 ch-xoff sub ch-yoff .1 add]{ch-image} - imagemask restore}B - -/D{/cc X dup type /stringtype ne{]}if nn - /base get cc ctr put nn - /BitMaps get S ctr S sf 1 ne - {dup dup length 1 sub dup 2 index S get sf div put}if - put /ctr ctr 1 add N}B - -/I{cc 1 add D}B -/bop{userdict /bop-hook known{bop-hook}if /SI save N - @rigin 0 0 moveto - /V matrix currentmatrix dup 1 get dup mul exch 0 get dup mul add .99 - lt{/QV}{/RV}ifelse load def pop pop}N - -/eop{SI restore showpage userdict /eop-hook known{eop-hook}if}N - -/@start{userdict /start-hook known{start-hook} - if pop /VResolution X /Resolution X 1000 div - /DVImag X /IE 256 array N 0 1 255 - {IE S 1 string dup 0 3 index put cvn put} - for 65781.76 div /vsize X 65781.76 div /hsize X}N -/p{show}N -/RMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N -/BDot 260 string N -/rulex 0 N -/ruley 0 N -/v{/ruley X /rulex X V}B -/V{}B -/RV statusdict begin /product where{ - pop product dup length 7 ge - {0 7 getinterval dup(Display)eq exch 0 4 getinterval(NeXT)eq or} - {pop false}ifelse}{false}ifelse end - {{gsave TR -.1 -.1 TR 1 1 scale rulex ruley false - RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}} - {{gsave TR -.1 -.1 TR rulex ruley scale - 1 1 false RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}} ifelse B -/QV{gsave transform round exch round exch itransform moveto - rulex 0 rlineto 0 ruley neg rlineto rulex neg 0 rlineto fill grestore}B -/a{moveto}B -/delta 0 N -/tail{dup /delta X 0 rmoveto}B -/M{S p delta add tail}B -/b{S p tail}B -/c{-4 M}B -/d{-3 M}B -/e{-2 M}B -/f{-1 M}B -/g{0 M}B -/h{1 M}B -/i{2 M}B -/j{3 M}B -/k{4 M}B -/w{0 rmoveto}B -/l{p -4 w}B -/m{p -3 w}B -/n{p -2 w}B -/o{p -1 w}B -/q{p 1 w}B -/r{p 2 w}B -/s{p 3 w}B -/t{p 4 w}B -/x{0 S rmoveto}B -/y{3 2 roll p a}B -/bos{/SS save N}B -/eos{SS restore}B end -%%EndProcSet -%%BeginProcSet: special.pro -TeXDict begin /SDict 200 dict N SDict begin /@SpecialDefaults{/hs 612 N /vs -792 N /ho 0 N /vo 0 N /hsc 1 N /vsc 1 N /ang 0 N /CLIP 0 N /rwiSeen false N -/rhiSeen false N /letter{}N /note{}N /a4{}N /legal{}N}B /@scaleunit 100 N -/@hscale{@scaleunit div /hsc X}B /@vscale{@scaleunit div /vsc X}B /@hsize{/hs -X /CLIP 1 N}B /@vsize{/vs X /CLIP 1 N}B /@clip{/CLIP 2 N}B /@hoffset{/ho X}B -/@voffset{/vo X}B /@angle{/ang X}B /@rwi{10 div /rwi X /rwiSeen true N}B /@rhi -{10 div /rhi X /rhiSeen true N}B /@llx{/llx X}B /@lly{/lly X}B /@urx{/urx X}B -/@ury{/ury X}B /magscale true def end /@MacSetUp{userdict /md known{userdict -/md get type /dicttype eq{userdict begin md length 10 add md maxlength ge{/md -md dup length 20 add dict copy def}if end md begin /letter{}N /note{}N /legal{ -}N /od{txpose 1 0 mtx defaultmatrix dtransform S atan/pa X newpath clippath -mark{transform{itransform moveto}}{transform{itransform lineto}}{6 -2 roll -transform 6 -2 roll transform 6 -2 roll transform{itransform 6 2 roll -itransform 6 2 roll itransform 6 2 roll curveto}}{{closepath}}pathforall -newpath counttomark array astore /gc xdf pop ct 39 0 put 10 fz 0 fs 2 -F/|______Courier fnt invertflag{PaintBlack}if}N /txpose{pxs pys scale ppr -aload pop por{noflips{pop S neg S TR pop 1 -1 scale}if xflip yflip and{pop S -neg S TR 180 rotate 1 -1 scale ppr 3 get ppr 1 get neg sub neg ppr 2 get ppr 0 -get neg sub neg TR}if xflip yflip not and{pop S neg S TR pop 180 rotate ppr 3 -get ppr 1 get neg sub neg 0 TR}if yflip xflip not and{ppr 1 get neg ppr 0 get -neg TR}if}{noflips{TR pop pop 270 rotate 1 -1 scale}if xflip yflip and{TR pop -pop 90 rotate 1 -1 scale ppr 3 get ppr 1 get neg sub neg ppr 2 get ppr 0 get -neg sub neg TR}if xflip yflip not and{TR pop pop 90 rotate ppr 3 get ppr 1 get -neg sub neg 0 TR}if yflip xflip not and{TR pop pop 270 rotate ppr 2 get ppr 0 -get neg sub neg 0 S TR}if}ifelse scaleby96{ppr aload pop 4 -1 roll add 2 div 3 -1 roll add 2 div 2 copy TR .96 dup scale neg S neg S TR}if}N /cp{pop pop -showpage pm restore}N end}if}if}N /normalscale{Resolution 72 div VResolution -72 div neg scale magscale{DVImag dup scale}if 0 setgray}N /psfts{S 65781.76 -div N}N /startTexFig{/psf$SavedState save N userdict maxlength dict begin -/magscale false def normalscale currentpoint TR /psf$ury psfts /psf$urx psfts -/psf$lly psfts /psf$llx psfts /psf$y psfts /psf$x psfts currentpoint /psf$cy X -/psf$cx X /psf$sx psf$x psf$urx psf$llx sub div N /psf$sy psf$y psf$ury -psf$lly sub div N psf$sx psf$sy scale psf$cx psf$sx div psf$llx sub psf$cy -psf$sy div psf$ury sub TR /showpage{}N /erasepage{}N /copypage{}N /p 3 def -@MacSetUp}N /doclip{psf$llx psf$lly psf$urx psf$ury currentpoint 6 2 roll -newpath 4 copy 4 2 roll moveto 6 -1 roll S lineto S lineto S lineto closepath -clip newpath moveto}N /endTexFig{end psf$SavedState restore}N /@beginspecial{ -SDict begin /SpecialSave save N gsave normalscale currentpoint TR -@SpecialDefaults count /ocount X /dcount countdictstack N}N /@setspecial{CLIP -1 eq{newpath 0 0 moveto hs 0 rlineto 0 vs rlineto hs neg 0 rlineto closepath -clip}if ho vo TR hsc vsc scale ang rotate rwiSeen{rwi urx llx sub div rhiSeen{ -rhi ury lly sub div}{dup}ifelse scale llx neg lly neg TR}{rhiSeen{rhi ury lly -sub div dup scale llx neg lly neg TR}if}ifelse CLIP 2 eq{newpath llx lly -moveto urx lly lineto urx ury lineto llx ury lineto closepath clip}if -/showpage{}N /erasepage{}N /copypage{}N newpath}N /@endspecial{count ocount -sub{pop}repeat countdictstack dcount sub{end}repeat grestore SpecialSave -restore end}N /@defspecial{SDict begin}N /@fedspecial{end}B /li{lineto}B /rl{ -rlineto}B /rc{rcurveto}B /np{/SaveX currentpoint /SaveY X N 1 setlinecap -newpath}N /st{stroke SaveX SaveY moveto}N /fil{fill SaveX SaveY moveto}N -/ellipse{/endangle X /startangle X /yrad X /xrad X /savematrix matrix -currentmatrix N TR xrad yrad scale 0 0 1 startangle endangle arc savematrix -setmatrix}N end -%%EndProcSet -TeXDict begin 40258431 52099146 1000 300 300 -(/dxx/documentation/toad/architecture/architecture.dvi) @start -/Fa 5 83 df68 D76 D<07F0001C1C00300600600300400100C00180C00180C00180C0 -01806003006003003006001C1C0007F000110E7E8D15>79 DI82 -D E /Fb 2 67 df<000C000C001C0018001800380030003000700060006000E000C000C001C001 -800180038003000700060006000E000C000C001C0018001800380030003000700060006000E000 -C000C0000E257E9B13>61 D<01FFFE000038070000380380003803C0007003C0007003C0007003 -C0007003C000E0078000E0070000E01E0000E03C0001FFF80001C01C0001C00E0001C00F000380 -0F0003800F0003800F0003800F0007001E0007001E0007003C00070078000E01E000FFFF80001A -1A7E991D>66 D E /Fc 2 100 df98 D<00C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C0 -00C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000 -C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C0FFC0FFC00A26809B11>I E /Fd 7 -84 df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e 12 84 df<70F8FCFC7C1C1838F0C0060A7984 -14>44 DI<0300070007000F003F00F70047000700070007000700 -0700070007000700070007000700070007000700FFF0FFF00C177C9614>49 -D<01C00003E00003E0000360000360000770000770000770000770000630000E38000E38000E38 -000E38000E38001FFC001FFC001C1C001C1C003C1E00380E00FE3F80FE3F8011177F9614>65 -D68 -DI<03 -C6000FFE001C3E003C1E00381E00700E00700E00F00E00E00000E00000E00000E00000E07F80E0 -7F80E00E00F00E00700E00701E00381E003C1E001C3E000FFE0003CE0011177F9614>71 -DII75 D80 D<0FCC3FFC787CF03CE03CE01C -E01CF000F0007E003FE00FF801FC003C001E000EE00EE00EE00EF01CF83CFFF8C7E00F177E9614 ->83 D E /Ff 2 76 df<01000100010001000100E10E3FF807C0038006C004400820183010100F -0E7F8C10>63 D<0FF03F018018018020030040030100030200030800061800064C00068C000606 -000C06000C03000C03000C01801801C0FF03F018117E901A>75 D E /Fg -2 70 df<0020004000C003C00CC00180018001800180030003000300030006000600060006000C -00FFC00B137C9212>49 D<07FFF800C03801801801801801801801801003021003020003020003 -FE000604000604000604100600200C00200C00200C00400C00C01801C0FFFF8015147E9317>69 -D E /Fh 32 119 df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i 8 121 df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j 8 121 df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k 61 124 df<007FC1FF03FFCFFF07FFDFFF0FFFFFFF0FE0FF831FC07F001FC07F001FC0 -7F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F007FFC7FF0FFFE7FF8FFFE7FF87FFC7FF01FC07F001F -C07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F00 -1FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F000F803E0020237FA220>11 -D<00007E00FEFF03FEFF07FEFF0FFEFF0FC6FF1FC27E1FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0 -007FFC3EFFFE7FFFFE7F7FFC7F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC0 -7F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F0F803E18247FA31D>I<00 -3C007800F001F003E007E007C00FC00F801F801F803F003F003F007F007F007E007E00FE00FE00 -FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE007E007E007F007F003F003F003F001F801F -800F800FC007C007E003E001F000F00078003C0E317DA415>40 DI44 -D<7FF0FFF8FFF87FF00D047F8D12>I<0000E00001F00001F00003F00003E00003E00007E00007 -C00007C0000FC0000F80000F80001F80001F00001F00003F00003E00003E00007E00007C00007C -0000FC0000F80000F80001F80001F00001F00003F00003E00003E00007E00007C00007C0000FC0 -000F80000F80001F80001F00001F00003F00003E00003E00007E00007C00007C0000FC0000F800 -00F8000070000014317DA41B>47 D<00FC0007FF800FFFC01FFFE03F87F03F03F07F03F87E01F8 -7E01F87E01F8FE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FC -FE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FC7E01F87E01F87F03F87F03F83F03F03F87F01FFFE0 -0FFFC007FF8000FC0016257EA31B>I<00700000F80003F8007FF800FFF800FFF800FFF80043F8 -0003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F8 -0003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F8003FFF807FFF -C07FFFC03FFF8012247CA31B>I<000FF000001FF800003FFC00003FFC00003FFC00007FFE0000 -7EFE00007E7E0000FE7F0000FE7F0000FC7F0001FC3F8001FC3F8001FC3F8003F81FC003F81FC0 -03F81FC007F01FE007F00FE007F00FE00FE00FF00FE007F00FE007F01FFFFFF81FFFFFF81FFFFF -F83FFFFFFC3F8001FC3F8001FC7F0001FE7F0000FE7F0000FEFE0000FFFE00007F7C00003E2023 -7EA225>65 D<7FFFF000FFFFFC00FFFFFF00FFFFFF80FE007FC0FE001FC0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE -0007E0FE0007E0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE001FC0FE003FC0FE00FF80FFFFFF00FFFFFC00FFFFFF00 -FFFFFFC0FE003FE0FE000FF0FE0007F0FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003 -F8FE0007F0FE000FF0FE003FF0FFFFFFE0FFFFFFC0FFFFFF007FFFF8001D237CA225>I<0007FE -00007FFFC001FFFFF003FFFFF007FFFFF00FFC07E01FF000E03FC000603F8000207F8000007F00 -00007F0000007F000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE -000000FE000000FE000000FE0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F8000003F8000103FC00030 -1FF000700FFC03F007FFFFF003FFFFF001FFFFE0007FFF800007FE001C257DA323>I<7FFFF000 -FFFFFF00FFFFFF80FFFFFFE0FE003FF0FE000FF8FE0003F8FE0001FCFE0001FCFE0000FEFE0000 -FEFE00007EFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00 -007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007EFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0001FCFE0003FCFE0007F8FE -003FF0FFFFFFE0FFFFFFC0FFFFFF007FFFF00020237CA228>I<7FFFFE00FFFFFF00FFFFFF00FF -FFFF00FFFFFE00FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000 -FE000000FFFFF800FFFFFC00FFFFFC00FFFFFC00FFFFF800FE000000FE000000FE000000FE0000 -00FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE7FFF00FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFF -FF80FFFFFF807FFFFF0019237CA220>I<7FFFFCFFFFFEFFFFFEFFFFFEFFFFFCFE0000FE0000FE -0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FFFFE0FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFE0FE -0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE -00007C000017237CA21E>I<0007FF00007FFFE001FFFFF803FFFFF807FFFFF80FFC03F01FF000 -F03FC000303F8000107F8000007F0000007F0000007F000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE00 -0000FE000000FE000000FE003FF8FE003FF8FE003FF8FE003FF8FE003FF87F0003F87F0003F87F -0003F87F8003F83F8003F83FC003F81FF003F80FFC03F807FFFFF803FFFFF801FFFFF8007FFFE0 -0007FE001D257DA325>I<7C00007CFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FE -FE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFEFFFFFF -FEFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE00 -00FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FE7C00007C1F237CA228 ->I<7CFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFE7C0723 -7CA210>I<0007C0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE000 -0FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE000 -0FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0400FE0601FE07C7FE0FFFFC0FFFF80FFFF803FFE0007F80013247EA2 -1A>I<780001F8FC0003F8FC0007F0FC000FE0FC001FC0FC003F80FC007F00FC00FE00FC01FC00 -FC07F800FC0FF000FC1FE000FC3FC000FC7F8000FCFF0000FDFF0000FFFF8000FFFFC000FFFFE0 -00FFE7E000FFC7F000FF83F800FF01FC00FE00FC00FC00FE00FC007F00FC003F80FC001F80FC00 -1FC0FC000FE0FC0007F0FC0003F0FC0003F8FC0001FC780000F81E237CA226>I<7C0000FE0000 -FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000 -FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000 -FE0000FE0000FFFFF8FFFFFCFFFFFCFFFFFC7FFFF816237CA21D>I<7F000001FEFF800003FFFF -800003FFFF800003FFFFC00007FFFFC00007FFFDE0000FBFFDE0000FBFFDF0001FBFFCF0001F3F -FCF0001F3FFCF8003F3FFC78003E3FFC7C007E3FFC7C007E3FFC3C007C3FFC3E00FC3FFC3E00FC -3FFC1F01F83FFC1F01F83FFC0F01F03FFC0F83F03FFC0F83F03FFC07C7E03FFC07C7E03FFC03EF -C03FFC03EFC03FFC03EFC03FFC01FF803FFC01FF803FFC00FF003FFC00FF003FFC00FF003FFC00 -7E003F780000001E28237CA231>I<7F80003CFFC0007EFFC0007EFFE0007EFFE0007EFFF0007E -FDF8007EFDF8007EFCFC007EFCFC007EFC7E007EFC7E007EFC3F007EFC3F007EFC1F807EFC1F80 -7EFC0FC07EFC07C07EFC07E07EFC03F07EFC03F07EFC01F87EFC01F87EFC00FC7EFC00FC7EFC00 -7E7EFC007E7EFC003F7EFC003F7EFC001FFEFC000FFEFC000FFEFC0007FEFC0007FE780003FC1F -237CA228>I<000FF80000007FFF000001FFFFC00007FFFFF0000FF80FF8001FE003FC001FC001 -FC003F8000FE003F8000FE007F00007F007F00007F007F00007F007E00003F00FE00003F80FE00 -003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE -00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F807F00007F007F00007F007F00007F003F8000FE003F8000FE00 -1FC001FC001FE003FC000FF80FF80007FFFFF00001FFFFC00000FFFF8000000FF8000021257DA3 -28>I<7FFFE000FFFFFC00FFFFFF00FFFFFF80FE007F80FE001FC0FE000FC0FE000FE0FE000FE0 -FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FC0FE001FC0FE007F80FFFFFF80FFFFFF -00FFFFFC00FFFFE000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE00 -0000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE0000007C0000001B237CA223>I<000FF8000000 -7FFF000001FFFFC00007FFFFF0000FF80FF8001FE003FC001FC001FC003F8000FE003F8000FE00 -7F00007F007F00007F007F00007F007E00003F00FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F -80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE0000 -3F807F00007F007F03F07F007F03F87F003F81FCFE003F81FEFE001FC0FFFC001FE0FFFC000FF8 -7FF80007FFFFF00001FFFFC00000FFFFE000000FFFF00000000FF000000007F800000003FC0000 -0003FC0021297DA328>I<7FFFE000FFFFFC00FFFFFF00FFFFFF80FE007FC0FE001FC0FE000FE0 -FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE001FC0FE007FC0FFFFFF80FFFFFF -00FFFFFC00FFFFE000FE07F000FE07F000FE03F800FE01F800FE01FC00FE00FC00FE00FE00FE00 -7E00FE007F00FE003F80FE003F80FE001FC0FE001FC0FE000FE0FE000FE07C0007E01B237CA223 ->I<00FF8003FFF00FFFFC1FFFFC3FFFFC3F80F83F00387E00187E00087E00007E00007E00007F -00003FC0003FF8001FFF801FFFE00FFFF007FFF801FFFC007FFE0003FE0000FE00007F00003F00 -003F40003F60003F70003F78003FFC007EFF80FEFFFFFC7FFFFC1FFFF807FFE000FF8018257EA3 -1E>I<7FFFFFFEFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF7FFFFFFE0007F0000007F0000007F0000007F000 -0007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0 -000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007 -F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000003E00020237EA225>I<7C0001F0FE00 -03F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE -0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8 -FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FF0007F87F0007F07F0007F03F800F -E01FE03FC00FFFFF8007FFFF0003FFFE00007FF0001D247CA226>I<7E00000F80FF00001FC07F -00003F807F00003F807F80003F803F80007F003F80007F003FC000FF001FC000FE001FC000FE00 -1FE001FE000FE001FC000FE001FC0007F003F80007F003F80007F003F80003F807F00003F807F0 -0003FC07F00001FC0FE00001FC0FE00001FE0FE00000FE1FC00000FE1FC00000FE1FC000007F3F -8000007F3F8000003F3F0000003FBF0000003FFF0000001FFE0000001FFE0000001FFE0000000F -FC00000007F8000022237FA225>I<78000FF8000F00FC001FF8001F80FC001FFC001F807E001F -FC003F007E001FFC003F007E003F7C003F007E003F7E003F003F003F7E007E003F003E7E007E00 -3F007E3E007E003F007E3F007E001F807E3F00FC001F807C3F00FC001F80FC1F00FC001F80FC1F -80FC000FC0FC1F81F8000FC0F81F81F8000FC1F80F81F8000FC1F80FC1F80007E1F80FC1F00007 -E1F00FC3F00007E1F007C3F00007E3F007E3F00003E3F007E3E00003F3E007E7E00003F3E003E7 -E00003F3E003E7E00001F7E003F7C00001F7C003F7C00001FFC001FFC00001FFC001FFC00000FF -C001FF800000FF8001FF800000FF8000FF8000007F00007F000031237FA234>I<7F0001FC7F80 -03FC7FC007F83FC00FF01FE00FF00FF01FE00FF83FC007F83FC003FC7F8001FEFF0001FFFE0000 -FFFE00007FFC00003FF800003FF800001FF000000FE000001FF000003FF800003FFC00007FFC00 -00FFFE0000FEFF0001FC7F8003FC3F8007F83FC007F01FE00FF00FF01FE00FF01FE007F83FC003 -FC7F8003FE7F8001FEFF0000FFFE00007F20237EA225>I<3FFFFF807FFFFFC07FFFFFC07FFFFF -C03FFFFFC000007F8000007F000000FF000001FE000001FC000003FC000007F8000007F000000F -E000001FE000001FC000003F8000007F8000007F000000FE000001FE000001FC000003F8000007 -F800000FF000000FE000001FE000003FC000003F8000007F800000FFFFFF80FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC0 -FFFFFFC07FFFFF801A237DA221>90 D<03FE001FFF803FFFC03FFFE03C0FF03007F02007F00007 -F00007F000FFF007FFF01FE7F07F07F07F07F0FE07F0FE07F0FE07F0FE0FF0FF1FF07FF7F07FF7 -F03FC7F00F03E014177E961A>97 D<7C0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000 -FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE1F80FE7FE0FFFFF0FFFFF0FF07F8FE03F8FE01FCFE01FCFE01FC -FE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01F8FE03F8FF07F8FFFFF0FFFFE0FEFFC0 -7C3F0016237DA21C>I<01FE0007FFC01FFFE03FFFE03F81E07F00C07E0040FE0000FE0000FE00 -00FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00007F00207F00603F83E03FFFE01FFFE007FFC001FE -0013177E9618>I<0000F80001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC00 -01FC0001FC03F1FC0FFDFC1FFFFC3FFFFC7F83FC7F01FC7E01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE -01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FC7E01FC7F01FC7F87FC3FFFFC1FFDFC0FF9FC03E0F816237EA2 -1C>I<01FC0007FF000FFF801FFFC03F87E07F07E07E03F0FE03F0FE03F0FE03F0FFFFF0FFFFF0 -FFFFE0FE0000FE0000FE00007E00107F00703F81F01FFFF00FFFF007FFC001FF0014177E9619> -I<00FF8003FF8007FF800FFF800FE1801FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0007FF8 -00FFFC00FFFC007FF8001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0 -001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0000F800011237FA211>I<03FE0E0F -FFBF1FFFFF3FFFE33F8FE07F07F07F07F07F07F07F07F07F07F07F07F03F8FE03FFFE01FFFC01F -FF801BFE003800003C00003FFFC03FFFF81FFFFC1FFFFE3FFFFE7FFFFFFC007FF8001FF8001FF8 -001FFC003F7F00FE7FFFFE3FFFFC0FFFF003FFC018227F961B>I<7C0000FE0000FE0000FE0000 -FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE1FC0FE3FE0FE7FF0FEFFF8FF87F8 -FF03F8FF03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8 -FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F87C01F015237DA21C>I<7CFEFEFEFEFEFC0000000000007CFEFEFE -FEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFE7C07247EA30C>I<00F801FC01FC01FC01FC01FC00 -F800000000000000000000000000F801FC01FC01FC01FC01FC01FC01FC01FC01FC01FC01FC01FC -01FC01FC01FC01FC01FC01FC01FC01FC01FC01FC01FC01FC01FC01FC41FCFFF8FFF8FFF07FE00F -C00E2E83A30E>I<780000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC -0000FC0000FC07C0FC0FC0FC1F80FC3F00FC7E00FCFC00FDF800FFF000FFE000FFE000FFF000FF -F000FFF800FFFC00FDFC00FCFE00FC7F00FC7F00FC3F80FC3F80FC1FC0FC0FC0780FC012237CA2 -1A>I<7CFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFE7C07 -237EA20C>I<7C0FC01F80FE3FF07FE0FE7FF8FFF0FEFFFDFFF8FFC3FF87F8FF01FE03F8FF01FE -03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01 -FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F87C -00F801F025177D962C>I<7C1FC0FE3FE0FE7FF0FEFFF8FF87F8FF03F8FF03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE -03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F87C -01F015177D961C>I<01FE0007FF801FFFE03FFFF03F87F07F03F87E01F8FE01FCFE01FCFE01FC -FE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FC7E01F87F03F87F87F83FFFF01FFFE00FFFC001FE00 -16177E961B>I<7C1F80FE7FE0FFFFF0FFFFF0FF07F8FE03F8FE03FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01 -FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE03F8FE03F8FF0FF8FFFFF0FFFFE0FEFFC0FE3F00FE00 -00FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00007C000016217D961C>I<03F0F80F -F9FC1FFDFC3FFFFC7FC3FC7F01FC7F01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE -01FCFE01FC7F01FC7F01FC7F87FC3FFFFC1FFDFC0FF9FC03F1FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC00 -01FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0000F816217E961C>I<7C1CFE3CFE7CFEFCFFFCFFE0FF80FF -00FF00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE007C000E177D9613>I<0F -F0001FFE007FFF007FFF00F81F00F80600F80200FC0000FFC0007FF8007FFC003FFE001FFF0007 -FF80007F80400F80600F80700F80FC1F80FFFF00FFFE003FFC000FF00011177E9615>I<0F8000 -1FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0007FFE00FFFF00FFFF007FFE001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC000 -1FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC1001FE3000FFF800FFF80 -07FE0003F000111D7F9C14>I<7C01F0FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03 -F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE07F8FE07F8FE0FF87FFBF83FF3 -F80FC1F015177D961C>I<780078FC00FC7E01F87E01F87E01F87F01F83F03F03F03F03F03F01F -87E01F87E01F87E00FCFC00FCFC00FCFC00FEFC007FF8007FF8007FF8003FF0003FF0003FF0001 -FE0016177F9619>I<7803E00780FC07F00FC0FC07F80FC07E07F81F807E07F81F807E0FF81F80 -7E0FFC1F803F0F7C3F003F0F7C3F003F1E7C3F003F1E7E3F001F9E7E7E001F9E3E7E001F9E3E7E -001FBC3F7E000FBC3FFC000FFC3FFC000FFC1FFC000FF81FFC0007F81FF80007F81FF80007F80F -F80003F007F00022177F9625>I<7C01F87E03F87F03F03F87E01F8FE00FDFC007FF8007FF0003 -FF0001FE0000FC0000FC0001FE0003FE0003FF0007DF800FCFC01F87E03F87E03F03F07E01F8FE -01FC7C00F816177F9619>I -I<7FFFE0FFFFF0FFFFF07FFFF0000FE0001FC0003F80003F80007F0000FE0001FC0003FC0003F8 -0007F0000FE0001FC0001FC0003F80007F0000FFFFE0FFFFF0FFFFF07FFFE014177E9618>I<7F -FFFF80FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC07FFFFF801A04808F1B>I E /Fl 6 117 df66 -D80 D<07E01FF83C3C700C600CE000E000E000F000F8007F003FF01FF80FFC00FE -001E000F000700070007C007C00EE00E783C3FF807E0101A7E9915>83 D105 D<1F803FE07060E000E000E000 -F8007F803FC007E000F000708070C070F0E07FC01F800C117F900F>115 -D<1C001C001C001C00FFC0FFC01C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C20 -0FE00F800B157F940E>I E /Fm 22 124 df<00000FF01FE000003838601800006079C01C0000 -C07B803C0001C033003C0001C00700380003800700000003800700000003800E00000003800E00 -000007000E00000007000E00000007000E00000007001C000000FFFFFFFFE0000E001C00E0000E -001C00E0000E001C01C0000E003801C0000E003801C0001C003801C0001C00380380001C003803 -80001C00700380001C00700380001C00700700003800700700003800700700003800E007080038 -00E00E10003800E00E10007000E00E10007000E00E20007001C00620007001C003C0006001C000 -0000E00180000000E00380000000C00380000000C00300000071C703000000F18F06000000F10F -0C0000006206180000003C03E00000002E2D82A22B>14 D<000003000000030000000700000007 -0000000F0000000F0000001F0000002F0000002F0000004F0000004F8000008780000087800001 -078000020780000207800004078000040780000807800008078000100780003007800020078000 -7FFF80004007C0008007C0008003C0010003C0030003C0020003C0040003C0040003C00C0003C0 -3C0007C0FF003FFC1E237DA224>65 D<00007F00800003808100000E0063000038002700007000 -1F0000E0000E0001C0000E000380000E000700000E000F000004000E000004001E000004003C00 -0004003C00000800780000000078000000007800000000F000000000F000000000F000000000F0 -00000000F000000000E000000000E000002000E000002000E000004000E000004000F000008000 -70000080007000010000380002000018000400001C0008000006003000000381C0000000FE0000 -00212479A223>67 D<00FFFFF000000F003C00000F000E00000F000700001E000380001E000380 -001E0001C0001E0001C0003C0001C0003C0001E0003C0001E0003C0001E000780001E000780001 -E000780001E000780001E000F00003C000F00003C000F00003C000F00003C001E000078001E000 -078001E000070001E0000F0003C0000E0003C0001C0003C0003C0003C000380007800070000780 -00E000078001C00007800700000F801C0000FFFFF0000023227DA125>I<00FF800007FC000F80 -000F80000F80001780000F80001780001780002F000013C0002F000013C0004F000013C0008F00 -0023C0009E000023C0011E000023C0011E000023C0021E000043C0043C000043C0043C000043C0 -083C000041E0083C000081E01078000081E02078000081E02078000081E04078000101E040F000 -0101E080F0000101E100F0000101E100F0000200F201E0000200F201E0000200F401E0000200F8 -01E0000400F803C0000400F003C0000400F003C0000C00E003C0001E00C007C000FFC0C07FFC00 -2E227DA12C>77 D<0001F020000E0C40001802C0003001C0006001C000E0018000C0018001C001 -8001C0018003C0010003C0010003C0000003C0000003E0000001F8000001FF000000FFE000007F -F000001FF8000003FC0000007C0000003C0000001E0000001E0000001E0020001C0020001C0020 -001C00200018006000380060003000700060007000C000C8018000C607000081FC00001B247DA2 -1B>83 D<00F8C00185C00705C00E03800E03801C03803C0380380700780700780700780700F00E -00F00E00F00E00F00E10F01C20701C20703C20305C40308C400F078014157B9419>97 -D<007E0001C1000301800703800E07801C07803C0000380000780000780000780000F00000F000 -00F00000F00000F00100700100700200300C001830000FC00011157B9416>99 -D<00003C0003F80000380000380000380000700000700000700000700000E00000E00000E00000 -E00001C000F9C00185C00705C00E03800E03801C03803C0380380700780700780700780700F00E -00F00E00F00E00F00E10F01C20701C20703C20305C40308C400F078016237BA219>I<00F80384 -0E021C023C0238027804F018FFE0F000F000E000E000E000E000E002E0026004701830600F800F -157A9416>I<00003E0000470000CF00018F000186000380000380000380000700000700000700 -000700000700000E0000FFF0000E00000E00000E00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00003800 -00380000380000380000380000700000700000700000700000700000E00000E00000E00000E000 -00C00001C00001C000718000F18000F300006200003C0000182D82A20F>I<00C001E001C001C0 -000000000000000000000000000000001C002300430043008700870087000E000E001C001C001C -00380038003840708070807080710032001C000C217BA00F>105 D<01E01FC001C001C001C003 -8003800380038007000700070007000E000E000E000E001C001C001C001C003800380038003800 -7000700070007100E200E200E200E200640038000B237CA20C>108 D<1C0F002631C04740C087 -80E08780E08700E08700E00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C01C03801C03801C03801C070438070838 -0E08380E103806107006203003C017157B941B>110 D<007E0001C3000381800701C00E01C01C -01E03C01E03801E07801E07801E07801E0F003C0F003C0F00380F00780700700700E00700C0030 -180018700007C00013157B9419>I<01C1F002621804741C08780C08700E08700E08701E00E01E -00E01E00E01E00E01E01C03C01C03C01C03C01C07803807003807003C0E003C1C0072380071E00 -0700000700000E00000E00000E00000E00001C00001C00001C0000FFC000171F7F9419>I<1C1F -002620804741C08783C08703C08701808700000E00000E00000E00000E00001C00001C00001C00 -001C000038000038000038000038000070000030000013157B9415>114 -D<00FC000183000200800401800C03800C03000C00000F00000FF00007FC0003FE00003E00000F -00000700700700F00600F00600E004004008002030001FC00011157D9414>I<00C001C001C001 -C001C003800380038003800700FFF8070007000E000E000E000E001C001C001C001C0038003800 -38003810702070207040708031001E000D1F7C9E10>I<1E00602300E04380E04381C08381C087 -01C08701C00703800E03800E03800E03801C07001C07001C07001C07081C0E10180E101C0E101C -1E200C262007C3C016157B941A>I<03C1E0046210083470103CF02038F0203860203800007000 -00700000700000700000E00000E00000E00000E02061C040F1C040F1C080E2C100446200383C00 -14157D9416>120 D123 D E /Fn 3 70 df<000000000030000000000070 -0000000000E00000000001C0000000000380000000000700000000000E00000000001C00000000 -00380000000000700000000000E00000000001C0000000000380000000000700000000000E0000 -0000001C0000000000380000000000700000000000E00000000001C00000000003800000000007 -00000000000E00000000001C0000000000380000000000700000000000E00000000001C0000000 -000380000000000700000000000E00000000001C0000000000380000000000700000000000E000 -00000001C0000000000380000000000700000000000E00000000001C0000000000380000000000 -700000000000E00000000000C000000000002C2C81AA2A>0 D<01800180018003800300030003 -00030003000700060006000600060006000E000C000C000C000C000C001C001800180018001800 -1800380030003000300030003000700060006000600060006000E000C000C000C000C000092C81 -AA07>5 D69 D E /Fo 8 85 df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p 1 1 df0 D E /Fq 79 125 df<00FCF807839C0E079C -1C07081C07001C07001C07001C07001C0700FFFFE01C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C0700 -1C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C0700FF1FE01617809615>11 D<00FC000782000E07001C -07001C02001C00001C00001C00001C0000FFFF001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C -07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C0700FF1FE01317809614>I<00FF000707000E07001C0700 -1C07001C07001C07001C07001C0700FFFF001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C0700 -1C07001C07001C07001C07001C0700FFBFE01317809614>I<60C0F1E0F1E070E0102010202040 -2040408040800B0A7F9612>34 D<60F0F070101020204040040A7D960A>39 -D<0102040C1818303070606060E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E060606070303018180C04020108227D98 -0E>I<8040203018180C0C0E060606070707070707070707070606060E0C0C1818302040800822 -7E980E>I<003000003000003000003000003000003000003000003000003000003000003000FF -FFFCFFFFFC00300000300000300000300000300000300000300000300000300000300000300016 -187E931B>43 D<60F0F070101020204040040A7D830A>II<60F0F06004 -047D830A>I<0018001800380030003000700060006000E000C001C00180018003800300030007 -00060006000E000C000C001C001800380030003000700060006000E000C000C0000D217E9812> -I<07C018303018701C600C600CE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00E600C600C701C3018 -1C7007C00F157F9412>I<03000700FF0007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700 -0700070007000700070007007FF00C157E9412>I<0F8030E040708030C038E038403800380070 -0070006000C00180030006000C08080810183FF07FF0FFF00D157E9412>I<0FE030306018701C -701C001C00180038006007E000300018000C000E000EE00EE00EC00C401830300FE00F157F9412 ->I<00300030007000F001F001700270047008701870107020704070C070FFFE00700070007000 -70007003FE0F157F9412>I<20303FE03FC0240020002000200020002F8030E020700030003800 -384038E038E0388030406020C01F000D157E9412>I<01F00608080C181C301C70006000E000E3 -E0EC30F018F00CE00EE00EE00E600E600E300C3018183007C00F157F9412>I<40007FFE7FFC7F -F8C008801080200040008000800100010003000200060006000E000E000E000E000E0004000F16 -7E9512>I<07E018302018600C600C700C78183E101F600FC00FF018F8607C601EC00EC006C006 -C004600C38300FE00F157F9412>I<07C0183030186018E00CE00CE00EE00EE00E601E301E186E -0F8E000E000C001C70187018603020C01F800F157F9412>I<60F0F06000000000000060F0F060 -040E7D8D0A>I<60F0F06000000000000060F0F07010102020404004147D8D0A>I61 -D<001000003800003800003800005C00005C00005C00008E00008E00008E000107000107000307 -8002038002038007FFC00401C00401C00800E00800E01800E03800F0FE03FE17177F961A>65 -DI<00 -FC100383300E00B01C0070380030300030700010600010E00010E00000E00000E00000E00000E0 -0000E000106000107000103000203800201C00400E008003830000FC0014177E9619>IIII<007E08038198060058 -0C0038180018300018700008700008E00008E00000E00000E00000E00000E003FEE00038700038 -7000383000381800380C00380600380380D8007F0817177E961C>II -I<0FFC00E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E0E0E0 -E0E0C1C061801F000E177E9612>IIIII<00FC000303000E01C0 -1C00E0380070300030700038600018E0001CE0001CE0001CE0001CE0001CE0001CE0001C700038 -7000383000303800701C00E00E01C003030000FC0016177E961B>II82 D<0FC4302C601C400CC004C004C004 -E00070007F003FE00FF801FC001C000E0006800680068006C004E008D81087E00F177E9614>I< -7FFFF8603818403808403808803804803804803804003800003800003800003800003800003800 -00380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380000380007FFC016177F9619>II -87 D -II91 D<204020404080408081008100E1C0F1 -E0F1E060C00B0A7B9612>II<1FC0386038301038003803F81E3830387038E039E039E07970FF -1F1E100E7F8D12>97 DI<07F01838303870106000E000E000E000E000600070083008183007C00D0E7F -8D10>I<007E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0007CE001C3E00300E -00700E00600E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00600E00700E00301E00182E0007CFC012177F9614 ->I<0FC0186030307038E018FFF8E000E000E000600070083010183007C00D0E7F8D10>I<03E006 -700E701C201C001C001C001C001C00FF801C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00 -1C00FF800C1780960B>I<0F9E18E33060707070707070306018C02F80200060003FE03FF83FFC -600EC006C006C006600C38380FE010157F8D12>II<183C3C1800000000007C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C1C -1C1CFF081780960A>I<0300078007800300000000000000000000001F80038003800380038003 -8003800380038003800380038003800380038003804380E300E7007C00091D82960B>IIIII<07C018303018600C600CE00EE00EE00EE00EE00E701C3018183007C00F0E7F8D12>II<07C2001C2600381E00700E00 -600E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00E00600E00700E00301E001C2E0007CE00000E00000E00000E00 -000E00000E00007FC012147F8D13>II<1F4060C0C040C040E000FF007F801FC001E080608060C060E0C09F -000B0E7F8D0E>I<080008000800180018003800FF803800380038003800380038003800384038 -40384038401C800F000A147F930E>IIIIIIIII E /Fr 12 83 df<1F00318060C04040C060C060C060C060C0 -60C060C060C060404060C031801F000B107F8F0F>48 D<0C003C00CC000C000C000C000C000C00 -0C000C000C000C000C000C000C00FF8009107E8F0F>I<1F00618040C08060C0600060006000C0 -0180030006000C00102020207FC0FFC00B107F8F0F>I<1F00218060C060C000C0008001800F00 -008000400060C060C060804060801F000B107F8F0F>I<0300030007000F000B00130033002300 -4300C300FFE003000300030003001FE00B107F8F0F>I<20803F002C002000200020002F003080 -2040006000600060C06080C061801F000B107F8F0F>I<0780184030C060C06000C000CF00F080 -E040C060C060C060406060C030801F000B107F8F0F>I<40007FE07FC080808080010002000400 -04000C0008000800180018001800180018000B117E900F>I<1F00208040404040404070803F00 -0F00338061C0C060C060C060404060801F000B107F8F0F>I<1F00318060C0C040C060C060C060 -40E021E01E600060004060C0608043003E000B107F8F0F>I76 D82 D E /Fs 14 83 df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t 4 28 df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u 7 73 df<00C001E001E001E003E003C003C003C003C003C007C0 -078007800780078007800F800F000F000F000F000F001F001E001E001E001E001E003E003C003C -003C003C003C007C0078007800780078007800F800F000F000F000F00060000B2E82AB07>5 -D<00000000001800000000007C0000000001FC0000000007F8000000001FF0000000007FC00000 -0001FF0000000007FC000000001FF0000000007FC000000001FF0000000007FC000000001FF000 -0000007FC000000001FF0000000007FC000000001FF0000000007FC000000001FF0000000007FC -000000001FF0000000007FC000000000FF0000000000FC00000000007000000000002E1982962A ->8 D<0000020000000E0000003E000001FE000007FE00003FFE0001FFFE000FFFFE00FFFFFE00 -FFFFFE000FFFFE0001FFFE00003FFE000007FE000001FE0000003E0000000E000000020019127E -882A>27 D<800000E00000F80000FF0000FFC000FFF800FFFF00FFFFE0FFFFFEFFFFFEFFFFE0FF -FF00FFF800FFC000FF0000F80000E0000080000017126F882A>45 D<00C00000C00000C00000C0 -0001E00001E00001E00003F00003F00003F00007F80007F80007F8000FFC000FFC001FFE001FFE -001FFE003FFF003FFF007FFF807FFF80FFFFC0121789A72A>54 D63 D<700000000000FC0000000000FF -00000000007FC0000000001FF00000000007FC0000000001FF00000000007FC0000000001FF000 -00000007FC0000000001FF00000000007FC0000000001FF00000000007FC0000000001FF000000 -00007FC0000000001FF00000000007FC0000000001FF00000000007FC0000000001FF000000000 -07F80000000001FC00000000007C0000000000182E1982962A>72 D E /Fv -22 89 df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w 5 111 -df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x 8 -117 df<0007FE0000007FFFE00001FFFFF80003FFFFFE000FF01FFF001FC007FFC03F0003FFE0 -7E0001FFE07FC000FFF07FE000FFF8FFF0007FF8FFF0007FF8FFF0003FFCFFF0003FFCFFF0003F -FCFFF0003FFC7FE0003FFC7FE0003FFC1F80003FFC0000003FFC0000003FF80000007FF8000000 -7FF80000007FF0000000FFE0000000FFE0000001FFC0000003FF80000003FF00000007FE000000 -0FF80000001FF00000001FE00000003F800000007F00000000FE00000001FC00000003F0003C00 -07E0003C000FC0003C001F800078003F000078007C00007800F80000F800F00000F801FFFFFFF8 -03FFFFFFF007FFFFFFF00FFFFFFFF01FFFFFFFF03FFFFFFFF07FFFFFFFF0FFFFFFFFF0FFFFFFFF -E0FFFFFFFFE0FFFFFFFFE026387BB731>50 D<0000001FFF000070000001FFFFE000F000000FFF -FFFC01F000007FFFFFFF03F00001FFFE007F87F00007FFE0000FEFF0000FFF000003FFF0003FFE -000001FFF0007FF8000000FFF000FFF00000007FF001FFE00000003FF003FFC00000001FF003FF -800000001FF007FF800000000FF00FFF0000000007F00FFF0000000007F01FFE0000000007F01F -FE0000000003F03FFC0000000003F03FFC0000000003F07FFC0000000001F07FFC0000000001F0 -7FFC0000000001F07FF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF80000000000 -00FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF800000000 -0000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000 -0000007FF80000000000007FFC0000000000007FFC0000000000F07FFC0000000000F03FFC0000 -000000F03FFC0000000000F01FFE0000000000F01FFE0000000001F00FFF0000000001E00FFF00 -00000003E007FF8000000003E003FF8000000007C003FFC000000007C001FFE00000000F8000FF -F00000001F00007FF80000003E00003FFE0000007C00000FFF000001F8000007FFE00007F00000 -01FFFE003FC00000007FFFFFFF800000000FFFFFFC0000000001FFFFF000000000001FFF000000 -3C3D7BBB47>67 D<001FFF00000001FFFFF0000007FFFFFC00000FF807FF00001FF801FF80001F -FC00FFC0001FFC007FE0001FFC007FE0001FFC007FF0001FFC003FF0000FF8003FF00007F0003F -F00001C0003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000FFFFF000000FFFFFF00000 -7FF83FF00003FF803FF00007FE003FF0001FFC003FF0003FF8003FF0007FF0003FF0007FE0003F -F000FFE0003FF000FFC0003FF000FFC0003FF000FFC0003FF000FFC0007FF000FFC0007FF000FF -E000FFF0007FF001DFF0003FF803DFF8001FFC0F8FFFF00FFFFE0FFFF001FFFC07FFF0003FE000 -FFF02C267DA530>97 D<0001FFC000000FFFF800003FFFFE0000FF80FF0001FE003F8007FC001F -C00FF8000FE00FF8000FF01FF00007F03FF00007F83FF00007F87FE00007F87FE00003FC7FE000 -03FC7FE00003FCFFE00003FCFFFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFFFCFFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0 -000000FFE00000007FE00000007FE00000007FE00000003FE00000003FF000003C1FF000003C1F -F000003C0FF800007807FC0000F803FE0001F001FF0007E000FFC03FC0003FFFFF000007FFFC00 -0000FFE00026267DA52D>101 D<00FF00000000FFFF00000000FFFF00000000FFFF00000000FF -FF0000000007FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000 -000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003 -FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF007FC00003FF01FF -F80003FF07FFFE0003FF1F03FF0003FF3C01FF0003FF7801FF8003FF7000FF8003FFE000FFC003 -FFC000FFC003FFC000FFC003FF8000FFC003FF8000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000 -FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003 -FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000 -FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC0FF -FFFC3FFFFFFFFFFC3FFFFFFFFFFC3FFFFFFFFFFC3FFFFF303C7CBB37>104 -D<00FF01FF8000FFFF0FFFF000FFFF3FFFFC00FFFFFE03FF00FFFFF001FFC003FFE0007FE003FF -80007FF003FF80003FF803FF00001FF803FF00001FFC03FF00000FFC03FF00000FFE03FF00000F -FE03FF00000FFE03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF -000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF00000FFE03FF00000F -FE03FF00000FFE03FF00001FFC03FF00001FFC03FF00001FF803FF80003FF003FFC0007FF003FF -E000FFE003FFF001FF8003FFFC07FF0003FF3FFFFC0003FF0FFFF00003FF01FF000003FF000000 -0003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF -0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF00000000FFFFFC0000 -00FFFFFC000000FFFFFC000000FFFFFC00000030377DA537>112 D<00FE03F000FFFE0FFE00FF -FE3FFF80FFFE3C7FC0FFFE707FC007FEF0FFE003FEE0FFE003FEC0FFE003FFC0FFE003FF80FFE0 -03FF807FC003FF803F8003FF800E0003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF0000 -0003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00 -000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF -000000FFFFFE0000FFFFFE0000FFFFFE0000FFFFFE000023267DA529>114 -D<0007800000078000000780000007800000078000000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000001F -8000001F8000003F8000003F8000007F800000FF800001FF800007FF80001FFFFFF0FFFFFFF0FF -FFFFF0FFFFFFF001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF8000 -01FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF80 -0001FF800001FF803C01FF803C01FF803C01FF803C01FF803C01FF803C01FF803C01FF803C00FF -807800FFC078007FC0F8007FE1F0001FFFE00007FFC00001FF001E377EB626>116 -D E /Fy 35 124 df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z 30 121 df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df<0001FF0000001FFFC000007F80F00000FE00F80003FC01FC0003F803FC00 -07F003FC0007F003FC0007F003FC0007F001F80007F000F00007F000000007F000000007F00000 -0007F0000000FFFFFFFC00FFFFFFFC00FFFFFFFC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001 -FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F0 -01FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007 -F001FC0007F001FC007FFF1FFFC07FFF1FFFC07FFF1FFFC0222A7FA926>12 -D<1C007F00FF80FF80FF80FF80FF807F001C0009097B8813>46 D<003F800001FFF00007E0FC00 -0FC07E001F803F001F803F003F001F803F001F807F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC0FF001F -E0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF00 -1FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC03F001F803F -001F801F803F001F803F000FC07E0007E0FC0001FFF000003F80001B277DA622>48 -D<000E00001E00007E0007FE00FFFE00FFFE00F8FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE -0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE -0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE007FFFFE7FFFFE7FFF -FE17277BA622>I<00FF800003FFF0000FFFFC003F03FF007C00FF807C007FC0FE007FC0FF003F -E0FF003FE0FF003FE0FF001FE07E001FE03C003FE000003FE000003FC000003FC000007F800000 -7F800000FF000001FE000001FC000003F0000007E000000FC000001F0000003E0000007C00E000 -7800E000F000E001E001C0038001C0070001C00FFFFFC01FFFFFC03FFFFFC07FFFFFC0FFFFFF80 -FFFFFF80FFFFFF801B277DA622>I<007F800003FFF00007FFFC001F81FE001F00FF003F80FF00 -3F807F803FC07F803F807F803F807F801F007F800000FF800000FF000000FF000001FE000003F8 -000007F00000FFC00000FFF0000001FC000000FF0000007F8000007FC000003FC000003FE00000 -3FE000003FE03C003FE07E003FE0FF003FE0FF003FE0FF003FC0FF007FC0FE007F807C00FF803F -01FF001FFFFC0007FFF00000FF80001B277DA622>I<00000E0000001E0000003E0000007E0000 -00FE000000FE000001FE000003FE0000077E00000E7E00000E7E00001C7E0000387E0000707E00 -00E07E0000E07E0001C07E0003807E0007007E000E007E000E007E001C007E0038007E0070007E -00E0007E00FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF80000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000 -FE000000FE000000FE00007FFFF8007FFFF8007FFFF81D277EA622>I<0C0003000F803F000FFF -FE000FFFFE000FFFFC000FFFF8000FFFE0000FFFC0000FFE00000E0000000E0000000E0000000E -0000000E0000000E0000000E7FC0000FFFF8000F80FE000E007F000C003F8000003F8000001FC0 -00001FC000001FE000001FE018001FE07E001FE0FE001FE0FE001FE0FE001FE0FE001FE0FE001F -C078003FC078003F803C007F001F01FE000FFFFC0003FFF00000FF80001B277DA622>I<0007F0 -00003FFC0000FFFF0001FC0F0007F01F800FE03F800FC03F801FC03F803F803F803F801F007F80 -00007F0000007F0000007F000000FF000000FF0FC000FF3FF800FF70FE00FFE03F00FFC03F80FF -801FC0FF801FC0FF801FC0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE07F001FE07F001FE07F001FE0 -7F001FE03F801FC03F801FC01F803F800FC03F8007E0FF0003FFFC0000FFF000003FC0001B277D -A622>I<380000003E0000003FFFFFF03FFFFFF03FFFFFF07FFFFFE07FFFFFC07FFFFFC07FFFFF -8070000F0070001E0070003C00E0003800E0007800E000F0000001E0000003C0000003C0000007 -800000078000000F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000003F0000003F0000003E0000007E000000 -7E0000007E0000007E000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE0000 -00FE000000FE0000003800001C297CA822>I<003FC00001FFF00003FFFC000FC07E000F003F00 -1F001F001E001F803E000F803E000F803F000F803F800F803FC01F803FF01F003FFC3F001FFE7E -001FFFF8000FFFE00007FFF80001FFFC0001FFFF0007FFFF801F8FFF803F03FFC07E01FFC07C00 -7FE0FC001FE0F8000FE0F80007E0F80003E0F80003E0F80003E0FC0003C07C0007C07E0007803F -000F801FC03F000FFFFC0003FFF800007FC0001B277DA622>I<007F800001FFF00007FFF8000F -E0FE001FC07E003F803F007F003F807F003F80FF001FC0FF001FC0FF001FC0FF001FC0FF001FE0 -FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE07F003FE07F003FE07F003FE03F807FE01F80FFE00FE1DFE003FF9F -E0007E1FE000001FE000001FC000001FC000001FC000003FC01F003F803F803F803F807F003F80 -7F003F80FE003F01FC001E03F8000FFFE00007FF800001FE00001B277DA622>I<000003800000 -000007C00000000007C0000000000FE0000000000FE0000000000FE0000000001FF0000000001F -F0000000003FF8000000003FF8000000003FF80000000073FC0000000073FC00000000F3FE0000 -0000E1FE00000000E1FE00000001C0FF00000001C0FF00000003C0FF80000003807F8000000780 -7FC0000007003FC0000007003FC000000E003FE000000E001FE000001E001FF000001C000FF000 -001FFFFFF000003FFFFFF800003FFFFFF80000780007FC0000700003FC0000700003FC0000E000 -01FE0000E00001FE0001E00001FF0001C00000FF0001C00000FF00FFFE001FFFFEFFFE001FFFFE -FFFE001FFFFE2F297EA834>65 DI<00003FF00180 -0003FFFE0780000FFFFF8F80003FF007FF8000FF8001FF8001FE00007F8007FC00003F8007F800 -001F800FF000000F801FE000000F803FE0000007803FC0000007807FC0000003807FC000000380 -7FC000000380FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000 -000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF80000000007FC000000000 -7FC0000003807FC0000003803FC0000003803FE0000003801FE0000007800FF00000070007F800 -000F0007FC00001E0001FE00003C0000FF8000F800003FF007F000000FFFFFC0000003FFFF0000 -00003FF8000029297CA832>IIII72 DI -75 DII<0000FFE000000007FFFC0000003FC07F8000007F001FC00001FC0007F00003F80003F8 -0007F00001FC000FF00001FE001FE00000FF001FE00000FF003FC000007F803FC000007F807FC0 -00007FC07F8000003FC07F8000003FC07F8000003FC0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003F -E0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF80 -00003FE07F8000003FC07FC000007FC07FC000007FC03FC000007F803FC000007F801FE00000FF -001FE00000FF000FF00001FE0007F00001FC0003F80003F80001FC0007F00000FF001FE000003F -C07F8000000FFFFE00000000FFE000002B297CA834>79 DI82 D<007F806003FFF0E00FFFFFE01F807FE03F -001FE07E0007E07E0003E07C0003E0FC0001E0FC0001E0FC0000E0FE0000E0FE0000E0FF000000 -FFC000007FFE00007FFFE0003FFFFC003FFFFF001FFFFF8007FFFFC003FFFFE000FFFFF00007FF -F000007FF000000FF8000007F8000003F8E00003F8E00001F8E00001F8E00001F8F00001F8F000 -01F0F80003F0FC0003E0FF0007E0FFE01FC0FFFFFF00E0FFFE00C01FF0001D297CA826>I<7FFF -FFFFFFC07FFFFFFFFFC07FFFFFFFFFC07F803FC03FC07E003FC007C078003FC003C078003FC003 -C070003FC001C0F0003FC001E0F0003FC001E0E0003FC000E0E0003FC000E0E0003FC000E0E000 -3FC000E0E0003FC000E000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC000 -0000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC000000000 -3FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC000 -0000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC00000007FFFFFE000007FFFFFE000007F -FFFFE0002B287EA730>II87 D<01FF800007FFF0000F81FC001FC0FE001FC07F001FC0 -7F001FC03F800F803F8000003F8000003F8000003F80000FFF8000FFFF8007FC3F801FE03F803F -803F807F803F807F003F80FE003F80FE003F80FE003F80FE007F80FF007F807F00FFC03F83DFFC -0FFF0FFC01FC03FC1E1B7E9A21>97 D<001FF80000FFFE0003F01F000FE03F801FC03F803F803F -803F803F807F801F007F000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF00 -0000FF000000FF0000007F0000007F8000003F8001C03FC001C01FC003C00FE0078003F01F0000 -FFFC00001FE0001A1B7E9A1F>99 D<00003FF80000003FF80000003FF800000003F800000003F8 -00000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003 -F800000003F800000003F800001FE3F80000FFFBF80003F03FF8000FE00FF8001FC007F8003F80 -03F8003F8003F8007F8003F8007F0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF -0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F8007F0003F8007F0003F8003F8003F800 -3F8007F8001FC00FF8000FE01FF80003F03FFF8000FFF3FF80003FC3FF80212A7EA926>I<003F -E00001FFF80003F07E000FE03F001FC01F803F800FC03F800FC07F000FC07F0007E0FF0007E0FF -0007E0FF0007E0FFFFFFE0FFFFFFE0FF000000FF000000FF000000FF0000007F0000007F800000 -3F8000E03F8001E01FC001C00FE003C003F81F8000FFFE00001FF0001B1B7E9A20>I<0007F000 -3FFC00FE3E01FC7F03F87F03F87F07F07F07F03E07F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007 -F000FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007 -F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F0007FFF807F -FF807FFF80182A7EA915>I<00FF81F003FFE7FC0FC1FE7C1F80FC7C3F80FE7C3F007E107F007F -007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F003F007E003F80FE001F80FC000FC1F8001FFF -E00018FF8000380000003C0000003C0000003E0000003FFFF8003FFFFF001FFFFFC00FFFFFE007 -FFFFF01FFFFFF07E0007F87C0001F8F80001F8F80000F8F80000F8F80000F8FC0001F87E0003F0 -3F0007E00FC01F8003FFFE00007FF0001E287E9A22>II<07001FC01FE03FE03FE03FE01FE01FC007000000000000000000000000000000FF -E0FFE0FFE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE0 -0FE00FE00FE00FE0FFFEFFFEFFFE0F2B7DAA14>I -107 DIII<003FE00001FFFC0003F07E000FC01F801F800FC03F800FE03F0007E07F0007F07F0007F0 -7F0007F0FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F87F0007 -F07F0007F03F800FE03F800FE01F800FC00FC01F8007F07F0001FFFC00003FE0001D1B7E9A22> -II114 D<03FE300FFFF03E03F07800F07000F0F00070F0 -0070F80070FC0000FFE000FFFE007FFFC03FFFE01FFFF007FFF800FFFC0003FC0000FCE0007CE0 -003CF0003CF0003CF80078FC0078FF01F0F7FFC0C1FF00161B7E9A1B>I<007000007000007000 -00700000F00000F00000F00001F00003F00003F00007F0001FFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF007F00007F000 -07F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F03807F038 -07F03807F03807F03807F03807F03803F87001F8F000FFE0001F8015267FA51B>III120 -DI123 D E /FB 83 -123 df34 -D<00C00001C00001C00001C00007F0001FFC003FFF007DCF00F1C780E1C780E1C780E1C780F1C3 -0079C0007FC0001FF00007FC0001FE0001CF0001C780F1C380F1C380F1C380E1C780F1C78079DF -003FFE001FFC0007E00001C00001C00000C00011207E9C16>36 D<3801807C0380FE0380FE0700 -EE0700EE0E00EE0E00EE0E00FE1C00FE1C007C380038380000700000700000700000E00000E000 -01C00001C00001C0000380000383800707C0070FE00E0EE00E0EE00E0EE01C0EE01C0EE0380FE0 -3807C018038013207F9C16>I<03800007E0000FE0001E70001C70001C70001C70001C77E01CE7 -E01DE7E00FC7000F8E000F0E001E0E003F1C007F1C00739C00E3F800E1F800E0F1C0E0F1C071F9 -C07FFFC03F9F801E070013197F9816>I<183C3E1E0E0E0E1E1C3C78F060070D799816>I<00E001 -E007C007000F001E003C0038007800700070007000F000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000F000 -700070007000780038003C001E000F00070007C001E000E00B217A9C16>II<01C00001C00001C00001C00001 -C00001C00001C00001C000FFFF80FFFF80FFFF8001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001 -C00001C00011137E9516>43 D<387C7E7E3E0E1E3C7CF860070B798416>II<70F8F8F8700505788416>I<03E0000FF8001FFC001E3C00380E00780F007007 -00700700E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380F00780700700700700780F -003C1E001E3C001FFC000FF80003E00011197E9816>48 D<01800380038007800F807F80FF8073 -80038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003807FF87FFC7FF80E197C98 -16>I<07E0001FF8007FFE00783F00F00F00F00780F00380F00380000380000380000780000700 -000F00001E00003C0000780000F00003E0000780000F00001E03803C03807FFF80FFFF807FFF80 -11197E9816>I<07E0001FFC007FFE00781F00780F00780700000700000F00000F00003E0007FC -0007F80007FC00001E00000700000780000380000380F00380F00780F00700F81F007FFE003FFC -0007E00011197E9816>I<007C0000FC0000DC0001DC00039C00039C00071C000F1C000E1C001E -1C003C1C00381C00781C00F01C00FFFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0001 -FFC001FFC001FFC013197F9816>I<3FFE003FFE003FFE00380000380000380000380000380000 -3800003800003BF0003FFC003FFE003C0F00300700000780000380600380F00380F00780F00F00 -F81F007FFE001FF80007E00011197E9816>I<00F80003FE000FFF001F0F003E0F003C0F007806 -00700000F00000F3F800EFFE00FFFE00F80F00F00780F00780E00380F00380F003807003807807 -80780F003C1F001FFE000FF80003E00011197E9816>II<07F0001FFC003FFE00 -7C1F00F00780E00380E00380E003807007007C1F001FFC0007F0001FFC003C1E00700700F00780 -E00380E00380E00380F007807007007C1F003FFE001FFC0007F00011197E9816>I<03E0000FF8 -003FFC007C1E00780F00F00700E00700E00780E00780E00380F00780F00780780F803FFF803FFB -800FE380000780000700300F00780E00781E00787C007FF8003FE0000F800011197E9816>I<70 -F8F8F870000000000000000070F8F8F8700512789116>I<387C7C7C380000000000000000387C -7C7C3C1C3C38F8F0600618799116>I<000180000780001F80003E0000F80001F00007C0000F80 -003E0000FC0000F00000FC00003E00000F800007C00001F00000F800003E00001F800007800001 -8011157E9616>I<7FFF00FFFF80FFFF80000000000000000000000000000000FFFF80FFFF807F -FF00110B7E9116>I<0FE03FF87FFCF01EF00EF00E601E007C00F801F003E003C0038003800380 -03800300000000000000000003000780078003000F197D9816>63 D<00F80003FE000FFF001F0F -803E3F803C7F8078FFC071E7C0F1C3C0E3C3C0E381C0E381C0E381C0E381C0E381C0E3C3C0F1C3 -8071E78078FF003C7E003E3C001F03C00FFFC003FF0000FC0012197E9816>I<00E00001F00001 -F00001B00001B00003B80003B80003B800031800071C00071C00071C00071C00071C000E0E000E -0E000FFE000FFE001FFF001C07001C07001C07007F1FC0FF1FE07F1FC013197F9816>I<7FF800 -FFFE007FFF001C0F001C07801C03801C03801C03801C07801C07001FFF001FFE001FFE001C1F00 -1C03801C03C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C03C01C07807FFF80FFFF007FFC0012197F9816> -I<01F18007FF800FFF801F0F803C0780780780780380700380F00000E00000E00000E00000E000 -00E00000E00000E00000F000007003807803807803803C07801F0F000FFE0007FC0001F0001119 -7E9816>I<7FF800FFFE007FFF001C0F001C07801C03C01C01C01C01C01C01E01C00E01C00E01C -00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C01C01C01C01C03C01C07801C0F807FFF00FFFE007F -F8001319809816>I<7FFFC0FFFFC07FFFC01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C00001C00001C1C00 -1C1C001FFC001FFC001FFC001C1C001C1C001C00001C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E07FFFE0 -FFFFE07FFFE013197F9816>II<03E30007FF001FFF003E1F003C0F00780F0078070070 -0700F00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E03F80E07FC0E03F80F00700700700780F00780F003C -0F003E1F001FFF0007FF0003E70012197E9816>I<7F1FC0FFBFE07F1FC01C07001C07001C0700 -1C07001C07001C07001C07001FFF001FFF001FFF001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C0700 -1C07001C07001C07007F1FC0FFBFE07F1FC013197F9816>II<07FE07FF07FE0038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800 -3800386038F038F0707FF07FE01F8010197D9816>I<7F0FE0FF8FF07F0FE01C07801C0F001C0E -001C1C001C3C001C78001CF0001CE0001DF0001FF0001FF8001F38001E1C001C1C001C0E001C0E -001C07001C07001C03807F07E0FF8FF07F07E01419809816>III<7E1FC0FF3F -E07F1FC01D07001D87001D87001D87001DC7001DC7001CC7001CC7001CE7001CE7001CE7001C67 -001C67001C77001C77001C37001C37001C37001C17007F1F00FF9F007F0F0013197F9816>I<1F -FC003FFE007FFF00780F00F00780E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E0 -0380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380F00780F00780780F007FFF003FFE001FFC0011197E98 -16>I<7FF800FFFE007FFF001C0F801C03801C03C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C03C01C03801C0F80 -1FFF001FFE001FF8001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00007F0000FF80007F0000 -12197F9816>I<1FFC003FFE007FFF00780F00F00780E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E003 -80E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E0E380E1E380F0F780787F007FFF003FFE -001FFC00001C00001E00000E00000F00000700000700111F7E9816>I<7FE000FFF8007FFC001C -1E001C0F001C07001C07001C07001C07001C0F001C1E001FFC001FF8001FFC001C1C001C0E001C -0E001C0E001C0E001C0E201C0E701C0E707F07E0FF87E07F03C014197F9816>I<07E3001FFF00 -7FFF00781F00F00F00E00700E00700E00000F000007800007F80001FF00007FC0000FE00000F00 -000780000380000380E00380E00380F00780F80F00FFFE00FFFC00C7F00011197E9816>I<7FFF -E0FFFFE0FFFFE0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E0 -0000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00007FC000FFE0007FC0013197F9816 ->I<7F07F0FF8FF87F07F01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C -01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C00E03800E038007070007FF0003FE0000F80015 -19809816>III<7F1F807F3F807F1F800E1E000E1C00073C0007380003B80003 -F00001F00001E00000E00001E00001F00003F00003B80007B800071C00071C000E0E000E0E001C -07007F1FC0FF1FE07F1FC013197F9816>II<7FFF80FFFF80FFFF80E00700E00F00E01E -00E01C00003C0000780000700000F00001E00001C00003C0000780000700000F00001E03801C03 -803C0380780380700380FFFF80FFFF80FFFF8011197E9816>II93 D<03000F803FE0FDF8F07840100D067C9816>I<0C1E3C7870F0E0 -E0E0F0F87830070D789B16>96 D<1FE0007FF8007FFC00783C00301E00000E00000E0003FE001F -FE007E0E00F00E00E00E00E00E00F01E00F83E007FFFE03FE7E00F83E013127E9116>I<7E0000 -FE00007E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E3E000EFF800FFFC00F83E00F01E00E00F00E00F0 -0E00700E00700E00700E00700E00F00F00E00F01E00F83C00FFFC00EFF00063C001419809816> -I<03F80FFE1FFE3C1E780C7000F000E000E000E000E000F000700778073E0F1FFE0FFC03F01012 -7D9116>I<003F00007F00003F0000070000070000070000070003C7000FF7003FFF003C1F0078 -0F00F00700F00700E00700E00700E00700E00700F00700F00F00781F007C3F003FFFE01FF7F007 -C7E014197F9816>I<03E00FF81FFC3C1E780E7007E007FFFFFFFFFFFFE000E000700778073C0F -1FFE0FFC03F010127D9116>I<001F00007F8000FF8001E78001C30001C00001C0007FFF00FFFF -00FFFF0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0 -003FFE007FFF003FFE0011197F9816>I<03E3C00FFFE01FFFE01E3CC03C1E00380E00380E0038 -0E003C1E001E3C001FFC001FF8003BE0003800003800001FFC001FFF003FFFC07803C0F001E0E0 -00E0E000E0E000E0F001E07C07C03FFF800FFE0003F800131C7F9116>I<7E0000FE00007E0000 -0E00000E00000E00000E00000E3C000EFF000FFF800F87800F03800F03800E03800E03800E0380 -0E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03807FC7F0FFE7F87FC7F01519809816>I<018003C003 -C0018000000000000000007FC07FC07FC001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C0 -01C07FFFFFFF7FFF101A7D9916>I<003000780078003000000000000000001FF81FF81FF80038 -0038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800386070F0 -F0FFE07FC03F800D237E9916>I<7E0000FE00007E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E7FE00E -7FE00E7FE00E0F000E1E000E3C000E78000EF0000FF0000FF8000FBC000F1E000E0E000E07000E -07807F87F0FFCFF07F87F01419809816>III<7E3C00FEFF007FFF800F87800F03800F03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E -03800E03800E03800E03807FC7F0FFE7F87FC7F01512809116>I<03E0000FF8001FFC003C1E00 -780F00700700E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380F00780700700780F003C1E001FFC000FF800 -03E00011127E9116>I<7E3E00FEFF807FFFC00F83E00F01E00E00F00E00F00E00700E00700E00 -700E00700E00F00F00E00F01E00F83C00FFFC00EFF000E3C000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00 -000E00007FC000FFE0007FC000141B809116>I<07C7001FF7003FFF007C3F00781F00F00F00F0 -0700E00700E00700E00700E00700F00700F00F00781F007C3F003FFF001FF70007C70000070000 -0700000700000700000700000700003FE0007FF0003FE0141B7E9116>II<0FEC3FFC7FFCF03CE01CE01CF0007F801FF007FC003EE00EE00E -F00EF81EFFFCFFF8C7E00F127D9116>I<0300000700000700000700000700007FFF00FFFF00FF -FF0007000007000007000007000007000007000007000007010007038007038007078007878003 -FF0003FE0000F80011177F9616>I<7E1F80FE3F807E1F800E03800E03800E03800E03800E0380 -0E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E07800F0F800FFFF007FFF803E3F01512809116>I<7F1F -C0FF1FE07F1FC01C07001E0F000E0E000E0E000E0E00071C00071C00071C00071C0003B80003B8 -0003B80001F00001F00000E00013127F9116>II<7F1FC07F3FC07F1FC00F1C00073C0003B80003F00001F00000E00001E00001F00003B800 -073C00071C000E0E007F1FC0FF3FE07F1FC013127F9116>I<7F1FC0FF9FE07F1FC01C07000E07 -000E0E000E0E00070E00071C00071C00039C00039C0003980001B80001B80000F00000F00000F0 -0000E00000E00000E00001C00079C0007BC0007F80003F00003C0000131B7F9116>I<3FFFC07F -FFC07FFFC0700780700F00701E00003C0000780001F00003E0000780000F00001E01C03C01C078 -01C0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC012127F9116>I E /FC 65 124 df<00E001C0038007000E000E001C -001C003800380038007000700070007000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000 -E00070007000700070003800380038001C001C000E000E000700038001C000E00B2A7E9E10>40 -DI<00060000000600000006000000060000000600000006000000 -060000000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000FFFFFFE0FFFFFFE000060000 -000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000000600 -0000060000000600001B1C7E9720>43 DII<03C00FF01FF83C3C381C700E700E700EE007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E0 -07E007E007E007700E700E700E381C3C3C1FF80FF007E0101D7E9B15>48 -D<010007003F00FF00C70007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700 -0700070007000700070007000700FFF8FFF80D1C7C9B15>I<07C01FF03878701C601EE00EC00F -400F400700070007000F000E001E001C003C007800F001E001C0038007000E001C0038007000FF -FFFFFF101C7E9B15>I<07E01FF03838701CE01E401E401E001E001E001C003C007807F007E007 -F0003C001C001E000F000F000F000F800F800FC01E601C383C1FF007E0101D7E9B15>I<003C00 -007C00005C0000DC0001DC00019C00039C00039C00071C00071C000E1C000E1C001C1C003C1C00 -381C00781C00701C00F01C00FFFFC0FFFFC0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00 -121B7F9A15>I<7FFE7FFE700070007000700070007000700073E07FF07FF87E3C7C1E781E780F -000F000F000F000F000F000F401EC01E603C38781FF00FC0101C7E9A15>I<00F803FC07040E00 -1C00380038007000700071F0E7F8EFFCFC3CF81EF00EF007E007E007E007E007E0077007700770 -0E300E381C1C380FF003E0101D7E9B15>I -I<07E01FF83C3C700E700EE007E007E007E007700E700E3C3C1FF807E01FF83C3C700E700EE007 -E007E007E007E007E007700E781E3C3C1FF807E0101D7E9B15>I<03C00FF01C38381C700C700E -E00EE006E007E007E007E007E007E00F700F781F3C3F3FF71FE70F86000E000E000C001C001820 -3070F03FC00F80101D7E9B15>I<7FFFFFC0FFFFFFE00000000000000000000000000000000000 -000000000000000000000000000000FFFFFFE07FFFFFC01B0C7E8F20>61 -D<003F8000FFE003FFF007E0F80F00381E07FC3C0FFC381FFC783C7E70783E70701EE0E00EE0E0 -0EE0E00EE0E00EE0E00EE0E00EE0E00E70701C70783C783C78381FF03C0FE01E07C00F000007E0 -1E03FFFC00FFF0003FC0171D7E9C1C>64 D<001C0000003E0000003E0000002E00000067000000 -67000000E7800000C7800000C3800001C3C0000183C0000181C0000381E0000381E0000700F000 -0700F0000600F0000E0078000FFFF8000FFFF8001C003C001C003C0018003C0038001E0038001E -0070001F0070000F0070000F00E0000780191D7F9C1C>I -I<003FC000FFF003C0F00780300F00001E00003C00003C0000780000780000780000F00000F000 -00F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F000007800007800007800003C00003C00001E00 -000F000807801803C07800FFF0003F80151F7D9D1B>II< -FFFFC0FFFFC0F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000 -FFFF80FFFF80F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000 -F00000FFFFC0FFFFC0121D7C9C19>II<003F8001FFF003 -C0F80780380F00181E00003C00003C0000780000780000780000F00000F00000F00000F00000F0 -0000F00000F007F8F007F8F000387800387800387800383C00383C00381E00380F003807803803 -C0F801FFF0003F80151F7D9D1C>III<0078007800780078007800 -780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078 -C078E0F0FFF07FE01F800D1E7E9C14>IIIII<003F000001FFE00003FFF00007C0F8000F807C001E001E003E001F003C000F0078000780 -7800078078000780F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003 -C0F80007C078000780780007807C000F803C000F003E001F001F003E000F807C0007C0F80003FF -F00001FFE000003F00001A1F7E9D1F>II<003F000001FF -E00003FFF00007C0F8000F807C001F003E003E001F003C000F00780007807800078078000780F0 -0003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C078000780 -78000780780E07803C0F0F003E079F001E03DE000F83FC0007C1F80003FFF00001FFF800003F78 -0000003C0000003E0000001F0000000F801A237E9D1F>I -I<03F8000FFE001C0F00380700700300600000E00000E00000E00000E00000F000007800007F00 -003FE0001FFC0007FE0001FF00001F800007800003C00003C00001C00001C00001C00001C0C001 -80E00380F007007C0E001FFC0007F000121F7E9D17>IIIII<78000E007C001E003C003C001E0038000F0070000F00F0000781E000 -03C1C00001C3C00001E7800000F70000007E0000003E0000003C0000003C0000007E0000007700 -0000E7800001E3800003C1C0000381E0000700F0000F00F8000E0078001C003C003C003E007800 -1F0070000F00F0000F80191D7F9C1C>II<7FFFF07FFFF00001E00003E00003C000 -07C0000780000F00001F00001E00003E00003C0000780000F80000F00001F00001E00003C00007 -C0000780000F80000F00001E00003E00003C00007C0000780000FFFFF0FFFFF0141D7E9C19>I< -FFFFFFE0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0FF -FFFF08297D9E0C>I93 D<0FC03FF07FF87038401C001C001C00FC0FFC3FFC -781CE01CE01CE01CF07C7FFC7FDC3F1C0E127E9114>97 DI<07E00FF81FFC3C1C70047000E000E000E000E000E000E00070007004 -3C1C1FFC0FF807E00E127E9112>I<000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E0F8E -1FEE3FFE7C3E700E700EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EF00E701E7C3E3FFE1FEE0F8E0F1D7E9C15 ->I<07C01FE03FF078787018601CFFFCFFFCFFFCE000E000E000700070043C1C3FFC1FF807E00E -127E9112>I<03C3C00FFFC01FFFC01C3800381C00381C00381C00381C00381C001C38001FF800 -1FF0003BC0003800003800001FFC001FFF003FFF80700780E001C0E001C0E001C0F003C07C0F80 -3FFF001FFE0007F800121B7F9115>103 DI -I107 DIII<03F0000FFC001FFE -003C0F00780780700380E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0F003C07003807807803C0F001FFE -000FFC0003F00012127F9115>I114 D<1FC03FF07FF0F030E000E000F0007F003FC01F -E000F0003800388038F078FFF07FE01FC00D127F9110>I<1C001C001C001C001C001C00FFE0FF -E01C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C201FF00FF007C00C187F970F> -II<7003807807003C0E001C1C000E1C0007380003F00001E00001C00001E00003F00007 -38000E18000E1C001C0E00380700700380F003C01212809113>120 DI123 D E /FD -8 115 df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df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df<000FF000007FFC0001F80E0003E01F0007C03F00 -0F803F000F803F000F801E000F800C000F8000000F8000000F8000000F800000FFFFFF00FFFFFF -000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F80 -1F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F007FF0FFE07F -F0FFE01B237FA21F>12 D<000FFF00007FFF0001F83F0003E03F0007C03F000F803F000F801F00 -0F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F00FFFFFF00FFFFFF000F801F000F801F -000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F80 -1F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F007FF0FFE07FF0FFE01B237FA21F ->I<387CFEFFFF7F3B03030706060C1C18702008117C8610>44 DI<387CFEFEFE7C3807077C8610>I<00FE0007FFC00F83E01F01F03E00F83E00F87C007C7C00 -7C7C007CFC007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC00 -7EFC007EFC007E7C007C7C007C7C007C3E00F83E00F81F01F00F83E007FFC000FE0017207E9F1C ->48 D<00180000780001F800FFF800FFF80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F800 -01F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F800 -01F80001F80001F80001F80001F8007FFFE07FFFE013207C9F1C>I<03FC000FFF003C1FC07007 -E07C07F0FE03F0FE03F8FE03F8FE01F87C01F83803F80003F80003F00003F00007E00007C0000F -80001F00003E0000380000700000E01801C0180380180700180E00380FFFF01FFFF03FFFF07FFF -F0FFFFF0FFFFF015207D9F1C>I<00FE0007FFC00F07E01E03F03F03F03F81F83F81F83F81F81F -03F81F03F00003F00003E00007C0001F8001FE0001FF000007C00001F00001F80000FC0000FC3C -00FE7E00FEFF00FEFF00FEFF00FEFF00FC7E01FC7801F81E07F00FFFC001FE0017207E9F1C>I< -0000E00001E00003E00003E00007E0000FE0001FE0001FE00037E00077E000E7E001C7E00187E0 -0307E00707E00E07E00C07E01807E03807E07007E0E007E0FFFFFEFFFFFE0007E00007E00007E0 -0007E00007E00007E00007E000FFFE00FFFE17207E9F1C>I<1000201E01E01FFFC01FFF801FFF -001FFE001FF8001BC00018000018000018000018000019FC001FFF001E0FC01807E01803E00003 -F00003F00003F80003F83803F87C03F8FE03F8FE03F8FC03F0FC03F07007E03007C01C1F800FFF -0003F80015207D9F1C>I<001F8000FFE003F07007C0F00F01F81F01F83E01F83E01F87E00F07C -00007C0000FC0800FC7FC0FCFFE0FD80F0FF00F8FE007CFE007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E7C -007E7C007E7C007E3C007C3E007C1E00F80F00F00783E003FFC000FF0017207E9F1C>I<600000 -7800007FFFFE7FFFFE7FFFFC7FFFF87FFFF87FFFF0E00060E000C0C00180C00300C00300000600 -000C00001C0000180000380000780000780000F00000F00000F00001F00001F00001F00003F000 -03F00003F00003F00003F00003F00003F00001E00017227DA11C>I<00FE0003FFC00601E00C00 -701800701800383800383C00383F00383F80783FE0701FF8E01FFFC00FFF8007FFC003FFE007FF -F01E7FF83C1FFC7807FC7801FEF000FEF0003EF0001EF0001EF0001CF8001C7800383C00381F01 -F00FFFC001FF0017207E9F1C>I<01FE0007FF800F83E01E01F03E00F07C00F87C0078FC007CFC -007CFC007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E7C00FE7C00FE3E01FE1E037E0FFE7E07FC7E00207E00 -007C00007C1E007C3F00F83F00F83F00F03F01E01E03C01C0F800FFE0003F80017207E9F1C>I< -387CFEFEFE7C380000000000000000387CFEFEFE7C3807167C9510>I<00007000000000700000 -0000F800000000F800000000F800000001FC00000001FC00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00 -000006FF000000067F0000000E7F8000000C3F8000000C3F800000183FC00000181FC00000381F -E00000300FE00000300FE00000600FF000006007F00000E007F80000FFFFF80000FFFFF8000180 -01FC00018001FC00038001FE00030000FE00030000FE000600007F000600007F00FFE00FFFF8FF -E00FFFF825227EA12A>65 DI<0003FE008000 -1FFF818000FF01E38001F8003F8003E0001F8007C0000F800F800007801F800007803F00000380 -3F000003807F000001807E000001807E00000180FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE000000 -00FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE000000007E000000007E000001807F000001803F0000 -01803F000003801F800003000F8000030007C000060003F0000C0001F800380000FF00F000001F -FFC0000003FE000021227DA128>IIII<0003FE0040001FFFC0C0007F00F1C001F8003FC003F0000FC007C00007 -C00FC00003C01F800003C03F000001C03F000001C07F000000C07E000000C07E000000C0FE0000 -0000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE000FFFFC7E00 -0FFFFC7F00001FC07F00001FC03F00001FC03F00001FC01F80001FC00FC0001FC007E0001FC003 -F0001FC001FC003FC0007F80E7C0001FFFC3C00003FF00C026227DA12C>III<03FFFF03FFFF0007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F000 -07F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F018 -07F07E07F0FF07F0FF07F0FF07F0FF07E07E0FE07C1FC01FFF0007F80018227FA11D>IIIII<0007FC0000003FFF800000FC07E00003F001F80007E000FC000FC0007E001F80003F001F -80003F003F00001F803F00001F807F00001FC07E00000FC07E00000FC0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0 -FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE07E00000F -C07F00001FC07F00001FC03F00001F803F80003F801F80003F000FC0007E0007E000FC0003F001 -F80000FC07E000003FFF80000007FC000023227DA12A>II82 -D<01FC0407FF8C1F03FC3C007C7C003C78001C78001CF8000CF8000CFC000CFC0000FF0000FFE0 -007FFF007FFFC03FFFF01FFFF80FFFFC03FFFE003FFE0003FF00007F00003F00003FC0001FC000 -1FC0001FE0001EE0001EF0003CFC003CFF00F8C7FFE080FF8018227DA11F>I<7FFFFFFF807FFF -FFFF807E03F80F807803F807807003F803806003F80180E003F801C0E003F801C0C003F800C0C0 -03F800C0C003F800C0C003F800C00003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F80000 -0003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800 -000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F8000003FFFF -F80003FFFFF80022227EA127>IIII<7FFFC1FFF07FFFC1FFF003 -FC000C0001FE00180000FE00380000FF007000007F806000003F80C000003FC1C000001FE38000 -000FE30000000FF700000007FE00000003FC00000003FC00000001FE00000000FE00000000FF00 -000000FF80000001FFC0000001BFC00000031FE00000070FF000000E0FF000000C07F800001803 -FC00003803FC00003001FE00006000FF0000E000FF0001C0007F800180003FC0FFFC03FFFEFFFC -03FFFE27227FA12A>I<07FC001FFF803F07C03F03E03F01E03F01F01E01F00001F00001F0003F -F003FDF01FC1F03F01F07E01F0FC01F0FC01F0FC01F0FC01F07E02F07E0CF81FF87F07E03F1816 -7E951B>97 DI<00FF80 -07FFE00F83F01F03F03E03F07E03F07C01E07C0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000 -7C00007E00007E00003E00301F00600FC0E007FF8000FE0014167E9519>I<0001FE000001FE00 -00003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E -0000003E0001FC3E0007FFBE000F81FE001F007E003E003E007E003E007C003E00FC003E00FC00 -3E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E007C003E007C003E003E007E001E -00FE000F83BE0007FF3FC001FC3FC01A237EA21F>I<00FE0007FF800F87C01E01E03E01F07C00 -F07C00F8FC00F8FC00F8FFFFF8FFFFF8FC0000FC0000FC00007C00007C00007E00003E00181F00 -300FC07003FFC000FF0015167E951A>I<003F8000FFC001E3E003C7E007C7E00F87E00F83C00F -80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F8000FFFC00FFFC000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F -80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80007F -F8007FF80013237FA211>I<03FC1E0FFF7F1F0F8F3E07CF3C03C07C03E07C03E07C03E07C03E0 -7C03E03C03C03E07C01F0F801FFF0013FC003000003000003800003FFF801FFFF00FFFF81FFFFC -3800FC70003EF0001EF0001EF0001EF0001E78003C7C007C3F01F80FFFE001FF0018217E951C> -II<1C003F007F007F00 -7F003F001C000000000000000000000000000000FF00FF001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F -001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F00FFE0FFE00B247EA310>I107 DIII<00FE0007FFC00F83E01E00F03E00F8 -7C007C7C007C7C007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E7C007C7C007C3E00F8 -1F01F00F83E007FFC000FE0017167E951C>II114 -D<0FF3003FFF00781F00600700E00300E00300F00300FC00007FE0007FF8003FFE000FFF0001FF -00000F80C00780C00380E00380E00380F00700FC0E00EFFC00C7F00011167E9516>I<01800001 -80000180000180000380000380000780000780000F80003F8000FFFF00FFFF000F80000F80000F -80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F81800F81800F81800F81800F -81800F830007C30003FE0000F80011207F9F16>IIIIII123 D E /FG -45 124 df<003FFC0001F07C0003C07C0007C07C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F80 -7C000F807C000F807C00FFFFFC00FFFFFC000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F -807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C007FF3FF80 -7FF3FF80191D809C1B>13 D<78FCFCFEFE7A0202040408083040070E7D850D>44 -DI<78FCFCFCFC7806067D850D>I<03F8000F1E001C07003C07 -803803807803C07803C07803C0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803 -E0F803E0F803E0F803E07803C07803C03803803C07801C07000F1E0003F800131B7E9A18>48 -D<00600001E0000FE000FFE000F3E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E0 -0003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E0007FFF -807FFF80111B7D9A18>I<07F8001FFE00383F80780FC0FC07C0FC07E0FC03E0FC03E07803E000 -07E00007C00007C0000F80001F00001E0000380000700000E0000180600300600600600800E01F -FFC03FFFC07FFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0131B7E9A18>I<03F8001FFE003C1F003C0F807C07C07E07C0 -7C07C03807C0000F80000F80001E00003C0003F800001E00000F800007C00007C00007E03007E0 -7807E0FC07E0FC07E0FC07C0780F80781F001FFE0007F800131B7E9A18>I<0001800003800007 -80000F80001F80003F80006F8000CF80008F80018F80030F80060F800C0F80180F80300F80600F -80C00F80FFFFF8FFFFF8000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F8001FFF801FFF8151B7F9A18 ->I<1801801FFF001FFE001FFC001FF8001FC00018000018000018000018000019F8001E0E0018 -0F801007800007C00007E00007E00007E07807E0F807E0F807E0F807C0F007C0600F80381F001F -FE0007F000131B7E9A18>I<007E0003FF000781800F03C01E07C03C07C03C0380780000780000 -F80000F8F800FB0E00FA0780FC0380FC03C0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E07803E07803E07803C0 -3C03C03C07801E0F0007FE0003F800131B7E9A18>I<03F8000FFE001E0F003C07807807807803 -C0F803C0F803C0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E07807E03807E03C0BE00E1BE003E3E00003E00003 -C00003C03807C07C07807C0700780F00383C001FF8000FE000131B7E9A18>57 -D61 D<00038000000380000007C0000007C00000 -07C000000FE000000FE000001FF000001BF000001BF0000031F8000031F8000061FC000060FC00 -00E0FE0000C07E0000C07E0001803F0001FFFF0003FFFF8003001F8003001F8006000FC006000F -C00E000FE00C0007E0FFC07FFEFFC07FFE1F1C7E9B24>65 DI69 D73 D75 DII<003FE00001F07C0003C01E000F800F80 -1F0007C01E0003C03E0003E07E0003F07C0001F07C0001F0FC0001F8FC0001F8FC0001F8FC0001 -F8FC0001F8FC0001F8FC0001F8FC0001F87C0001F07E0003F07E0003F03E0003E03F0007E01F00 -07C00F800F8003C01E0001F07C00003FE0001D1C7D9B24>79 DI82 D<07F8201FFEE03C07E07801E07000E0F000E0F0 -0060F00060F80000FE0000FFE0007FFE003FFF003FFF800FFFC007FFE0007FE00003F00001F000 -00F0C000F0C000F0C000E0E000E0F001C0FC03C0EFFF0083FC00141C7D9B1B>I<7FFFFFE07FFF -FFE0781F81E0701F80E0601F8060E01F8070C01F8030C01F8030C01F8030C01F8030001F800000 -1F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000 -001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F800007FFFE0007FFFE001C1C7E9B21>II<7FFE -1FFE007FFE1FFE0007F001800003F803800001FC07000000FC06000000FE0C0000007F1C000000 -3F380000003FB00000001FE00000000FE00000000FE000000007F000000003F800000007F80000 -000FFC0000000CFE000000187E000000387F000000703F800000601F800000C01FC00001C00FE0 -00018007F000030007F000FFF03FFF80FFF03FFF80211C7F9B24>88 D<0FF8001C1E003E0F803E -07803E07C01C07C00007C0007FC007E7C01F07C03C07C07C07C0F807C0F807C0F807C0780BC03E -13F80FE1F815127F9117>97 D<03FC000E0E001C1F003C1F00781F00780E00F80000F80000F800 -00F80000F80000F800007800007801803C01801C03000E0E0003F80011127E9115>99 -D<000FF0000FF00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F001F9F00F07 -F01C03F03C01F07801F07801F0F801F0F801F0F801F0F801F0F801F0F801F07801F07801F03C01 -F01C03F00F0FFE03F9FE171D7E9C1B>I<01FC000F07001C03803C01C07801C07801E0F801E0F8 -01E0FFFFE0F80000F80000F800007800007C00603C00601E00C00F038001FC0013127F9116>I< -03F8F00E0F381E0F381C07303C07803C07803C07803C07801C07001E0F000E0E001BF800100000 -1800001800001FFF001FFFC00FFFE01FFFF07801F8F00078F00078F000787000707800F01E03C0 -07FF00151B7F9118>103 DI<1E003F003F003F003F001E -00000000000000000000000000FF00FF001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F00 -1F001F001F00FFE0FFE00B1E7F9D0E>I108 D110 D<01FC000F07801C01C0 -3C01E07800F07800F0F800F8F800F8F800F8F800F8F800F8F800F87800F07800F03C01E01E03C0 -0F078001FC0015127F9118>II114 D<1FD830786018E018E018F000FF807FE07FF01FF807FC007CC01CC01CE01CE018F830 -CFC00E127E9113>I<0300030003000300070007000F000F003FFCFFFC1F001F001F001F001F00 -1F001F001F001F001F0C1F0C1F0C1F0C0F08079803F00E1A7F9913>I118 DII123 D E /FH 11 121 df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df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df<007E1F0001C1B1800303E3C00703C3C00E03C1800E01C0000E01C0000E01 -C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C000FFFFFC000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E -01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C000 -0E01C0007F87FC001A1D809C18>11 D<007E0001C1800301800703C00E03C00E01800E00000E00 -000E00000E00000E0000FFFFC00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01 -C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C07F87F8151D809C17>I<007FC001C1C003 -03C00703C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0FFFFC00E01C00E01C00E01C00E -01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C07F -CFF8151D809C17>I<003F07E00001C09C18000380F018000701F03C000E01E03C000E00E01800 -0E00E000000E00E000000E00E000000E00E000000E00E00000FFFFFFFC000E00E01C000E00E01C -000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E0 -1C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C007FC7FCFF80211D -809C23>I<6060F0F0F8F86868080808080808101010102020404080800D0C7F9C15>34 -D<0080008007E01898308460824081C087C08FC08FC086E080F0807E803FC01FF00FF803FC00BE -008E00876087F083F083E0838082408240842088189007E00080008010217E9E15>36 -D<60F0F8680808081010204080050C7C9C0C>39 D<004000800100020006000C000C0018001800 -300030007000600060006000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000600060 -006000700030003000180018000C000C00060002000100008000400A2A7D9E10>I<8000400020 -00100018000C000C000600060003000300038001800180018001C001C001C001C001C001C001C0 -01C001C001C001C001C0018001800180038003000300060006000C000C00180010002000400080 -000A2A7E9E10>I<00060000000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000000600 -000006000000060000000600000006000000060000FFFFFFE0FFFFFFE000060000000600000006 -000000060000000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000000600000006000000 -0600001B1C7E9720>43 D<60F0F0701010101020204080040C7C830C>I -I<60F0F06004047C830C>I<00030003000700060006000E000C001C0018001800380030003000 -700060006000E000C000C001C001800380030003000700060006000E000C000C001C0018001800 -38003000700060006000E000C000C00010297E9E15>I<03C00C301818300C300C700E60066006 -E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E00760066006700E300C300C18180C -3007E0101D7E9B15>I<030007003F00C700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007 -00070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000F80FFF80D1C7C9B15>I<07C0183020 -1C400C400EF00FF80FF807F8077007000F000E000E001C001C00380070006000C0018003000601 -0C01180110023FFE7FFEFFFE101C7E9B15>I<07E01830201C201C781E780E781E381E001C001C -00180030006007E00030001C001C000E000F000F700FF80FF80FF80FF00E401C201C183007E010 -1D7E9B15>I<000C00000C00001C00003C00003C00005C0000DC00009C00011C00031C00021C00 -041C000C1C00081C00101C00301C00201C00401C00C01C00FFFFC0001C00001C00001C00001C00 -001C00001C00001C0001FFC0121C7F9B15>I<300C3FF83FF03FC0200020002000200020002000 -23E024302818301C200E000E000F000F000F600FF00FF00FF00F800E401E401C2038187007C010 -1D7E9B15>I<00F0030C06040C0E181E301E300C700070006000E3E0E430E818F00CF00EE006E0 -07E007E007E007E007600760077006300E300C18180C3003E0101D7E9B15>I<4000007FFF807F -FF007FFF0040020080040080040080080000100000100000200000600000400000C00000C00001 -C00001800001800003800003800003800003800007800007800007800007800007800007800003 -0000111D7E9B15>I<03E00C301008200C20066006600660067006780C3E083FB01FE007F007F8 -18FC307E601E600FC007C003C003C003C00360026004300C1C1007E0101D7E9B15>I<03C00C30 -1818300C700C600EE006E006E007E007E007E007E0076007700F300F18170C2707C70006000600 -0E300C780C78187010203030C00F80101D7E9B15>I<60F0F0600000000000000000000060F0F0 -6004127C910C>I<60F0F0600000000000000000000060F0F0701010101020204080041A7C910C> -I<7FFFFFC0FFFFFFE0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 -0000FFFFFFE07FFFFFC01B0C7E8F20>61 D<000600000006000000060000000F0000000F000000 -0F00000017800000178000001780000023C0000023C0000023C0000041E0000041E0000041E000 -0080F0000080F0000180F8000100780001FFF80003007C0002003C0002003C0006003E0004001E -0004001E000C001F001E001F00FF80FFF01C1D7F9C1F>65 DI<00 -1F808000E0618001801980070007800E0003801C0003801C000180380001807800008078000080 -70000080F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000700000 -807800008078000080380000801C0001001C0001000E000200070004000180080000E03000001F -C000191E7E9C1E>IIII<001F -808000E0618001801980070007800E0003801C0003801C00018038000180780000807800008070 -000080F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F000FFF0F0000F8070000780 -7800078078000780380007801C0007801C0007800E00078007000B800180118000E06080001F80 -001C1E7E9C21>III<1FFF00F800 -780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800787078 -F878F878F878F0F040E021C01F00101D7F9B15>IIIII<003F800000E0E0000380 -380007001C000E000E001C0007003C00078038000380780003C0780003C0700001C0F00001E0F0 -0001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0700001C0780003C0780003C0 -380003803C0007801C0007000E000E0007001C000380380000E0E000003F80001B1E7E9C20>I< -FFFF800F00E00F00780F003C0F001C0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001E0F001C0F003C0F0078 -0F00E00FFF800F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F0000 -0F0000FFF000171C7E9B1C>I82 D<07E0801C1980300580700380600180E00180E0 -0080E00080E00080F00000F800007C00007FC0003FF8001FFE0007FF0000FF80000F800007C000 -03C00001C08001C08001C08001C0C00180C00180E00300D00200CC0C0083F800121E7E9C17>I< -7FFFFFC0700F01C0600F00C0400F0040400F0040C00F0020800F0020800F0020800F0020000F00 -00000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F -0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000001F800003FFFC001B1C7F9B1E ->IIII<7FF0FFC00FC03E000780180003C0180003E0100001E0200001F0600000 -F0400000788000007D8000003D0000001E0000001F0000000F0000000F8000000F80000013C000 -0023E0000021E0000041F00000C0F8000080780001007C0003003C0002001E0006001F001F003F -80FFC0FFF01C1C7F9B1F>II<7FFFF07C01F07001E06003C06003C0400780400F80400F0040 -1E00001E00003C00007C0000780000F00000F00001E00003E00003C0100780100780100F00101F -00301E00203C00203C00607800E0F803E0FFFFE0141C7E9B19>I<080810102020404040408080 -80808080B0B0F8F8787830300D0C7A9C15>92 D<0810204040808080B0F87830050C7D9C0C>96 -D<1FC000307000783800781C00301C00001C00001C0001FC000F1C00381C00701C00601C00E01C -40E01C40E01C40603C40304E801F870012127E9115>II< -07E00C301878307870306000E000E000E000E000E000E00060007004300418080C3007C00E127E -9112>I<003F0000070000070000070000070000070000070000070000070000070000070003E7 -000C1700180F00300700700700600700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E007006007007007 -00300700180F000C370007C7E0131D7E9C17>I<03E00C301818300C700E6006E006FFFEE000E0 -00E000E00060007002300218040C1803E00F127F9112>I<00F8018C071E061E0E0C0E000E000E -000E000E000E00FFE00E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E00 -0E007FE00F1D809C0D>I<00038003C4C00C38C01C3880181800381C00381C00381C00381C0018 -18001C38000C300013C0001000003000001800001FF8001FFF001FFF803003806001C0C000C0C0 -00C0C000C06001803003001C0E0007F800121C7F9215>I -I<18003C003C0018000000000000000000000000000000FC001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00 -1C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00FF80091D7F9C0C>I<00C001E001E000C000000000 -000000000000000000000FE000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000 -E000E000E000E000E000E000E060E0F0C0F1C061803E000B25839C0D>IIIII<03F0000E -1C00180600300300700380600180E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C060018070038030 -03001806000E1C0003F00012127F9115>II<03C1000C3300180B00300F007007 -00700700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700600700700700300F00180F000C370007C7 -00000700000700000700000700000700000700000700003FE0131A7E9116>II<1F9030 -704030C010C010E010F8007F803FE00FF000F880388018C018C018E010D0608FC00D127F9110> -I<04000400040004000C000C001C003C00FFE01C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C10 -1C101C101C101C100C100E2003C00C1A7F9910>IIII<7F8FF00F03800F0300070200 -03840001C80001D80000F00000700000780000F800009C00010E00020E000607000403801E07C0 -FF0FF81512809116>II<7FFC70386038407040F040E041C003C0038007000F04 -0E041C043C0C380870087038FFF80E127F9112>III E /FK 11 117 df<00000003FFF0000000000000007FFFFF80000000000003FFFFFFF0 -00000000000FFFFFFFFC00000000003FFF807FFF0000000000FFF80007FFC000000003FFE00001 -FFF000000007FFC00000FFF80000000FFF0000003FFC0000001FFE0000001FFE0000003FFC0000 -000FFF0000007FFC0000000FFF800000FFF800000007FFC00001FFF000000003FFE00003FFF000 -000003FFF00003FFE000000001FFF00007FFE000000001FFF80007FFC000000000FFF8000FFFC0 -00000000FFFC000FFFC000000000FFFC001FFF80000000007FFE001FFF80000000007FFE003FFF -80000000007FFF003FFF80000000007FFF003FFF80000000007FFF007FFF00000000003FFF807F -FF00000000003FFF807FFF00000000003FFF807FFF00000000003FFF807FFF00000000003FFF80 -FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFF -C0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003F -FFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF0000000000 -3FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC07FFF00000000003FFF807FFF00000000 -003FFF807FFF80000000007FFF807FFF80000000007FFF803FFF80000000007FFF003FFF800000 -00007FFF003FFF80000000007FFF001FFFC000000000FFFE001FFFC000000000FFFE001FFFC000 -000000FFFE000FFFE000000001FFFC000FFFE000000001FFFC0007FFE000000001FFF80003FFF0 -00000003FFF00003FFF800000007FFF00001FFF800000007FFE00000FFFC0000000FFFC000007F -FE0000001FFF8000007FFF0000003FFF8000003FFF8000007FFF0000000FFFC00000FFFC000000 -07FFF00003FFF800000003FFFC000FFFF000000000FFFF807FFFC0000000007FFFFFFFFF800000 -00000FFFFFFFFC000000000003FFFFFFF00000000000007FFFFF8000000000000003FFF0000000 -004A4979C759>79 D85 D<0007FFFC000000007FFF -FFC0000001FFFFFFF8000003FFFFFFFE000007FE001FFF000007FF0003FFC0000FFF8001FFE000 -0FFF8000FFF0000FFF80007FF0000FFF80007FF8000FFF80007FF80007FF00003FFC0007FF0000 -3FFC0003FE00003FFC0000F800003FFC00000000003FFC00000000003FFC00000000003FFC0000 -0000003FFC00000007FFFFFC000000FFFFFFFC000007FFFFFFFC00003FFFE03FFC0000FFFE003F -FC0003FFF0003FFC0007FFC0003FFC000FFF00003FFC001FFE00003FFC003FFC00003FFC007FF8 -00003FFC007FF800003FFC00FFF000003FFC00FFF000003FFC00FFF000003FFC00FFF000003FFC -00FFF000003FFC00FFF000007FFC007FF80000FFFC007FF80001EFFC003FFC0003EFFC003FFF00 -07CFFF000FFFC03F8FFFF807FFFFFF07FFFC01FFFFFC03FFFC007FFFF001FFFC0003FF80007FF8 -362E7DAD3A>97 D<00001FFE00000001FFFFE0000007FFFFF800001FFFFFFE00007FFC07FF0000 -FFE001FF8001FFC0007FC003FF80003FE007FF00003FF00FFE00001FF01FFE00000FF81FFC0000 -0FF83FFC00000FFC3FFC000007FC7FFC000007FC7FF8000007FC7FF8000007FE7FF8000007FEFF -F8000007FEFFF8000007FEFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFFFFFCFFF80000 -0000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF8000000007FF8000000007FF8000000007FFC000000003F -FC000000003FFC000000003FFC0000001C1FFE0000003E0FFE0000003E07FF0000007E07FF0000 -00FC03FF800001F801FFC00003F0007FF0001FE0003FFE00FFC0001FFFFFFF800007FFFFFE0000 -00FFFFF80000000FFF80002F2E7DAD36>101 D<00FC0001FF0003FF8007FFC00FFFC01FFFE01F -FFE01FFFE01FFFE01FFFE01FFFE00FFFC007FFC003FF8001FF0000FC0000000000000000000000 -0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007FC0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0FF -FFC003FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001 -FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001 -FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF -FFFFFFFFFF18497CC820>105 D<007FC001FFC00000FFFFC00FFFF80000FFFFC03FFFFE0000FF -FFC0FFFFFF0000FFFFC1FC07FF8000FFFFC3E003FFC00003FFC7C001FFC00001FFCF0001FFE000 -01FFDE0000FFE00001FFDC0000FFE00001FFFC0000FFF00001FFF80000FFF00001FFF00000FFF0 -0001FFF00000FFF00001FFF00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FF -F00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000 -FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE000 -00FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE0 -0000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FF -E00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF000FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0FF -FFFFC07FFFFFE0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03B2E7CAD42>110 -D<00000FFF0000000000FFFFF000000007FFFFFE0000001FFFFFFF8000003FFC03FFC00000FFE0 -007FF00001FF80001FF80003FF00000FFC0007FE000007FE000FFE000007FF000FFC000003FF00 -1FFC000003FF803FFC000003FFC03FF8000001FFC03FF8000001FFC07FF8000001FFE07FF80000 -01FFE07FF8000001FFE0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FF -F8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001 -FFF07FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FFE03FFC000003FFC03FFC -000003FFC01FFC000003FF801FFE000007FF800FFE000007FF0007FF00000FFE0003FF80001FFC -0001FFC0003FF80000FFE0007FF000007FFC03FFE000001FFFFFFF80000007FFFFFE00000000FF -FFF0000000000FFF000000342E7DAD3B>I<007FC00FFC000000FFFFC07FFFC00000FFFFC3FFFF -F00000FFFFCFFFFFFC0000FFFFDFF01FFF0000FFFFFF8007FF800003FFFE0001FFC00001FFF800 -00FFE00001FFF00000FFF00001FFE000007FF80001FFE000003FFC0001FFE000003FFC0001FFE0 -00003FFE0001FFE000001FFE0001FFE000001FFF0001FFE000001FFF0001FFE000001FFF0001FF -E000000FFF0001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001 -FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF80 -01FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF0001FFE000001FFF0001FFE000001FFF0001FFE000001FFE -0001FFE000001FFE0001FFE000003FFC0001FFE000003FFC0001FFE000007FF80001FFF000007F -F80001FFF80000FFF00001FFFC0001FFE00001FFFE0003FFC00001FFFF0007FF800001FFFFE03F -FE000001FFEFFFFFFC000001FFE3FFFFF0000001FFE0FFFF80000001FFE01FF800000001FFE000 -0000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0 -000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FF -E0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE00000000000FF -FFFFC000000000FFFFFFC000000000FFFFFFC000000000FFFFFFC000000000FFFFFFC000000000 -39427CAD42>I<00FF803F8000FFFF80FFF000FFFF83FFFC00FFFF87FFFE00FFFF8FC3FF00FFFF -8F07FF0003FF9E0FFF8001FFBC0FFF8001FFB80FFF8001FFF80FFF8001FFF00FFF8001FFF007FF -0001FFF007FF0001FFE003FE0001FFE000F80001FFE000000001FFE000000001FFC000000001FF -C000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC00000 -0001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FF -C000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC00000 -0001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC0000000FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE00000FFFF -FFE00000FFFFFFE00000292E7CAD31>114 D<000FFF00E0007FFFF3E001FFFFFFE007FFFFFFE0 -0FF800FFE01FC0001FE03F80000FE03F000007E07F000003E07F000003E0FF000003E0FF000003 -E0FF800003E0FFC0000000FFF0000000FFFE000000FFFFF800007FFFFFC0007FFFFFF0003FFFFF -FC001FFFFFFF000FFFFFFF8007FFFFFFC003FFFFFFE000FFFFFFF0003FFFFFF00003FFFFF80000 -1FFFF8000000FFFC0000001FFC7800000FFCF8000007FCF8000003FCFC000003FCFC000003FCFE -000003F8FE000003F8FF000003F8FF800007F0FFC0000FF0FFF0001FE0FFFC00FFC0FFFFFFFF80 -FC7FFFFE00F81FFFF800E003FF8000262E7CAD2F>I<0001F000000001F000000001F000000001 -F000000001F000000001F000000003F000000003F000000003F000000007F000000007F0000000 -07F00000000FF00000000FF00000001FF00000003FF00000003FF00000007FF0000001FFF00000 -03FFF000000FFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC000FFF0000000FFF000 -0000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0 -000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FF -F0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF001F000FFF001F000 -FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F0007FF001E0 -007FF803E0003FF803E0003FFC07C0001FFE0F80000FFFFF800007FFFE000001FFFC0000001FF0 -0024427EC12E>I E end -%%EndProlog -%%BeginSetup -%%Feature: *Resolution 300dpi -TeXDict begin - -%%EndSetup -%%Page: 51 1 -51 0 bop 1908 50 a FJ(51)150 542 y Fx(Chapter)34 b(2)150 785 -y FK(User)40 b(Op)s(erations)150 1037 y FJ(This)19 b(c)o(hapter)h(describ)q -(es)h(all)d(PDP{10)h(instructions)h(that)f(are)g(generally)g(a)o(v)n(ailable) -e(to)i(the)h(user.)34 b(It)20 b(also)150 1087 y(de\014nes)14 -b(the)f(t)o(yp)q(es)g(of)e(In{Out)i(instructions)g(but)g(do)q(es)g(not)f -(discuss)h(their)g(e\013ects)h(when)f(they)g(address)g(sp)q(eci\014c)150 -1137 y(in)o(ternal)f(system)g(elemen)o(ts)g(or)g(p)q(eripheral)g(devices.)19 -b(In)12 b(the)h(description)f(of)g(eac)o(h)g(instruction,)h(the)g(mnemonic) -150 1187 y(and)i(name)f(are)i(at)f(the)h(top)g(and)f(the)h(format)d(is)j(in)e -(a)i(b)q(o)o(x)f(b)q(elo)o(w)g(them.)21 b(The)16 b(mnemonic)d(assem)o(bles)i -(to)g(the)150 1236 y(w)o(ord)g(in)g(the)i(b)q(o)o(x,)e(where)h(bits)g(in)f -(those)h(parts)g(of)f(the)h(w)o(ord)g(represen)o(ted)i(b)o(y)d(letters)i -(assem)o(ble)e(as)h(0s.)23 b(The)150 1286 y(letters)18 b(indicate)g(p)q -(ortions)f(that)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(added)f(to)g(the)h(mnemonic)d(to)i(pro)q -(duce)h(a)f(complete)g(instruction)150 1336 y(w)o(ord.)j(F)m(or)14 -b(extended)i(instructions,)f(the)g(mnemonic)d(giv)o(en)i(actually)g(assem)o -(bles)g(to)g(the)h(w)o(ord)g(sho)o(wn)f(in)g(the)150 1386 y(second)j(format)e -(b)q(o)o(x;)i(the)f(\014rst)i(b)q(o)o(x)d(sho)o(ws)i(the)g(con\014guration)f -(of)g(the)g FC(EXTEND)h FJ(itself.)25 b(The)16 b(programmer)150 -1436 y(m)o(ust)d(write)i(the)f FC(EXTEND)g FJ(and)g(arrange)h(that)f(its)g -(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)j(con)o(tains)d(the)h(listed)f(mnemonic;)d(most)150 -1485 y(often)j(this)g(is)g(accomplished)f(b)o(y)g(writing)g(the)i(mnemonic)c -(in)j(a)f(literal.)150 1571 y(F)m(or)g(man)o(y)e(of)h(the)i(non{IO)f -(instructions,)g(a)g(description)g(applies)g(not)g(to)g(a)g(unique)g -(instruction)g(with)g(a)f(single)150 1621 y(co)q(de)i(in)e(bits)h(0{8,)e(but) -i(rather)h(to)f(an)f(instruction)h(set)h(de\014ned)g(as)f(a)f(basic)h -(instruction)g(that)g(can)g(b)q(e)g(executed)150 1671 y(in)f(a)f(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)h(of)f(mo)q(des.)17 b(These)c(mo)q(des)e(de\014ne)i(prop)q(erties)h -(subsidiary)e(to)g(the)g(basic)h(op)q(eration;)f(e.g.,)f(in)g(data)150 -1720 y(transmission)16 b(the)i(mo)q(de)e(sp)q(eci\014es)j(whic)o(h)f(of)e -(the)i(lo)q(cations)f(addressed)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(instruction)g(is)f(the)h -(source)150 1770 y(and)e(whic)o(h)h(the)g(destination)f(of)g(the)h(data;)g -(in)f(test)h(instructions)g(it)f(sp)q(eci\014es)j(the)e(condition)e(that)i(m) -o(ust)e(b)q(e)150 1820 y(satis\014ed)i(for)f(a)h(jump)e(or)h(skip)h(to)f(tak) -o(e)h(place.)26 b(The)17 b(mnemonic)d(giv)o(en)i(at)g(the)i(top)e(is)g(for)h -(the)g(basic)f(mo)q(de;)150 1870 y(mnemonics)c(for)h(the)i(other)g(forms)d -(of)i(the)g(instruction)h(are)f(pro)q(duced)h(b)o(y)f(app)q(ending)g(letters) -h(directly)g(to)e(the)150 1920 y(basic)k(mnemonic.)24 b(Letters)19 -b(represen)o(ting)f(mo)q(des)e(are)i(su\016xes)f(whic)o(h)g(pro)q(duce)h(new) -f(mnemonics)e(that)i(are)150 1969 y(recognized)j(as)e(distinct)h(sym)o(b)q -(ols)e(b)o(y)h(the)h(assem)o(bler.)31 b(F)m(ollo)o(wing)16 -b(the)j(description)g(is)f(a)g(table)g(giving)f(the)150 2019 -y(mnemonics)12 b(and)h(o)q(ctal)h(co)q(des)h(\(bits)f(0{8\))f(for)h(the)g(v)n -(arious)g(mo)q(des.)150 2105 y(Most)e(of)e(the)i(non{IO)f(instructions)h(can) -g(address)g(an)f(accum)o(ulator,)f(and)h(in)g(the)h(b)q(o)o(x)f(sho)o(wing)g -(the)g(format)f(this)150 2155 y(address)i(is)f(represen)o(ted)j(b)o(y)d -FE(A)p FJ(;)f(in)h(the)g(description,)h(\\A)o(C")e(refers)j(to)e(the)g(accum) -o(ulator)f(addressed)j(b)o(y)d FE(A)p FJ(.)17 b(\\A)o(C)150 -2204 y(left")d(and)g(\\A)o(C)g(righ)o(t")g(refer)h(to)f(the)h(t)o(w)o(o)f -(halv)o(es)g(of)g(A)o(C;)g(sometimes)e(these)k(are)f(written)g(as)f(A)o(C) -1734 2210 y Fs(L)1771 2204 y FJ(and)g(A)o(C)1912 2210 y Fs(R)1938 -2204 y FJ(,)150 2254 y(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)23 b(If)14 b(an)h(instruction)h -(uses)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(or)g(more)f(accum)o(ulators,)g(these)i(ha)o(v)o(e)f -(addresses)i FE(A)p FJ(,)e FE(A)p FJ(+1,)g FE(A)p FJ(+2,)150 -2304 y(etc.,)e(whic)o(h)g(are)g(in)o(terpreted)h(mo)q(dulo)d(20)827 -2310 y Fs(8)845 2304 y FJ(;)i(e.g.,)f FE(A)p FJ(+1)g(is)h(0)f(when)i -FE(A)e FJ(is)h(17.)k(A)c(pair)f(of)g(accum)o(ulators)g(holding)150 -2354 y(a)j(double)f(w)o(ord)h(is)g(referred)h(to)f(as)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)21 -b(In)15 b(the)h(text,)f(the)g(v)n(arious)f(accum)o(ulators)g(are)i(referred)g -(to)f(as)150 2404 y(A)o(C,)g(A)o(C+1,)g(and)g(so)g(forth.)22 -b(In)16 b(some)e(cases)j(an)e(instruction)g(uses)i(an)e(accum)o(ulator)f -(only)g(if)h FE(A)g FJ(is)g(non{zero:)150 2454 y(in)e(suc)o(h)i(cases)g(a)f -(zero)h(address)g(in)e(bits)h(9{12)f(sp)q(eci\014es)j(no)d(accum)o(ulator.) -150 2539 y(In)20 b(a)g(description,)h FE(E)26 b FJ(refers)21 -b(to)f(the)g(e\013ectiv)o(e{address,)k(half{w)o(ord)19 b(op)q(erand,)i(mask,) -f(o\013set,)i(conditions,)150 2589 y(shift)17 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)h(or)f -(scale)i(factor)e(calculated)h(from)e(the)i FE(I)7 b FJ(,)17 -b FE(X)7 b FJ(,)16 b(and)i FE(Y)25 b FJ(parts)19 b(of)e(the)h(instruction)g -(w)o(ord.)29 b(In)p eop -%%Page: 52 2 -52 1 bop 0 50 a FJ(52)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(an)19 b(instruction)h(that)f(ordinarily)f -(references)k(memory)m(,)c(a)h(reference)i(to)f FE(E)k FJ(as)c(the)f(source)i -(of)e(information)0 245 y(means)12 b(that)h(the)g(instruction)g(retriev)o(es) -h(the)g(w)o(ord)e(con)o(tained)h(in)f(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)5 -b FJ(;)12 b(as)h(a)g(destination)f(it)g(means)g(the)0 295 y(instruction)k -(stores)g(a)f(w)o(ord)g(in)g(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)5 b FJ(.)15 -b(In)g(the)h(imm)o(ediate)d(mo)q(de)h(of)h(these)i(instructions,)f(the)g -(e\013ectiv)o(e)0 345 y(half{w)o(ord)d(op)q(erand)i(is)g(usually)e(treated)j -(as)f(a)f(full)f(w)o(ord)i(that)f(con)o(tains)h FE(E)20 b FJ(in)14 -b(one)g(half)g(and)g(0)h(in)f(the)h(other,)0 394 y(and)f(is)g(represen)o(ted) -j(either)e(as)f(0)p Fz(;)7 b(E)15 b FJ(or)g Fz(E)r(;)7 b FJ(0)13 -b(dep)q(ending)i(up)q(on)f(whether)h FE(E)20 b FJ(is)14 b(in)f(the)i(righ)o -(t{)e(or)i(left{half.)i(In)0 444 y(extended)h(instructions,)f -FE(E0)22 b FJ(and)17 b FE(E1)22 b FJ(refer)17 b(to)g(the)g(results)g(of)f -(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)i(calculations)c(for)h(the)0 -494 y(\014rst)e(and)f(second)h(instruction)g(w)o(ords.)k Fz(E)674 -500 y Fs(R)713 494 y FJ(refers)c(to)g(the)f(righ)o(t)g(eigh)o(teen)h(bits)f -(of)g(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)h(\(i.e.,)0 544 y(the)f(in{section)g -(part\),)g(but,)g(in)f(a)h(mac)o(hine)e(lac)o(king)h(extended)j(addressing,)e -Fz(E)1280 550 y Fs(R)1319 544 y FJ(is)g(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(to)h -FE(E)5 b FJ(.)0 629 y(A)18 b(reference)i(to)d(\\lo)q(cation)g -Fz(E)r(;)7 b(E)13 b FJ(+)f(1")17 b(means)g(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)h -(t)o(w)o(o)g(lo)q(cations)f(are)h(used)g(together)h(as)0 679 -y(a)d(double)g(w)o(ord,)g(suc)o(h)h(as)f(a)g(double{length)g(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er.)24 b(If)16 b(the)h(program)d(is)j(running)e(in)h(section)h(zero)g(or)f -(the)0 729 y(instruction)e(giv)o(es)g(a)g(lo)q(cal)g(address,)h(the)f -(addresses)j(wrap)d(around)g(so)g(that,)g(when)g FE(E)20 b -FJ(is)14 b(777777,)e Fz(E)f FJ(+)f(1)k(is)g(0;)0 779 y(if)g(the)h(program)d -(is)j(running)f(in)g(a)g(non{zero)h(section)g(and)f(the)h(instruction)f(giv)o -(es)h(a)f(global)e(address)k(in)e(whic)o(h)0 829 y Fz(E)31 -835 y Fs(R)73 829 y FJ(con)o(tains)j(777777,)e Fz(E)e FJ(+)e(1)17 -b(adv)n(ances)g(to)f(address)i(0)e(in)h(the)g(next)g(section.)27 -b(This)16 b(extends)i(in)e(analogous)0 878 y(fashion)d(to)h(instructions)h -(with)e(three{)i(and)f(four{w)o(ord)f(op)q(erands.)19 b(\(In)14 -b(con)o(trast)h(to)f(addressing)h(consecutiv)o(e)0 928 y(accum)o(ulators)e -(with)g(the)i FE(A)f FJ(\014eld)g(of)f(an)g(instruction,)h(when)h -Fz(E)g FJ(is)f(17,)f Fz(E)e FJ(+)f(1)j(is)h(20.\))687 1049 -y FF(Please)k(Read)h(This)104 1140 y FJ(The)10 b(calculation)f(of)h -FE(E)15 b FJ(is)10 b(the)h(\014rst)g(step)g(in)f(the)g(execution)h(of)f(ev)o -(ery)h(instruction.)17 b(No)10 b(other)h(action)104 1190 y(tak)o(en)17 -b(b)o(y)g(an)o(y)g(instruction,)h(no)f(matter)g(what)g(it)g(is,)g(can)h(p)q -(ossibly)f(precede)i(that)f(calculation.)104 1240 y(There)d(is)f(absolutely)f -(nothing)g(whatso)q(ev)o(er)j(that)e(an)o(y)f(instruction)h(can)h(do)e(to)h -(an)o(y)g(accum)o(ulator)104 1290 y(or)g(memory)d(lo)q(cation)i(that)h(can)g -(in)f(an)o(y)h(w)o(a)o(y)f(a\013ect)i(its)f(o)o(wn)f(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)k -(calculation.)0 1444 y(The)12 b(instructions)g(are)g(describ)q(ed)i(in)d -(terms)g(of)g(their)h(o)o(v)o(ert)g(e\013ects)i(as)d(seen)i(b)o(y)f(the)g -(user)h(in)e(a)g(normal)f(program)0 1493 y(situation)j(and)g(on)g(the)h -(assumption)e(that)i(nothing)e(is)i(amiss|the)e(program)g(is)h(not)g -(attempting)f(to)h(reference)0 1543 y(a)g(memory)d(that)j(do)q(es)h(not)f -(exist)g(or)g(to)g(write)g(in)g(a)f(protected)j(area)e(of)g(memory)m(.)h(In)f -(general,)g(all)f(descriptions)0 1593 y(apply)j(equally)f(w)o(ell)h(to)g(op)q -(eration)h(in)f(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de.)22 b(F)m(or)15 b(completeness,)h(the) -g(e\013ects)i(of)c(restrictions)j(on)0 1643 y(certain)f(instructions)f(are)h -(noted,)f(as)g(are)g(the)h(e\013ects)h(of)d(executing)i(instructions)g(in)e -(sp)q(ecial)i(circumstances.)0 1693 y(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)f(the)g(reader)h(m)o -(ust)d(lo)q(ok)h(elsewhere)j(for)d(the)h(details)f(of)g(programming)d(in)k -(suc)o(h)g(sp)q(ecial)g(situations.)0 1743 y(In)i(particular,)g -FH(x)q FJ(2.9.6)e(discusses)k(trapping,)e FH(x)p FJ(2.19)f(explains)h(the)g -(restrictions)i(on)d(user)i(programming,)c(and)0 1792 y(c)o(hapters)j(3)f -(and)g(4)f(describ)q(e)j(the)f(sp)q(ecial)f(e\013ects)i(and)e(restrictions)h -(asso)q(ciated)g(with)e(system)h(op)q(erations)g(in)0 1842 -y(the)e(v)n(arious)g(pro)q(cessors.)0 1928 y(Implicit)c(in)h(the)h(execution) -h(of)e(an)g(instruction)h(are)g(side)h(e\013ects)g(not)f(o)o(v)o(ertly)f -(visible)g(to)h(the)g(user.)19 b(Side)11 b(e\013ects,)0 1978 -y(whic)o(h)i(v)n(ary)g(with)g(di\013eren)o(t)h(pro)q(cessors,)h(include)f(c)o -(hanges)f(to)h(the)f(system's)g(in)o(ternal)g(state)h(that)g(result)g(from)0 -2027 y(the)k(normal)d(activities)h(of)h(reading)f(and)h(writing)g(memory)m(.) -24 b(F)m(or)17 b(example,)f(in)g(some)g(pro)q(cessors)j(the)f(cac)o(he)0 -2077 y(memory)m(,)7 b(the)k(pager)f(translation)f(bu\013er,)i(and)e(the)i -(page)f(tables)g(are)g(part)g(of)f(the)h(system's)g(state)h(\(the)f(pro)q -(cessor)0 2127 y(and)j(the)h(op)q(erating)f(system\),)g(not)g(visible)g(to)g -(the)h(user,)g(whic)o(h)f(c)o(hange)h(with)f(the)h(user)g(program's)e -(references)0 2177 y(to)g(memory)m(.)j(These)e(side)g(e\013ects)i(are)d -(generally)g(in)g(the)h(pro)o(vince)g(of)f(programmers)e(who)i(write)h(the)g -(op)q(erating)0 2227 y(systems;)h(c)o(hapters)h(3)e(and)h(4)g(describ)q(e)h -(the)g(sp)q(ecial)f(e\013ects)i(of)d(instructions)i(in)e(the)i(v)n(arious)e -(pro)q(cessors.)0 2312 y(T)m(o)18 b(minim)o(i)o(ze)f(pro)q(cessor)j -(execution)f(time,)f(the)h(programmer)d(should)i(minim)o(ize)e(the)j(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)f(of)f(memory)0 2362 y(references)i(and)d(iterativ)o(e)h(op)q -(erations.)25 b(When)17 b(there)g(is)g(a)f(c)o(hoice)g(of)g(actions)h(to)f(b) -q(e)h(tak)o(en)f(on)g(the)h(basis)g(of)0 2412 y(some)10 b(test,)h(the)g -(conditions)g(tested)h(should)e(b)q(e)h(set)h(up)e(so)h(that)f(the)h(action)g -(whic)o(h)f(results)i(most)d(often)h(tak)o(es)h(the)0 2462 -y(least)i(time.)k(There)d(are)g(also)e(v)n(arious)h(subtleties)h(that)g -(a\013ect)g(timing)d(\(suc)o(h)j(as)f(the)h(nature)g(of)e(the)i(arithmetic)0 -2511 y(algorithms\),)e(but)i(these)i(are)f(generally)e(not)i(w)o(orth)f -(considering)g(except)i(in)e(v)o(ery)g(sp)q(ecial)h(circumstances)g(\(to)0 -2561 y(determine)f(the)g(e\013ect)i(often)e(tak)o(es)g(longer)g(than)g(the)g -(time)f(sa)o(v)o(ed\).)p eop -%%Page: 53 3 -53 2 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.1.)31 b(FULL{W)o(ORD)13 b(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)f -(TRANSMISSION)928 b FJ(53)150 195 y(Execution)14 b(times)f(are)h(not)g(giv)o -(en)f(with)g(the)i(instruction)f(descriptions,)g(b)q(ecause)i(the)e(time)e -(ma)o(y)g(v)n(ary)h(greatly)150 245 y(dep)q(ending)j(up)q(on)f -(circumstances.)22 b(The)16 b(time)d(dep)q(ends)k(up)q(on)e(whic)o(h)g(pro)q -(cessor)i(p)q(erforms)d(the)i(instruction,)150 295 y(on)11 -b(the)g(con\014guration)g(of)f(the)i(op)q(erands,)g(and)f(on)g(the)g(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)f(of)h(iterativ)o(e)g(steps.)18 b(The)12 b(pro)q(cessor)g(is)f -(designed)150 345 y(to)j(sa)o(v)o(e)g(time)e(wherev)o(er)k(p)q(ossible)e(b)o -(y)g(insp)q(ecting)g(the)g(op)q(erands)h(in)f(order)g(to)g(skip)g -(unnecessary)i(steps.)150 430 y(The)21 b(text)g(sometimes)e(refers)i(to)g(an) -f(instruction)h(as)f(b)q(eing)h(\\executed.")39 b(T)m(o)20 -b(\\execute")h(an)g(instruction)150 480 y(means)16 b(that)i(the)g(pro)q -(cessor)h(p)q(erforms)d(the)i(instruction)g(out)f(of)g(the)h(normal)d -(sequence;)20 b(i.e.,)d(the)h(sequence)150 530 y(de\014ned)h(b)o(y)f(the)h -(program)d(coun)o(ter)j(\(this)f(sequence)j(ma)o(y)16 b(not)i(b)q(e)g -(consecutiv)o(e,)i(as)e(when)h(a)f(skip)g(or)g(jump)150 580 -y(or)f(some)g(sp)q(ecial)g(circumstance)h(c)o(hanges)g(PC\).)g(The)f(pro)q -(cessor)j(fetc)o(hes)e(an)g(executed)h(instruction)f(from)d(a)150 -629 y(lo)q(cation)d(whose)g(address)i(is)e(supplied)h(not)f(b)o(y)g(PC)h(but) -g(rather)g(b)o(y)f(an)g(extend)i(or)e(execute)i(instruction)f(\(whose)150 -679 y(op)q(erand)g(is)g(itself)f(in)o(terpreted)j(as)e(an)f(instruction\))h -(or)g(b)o(y)g(some)f(feature)h(of)f(the)i(hardw)o(are)f(suc)o(h)g(as)g(a)g -(priorit)o(y)150 729 y(in)o(terrupt,)19 b(trap,)f(etc.)30 b(It)17 -b(is)h(assumed)f(that)g(con)o(trol)g(will)g(shortly)g(b)q(e)h(returned)h(to)f -(PC)f(at)h(the)g(lo)q(cation)e(it)150 779 y(originally)c(sp)q(eci\014ed)k(b)q -(efore)e(the)h(in)o(terruption,)f(unless)h(the)g(executed)h(instruction)f(or) -f(the)h(hardw)o(are)f(feature)150 829 y(itself)g(c)o(hanges)g(PC.)150 -914 y(Instruction)f(co)q(des)g(that)f(are)g(not)g(implemen)o(ted)e(and)i -(instructions)g(that)g(are)h(not)f(legal)e(in)i(user)h(mo)q(de)e(are)h(said) -150 964 y(to)17 b(\\trap")f(as)h(\\unassigned)g(co)q(des")h(or)f(as)f -(\\Monitor)h(UUOs")g(\(MUUOs\).)28 b(Suc)o(h)17 b(an)g(instruction)g(causes)h -(a)150 1014 y(transfer)d(of)e(con)o(trol)h(to)f(executiv)o(e)j(mo)q(de,)c(as) -i(describ)q(ed)i(in)d FH(x)p FJ(2.16.)150 1099 y(Some)h(simple)h(examples)f -(are)i(included)g(with)f(the)i(instruction)f(descriptions,)g(but)g(more)f -(complex)f(examples)150 1149 y(using)g(a)f(v)n(ariet)o(y)h(of)f(instructions) -h(are)h(giv)o(en)e(in)h FH(x)p FJ(2.15)150 1322 y FA(2.1)70 -b(F)-6 b(ull{W)g(ord)23 b(Data)g(T)-6 b(ransmission)150 1449 -y FJ(These)20 b(are)f(the)g(instructions)h(whose)f(basic)g(purp)q(ose)h(is)e -(to)h(mo)o(v)o(e)e(one)i(or)f(more)g(full)f(w)o(ords)i(of)f(data)h(from)150 -1499 y(one)e(place)g(to)g(another,)h(usually)e(from)f(an)i(accum)o(ulator)f -(to)h(a)f(memory)f(lo)q(cation)h(or)h(vice)g(v)o(ersa.)28 b(In)17 -b(a)g(few)150 1548 y(cases)i(instructions)f(ma)o(y)d(p)q(erform)i(minor)e -(arithmetic)h(op)q(erations,)i(suc)o(h)g(as)g(forming)d(the)j(negativ)o(e)f -(or)g(the)150 1598 y(magnitude)12 b(of)i(the)g(w)o(ord)g(b)q(eing)g(pro)q -(cessed.)150 1750 y FF(2.1.1)55 b(Exc)n(hange)19 b(Instruction)150 -1863 y FJ(The)13 b(presen)o(tation)h(of)e(the)h(instruction)g(set)g(b)q -(egins)g(with)g(a)f(single)g(instruction)h(that)g(simply)e(in)o(terc)o -(hanges)i(the)150 1912 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(of)e(an)h(accum)o(ulator)e(and)i(a) -g(memory)d(lo)q(cation.)p 150 2161 1495 4 v 150 2087 V 148 -2160 4 75 v 1643 2160 V 688 2160 V 729 2160 V 896 2160 V 162 -2191 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -2136 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2191 y Fq(8)p 522 2160 V 24 -w(9)591 2136 y FE(A)150 2053 y Fk(EX)n(CH)190 b(Exchange)306 -2136 y FJ(250)150 2287 y(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(lo)q -(cation)g FE(E)19 b FJ(to)14 b(A)o(C,)f(and)h(mo)o(v)o(e)e(A)o(C)i(to)g(lo)q -(cation)f FE(E)5 b FJ(.)150 2439 y FF(2.1.2)55 b(Mo)n(v)n(e)19 -b(Instruction)f(Class)150 2551 y FJ(This)c(class)g(of)g(instructions)h -(consists)g(of)e(a)h(group)g(for)g(general)g(manipulation)d(of)i(single)h(w)o -(ords)g(and)g(a)g(sp)q(ecial)150 2601 y(immediate)j(mo)q(de)h(instruction)j -(for)e(handling)f(an)i(extended)h(address.)37 b(Eac)o(h)20 -b(of)f(the)i(instructions)f(in)f(the)p eop -%%Page: 54 4 -54 3 bop 0 50 a FJ(54)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(standard)i(mo)o(v)o(e)d(group)i(handles)g(one)h(w) -o(ord,)e(whic)o(h)h(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)h(c)o(hanged)h(in)e(the)i(pro)q(cess)h -(\(e.g.,)d(its)h(t)o(w)o(o)g(halv)o(es)0 245 y(ma)o(y)c(b)q(e)j(sw)o(app)q -(ed\).)k(There)c(are)g(four)e(instructions,)i(eac)o(h)f(with)g(four)f(mo)q -(des)g(that)h(determine)g(the)h(source)g(and)0 295 y(destination)g(of)f(the)h -(w)o(ord)g(mo)o(v)o(ed.)132 469 y FE(Mo)n(de)286 b(Su\016x)114 -b(Sour)n(c)n(e)244 b(Destination)132 555 y FJ(Basic)501 b Fz(E)331 -b FJ(A)o(C)132 604 y(Immediate)187 b(I)200 b(The)15 b(w)o(ord)e(0)p -Fz(;)7 b(E)103 b FJ(A)o(C)132 654 y(Memory)231 b(M)177 b(A)o(C)302 -b Fz(E)132 704 y FJ(Self)316 b(S)192 b Fz(E)331 b(E)r FJ(,)13 -b(but)h(also)f(A)o(C)h(if)f Fz(A)h FJ(is)g(non{zero)p 0 960 -1495 4 v 0 885 V -2 958 4 75 v 1493 958 V 538 958 V 579 958 -V 746 958 V 12 990 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)548 935 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 990 y Fq(8)p 372 958 -V 24 w(9)441 935 y FE(A)0 852 y Fk(MO)n(VE)176 b(Move)114 934 -y FJ(200)p 289 958 V 306 935 a FE(M)261 990 y Fq(6)24 b(7)0 -1085 y FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)17 b(one)h(w)o(ord)f(from)f(the)i(source)h(to)f(the)g -(destination)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f FE(M)7 b FJ(.)17 b(The)h(source)g(is) -g(una\013ected,)h(the)0 1135 y(original)12 b(con)o(ten)o(ts)j(of)e(the)i -(destination)e(are)i(lost.)62 1277 y FB(MOVE)112 b FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)1316 -b(200)62 1326 y FB(MOVEI)90 b FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(Immediate)1107 -b(201)62 1376 y FB(MOVEM)90 b FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(to)g(Memory)1100 -b(202)62 1426 y FB(MOVES)90 b FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(to)g(Self)1185 -b(203)0 1510 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)18 b FC(MO)o(VEI)12 b FJ(loads)h(the)h(w)o -(ord)f(0,)p FE(E)18 b FJ(in)o(to)12 b(A)o(C.)h(If)g FE(A)g -FJ(is)g(0,)g FC(MO)o(VES)g FJ(is)g(a)g(no{op)g(in)f(the)i(sense)h(that)f(it)f -(has)g(no)0 1560 y(o)o(v)o(ert)f(e\013ect)i(on)e(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f -(memory)e(or)i(the)h(accum)o(ulators;)e(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)h -FC(MO)o(VES)g FJ(b)q(oth)g(reads)h(and)f(writes)0 1609 y(in)k(memory)m(,)d -(with)j(all)f(attendan)o(t)h(side)h(e\013ects.)27 b(If)15 b -FE(A)h FJ(is)g(non{zero,)h FC(MO)o(VES)e FJ(has)i(the)f(same)g(o)o(v)o(ert)g -(e\013ect)i(as)0 1659 y FC(MO)o(VE)13 b FJ(\(it)h(loads)f(A)o(C)h(from)e -(memory\),)f(but)j(it)g(also)f(writes)h(in)g(memory)m(.)p 0 -1910 1495 4 v 0 1836 V -2 1909 4 75 v 1493 1909 V 538 1909 -V 579 1909 V 746 1909 V 12 1940 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1886 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1940 -y Fq(8)p 372 1909 V 24 w(9)441 1886 y FE(A)0 1802 y Fk(MO)n(VS)178 -b(Move)19 b(Sw)n(app)r(ed)114 1885 y FJ(204)p 289 1909 V 306 -1886 a FE(M)261 1940 y Fq(6)24 b(7)0 2036 y FJ(In)o(terc)o(hange)14 -b(the)g(left)f(and)g(righ)o(t)g(halv)o(es)g(of)f(the)i(w)o(ord)f(from)e(the)j -(source)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e FE(M)20 b FJ(and)13 b(mo)o(v)o(e)f(it)g -(to)h(the)0 2086 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(destination.)j(The)d(source)g(is)f -(una\013ected;)h(the)f(original)e(con)o(ten)o(ts)j(of)e(the)i(destination)e -(are)i(lost.)62 2227 y FB(MOVS)112 b FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(Sw)o(app)q(ed)1141 -b(204)62 2277 y FB(MOVSI)90 b FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(Sw)o(app)q(ed)g(Immediate) -932 b(205)62 2327 y FB(MOVSM)90 b FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(Sw)o(app)q(ed)g(to)g -(Memory)925 b(206)62 2377 y FB(MOVSS)90 b FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 -b(Sw)o(app)q(ed)g(to)g(Self)1010 b(207)0 2460 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)18 -b(Sw)o(apping)13 b(halv)o(es)h(in)f(immediate)e(mo)q(de)i(loads)g(the)i(w)o -(ord)f Fz(E)r(;)7 b FJ(0)13 b(in)o(to)g(A)o(C.)p eop -%%Page: 55 5 -55 4 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.1.)31 b(FULL{W)o(ORD)13 b(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)f -(TRANSMISSION)928 b FJ(55)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 -353 4 75 v 1643 353 V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 -a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 384 y Fq(8)p 522 353 V 24 w(9)591 -330 y FE(A)150 246 y Fk(MO)n(VN)168 b(Move)19 b(Negative)264 -329 y FJ(210)p 439 353 V 456 330 a FE(M)411 384 y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 -480 y FJ(Negate)10 b(the)h(w)o(ord)f(from)e(the)i(source)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h -(b)o(y)d FE(M)17 b FJ(and)10 b(mo)o(v)o(e)e(it)i(to)f(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g -(destination.)17 b(If)9 b(the)i(source)150 530 y(w)o(ord)g(is)h(\014xed{p)q -(oin)o(t)f FH(\000)p FJ(2)556 515 y Fs(35)603 530 y FJ(\(400000)f(000000\))g -(set)i(the)h(T)m(rap)e(1,)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)h(and)f(Carry)h(1)f(\015ags.)17 -b(\(Negating)11 b(the)150 580 y(equiv)n(alen)o(t)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)g -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g FH(\000)p FJ(1)6 b FH(\002)g FJ(2)876 564 -y Fs(127)940 580 y FJ(also)12 b(sets)h(the)g(\015ags,)f(but)g(this)g(is)g -(not)h(a)e(normalized)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.\))150 629 y(If)j(the)h(source)h(w)o -(ord)e(is)g(zero,)h(set)g(Carry)g(0)f(and)g(Carry)h(1.)k(The)c(source)g(is)g -(una\013ected;)g(the)g(original)e(con)o(ten)o(ts)150 679 y(of)g(the)i -(destination)e(are)i(lost.)212 813 y FB(MOVN)112 b FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 -b(Negativ)o(e)1144 b(210)212 862 y FB(MOVNI)90 b FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 -b(Negativ)o(e)g(Immediate)935 b(211)212 912 y FB(MOVNM)90 b -FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(Negativ)o(e)g(to)f(Memory)929 b(212)212 -962 y FB(MOVNS)90 b FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(Negativ)o(e)g(to)f(Self)1014 -b(213)150 1046 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)18 b FC(MO)o(VNI)13 b FJ(loads)h(A)o(C)f -(with)h(the)g(negativ)o(e)g(of)f(the)i(w)o(ord)f(0)p Fz(;)7 -b(E)15 b FJ(and)e(cannot)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w.)p 150 1295 -1495 4 v 150 1220 V 148 1293 4 75 v 1643 1293 V 688 1293 V -729 1293 V 896 1293 V 162 1324 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1270 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1324 -y Fq(8)p 522 1293 V 24 w(9)591 1270 y FE(A)150 1186 y Fk(MO)n(VM)159 -b(Move)19 b(Magnitude)264 1269 y FJ(214)p 439 1293 V 456 1270 -a FE(M)411 1324 y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 1420 y FJ(T)m(ak)o(e)12 b(the)h(magnitude)e -(of)h(the)i(w)o(ord)e(con)o(tained)h(in)f(the)i(source)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o -(y)d FE(M)20 b FJ(and)12 b(mo)o(v)o(e)f(it)i(to)f(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)150 -1470 y(destination.)22 b(If)14 b(the)i(source)h(w)o(ord)e(is)g(\014xed{p)q -(oin)o(t)g FH(\000)p FJ(2)1046 1455 y Fs(35)1096 1470 y FJ(\(400000)f -(000000\))g(set)i(the)f(T)m(rap)g(1,)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)g(and)150 -1520 y(Carry)h(1)f(\015ags.)24 b(\(T)m(aking)15 b(the)h(magnitude)e(of)h(the) -i(equiv)n(alen)o(t)e(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h -FH(\000)p FJ(1)10 b FH(\002)h FJ(2)1730 1505 y Fs(127)1797 -1520 y FJ(also)16 b(sets)150 1570 y(the)g(\015ags,)g(but)g(this)g(is)f(not)h -(a)g(normalized)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.\))23 b(The)16 b(source)h(is)f -(una\013ected;)h(the)g(original)d(con)o(ten)o(ts)j(of)150 1619 -y(the)d(destination)g(are)g(lost.)212 1753 y FB(MOVM)112 b -FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(Magnitude)1107 b(214)212 1803 y FB(MOVMI)90 -b FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(Magnitude)g(Immediate)898 b(215)212 1852 -y FB(MOVMM)90 b FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(Magnitude)g(to)f(Memory)892 -b(216)212 1902 y FB(MOVMS)90 b FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(Magnitude)g(to)f(Self)977 -b(217)150 1986 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)18 b(The)d(w)o(ord)e(0)p Fz(;)7 -b(E)15 b FJ(is)f(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(to)h(its)g(magnitude,)e(so)i -FC(MO)o(VMI)f FJ(is)h(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(to)g FC(MO)o(VEI)p -FJ(.)150 2072 y(It)h(is)g(often)h(con)o(v)o(enien)o(t)f(to)g(k)o(eep)h(a)f -(con)o(trol)g(coun)o(t)g(in)g(the)h(left)f(half)f(of)h(an)g(accum)o(ulator)e -(and)i(a)g(lo)q(cal)g(address)150 2121 y(or)h(displacemen)o(t)f(to)h(b)q(e)h -(used)g(for)e(indexing)h(in)f(the)i(righ)o(t)e(half.)21 b(Supp)q(ose)16 -b(one)f(wishes)h(to)f(load)f(200)g(in)o(to)g(the)150 2171 y(left)g(half)e -(and)i(1400)f(in)o(to)g(the)i(righ)o(t)e(half)g(of)g(an)h(accum)o(ulator)e -(that)i(is)g(addressed)h(sym)o(b)q(olically)c(as)j FC(XR)p -FJ(.)f(If)g(the)150 2221 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(200)g(001400)g(is)g(stored)i(in) -f(lo)q(cation)f FE(M)7 b FJ(,)13 b(one)h(can)g(do)g(this)g(b)o(y)g(giving)e -(the)i(instruction)324 2345 y FB(MOVE)87 b(XR,M)150 2506 y -FJ(Of)11 b(course,)h(somewhere)f(the)g(source)i(program)c(m)o(ust)h(de\014ne) -h(the)h(v)n(alue)e(of)g(the)h(sym)o(b)q(ol)e FC(XR)i FJ(as)g(an)f(o)q(ctal)h -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)150 2556 y(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)17 b(1)e(and)g(17.)21 -b(If)15 b(the)h(same)e(w)o(ord,)h(or)h(the)f(negativ)o(e)h(of)e(the)i(same)e -(w)o(ord,)h(or)h(the)g(same)e(w)o(ord)h(with)g(its)150 2605 -y(halv)o(es)f(sw)o(app)q(ed)i(m)o(ust)d(b)q(e)i(loaded)f(on)h(sev)o(eral)g(o) -q(ccasions,)g(eac)o(h)g(transfer)g(still)f(requires)h(only)f(a)g(single)h(mo) -o(v)o(e)p eop -%%Page: 56 6 -56 5 bop 0 50 a FJ(56)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(instruction)g(that)g(references)j -FE(M)7 b FJ(.)0 347 y FF(2.1.3)55 b(Extended)18 b(Mo)n(v)n(e)g(Immediate)0 -459 y FJ(The)g(follo)o(wing)c(instruction)k(mak)o(es)e(the)i(result)g(of)f -(an)g(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)j(calculation)c(a)o(v)n(ailable)f(for)i(use)h -(as)0 509 y(a)e(global)e(address.)27 b(If)16 b(the)g(address)i(sp)q -(eci\014es)g(a)e(fast{memory)d(lo)q(cation,)j(the)h(instruction)f(loads)g -(the)h(global)0 559 y(address)e(of)e(that)h(fast{memory)d(lo)q(cation,)i(so)h -(that)g(it)f(can)i(b)q(e)f(accessed)i(from)c(an)o(y)i(section.)p -0 808 1495 4 v 0 733 V -2 806 4 75 v 1493 806 V 538 806 V 579 -806 V 746 806 V 12 838 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 783 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 838 y Fq(8)p -372 806 V 24 w(9)441 783 y FE(A)0 700 y Fk(XMO)n(VEI)123 b(Extended)19 -b(Move)g(Immediate)156 782 y FJ(415)0 933 y(If)14 b(the)g(program)e(is)i -(running)g(in)f(a)h(non{zero)g(section,)g(do)g(one)g(or)g(the)g(other)h(of)e -(the)i(follo)o(wing.)104 1059 y(If)f FE(E)20 b FJ(is)14 b(not)g(a)h(lo)q(cal) -e(A)o(C)i(address,)g(clear)g(A)o(C)f(bits)h(0{5)f(and)g(place)h(the)g(global) -e(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)104 1109 y FE(E)19 b FJ(in)13 b(A)o(C)h(bits)g -(6{35.)104 1195 y(If)e FE(E)18 b FJ(is)13 b(a)f(lo)q(cal)g(A)o(C)h(address,)g -(put)g(1)g(in)f(A)o(C)808 1201 y Fs(L)843 1195 y FJ(and)h Fz(E)954 -1201 y Fs(R)993 1195 y FJ(in)f(A)o(C)1100 1201 y Fs(R)1126 -1195 y FJ(.)18 b(\(This)12 b(result)i(is)e(the)i(global)d(form)104 -1245 y(of)i(a)h(fast{memory)d(address.\))0 1371 y(If)17 b(the)g(program)f(is) -g(running)h(in)g(section)h(zero,)g(this)f(instruction)g(is)g(called)g -FC(SETMI)p FJ(,)f(a)h(Bo)q(olean)g(instruction)0 1421 y(that)d(p)q(erforms)f -(an)h(analogous)f(function)g(for)h(section)g(zero)h(\()p FH(x)q -FJ(2.4\).)0 1506 y FE(Notes)s FJ(.)27 b(This)17 b(instruction)g(c)o(hanges)g -(a)g(lo)q(cal)f(A)o(C)h(address)h(to)e(a)h(global)e(A)o(C)i(address,)h(whic)o -(h)f(therefore)h(still)0 1556 y(refers)h(to)f(fast{memory)d(no)j(matter)f -(what)h(section)h(that)f(address)h(is)f(used)h(in.)30 b(Giving)16 -b FC(XMO)o(VEI)h FJ(with)g(an)0 1606 y(address)f(20)f(or)g(greater)h(without) -e(indexing)g(or)h(indirection)g(places)h(the)f(curren)o(t)i(PC)e(section)g(n) -o(um)o(b)q(er)g(in)f(A)o(C)0 1656 y(left;)f(this)h(result)h(can)f(b)q(e)g -(used)h(to)f(determine)g(in)f(what)h(section)h(the)f(program)e(is)i(running.) -0 1808 y FF(2.1.4)55 b(Double)18 b(Mo)n(v)n(e)h(Instructions)810 -1786 y Fs(1)0 1920 y FJ(These)13 b(four)e(instructions)i(are)f(principally)e -(for)i(manipulating)c(the)13 b(double{length)e(op)q(erands)h(used)h(in)e -(double{)0 1970 y(precision)16 b(arithmetic,)e(\014xed)i(or)f(\015oating.)22 -b(But)16 b(they)f(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(used)g(to)f(mo)o(v)o(e)f(or)h(negate)h(an) -o(y)f(double)h(w)o(ord,)0 2020 y(i.e.,)e(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(a)g -(pair)g(of)f(adjacen)o(t)i(accum)o(ulators)e(or)i(memory)d(lo)q(cations.)22 -b(Tw)o(o)14 b(of)h(the)h(instructions)0 2069 y(are)i(simple)d(extensions)k -(of)d FC(MO)o(VE)h FJ(and)g FC(MO)o(VEM)f FJ(to)i(double)f(w)o(ords,)g(and)h -(for)e(them)h(the)h(con\014guration)f(of)0 2119 y(the)e(op)q(erands)h(is)e -(irrelev)n(an)o(t.)20 b(The)15 b(other)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(instructions)i(are)f -(extensions)g(of)f FC(MO)o(VN)h FJ(and)f FC(MO)o(VNM)p FJ(,)g(with)0 -2169 y(the)19 b(op)q(erand)f(in)o(terpreted)i(as)e(a)g(double{precision)h -(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)30 b(With)18 b(a)g(sligh)o(t)f(v)n -(ariation)f(in)0 2219 y(the)i(format,)f(they)h(can)g(also)f(b)q(e)h(used)h -(for)e(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers:)26 b(a)17 b(negativ)o(e)h -(result)g(has)g(a)f(0)h(in)f(bit)g(0)h(of)0 2269 y(the)f(lo)o(w{order)f(w)o -(ord)g(instead)h(of)e(a)i(cop)o(y)f(of)g(the)h(sign)f(bit.)25 -b(F)m(or)16 b(arithmetic)f(op)q(erations,)h(this)h(di\013erence)h(is)0 -2318 y(inconsequen)o(tial,)f(b)q(ecause)h(all)e(arithmetic)f(instructions)j -(ignore)e(bit)g(0)h(of)f(all)f(lo)o(w{order)h(w)o(ords.)27 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)0 2368 y(this)15 b(di\013erence)i(in)d(format)g(could)g -(cause)i(a)f(comparison)f(of)g(t)o(w)o(o)h(double{precision)g(\014xed{p)q -(oin)o(t)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(to)0 2418 y(fail.)0 2504 y(All)i(of)g(these)i -(instructions)f(address)h(a)f(pair)f(of)g(adjacen)o(t)h(accum)o(ulators)e -(and)i(a)f(pair)h(of)f(adjacen)o(t)g(memory)0 2553 y(lo)q(cations.)24 -b(The)17 b(accum)o(ulators)e(ha)o(v)o(e)g(addresses)k Fz(A)d -FJ(and)g Fz(A)9 b FJ(+)h(1)j(\(mo)q(d)g(20)1221 2559 y Fs(8)1239 -2553 y FJ(\).)25 b(The)16 b(memory)e(lo)q(cations)h(ha)o(v)o(e)p -0 2590 720 2 v 46 2617 a Fr(1)64 2629 y Fq(In)c(the)f(KA10)i(these)f -(instruction)o(s)e(trap)i(as)g(unassigned)e(co)q(des)h(\()p -Fj(x)o Fq(2.16\).)p eop -%%Page: 57 7 -57 6 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.1.)31 b(FULL{W)o(ORD)13 b(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)f -(TRANSMISSION)928 b FJ(57)150 195 y(addresses)16 b Fz(E)g FJ(and)e -Fz(E)d FJ(+)e(1.)577 180 y Fs(2)p 150 439 1495 4 v 150 365 -V 148 438 4 75 v 1643 438 V 688 438 V 729 438 V 896 438 V 162 -469 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -415 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 469 y Fq(8)p 522 438 V 24 w(9)591 -415 y FE(A)150 331 y Fk(DMO)n(VE)136 b(Double)19 b(Move)306 -414 y FJ(120)150 565 y(Mo)o(v)o(e)d(a)g(double)g(w)o(ord)h(from)d(lo)q -(cation)i Fz(E)r(;)7 b(E)12 b FJ(+)f(1)16 b(to)h(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)26 -b(The)16 b(memory)e(lo)q(cations)i(are)h(una\013ected;)150 -615 y(the)d(original)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)g(the)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(a\013ected)h -(accum)o(ulators)e(are)h(lost.)p 150 863 1495 4 v 150 789 V -148 862 4 75 v 1643 862 V 688 862 V 729 862 V 896 862 V 162 -893 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -839 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 893 y Fq(8)p 522 862 V 24 w(9)591 -839 y FE(A)150 755 y Fk(DMO)n(VEM)87 b(Double)19 b(Move)g(to)g(Memo)n(ry)306 -838 y FJ(124)150 989 y(Mo)o(v)o(e)e(a)g(double)h(w)o(ord)f(from)f(A)o(C,A)o -(C+1)h(to)g(lo)q(cation)f Fz(E)r(;)7 b(E)14 b FJ(+)d(1.)29 -b(The)18 b(A)o(Cs)g(are)f(una\013ected;)k(the)d(original)150 -1039 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)d(of)e(the)i(memory)c(lo)q(cations)i(are)i(lost.)150 -1124 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)j(Do)13 b(not)h(use)h(the)f(instruction)g -FC(DMO)o(VEM)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)m FJ(;)g(its)f(result)i(is)f(indeterminate.)j -(In)d(the)g(KI10,)f(do)150 1174 y(not)i(ha)o(v)o(e)g FE(E)20 -b FJ(and)14 b FE(X)22 b FJ(address)16 b(the)f(same)f(\(fast\))h(memory)e(lo)q -(cation,)h(b)q(ecause)i(a)f(page{failure)f(on)g(the)i(second)150 -1224 y(w)o(ord)e(w)o(ould)f(result)h(in)g(a)f(di\013eren)o(t)i(e\013ectiv)o -(e{address)i(calculation)c(when)h(the)g(instruction)h(is)e(restarted.)p -150 1465 1495 4 v 150 1390 V 148 1463 4 75 v 1643 1463 V 688 -1463 V 729 1463 V 896 1463 V 162 1494 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1440 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1494 -y Fq(8)p 522 1463 V 24 w(9)591 1440 y FE(A)150 1356 y Fk(DMO)n(VN)128 -b(Double)19 b(Move)g(Negative)306 1439 y FJ(121)150 1590 y(In)o(terpret)e -(the)e(double)g(w)o(ord)g(from)f(lo)q(cation)g Fz(E)r(;)7 b(E)12 -b FJ(+)e(1)15 b(as)g(double{precision)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t,)f(and)g(mo)o -(v)o(e)g(its)150 1640 y(negativ)o(e)h(to)h(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)24 -b(If)15 b(the)h(memory)d(double{w)o(ord)i(is)h(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)f -FH(\000)p FJ(2)1425 1625 y Fs(70)1460 1640 y FJ(,)h(set)g(the)h(T)m(rap)e(1,) -g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)150 1690 y(and)h(Carry)g(1)g(\015ags.)24 -b(\(Negating)16 b(the)g(equiv)n(alen)o(t)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er,)h FH(\000)p FJ(1)c FH(\002)g FJ(2)1536 1675 y Fs(127)1587 -1690 y FJ(,)16 b(also)g(sets)h(the)g(\015ags,)150 1740 y(but)c(this)h(is)f -(not)g(a)g(normalized)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.\))17 b(If)c(the)g(memory)e(double{w) -o(ord)i(is)g(zero,)h(set)g(Carry)f(0)g(and)g(Carry)h(1.)150 -1789 y(The)g(memory)e(lo)q(cations)h(are)h(una\013ected;)h(the)g(original)d -(con)o(ten)o(ts)j(of)e(the)i(A)o(Cs)f(are)g(lost.)150 1875 -y(The)h(negation)g(is)f(done)i(using)e(\015oating)g(p)q(oin)o(t)h(con)o(v)o -(en)o(tions;)g(hence,)h(a)e(negativ)o(e)h(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)g(result)g(has) -g(the)150 1925 y(incorrect)g(v)n(alue)e(in)h(bit)f(0)h(of)f(the)i(lo)o -(w{order)e(w)o(ord.)150 2010 y(In)d(the)g(KI10)g(there)h(is)e(no)h(o)o(v)o -(er\015o)o(w)f(test)i(b)q(ecause)h(the)e(KI10)g(lac)o(ks)f(double{precision)h -(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)g(instructions.)150 2060 y(F)m(or)j(\015oating{p)q(oin)o -(t)e(the)i(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(test)h(is)f(unnecessary)m(,)h(b)q(ecause)g -(negating)f(a)f(correctly)i(formatted)e(\015oating{)150 2110 -y(p)q(oin)o(t)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(cannot)g(cause)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w.)p -150 2359 1495 4 v 150 2284 V 148 2357 4 75 v 1643 2357 V 688 -2357 V 729 2357 V 896 2357 V 162 2389 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2334 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2389 -y Fq(8)p 522 2357 V 24 w(9)591 2334 y FE(A)150 2251 y Fk(DMO)n(VNM)79 -b(Double)19 b(Move)g(Negative)h(to)f(Memo)n(ry)306 2333 y FJ(125)150 -2484 y(In)o(terpret)c(the)f(double)f(w)o(ord)h(from)d(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)i(as)h -(double{precision)f(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(and)h(mo)o(v)o(e)f(its)h -(negativ)o(e)150 2534 y(to)f(lo)q(cation)e Fz(E)r(;)d(E)g FJ(+)e(1.)17 -b(If)11 b(the)h(A)o(C)g(double{w)o(ord)f(is)h(\014xed)g(p)q(oin)o(t)f -FH(\000)p FJ(2)1249 2519 y Fs(70)1284 2534 y FJ(,)h(set)g(the)h(T)m(rap)e(1,) -g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)h(and)g(Carry)p 150 2569 720 2 v 196 2595 -a Fr(2)214 2607 y Fq(Refer)e(to)h(the)g(description)e(of)i -Fi(E)r(;)5 b(E)10 b Fq(+)e(1)j(on)g(page)g(52.)p eop -%%Page: 58 8 -58 7 bop 0 50 a FJ(58)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(1)i(\015ags.)24 b(\(Negating)15 -b(the)i(equiv)n(alen)o(t)e(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)h -FH(\000)p FJ(1)c FH(\002)g FJ(2)1181 180 y Fs(127)1232 195 -y FJ(,)16 b(also)f(sets)j(the)e(\015ags,)g(but)g(this)g(is)0 -245 y(not)f(a)g(normalized)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.\))21 b(If)14 -b(the)i(A)o(C)f(double{w)o(ord)g(is)f(zero,)i(set)g(Carry)f(0)g(and)g(Carry)g -(1.)21 b(The)15 b(A)o(Cs)h(are)0 295 y(una\013ected;)f(the)g(original)d(con)o -(ten)o(ts)i(of)g(the)g(memory)e(lo)q(cations)h(are)h(lost.)0 -380 y(The)i(negation)f(is)g(done)g(using)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(con)o(v)o -(en)o(tions;)i(hence)g(a)g(negativ)o(e)f(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)g(result)h(has)f -(the)0 430 y(incorrect)g(v)n(alue)e(in)h(bit)f(0)h(of)f(the)i(lo)o(w)e(order) -h(w)o(ord.)0 516 y(In)c(the)g(KI10)g(there)h(is)e(no)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f -(test)i(b)q(ecause)h(the)e(KI10)g(lac)o(ks)f(double{precision)h(\014xed{p)q -(oin)o(t)g(instructions.)0 565 y(F)m(or)j(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(the)i(o)o -(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(test)h(is)f(unnecessary)m(,)h(b)q(ecause)g(negating)f(a)f -(correctly)i(formatted)e(\015oating{)0 615 y(p)q(oin)o(t)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h -(cannot)g(cause)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w.)0 701 y FE(Notes)s FJ(.)j(Do)13 -b(not)g(use)i(the)f(instruction)f FC(DMO)o(VNM)h(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)n -FJ(;)f(its)g(result)h(is)g(indeterminate.)j(In)c(the)h(KI10,)f(do)0 -751 y(not)i(ha)o(v)o(e)g FE(E)20 b FJ(and)14 b FE(X)22 b FJ(address)16 -b(the)f(same)f(\(fast\))h(memory)e(lo)q(cation,)h(b)q(ecause)i(a)f -(page{failure)f(on)g(the)i(second)0 800 y(w)o(ord)d(w)o(ould)f(then)i(result) -g(in)e(a)h(di\013eren)o(t)h(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)h(calculation)d(when)i -(the)f(instruction)h(is)f(restarted.)0 952 y FF(2.1.5)55 b(Blo)r(c)n(k)18 -b(T)-5 b(ransfers)0 1065 y FJ(There)16 b(are)g(t)o(w)o(o)e(instructions)i -(for)f(mo)o(ving)d(blo)q(c)o(ks)j(of)g(data)g(from)e(one)i(part)g(of)g -(memory)d(to)j(another.)22 b(One)16 b(is)0 1115 y(restricted)h(to)e(acting)f -(within)g(the)h(section)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)f(the)g(e\013ectiv)o -(e{address.)23 b(The)16 b(other)f(can)g(mo)o(v)o(e)e(data)0 -1164 y(arbitrarily)g(an)o(ywhere)h(in)g(memory)m(.)p 0 1413 -1495 4 v 0 1339 V -2 1412 4 75 v 1493 1412 V 538 1412 V 579 -1412 V 746 1412 V 12 1443 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 1388 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1443 y Fq(8)p -372 1412 V 24 w(9)441 1388 y FE(A)0 1305 y Fk(BL)-5 b(T)234 -b(Blo)r(ck)19 b(T)-5 b(ransfer)156 1388 y FJ(251)0 1539 y(Beginning)13 -b(at)h(the)g(lo)q(cation)e(addressed)k(b)o(y)d(A)o(C)781 1545 -y Fw(L)819 1539 y FJ(\(A)o(C)h(left\))f(in)g(the)i(section)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h -(b)o(y)e FE(E)5 b FJ(,)13 b(mo)o(v)o(e)f(w)o(ords)i(to)0 1589 -y(another)g(area)f(in)g(the)g(same)g(section)h(b)q(eginning)e(at)h(the)h(lo)q -(cation)e(addressed)j(b)o(y)e(A)o(C)1374 1595 y Fw(R)1415 1589 -y FJ(\(A)o(C)g(righ)o(t\).)k(Con)o(tin)o(ue)0 1638 y(un)o(til)c(a)h(w)o(ord)f -(is)h(mo)o(v)o(ed)e(to)i(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)5 b FJ(.)661 1623 -y Fs(3)0 1724 y FJ(The)15 b(total)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f(w)o(ords)i(in)f -(the)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(is)g(th)o(us)g Fz(E)899 1730 y Fs(R)949 -1724 y FH(\000)c FJ(A)o(C)1051 1730 y Fs(R)1101 1724 y FJ(+)f(1.)19 -b(If)14 b(A)o(C)1296 1730 y Fs(R)1334 1724 y FH(\025)f Fz(E)r -FJ(,)h(the)h FC(BL)m(T)f FJ(mo)o(v)o(es)f(only)0 1774 y(one)g(w)o(ord)f(to)h -(lo)q(cation)f(A)o(C)443 1780 y Fs(R)469 1774 y FJ(.)17 b(If)12 -b(the)i(source)g(blo)q(c)o(k)e(is)g(larger)h(than)g(2)1117 -1759 y Fs(18)1158 1774 y FH(\000)7 b FJ(A)o(C)1257 1780 y Fs(L)1280 -1774 y FJ(,)12 b(it)g(is)h(wrapp)q(ed)g(around)g(to)f(the)0 -1824 y(b)q(eginning)h(of)h(the)g(section.)445 1808 y Fs(4)0 -1909 y FJ(In)k(the)h(XKL)223 1905 y(-)235 1909 y(1,)f(KL10,)g(and)g(KS10,)g -(pro)o(vided)g(A)o(C)g(is)g(not)g(in)f(the)i(destination)f(blo)q(c)o(k,)g(at) -g(the)g(end)h(of)e(the)0 1959 y(instruction)c(A)o(C)269 1965 -y Fs(L)304 1959 y FJ(and)g(A)o(C)444 1965 y Fs(R)483 1959 y -FJ(con)o(tain)f(addresses)j(1)d(greater)i(than)f(those)g(of)f(the)h(\014nal)g -(source)h(and)e(destination)0 2009 y(lo)q(cations)18 b(referenced,)j(resp)q -(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)613 1994 y Fs(5)664 2009 y FJ(In)e(the)g(KI10)f(and)g(KA10,) -h(at)f(the)h(end)g(of)f(the)h(instruction,)g(A)o(C)f(is)0 2059 -y(indeterminate)11 b(unless)g(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(system)f(and)g(the)g -(pager)h(are)f(b)q(oth)g(o\013,)g(in)g(whic)o(h)g(case)h(A)o(C)f(is)g -(una\013ected.)0 2108 y(In)17 b(an)o(y)f(ev)o(en)o(t,)i(for)e(program)f -(compatibilit)o(y)f(among)g(pro)q(cessors,)19 b(use)f(of)e(the)h(resulting)g -(quan)o(tit)o(y)f(in)g(A)o(C)h(is)0 2158 y(strongly)d(discouraged.)p -0 2193 720 2 v 46 2220 a Fr(3)64 2231 y Fq(The)e(source)e(and)i(destination)d -(addresses)h(are)h(either)g(lo)q(cal)g(addresses)f(or)i(global)f(addresses,)f -(corresp)q(ondi)o(ng)f(to)j(whether)f Fh(E)0 2271 y Fq(is)i(lo)q(cal)f(or)h -(global.)18 b(The)13 b(distinction)e(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h Fh(E)17 -b Fq(lo)q(cal)12 b(or)h(global)e(matters)g(only)h(in)h(the)g(situation)d -(where)j(the)f(source)g(and/or)0 2310 y(destination)e(address)h(is)i(in)f -(the)h(accum)o(ulat)o(ors:)i(the)d(accum)o(ulator)o(s)e(can)i(b)q(e)h -(addressed)d(only)i(b)o(y)g(lo)q(cal)g(addresses)f(in)i(the)f(range)0 -2350 y(0{17)e(\(or)h(b)o(y)g(global)f(addresses)g(1000000{1)o(000)o(017)o -(\).)46 2378 y Fr(4)64 2389 y Fh(Caution)s Fq(:)18 b(In)13 -b(the)f(extended)f(KL10,)i(wraparound)e(is)i(not)f(implemen)o(te)o(d)e -(correctly:)16 b(the)d(instruction)d(inadv)o(erten)o(tl)o(y)g(reads)0 -2429 y(source)i(w)o(ords)i(from)f(the)g(next)g(higher)f(section.)21 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)14 b(if)g(the)f(instruction)e(is)j(in)o(terrupted)c -(after)j(it)h(has)f(coun)o(ted)f(in)o(to)h(the)0 2468 y(next)d(section,)g -(when)h(it)g(resumes,)f(it)h(will)h(rev)o(ert)e(to)h(reading)e(data)i(from)f -(the)h(original)e(section.)46 2496 y Fr(5)64 2508 y Fq(In)i(the)g(KL10,)h(if) -g(the)f Fv(BL)m(T)h Fq(is)g(abbreviated)d(b)q(ecause)h(the)h(initial)f(v)n -(alue)h(of)g(A)o(C)1152 2514 y Fr(R)1188 2508 y Fi(>)g(E)r -Fq(,)h(at)f(the)g(end)g(of)h(the)f(instruction)e(A)o(C)1778 -2514 y Fr(L)0 2547 y Fq(and)i(A)o(C)119 2553 y Fr(R)155 2547 -y Fq(con)o(tain)f(v)n(alues)g(that)g(incorrectly)f(indicate)g(that)i(the)f -Fv(BL)m(T)i Fq(mo)o(v)o(ed)e(additional)e(w)o(ords.)p eop -%%Page: 59 9 -59 8 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.1.)31 b(FULL{W)o(ORD)13 b(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)f -(TRANSMISSION)928 b FJ(59)952 224 y FF(Caution)254 315 y FJ(Should)12 -b(an)g(in)o(terrupt)i(or)e(page)h(failure)e(o)q(ccur)j(during)e(its)h -(execution,)g(the)g FC(BL)m(T)g FJ(stores)h(the)f(source)254 -365 y(and)g(destination)g(addresses)j(for)d(the)h(next)g(w)o(ord)g(in)f(A)o -(C,)g(so)g(when)h(the)h(pro)q(cessor)g(restarts)g(up)q(on)254 -415 y(the)i(return)h(to)e(the)h(in)o(terrupted)h(program,)d(it)h(actually)f -(resumes)i(at)g(the)g(correct)h(p)q(oin)o(t)e(within)254 465 -y(the)i FC(BL)m(T)p FJ(.)f(Therefore,)j FE(A)d FJ(and)h FE(X)24 -b FJ(m)o(ust)16 b(not)i(address)h(the)f(same)f(register)i(b)q(ecause)g(this)f -(w)o(ould)254 515 y(pro)q(duce)g(a)e(di\013eren)o(t)i(e\013ectiv)o(e{address) -i(calculation)c(up)q(on)g(resumption;)i(and)e(the)i(instruction)254 -564 y(m)o(ust)e(not)g(attempt)g(to)h(load)f(an)g(accum)o(ulator)g(addressed)i -(either)g(b)o(y)e FE(A)h FJ(or)g FE(X)23 b FJ(unless)18 b(it)e(is)h(the)254 -614 y(\014nal)c(lo)q(cation)g(b)q(eing)h(loaded.)150 768 y -FE(Examples)150 854 y FJ(A)i(con)o(v)o(enien)o(t)g(w)o(a)o(y)e(to)i(clear)g -(a)f(blo)q(c)o(k)g(of)g(consecutiv)o(e)i(lo)q(cations)e(in)g(memory)f(is)h -(to)g(clear)h(the)h(\014rst)f(lo)q(cation)150 904 y(and)h(then)g(use)h(a)e -FC(BL)m(T)h FJ(to)g(transfer)h(the)f(zero)h(successiv)o(ely)g(from)d(one)i -(lo)q(cation)f(to)h(the)g(next.)28 b(Supp)q(ose)17 b(the)150 -953 y(blo)q(c)o(k)d(starts)g(at)g FE(A)g FJ(and)g(con)o(tains)f -FE(B)19 b FJ(w)o(ords.)324 1076 y FB(MOVE)43 b(AC,[A,,A+1])324 -1126 y(SETZM)21 b(A)324 1176 y(BLT)65 b(AC,A+B-1)150 1335 y -FJ(This)18 b(tec)o(hnique)g(can)g(b)q(e)g(used)h(to)f(spread)g(an)o(y)f -(one{w)o(ord)h(pattern)g(through)g(consecutiv)o(e)h(lo)q(cations.)1848 -1320 y Fs(6)1896 1335 y FJ(An)150 1385 y Fz(n)p FJ({w)o(ord)14 -b(pattern)i(can)f(b)q(e)g(spread)h(through)f(memory)d(b)o(y)j(initializing)d -(the)j(righ)o(t)f(half)g(of)g(the)i(accum)o(ulator)d(to)150 -1434 y(b)q(e)i Fz(n)e FJ(larger)h(than)g(the)g(left)g(half.)150 -1520 y(The)h(follo)o(wing)d(instructions)j(load)e(the)i(accum)o(ulators)e -(from)g(memory)f(lo)q(cations)h(2000{2017)g(in)g(the)i(PC)g(sec-)150 -1570 y(tion.)324 1693 y FB(MOVSI)65 b(17,2000)173 b(;Put)21 -b(two)g(addresses,)e(2000,,0)i(in)g(AC)h(17)324 1742 y(BLT)109 -b(17,17)217 b(;load)20 b(ACs)i(from)e(2000-2017)150 1901 y -FJ(As)14 b(men)o(tioned)f(in)g(the)i(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)e(caution,)g(this)h -(example)e(w)o(ould)h(not)h(w)o(ork)f(reliably)g(if,)g(for)g(example,)f(A)o -(C)i(10)f(or)150 1951 y(A)o(C)f(16)g(w)o(ere)h(used)g(to)g(supply)f(the)h -(source)g(and)g(destination)f(addresses.)19 b(The)13 b(example)e(is)h -(written)h(safely:)k(A)o(C)150 2001 y(17)c(is)h(the)h(last)e(lo)q(cation)g -(loaded)h(b)o(y)f(the)i FC(BL)m(T)p FJ(.)150 2086 y(T)m(o)f(store)i(the)f -(accum)o(ulators)f(in)g(memory)e(requires)k(that)f(one)g(accum)o(ulator)f -(\014rst)h(b)q(e)h(made)d(a)o(v)n(ailable)g(to)h(the)150 2136 -y FC(BL)m(T)p FJ(:)324 2259 y FB(MOVEM)65 b(17,2017)129 b(;Move)21 -b(AC)g(17)h(to)f(2017)g(in)g(memory)324 2309 y(MOVEI)65 b(17,2000)129 -b(;Put)21 b(two)g(addresses,)42 b(0,,2000)20 b(in)h(AC)h(17)324 -2359 y(BLT)109 b(17,2016)129 b(;store)21 b(ACs)g(0-16)g(into)g(addresses)f -(2000-2016)150 2518 y FJ(T)m(o)11 b(giv)o(e)h(a)f(more)g(complex)g(example,)f -(the)j(follo)o(wing)c(co)q(de)k(fragmen)o(t)d(stores)j(accum)o(ulators)e -(0{16)g(on)h(the)h(stac)o(k)p 150 2551 720 2 v 196 2577 a Fr(6)214 -2589 y Fq(This)f(function)d(is)k(used)e(so)h(frequen)o(tly)d(that)i(the)g -(KL10)h(micro)q(co)q(de)e(detects)g(it)i(as)g(a)g(sp)q(ecial)e(case)h(and)h -(reads)f(only)g(the)g(\014rst)150 2629 y(source)f(w)o(ord.)p -eop -%%Page: 60 10 -60 9 bop 0 50 a FJ(60)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(\(see)e FH(x)p FJ(2.10\))e(describ)q(ed)i(b)o(y)e -(accum)o(ulator)g(17,)g(presuming)f(that)i(the)g(stac)o(k)g(has)g(ro)q(om)e -(for)h(the)h(new)g(en)o(tries.)18 b(This)0 245 y(co)q(de)d(w)o(orks)g(prop)q -(erly)g(in)f(section)h(zero.)20 b(It)15 b(also)f(w)o(orks)g(in)g(non{zero)h -(sections,)g(pro)o(vided)g(that)f(accum)o(ulator)0 295 y(17)f(con)o(tains)h -(a)g(lo)q(cal{format)d(stac)o(k)j(p)q(oin)o(ter.)174 419 y -FB(ADJSP)65 b(17,17)195 b(;allocate)20 b(stack)g(space)h(for)g(0-16)174 -469 y(MOVEM)65 b(16,0\(17\))129 b(;store)20 b(16,)i(AC)f(for)g(the)g(BLT)174 -519 y(MOVEI)65 b(16,-16\(17\))85 b(;load)21 b(0,,in-section)e(address)h(of)h -(stack)174 569 y(BLT)109 b(16,-1\(17\))e(;copy)21 b(ACs)g(0-15)g(to)g(stack)0 -729 y FJ(The)11 b(follo)o(wing)e(restores)k(accum)o(ulators)d(that)h(ha)o(v)o -(e)g(b)q(een)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)f(on)g(the)g(stac)o(k)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(fragmen)o(t) -f(sho)o(wn)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e:)174 854 y FB(MOVSI)65 b(16,-16\(17\))85 -b(;in-section)19 b(address)i(of)g(the)g(stack,,0)174 903 y(BLT)109 -b(16,16)195 b(;restore)20 b(accumulators)f(from)i(stack)174 -953 y(ADJSP)65 b(17,-17)173 b(;return)20 b(stack)h(space)g(no)g(longer)g -(needed)0 1113 y FJ(In)f(the)h(examples)e(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)h -FC(BL)m(T)g FJ(has)g(b)q(een)h(used)g(to)f(store)h(the)f(accum)o(ulators)f -(in)h(the)h(lo)q(cal)e(section)h(\(i.e.,)0 1163 y(the)f(PC)g(section\).)34 -b(T)m(o)18 b(load)f(or)i(store)h(the)f(accum)o(ulators)f(in)g(a)g(non{lo)q -(cal)g(section,)i(the)f(follo)o(wing)d(subtle)0 1213 y(adaptation)c(can)h(b)q -(e)g(used.)431 1198 y Fs(7)469 1213 y FJ(This)f(co)q(de)i(fragmen)o(t)e(dep)q -(ends)i(on)f(a)f(c)o(haracteristic)j(of)d(the)h FC(X)o(CT)f -FJ(instruction:)18 b(it)0 1263 y(will)c(p)q(erform)g(the)i(e\013ectiv)o -(e{address)i(calculation)d(of)f(the)i(target)g(instruction)g(in)f(the)h -(section)g(that)f(con)o(tains)0 1313 y(the)i(target)h(instruction)f(\(see)h -FH(x)q FJ(2.9.1\).)25 b(Th)o(us,)18 b(a)e(lo)q(cal)g(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)k -(is)c(computed)h(in)f(a)h(section)g(other)0 1362 y(than)d(the)g(PC)g -(section.)174 1487 y FB(ADJSP)65 b(17,17)282 b(;allocate)20 -b(stack)h(space)f(for)i(0-16)174 1537 y(DMOVEM)43 b(15,-1\(17\))194 -b(;store)21 b(15)g(and)g(16,)g(BLT)g(AC)h(and)f(Eff)g(Addr)174 -1587 y(MOVEI)65 b(16,-16\(17\))172 b(;load)21 b(0,,in-section)e(address)h(on) -i(stack)174 1636 y(MOVEI)65 b(15,-2\(17\))194 b(;0,,in-section)19 -b(final)i(address)f(for)h(ACs)g(on)h(stack)174 1686 y(PUSH)87 -b(17,[BLT)20 b(16,\(15\)])42 b(;instruction)19 b(to)j(XCT,)f(in)g(stack's)f -(section)174 1736 y(XCT)109 b(\(17\))304 b(;XCT)21 b(the)g(BLT.)43 -b(BLT)21 b(uses)g(local)g(addressing)174 1786 y(ADJSP)65 b(17,-1)282 -b(;deallocate)19 b(stack)i(space)g(for)g(BLT)g(instruction)0 -1946 y FJ(The)14 b(restore)i(is)e(accomplished)f(with)g(somewhat)g(less)i -(fuss:)174 2071 y FB(MOVSI)65 b(16,-16\(17\))172 b(;in-section)19 -b(first)i(source)g(address,,0)174 2121 y(PUSH)87 b(17,[BLT)20 -b(16,16])86 b(;instruction)19 b(to)j(XCT,)f(in)g(stack's)f(section)174 -2170 y(XCT)109 b(\(17\))304 b(;XCT)21 b(the)g(BLT.)43 b(BLT)21 -b(uses)g(local)g(addressing)174 2220 y(ADJSP)65 b(17,-20)260 -b(;deallocate)19 b(space)i(for)g(BLT)h(and)f(ACs)0 2380 y FJ(F)m(or)13 -b(a)g(rev)o(erse)i FC(BL)m(T)f FJ(pro)q(cedure)h(\(highest)f(addresses)h -(\014rst\),)f(refer)g(to)g(the)f FC(POP)f FJ(instruction)i(\()p -FH(x)q FJ(2.10\))e(or)h(to)g(the)0 2430 y FC(XBL)m(T)g FJ(instruction)i(b)q -(elo)o(w.)p 0 2457 720 2 v 46 2484 a Fr(7)64 2495 y Fq(This)e(co)q(de)e(can)h -(b)q(e)h(run)f(in)h(an)o(y)f(section,)f(regardless)g(of)h(whether)g(the)g -(stac)o(k)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(is)i(global)e(or)i(lo)q(cal.)18 -b(Note:)g(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)0 2535 y(the)11 b(region)f(of)h(the)g(stac)o(k)f -(in)h(whic)o(h)g(the)g(accum)o(ulato)o(rs)e(are)i(b)q(eing)f(stored)g(m)o -(ust)g(not)h(cross)g(a)g(section)f(b)q(oundary)m(.)p eop -%%Page: 61 11 -61 10 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.1.)31 b(FULL{W)o(ORD)13 b(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)f -(TRANSMISSION)928 b FJ(61)p 150 363 1495 4 v 150 288 V 148 -361 4 75 v 1643 361 V 688 361 V 729 361 V 896 361 V 162 393 -a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 338 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 393 y Fq(8)p 522 361 V 24 w(9)591 -338 y FE(A)150 255 y Fk(XBL)-5 b(T)197 b(Blo)r(ck)19 b(T)-5 -b(ransfer)306 337 y FJ(123)p 276 512 1495 4 v 276 438 V 274 -511 4 75 v 1769 511 V 814 511 V 855 511 V 1021 511 V 288 542 -a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)824 487 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)620 542 y Fq(8)p 648 511 V 23 w(9)712 -487 y FJ(00)-322 b(020)-331 b FE(E0)1791 490 y(E1)20 b FJ(is)14 -b(not)f(used.)2067 475 y Fs(8)150 638 y FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)g(a)f(blo)q(c)o(k)h(of) -f(w)o(ords)h(from)f(one)h(area)g(of)f(memory)f(to)h(another.)19 -b(The)13 b(blo)q(c)o(k)g(size)g(and)g(the)h(lo)q(cations)e(of)g(the)150 -687 y(source)j(and)f(destination)g(areas)g(are)g(de\014ned)h(b)o(y)f(the)g -(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(a)f(blo)q(c)o(k)h(of)f(three)i(accum)o(ulators.)p -380 833 1495 2 v 226 873 a(A)o(C)p 379 891 2 60 v 379 891 V -597 w(Num)o(b)q(er)f(of)f(W)m(ords)h(in)f(Blo)q(c)o(k)p 1874 -891 V 380 892 1495 2 v 226 933 a(A)o(C+1)p 379 951 2 60 v 145 -w(00)p 628 951 V 498 w(Lo)q(cation)g(of)h(Source)h(Blo)q(c)o(k)p -1874 951 V 380 952 1495 2 v 226 992 a(A)o(C+2)p 379 1010 2 -60 v 145 w(00)p 628 1010 V 453 w(Lo)q(cation)f(of)f(Destination)g(Blo)q(c)o -(k)p 1874 1010 V 380 1012 1495 2 v 402 1052 a Fs(0)182 b(5)33 -b(6)1162 b(35)150 1144 y FJ(P)o(erform)13 b(a)h(forw)o(ard)f(or)h(bac)o(kw)o -(ard)g(blo)q(c)o(k)f(transfer)982 1129 y Fs(9)1016 1144 y FJ(as)h(follo)o -(ws.)225 1250 y(If)i(A)o(C)h(con)o(tains)g(a)f(p)q(ositiv)o(e)h(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)f FE(N)7 b FJ(,)16 b(mo)o(v)o(e)f(a)h(blo)q(c)o(k)h(of)f -FE(N)23 b FJ(w)o(ords)17 b(from)e(a)i(source)h(area)f(b)q(eginning)225 -1300 y(at)e(the)h(lo)q(cation)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)e(A)o(C+1)h(to)f(a)g -(destination)g(area)g(b)q(eginning)g(at)g(the)h(lo)q(cation)e(sp)q(eci\014ed) -j(b)o(y)225 1350 y(A)o(C+2)g(and)g(extending)h(through)f(increasing)g -(addresses.)31 b(A)o(t)17 b(the)h(end,)g(A)o(C)f(is)g(clear,)h(and)f(A)o(C+1) -g(and)225 1400 y(A)o(C+2)g(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)i(con)o(tain)d(addresses)j(1)e -(greater)h(than)f(those)h(of)f(the)g(\014nal)g(source)h(and)f(destination)225 -1449 y(lo)q(cations)c(referenced.)225 1571 y(If)h(A)o(C)g(con)o(tains)g(a)g -(negativ)o(e)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g FH(\000)p Fz(N)5 b FJ(,)14 -b(mo)o(v)o(e)e(a)i(blo)q(c)o(k)g(of)g FE(N)21 b FJ(w)o(ords)14 -b(from)f(a)h(source)h(area)g(b)q(eginning)225 1620 y(at)g(a)g(lo)q(cation)f -(1)h(less)h(than)f(that)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(A)o(C+1)g(to)g(a)g -(destination)g(area)g(b)q(eginning)g(at)g(a)g(lo)q(cation)225 -1670 y(1)h(less)h(than)f(that)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e(A)o(C+2)g(and)g -(extending)h(through)f(decreasing)i(addresses.)28 b(A)o(t)16 -b(the)h(end,)225 1720 y(A)o(C)g(is)g(clear,)h(and)f(A)o(C+1)h(and)f(A)o(C+2)g -(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)h(con)o(tain)f(the)h(addresses)h(of)e(the)h(\014nal)f -(source)h(and)225 1770 y(destination)c(lo)q(cations)f(referenced.)150 -1876 y FE(Notes:)19 b FJ(The)11 b(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(A)o(C+1)h(and)g(A)o -(C+2)f(are)i(in)o(terpreted)g(as)f(30{bit)f(global)f(addresses.)19 -b(This)11 b(instruction)150 1926 y(is)i(legal)f(in)h(section)g(zero,)h(and)f -(it)g(can)g(reference)i(addresses)h(in)c(non{zero)i(sections)g(when)g -(executed)h(in)d(section)150 1976 y(zero.)952 2086 y FF(Caution)254 -2177 y FJ(This)e(instruction)g(uses)i(three)f(accum)o(ulators,)f(and)g(under) -h(no)f(circumstances)h(should)f(an)o(y)g(of)g(these)254 2227 -y(three)16 b(b)q(e)g(part)f(of)f(either)i(the)g(source)g(or)f(destination)g -(blo)q(c)o(k.)21 b(Because)16 b(of)f(the)g(p)q(ossibilit)o(y)f(of)g(an)254 -2277 y(in)o(terrupt)f(or)f(page)g(failure,)f(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f -(these)i(accum)o(ulators,)d(ev)o(en)i(as)f(a)g(source,)h(cannot)g(b)q(e)254 -2327 y(guaran)o(teed.)21 b(In)15 b(an)o(y)f(ev)o(en)o(t,)i(a)e -FC(BL)m(T)h FJ(can)g(store)h(\(or)f(load\))f(the)h(accum)o(ulators)f(to)h -(\(or)f(from\))g(an)o(y)254 2377 y(section.)p 150 2472 720 -2 v 196 2499 a Fr(8)214 2511 y Fh(I)5 b Fq(,)11 b Fh(X)5 b -Fq(,)12 b(and)f Fh(Y)19 b Fq(are)10 b(reserv)o(ed)g(and)g(should)g(b)q(e)h -(zero.)196 2539 y Fr(9)214 2550 y Fq(As)g(of)g(KL10)g(micro)q(co)q(de)d -(2.1[442],)h(there)h(is)h(a)g(problem)d(when)j Fv(XBL)m(T)g -Fq(is)g(executed)d(b)o(y)j Fv(PX)o(CT)p Fq(:)f(the)g(optimization)e(of)i -(reading)150 2590 y(only)j(the)h(\014rst)g(source)f(w)o(ord)i(when)f(the)g -(destination)d(address)i(is)i(precisely)d(1)i(larger)f(than)h(the)g(source)f -(address)g(in)h(a)g(forw)o(ard)150 2629 y(transfer)c(is)h(mistak)o(enly)e -(applied)g(when)i(the)g(source)f(and)h(destination)d(addresses)i(are)h(in)g -(di\013eren)o(t)e(con)o(texts.)p eop -%%Page: 62 12 -62 11 bop 0 50 a FJ(62)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FA(2.2)70 b(Fixed{P)n(oin)n(t)22 b(Arithm)o(eti)o(c)0 -322 y FJ(F)m(or)14 b(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)h(arithmetic)e(the)i(PDP{10)f(has)h -(instructions)h(for)e(p)q(erforming)f(addition,)g(subtraction,)i(m)o(ul-)0 -372 y(tiplication,)d(and)i(division)f(of)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(in)h(single{)g -(and)g(double{precision)g(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)g(format)e(\()p -FH(x)q FJ(1.5.1\),)g(al-)0 421 y(though)g(double{precision)h(is)f(not)h(a)o -(v)n(ailable)d(in)i(the)h(KI10)f(or)h(KA10.)k(The)c(pro)q(cessor)h(can)f -(also)f(do)g(arithmetic)0 471 y(shifting|whic)o(h)j(is)h(essen)o(tially)g(m)o -(ultiplicatio)o(n)d(b)o(y)j(a)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)h(of)e(2|but)h(those)h -(instructions)g(are)f(discussed)0 521 y(with)e(logical)e(shifting)h(and)g -(rotating)h(\()p FH(x)p FJ(2.5\).)j(F)m(or)d(single{precision,)f(the)i(add)e -(and)h(subtract)h(instructions)g(in-)0 571 y(v)o(olv)o(e)10 -b(only)f(single{length)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)g(whereas)i(m)o(ultiply)7 -b(supplies)k(a)f(double{length)g(pro)q(duct)h(and)f(divide)g(uses)0 -621 y(a)k(double{length)f(dividend.)18 b(There)c(are)h(also)e(in)o(teger)h(m) -o(ultiply)d(and)j(divide)f(instructions)h(that)g(in)o(v)o(olv)o(e)f(only)0 -670 y(single{length)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(and)g(are)g(esp)q(ecially)h(suited)f -(for)g(handling)f(smaller)f(in)o(tegers,)j(particularly)e(those)i(of)0 -720 y(eigh)o(teen)c(bits)f(or)g(less)g(suc)o(h)h(as)f(addresses,)j(b)o(ytes,) -d(and)g(c)o(haracter)i(co)q(des.)18 b(F)m(or)10 b(double{precision,)i(the)f -(add)g(and)0 770 y(subtract)17 b(instructions)f(in)o(v)o(olv)o(e)e(only)g -(double{length)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)g(whereas)i(m)o(ultiply)12 -b(supplies)k(a)f(quadruple{)0 820 y(length)e(pro)q(duct)h(and)e(divide)h -(uses)h(a)e(quadruple{length)h(dividend.)k(In)c(all)f(cases,)i(the)f(p)q -(osition)g(of)f(the)h(binary)0 870 y(p)q(oin)o(t)18 b(is)g(arbitrary;)i(the)g -(programmer)c(ma)o(y)g(adopt)i(an)o(y)g(p)q(oin)o(t)g(con)o(v)o(en)o(tion.)32 -b(Ev)o(en)19 b(the)g(in)o(teger)g(m)o(ultiply)0 920 y(and)13 -b(divide)g(instructions)g(can)h(b)q(e)f(used)h(for)f(small)e(fractions,)i -(pro)o(vided)g(the)g(programmer)e(k)o(eeps)j(trac)o(k)g(of)e(the)0 -969 y(binary)j(p)q(oin)o(t.)22 b(F)m(or)15 b(con)o(v)o(enience)i(in)e(the)h -(follo)o(wing)d(discussion,)i(all)g(op)q(erands)h(are)g(assumed)f(to)g(b)q(e) -h(in)o(tegers)0 1019 y(\(binary)e(p)q(oin)o(t)f(at)h(the)g(righ)o(t\).)0 -1105 y(The)j(pro)q(cessor)i(has)d(four)h(\015ags,)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)i -(Carry)e(0,)h(Carry)g(1,)f(and)h(No)f(Divide,)g(that)h(indicate)f(when)h(the) -0 1155 y(magnitude)8 b(of)h(a)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(is)g(or)h(w)o(ould)f(b)q(e) -h(larger)g(than)f(can)h(b)q(e)h(accommo)q(dated.)31 b(Carry)10 -b(0)g(and)f(Carry)h(1)f(detect)0 1204 y(carries)19 b(out)e(of)g(bits)h(0)g -(and)f(1)h(in)f(certain)h(instructions)h(that)e(emplo)o(y)f(\014xed{p)q(oin)o -(t)i(arithmetic)e(op)q(erations:)0 1254 y(the)j(add)f(and)g(subtract)h -(instructions)g(treated)g(here,)h(the)f(mo)o(v)o(e)e(instructions)i(that)f -(pro)q(duce)h(the)g(negativ)o(e)0 1304 y(or)h(magnitude)e(of)h(the)h(w)o(ord) -g(mo)o(v)o(ed)e(\()p FH(x)p FJ(2.1\),)i(and)g(the)g(arithmetic)f(test)h -(instructions)h(that)e(incremen)o(t)h(or)0 1354 y(decremen)o(t)h(the)f(test)i -(w)o(ord)d(\()p FH(x)q FJ(2.6\).)36 b(In)20 b(these)h(instructions)g(an)f -(incorrect)h(result)g(is)f(indicated|and)f(the)0 1404 y(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)c -(\015ag)g(set|if)f(the)i(carries)g(are)f(di\013eren)o(t;)h(i.e.,)e(if)g -(there)j(is)d(a)h(carry)h(in)o(to)e(the)h(sign)g(but)g(not)g(out)g(of)f(it)0 -1453 y(or)j(vice)g(v)o(ersa.)26 b(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)17 b(is)g(determined)g -(directly)g(from)d(the)k(carries,)g(not)e(from)f(the)i(carry)g(\015ags,)g(b)q -(ecause)0 1503 y(their)e(states)h(ma)o(y)d(re\015ect)k(ev)o(en)o(ts)e(in)g -(previous)g(instructions.)21 b(The)16 b(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)f(\015ag)f(is)h -(also)f(set)i(b)o(y)e(No)h(Divide)0 1553 y(b)q(eing)f(set,)g(whic)o(h)f -(means)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(has)d(failed)g(to)g(p)q(erform)g(a)h(division)e -(b)q(ecause)j(the)f(magnitude)e(of)h(the)0 1603 y(dividend)g(is)h(greater)h -(than)e(or)h(equal)f(to)h(that)g(of)f(the)h(divisor)f(or,)h(in)f(in)o(teger)h -(divide,)f(simply)e(that)j(the)h(divisor)0 1653 y(is)j(zero.)30 -b(In)18 b(other)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)e(cases,)j(only)d(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h -(itself)f(is)h(set:)27 b(these)19 b(include)f(to)q(o)g(large)f(a)h(pro)q -(duct)g(in)0 1702 y(m)o(ultiplicatio)o(n,)10 b(to)q(o)j(large)f(a)h(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)f(to)h(con)o(v)o(ert)h(to)e(\014xed)i(p)q(oin)o(t)e(\()p -FH(x)q FJ(2.3\),)f(and)i(loss)g(of)f(signi\014can)o(t)h(bits)g(in)f(left)0 -1752 y(arithmetic)h(shifting.)k(An)o(y)d(condition)f(that)h(sets)h(Ov)o -(er\015o)o(w)f(also)f(sets)j(the)e(T)m(rap)g(1)f(\015ag)h(\()p -FH(x)p FJ(2.9\).)0 1838 y(These)19 b(\015ags)e(can)g(b)q(e)h(read)g(and)f -(con)o(trolled)g(b)o(y)g(certain)h(program)e(con)o(trol)h(instructions)h(\()p -FH(x)p FJ(2.9,)f FH(x)p FJ(2.16\),)g(but)0 1888 y(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)e(is)g -(usually)g(handled)g(b)o(y)g(trapping)g(through)h(the)g(setting)g(of)f(T)m -(rap)g(1)g(\()p FH(x)p FJ(2.9\).)22 b(The)16 b(KA10)f(lac)o(ks)g(the)0 -1937 y(trapping)i(feature,)h(so)f(its)g(program)f(m)o(ust)g(mak)o(e)f(direct) -j(use)g(of)f(the)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)f(\015ag,)g(whic)o(h)g(is)g(a)o(v)n -(ailable)e(as)0 1987 y(a)j(pro)q(cessor)h(condition)e(\(via)h(an)f(in{out)g -(instruction\))i(that)f(can)g(request)h(a)f(priorit)o(y)f(in)o(terrupt)i(if)e -(enabled)0 2037 y(\()p FH(x)q FJ(4.3.6\).)j(In)c(an)o(y)f(ev)o(en)o(t,)g -(user)i(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)e(is)g(handled)g(b)o(y)g(the)h(Monitor)f -(according)h(to)f(instructions)h(from)d(the)0 2087 y(user,)j(as)f(describ)q -(ed)h(in)f(Chapter)g(3)g(of)f(the)h(appropriate)g(Monitor)g(Calls)f(man)o -(ual.)k(The)d(conditions)g(detected)0 2137 y(can)i(only)f(set)h(the)g -(arithmetic)f(\015ags,)h(and)f(the)h(hardw)o(are)g(do)q(es)h(not)e(clear)h -(them;)g(the)g(program)e(m)o(ust)h(clear)0 2187 y(them)9 b(b)q(efore)h(an)g -(instruction)g(if)f(they)h(are)g(to)f(giv)o(e)h(meaningful)d(information)f -(ab)q(out)k(the)g(instruction)g(afterw)o(ard.)0 2236 y(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)i -(the)h(program)d(can)j(c)o(hec)o(k)g(the)f(\015ags)g(follo)o(wing)e(a)h -(series)j(of)d(instructions)i(to)f(determine)g(whether)h(the)0 -2286 y(en)o(tire)j(series)h(w)o(as)e(free)i(of)d(the)j(t)o(yp)q(es)f(of)f -(error)h(detected.)25 b(Besides)17 b(indicating)d(error)j(t)o(yp)q(es,)f(the) -g(carry)g(\015ags)0 2336 y(facilitate)d(p)q(erforming)f(m)o -(ultiple{precision)g(arithmetic.)p eop -%%Page: 63 13 -63 12 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.2.)31 b(FIXED{POINT)14 b(ARITHMETIC)1078 -b FJ(63)150 195 y FF(2.2.1)55 b(Single{Precision)17 b(Instructions)150 -307 y FJ(As)12 b(noted)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)g(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f -(manipulated)f(b)o(y)h(these)i(instructions)g(are)f(single{length)f(except)i -(for)e(double{)150 357 y(length)16 b(pro)q(ducts)i(and)e(dividends.)26 -b(Suc)o(h)17 b(double{length)f(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(are)h -(in)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(,)h(where)150 407 y(the)12 b(magnitude)e(is)i(the)g -(70{bit)e(string)i(in)f(bits)h(1{35)e(of)h(the)h(t)o(w)o(o)g(w)o(ords,)f(the) -i(sign)e(is)g(in)g(bit)h(0)f(of)g(the)h(high{order)150 457 -y(w)o(ord,)17 b(and)f(bit)g(0)g(of)g(the)h(lo)o(w{order)f(w)o(ord)g(con)o -(tains)h(a)f(cop)o(y)h(of)e(the)i(sign.)26 b(All)16 b(six)g(instructions)h -(ha)o(v)o(e)f(four)150 507 y(mo)q(des)d(that)h(determine)g(the)g(source)i(of) -d(the)h(non{A)o(C)g(op)q(erand)g(and)g(the)g(destination)g(of)f(the)i -(result.)993 689 y Fm(Sour)n(c)n(e)j(of)f(non{)106 b(Destination)437 -739 y(Mo)n(de)185 b(Su\016x)139 b(A)o(C)18 b(op)n(er)n(and)170 -b(of)17 b(r)n(esult)437 832 y FJ(Basic)460 b FE(E)396 b FJ(A)o(C)437 -882 y(Immediate)104 b(I)242 b(The)15 b(w)o(ord)e(0,)p FE(E)175 -b FJ(A)o(C)437 931 y(Memory)148 b(M)219 b FE(E)396 b(E)437 -981 y FJ(Both)210 b(B)228 b FE(E)396 b FJ(A)o(C)14 b(and)f -FE(E)p 150 1237 1495 4 v 150 1162 V 148 1235 4 75 v 1643 1235 -V 688 1235 V 729 1235 V 896 1235 V 162 1267 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1212 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)494 1267 y Fq(8)p 522 1235 V 24 w(9)591 1212 y FE(A)150 -1129 y Fk(ADD)215 b(Add)264 1211 y FJ(270)p 439 1235 V 456 -1212 a FE(M)411 1267 y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 1362 y FJ(Add)14 b(the)f(op)q(erand)h -(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e FE(M)21 b FJ(to)13 b(A)o(C)g(and)g(place)h(the)g -(result)g(in)f(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(destination.)k(If)13 -b(the)h(sum)150 1412 y(is)g FH(\025)h FJ(2)260 1397 y Fs(35)295 -1412 y FJ(,)f(set)h(T)m(rap)f(1,)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)g(and)g(Carry)h(1;)e -(the)i(result)g(stored)h(has)e(a)g(min)o(us)f(sign)h(but)h(a)f(magnitude)e -(in)150 1462 y(p)q(ositiv)o(e)j(form)f(equal)h(to)g(the)h(sum)f(less)h(2)830 -1447 y Fs(35)865 1462 y FJ(.)23 b(If)15 b(the)h(sum)e(is)i -Fz(<)e FH(\000)p FJ(2)1248 1447 y Fs(35)1283 1462 y FJ(,)i(set)g(T)m(rap)f -(1,)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)h(and)f(Carry)h(0;)150 1512 y(the)g(result)g(stored)g -(has)g(a)e(plus)i(sign)f(but)g(a)g(magnitude)f(in)g(negativ)o(e)i(form)d -(equal)i(to)g(the)h(sum)e(plus)h(2)1823 1497 y Fs(35)1858 1512 -y FJ(.)22 b(Set)150 1562 y(b)q(oth)14 b(carry)g(\015ags)f(if)g(b)q(oth)g -(addends)i(are)f(negativ)o(e,)e(or)i(if)f(their)g(signs)h(di\013er)g(and)f -(their)h(magnitudes)e(are)i(equal)150 1611 y(or)g(if)f(the)h(p)q(ositiv)o(e)g -(one)g(is)g(the)g(greater)h(in)f(magnitude.)212 1753 y FB(ADD)134 -b FJ(Add)1336 b(270)212 1803 y FB(ADDI)112 b FJ(Add)14 b(Immediate)1127 -b(271)212 1853 y FB(ADDM)112 b FJ(Add)14 b(to)g(Memory)1120 -b(272)212 1902 y FB(ADDB)112 b FJ(Add)14 b(to)g(Both)1182 b(273)p -150 2194 1495 4 v 150 2119 V 148 2192 4 75 v 1643 2192 V 688 -2192 V 729 2192 V 896 2192 V 162 2224 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2169 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2224 -y Fq(8)p 522 2192 V 24 w(9)591 2169 y FE(A)150 2086 y Fk(SUB)227 -b(Subtract)264 2168 y FJ(274)p 439 2192 V 456 2169 a FE(M)411 -2224 y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 2319 y FJ(Subtract)16 b(the)g(op)q(erand)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e FE(M)22 b FJ(from)14 b(A)o(C)h(and)g(place)g(the)h -(result)g(in)e(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(destination.)k(If)150 -2369 y(the)15 b(di\013erence)h(is)e FH(\025)g FJ(2)517 2354 -y Fs(35)552 2369 y FJ(,)g(set)h(T)m(rap)f(1,)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)h(and)g -(Carry)h(1;)e(the)i(result)g(stored)g(has)g(a)e(min)o(us)g(sign)h(but)g(a)150 -2419 y(magnitude)f(in)i(p)q(ositiv)o(e)f(form)f(equal)i(to)f(the)i -(di\013erence)g(less)g(2)1179 2404 y Fs(35)1214 2419 y FJ(.)k(If)15 -b(the)g(di\013erence)i(is)e Fz(<)e FH(\000)p FJ(2)1689 2404 -y Fs(35)1724 2419 y FJ(,)i(set)g(T)m(rap)g(1,)150 2469 y(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)f -(and)g(Carry)g(0;)f(the)i(result)f(stored)h(has)f(a)g(plus)g(sign)g(but)g(a)g -(magnitude)e(in)h(negativ)o(e)h(form)e(equal)i(to)150 2519 -y(the)g(di\013erence)h(plus)f(2)515 2503 y Fs(35)550 2519 y -FJ(.)k(Set)c(b)q(oth)f(carry)h(\015ags)g(if)e(the)i(signs)g(of)f(the)h(op)q -(erands)g(are)g(the)g(same)e(and)i(A)o(C)f(is)g(the)150 2568 -y(greater)i(or)f(the)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(are)g(equal,)f(or)h(if)f(the)h(signs)g(of) -g(the)g(op)q(erands)h(di\013er)f(and)g(A)o(C)g(is)g(negativ)o(e.)p -eop -%%Page: 64 14 -64 13 bop 0 50 a FJ(64)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)62 247 y FB(SUB)134 b FJ(Subtract)1257 b(274)62 -297 y FB(SUBI)112 b FJ(Subtract)15 b(Immediate)1047 b(275)62 -347 y FB(SUBM)112 b FJ(Subtract)15 b(to)f(Memory)1040 b(276)62 -397 y FB(SUBB)112 b FJ(Subtract)15 b(to)f(Both)1102 b(277)p -0 688 1495 4 v 0 613 V -2 686 4 75 v 1493 686 V 538 686 V 579 -686 V 746 686 V 12 718 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 663 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 718 y Fq(8)p -372 686 V 24 w(9)441 663 y FE(A)0 580 y Fk(MUL)216 b(Multiply)114 -663 y FJ(224)p 289 686 V 129 w FE(M)261 718 y Fq(6)24 b(7)0 -814 y FJ(Multiply)15 b(A)o(C)i(b)o(y)f(the)i(op)q(erand)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b) -o(y)f FE(M)23 b FJ(and)17 b(place)g(the)g(high{order)f(w)o(ord)h(of)f(the)h -(double{length)0 863 y(result)e(in)g(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(destination.)21 -b(If)14 b FE(M)22 b FJ(sp)q(eci\014es)16 b(A)o(C)f(as)g(a)f(destination,)g -(place)h(the)h(lo)o(w{order)e(w)o(ord)g(in)0 913 y(A)o(C+1.)j(If)12 -b(b)q(oth)g(op)q(erands)h(are)f FH(\000)p FJ(2)573 898 y Fs(35)608 -913 y FJ(,)g(set)h(T)m(rap)e(1)h(and)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w;)g(the)g -(double{length)g(result)h(stored)g(is)e FH(\000)p FJ(2)1753 -898 y Fs(70)1788 913 y FJ(.)62 1055 y FB(MUL)134 b FJ(Multiply)1255 -b(224)62 1105 y FB(MULI)112 b FJ(Multiply)13 b(Immediate)1047 -b(225)62 1154 y FB(MULM)112 b FJ(Multiply)13 b(to)h(Memory)1040 -b(226)62 1204 y FB(MULB)112 b FJ(Multiply)13 b(to)h(Both)1102 -b(227)802 1365 y FF(Caution)104 1456 y FJ(In)15 b(the)g(KA10,)g(an)g(A)o(C)f -(op)q(erand)i(of)e FH(\000)p FJ(2)757 1441 y Fs(35)807 1456 -y FJ(is)h(treated)h(as)f(though)g(it)g(w)o(ere)h(+2)1381 1441 -y Fs(35)1416 1456 y FJ(,)f(pro)q(ducing)g(the)104 1506 y(incorrect)g(sign)f -(in)f(the)h(pro)q(duct.)p 0 1832 1495 4 v 0 1758 V -2 1831 -4 75 v 1493 1831 V 538 1831 V 579 1831 V 746 1831 V 12 1862 -a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1808 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1862 y Fq(8)p 372 1831 V 24 w(9)441 -1808 y FE(A)0 1724 y Fk(IMUL)200 b(Integer)20 b(Multiply)114 -1807 y FJ(220)p 289 1831 V 306 1808 a FE(M)261 1862 y Fq(6)k(7)0 -1958 y FJ(Multiply)16 b(A)o(C)h(b)o(y)f(the)i(op)q(erand)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g -(b)o(y)f FE(M)24 b FJ(and)17 b(place)g(the)g(sign)g(and)g(the)h(35)e(lo)o -(w{order)h(magnitude)0 2008 y(bits)d(of)g(the)h(pro)q(duct)g(in)f(the)g(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(destination.)j(Set)c(T)m(rap)f(1)g(and)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(if)g -(the)g(pro)q(duct)h(is)g FH(\025)d FJ(2)1714 1993 y Fs(35)1763 -2008 y FJ(or)0 2057 y Fz(<)h FH(\000)p FJ(2)98 2042 y Fs(35)147 -2057 y FJ(\(i.e.,)h(if)f(the)j(high{order)e(w)o(ord)g(of)g(the)h(double)g -(length)f(pro)q(duct)h(is)g(not)f(n)o(ull\);)g(the)h(high{order)f(w)o(ord)0 -2107 y(is)g(lost.)62 2241 y FB(IMUL)112 b FJ(In)o(teger)15 -b(Multiply)1114 b(220)62 2291 y FB(IMULI)90 b FJ(In)o(teger)15 -b(Multiply)e(Immediate)906 b(221)62 2340 y FB(IMULM)90 b FJ(In)o(teger)15 -b(Multiply)e(to)g(Memory)900 b(222)62 2390 y FB(IMULB)90 b -FJ(In)o(teger)15 b(Multiply)e(to)g(Both)962 b(223)p eop -%%Page: 65 15 -65 14 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.2.)31 b(FIXED{POINT)14 b(ARITHMETIC)1078 -b FJ(65)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 75 v 1643 353 -V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 384 -y Fq(8)p 522 353 V 24 w(9)591 330 y FE(A)150 246 y Fk(DIV)239 -b(Divide)264 329 y FJ(234)p 439 353 V 456 330 a FE(M)411 384 -y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 480 y FJ(If)12 b(division)g(is)g(not)h(p)q(ossible,)g -(either)g(b)q(ecause)i(the)e(op)q(erand)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f -FE(M)20 b FJ(is)12 b(zero)i(or)e(b)q(ecause)j(the)e(quotien)o(t)150 -530 y(w)o(ould)j(not)h(b)q(e)h(represen)o(table)h(\(i.e.,)e(if)f(the)i -(quotien)o(t)f(is)g(larger)g(than)g(2)1336 515 y Fs(35)1383 -530 y FH(\000)11 b FJ(1)17 b(or)g(smaller)f(than)h FH(\000)p -FJ(2)1818 515 y Fs(35)1853 530 y FJ(\),)h(set)150 580 y(T)m(rap)c(1,)g(Ov)o -(er\015o)o(w,)h(and)f(No)h(Divide)f(and)g(go)g(immediately)d(to)k(the)g(next) -g(instruction)g(without)f(a\013ecting)h(the)150 629 y(original)d(A)o(C)i(or)g -(memory)d(op)q(erand)j(in)g(an)o(y)f(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)952 614 -y Fs(10)150 715 y FJ(If)18 b(division)g(is)g(p)q(ossible,)i(divide)e(the)i -(double{length)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(con)o(tained)h(in)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)h(b)o(y) -f(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)150 765 y(op)q(erand,)c(calculating)e(a)i(quotien)o(t) -f(of)g(35)g(magnitude)f(bits)i(including)f(leading)f(zeros.)22 -b(Place)15 b(the)g(unrounded)150 815 y(quotien)o(t)f(in)g(the)h(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(destination.)i(If)c FE(M)22 b FJ(sp)q(eci\014es)16 -b(A)o(C)e(as)g(a)g(destination,)g(place)g(the)h(remainder,)e(with)150 -864 y(the)h(same)f(sign)h(as)g(the)h(dividend,)e(in)g(A)o(C+1.)212 -1006 y FB(DIV)134 b FJ(Divide)1294 b(234)212 1056 y FB(DIVI)112 -b FJ(Divide)13 b(Immediate)1086 b(235)212 1106 y FB(DIVM)112 -b FJ(Divide)13 b(to)h(Memory)1079 b(236)212 1155 y FB(DIVB)112 -b FJ(Divide)13 b(to)h(Both)1141 b(237)150 1275 y FE(Note)s -FJ(:)18 b(The)c(magnitude)f(restriction)h(is)g(required)h(b)q(ecause)h(the)e -(quotien)o(t)g(dev)o(elop)q(ed)g(w)o(ould)f(exceed)j(36)d(bits.)p -150 1524 1495 4 v 150 1449 V 148 1522 4 75 v 1643 1522 V 688 -1522 V 729 1522 V 896 1522 V 162 1553 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1499 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1553 -y Fq(8)p 522 1522 V 24 w(9)591 1499 y FE(A)150 1415 y Fk(IDIV)223 -b(Integer)20 b(Divide)264 1498 y FJ(230)p 439 1522 V 456 1499 -a FE(M)411 1553 y Fq(6)k(7)150 1649 y FJ(If)18 b(the)i(op)q(erand)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f FE(M)26 b FJ(is)18 b(zero,)j(or)e(A)o(C)f(con)o(tains)h -FH(\000)p FJ(2)1243 1634 y Fs(35)1297 1649 y FJ(and)g(the)g(op)q(erand)g(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)d FE(M)26 b FJ(is)150 1699 y FH(\000)p FJ(1)18 -b(\(except)i(in)e(the)h(KS10\),)g(set)g(T)m(rap)f(1,)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)g -(and)f(No)g(Divide)g(and)g(go)g(imm)o(ediately)d(to)k(the)f(next)150 -1749 y(instruction)13 b(without)g(a\013ecting)g(the)g(original)e(A)o(C)i(or)g -(memory)d(op)q(erand)j(in)g(an)o(y)f(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)17 b(Otherwise,)d(divide)e -(A)o(C)150 1799 y(b)o(y)h(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(op)q(erand,)f(calculating)e -(a)h(quotien)o(t)h(of)e(35)h(magnitude)f(bits)i(including)e(leading)g(zeros.) -20 b(Place)150 1848 y(the)14 b(unrounded)g(quotien)o(t)f(in)g(the)h(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(destination.)j(If)13 b FE(M)20 b FJ(sp)q(eci\014es)15 -b(A)o(C)f(as)f(the)h(destination,)f(place)g(the)150 1898 y(remainder,)g(with) -g(the)i(same)e(sign)g(as)h(the)h(dividend,)e(in)g(A)o(C+1.)212 -2040 y FB(IDIV)112 b FJ(In)o(teger)15 b(Divide)1153 b(230)212 -2090 y FB(IDIVI)90 b FJ(In)o(teger)15 b(Divide)e(Immediate)945 -b(231)212 2139 y FB(IDIVM)90 b FJ(In)o(teger)15 b(Divide)e(to)h(Memory)938 -b(232)212 2189 y FB(IDIVB)90 b FJ(In)o(teger)15 b(Divide)e(to)h(Both)1000 -b(233)p 150 2266 720 2 v 181 2293 a Fr(10)214 2305 y Fq(Division)7 -b(is)h(alw)o(a)o(ys)h(p)q(ossible)e(when)h(the)g(magnitude)e(of)i(the)h(op)q -(erand)d(in)j(A)o(C)h(is)e(smaller)f(than)h(the)g(magnitude)e(of)i(the)g(op)q -(erand)150 2344 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)i Fh(M)5 b Fq(.)11 -b(Division)e(is)h(nev)o(er)g(p)q(ossible)e(when)i(the)g(magnitude)e(of)i(the) -g(op)q(erand)e(in)i(A)o(C)i(is)e(greater)f(than)g(the)h(magnitude)e(of)150 -2384 y(the)j(op)q(erand)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)i Fh(M)5 b -Fq(.)12 b(When)f(the)f(magnitudes)f(are)h(equal,)g(the)h(signs)g(of)g(the)f -(op)q(erands)g(\(and)g(sometimes)f(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)150 -2423 y(of)j(A)o(C+1\))h(determine)d(whether)h(or)g(not)h(the)f(division)g(is) -h(p)q(ossible.)18 b(If)13 b(the)g(divisor)e(is)j(p)q(ositiv)o(e)d(and)h(the)h -(dividend)e(is)i(negativ)o(e,)150 2463 y(division)e(is)i(allo)o(w)o(ed;)g(if) -g(b)q(oth)e(op)q(erands)g(are)h(p)q(ositiv)o(e,)g(division)f(is)i(imp)q -(ossible.)k(When)12 b(the)h(divisor)e(is)i(negativ)o(e,)e(the)h(con)o(ten)o -(ts)150 2502 y(of)i(A)o(C+1)h(determine)c(whether)i(division)f(is)i(p)q -(ossible:)19 b(if)13 b(the)h(dividend)d(is)j(p)q(ositiv)o(e,)f(the)g -(division)f(is)i(p)q(ossible)e(only)h(when)h(the)150 2542 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)d -(of)h(A)o(C+1)i(are)e(less)h(than)e(the)i(magnitude)c(of)k(the)f(divisor;)g -(if)g(the)g(dividend)f(is)h(negativ)o(e,)f(division)g(is)i(p)q(ossible)e -(only)g(if)150 2581 y(there)f(are)h(bits)g(of)g(signi\014cance)d(in)k(A)o -(C+1.)p eop -%%Page: 66 16 -66 15 bop 0 50 a FJ(66)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)802 224 y FF(Caution)104 315 y FJ(In)j(the)g(KS10,)g -(dividing)f FH(\000)p FJ(2)576 300 y Fs(35)628 315 y FJ(b)o(y)g -FH(\000)p FJ(1)h(giv)o(es)g FH(\000)p FJ(2)916 300 y Fs(35)968 -315 y FJ(with)g(no)f(error)i(indication.)26 b(In)17 b(the)h(KA10,)104 -365 y(KI10,)d(and)f(a)h(KL10)g(with)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(v)o(ersion)g(b)q -(efore)h(271)e(\(whic)o(h)h(includes)h(all)e(single{section)104 -415 y(KL10s\),)f(the)i(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)e(action)h(is)g(also)f(triggered)h -(b)o(y)g(attempting)f(to)g(divide)h FH(\000)p FJ(2)1419 400 -y Fs(35)1468 415 y FJ(b)o(y)f(+1.)0 641 y FF(2.2.2)55 b(Double{Precision)17 -b(Instructions)910 619 y Fs(11)0 753 y FJ(There)i(are)g(just)f(four)g -(instructions)h(for)f(the)h(four)f(basic)g(op)q(erations,)h(and)f(they)h(ha)o -(v)o(e)f(no)g(mo)q(des.)30 b(All)17 b(use)0 803 y(A)o(C)e(and)f(memory)f(op)q -(erands)j(and)e(place)h(the)h(result)f(in)g(the)g(accum)o(ulators.)20 -b(Memory)14 b(op)q(erands)i(are)f(double)0 853 y(length)j(in)g(lo)q(cation)f -Fz(E)r(;)7 b(E)k FJ(+)e(1.)514 838 y Fs(12)580 853 y FJ(Most)18 -b(A)o(C)g(op)q(erands)h(are)g(double{length)f(in)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1,)h(but)h -(pro)q(ducts)0 903 y(and)e(dividends)f(are)h(quadruple{length)g(in)f(A)o(C,A) -o(C+1,A)o(C+2,A)o(C+3)o(,)g(and)h(the)g(double{length)g(remainder)0 -953 y(in)12 b(division)f(is)h(placed)h(in)f(A)o(C+2,A)o(C+3.)17 -b(Double{length)12 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(the)h(same)f(format)e -(as)j(the)g(pro)q(ducts)0 1002 y(and)j(dividends)g(of)g(single{precision)g -(instructions)h(discussed)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)25 b(In)17 b(quadruple{length)f -(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)g(A)o(C)0 1052 y(con)o(tains)e(the)g(highest)g(order)g(w)o -(ord;)f(the)h(magnitude)e(is)i(the)g(140{bit)e(string)i(in)f(bits)h(1{35)f -(of)g(the)h(four)f(w)o(ords,)0 1102 y(the)j(sign)f(is)h(in)f(bit)g(0)g(of)g -(the)h(highest)g(order)h(w)o(ord,)e(and)g(copies)h(of)f(the)i(sign)e(are)h(k) -o(ept)g(in)f(bit)g(0)g(of)g(the)h(other)0 1152 y(three)f(w)o(ords.)p -0 1393 1495 4 v 0 1318 V -2 1391 4 75 v 1493 1391 V 538 1391 -V 579 1391 V 746 1391 V 12 1422 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1368 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1422 -y Fq(8)p 372 1391 V 24 w(9)441 1368 y FE(A)0 1284 y Fk(D)n(ADD)177 -b(Double)19 b(Add)156 1367 y FJ(114)0 1518 y(Add)d(the)f(op)q(erand)h(in)f -(lo)q(cation)g Fz(E)r(;)7 b(E)k FJ(+)g(1)k(to)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)g(and)g(place)g -(the)h(result)g(in)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1.)22 b(If)15 b(the)h(sum)0 -1568 y(is)e FH(\025)h FJ(2)110 1553 y Fs(70)145 1568 y FJ(,)f(set)h(T)m(rap)f -(1,)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)g(and)g(Carry)h(1;)e(the)i(result)g(stored)h(has)e(a) -g(min)o(us)f(sign)h(but)h(a)f(magnitude)e(in)0 1618 y(p)q(ositiv)o(e)j(form)f -(equal)h(to)g(the)h(sum)f(less)h(2)680 1603 y Fs(70)715 1618 -y FJ(.)23 b(If)15 b(the)h(sum)e(is)i Fz(<)e FH(\000)p FJ(2)1098 -1603 y Fs(70)1133 1618 y FJ(,)i(set)g(T)m(rap)f(1,)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)h(and) -f(Carry)h(0;)0 1667 y(the)g(result)g(stored)g(has)g(a)e(plus)i(sign)f(but)g -(a)g(magnitude)f(in)g(negativ)o(e)i(form)d(equal)i(to)g(the)h(sum)e(plus)h(2) -1673 1652 y Fs(70)1708 1667 y FJ(.)22 b(Set)0 1717 y(b)q(oth)14 -b(carry)g(\015ags)f(if)g(b)q(oth)g(addends)i(are)f(negativ)o(e,)e(or)i(if)f -(their)g(signs)h(di\013er)g(and)f(their)h(magnitudes)e(are)i(equal)0 -1767 y(or)g(the)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e)g(one)g(is)g(the)g(greater)h(in)f -(magnitude.)p 0 2016 1495 4 v 0 1941 V -2 2014 4 75 v 1493 -2014 V 538 2014 V 579 2014 V 746 2014 V 12 2046 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1991 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)344 2046 y Fq(8)p 372 2014 V 24 w(9)441 1991 y -FE(A)0 1908 y Fk(DSUB)187 b(Double)19 b(Subtract)156 1990 y -FJ(115)0 2141 y(Subtract)f(the)g(op)q(erand)g(in)f(lo)q(cation)f -Fz(E)r(;)7 b(E)13 b FJ(+)f(1)17 b(from)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)h(and)g(place)g(the)h -(result)h(in)d(A)o(C,A)o(C+1.)28 b(If)0 2191 y(the)15 b(di\013erence)h(is)e -FH(\025)f FJ(2)366 2176 y Fs(70)401 2191 y FJ(,)g(set)j(T)m(rap)d(1,)h(Ov)o -(er\015o)o(w,)g(and)g(Carry)h(1;)f(the)g(result)h(stored)h(has)e(a)g(min)o -(us)f(sign)h(but)g(a)0 2241 y(magnitude)f(in)i(p)q(ositiv)o(e)f(form)f(equal) -i(to)f(the)i(di\013erence)g(less)g(2)1029 2226 y Fs(70)1064 -2241 y FJ(.)k(If)15 b(the)g(di\013erence)i(is)e Fz(<)e FH(\000)p -FJ(2)1539 2226 y Fs(70)1574 2241 y FJ(,)i(set)g(T)m(rap)g(1,)0 -2291 y(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)f(and)g(Carry)g(0;)f(the)i(result)f(stored)h(has)f -(a)g(plus)g(sign)g(but)g(a)g(magnitude)e(in)h(negativ)o(e)h(form)e(equal)i -(to)0 2341 y(the)f(di\013erence)i(plus)e(2)363 2326 y Fs(70)398 -2341 y FJ(.)k(Set)d(b)q(oth)e(carry)i(\015ags)e(if)g(the)i(signs)e(of)h(the)g -(op)q(erands)h(are)f(the)g(same)f(and)h(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)0 2390 -y(is)h(the)g(greater)h(or)f(the)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(are)g(equal,)f(or)h(if)f(the)i -(signs)f(of)f(the)h(op)q(erands)h(di\013er)f(and)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)g(is)f -(negativ)o(e.)p 0 2425 720 2 v 31 2452 a Fr(11)64 2464 y Fq(In)e(the)f(KI10)i -(and)e(KA10,)i(these)e(instructions)f(trap)h(as)i(unassigned)c(co)q(des)j(\() -p Fj(x)o Fq(2.16\).)31 2492 y Fr(12)64 2503 y Fq(Refer)f(to)h(the)g -(description)e(of)i Fi(E)r(;)5 b(E)10 b Fq(+)e(1)j(on)g(page)g(52.)p -eop -%%Page: 67 17 -67 16 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.3.)31 b(FLO)o(A)m(TING{POINT)14 b(ARITHMETIC)990 -b FJ(67)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 75 v 1643 353 -V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 384 -y Fq(8)p 522 353 V 24 w(9)591 330 y FE(A)150 246 y Fk(DMUL)176 -b(Double)19 b(Multiply)306 329 y FJ(116)150 480 y(Multiply)d(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)h -(b)o(y)h(the)g(op)q(erand)g(in)f(lo)q(cation)f Fz(E)r(;)7 b(E)14 -b FJ(+)d(1)18 b(and)f(place)h(the)g(quadruple{w)o(ord)f(result)h(in)150 -530 y(A)o(C{A)o(C+3.)f(If)c(b)q(oth)f(op)q(erands)i(are)f FH(\000)p -FJ(2)807 515 y Fs(70)842 530 y FJ(,)f(set)i(T)m(rap)e(1)g(and)h(Ov)o(er\015o) -o(w;)g(the)g(quadruple{length)g(result)g(stored)150 580 y(is)h -FH(\000)p FJ(2)245 564 y Fs(140)296 580 y FJ(.)p 150 824 1495 -4 v 150 749 V 148 822 4 75 v 1643 822 V 688 822 V 729 822 V -896 822 V 162 854 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)698 799 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 854 y Fq(8)p 522 822 -V 24 w(9)591 799 y FE(A)150 716 y Fk(DDIV)199 b(Double)19 b(Divide)306 -798 y FJ(117)150 949 y(If)d(the)h(magnitude)e(of)h(the)h(high{order)f(double) -h(w)o(ord)f(of)g(the)h(quadruple{length)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(in)g(A)o(C{A)o -(C+3)g(is)150 999 y(greater)c(than)f(or)g(equal)g(to)g(the)h(magnitude)d(of)i -(the)g(op)q(erand)h(in)f(lo)q(cation)f Fz(E)r(;)d(E)f FJ(+)t(1,)k(set)i(T)m -(rap)f(1,)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)g(and)150 1049 y(No)h(Divide,)g(and)g(go)g(imm) -o(ediately)e(to)i(the)h(next)g(instruction)f(without)h(a\013ecting)f(the)h -(original)e(A)o(C)h(or)g(memory)150 1099 y(op)q(erand)i(in)f(an)o(y)g(w)o(a)o -(y)m(.)j(Otherwise,)f(divide)e(the)g(quadruple)h(length)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(con)o(tained)g(in)g(the)h(accum)o(ulators)150 1148 y(b)o(y)h(the)g(op)q -(erand)h(in)e(lo)q(cation)g Fz(E)r(;)7 b(E)12 b FJ(+)e(1,)k(calculating)g(a)h -(quotien)o(t)g(of)f(70)h(magnitude)e(bits)i(including)f(leading)150 -1198 y(zeros.)21 b(Place)15 b(the)g(unrounded)g(quotien)o(t)g(in)f(A)o(C,A)o -(C+1)o(and)h(the)g(double{length)f(remainder,)g(with)g(the)h(same)150 -1248 y(sign)f(as)g(the)g(dividend,)f(in)g(A)o(C+2,A)o(C+3.)150 -1419 y FA(2.3)70 b(Floating{P)n(oin)n(t)22 b(Arithme)o(ti)o(c)1106 -1386 y Fs(13)150 1546 y FJ(F)m(or)12 b(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)g(arithmetic)f -(the)j(PDP{10)e(has)h(instructions)h(for)e(scaling)h(the)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)h -(\(whic)o(h)f(is)f(m)o(ulti-)150 1596 y(plication)d(of)h(the)h(en)o(tire)h(n) -o(um)o(b)q(er)e(b)o(y)g(a)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)h(of)f(2\);)h(p)q(erforming)e -(addition,)h(subtraction,)h(m)o(ultiplicatio)o(n,)d(and)150 -1646 y(division)16 b(of)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(in)f(single{)g(and)h -(double{precision)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(format;)g(and)h(con)o(v)o -(erting)g(single{)150 1695 y(precision)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(from)f -(\014xed{format)g(to)i(\015oating)f(and)g(vice)h(v)o(ersa.)24 -b(Except)17 b(for)e(con)o(v)o(ersion)h(op)q(erations,)150 1745 -y(instructions)j(treated)g(here)g(in)o(terpret)g(all)d(op)q(erands)j(as)f -(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)i(in)f(the)i(format)d(giv)o(en)h -(in)150 1795 y FH(x)p FJ(1.5.2)11 b(and)i(generate)h(results)g(in)e(that)h -(format.)j(The)d(reader)h(is)f(strongly)f(advised)h(to)g(reread)h -FH(x)p FJ(1.5.2)d(if)h(he)h(do)q(es)150 1845 y(not)h(remem)o(b)q(er)f(the)h -(format)e(in)i(detail.)150 1930 y(F)m(or)f(the)h(four)f(standard)h -(arithmetic)e(op)q(erations)i(in)e(single{precision,)h(the)h(program)e(has)h -(a)h(c)o(hoice)f(of)g(mo)q(des,)150 1980 y(determining)i(mostly)g(the)i -(destination)f(of)g(the)h(result,)g(and)f(can)h(select)g(whether)h(or)e(not)g -(the)h(result)g(will)e(b)q(e)150 2030 y(rounded.)29 b(Rounding)16 -b(pro)q(duces)i(the)g(greatest)h(consisten)o(t)f(precision)g(using)f(only)f -(single{length)h(op)q(erands.)150 2080 y(Instructions)12 b(without)f -(rounding)f(sa)o(v)o(e)h(time)f(in)g(one{w)o(ord)h(op)q(erations)g(where)h -(rounding)e(is)h(of)f(no)h(signi\014cance.)150 2130 y(Actually)m(,)f(the)h -(result)g(is)f(formed)f(in)h(a)g(double{length)g(register)i(in)e(addition,)g -(subtraction,)h(and)f(m)o(ultiplicatio)o(n,)150 2179 y(wherein)i(an)o(y)e -(bits)i(of)e(signi\014cance)i(in)e(the)i(lo)o(w{order)f(part)g(supply)g -(information)d(for)j(normalization,)d(and)j(then)150 2229 y(for)g(rounding)g -(if)g(requested.)19 b(Consider)12 b(addition)e(as)h(an)h(example.)k(Before)c -(adding,)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(righ)o(t)e(shifts)150 2279 -y(the)h(fractional)f(part)h(of)f(the)i(op)q(erand)f(with)g(the)g(smaller)e -(exp)q(onen)o(t)j(un)o(til)e(its)h(bits)g(correctly)h(matc)o(h)d(the)j(bits)f -(of)150 2329 y(the)g(other)g(op)q(erand)f(in)g(order)h(of)e(magnitude.)16 -b(Th)o(us,)11 b(the)h(smaller)e(op)q(erand)i(could)f(disapp)q(ear)g(en)o -(tirely)m(,)g(ha)o(ving)150 2379 y(no)17 b(e\013ect)h(on)f(the)g(result)h -(\(\\result")f(will)e(alw)o(a)o(ys)h(b)q(e)h(tak)o(en)g(to)g(mean)e(the)j -(information)c(\(one)j(w)o(ord)g(or)f(t)o(w)o(o\))150 2429 -y(stored)f(b)o(y)f(the)g(instruction,)g(regardless)h(of)e(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)e(of)g(signi\014can)o(t)g(bits)h(it)g(con)o(tains)g(or)g(ev)o(en)g -(whether)h(it)150 2478 y(is)f(the)h(correct)h(answ)o(er\).)k(In)14 -b(an)o(y)g(ev)o(en)o(t,)h(the)f(signi\014cance)h(of)f(the)h(result)g(dep)q -(ends)h(on)e(the)g(relativ)o(e)h(v)n(alues)f(of)p 150 2511 -720 2 v 181 2538 a Fr(13)214 2550 y Fq(In)e(a)i(KA10)g(without)e(\015oating)f -(p)q(oin)o(t)h(hardw)o(are,)g(all)h(of)g(the)g(instructions)d(presen)o(ted)h -(in)i(this)g(section)e(trap)i(as)g(unassigned)150 2589 y(co)q(des)c(\()p -Fj(x)p Fq(2.16\).)k(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)d(no)g(KA10)h(without)f(\015oating)e(p) -q(oin)o(t)h(hardw)o(are)g(w)o(as)i(shipp)q(ed)e(to)h(a)g(customer,)e(so)j -(this)f(fo)q(otnote)e(has)i(no)150 2629 y(particular)f(utilit)o(y)m(.)p -eop -%%Page: 68 18 -68 17 bop 0 50 a FJ(68)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(the)i(op)q(erands.)25 b(F)m(or)15 -b(example,)g(a)g(subtraction)h(in)o(v)o(olving)e(t)o(w)o(o)h(lik)o(e{signed)g -(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(whose)i(exp)q(onen)o(ts)g(are)0 245 y(equal)c(and)f -(whose)i(fractions)f(di\013er)g(only)f(in)h(the)g(LSB)g(\(least)h -(signi\014can)o(t)e(bit\))h(giv)o(es)g(a)f(result)i(con)o(taining)e(only)0 -295 y(one)h(bit)f(of)f(signi\014cance.)18 b(In)13 b(division)e(the)i(pro)q -(cessor)h(alw)o(a)o(ys)d(calculates)i(a)f(one{w)o(ord)g(quotien)o(t)g(that)h -(requires)0 345 y(no)k(normalization)d(if)j(the)h(original)d(op)q(erands)j -(are)g(normalized.)27 b(An)17 b(extra)h(quotien)o(t)f(bit)g(is)g(calculated)g -(for)0 394 y(rounding)c(when)i(requested.)0 480 y(The)h(instruction)g(that)g -(con)o(v)o(erts)h(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)f(to)f(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f -(assumes)i(the)g(op)q(erand)h(is)e(an)h(in)o(teger)g(and)0 -530 y(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(normalizes)g(and)h(rounds)h(the)g(result.)29 -b(In)18 b(the)g(opp)q(osite)f(direction,)h(only)f(the)h(in)o(tegral)e(part)i -(of)e(the)0 580 y(result)f(is)e(sa)o(v)o(ed,)h(and)g(rounding)f(is)h(an)g -(option)f(of)g(the)h(program.)1050 564 y Fs(14)0 665 y FJ(The)f(instructions) -g(for)e(the)i(four)f(standard)h(op)q(erations)f(using)g(double{precision)g -(ha)o(v)o(e)g(no)g(mo)q(des.)17 b(In)12 b(division)0 715 y(the)20 -b(pro)q(cessor)h(calculates)f(a)g(t)o(w)o(o{w)o(ord)e(rounded)j(quotien)o(t)e -(that)h(is)f(already)g(normalized)f(if)h(the)h(original)0 765 -y(op)q(erands)f(are)g(normalized.)30 b(In)18 b(addition,)g(subtraction,)i -(and)e(m)o(ultiplication,)e(the)j(result)g(is)f(formed)f(in)h(a)0 -815 y(triple{length)e(register,)j(wherein)e(bits)g(of)f(signi\014cance)i(in)e -(the)h(lo)o(w)o(est{order)h(part)f(supply)f(information)e(for)0 -864 y(normalization)d(and)j(then)g(for)g(rounding.)0 950 y(The)f(pro)q -(cessor)i(has)e(four)g(\015ags,)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)h(Floating)e(Ov)o -(er\015o)o(w,)i(Floating)f(Under\015o)o(w,)h(and)f(No)h(Divide,)f(that)0 -1000 y(indicate)j(when)h(the)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(is)e(to)q(o)g(large)g(or)h -(to)q(o)f(small)e(to)j(b)q(e)g(accommo)q(dated)d(or)i(a)h(division)e(cannot)h -(b)q(e)0 1050 y(p)q(erformed)e(b)q(ecause)j(of)d(the)h(relativ)o(e)g(v)n -(alues)f(of)g(dividend)h(and)f(divisor.)18 b(Except)d(where)g(the)f(result)g -(w)o(ould)f(b)q(e)0 1099 y(in)h(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)g(form,)f(an)o(y)h(of)g -(these)i(circumstances)g(sets)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(and)g(Floating)e(Ov)o -(er\015o)o(w.)21 b(If)14 b(only)g(these)0 1149 y(t)o(w)o(o)g(are)g(set,)g -(the)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(of)e(the)i(answ)o(er)g(is)e(to)q(o)h(large;)f(if)h -(Floating)e(Under\015o)o(w)j(is)f(also)f(set,)i(the)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)0 -1199 y(is)i(to)q(o)g(small.)22 b(No)16 b(Divide)g(b)q(eing)g(set)h(means)e -(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(failed)d(to)h(p)q(erform)f(a)h(division,)f(an)h(ev)o -(en)o(t)h(that)0 1249 y(can)c(b)q(e)h(pro)q(duced)g(only)f(b)o(y)f(a)h(zero)h -(divisor)e(if)h(all)e(non{zero)j(op)q(erands)g(are)f(normalized.)k(An)o(y)c -(condition)f(that)0 1299 y(sets)k(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)f(also)f(sets)i(the)g(T)m -(rap)e(1)h(\015ag.)20 b(These)c(\015ags)f(can)g(b)q(e)g(read)g(and)g(con)o -(trolled)g(b)o(y)f(certain)i(program)0 1348 y(con)o(trol)c(instructions)i(\() -p FH(x)q FJ(2.9,)d FH(x)p FJ(2.16\),)h(but)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(is)h -(usually)f(handled)g(b)o(y)h(trapping)f(through)h(the)g(setting)h(of)0 -1398 y(T)m(rap)f(1.)k(The)d(KA10)f(lac)o(ks)g(the)g(trapping)g(feature,)h(so) -f(its)g(program)e(m)o(ust)i(mak)o(e)e(direct)j(use)g(of)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g -(and)0 1448 y(Floating)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)i(whic)o(h)f(are)h(a)o(v)n -(ailable)e(as)h(pro)q(cessor)j(conditions)d(\(via)g(an)g(in{out)g -(instruction\))h(that)g(can)0 1498 y(request)g(a)f(priorit)o(y)f(in)o -(terrupt)h(if)f(enabled)h(\()p FH(x)q FJ(4.3.6\).)i(The)e(conditions)f -(detected)j(can)e(only)f(set)i(the)f(arithmetic)0 1548 y(\015ags)f(and)f(the) -h(hardw)o(are)g(do)q(es)h(not)e(clear)h(them,)f(so)g(the)i(program)d(m)o(ust) -g(clear)i(them)f(b)q(efore)h(a)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)0 1597 -y(instruction)f(if)f(they)h(are)h(to)e(giv)o(e)g(meaningful)f(information)f -(ab)q(out)i(the)i(instruction)f(afterw)o(ard.)17 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)12 -b(the)0 1647 y(program)g(can)i(c)o(hec)o(k)g(the)g(\015ags)g(follo)o(wing)d -(a)i(series)i(of)e(instructions)h(to)g(determine)f(whether)i(the)f(en)o(tire) -h(series)0 1697 y(w)o(as)f(free)g(of)g(the)g(t)o(yp)q(es)h(of)e(error)i -(detected.)0 1783 y(The)c(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)d(hardw)o(are)i(functions)h -(at)e(its)i(b)q(est)g(if)e(giv)o(en)h(op)q(erands)h(that)f(are)g(either)h -(normalized)e(or)h(zero,)0 1832 y(and)k(it)f(normalizes)g(a)h(non{zero)g -(result.)651 1817 y Fs(15)705 1832 y FJ(Unnormalized)f(op)q(erands)h(will)f -(generally)g(cause)i(loss)f(of)g(precision)0 1882 y(in)d(results.)19 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)12 b(suc)o(h)g(malform)o(ed)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(m)o(ust) -g(b)q(e)h(created)h(delib)q(erately)f(b)o(y)g(the)g(programmer|the)0 -1932 y(pro)q(cessor)j(nev)o(er)g(pro)q(duces)g(them.)i(An)d(op)q(erand)g -(with)f(a)g(zero)i(fraction)e(and)g(a)g(non{zero)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(can)f -(giv)o(e)0 1982 y(wild)g(answ)o(ers)h(in)f(additiv)o(e)g(op)q(erations)h(b)q -(ecause)h(of)e(extreme)g(loss)h(of)f(signi\014cance;)g(e.g.,)g(adding)1606 -1966 y Fs(1)p 1606 1973 17 2 v 1606 1996 a(2)1637 1982 y FH(\002)c -FJ(2)1700 1967 y Fs(2)1733 1982 y FJ(and)0 2032 y(0)h FH(\002)h -FJ(2)97 2017 y Fs(69)149 2032 y FJ(giv)o(es)17 b(a)g(zero)h(result,)g(as)g -(the)f(\014rst)h(op)q(erand)g(\(ha)o(ving)e(a)h(smaller)f(exp)q(onen)o(t\))i -(lo)q(oks)f(smaller)e(to)i(the)0 2082 y(pro)q(cessor)g(and)f(is)f(shifted)h -(to)f(oblivion.)21 b(A)15 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(with)g(a)g(1)g(in)g(bit)g(0)h -(and)f(0s)g(in)g(bits)h(9{35)e(is)i(not)f(simply)0 2131 y(an)i(incorrect)h -(represen)o(tation)h(of)d(zero,)i(but)g(rather)g(an)e(unnormalized)g -(\\fraction")g(with)h(v)n(alue)f FH(\000)p FJ(1.)28 b(These)p -0 2166 720 2 v 31 2193 a Fr(14)64 2205 y Fq(Rounding)8 b(to)j(an)f(in)o -(teger)f(v)n(alue)h(is)h(a)f(di\013eren)o(t)f(pro)q(cedure)f(than)i(the)g -(rounding)f(of)h(\015oating{p)q(oin)n(t)e(v)n(alues)i(describ)q(ed)e(ab)q(o)o -(v)o(e.)31 2232 y Fr(15)64 2244 y Fq(The)13 b(pro)q(cessor)f(normalizes)f -(the)i(result)f(b)o(y)i(shifting)e(the)h(fraction)e(and)i(adjusting)f(the)h -(exp)q(onen)o(t)e(to)i(comp)q(ensate)e(for)i(the)0 2284 y(c)o(hange)e(in)h(v) -n(alue.)17 b(Eac)o(h)12 b(shift)g(and)g(accompan)o(y)o(ing)d(exp)q(onen)o(t)h -(adjustmen)o(t)g(th)o(us)i(m)o(ultiply)e(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(b)q(oth)g(b) -o(y)h(2)h(and)f(b)o(y)1780 2270 y Fr(1)p 1780 2276 16 2 v 1780 -2297 a(2)0 2323 y Fq(sim)o(ultaneou)o(sly)m(,)c(lea)o(ving)i(its)h(v)n(alue)f -(unc)o(hanged.)35 2362 y(With)17 b(normalized)d(op)q(erands,)i(the)g(pro)q -(cessor)f(uses)i(at)f(most)g(t)o(w)o(o)i(bits)e(of)h(information)d(from)i -(the)g(lo)o(w)o(est{order)f(part)h(to)0 2402 y(normalize)c(the)j(result.)25 -b(In)14 b(m)o(ultiplication)e(this)i(is)h(ob)o(vious,)f(since)g(squaring)f -(the)i(minim)o(um)d(fractional)h(magnitude)1690 2388 y Fr(1)p -1690 2394 V 1690 2415 a(2)1725 2402 y Fq(giv)o(es)0 2449 y(a)j(result)g(of) -188 2435 y Fr(1)p 188 2441 V 188 2462 a(4)208 2449 y Fq(.)30 -b(In)16 b(an)g(addition)e(or)i(subtraction)e(of)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)e(that)i -(di\013er)f(greatly)f(in)j(order)e(of)h(magnitude,)e(the)i(result)f(is)0 -2488 y(determined)9 b(almost)h(completely)f(b)o(y)i(the)g(op)q(erand)f(of)i -(greater)e(order.)15 b(Addition)10 b(or)h(subtraction)e(in)o(v)o(olving)h(t)o -(w)o(o)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)d(with)0 2528 y(equal)15 b(exp)q(onen)o(ts)e -(requires)h(no)i(shifting)e(b)q(eforehand)o(,)g(so)i(there)f(is)h(no)g -(informatio)o(n)d(in)j(the)f(lo)o(w)o(est{order)f(part.)27 -b(Hence,)17 b(an)0 2567 y(addition)10 b(or)i(subtraction)d(nev)o(er)h -(requires)h(shifting)f(b)q(oth)h(b)q(efore)f(the)i(op)q(eration)d(and)j(in)f -(the)h(normalizat)o(ion;)d(when)j(there)f(is)h(no)0 2606 y(prior)e(shifting,) -g(the)h(normaliza)o(tion)d(brings)i(in)h(0s.)p eop -%%Page: 69 19 -69 18 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.3.)31 b(FLO)o(A)m(TING{POINT)14 b(ARITHMETIC)990 -b FJ(69)150 195 y(unnormalized)13 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(can)h(pro)q(duce)h(an) -e(incorrect)i(answ)o(er)f(in)f(an)o(y)g(op)q(eration.)19 b(T)m(o)14 -b(normalize)f(a)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)150 245 y(add)g(\(e.g.,)e -FC(F)m(AD)p FJ(,)h FC(DF)m(AD)p FJ(,)f(or)i FC(GF)m(AD)p FJ(\))e(zero)j(to)f -(it.)150 397 y FF(2.3.1)55 b(Scaling)150 509 y FJ(The)15 b(follo)o(wing)d(t)o -(w)o(o)i(instructions)h(c)o(hange)g(the)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(of)d(a)i(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)e(without)i(c)o(hanging)e(the)j(signi\014cance)150 -559 y(of)f(the)h(fraction.)23 b(In)16 b(other)g(w)o(ords)g(they)g(m)o -(ultiply)d(the)j(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(b)o(y)h(a)f(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)h(of)f(2)h(and) -f(are)h(th)o(us)g(analogous)150 609 y(to)21 b(arithmetic)e(shifting)h(of)g -(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)g(except)h(that)f(no)f(information)e -(is)j(lost,)h(although)d(the)150 659 y(exp)q(onen)o(t)13 b(can)g(o)o(v)o -(er\015o)o(w)f(or)h(under\015o)o(w.)18 b(The)13 b(amoun)o(t)e(added)h(to)h -(the)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(is)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e(the)h(result)h(of)150 -708 y(the)e(e\013ectiv)o(e)i(address)f(calculation)e(tak)o(en)h(as)g(a)f -(signed)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(\(in)f(t)o(w)o(os)h(complemen)o(t)e(notation\))h -(mo)q(dulo)f(2)1932 693 y Fs(8)150 758 y FJ(or)k(2)222 743 -y Fs(11)271 758 y FJ(in)g(magnitude)e(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)k(for)e(single)g -(precision)g(or)g(extended{range)i(op)q(erations.)j(In)14 b(other)h(w)o -(ords,)150 808 y(the)j(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(scale)f(factor)g FE(E)k -FJ(is)c(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(comp)q(osed)g(of)g(bit)g(18)g(\(whic)o(h)g -(is)h(the)g(sign\))f(and)h(bits)f(28{35)150 858 y(or)g(25{35)f(of)g(the)i -(calculation)e(result.)28 b(Hence,)19 b(the)e(programmer)e(ma)o(y)g(sp)q -(ecify)j(the)f(factor)g(directly)h(in)e(the)150 908 y(instruction)f(\(p)q -(erhaps)g(indexed\))g(or)g(giv)o(e)f(an)g(indirect)h(address)g(to)f(b)q(e)h -(used)h(in)e(calculating)f(it.)19 b(A)c(p)q(ositiv)o(e)f FE(E)150 -958 y FJ(increases)i(the)e(exp)q(onen)o(t,)h(a)f(negativ)o(e)g -FE(E)19 b FJ(decreases)e(it;)c FE(E)19 b FJ(is)14 b(th)o(us)h(the)f(p)q(o)o -(w)o(er)h(of)e(2)h(b)o(y)g(whic)o(h)g(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(is)150 -1007 y(m)o(ultiplied.)i(The)g(scale)f(factor)g(lies)g(in)f(the)i(range)f -FH(\000)p FJ(256)f(to)h(+255)f(or)h FH(\000)p FJ(1024)f(to)h(+1023.)p -150 1256 1495 4 v 150 1182 V 148 1255 4 75 v 1643 1255 V 688 -1255 V 729 1255 V 896 1255 V 162 1286 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1231 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1286 -y Fq(8)p 522 1255 V 24 w(9)591 1231 y FE(A)150 1148 y Fk(FSC)237 -b(Floating)21 b(Scale)306 1231 y FJ(132)150 1382 y(If)c(the)i(fractional)e -(part)h(of)f(A)o(C)h(is)f(zero,)j(clear)e(A)o(C.)f(Otherwise)i(add)f(the)h -(scale)f(factor)g(giv)o(en)f(b)o(y)h FE(E)23 b FJ(to)17 b(the)150 -1431 y(exp)q(onen)o(t)c(part)g(of)e(A)o(C)i(\(th)o(us)g(m)o(ultiplyi)o(ng)c -(A)o(C)k(b)o(y)f(2)1009 1416 y Fw(E)1036 1431 y FJ(\),)h(normalize)d(the)j -(resulting)g(w)o(ord)f(bringing)f(0s)i(in)o(to)e(bit)150 1481 -y(p)q(ositions)j(v)n(acated)g(at)f(the)i(righ)o(t,)e(and)h(place)g(the)g -(result)h(bac)o(k)f(in)f(A)o(C.)150 1567 y(The)18 b(amoun)o(t)e(added)j(to)e -(the)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(is)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)e(the)g(result)h(of)e -(the)i(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)h(calculation)150 1617 y(tak)o(en)14 -b(as)h(a)f(signed)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(\(in)f(t)o(w)o(os{complemen)o(t)f -(notation\))i(mo)q(dulo)e(2)1380 1602 y Fs(8)1412 1617 y FJ(in)i(magnitude.)k -(In)c(other)h(w)o(ords)150 1666 y(the)j(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(scale{factor)e -FE(E)23 b FJ(is)17 b(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(comp)q(osed)f(of)h(bit)g(18)g -(\(whic)o(h)g(is)h(the)g(sign\))f(and)g(bits)g(28{35)150 1716 -y(of)d(the)h(calculation)f(result.)21 b(Hence,)16 b(the)f(programmer)d(ma)o -(y)h(sp)q(ecify)i(the)h(factor)e(directly)h(in)f(the)i(instruction)150 -1766 y(\(p)q(erhaps)j(indexed\))f(or)g(giv)o(e)f(an)h(indirect)g(address)h -(to)f(b)q(e)g(used)h(in)f(calculating)e(the)j(factor.)29 b(A)18 -b(p)q(ositiv)o(e)g FE(E)150 1816 y FJ(increases)e(the)g(exp)q(onen)o(t;)f(a)f -(negativ)o(e)h FE(E)20 b FJ(decreases)d(it.)j(Th)o(us,)15 b -FE(E)k FJ(is)c(the)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)g(of)f(2)g(b)o(y)h(whic)o(h)f(the)i(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)150 1866 y(is)e(m)o(ultiplied.)h(The)f(scale)h(factor)f(lies)f -(in)h(the)g(range)g FH(\000)p FJ(256)g(to)g(+255.)990 1984 -y FF(Note)254 2075 y FJ(A)i(negativ)o(e)g FE(E)22 b FJ(is)16 -b(represen)o(ted)j(in)c(standard)i(t)o(w)o(os{complemen)o(t)d(notation,)h -(but)i(the)g(hardw)o(are)254 2125 y(comp)q(ensates)d(for)g(this)g(when)g -(scaling)f(the)i(exp)q(onen)o(t.)150 2279 y(If)c(the)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)g -(after)f(normalization)d(is)i Fz(>)h FJ(127,)f(set)i(T)m(rap)f(1,)f(Ov)o -(er\015o)o(w,)h(and)g(Floating)e(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w;)j(the)f(result)150 -2329 y(stored)g(has)g(a)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(256)e(less)i(than)g(the)g(correct) -h(v)n(alue.)j(If)11 b(the)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(after)g(normalization)c(is)j -Fz(<)h FH(\000)p FJ(128,)150 2378 y(set)i(T)m(rap)e(1,)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)g -(Floating)e(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)i(and)g(Floating)e(Under\015o)o(w;)i(the)h -(result)g(stored)f(has)g(an)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)150 2428 y(256)g(greater)i(than) -f(the)g(correct)i(v)n(alue.)780 2413 y Fs(16)150 2514 y FC(FSC)g -FJ(can)h(b)q(e)g(used)h(to)e(\015oat)h(a)f(\014xed)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(with)h -(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y{sev)o(en)g(or)g(few)o(er)g(signi\014can)o(t)f(bits.)27 -b(T)m(o)16 b(\015oat)g(an)p 150 2548 720 2 v 181 2575 a Fr(16)214 -2587 y Fh(Caution)s Fq(:)d(In)8 b(the)f(KI10)h(and)g(KA10)g(only)m(,)g -(extreme)e(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(ws)h(are)g(not)h(detected)e(prop)q(erly)g(in)i -(this)f(instruction.)k(An)e(exp)q(onen)o(t)150 2626 y Fi(>)h -Fq(255)h(sets)g(Floating)f(Under\015o)o(w,)g(and)h(an)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)d -Fi(<)j Fj(\000)p Fq(256)g(fails)g(to)g(set)g(it.)p eop -%%Page: 70 20 -70 19 bop 0 50 a FJ(70)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(in)o(teger)g(con)o(tained)g(within)f(A)o(C)h(bits) -g(9{35,)174 320 y FB(FSC)109 b(AC,233)0 480 y FJ(inserts)13 -b(the)f(correct)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)f(to)f(mo)o(v)o(e)e(the)i(binary)g(p)q(oin)o -(t)f(from)f(the)j(righ)o(t)e(end)h(to)g(the)h(left)e(of)g(bit)h(9)g(and)f -(then)0 530 y(normalizes)j(\(233)286 536 y Fs(8)317 530 y FJ(=)g(155)426 -536 y Fs(10)473 530 y FJ(=)g(128)9 b(+)h(27\).)21 b(This)15 -b(application)f(of)g FD(FSC)g FJ(is)h(useful)g(only)f(in)h(the)g(KA10,)g -(whic)o(h)0 580 y(lac)o(ks)f(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(con)o(v)o(ersion)h -(instructions)h(describ)q(ed)h(in)d FH(x)q FJ(2.3.2.)p 0 837 -1495 4 v 0 762 V -2 835 4 75 v 1493 835 V 538 835 V 579 835 -V 746 835 V 12 867 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)548 812 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 867 y Fq(8)p 372 835 -V 24 w(9)441 812 y FE(A)0 729 y Fk(GFSC)200 b(Giant)19 b(Floating)i(Scale)794 -713 y Fs(17)156 811 y FJ(123)p 126 986 1495 4 v 126 911 V 124 -985 4 75 v 1619 985 V 664 985 V 705 985 V 871 985 V 138 1016 -a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)674 961 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)470 1016 y Fq(8)p 498 985 V 23 w(9)562 -961 y FJ(00)-322 b(031)-331 b FE(E0)0 1112 y FJ(If)14 b(the)h(fractional)f -(part)h(\(bits)g(12{35\))e(of)h(A)o(C)h(are)g(zero,)g(clear)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o -(.)20 b(Otherwise,)c(scale)f(the)h(G{F)m(ormat)0 1161 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(in) -g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)g(b)o(y)g(adding)g(the)h(immediate)d(op)q(erand)j -FE(E1)22 b FJ(to)15 b(the)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)f(found)f(in)g(bits)h(1{11)f(of)0 -1211 y(A)o(C)f(\(th)o(us)g(m)o(ultiplying)d(the)j(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(b)o(y)f -(2)704 1196 y Fg(E1)751 1211 y FJ(\);)g(normalize)f(the)j(double)f(w)o(ord)g -(op)q(erand)g(bringing)f(0s)h(in)o(to)f(bit)0 1261 y(p)q(ositions)h(v)n -(acated)g(at)f(the)i(righ)o(t;)e(store)i(the)f(result)h(in)e(A)o(C,A)o(C+1.)0 -1347 y FE(E1)19 b FJ(is)14 b(in)o(terpreted)h(as)e(a)g(t)o(w)o(os{complemen)o -(t)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)i(comp)q(osed)g(of)f(bit)h(18)g(\(the)h(sign\))f(and)h -(bits)f(25{35.)k(The)0 1396 y(programmer)e(ma)o(y)g(sp)q(ecify)i(the)h(scale) -g(factor)f(directly)g(in)g(the)g(instruction)h(\(p)q(erhaps)g(indexed\))g(or) -f(giv)o(e)f(an)0 1446 y(indirect)f(address)h(to)e(b)q(e)h(used)g(in)f -(calculating)g(the)h(scale)f(factor.)20 b(A)15 b(p)q(ositiv)o(e)f -FE(E1)20 b FJ(increases)c(the)f(exp)q(onen)o(t;)g(a)0 1496 -y(negativ)o(e)f FE(E1)20 b FJ(decreases)c(it.)i(Th)o(us,)c -FE(E1)20 b FJ(is)14 b(the)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)f(of)f(2)h(b)o(y)g(whic)o(h)g(the) -g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(is)h(m)o(ultiplied.)i(The)e(scale)0 1546 -y(factor)g(lies)g(in)f(the)i(range)f FH(\000)p FJ(2048)f(to)h(+2047.)0 -1631 y(Set)c(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)g(Floating)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)h(and)f(T)m -(rap)g(1)g(if)g(the)h(resulting)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(exceeds)i(3777)1466 -1637 y Fs(8)1493 1631 y FJ(\(+1023)d(decimal\);)0 1681 y(the)18 -b(result)g(stored)h(has)e(an)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)i(2048)d(less)i(than)g(the)g -(correct)h(one.)29 b(Floating)16 b(Under\015o)o(w,)i(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)0 -1731 y(Floating)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)i(and)g(T)m(rap)e(1)i(will)d(b)q(e)j(set) -h(if)d(the)i(resulting)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(is)f(smaller)f(than)h(zero)i(\()p -FH(\000)p FJ(1024)0 1781 y(decimal\);)12 b(the)i(result)h(stored)g(has)f(an)g -(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(2048)f(greater)i(than)f(the)g(correct)i(one.)1421 -1766 y Fs(18)0 1933 y FF(2.3.2)55 b(Num)n(b)r(er)17 b(Con)n(v)n(ersion)662 -1911 y Fs(19)0 2045 y FJ(Although)10 b FC(FSC)g FJ(can)g(b)q(e)i(used)f(to)f -(\015oat)h(a)f(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)g(there)i(are)f(three)h -(single{precision)e(instructions)0 2095 y(sp)q(eci\014cally)15 -b(for)f(con)o(v)o(erting)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(in)o(tegers)g(and)f(\015oating) -e(p)q(oin)o(t)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.)20 b(In)15 b(all)e(cases)j(the)g(op)q -(erand)f(is)0 2145 y(tak)o(en)f(from)e(lo)q(cation)h FE(E)19 -b FJ(and)14 b(the)g(con)o(v)o(erted)h(result)g(is)f(placed)g(in)f(A)o(C.)p -0 2179 720 2 v 31 2206 a Fr(17)64 2218 y Fq(In)e(the)f(KI10)i(and)e(KA10)i -(this)f(instruction)d(traps)j(as)g(an)g(unassigned)e(co)q(de)h(\()p -Fj(x)p Fq(2.16\).)31 2246 y Fr(18)64 2258 y Fq(As)g(of)g(KL10)h(micro)q(co)q -(de)c(2.1[442],)h(extreme)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(is)h(signaled)e(as)i -(under\015o)o(w)f(and)g(vice{v)o(ersa.)k(Moreo)o(v)o(er,)8 -b(if)i(the)g(double)0 2297 y(w)o(ord)h(op)q(erand)f(is)h(unnormalize)o(d,)d -(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)j(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)h(rep)q(orted)e(when)i(none)g(actually) -e(o)q(ccurs.)31 2325 y Fr(19)64 2337 y Fq(In)i(the)h(KA10)g(these)f -(instructions)e(trap)i(as)h(unassigned)d(co)q(des)i(\()p Fj(x)p -Fq(2.16\).)k Fv(FIX)p Fq(,)d Fv(FIXR)p Fq(,)f(and)h Fv(FL)m(TR)g -Fq(are)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(in)j(all)g(other)0 2376 y(pro)q(cessors,)c(but)i -(the)g(remaining)e(eigh)o(t)i(are)g(only)f(a)o(v)n(ailable)f(in)j(a)f(XKL)976 -2373 y(-)987 2376 y(1)h(\(or)f(a)g(KL10)h(with)g(micro)q(co)q(de)c(v)o -(ersion)i(271)h(or)h(greater\).)0 2415 y(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)g(the)g(four)g -(instructions)e(that)h(con)o(v)o(ert)g(from)h(gian)o(t)f(format)g(to)h -(\014xed)g(p)q(oin)o(t)f(are)h(not)g(implemen)o(ted)d(in)k(micro)q(co)q(de)c -(ev)o(en)0 2455 y(on)j(the)g(KL10.)k(They)c(are)g(instead)f(sim)o(ulated)f(b) -o(y)i(the)f(Monitor.)p eop -%%Page: 71 21 -71 20 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.3.)31 b(FLO)o(A)m(TING{POINT)14 b(ARITHMETIC)990 -b FJ(71)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 75 v 1643 353 -V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 384 -y Fq(8)p 522 353 V 24 w(9)591 330 y FE(A)150 246 y Fk(FIX)249 -b(Fix)306 329 y FJ(122)150 480 y(If)13 b(the)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)f(of)f(the)i -(\015oating)e(p)q(oin)o(t)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(in)g(lo)q(cation)g -FE(E)19 b FJ(is)13 b Fz(>)f FJ(35,)h(set)i(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)f(and)f(T)m(rap)g -(1)h(and)f(go)150 530 y(immediately)c(to)j(the)g(next)h(instruction)g -(without)e(a\013ecting)i(A)o(C)f(or)g(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f -FE(E)17 b FJ(in)12 b(an)o(y)f(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)17 b(Since)12 b(the)150 -580 y(largest)k(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)g(magnitude)f(\(without)h(considering)g -(sign\))g(is)h(2)1274 564 y Fs(35)1319 580 y FH(\000)11 b FJ(1,)16 -b(a)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(with)150 629 -y(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(greater)g(than)e(decimal)g(35)g(\(and)h(assumed)f -(normalized\))g(cannot)h(b)q(e)g(con)o(v)o(erted)h(to)f(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t.) -150 715 y(Otherwise,)g(replace)f(the)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)g FE(EXP)k -FJ(in)12 b(the)h(w)o(ord)f(from)e(lo)q(cation)i FE(E)17 b FJ(with)12 -b(bits)h(equal)f(to)g(the)h(sign)f(of)f(the)150 765 y(fraction,)j(and)g -(shift)g(the)h(\(no)o(w)f(\014xed\))h(extended)h(fraction)e -Fz(N)k FJ(=)13 b Fz(E)r(X)s(P)i FH(\000)10 b FJ(27)k(places)h(to)f(the)h -(correct)i(p)q(osition)150 815 y(for)c(its)g(order)i(of)d(magnitude,)g -(placing)g(the)i(binary)f(p)q(oin)o(t)g(at)h(the)g(righ)o(t)f(of)f(bit)h(35.) -18 b(F)m(or)13 b(p)q(ositiv)o(e)g FE(N)7 b FJ(,)12 b(shift)i(left,)150 -864 y(bringing)e(0s)h(in)o(to)g(bit)g(35)f(and)h(dropping)g(n)o(ull)f(bits)h -(out)g(of)g(bit)g(1.)k(F)m(or)c(negativ)o(e)g FE(N)7 b FJ(,)13 -b(shift)f(righ)o(t,)h(bringing)f(n)o(ull)150 914 y(bits)k(\(0s)h(for)e(p)q -(ositiv)o(e,)h(1s)h(for)e(negativ)o(e\))h(in)o(to)g(bit)g(1,)g(and)g(then)g -(truncate)i(to)e(an)g(in)o(teger.)25 b(Place)16 b(the)h(result)150 -964 y(in)f(A)o(C.)f(T)m(runcation)h(pro)q(duces)i(the)f(in)o(teger)g(of)e -(largest)i(magnitude)d(less)j(than)g(or)f(equal)g(to)g(the)h(magnitude)150 -1014 y(of)e(the)g(original)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)21 b(F)m(or)14 -b(example,)g(a)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f Fz(>)g FJ(+1)h(but)h Fz(<)e -FJ(+2)h(b)q(ecomes)g(+1;)g(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g Fz(<)f FH(\000)p -FJ(1)h(but)150 1064 y Fz(>)d FH(\000)p FJ(2)i(b)q(ecomes)g -FH(\000)p FJ(1.)150 1149 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)k(The)c(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(test) -h(c)o(hec)o(ks)g(for)f(a)f(v)n(alue)g FH(\025)f FJ(2)994 1134 -y Fs(35)1029 1149 y FJ(,)i(assuming)e(the)i(op)q(erand)h(is)f(normalized.)150 -1235 y(The)h(truncation)g(is)g(that)g(used)h(in)e(F)m(ortran)h -(\(\\\014xation"\).)20 b(F)m(or)15 b(it,)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(drops)f(the)f -(fractional)f(part)150 1285 y(in)h(a)h(p)q(ositiv)o(e)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f -(but)h(adds)g(1)g(to)g(the)g(in)o(tegral)f(part)h(\(as)h(required)f(b)o(y)g -(t)o(w)o(os{complemen)o(t)e(format\))g(if)150 1334 y(an)o(y)f(bits)h(of)g -(signi\014cance)g(are)g(shifted)g(out)g(in)g(a)f(negativ)o(e)h(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er.)p 150 1592 1495 4 v 150 1517 V 148 1590 4 75 v 1643 1590 -V 688 1590 V 729 1590 V 896 1590 V 162 1621 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1567 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)494 1621 y Fq(8)p 522 1590 V 24 w(9)591 1567 y FE(A)150 -1483 y Fk(GFIX)212 b(Giant)19 b(Floating)i(to)e(Integer)1053 -1468 y Fs(20)306 1566 y FJ(123)p 276 1741 1495 4 v 276 1666 -V 274 1739 4 75 v 1769 1739 V 814 1739 V 855 1739 V 1021 1739 -V 288 1771 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)824 -1716 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)620 1771 y Fq(8)p 648 1739 V 23 -w(9)712 1715 y FJ(00)-322 b(024)164 1716 y FE(E0)150 1866 y -FJ(Con)o(v)o(ert)14 b(the)g(gian)o(t{format)d(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)h(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)h(in)g FE(E1)6 b FJ(,)p FE(E1)g FJ(+1)1264 1851 -y Fs(21)1313 1866 y FJ(to)13 b(a)h(single{precision)f(in)o(teger)h(in)g(A)o -(C.)150 1952 y(If)h(the)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(\014eld)e(of)g(the)i(\015oating{p) -q(oin)o(t)c(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)i(in)g FE(E1)6 b FJ(,)p FE(E1)g -FJ(+1)16 b(is)f(greater)i(than)e(2043)1689 1958 y Fs(8)1722 -1952 y FJ(\(meaning)f(an)150 2002 y(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)g -(greater)g(than)f(35\),)f(set)i(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)f(and)g(T)m(rap)f(1)h(and)f -(do)h(not)g(a\013ect)h(the)f(accum)o(ulator.)150 2087 y(Otherwise,)i(cop)o(y) -e FE(E1)6 b FJ(,)p FE(E1)g FJ(+1)14 b(to)h(an)f(in)o(ternal)g(double)h(w)o -(ord)f(register,)i(extending)f(the)g(sign)f(bit)g(to)h(bits)f(1{11.)150 -2137 y(Then)f(shift)f(\(as)g(in)g FC(ASHC)p FJ(,)f FH(x)p FJ(2.5\))h(b)o(y)g -Fz(E)r(X)s(P)g FH(\000)6 b FJ(2030)978 2143 y Fs(8)995 2137 -y FJ(,)12 b(where)h Fz(E)r(X)s(P)19 b FJ(is)12 b(the)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e)g(exp)q -(onen)o(t)h(from)e(bits)h(1{11)150 2187 y(of)h FE(E1)6 b FJ(.)18 -b(Store)d(the)f(high{order)g(w)o(ord)g(of)f(the)i(result)f(in)g(A)o(C.)150 -2272 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)k(The)c(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(test)h(c)o(hec)o(ks)g -(for)f(a)f(v)n(alue)g FH(\025)f FJ(2)994 2257 y Fs(35)1029 -2272 y FJ(,)i(assuming)e(the)i(op)q(erand)h(is)f(normalized.)150 -2358 y(This)d(instruction)h(will)e(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(truncate)j(to)o(w)o(ards)e -(zero;)h(i.e.,)f(1)p Fz(:)p FJ(9)f(is)h(\014xed)h(to)f(1)g(and)g -FH(\000)p FJ(1)p Fz(:)p FJ(9)g(is)g(\014xed)h(to)f FH(\000)p -FJ(1.)17 b(This)150 2408 y(truncation)g(is)f(that)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(in)e -(the)h(F)m(ortran)f(language)g(for)g(con)o(v)o(ersion)g(of)g(real)g(to)g(in)o -(teger.)26 b(F)m(or)16 b(p)q(ositiv)o(e)p 150 2443 720 2 v -181 2469 a Fr(20)214 2481 y Fq(In)11 b(the)g(KI10)h(and)f(KS10)h(this)f -(instruction)f(traps)h(as)g(an)h(unassigned)d(co)q(de)i(\()p -Fj(x)p Fq(2.16\).)k(Because)c(of)h(lac)o(k)f(of)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(space,) -150 2521 y(in)i(the)g(KL10)g(this)g(instruction)e(is)i(handled)f(as)h(an)g -(unassigned)e(co)q(de)h(but)h(op)q(erating)e(system)h(soft)o(w)o(are)g(sim)o -(ulates)g(the)g(e\013ect)h(of)150 2560 y(this)f(instruction.)181 -2588 y Fr(21)214 2600 y Fq(Refer)f(to)h(the)g(description)e(of)i -Fi(E)r(;)5 b(E)10 b Fq(+)e(1)j(on)g(page)g(52.)p eop -%%Page: 72 22 -72 21 bop 0 50 a FJ(72)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)e(bits)h(shifted)g(o\013)f(the)i -(righ)o(t)e(end)h(are)g(ignored.)18 b(F)m(or)12 b(negativ)o(e)h(n)o(um)o(b)q -(ers,)f(if)g(an)o(y)g(\\1")g(bits)h(are)g(shifted)0 245 y(o\013)h(the)g(righ) -o(t)g(end,)g(then)g(1)g(is)g(added)g(to)g(bit)f(35)g(to)h(mak)o(e)f(the)h -(result)h(closer)f(to)g(zero.)p 0 502 1495 4 v 0 427 V -2 500 -4 75 v 1493 500 V 538 500 V 579 500 V 746 500 V 12 532 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 477 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)344 532 y Fq(8)p 372 500 V 24 w(9)441 477 y FE(A)0 -394 y Fk(GDFIX)172 b(Giant)19 b(Floating)i(to)e(Double)g(Precision)i(Integer) -1306 379 y Fs(20)156 476 y FJ(123)p 126 652 1495 4 v 126 577 -V 124 650 4 75 v 1619 650 V 664 650 V 705 650 V 871 650 V 138 -681 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)674 -627 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)470 681 y Fq(8)p 498 650 V 23 w(9)562 -626 y FJ(00)-322 b(023)14 627 y FE(E0)0 777 y FJ(Con)o(v)o(ert)17 -b(the)h(gian)o(t{format)c(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(in)h -FE(E1)6 b FJ(,)p FE(E1)g FJ(+1)1135 762 y Fs(21)1187 777 y -FJ(to)17 b(a)g(double)g(precision)h(in)o(teger)f(and)0 827 -y(place)d(the)h(result)f(in)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)0 912 y(Set)i(Ov)o(er\015o)o -(w)f(and)g(T)m(rap)g(1)g(if)f(the)i(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(is)f -(greater)h(than)f(70)g(\(2106)1361 918 y Fs(8)1394 912 y FJ(in)g(the)g(exp)q -(onen)o(t)h(\014eld\);)0 962 y(if)i(an)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(o)q(ccurs,)i -(do)e(not)f(a\013ect)i(the)g(accum)o(ulators.)32 b(Otherwise,)22 -b(cop)o(y)d FE(E1)6 b FJ(,)p FE(E1)g FJ(+1)18 b(to)h(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(,)0 -1012 y(extending)c(the)g(sign)f(bit)h(to)f(bits)h(1{11.)k(Then)c(shift)f -(\(as)h(in)f FC(ASHC)p FJ(\))h(b)o(y)f Fz(E)r(X)s(P)i FH(\000)10 -b FJ(2073)1418 1018 y Fs(8)1435 1012 y FJ(,)15 b(where)g Fz(E)r(X)s(P)21 -b FJ(is)14 b(the)0 1062 y(p)q(ositiv)o(e)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)i(from)c(bits)j -(1{11)f(of)g FE(E1)6 b FJ(.)22 b(If)16 b(the)g(result)g(is)g(negativ)o(e)f -(and)g(an)o(y)g(\\1")g(bits)h(w)o(ere)g(shifted)g(o\013)0 1112 -y(the)e(righ)o(t)g(end)g(of)g(A)o(C+1,)f(then)i(add)e(1)h(to)g(bit)f(35)g(of) -h(A)o(C+1)g(to)f(bring)h(the)g(result)h(closer)g(to)e(zero.)0 -1197 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)18 b(The)d(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)e(test)i(c)o(hec)o(ks)g -(for)f(a)f(v)n(alue)h FH(\025)e FJ(2)862 1182 y Fs(70)910 1197 -y FJ(assuming)h(the)h(op)q(erand)h(is)e(normalized.)p 0 1446 -1495 4 v 0 1371 V -2 1444 4 75 v 1493 1444 V 538 1444 V 579 -1444 V 746 1444 V 12 1476 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 1421 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1476 y Fq(8)p -372 1444 V 24 w(9)441 1421 y FE(A)0 1338 y Fk(FIXR)214 b(Fix)19 -b(and)g(Round)156 1420 y FJ(126)0 1571 y(If)13 b(the)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)f(of)f -(the)i(\015oating)e(p)q(oin)o(t)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(in)g(lo)q(cation)g -FE(E)19 b FJ(is)13 b Fz(>)f FJ(35,)h(set)i(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)f(and)f(T)m(rap)g -(1)h(and)f(go)0 1621 y(immediately)d(to)k(the)h(next)f(instruction)g(without) -g(a\013ecting)g(A)o(C)g(or)g(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e FE(E)19 -b FJ(in)14 b(an)o(y)f(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)0 1707 y(Otherwise,)h(replace)f(the)g -(exp)q(onen)o(t)g FE(EXP)k FJ(in)12 b(the)h(w)o(ord)f(from)e(lo)q(cation)i -FE(E)17 b FJ(with)12 b(bits)h(equal)f(to)g(the)h(sign)f(of)f(the)0 -1757 y(fraction,)j(and)g(shift)g(the)h(\(no)o(w)f(\014xed\))h(extended)h -(fraction)e Fz(N)k FJ(=)13 b Fz(E)r(X)s(P)i FH(\000)10 b FJ(27)k(places)h(to) -f(the)h(correct)i(p)q(osition)0 1806 y(for)c(its)g(order)i(of)d(magnitude,)g -(placing)g(the)i(binary)f(p)q(oin)o(t)g(at)h(the)g(righ)o(t)f(of)f(bit)h(35.) -18 b(F)m(or)13 b(p)q(ositiv)o(e)g FE(N)7 b FJ(,)12 b(shift)i(left,)0 -1856 y(bringing)e(0s)h(in)o(to)g(bit)g(35)f(and)h(dropping)g(n)o(ull)f(bits)h -(out)g(of)g(bit)g(1.)k(F)m(or)c(negativ)o(e)g FE(N)7 b FJ(,)13 -b(shift)f(righ)o(t,)h(bringing)f(n)o(ull)0 1906 y(bits)j(\(0s)h(for)e(p)q -(ositiv)o(e,)h(1s)g(for)g(negativ)o(e\))g(in)o(to)f(bit)h(1,)g(and)g(then)h -(round)f(the)h(in)o(tegral)e(part.)22 b(Place)15 b(the)h(result)0 -1956 y(in)d(A)o(C.)0 2041 y(Rounding)j(is)h(in)g(the)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e)g -(direction:)25 b(the)18 b(magnitude)d(of)i(the)h(in)o(tegral)e(part)i(is)f -(increased)h(b)o(y)f(1)g(if)f(the)0 2091 y(fractional)h(part)i(is)g -FH(\025)388 2075 y Fs(1)p 388 2082 17 2 v 388 2106 a(2)429 -2091 y FJ(in)f(a)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(but)h -Fz(>)973 2075 y Fs(1)p 973 2082 V 973 2106 a(2)1013 2091 y -FJ(in)f(a)g(negativ)o(e)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)31 b(F)m(or)19 b(example,)f(+1)p -Fz(:)p FJ(4)0 2141 y(\(decimal\))c(is)h(rounded)h(to)f(+1,)g(whereas)h(+1)p -Fz(:)p FJ(5)f(and)g(+1)p Fz(:)p FJ(6)f(b)q(ecome)h(+2;)h(but)f(with)g -(negativ)o(e)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)g FH(\000)p FJ(1)p Fz(:)p -FJ(4)0 2191 y(and)f FH(\000)p FJ(1)p Fz(:)p FJ(5)f(b)q(ecome)h -FH(\000)p FJ(1,)f(whereas)i FH(\000)p FJ(1)p Fz(:)p FJ(6)e(b)q(ecomes)h -FH(\000)p FJ(2.)0 2276 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)23 b(The)17 b(rounding)f(pro)q -(cedure)i(in)d FC(FIXR)g FJ(is)h(the)h(Algol)e(standard)i(for)f(real{to{in)o -(teger)g(con)o(v)o(ersion.)25 b(F)m(or)0 2326 y(it,)13 b(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i -(adds)d(1)h(to)f(the)i(in)o(tegral)e(part)g(if)g(the)h(fractional)f(part)h -(is)f FH(\025)1274 2310 y Fs(1)p 1274 2317 V 1274 2341 a(2)1309 -2326 y FJ(in)g(a)h(p)q(ositiv)o(e)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(or)h(\(as)0 -2376 y(required)f(b)o(y)g(t)o(w)o(os{complemen)o(t)d(format\))g(is)j -FH(\024)788 2360 y Fs(1)p 788 2367 V 788 2390 a(2)822 2376 -y FJ(in)f(a)g(negativ)o(e)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)k(This)12 b(rounding)g(pro)q -(cedure)i(di\013ers)0 2426 y(from)g(that)i(used)h(in)f FC(F)m(ADR)e -FJ(and)i(the)h(other)f(single{precision)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e -(arithmetic)h(instructions)i(that)0 2476 y(round)d(their)g(results.)p -eop -%%Page: 73 23 -73 22 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.3.)31 b(FLO)o(A)m(TING{POINT)14 b(ARITHMETIC)990 -b FJ(73)p 150 363 1495 4 v 150 288 V 148 361 4 75 v 1643 361 -V 688 361 V 729 361 V 896 361 V 162 393 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 338 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 393 -y Fq(8)p 522 361 V 24 w(9)591 338 y FE(A)150 255 y Fk(GFIXR)177 -b(Giant)19 b(Floating)i(Fix)e(and)g(Round)1160 240 y Fs(20)306 -337 y FJ(123)p 276 512 1495 4 v 276 438 V 274 511 4 75 v 1769 -511 V 814 511 V 855 511 V 1021 511 V 288 542 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)824 487 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)620 542 y Fq(8)p 648 511 V 23 w(9)712 487 y FJ(00)-322 -b(026)-331 b FE(E0)150 638 y FJ(Con)o(v)o(ert)14 b(a)g(gian)o(t{format)d -(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(to)h(a)f(single{precision)h(in)o -(teger)g(b)o(y)g(rounding.)150 723 y(If)e(the)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)f(\014eld)g -(of)f(the)h(gian)o(t{format)d(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(in)g -FE(E1)6 b FJ(,)p FE(E1)g FJ(+1)1525 708 y Fs(21)1572 723 y -FJ(is)13 b(greater)h(than)e(2043)1932 729 y Fs(8)150 773 y -FJ(\(meaning)g(an)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(greater)f(than)g(35\),) -e(then)j(this)e(instruction)h(will)e(set)j(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)f(and)f(T)m(rap)g -(1)150 823 y(and)h(not)g(a\013ect)g(the)h(accum)o(ulator.)150 -908 y(Otherwise,)i(cop)o(y)f FE(E1)6 b FJ(,)p FE(E1)g FJ(+1)15 -b(to)g(an)h(in)o(ternal)f(double)g(w)o(ord)h(register.)24 b(Extend)17 -b(the)f(sign)f(bit)g(in)o(to)g(bits)h(1{11)150 958 y(of)g(the)i(high{order)f -(w)o(ord)g(of)g(that)g(register.)29 b(Then)17 b(shift)g(arithmetically)e -(\(as)i(in)g FC(ASHC)p FJ(\))f(the)i(double)f(w)o(ord)150 1008 -y(register)h(b)o(y)e Fz(E)r(X)s(P)h FH(\000)12 b FJ(2030)603 -1014 y Fs(8)637 1008 y FJ(bits)k(\(where)i Fz(E)r(X)s(P)23 -b FJ(is)16 b(the)i(p)q(ositiv)o(e)e(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(from)e(bits)i(1{11)e(of) -h FE(E1)6 b FJ(\).)27 b(The)150 1058 y(rounding)13 b(pro)q(cess)i(will)d -(consider)i(the)g(data)f(bit)g(to)g(the)h(righ)o(t)f(of)g(bit)g(35)g(in)g -(the)h(high{order)f(w)o(ord.)18 b(If)13 b(that)g(bit)150 1108 -y(is)e(a)g(1,)g(then)h(1)f(will)f(b)q(e)i(added)g(to)f(bit)g(35)g(of)g(the)h -(result.)18 b(If)11 b(rounding)g(pro)q(duces)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(2)1669 -1093 y Fs(35)1704 1108 y FJ(,)g(set)i(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)150 -1157 y(and)g(T)m(rap)h(1;)f(the)h(result)g(stored)h(is)e(actually)g -FH(\000)p FJ(2)940 1142 y Fs(35)975 1157 y FJ(.)18 b(Rounding)12 -b(is)i(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(in)i(the)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e)f(direction;)h(see)g(the)150 -1207 y(notes)h(follo)o(wing)c FC(FIXR)p FJ(.)150 1293 y FE(Notes)s -FJ(:)31 b(The)21 b(initial)d(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)i(test)h(c)o(hec)o(ks)h(for) -e(a)g(v)n(alue)f FH(\025)k FJ(2)1206 1278 y Fs(35)1261 1293 -y FJ(assuming)18 b(the)j(op)q(erand)g(is)f(normalized.)150 -1343 y(Rounding)c(can)i(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)e(only)h(if)f(the)i(original)e -(op)q(erand)h(has)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(35)f(and)g(fraction)g -FH(\025)g FJ(1)11 b FH(\000)h FJ(2)1821 1328 y Fp(\000)p Fs(36)1899 -1343 y FJ(\(in)150 1392 y(other)j(w)o(ords,)e(the)i(fraction)e(is)h(p)q -(ositiv)o(e)f(and)h(b)q(egins)g(with)g(a)g(string)f(of)h(thirt)o(y{six)f -(1s\).)p 150 1652 1495 4 v 150 1577 V 148 1650 4 75 v 1643 -1650 V 688 1650 V 729 1650 V 896 1650 V 162 1682 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1627 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)494 1682 y Fq(8)p 522 1650 V 24 w(9)591 1627 y -FE(A)150 1544 y Fk(GDFIXR)137 b(Giant)19 b(Floating)i(Fix)e(to)g(Double)h -(and)e(Round)1405 1529 y Fs(20)306 1626 y FJ(123)p 276 1801 -1495 4 v 276 1727 V 274 1800 4 75 v 1769 1800 V 814 1800 V -855 1800 V 1021 1800 V 288 1831 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)824 1777 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)620 1831 -y Fq(8)p 648 1800 V 23 w(9)712 1776 y FJ(00)-322 b(025)164 -1777 y FE(E0)150 1927 y FJ(Con)o(v)o(ert)14 b(a)g(gian)o(t{format)d -(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(to)h(a)f(double)h(precision)g(in) -o(teger)h(b)o(y)e(rounding.)150 2012 y(If)f(the)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)f(\014eld)g -(of)f(the)h(gian)o(t{format)d(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(in)g -FE(E1)6 b FJ(,)p FE(E1)g FJ(+1)1525 1997 y Fs(21)1572 2012 -y FJ(is)13 b(greater)h(than)e(2106)1932 2018 y Fs(8)150 2062 -y FJ(\(meaning)g(an)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(greater)f(than)g -(70\),)e(then)j(this)e(instruction)h(will)e(set)j(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)f(and)f(T) -m(rap)g(1)150 2112 y(and)h(not)g(a\013ect)g(the)h(accum)o(ulator.)150 -2198 y(Otherwise,)h FE(E1)6 b FJ(,)p FE(E1)g FJ(+1)15 b(is)f(con)o(v)o(erted) -i(to)f(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)g(b)o(y)f(the)i(follo)o(wing)c(pro)q(cedure:)22 -b(cop)o(y)15 b FE(E1)6 b FJ(,)p FE(E1)g FJ(+1)14 b(to)h(an)150 -2247 y(in)o(ternal)i(double)g(w)o(ord)h(register.)30 b(Extend)18 -b(the)g(sign)f(bit)h(in)o(to)e(bits)i(1{11)e(of)h(the)h(high{order)g(w)o(ord) -f(of)g(that)150 2297 y(register.)31 b(Then)19 b(shift)e(arithmetically)f -(\(as)i(in)f FC(ASHC)p FJ(\))h(the)g(double)g(w)o(ord)g(register)h(b)o(y)e -Fz(E)r(X)s(P)h FH(\000)12 b FJ(2073)1847 2303 y Fs(8)1883 2297 -y FJ(bits)150 2347 y(\(where)i Fz(E)r(X)s(P)19 b FJ(is)13 b(the)g(p)q(ositiv) -o(e)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(from)e(bits)i(1{11)f(of)g FE(E1)6 b -FJ(\).)18 b(If)13 b Fz(E)r(X)s(P)g FH(\000)7 b FJ(2073)1536 -2353 y Fs(8)1567 2347 y FJ(is)12 b(non{negativ)o(e,)g(then)150 -2397 y(no)i(rounding)f(will)f(tak)o(e)i(place.)150 2482 y(If)h -Fz(E)r(X)s(P)h FH(\000)10 b FJ(2073)432 2488 y Fs(8)465 2482 -y FJ(is)k(negativ)o(e,)h(then)h(the)f(double)g(w)o(ord)g(register)h(w)o(as)f -(shifted)h(to)e(the)i(righ)o(t.)21 b(The)15 b(rounding)150 -2532 y(pro)q(cess)f(will)c(consider)j(the)f(last)g(data)g(bit)f(that)h(w)o -(as)g(shifted)g(o\013)g(the)h(lo)o(w{order)e(w)o(ord.)17 b(If)12 -b(that)g(bit)f(is)h(a)g(1,)f(then)150 2582 y(1)k(will)f(b)q(e)i(added)f(to)h -(bit)f(35)f(of)h(the)h(lo)o(w{order)f(w)o(ord.)22 b(The)16 -b(double)f(w)o(ord)g(register)i(is)e(stored)h(in)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)p -eop -%%Page: 74 24 -74 23 bop 0 50 a FJ(74)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(Rounding)f(is)g(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(in)h(the)g(p)q -(ositiv)o(e)g(direction;)f(see)i(the)g(notes)g(follo)o(wing)c -FC(FIXR)p FJ(.)0 281 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)18 b(The)d(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)e(test) -i(c)o(hec)o(ks)g(for)f(a)f(v)n(alue)h FH(\025)e FJ(2)862 266 -y Fs(70)910 281 y FJ(assuming)h(the)h(op)q(erand)h(is)e(normalized.)p -0 530 1495 4 v 0 455 V -2 528 4 75 v 1493 528 V 538 528 V 579 -528 V 746 528 V 12 559 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 505 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 559 y Fq(8)p -372 528 V 24 w(9)441 505 y FE(A)0 421 y Fk(FL)-5 b(TR)206 b(Float)20 -b(and)f(Round)156 504 y FJ(127)0 655 y(Shift)d(the)i(magnitude)d(part)j(of)e -(the)i(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)e(in)o(teger)i(from)d(lo)q(cation)h -FE(E)22 b FJ(righ)o(t)17 b(eigh)o(t)g(places,)h(insert)f(the)0 -705 y(exp)q(onen)o(t)c(decimal)d(35)i(\(in)f(prop)q(er)i(form\))e(in)o(to)g -(bits)h(1{8)f(to)h(mo)o(v)o(e)f(the)h(shifted)h(binary)e(p)q(oin)o(t)h(to)f -(the)i(left)f(of)f(bit)0 755 y(9)i(\(35)e(=)h(27)7 b(+)h(8\),)k(and)h -(normalize)f(the)h(fraction,)g(bringing)f(\014rst)i(the)f(bits)g(originally)e -(shifted)i(out)g(and)g(then)h(0s)0 804 y(in)o(to)f(bit)g(p)q(ositions)h(v)n -(acated)f(at)h(the)g(righ)o(t.)k(If)13 b(few)o(er)h(than)g(eigh)o(t)f(bits)h -(\(left)f(shifts\))h(are)g(needed)i(to)d(normalize,)0 854 y(use)i(the)f(next) -h(bit)e(to)h(round)g(the)g(single{length)g(fraction.)j(Place)e(the)f(result)h -(in)e(A)o(C.)0 940 y(The)20 b(rounding)e(function)h(is)g(the)g(same)g(as)g -(that)g(used)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(arithmetic)g(with)g -(rounding)0 990 y(instructions)d(\(e.g.,)d FC(F)m(ADR)p FJ(,)g(see)j(b)q(elo) -o(w\);)f(the)g(rounding)g(function)f(di\013ers)i(from)d(that)i(used)h(in)e -FC(FIXR)p FJ(.)0 1075 y(Fixed{p)q(oin)o(t)18 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(can)h(alw)o -(a)o(ys)e(b)q(e)i(con)o(v)o(erted)h(to)e(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t.)31 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)19 b(precision)g(can)g(b)q(e)g(lost)0 1125 -y(b)q(ecause)14 b(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)c(format)g(pro)o(vides)j(few)o(er)f -(signi\014can)o(t)g(bits.)18 b(An)12 b(in)o(teger)g(greater)h(than)f(2)1566 -1110 y Fs(27)1607 1125 y FH(\000)6 b FJ(1)12 b(cannot)0 1175 -y(b)q(e)k(represen)o(ted)j(exactly)d(in)f(single{precision)h(\015oating{p)q -(oin)o(t)e(unless)j(all)d(its)i(signi\014can)o(t)f(bits)h(are)g(clustered)0 -1225 y(within)d(a)h(group)f(of)h(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y{sev)o(en)h(bits.)p -0 1482 1495 4 v 0 1407 V -2 1480 4 75 v 1493 1480 V 538 1480 -V 579 1480 V 746 1480 V 12 1512 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1457 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1512 -y Fq(8)p 372 1480 V 24 w(9)441 1457 y FE(A)0 1374 y Fk(GFL)-5 -b(TR)169 b(Giant)19 b(Float)h(and)e(Round)855 1358 y Fs(22)156 -1456 y FJ(123)p 126 1631 1495 4 v 126 1556 V 124 1630 4 75 -v 1619 1630 V 664 1630 V 705 1630 V 871 1630 V 138 1661 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)674 1606 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)470 1661 y Fq(8)p 498 1630 V 23 w(9)562 1606 y -FJ(00)-322 b(030)-331 b FE(E0)0 1757 y FJ(Con)o(v)o(ert)12 -b(the)g(in)o(teger)g(in)f FE(E1)17 b FJ(to)12 b(a)f(gian)o(t{format)d -(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(in)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1.)17 -b(Clear)11 b(accum)o(ulator)0 1806 y(A)o(C+1)i(to)g(zero.)19 -b(Cop)o(y)13 b(the)g(data)g(from)f FE(E1)19 b FJ(to)13 b(A)o(C;)g(shift)f(it) -h(righ)o(t,)g(arithmetically)e(\(as)i(in)g FC(ASHC)p FJ(\),)f(11)h(places.)0 -1856 y(The)f(sign)f(and)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(2043)504 1862 y -Fs(8)533 1856 y FJ(\(or,)f(if)g(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(is)h(negativ)o(e,)h -(its)f(ones)h(complemen)o(t,)d(5734)1545 1862 y Fs(8)1563 1856 -y FJ(\))i(are)h(inserted)0 1906 y(in)o(to)k(bits)g(0{11.)24 -b(That)16 b(result)h(is)g(normalized)d(un)o(til)i(bit)g(12)f(of)h(the)h -(high{order)f(w)o(ord)g(b)q(ecomes)h(signi\014can)o(t.)0 1956 -y(This)f(instruction)h(do)q(es)g(not)f(actually)g(do)g(an)o(y)g(rounding,)g -(b)q(ecause)i(ev)o(ery)f(single{precision)f(in)o(teger)h(has)f(an)0 -2006 y(exact)f(represen)o(tation)g(in)e(gian)o(t{format.)p -0 2263 1495 4 v 0 2188 V -2 2261 4 75 v 1493 2261 V 538 2261 -V 579 2261 V 746 2261 V 12 2293 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 2238 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2293 -y Fq(8)p 372 2261 V 24 w(9)441 2238 y FE(A)0 2155 y Fk(DGFL)-5 -b(TR)129 b(Double)19 b(Giant)g(Float)h(and)f(Round)1035 2140 -y Fs(22)156 2237 y FJ(123)p 126 2412 1495 4 v 126 2338 V 124 -2411 4 75 v 1619 2411 V 664 2411 V 705 2411 V 871 2411 V 138 -2442 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)674 -2387 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)470 2442 y Fq(8)p 498 2411 V 23 -w(9)562 2387 y FJ(00)-322 b(027)-331 b FE(E0)0 2538 y FJ(Con)o(v)o(ert)17 -b(the)h(double)f(precision)g(in)o(teger)h(in)f FE(E1)6 b FJ(,)p -FE(E1)g FJ(+1)916 2523 y Fs(21)968 2538 y FJ(to)17 b(a)g(gian)o(t{format)d -(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(and)p 0 2572 720 -2 v 31 2599 a Fr(22)64 2611 y Fq(In)11 b(the)f(KI10)i(and)e(KS10)h(this)g -(instruction)e(traps)h(as)h(an)g(unassigned)e(co)q(de)h(\()p -Fj(x)p Fq(2.16\).)p eop -%%Page: 75 25 -75 24 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.3.)31 b(FLO)o(A)m(TING{POINT)14 b(ARITHMETIC)990 -b FJ(75)150 195 y(put)15 b(the)g(result)h(in)e(A)o(C,A)o(C+1.)20 -b(Cop)o(y)14 b(the)i(data)e(from)f FE(E1)6 b FJ(,)p FE(E1)g -FJ(+1)14 b(to)h(A)o(C,A)o(C+1,)f(where)i(it)e(is)h(shifted)g(righ)o(t,)150 -245 y(arithmetically)8 b(\(as)j(in)f FC(ASHC)p FJ(\),)g(11)h(places,)g -(retaining)f(the)i(bits)e(that)h(are)g(shifted)g(out.)17 b(The)11 -b(sign)g(and)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)150 295 y(2106)234 301 y Fs(8)263 -295 y FJ(\(or)i(its)g(ones)g(complemen)o(t\))e(are)i(inserted)h(in)o(to)e -(bits)h(0{11.)k(That)c(result)g(is)g(normalized)e(b)o(y)h(left{shifting)150 -345 y(un)o(til)k(bit)h(12)g(of)g(the)h(high{order)f(w)o(ord)g(b)q(ecomes)h -(signi\014can)o(t.)24 b(The)17 b(left{shift)f(ma)o(y)e(restore)k(some)d(or)i -(all)e(of)150 394 y(the)h(bits)g(that)f(w)o(ere)i(shifted)f(righ)o(t)f -(initially)m(.)20 b(If)15 b(an)o(y)g(of)g(the)h(bits)g(shifted)g(righ)o(t)f -(remain)f(outside)i(the)g(double)150 444 y(w)o(ord)d(result,)g(then)h(if)e -(the)h(leftmost)f(of)g(those)i(bits)f(is)f(1,)h(the)g(result)h(is)f(mo)q -(di\014ed)e(b)o(y)i(adding)f(1)g(to)h(bit)g(35)f(of)g(the)150 -494 y(lo)o(w{order)h(w)o(ord)h(of)g(the)g(fraction.)p 150 743 -1495 4 v 150 668 V 148 741 4 75 v 1643 741 V 688 741 V 729 -741 V 896 741 V 162 773 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)698 718 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 773 y Fq(8)p -522 741 V 24 w(9)591 718 y FE(A)150 635 y Fk(GSNGL)159 b(Giant)19 -b(Floating)i(to)e(Single)i(Floating)1230 620 y Fs(22)306 717 -y FJ(123)p 276 893 1495 4 v 276 818 V 274 891 4 75 v 1769 891 -V 814 891 V 855 891 V 1021 891 V 288 922 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)824 868 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)620 922 y Fq(8)p 648 891 V 23 w(9)712 867 y FJ(00)-312 -b(21)164 868 y FE(E0)150 1018 y FJ(Con)o(v)o(ert)12 b(a)f(gian)o(t{format)e -(quan)o(tit)o(y)i(\(in)g FE(E1)6 b FJ(,)p FE(E1)g FJ(+1)983 -1003 y Fs(21)1019 1018 y FJ(\))11 b(to)h(a)f(single{precision)h(\015oating{p) -q(oin)o(t)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)i(in)h(A)o(C.)150 1068 y(Let)k -Fz(E)r(X)s(P)21 b FJ(signify)14 b(the)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)f(in)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e) -g(form)e(from)h(bits)h(1{11)f(of)h FE(E1)6 b FJ(.)21 b(If)15 -b Fz(E)r(X)s(P)h FH(\000)11 b FJ(2000)1733 1074 y Fs(8)1764 -1068 y FH(\025)j FJ(128,)g(set)150 1118 y(Floating)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)h(Ov)o -(er\015o)o(w,)h(and)f(T)m(rap)g(1;)g(do)g(not)g(a\013ect)i(the)f(accum)o -(ulator.)j(If)c Fz(E)r(X)s(P)h FH(\000)10 b FJ(2000)1769 1124 -y Fs(8)1799 1118 y Fz(<)j FH(\000)p FJ(128,)150 1167 y(set)i(Floating)d -(Under\015o)o(w,)i(Floating)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)h(and)g -(T)m(rap)f(1;)h(do)f(not)h(a\013ect)h(the)f(accum)o(ulator.)1905 -1152 y Fs(23)150 1253 y FJ(Otherwise,)21 b(cop)o(y)e(the)g(gian)o(t{format)d -(quan)o(tit)o(y)h(in)i FE(E1)6 b FJ(,)p FE(E1)g FJ(+1)18 b(to)h(an)f(in)o -(ternal)g(double)h(w)o(ord)f(register,)j(set)150 1303 y(bits)15 -b(1{11)f(of)h(the)g(high)g(order)h(w)o(ord)f(to)g(copies)g(of)g(the)g(sign)g -(bit,)g(shift)g(the)g(double)g(w)o(ord)g(register)h(three)h(bits)150 -1353 y(to)g(the)h(left)g(to)f(mo)o(v)o(e)f(the)i(most)e(signi\014can)o(t)h -(fraction)g(bit)g(from)f(bit)h(12)g(to)g(bit)g(9,)h(and)f(place)h(the)g(quan) -o(tit)o(y)150 1402 y Fz(E)r(X)s(P)e FH(\000)11 b FJ(1600)390 -1408 y Fs(8)423 1402 y FJ(\(or)16 b(its)g(ones)g(complemen)o(t\))e(in)h(bits) -h(1{8.)22 b(If)15 b(rounding)g(pro)q(duces)j(an)d(exp)q(onen)o(t)h -Fz(>)f FJ(127,)g(set)150 1452 y(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)i(Floating)e(Ov)o(er\015o)o -(w,)i(and)f(T)m(rap)h(1;)g(the)g(result)g(stored)g(has)g(an)f(exp)q(onen)o(t) -i(256)d(greater)j(than)e(the)150 1502 y(correct)g(one.)i(Store)c(the)h -(high{order)f(w)o(ord)f(in)h(A)o(C.)150 1588 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)i(Rounding)8 -b(can)i(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(only)g(if)f(the)i(original)e(op)q(erand)i(has)f -(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(127)f(and)g(fractional)g(magnitude)150 1637 -y FH(\025)j FJ(1)d FH(\000)g FJ(2)286 1622 y Fp(\000)p Fs(28)347 -1637 y FJ(.)p 150 1892 1495 4 v 150 1817 V 148 1890 4 75 v -1643 1890 V 688 1890 V 729 1890 V 896 1890 V 162 1922 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1867 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)494 1922 y Fq(8)p 522 1890 V 24 w(9)591 1867 y -FE(A)150 1784 y Fk(GDBLE)157 b(Single)21 b(Floating)g(to)e(Giant)g(Floating) -1230 1769 y Fs(22)306 1866 y FJ(123)p 276 2042 1495 4 v 276 -1967 V 274 2040 4 75 v 1769 2040 V 814 2040 V 855 2040 V 1021 -2040 V 288 2071 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)824 2017 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)620 2071 y Fq(8)p 648 2040 -V 23 w(9)712 2016 y FJ(00)-312 b(22)164 2017 y FE(E0)150 2167 -y FJ(Con)o(v)o(ert)13 b(the)g(single{precision)f(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f -(quan)o(tit)o(y)h(in)g FE(E1)18 b FJ(to)13 b(a)f(gian)o(t{format)d(quan)o -(tit)o(y)j(in)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)150 2217 y(This)i(con)o(v)o(ersion)g(is)g -(exact.)150 2302 y(Cop)o(y)19 b FE(E1)25 b FJ(to)19 b(A)o(C;)g(clear)h(A)o -(C+1.)34 b(Let)20 b Fz(E)r(X)s(P)25 b FJ(represen)o(t)d(the)e(exp)q(onen)o(t) -g(from)e(bits)h(1{8)g(of)f(it)h(E1.)35 b(Shift)150 2352 y(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)11 -b(arithmetically)e(three)k(bits)f(to)f(the)i(righ)o(t,)e(to)g(mo)o(v)o(e)f -(the)i(most)f(signi\014can)o(t)g(bit)g(of)g(the)i(fraction)e(from)150 -2402 y(bit)i(9)h(to)f(bit)g(12.)18 b(Place)c Fz(E)r(X)s(P)g -FJ(+)9 b(1600)782 2408 y Fs(8)814 2402 y FJ(\(or)k(its)h(ones)g(complemen)o -(t\))e(in)h(bits)g(1{11.)k(If)d(the)g(result)g(is)g(negativ)o(e,)150 -2452 y(clear)g(bit)g(0)f(in)h(A)o(C+1.)p 150 2482 720 2 v 181 -2509 a Fr(23)214 2520 y Fq(In)d(KL10)h(micro)q(co)q(de)e(v)o(ersion)g -(2.1[442],)g(con)o(v)o(ersion)g(of)i(a)g(gian)o(t{form)o(at)d(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)h(whose)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)e(is)i(in)g(the)f(range)g(1570)1934 -2525 y Fr(8)150 2560 y Fq(to)g(1577)265 2565 y Fr(8)293 2560 -y Fq(sets)g(under\015o)o(w)f(and,)g(incorrectly)m(,)e(stores)j(a)g(result.)p -eop -%%Page: 76 26 -76 25 bop 0 50 a FJ(76)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FF(2.3.3)55 b(Single{Precision)17 b(with)i(Rounding)0 -307 y FJ(There)g(are)g(four)f(instructions)h(that)f(use)h(only)e(one{w)o(ord) -h(op)q(erands)h(and)f(store)h(a)f(single{length,)g(rounded)0 -357 y(result.)g(Rounding)11 b(is)i(a)o(w)o(a)o(y)e(from)f(0:)17 -b(if)12 b(the)h(part)f(of)g(the)h(normalized)e(answ)o(er)i(b)q(eing)f(dropp)q -(ed)h(\(the)g(lo)o(w{order)0 407 y(part)k(of)e(the)j(fraction\))e(is)g -(greater)h(than)g(or)f(equal)g(in)g(magnitude)f(to)i(one)f(half)g(the)h(LSB)f -(of)g(the)h(part)g(b)q(eing)0 457 y(retained,)c(the)f(magnitude)f(of)g(the)i -(latter)f(part)h(is)f(increased)h(b)o(y)f(one)g(LSB.)1198 442 -y Fs(24)1245 457 y FJ(\(This)h(rounding)e(is)h(not)g(the)h(same)0 -507 y(as)h(the)g(rounding)g(used)h(in)e FC(FIXR)p FJ(.\))0 -592 y(The)i(rounding)f(instructions)i(ha)o(v)o(e)f(four)f(mo)q(des)g(that)h -(determine)g(the)g(source)h(of)e(the)i(non{A)o(C)e(op)q(erand)h(and)0 -642 y(the)j(destination)g(of)f(the)h(result.)30 b(These)19 -b(mo)q(des)e(are)i(lik)o(e)d(those)j(of)e(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)g(arithmetic,)g -(including)g(an)0 692 y(immediate)11 b(mo)q(de)i(that)h(allo)o(ws)e(the)j -(instruction)f(to)g(carry)g(an)g(op)q(erand)g(with)g(it.)893 -825 y FE(Sour)n(c)n(e)h(of)g(non{)153 b(Destination)274 874 -y(Mo)n(de)265 b(Su\016x)157 b(A)o(C)14 b(op)n(er)n(and)209 -b(of)15 b(r)n(esult)274 960 y FJ(Basic)523 b FE(E)395 b FJ(A)o(C)274 -1010 y(Immediate)166 b(I)243 b(The)14 b(w)o(ord)g Fz(E)r(;)7 -b FJ(0)162 b(A)o(C)274 1060 y(Memory)210 b(M)220 b FE(E)395 -b(E)274 1109 y FJ(Both)272 b(B)229 b FE(E)395 b FJ(A)o(C)14 -b(and)g Fz(E)0 1193 y FJ(Note,)f(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)f(that)h(\015oating{p)q -(oin)o(t)d(immediate)g(uses)j Fz(E)r(;)7 b FJ(0)12 b(as)h(an)f(op)q(erand,)g -(not)h(0)p Fz(;)7 b(E)r FJ(.)16 b(In)d(other)g(w)o(ords,)f(the)0 -1243 y(half)h(w)o(ord)h FE(E)19 b FJ(is)13 b(in)o(terpreted)j(as)e(a)f(sign,) -h(an)f(8{bit)g(exp)q(onen)o(t,)i(and)e(a)h(9{bit)f(fraction.)0 -1328 y(In)j(eac)o(h)g(of)e(these)j(instructions,)g(the)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)g -(that)g(results)g(from)e(normalization)f(and)i(rounding)g(is)g(tested)0 -1378 y(for)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)h(or)g(under\015o)o(w.)24 -b(If)15 b(the)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(is)e Fz(>)g FJ(127,)g(set)i(T)m(rap)e(1,)h -(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)g(and)g(Floating)e(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w;)0 1428 -y(the)j(result)g(stored)g(has)f(an)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(256)e(less)i(than)f -(the)h(correct)g(v)n(alue.)24 b(If)16 b(the)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(is)f -Fz(<)f FH(\000)p FJ(128,)h(set)0 1478 y(T)m(rap)c(1,)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)h -(Floating)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)h(and)g(Floating)f(Under\015o)o(w;)i(the)f -(result)h(stored)g(has)f(an)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(256)0 1528 y(greater)i(than)f -(the)g(correct)i(v)n(alue.)p 0 1777 1495 4 v 0 1702 V -2 1775 -4 75 v 1493 1775 V 538 1775 V 579 1775 V 746 1775 V 12 1806 -a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1752 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1806 y Fq(8)p 372 1775 V 24 w(9)441 -1752 y FE(A)0 1668 y Fk(F)-5 b(ADR)195 b(Floating)21 b(Add)d(and)g(Round)114 -1751 y FJ(144)p 289 1775 V 306 1752 a FE(M)261 1806 y Fq(6)24 -b(7)0 1902 y FJ(In)o(terpret)13 b(the)g(op)q(erands)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y) -f FE(M)19 b FJ(and)11 b(A)o(C)h(as)g(single{precision)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o -(t)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.)17 b(Compute)0 1952 y(their)11 b(sum.)k(If)10 -b(the)h(double{length)f(fraction)g(in)g(the)g(sum)g(is)g(zero,)h(clear)g(the) -g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(destination.)17 b(Otherwise,)0 2002 y(normalize)10 -b(the)j(double{length)e(sum)g(bringing)g(0s)h(in)o(to)f(bit)g(p)q(ositions)h -(v)n(acated)g(at)f(the)i(righ)o(t;)e(round)h(the)h(high{)0 -2051 y(order)j(part;)f(test)h(for)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f -(or)g(under\015o)o(w)g(as)g(describ)q(ed)i(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e;)e(and)g(place)g -(the)h(result)g(in)e(the)0 2101 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(destination.)62 -2243 y FB(FADR)112 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Add)h(and)f(Round)955 -b(144)62 2293 y FB(FADRI)90 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Add)h(and)f(Round)h(Immediate) -746 b(145)62 2342 y FB(FADRM)90 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Add)h(and)f(Round)h(to)g -(Memory)739 b(146)62 2392 y FB(FADRB)90 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Add)h(and)f(Round) -h(to)g(Both)801 b(147)p 0 2466 720 2 v 31 2493 a Fr(24)64 2505 -y Fq(In)13 b(the)g(hardw)o(are,)f(the)h(rounding)f(op)q(eration)f(is)i -(actually)f(somewhat)g(more)g(complex)g(than)g(stated)h(here.)20 -b(If)14 b(the)f(result)f(is)0 2544 y(negativ)o(e,)d(the)h(hardw)o(are)f(com)o -(bines)g(rounding)f(with)j(placing)e(the)h(high{order)e(w)o(ord)j(in)g(t)o(w) -o(os{complem)o(en)o(t)d(form)i(b)o(y)g(decreasing)0 2584 y(its)g(magnitude)e -(if)i(the)g(lo)o(w{order)e(part)i(is)g Fi(<)626 2570 y Fr(1)p -626 2576 16 2 v 626 2597 a(2)657 2584 y Fq(LSB.)g(Moreo)o(v)o(er,)f(an)h -(extra)f(single{step)f(renormaliz)o(ati)o(on)f(o)q(ccurs)i(if)i(the)f -(rounded)0 2629 y(w)o(ord)h(is)h(no)f(longer)f(normalized)o(.)p -eop -%%Page: 77 27 -77 26 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.3.)31 b(FLO)o(A)m(TING{POINT)14 b(ARITHMETIC)990 -b FJ(77)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 75 v 1643 353 -V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 384 -y Fq(8)p 522 353 V 24 w(9)591 330 y FE(A)150 246 y Fk(FSBR)200 -b(Floating)21 b(Subtract)e(and)g(Round)264 329 y FJ(154)p 439 -353 V 456 330 a FE(M)411 384 y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 480 y FJ(In)o(terpret)14 -b(the)g(op)q(erands)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f FE(M)19 b FJ(and)13 -b(A)o(C)f(as)h(single{precision)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.) -17 b(Subtract)150 530 y(the)f(memory)c(op)q(erand)k(from)d(the)j(A)o(C)f(op)q -(erand.)22 b(If)15 b(the)h(double{length)f(fraction)f(in)h(the)h -(di\013erence)h(is)e(zero,)150 580 y(clear)h(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i -(destination.)23 b(Otherwise,)17 b(normalize)d(the)i(double{length)g -(di\013erence)h(bringing)e(0s)h(in)o(to)150 629 y(bit)11 b(p)q(ositions)g(v)n -(acated)g(at)g(the)h(righ)o(t;)g(round)f(the)h(high{order)f(part;)h(test)g -(for)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(or)g(under\015o)o(w)150 -679 y(as)j(describ)q(ed)i(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e;)d(and)h(place)g(the)g(result)h(in)e -(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(destination.)212 821 y FB(FSBR)112 -b FJ(Floating)13 b(Subtract)h(and)g(Round)875 b(154)212 871 -y FB(FSBRI)90 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Subtract)h(and)g(Round)g(Immedia)o(te)667 -b(155)212 920 y FB(FSBRM)90 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Subtract)h(and)g(Round)g(to)f -(Memory)660 b(156)212 970 y FB(FSBRB)90 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Subtract)h(and)g -(Round)g(to)f(Both)722 b(157)p 150 1262 1495 4 v 150 1187 V -148 1260 4 75 v 1643 1260 V 688 1260 V 729 1260 V 896 1260 -V 162 1291 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -1237 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1291 y Fq(8)p 522 1260 V 24 -w(9)591 1237 y FE(A)150 1153 y Fk(FMPR)183 b(Floating)21 b(Multiply)f(and)f -(Round)264 1236 y FJ(164)p 439 1260 V 456 1237 a FE(M)411 1291 -y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 1387 y FJ(In)o(terpret)14 b(the)e(op)q(erands)h(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)d FE(M)19 b FJ(and)12 b(A)o(C)g(as)g(single{precision)g -(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.)17 b(F)m(orm)10 -b(the)150 1437 y(pro)q(duct)j(of)f(the)h(t)o(w)o(o)f(op)q(erands.)19 -b(If)12 b(the)h(double{length)f(fraction)g(in)g(the)h(pro)q(duct)h(is)e -(zero,)h(clear)g(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)150 1487 y(destination.)18 -b(Otherwise,)d(normalize)e(the)h(double{length)g(pro)q(duct)h(bringing)e(0s)h -(in)o(to)f(bit)h(p)q(ositions)g(v)n(acated)150 1537 y(at)f(the)h(righ)o(t;)e -(round)h(the)h(high{order)f(part;)g(test)h(for)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(o)o(v)o -(er\015o)o(w)f(or)g(under\015o)o(w)h(as)f(describ)q(ed)i(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e;)150 -1586 y(and)f(place)g(the)g(result)h(in)e(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(destination.) -212 1728 y FB(FMPR)112 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Multiply)f(and)i(Round)875 -b(164)212 1778 y FB(FMPRI)90 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Multiply)f(and)i(Round)f -(Immediate)667 b(165)212 1828 y FB(FMPRM)90 b FJ(Floating)13 -b(Multiply)f(and)i(Round)f(to)h(Memory)660 b(166)212 1877 y -FB(FMPRB)90 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Multiply)f(and)i(Round)f(to)h(Both)722 -b(167)p 150 2169 1495 4 v 150 2094 V 148 2167 4 75 v 1643 2167 -V 688 2167 V 729 2167 V 896 2167 V 162 2199 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2144 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)494 2199 y Fq(8)p 522 2167 V 24 w(9)591 2144 y FE(A)150 -2061 y Fk(FD)n(VR)192 b(Floating)21 b(Divide)f(and)e(Round)264 -2143 y FJ(174)p 439 2167 V 456 2144 a FE(M)411 2199 y Fq(6)24 -b(7)150 2294 y FJ(In)o(terpret)18 b(the)g(op)q(erands)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o -(y)f FE(M)23 b FJ(and)17 b(A)o(C)g(as)g(single{precision)f(\015oating{p)q -(oin)o(t)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.)27 b(If)16 b(the)150 2344 y(magnitude)11 -b(of)h(the)h(fraction)f(in)g(A)o(C)g(is)h(greater)g(than)g(or)f(equal)g(to)h -(t)o(wice)g(that)f(of)g(the)h(fraction)f(in)g(the)h(op)q(erand)150 -2394 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f FE(M)7 b FJ(,)13 b(set)i(T)m(rap)e(1,)g(Ov)o -(er\015o)o(w,)h(Floating)e(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)i(and)f(No)h(Divide)f(and)g(go)h -(imm)o(ediately)d(to)i(the)150 2444 y(next)h(instruction)h(without)e -(a\013ecting)h(the)h(original)d(A)o(C)i(or)f(memory)f(op)q(erand)i(in)g(an)o -(y)f(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)150 2529 y(Otherwise,)18 b(compute)e(the)h(quotien)o(t)g -(of)f(the)h(A)o(C)f(op)q(erand)h(divided)f(b)o(y)h(the)g(op)q(erand)g(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e FE(M)7 b FJ(,)16 b(cal-)150 2579 y(culating)g(a)g -(quotien)o(t)h(fraction)f(of)g(28)h(bits)f(\(this)h(includes)g(an)g(extra)g -(bit)g(for)f(rounding\).)26 b(If)16 b(the)i(fraction)e(is)p -eop -%%Page: 78 28 -78 27 bop 0 50 a FJ(78)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(zero,)i(clear)g(the)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i -(destination.)22 b(Otherwise,)17 b(round)e(the)h(fraction,)f(using)g(the)h -(extra)f(bit)g(calculated.)0 245 y(If)d(the)i(original)d(op)q(erands)i(w)o -(ere)h(normalized,)d(the)i(single{length)g(quotien)o(t)f(will)f(already)i(b)q -(e)g(normalized;)e(if)h(it)0 295 y(is)j(not,)g(normalize)e(it,)i(bringing)f -(0s)h(in)o(to)f(bit)h(p)q(ositions)f(v)n(acated)i(at)f(the)g(righ)o(t.)21 -b(T)m(est)16 b(for)e(exp)q(onen)o(t)i(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)0 -345 y(or)e(under\015o)o(w)g(as)g(describ)q(ed)i(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)i(Place)c -(the)g(result)h(in)e(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(destination.)62 -486 y FB(FDVR)112 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Divide)g(and)g(Round)914 -b(174)62 536 y FB(FDVRI)90 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Divide)g(and)g(Round)h -(Immediate)705 b(175)62 586 y FB(FDVRM)90 b FJ(Floating)13 -b(Divide)g(and)g(Round)h(to)g(Memory)698 b(176)62 636 y FB(FDVRB)90 -b FJ(Floating)13 b(Divide)g(and)g(Round)h(to)g(Both)760 b(177)0 -755 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)24 b(Division)15 b(fails)g(if)h(the)i(divisor)e(is)g -(zero.)28 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)17 b(the)h(no{divide)d(condition)i(can)f(also)h -(o)q(ccur)g(if)f(the)0 805 y(divisor)d(is)h(unnormalized.)0 -957 y FF(2.3.4)55 b(Single{Precision)17 b(without)i(Rounding)0 -1069 y FJ(Instructions)d(that)e(do)g(not)h(round)f(are)h(faster)h(for)e(pro)q -(cessing)h(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(with)g(fractions)h -(con-)0 1119 y(taining)f(few)o(er)i(than)g(27)f(signi\014can)o(t)g(bits.)23 -b(They)16 b(p)q(erform)f(the)h(four)f(standard)h(arithmetic)e(op)q(erations)i -(with)0 1169 y(normalization)d(but)k(without)e(rounding.)25 -b(All)15 b(use)i(A)o(C)f(and)g(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(lo)q(cation)h -FE(E)21 b FJ(as)16 b(op)q(erands)h(and)0 1219 y(ha)o(v)o(e)11 -b(three)h(mo)q(des.)17 b(They)11 b(lac)o(k)g(an)g(imm)o(ediate)e(mo)q(de)h -(but)h(are)h(otherwise)g(analogous)d(to)i(the)h(single{precision)0 -1268 y(instructions)j(with)e(rounding.)255 1451 y FE(Mo)n(de)161 -b(Su\016x)94 b(E\013e)n(ct)255 1536 y FJ(Basic)356 b(High{order)14 -b(w)o(ord)g(of)f(result)i(stored)g(in)e(A)o(C)255 1586 y(Memory)106 -b(M)157 b(High{order)14 b(w)o(ord)g(of)f(result)i(stored)g(in)e -FE(E)255 1636 y FJ(Both)168 b(B)e(High{order)14 b(w)o(ord)g(of)f(result)i -(stored)g(in)e(A)o(C)h(and)g FE(E)0 1720 y FJ(In)g(eac)o(h)h(of)e(these)j -(instructions,)e(the)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(that)f(results)h(from)e -(normalization)e(is)j(tested)h(for)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(or)0 -1769 y(under\015o)o(w.)19 b(If)13 b(the)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(is)e -Fz(>)f FJ(127,)h(set)i(T)m(rap)e(1,)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)g(and)f(Floating)g -(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w;)h(the)g(result)h(stored)0 1819 y(has)g(an)g(exp)q(onen)o -(t)h(256)e(less)i(than)f(the)h(correct)h(v)n(alue.)k(If)15 -b(the)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(is)f Fz(<)f FH(\000)p FJ(128,)h(set)h(T)m(rap)e(1,)h -(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)0 1869 y(Floating)d(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)i(and)g(Floating)e -(Under\015o)o(w;)i(the)g(result)h(stored)g(has)f(an)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)i(256)e -(greater)i(than)e(the)0 1919 y(correct)j(v)n(alue.)p 0 2160 -1495 4 v 0 2085 V -2 2158 4 75 v 1493 2158 V 538 2158 V 579 -2158 V 746 2158 V 12 2190 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 2135 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2190 y Fq(8)p -372 2158 V 24 w(9)441 2135 y FE(A)0 2052 y Fk(F)-5 b(AD)230 -b(Floating)21 b(Add)114 2134 y FJ(140)p 289 2158 V 306 2135 -a FE(M)261 2190 y Fq(6)j(7)0 2285 y FJ(In)o(terpret)19 b(the)f(op)q(erands)g -(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e FE(M)24 b FJ(and)17 b(A)o(C)h(as)f -(single{precision)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.)28 -b(F)m(orm)0 2335 y(the)20 b(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(sum)g(of)h(the)h(op)q -(erands.)36 b(If)19 b(the)h(double{length)f(fraction)g(in)g(the)h(sum)e(is)h -(zero,)j(clear)0 2385 y(the)c(destination)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e -FE(M)7 b FJ(.)17 b(Otherwise,)i(normalize)d(the)i(double{length)f(sum)f -(bringing)g(0s)i(in)o(to)e(bit)0 2435 y(p)q(ositions)c(v)n(acated)g(at)h(the) -g(righ)o(t;)e(test)j(for)e(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(or)g -(under\015o)o(w)h(as)f(describ)q(ed)j(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e;)d(and)g(place)0 -2484 y(the)i(high{order)g(w)o(ord)g(of)f(the)i(result)f(in)g(the)g(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(destination.)1117 2469 y Fs(25)p 0 2519 720 2 -v 31 2546 a Fr(25)64 2558 y Fh(Caution)s Fq(:)22 b(In)14 b(single{precisio)o -(n)e(\015oating{p)q(oin)n(t)g(addition,)i(the)g(term)g(with)h(the)f(smaller)f -(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(is)i(righ)o(t{shifted)d(in)i(a)0 2597 y(double{leng)o(th)7 -b(register;)i(sp)q(eci\014cally)m(,)f(a)i(register)e(with)j(54)f(magnitude)d -(bits.)14 b(If)c(the)g(di\013erence)e(in)i(the)f(exp)q(onen)o(ts)f(is)i -Fi(<)h Fq(54,)f(there)p eop -%%Page: 79 29 -79 28 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.3.)31 b(FLO)o(A)m(TING{POINT)14 b(ARITHMETIC)990 -b FJ(79)212 247 y FB(FAD)134 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Add)1170 b(140)212 -297 y FB(FADM)112 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Add)h(to)g(Memory)954 -b(142)212 347 y FB(FADB)112 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Add)h(to)g(Both)1016 -b(143)p 150 638 1495 4 v 150 564 V 148 637 4 75 v 1643 637 -V 688 637 V 729 637 V 896 637 V 162 668 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 613 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 668 -y Fq(8)p 522 637 V 24 w(9)591 613 y FE(A)150 530 y Fk(FSB)235 -b(Floating)21 b(Subtract)264 613 y FJ(150)p 439 637 V 129 w -FE(M)411 668 y Fq(6)j(7)150 764 y FJ(In)o(terpret)13 b(the)g(op)q(erands)g -(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)f FE(M)19 b FJ(and)11 b(A)o(C)h(as)g -(single{precision)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.)17 -b(Compute)150 814 y(the)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)d(di\013erence)19 -b(b)o(y)d(subtracting)g(the)h(op)q(erand)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e -FE(M)23 b FJ(from)15 b(the)h(A)o(C)h(op)q(erand.)25 b(If)150 -863 y(the)14 b(double{length)g(fraction)f(in)g(the)i(di\013erence)g(is)f -(zero,)g(clear)g(the)h(destination)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d -FE(M)21 b FJ(Otherwise,)150 913 y(normalize)14 b(the)i(double)g(length)f -(di\013erence,)j(bringing)c(0s)i(in)o(to)f(bit)g(p)q(ositions)h(v)n(acated)f -(at)h(the)g(righ)o(t;)g(test)g(for)150 963 y(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(o)o(v)o -(er\015o)o(w)e(or)h(under\015o)o(w)h(as)f(describ)q(ed)i(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e;)d -(and)h(place)g(the)h(high{order)f(w)o(ord)g(of)f(the)i(result)f(in)150 -1013 y(the)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(destination.)602 998 y Fs(26)212 -1154 y FB(FSB)134 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Subtract)1091 b(150)212 -1204 y FB(FSBM)112 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Subtract)h(to)g(Memory)875 -b(152)212 1254 y FB(FSBB)112 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Subtract)h(to)g(Both)937 -b(153)p 150 1546 1495 4 v 150 1471 V 148 1544 4 75 v 1643 1544 -V 688 1544 V 729 1544 V 896 1544 V 162 1575 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1521 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)494 1575 y Fq(8)p 522 1544 V 24 w(9)591 1521 y FE(A)150 -1437 y Fk(FMP)218 b(Floating)21 b(Multiply)264 1520 y FJ(160)p -439 1544 V 456 1521 a FE(M)411 1575 y Fq(6)j(7)150 1671 y FJ(In)o(terpret)14 -b(the)e(op)q(erands)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)d FE(M)19 b FJ(and)12 -b(A)o(C)g(as)g(single{precision)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.) -17 b(F)m(orm)10 b(the)150 1721 y(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)j(pro)q(duct)j(of)e -(these)j(t)o(w)o(o)d(op)q(erands.)23 b(If)14 b(the)i(double{length)e -(fraction)h(in)f(the)i(pro)q(duct)g(is)f(zero,)150 1771 y(clear)h(the)h -(destination)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e FE(M)7 b FJ(.)15 b(Otherwise,)j -(normalize)c(the)j(double{length)f(pro)q(duct)h(bringing)e(0s)150 -1820 y(in)o(to)f(bit)h(p)q(ositions)f(v)n(acated)h(at)g(the)h(righ)o(t;)e -(test)i(for)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(or)g(under\015o)o(w)g -(as)g(describ)q(ed)i(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e;)150 1870 y(and)d(place)g(the)g -(high{order)g(w)o(ord)g(of)f(the)i(result)f(in)g(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i -(destination.)212 2012 y FB(FMP)134 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Multiply)1089 -b(160)212 2062 y FB(FMPM)112 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Multiply)f(to)i(Memory)875 -b(162)212 2111 y FB(FMPB)112 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Multiply)f(to)i(Both)937 -b(163)p 150 2189 720 2 v 150 2227 a Fq(is)12 b(at)g(least)f(one)g -(signi\014can)o(t)f(bit)h(after)g(the)h(shift)f(\(assuming)f(normalized)f(op) -q(erands\).)14 b(If)e(the)g(di\013erence)d(is)j Fi(>)f Fq(72)h(\(in)g(the)f -(KA10,)150 2266 y(or)i Fi(>)h Fq(64)f(in)g(the)f(KI10\),)h(the)g(hardw)o(are) -f(thro)o(ws)h(the)g(term)f(a)o(w)o(a)o(y)h(b)o(y)g(substituting)d(zero.)20 -b(But)13 b(when)g(the)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)e(di\013erence)150 2306 -y(lies)h(in)f(the)h(range)e(54)i(to)g(72)g(\(64\),)f(the)g(pro)q(cedure)e -(disp)q(oses)i(of)h(all)f(signi\014can)o(t)f(bits)h(without)g(actually)f -(substituting)f(zero.)16 b(This)150 2345 y(means)10 b(that)g(if)h(the)f -(shifted)g(term)g(is)h(p)q(ositiv)o(e)e(it)i(app)q(ears)e(in)i(the)g -(addition)e(as)i(all)f(0s,)h(but)g(if)g(negativ)o(e)d(it)j(app)q(ears)f(as)h -(all)f(1s.)15 b(The)150 2385 y(latter)10 b(case)h(giv)o(es)f(an)h(answ)o(er)g -(that)g(is)g(less)g(b)o(y)g(one)g(LSB.)185 2424 y(In)g(the)g(XKL)367 -2421 y(-)378 2424 y(1and)f(the)h(KL10,)h(no)f(shift)g(is)g(large)g(enough)e -(to)i(turn)g(a)h(negativ)o(e)d(op)q(erand)g(to)j(zero.)i(No)e(matter)e(ho)o -(w)i(small)e(the)150 2464 y(negativ)o(e)f(op)q(erand,)g(it)j(will)f(c)o -(hange)f(the)h(LSB)g(of)g(the)g(result.)181 2492 y Fr(26)214 -2503 y Fq(The)16 b(caution)e(giv)o(en)g(in)i(fo)q(otnote)e(25)h(for)h -(addition)e(applies)g(also)h(to)h(subtraction,)e(whic)o(h)h(is)h(done)f(b)o -(y)h(adding)e(with)i(the)150 2543 y(subtrahend)c(negated.)25 -b(Here)15 b(the)f(lesser)h(answ)o(er)f(\(as)h(against)f(a)h(true)f(zero)g -(substitution\))e(o)q(ccurs)i(when)h(the)g(term)f(with)h(the)150 -2582 y(smaller)d(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(is)i(negativ)o(e)e(after)h(the)g -(subtrahend)e(negation;)i(i.e.,)h(when)g(the)f(term)g(of)h(smaller)e -(magnitude)f(is)j(a)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e)150 2622 y(subtrahend)8 -b(or)k(a)f(negativ)o(e)e(min)o(uend.)p eop -%%Page: 80 30 -80 29 bop 0 50 a FJ(80)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)p 0 355 1495 4 v 0 280 V -2 353 4 75 v 1493 -353 V 538 353 V 579 353 V 746 353 V 12 384 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 330 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)344 384 y Fq(8)p 372 353 V 24 w(9)441 330 y FE(A)0 246 -y Fk(FD)n(V)227 b(Floating)21 b(Divide)114 329 y FJ(170)p 289 -353 V 306 330 a FE(M)261 384 y Fq(6)j(7)0 480 y FJ(In)o(terpret)18 -b(the)g(op)q(erands)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)f FE(M)23 b FJ(and)17 -b(A)o(C)g(as)g(single{precision)f(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.) -27 b(If)16 b(the)0 530 y(magnitude)d(of)i(the)g(fraction)g(in)f(A)o(C)h(is)g -(greater)h(than)f(or)g(equal)f(to)h(t)o(wice)g(the)h(magnitude)d(of)h(the)i -(fraction)e(in)0 580 y(lo)q(cation)e FE(E)5 b FJ(,)12 b(set)i(T)m(rap)e(1,)g -(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)h(Floating)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)g(and)h(No)g(Divide)e(and)i -(go)f(immediately)d(to)k(the)g(next)0 629 y(instruction)h(without)g -(a\013ecting)g(the)g(original)e(A)o(C)i(or)g(memory)d(op)q(erand)k(in)e(an)o -(y)h(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)0 715 y(Otherwise,)j(compute)e(the)h(\015oating{p)q(oin)o -(t)e(quotien)o(t)h(of)g(A)o(C)g(divided)g(b)o(y)h(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f -(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)5 b FJ(.)15 b(Cal-)0 765 y(culate)g(a)f(quotien)o(t)g -(fraction)g(of)f(27)h(bits.)19 b(If)14 b(the)h(fraction)f(is)g(zero,)h(clear) -f(the)h(destination)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e FE(M)7 b FJ(.)14 -b(A)0 815 y(quotien)o(t)c(with)f(a)h(non{zero)g(fraction)f(will)f(already)i -(b)q(e)g(normalized)e(if)h(the)i(original)d(op)q(erands)i(w)o(ere)h -(normalized;)0 864 y(if)f(it)g(is)g(not,)h(normalize)d(it,)j(bringing)e(0s)i -(in)o(to)e(bit)h(p)q(ositions)h(v)n(acated)f(at)h(the)g(righ)o(t.)16 -b(T)m(est)11 b(for)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)0 -914 y(or)j(under\015o)o(w)g(as)g(describ)q(ed)i(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)d(and)h -(place)g(the)g(single{length)g(quotien)o(t)f(in)h(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i -(destination.)819 1032 y FF(NOTE)104 1123 y FJ(In)10 b(the)h(KL10,)f(KS10,)h -(and)f(XKL)630 1119 y(-)642 1123 y(1,)g(a)g(negativ)o(e)g(quotien)o(t)g(is)g -(represen)o(ted)k(b)o(y)c(a)g(t)o(w)o(os{complemen)o(t)104 -1173 y(only)k(when)i(the)g(remainder)f(is)g(zero.)23 b(Otherwise)17 -b(it)e(is)g(a)g(ones{complemen)o(t.)20 b(In)15 b(the)h(KI10)f(and)104 -1223 y(KA10,)f(a)h(t)o(w)o(os)g(complemen)o(t)e(is)h(used)i(for)f(a)f -(negativ)o(e)h(quotien)o(t)g(regardless)h(of)e(the)i(v)n(alue)e(of)h(the)104 -1273 y(remainder.)62 1484 y FB(FDV)134 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Divide)1128 -b(170)62 1533 y FB(FDVM)112 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Divide)g(to)g(Memory)914 -b(172)62 1583 y FB(FDVB)112 b FJ(Floating)13 b(Divide)g(to)g(Both)976 -b(173)0 1703 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)24 b(Division)15 b(fails)g(if)h(the)i(divisor)e -(is)g(zero.)28 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)17 b(the)h(no{divide)d(condition)i(can)f -(also)h(o)q(ccur)g(if)f(the)0 1752 y(divisor)d(is)h(unnormalized.)0 -1904 y FF(2.3.5)55 b(Double{Precision)599 1883 y Fs(27)0 2017 -y FJ(There)20 b(are)f(four)f(instructions)h(for)f(the)i(four)e(basic)h(op)q -(erations;)h(they)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g(no)f(mo)q(des.)32 b(All)17 -b(use)j(A)o(C)e(and)0 2067 y(memory)c(op)q(erands)k(and)f(place)g(the)g -(result)g(in)g(the)g(accum)o(ulators.)26 b(Memory)16 b(op)q(erands)h(are)g -(double)g(length)0 2116 y(in)i(lo)q(cation)f Fz(E)r(;)7 b(E)14 -b FJ(+)f(1;)392 2101 y Fs(28)449 2116 y FJ(A)o(C)19 b(op)q(erands)h(and)f -(results)h(are)g(double)f(length)g(in)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1.)34 b(All)18 -b(op)q(erands)0 2166 y(are)g(in)o(terpreted)h(as)f(double{precision)f -(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.)29 b(All)16 b(results)j(are)f -(normalized)e(regardless)0 2216 y(of)g(the)h(status)h(of)e(the)h(original)e -(op)q(erands;)k(except)f(that)f(in)f(KI10)g(m)o(ultiplication)e(and)i -(division,)g(the)h(result)0 2266 y(is)g(guaran)o(teed)h(to)f(b)q(e)h -(normalized)d(only)h(when)i(the)g(original)d(op)q(erands)j(are)g(normalized.) -26 b(Except)19 b(in)d(KI10)0 2316 y(division,)d(the)i(result)g(is)g(rounded.) -20 b(The)15 b(rounding)f(function)g(is)g(the)h(same)f(as)h(that)f(used)i(in)e -(single{precision:)0 2365 y(if)e(the)i(part)f(of)g(the)h(answ)o(er)g(b)q -(eing)f(dropp)q(ed)h(\(the)g(lo)o(w{order)e(part)i(of)e(the)i(fraction\))f -(is)g(greater)h(than)f(or)g(equal)0 2415 y(in)i(magnitude)f(to)i(one)g(half)f -(the)h(LSB)g(of)g(the)g(double{length)f(part)h(b)q(eing)g(retained,)h(the)f -(magnitude)e(of)h(the)0 2465 y(latter)e(part)g(is)g(increased)h(b)o(y)f(one)g -(LSB)h(\(with)e(appropriate)h(adjustmen)o(t)g(for)f(a)h(t)o(w)o(os{complemen) -o(t)d(negativ)o(e\).)p 0 2502 720 2 v 31 2529 a Fr(27)64 2541 -y Fq(In)h(the)f(KA10)i(these)f(instruction)o(s)e(trap)i(as)g(unassigned)e(co) -q(des)h(\()p Fj(x)o Fq(2.16\).)31 2568 y Fr(28)64 2580 y Fq(Refer)g(to)h(the) -g(description)e(of)i Fi(E)r(;)5 b(E)10 b Fq(+)e(1)j(on)g(page)g(52.)p -eop -%%Page: 81 31 -81 30 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.3.)31 b(FLO)o(A)m(TING{POINT)14 b(ARITHMETIC)990 -b FJ(81)150 195 y(In)15 b(eac)o(h)h(of)e(these)j(instructions,)f(the)f(exp)q -(onen)o(t)h(that)g(results)g(from)d(normalization)f(and)j(rounding)g(\(if)g -(done\))150 245 y(is)i(tested)h(for)e(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)h(or)g(under\015o)o -(w.)27 b(If)16 b(the)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)f(is)g Fz(>)f FJ(127,)h(set)g(T)m(rap)g -(1,)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)i(and)e(Floating)150 295 y(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w;)21 -b(the)e(result)h(stored)f(has)g(an)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(256)f(less)i(than)e -(the)i(correct)g(v)n(alue.)32 b(If)18 b(the)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)f(is)150 -345 y Fz(<)12 b FH(\000)p FJ(128,)h(set)i(T)m(rap)f(1,)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)h -(Floating)e(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)i(and)g(Floating)f(Under\015o)o(w;)h(the)g -(result)h(stored)g(has)f(an)150 394 y(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(256)e(greater)i(than)f -(the)g(correct)i(v)n(alue.)p 150 643 1495 4 v 150 569 V 148 -642 4 75 v 1643 642 V 688 642 V 729 642 V 896 642 V 162 673 -a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 618 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 673 y Fq(8)p 522 642 V 24 w(9)591 -618 y FE(A)150 535 y Fk(DF)-5 b(AD)190 b(Double)19 b(Floating)j(Add)306 -618 y FJ(110)150 769 y(Add)11 b(the)h(double{precision)f(\015oating{p)q(oin)o -(t)f(op)q(erand)h(in)g(lo)q(cation)f Fz(E)r(;)d(E)f FJ(+)t(1)11 -b(to)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)17 b(If)11 b(the)h(fraction)e(in)150 -818 y(the)15 b(sum)e(is)g(zero,)i(clear)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1.)k(Otherwise,)d -(normalize)d(the)j(triple{length)e(sum,)g(bringing)g(0s)h(in)g(at)f(the)150 -868 y(righ)o(t;)e(round)h(the)h(high{order)e(double{length)h(part;)g(test)g -(for)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(or)f(under\015o)o(w)h(as)g -(describ)q(ed)150 918 y(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e;)h(and)h(place)g(the)g(result)h(in)f -(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)990 1036 y FF(Note)254 1127 y FJ(The)g(KI10)g(zero)g(test) -h(insp)q(ects)h(only)d(the)h(high{order)g(70)g(bits)g(in)f(the)h(fraction.)p -150 1453 1495 4 v 150 1379 V 148 1452 4 75 v 1643 1452 V 688 -1452 V 729 1452 V 896 1452 V 162 1483 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1429 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1483 -y Fq(8)p 522 1452 V 24 w(9)591 1429 y FE(A)150 1345 y Fk(DFSB)195 -b(Double)19 b(Floating)j(Subtract)306 1428 y FJ(111)150 1579 -y(Subtract)17 b(the)f(double{precision)h(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)d(op)q(erand) -i(in)g(lo)q(cation)f Fz(E)r(;)7 b(E)12 b FJ(+)f(1)16 b(from)e(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o -(.)25 b(If)15 b(the)150 1629 y(fraction)e(in)f(the)h(di\013erence)i(is)e -(zero,)h(clear)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)18 b(Otherwise,)c(normalize)d(the)j -(triple{length)f(di\013erence,)150 1678 y(bringing)e(0s)i(in)o(to)e(bit)h(p)q -(ositions)g(v)n(acated)h(at)f(the)h(righ)o(t;)f(round)g(the)h(high{order)f -(double{length)g(part;)h(test)g(for)150 1728 y(exp)q(onen)o(t)i(o)o(v)o -(er\015o)o(w)e(or)h(under\015o)o(w)h(as)e(describ)q(ed)j(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e;)d -(and)h(place)g(the)h(result)f(in)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)969 1846 -y FF(NOTE)254 1938 y FJ(The)g(KI10)g(zero)g(test)h(insp)q(ects)h(only)d(the)h -(high{order)g(70)g(bits)g(in)f(the)h(fraction.)p 150 2264 1495 -4 v 150 2189 V 148 2262 4 75 v 1643 2262 V 688 2262 V 729 2262 -V 896 2262 V 162 2293 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)698 2239 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2293 y Fq(8)p -522 2262 V 24 w(9)591 2239 y FE(A)150 2155 y Fk(DFMP)178 b(Double)19 -b(Floating)j(Multiply)306 2238 y FJ(112)150 2389 y FE(XKL)241 -2385 y(-)254 2389 y(1)10 b(pr)n(o)n(c)n(essor)t FJ(,)g FE(KL10)c -FJ(,)k(and)f FE(KS10)d FJ(:)16 b(Multiply)8 b(the)i(double{precision)f -(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(op)q(erand)i(in)e(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)150 -2439 y(b)o(y)14 b(the)h(op)q(erand)g(in)f(lo)q(cation)g Fz(E)r(;)7 -b(E)k FJ(+)f(1.)19 b(If)14 b(the)h(pro)q(duct)h(is)e(zero,)h(clear)g(A)o(C,A) -o(C+1)o(.)20 b(Otherwise,)c(normalize)150 2489 y(the)e(pro)q(duct,)h(round)f -(the)g(high{order)g(double{length)g(part,)f(test)i(for)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(o)o -(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(and)g(under\015o)o(w)g(as)150 2538 y(describ)q(ed)i(ab)q -(o)o(v)o(e;)d(and)h(place)g(the)g(result)h(in)e(A)o(C,A)o(C+1.)1082 -2523 y Fs(29)p 150 2573 720 2 v 181 2600 a Fr(29)214 2612 y -Fq(The)g(KL10)h(considers)e(only)g(one)h(bit)h(to)f(the)g(righ)o(t)g(of)g -(the)g(least)g(signi\014can)o(t)e(bit)i(when)h(rounding.)19 -b(If)14 b(that)e(bit)i(is)f(set,)h(the)p eop -%%Page: 82 32 -82 31 bop 0 50 a FJ(82)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FE(KI10)6 b FJ(:)16 b(Multiply)10 b(the)h -(double{precision)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(op)q(erand)i(in)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1) -h(b)o(y)f(the)h(op)q(erand)h(in)e(lo)q(cation)0 245 y Fz(E)r(;)d(E)t -FJ(+)r(1.)16 b(If)10 b(the)h(high{order)f(70)g(bits)g(of)g(the)g(fraction)g -(in)g(the)h(pro)q(duct)g(are)g(zero,)g(clear)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)17 -b(Otherwise,)0 295 y(if)9 b(there)j(are)e(an)o(y)g(bits)g(of)f -(signi\014cance)i(among)d(the)j(high{order)f(35)f(bits,)i(do)f(at)f(most)g -(one)i(normalization)c(shift)j(if)0 345 y(required;)j(if)e(the)i(high{order)f -(35)g(bits)g(are)h(zero,)f(shift)g(the)h(fraction)f(left)g(35)f(places)i -(\(adjusting)f(the)g(exp)q(onen)o(t\),)0 394 y(and)h(then)i(do)e(at)g(most)g -(one)h(normalization)c(shift)k(if)e(required.)19 b(Round)13 -b(the)i(high{order)e(double{length)g(part;)0 444 y(test)g(for)e(exp)q(onen)o -(t)i(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(and)f(under\015o)o(w)i(as)f(describ)q(ed)i(ab)q(o) -o(v)o(e;)d(and)h(place)g(the)h(result)f(in)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)18 -b(The)0 494 y(35{bit)c(shift)h(is)h(done)f(only)g(if)f(the)i(original)e(op)q -(erands)i(are)g(unnormalized.)21 b(The)16 b(single)f(normalization)d(shift)0 -544 y(pro)q(duces)j(a)f(normalized)e(result)j(for)f(normalized)e(op)q -(erands.)p 0 793 1495 4 v 0 718 V -2 791 4 75 v 1493 791 V -538 791 V 579 791 V 746 791 V 12 822 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 768 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 822 -y Fq(8)p 372 791 V 24 w(9)441 768 y FE(A)0 684 y Fk(DFD)n(V)187 -b(Double)19 b(Floating)j(Divide)156 767 y FJ(113)0 918 y(If)d(the)i -(magnitude)d(of)h(the)h(fraction)f(in)g(the)i(double{precision)f -(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(op)q(erand)i(in)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)g(is)0 -968 y(greater)d(than)e(or)h(equal)f(to)h(t)o(wice)g(that)g(of)f(the)h -(fraction)g(in)f(the)h(op)q(erand)g(in)g(lo)q(cation)e Fz(E)r(;)7 -b(E)12 b FJ(+)e(1,)k(set)h(T)m(rap)g(1,)0 1018 y(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)j -(Floating)e(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)i(and)f(No)g(Divide)f(and)i(go)e(immediately)e -(to)j(the)h(next)g(instruction)f(without)0 1068 y(a\013ecting)d(the)h -(original)d(A)o(C)i(or)f(memory)f(op)q(erand)i(in)g(an)o(y)f(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)0 -1153 y(Otherwise,)19 b(divide)e(the)h(A)o(C)g(op)q(erand)f(b)o(y)h(the)g -(memory)d(op)q(erand,)j(calculating)e(a)h(quotien)o(t)h(fraction)f(of)f(63)0 -1203 y(bits)d(including)e(one)i(for)g(rounding)f(\(62)g(in)g(the)i(KI10\).)j -(If)12 b(the)i(fraction)e(is)g(zero,)i(clear)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)18 -b(Otherwise,)0 1253 y(in)c(the)i(XKL)213 1249 y(-)225 1253 -y(1)f(pro)q(cessor,)h(KL10,)e(and)h(KS10,)f(normalize)g(the)h(quotien)o(t)g -(and)f(round)h(it)g(using)g(the)g(extra)g(bit)0 1303 y(calculated.)24 -b(T)m(est)16 b(for)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(or)f(under\015o)o -(w)i(as)f(describ)q(ed)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)f(and)f(place)h(the)h(quotien)o(t)e -(in)0 1352 y(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)34 b(The)19 b(remainder)g(is)f(lost.)34 -b(Division)17 b(fails)h(if)g(the)i(divisor)e(is)h(zero.)34 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)20 b(the)g(no{divide)0 1402 y(condition)13 -b(can)h(also)g(o)q(ccur)h(if)e(the)h(divisor)f(is)h(unnormalized.)0 -1488 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)k(In)c(the)g(KI10)g(the)h(quotien)o(t)e(is)h -(normalized)e(if)h(the)i(original)d(op)q(erands)j(are)f(normalized.)0 -1640 y FF(2.3.6)55 b(Gian)n(t{F)-5 b(ormat)18 b(Extended{Range)g(Double)g -(Precision)1385 1618 y Fs(30)0 1752 y FJ(There)i(are)f(four)f(instructions)h -(for)f(the)i(four)e(basic)h(op)q(erations;)h(they)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g(no)f(mo)q -(des.)32 b(All)17 b(use)j(A)o(C)e(and)0 1802 y(memory)c(op)q(erands)j(and)g -(place)f(the)h(result)h(in)e(the)h(accum)o(ulators.)25 b(Memory)15 -b(op)q(erands)i(are)g(double{length)0 1852 y(in)d(lo)q(cation)g -Fz(E)r(;)7 b(E)k FJ(+)f(1;)377 1837 y Fs(31)427 1852 y FJ(A)o(C)15 -b(op)q(erands)g(and)g(results)g(are)h(double{length)e(in)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1.)20 -b(All)14 b(op)q(erands)i(are)0 1901 y(in)o(terpreted)k(as)f(gian)o(t{format)c -(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.)32 b(All)18 b(results)i(are)f -(normalized)e(regardless)i(of)f(the)0 1951 y(status)h(of)g(the)g(original)e -(op)q(erands.)33 b(All)18 b(results)i(are)f(rounded.)33 b(The)19 -b(rounding)f(function)g(is)h(the)g(same)f(as)0 2001 y(that)f(used)h(in)f -(single)g(precision:)25 b(if)16 b(the)i(part)f(of)f(the)i(answ)o(er)g(b)q -(eing)f(dropp)q(ed)h(\(the)g(lo)o(w{order)f(part)g(of)f(the)0 -2051 y(fraction\))d(is)g(greater)i(than)e(or)g(equal)g(in)g(magnitude)e(to)j -(one)f(half)f(the)i(LSB)g(of)f(the)h(double{length)f(part)g(b)q(eing)0 -2101 y(retained,)g(the)g(magnitude)e(of)h(the)h(latter)f(part)h(is)f -(increased)i(b)o(y)e(one)h(LSB)g(\(with)f(appropriate)h(adjustmen)o(t)e(for)0 -2151 y(a)j(t)o(w)o(os{complemen)o(t)d(negativ)o(e\).)0 2236 -y(In)k(eac)o(h)h(of)e(these)j(instructions,)f(the)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(that)g -(results)g(from)d(normalization)f(and)j(rounding)g(\(if)g(done\))0 -2286 y(is)h(tested)h(for)e(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)h(or)f(under\015o)o(w.)25 -b(If)15 b(the)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(is)f Fz(>)f FJ(1023,)f(set)j(T)m(rap)e(1,)h -(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)g(and)f(Floating)0 2336 y(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w;)k(the)f -(result)h(stored)f(has)g(an)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(2048)e(less)j(than)e(the)h -(correct)i(v)n(alue.)28 b(If)17 b(the)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)f(is)0 -2386 y Fz(<)12 b FH(\000)p FJ(1024,)f(set)j(T)m(rap)e(1,)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,) -g(Floating)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)i(and)f(Floating)f(Under\015o)o(w;)i(the)g -(result)g(stored)h(has)e(an)0 2435 y(exp)q(onen)o(t)j(2048)e(greater)h(than)g -(the)h(correct)g(v)n(alue.)p 0 2470 720 2 v 0 2508 a Fq(KL10)c(adds)g(one)g -(to)g(the)g(least)f(signi\014can)o(t)f(bit.)15 b(This)c(di\013ers)f(from)h -(the)f(rounding)f(emplo)o(y)o(ed)g(in)i(other)f(instructions.)31 -2536 y Fr(30)64 2548 y Fq(In)h(the)f(KA10,)i(KI10,)f(and)g(KS10)g(these)f -(instructions)f(trap)h(as)h(unassigned)e(co)q(des)h(\()p Fj(x)p -Fq(2.16\).)31 2576 y Fr(31)64 2588 y Fq(Refer)g(to)h(the)g(description)e(of)i -Fi(E)r(;)5 b(E)10 b Fq(+)e(1)j(on)g(page)g(52.)p eop -%%Page: 83 33 -83 32 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.3.)31 b(FLO)o(A)m(TING{POINT)14 b(ARITHMETIC)990 -b FJ(83)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 75 v 1643 353 -V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 384 -y Fq(8)p 522 353 V 24 w(9)591 330 y FE(A)150 246 y Fk(GF)-5 -b(AD)193 b(Giant)19 b(Floating)i(Add)306 329 y FJ(102)150 480 -y(Add)c(the)h(gian)o(t{format)d(op)q(erand)i(in)g(lo)q(cation)f -Fz(E)r(;)7 b(E)13 b FJ(+)f(1)1107 465 y Fs(32)1159 480 y FJ(to)17 -b(the)h(gian)o(t{format)c(op)q(erand)k(in)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)150 -530 y(If)h(the)h(fraction)f(in)f(the)i(sum)f(is)g(zero,)h(clear)g(A)o(C,A)o -(C+1.)31 b(Otherwise,)20 b(normalize)d(the)h(triple{length)g(sum,)150 -580 y(bringing)c(0s)i(in)f(at)g(the)h(righ)o(t;)f(round)g(the)h(high)f(order) -h(double)f(length)h(part;)f(test)i(for)e(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o -(w)f(or)150 629 y(under\015o)o(w;)f(and)g(place)g(the)g(result)h(in)e(A)o -(C,A)o(C+1.)150 715 y(Exp)q(onen)o(t)18 b(under\015o)o(w)f(o)q(ccurs)h(when)g -(t)o(w)o(o)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(of)f(similar)f(small)g(magnitude)g(and)i -(di\013ering)g(signs)g(are)150 765 y(added)j(to)g(pro)q(duce)g(a)g(non{zero)g -(result)g(whic)o(h,)h(when)f(normalized,)f(results)i(in)e(the)i(exp)q(onen)o -(t)f(b)q(ecoming)150 815 y(smaller)12 b(than)i FH(\000)p FJ(1024.)j(The)d -(result)g(stored)h(will)d(ha)o(v)o(e)h(an)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(that)g(is)f(to)q -(o)g(large)h(b)o(y)f(2048.)k(If)c(exp)q(onen)o(t)150 864 y(under\015o)o(w)h -(o)q(ccurs,)h(set)g(Floating)e(Under\015o)o(w,)g(Floating)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o -(w,)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)f(and)h(T)m(rap)g(1.)150 950 y(Exp)q(onen)o(t)d(o)o -(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(o)q(ccurs)i(when)e(t)o(w)o(o)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(of)g -(similar)d(large)j(magnitude)f(and)h(iden)o(tical)g(signs)g(are)h(added)150 -1000 y(to)17 b(pro)q(duce)g(a)g(result)g(whic)o(h)g(requires)h(a)e(righ)o(t)g -(shift)h(to)f(normalize)f(and)i(whic)o(h)g(results)g(in)g(an)f(exp)q(onen)o -(t)i(of)150 1050 y(+1024.)f(The)c(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(stored)g(will)e(b)q(e)h -FH(\000)p FJ(1024;)f(i.e.,)g(to)q(o)h(small)d(b)o(y)j(2048.)k(If)12 -b(exp)q(onen)o(t)i(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(o)q(ccurs,)h(set)150 -1099 y(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)g(Floating)e(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)i(and)g(T)m(rap)f(1.) -p 150 1348 1495 4 v 150 1274 V 148 1347 4 75 v 1643 1347 V -688 1347 V 729 1347 V 896 1347 V 162 1378 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1323 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)494 1378 y Fq(8)p 522 1347 V 24 w(9)591 1323 y FE(A)150 -1240 y Fk(GFSB)198 b(Giant)19 b(Floating)i(Subtract)306 1323 -y FJ(103)150 1474 y(Subtract)11 b(the)f(gian)o(t{format)d(op)q(erand)j(in)f -(lo)q(cation)g Fz(E)r(;)e(E)s FJ(+)q(1)j(from)e(the)i(op)q(erand)g(in)f(A)o -(C,A)o(C+1.)17 b(If)9 b(the)h(fraction)150 1523 y(in)15 b(the)h(sum)f(is)g -(zero,)h(clear)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1.)23 b(Otherwise,)17 b(normalize)d(the)i -(triple{length)f(di\013erence,)i(bringing)e(0s)150 1573 y(in)h(at)g(the)h -(righ)o(t;)f(round)g(the)h(high)f(order)h(double)f(length)g(part;)h(test)g -(for)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(or)g(under\015o)o(w;)150 -1623 y(and)e(place)g(the)g(result)h(in)e(A)o(C,A)o(C+1.)150 -1709 y(Subtraction)e(is)g(e\013ected)j(b)o(y)c(negating)h(the)h(subtrahend)g -(and)f(adding.)16 b(The)c(conditions)e(under)i(whic)o(h)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o -(w)150 1758 y(or)j(under\015o)o(w)g(o)q(ccur)h(corresp)q(ond)h(to)d(those)i -(describ)q(ed)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)d(for)h FC(GF)m(AD)p FJ(.)p -150 2007 1495 4 v 150 1933 V 148 2006 4 75 v 1643 2006 V 688 -2006 V 729 2006 V 896 2006 V 162 2037 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1982 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2037 -y Fq(8)p 522 2006 V 24 w(9)591 1982 y FE(A)150 1899 y Fk(GFMP)181 -b(Giant)19 b(Floating)i(Multiply)306 1982 y FJ(106)150 2133 -y(Multiply)11 b(the)h(gian)o(t{format)d(op)q(erand)k(in)e(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)h(b)o -(y)f(the)i(op)q(erand)g(in)e(lo)q(cation)g Fz(E)r(;)c(E)g FJ(+)e(1.)18 -b(If)11 b(the)i(pro)q(duct)150 2183 y(is)e(zero,)i(clear)e(A)o(C,A)o(C+1.)17 -b(Otherwise,)c(normalize)d(the)i(pro)q(duct;)g(round)g(the)g(high)f(order)h -(double)f(length)g(part;)150 2232 y(test)k(for)e(exp)q(onen)o(t)i(o)o(v)o -(er\015o)o(w)f(and)f(under\015o)o(w;)h(and)g(place)g(the)h(result)f(in)g(A)o -(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)150 2318 y(In)g(m)o(ultiplicatio)o(n,)d(the)j(exp)q(onen)o(t)h -(of)e(the)h(result)h(is)f(computed)f(b)o(y)g(adding)g(the)i(exp)q(onen)o(ts)g -(of)e(the)i(op)q(erands,)150 2368 y(with)e(an)g(adjustmen)o(t)g(for)g -(normalization)e(of)i(the)h(result.)k(Under\015o)o(w)c(o)q(ccurs)h(when)f(t)o -(w)o(o)f(negativ)o(e)h(exp)q(onen)o(ts)150 2418 y(are)i(added)g(to)g(form)e -(a)h(result)h(smaller)e(than)i FH(\000)p FJ(1024.)23 b(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)16 -b(o)q(ccurs)h(when)f(t)o(w)o(o)f(p)q(ositiv)o(e)h(exp)q(onen)o(ts)h(are)150 -2467 y(added)d(to)g(form)e(a)i(result)g(larger)g(than)g(+1023.)p -150 2502 720 2 v 181 2529 a Fr(32)214 2541 y Fq(Refer)c(to)h(the)g -(description)e(of)i Fi(E)r(;)5 b(E)10 b Fq(+)e(1)j(on)g(page)g(52.)p -eop -%%Page: 84 34 -84 33 bop 0 50 a FJ(84)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)p 0 355 1495 4 v 0 280 V -2 353 4 75 v 1493 -353 V 538 353 V 579 353 V 746 353 V 12 384 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 330 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)344 384 y Fq(8)p 372 353 V 24 w(9)441 330 y FE(A)0 246 -y Fk(GFD)n(V)190 b(Giant)19 b(Floating)i(Divide)156 329 y FJ(107)0 -480 y(If)14 b(the)h(magnitude)e(of)h(the)h(fraction)f(in)g(the)h(gian)o -(t{format)d(op)q(erand)j(in)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)g(is)g(greater)h(than)g(or)f -(equal)0 530 y(to)f(t)o(wice)g(that)g(of)f(the)i(fraction)f(in)f(the)i(gian)o -(t{forma)o(t)c(op)q(erand)k(in)e(lo)q(cation)g Fz(E)r(;)7 b(E)i -FJ(+)f(1,)k(set)i(T)m(rap)f(1,)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)0 580 y(Floating)g(Ov)o -(er\015o)o(w,)h(and)g(No)h(Divide)e(and)h(go)g(immediately)d(to)j(the)h(next) -g(instruction)g(without)f(a\013ecting)g(the)0 629 y(original)h(A)o(C)h(or)h -(memory)d(op)q(erand)j(in)f(an)o(y)g(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)22 b(Division)14 -b(fails)h(when)h(the)g(divisor)f(is)g(zero.)24 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)16 -b(the)0 679 y(no{divide)d(condition)g(can)h(also)f(o)q(ccur)i(if)f(the)g -(divisor)f(is)h(unnormalized.)0 765 y(Otherwise,)19 b(divide)e(the)h(A)o(C)g -(op)q(erand)f(b)o(y)h(the)g(memory)d(op)q(erand,)j(calculating)e(a)h(quotien) -o(t)h(fraction)f(of)f(60)0 815 y(bits)g(including)e(one)i(for)f(rounding.)23 -b(If)15 b(the)i(fraction)e(is)g(zero,)i(clear)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)23 -b(Otherwise,)17 b(normalize)d(the)0 864 y(quotien)o(t)h(and)f(round)h(it)f -(using)h(the)g(extra)h(bit)e(calculated.)21 b(T)m(est)15 b(for)f(exp)q(onen)o -(t)i(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)e(or)h(under\015o)o(w,)g(and)0 914 -y(place)f(the)h(quotien)o(t)e(in)h(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)k(The)d(remainder)e(is)h -(lost.)0 1066 y FF(2.3.7)55 b(KA10)19 b(Soft)n(w)n(are)h(Double{Precision)0 -1178 y FJ(These)h(instructions)g(are)f(regarded)i(as)e(obsolete|they)g(are)h -(solely)e(for)h(assisting)g(in)f(the)i(KA10)f(soft)o(w)o(are)0 -1228 y(implemen)o(tatio)o(n)12 b(of)i(double{precision)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o -(t)f(arithmetic.)18 b(Hence,)e(they)e(exist)h(only)f(in)g(the)h(KA10,)0 -1278 y(the)10 b(KI10,)g(and)g(those)h(KL10)e(pro)q(cessors)j(whose)f(micro)q -(co)q(de)e(implemen)o(ts)f(them)h(sp)q(eci\014cally)h(for)f(compatibilit)o(y) -0 1328 y(with)j(KA10)h(usage.)322 1313 y Fs(33)375 1328 y FJ(A)f(programmer)f -(who)h(emplo)o(ys)f(these)j(instructions)f(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(a)o(w)o(are)g -(that)f(the)h(double{)0 1378 y(length)g(format)f(for)h(KA10)g(soft)o(w)o(are) -g(double{precision)g(is)g(not)h(the)g(same)e(as)h(the)h(standard)g -(double{precision)0 1428 y(format)c(giv)o(en)i(in)g FH(x)q -FJ(1.5.2.)j(A)e(double{length)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(in)f(KA10)i(soft)o(w)o(are) -f(double{precision)h(format)d(con)o(tains)0 1477 y(a)i(54{bit)f(fraction,)h -(half)f(of)h(whic)o(h)g(is)g(in)g(bits)g(9{35)g(of)f(eac)o(h)i(w)o(ord.)k -(The)c(sign)f(and)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(are)g(in)f(bits)g(0)g(and)0 -1527 y(1{8)e(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)j(of)d(the)i(w)o(ord)e(con)o(taining)g(the)i -(more)e(signi\014can)o(t)g(half,)h(and)f(the)i(standard)f(t)o(w)o -(os{complemen)o(t)0 1577 y(is)j(used)g(to)g(form)e(the)i(negativ)o(e)g(of)f -(the)h(en)o(tire)g(63{bit)f(string.)18 b(In)c(the)g(remaining)e(part)i(of)f -(the)h(less)g(signi\014can)o(t)0 1627 y(w)o(ord,)g(bit)h(0)f(is)h(0,)f(and)h -(bits)g(1{8)f(con)o(tain)g(a)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(27)g(less)h(than)g(the)g -(exp)q(onen)o(t,)h(but)f(this)g(is)f(expressed)j(in)0 1677 -y(p)q(ositiv)o(e)e(form)f(ev)o(en)i(though)f(bits)g(9{35)f(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)i -(part)f(of)g(a)g(negativ)o(e)g(fraction.)22 b(F)m(or)15 b(example,)f(the)i(n) -o(um)o(b)q(er)0 1726 y(2)21 1711 y Fs(18)65 1726 y FJ(+)10 -b(2)128 1711 y Fp(\000)p Fs(18)202 1726 y FJ(has)k(this)g(t)o(w)o(o{w)o(ord)f -(represen)o(tation)j(in)d(soft)o(w)o(are)h(double{precision)g(format:)p -432 1818 937 2 v 432 1869 2 52 v 446 1857 a(0)9 b(10)k(010)g(011)g(100)g(000) -g(000)h(000)f(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)p 1367 1869 V 432 -1871 937 2 v 432 1945 V 432 1997 2 52 v 446 1984 a(0)c(01)k(111)g(000)g(000)g -(000)g(000)h(100)f(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)p 1367 1997 -V 432 1999 937 2 v 447 1904 a Fs(0)f(1)161 b(8)17 b(9)626 b(35)p -471 1870 2 50 v 679 1870 V 447 2032 a(0)12 b(1)161 b(8)17 b(9)626 -b(35)p 471 1996 V 679 1996 V 0 2129 a FJ(whereas)15 b(its)f(negativ)o(e)g(is) -p 432 2220 937 2 v 432 2272 2 52 v 446 2259 a(1)9 b(01)k(101)g(100)g(011)g -(111)g(111)h(111)f(111)g(111)g(111)g(111)g(111)p 1367 2272 -V 432 2274 937 2 v 432 2347 V 432 2399 2 52 v 446 2386 a(0)c(01)k(111)g(000)g -(111)g(111)g(111)h(100)f(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)g(000)p 1367 -2399 V 432 2401 937 2 v 447 2306 a Fs(0)f(1)161 b(8)17 b(9)626 -b(35)p 469 2272 2 50 v 676 2272 V 447 2435 a(0)12 b(1)161 b(8)17 -b(9)626 b(35)p 471 2400 V 676 2400 V 0 2464 720 2 v 31 2491 -a Fr(33)64 2502 y Fq(In)12 b(KL10)h(pro)q(cessors)e(that)i(do)f(not)h(supp)q -(ort)e(these)h(instructions)e(in)j(micro)q(co)q(de,)d(they)j(trap)f(as)h -(unassigned)d(co)q(des)i(\()p Fj(x)p Fq(2.16\))0 2542 y(and)f(are)f(sim)o -(ulated,)f(faithfully)g(and)i(slo)o(wly)m(,)g(in)g(soft)o(w)o(are.)p -eop -%%Page: 85 35 -85 34 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.3.)31 b(FLO)o(A)m(TING{POINT)14 b(ARITHMETIC)990 -b FJ(85)150 195 y(Routines)14 b(for)g(p)q(erforming)f(soft)o(w)o(are)h -(double{precision)h(arithmetic)e(are)i(made)e(p)q(ossible)h(b)o(y)g(the)h -(six)f(instruc-)150 245 y(tions)h(describ)q(ed)j(here.)25 b(F)m(our)15 -b(of)g(these)i(do)e(the)i(basic)f(op)q(erations)f(with)h(normalization;)d -(the)j(double{length)150 295 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)c(in)h(soft)o(w)o(are)g -(format)e(is)i(used)h(as)f(a)g(dividend)g(or)g(it)f(app)q(ears)i(as)f(the)h -(result)g(in)e(addition,)g(subtraction,)150 345 y(or)g(m)o(ultiplication.)j -(The)d(remaining)f(t)o(w)o(o)h(instructions)h(do)f(not)h(normalize:)i(one)e -(negates)h(a)e(soft)o(w)o(are)g(double{)150 394 y(length)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f -(the)i(other)f(p)q(erforms)g(a)f(sp)q(ecial)h(unnormalized)f(addition)g(for)g -(manipulating)e(lo)o(w{order)i(parts)150 444 y(of)k(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g -(without)g(shifting)f(them)h(from)e(their)j(prop)q(er)g(p)q(ositions.)20 -b(In)14 b(the)h(instructions)g(for)f(the)h(basic)f(op-)150 -494 y(erations,)k(the)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(that)f(results)i(from)c -(normalization)f(is)j(tested)i(for)e(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(or)h(under\015o)o -(w.)29 b(If)16 b(the)150 544 y(exp)q(onen)o(t)f(is)g Fz(>)d -FJ(127,)i(set)h(T)m(rap)f(1,)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)h(and)f(Floating)f(Ov)o -(er\015o)o(w;)h(the)i(result)f(stored)g(has)g(an)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)150 -594 y(256)e(less)i(than)f(the)g(correct)i(v)n(alue.)i(If)12 -b(the)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)f(is)g Fz(<)f FH(\000)p FJ(128,)g(set)i(T)m(rap)e(1,)h -(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)g(Floating)e(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)150 643 y(and)j(Floating)e -(Under\015o)o(w;)i(the)h(result)f(stored)h(has)f(an)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(256)e -(greater)i(than)e(the)i(correct)h(v)n(alue.)969 761 y FF(NOTE)254 -853 y FJ(The)k(follo)o(wing)e(instructions)i(are)h(solely)e(for)h(assisting)g -(in)f(KA10)h(soft)o(w)o(are)g(double{precision)254 902 y(\015oating{p)q(oin)o -(t)8 b(arithmetic.)15 b(In)10 b(an)o(y)f(pro)q(cessor)i(that)f(do)q(es)g(not) -g(implemen)o(t)d(them,)i(their)h(co)q(des)h(are)254 952 y(unassigned)h(and)g -(they)g(therefore)h(execute)h(as)e(MUUOs)h(rather)f(than)g(p)q(erforming)e -(the)j(op)q(erations)254 1002 y(giv)o(en)g(in)h(the)g(follo)o(wing)d -(descriptions.)p 150 1328 1495 4 v 150 1253 V 148 1327 4 75 -v 1643 1327 V 688 1327 V 729 1327 V 896 1327 V 162 1358 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1303 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)494 1358 y Fq(8)p 522 1327 V 24 w(9)591 1303 y -FE(A)150 1220 y Fk(DFN)222 b(Double)19 b(Floating)j(Negate)306 -1303 y FJ(131)150 1454 y(Negate)f(the)h(soft)o(w)o(are)e(double{length)g -(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(comp)q(osed)h(of)f(the)h(con)o -(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(A)o(C)g(and)150 1503 y(lo)q(cation)11 b FE(E)18 -b FJ(with)12 b(A)o(C)g(on)g(the)h(left.)18 b(Do)11 b(this)i(b)o(y)f(taking)f -(the)i(t)o(w)o(os)g(complemen)o(t)d(of)i(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(whose)h -(sign)f(is)150 1553 y(A)o(C)i(bit)g(0,)g(whose)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)i(is)e(in)f -(A)o(C)i(bits)f(1{8,)f(and)h(whose)h(fraction)f(is)g(the)h(54{bit)e(string)h -(in)g(bits)g(9{35)g(of)150 1603 y(A)o(C)g(and)h(lo)q(cation)e -FE(E)5 b FJ(.)14 b(Place)h(the)g(high{order)g(w)o(ord)f(of)g(the)h(result)g -(in)f(A)o(C;)g(place)h(the)g(lo)o(w)f(order)h(part)f(of)g(the)150 -1653 y(fraction)e(in)g(bits)h(9{35)f(of)g(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)18 -b FJ(without)12 b(altering)g(the)i(original)c(con)o(ten)o(ts)k(of)e(bits)h -(0{8)f(of)g(that)g(lo)q(cation.)150 1738 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)28 -b(Usually)18 b(the)h(double{length)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(is)h(in)f(t)o(w)o(o)g -(adjacen)o(t)h(accum)o(ulators,)f(and)h FE(E)24 b FJ(equals)18 -b Fz(A)13 b FJ(+)g(1.)150 1788 y(There)20 b(is)g(no)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g -(test,)i(b)q(ecause)g(negating)e(a)g(correctly)h(formatted)f(\015oating{p)q -(oin)o(t)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)i(cannot)150 1838 y(cause)c(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w.) -150 1924 y FC(DFN)f(A)o(C,A)o(C)d FJ(is)j(unde\014ned.)p 150 -2170 1495 4 v 150 2095 V 148 2168 4 75 v 1643 2168 V 688 2168 -V 729 2168 V 896 2168 V 162 2199 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2145 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2199 -y Fq(8)p 522 2168 V 24 w(9)591 2145 y FE(A)150 2061 y Fk(UF)-5 -b(A)232 b(Unno)n(rmalized)20 b(Floating)h(Add)306 2144 y FJ(130)150 -2295 y(Add)15 b(the)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(of)e(lo)q -(cation)g FE(E)20 b FJ(to)14 b(A)o(C.)1124 2280 y Fs(34)1174 -2295 y FJ(If)g(the)i(double{length)e(fraction)g(in)h(the)g(sum)f(is)150 -2345 y(zero,)k(clear)f(A)o(C+1.)27 b(Otherwise)18 b(normalize)d(the)i(sum)f -(only)g(if)g(the)h(magnitude)f(of)g(its)h(fractional)e(part)i(is)g -FH(\025)150 2395 y FJ(1,)g(and)g(place)h(the)g(high{order)f(part)g(of)g(the)h -(result)g(in)f(A)o(C+1.)28 b(The)18 b(original)d(con)o(ten)o(ts)j(of)f(A)o(C) -g(and)g FE(E)23 b FJ(are)150 2444 y(una\013ected.)150 2530 -y(If)13 b(the)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(of)e(the)h(sum)f(follo)o(wing)e(the)j -(one{step)g(normalization)d(is)i Fz(>)f FJ(127,)h(set)h(T)m(rap)f(1,)g(Ov)o -(er\015o)o(w)h(and)p 150 2565 720 2 v 181 2592 a Fr(34)214 -2603 y Fq(The)d(caution)f(giv)o(en)g(in)h(fo)q(otnote)e(25)i(for)g(F)l(AD)h -(applies)e(to)h(this)g(instruction)e(as)i(w)o(ell.)p eop -%%Page: 86 36 -86 35 bop 0 50 a FJ(86)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(Floating)e(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w;)i(the)h(result)f -(stored)h(has)f(an)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(256)e(less)h(than)g(the)h(correct)g(v)n -(alue.)0 281 y FE(Notes)s FJ(.)j(The)11 b(exp)q(onen)o(t)i(of)e(the)h(sum)e -(is)i(equal)f(to)g(that)h(of)f(the)h(larger)f(addend)h(unless)h(addition)d -(of)h(the)h(fractions)0 330 y(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(ws,)h(in)h(whic)o(h)g(case)h -(it)e(is)h(greater)h(b)o(y)e(1.)18 b(Exp)q(onen)o(t)d(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)e -(can)h(o)q(ccur)h(only)e(in)h(the)g(latter)g(case.)p 0 579 -1495 4 v 0 505 V -2 578 4 75 v 1493 578 V 538 578 V 579 578 -V 746 578 V 12 609 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)548 555 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 609 y Fq(8)p 372 578 -V 24 w(9)441 555 y FE(A)0 471 y Fk(F)-5 b(ADL)201 b(Floating)21 -b(Add)d(Long)156 554 y FJ(141)0 705 y(Add)d(the)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f -(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(of)e(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)20 b FJ(to)14 b(A)o(C.)974 -690 y Fs(34)1024 705 y FJ(If)g(the)i(double{length)e(fraction)g(in)h(the)g -(sum)f(is)0 755 y(zero,)j(clear)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)24 b(Otherwise,)17 -b(normalize)d(the)i(double{length)g(sum,)e(bringing)h(0s)h(in)o(to)f(bit)g(p) -q(ositions)0 804 y(v)n(acated)e(at)g(the)h(righ)o(t;)e(test)j(for)d(exp)q -(onen)o(t)i(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(or)g(under\015o)o(w)h(as)f(describ)q(ed)i -(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e;)e(and)g(place)g(the)h(high)0 854 y(order)f(w)o(ord)f(of)g -(the)h(result)g(in)f(A)o(C.)g(If)g(the)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(of)f(the)h(sum)e -(is)i Fz(<)e FH(\000)p FJ(101)42 b(\()p FH(\000)p FJ(128)6 -b(+)g(27\))12 b(or)g(the)h(lo)o(w{order)0 904 y(half)e(of)g(the)h(fraction)f -(is)g(zero,)i(clear)f(A)o(C+1.)17 b(Otherwise)c(place)f(a)f(lo)o(w{order)g(w) -o(ord)h(for)f(a)g(double{length)g(result)0 954 y(in)j(A)o(C+1)g(b)o(y)g -(putting)g(a)h(0)f(in)g(bit)g(0,)f(an)i(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(in)f(p)q(ositiv)o(e) -g(form)e(that)j(is)f(27)g(less)h(than)f(the)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(of)0 -1004 y(the)e(sum)f(in)h(bits)g(1{8,)e(and)i(the)h(lo)o(w{order)e(part)h(of)f -(the)i(fraction)e(in)h(bits)g(9{35.)p 0 1253 1495 4 v 0 1178 -V -2 1251 4 75 v 1493 1251 V 538 1251 V 579 1251 V 746 1251 -V 12 1282 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -1228 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1282 y Fq(8)p 372 1251 V 24 -w(9)441 1228 y FE(A)0 1144 y Fk(FSBL)206 b(Floating)21 b(Subtract)e(Long)156 -1227 y FJ(151)0 1378 y(Subtract)d(the)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)d(con)o(ten)o -(ts)j(of)f(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)20 b FJ(from)14 b(A)o(C.)1104 -1363 y Fs(35)1154 1378 y FJ(If)g(the)i(double{length)f(fraction)g(in)f(the)0 -1428 y(di\013erence)k(is)e(zero,)h(clear)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1.)24 -b(Otherwise,)18 b(normalize)c(the)j(double)f(length)g(di\013erence,)i -(bringing)d(0s)0 1478 y(in)o(to)9 b(bit)g(p)q(ositions)h(v)n(acated)f(at)h -(the)g(righ)o(t;)g(test)h(for)e(exp)q(onen)o(t)i(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)e(or)h -(under\015o)o(w)g(as)f(describ)q(ed)j(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e;)e(and)0 -1527 y(place)g(the)g(high)f(order)i(w)o(ord)f(of)f(the)h(result)h(in)e(A)o -(C.)g(If)h(the)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(of)e(the)h(di\013erence)i(is)d -Fz(<)j FH(\000)p FJ(101)41 b(\()p FH(\000)p FJ(128)q(+)q(27\))0 -1577 y(or)15 b(the)h(lo)o(w{order)e(half)h(of)f(the)i(fraction)e(is)h(zero,)h -(clear)g(A)o(C+1.)21 b(Otherwise,)c(place)e(a)g(lo)o(w{order)g(w)o(ord)f(for) -h(a)0 1627 y(double{length)g(result)g(in)g(A)o(C+1)g(b)o(y)g(putting)f(a)h(0) -g(in)f(bit)h(0,)g(an)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)i(in)f(p)q(ositiv)o(e)g(form)e(that)i -(is)g(27)f(less)0 1677 y(than)g(the)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(of)e(the)i -(di\013erence)h(in)d(bits)h(1{8,)f(and)g(the)i(lo)o(w{order)e(part)h(of)g -(the)g(fraction)g(in)f(bits)h(9{35.)p 0 1926 1495 4 v 0 1851 -V -2 1924 4 75 v 1493 1924 V 538 1924 V 579 1924 V 746 1924 -V 12 1955 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -1901 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1955 y Fq(8)p 372 1924 V 24 -w(9)441 1901 y FE(A)0 1817 y Fk(FMPL)189 b(Floating)21 b(Multiply)f(Long)156 -1900 y FJ(161)0 2051 y(Multiply)8 b(the)i(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(op)q -(erand)i(in)f(A)o(C)g(b)o(y)g(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(lo)q(cation)f -FE(E)d FJ(.)k(If)g(the)h(double{length)f(fraction)0 2101 y(in)15 -b(the)g(pro)q(duct)h(is)f(zero,)g(clear)h(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)22 -b(Otherwise,)16 b(normalize)d(the)j(double{length)e(pro)q(duct,)i(bringing)0 -2151 y(0s)c(in)o(to)f(bit)g(p)q(ositions)g(v)n(acated)h(at)f(the)i(righ)o(t;) -e(test)i(for)e(exp)q(onen)o(t)i(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)e(or)g(under\015o)o(w)i -(as)e(describ)q(ed)j(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e;)0 2201 y(and)e(place)h(the)g(high)f -(order)h(w)o(ord)f(of)g(the)h(result)h(in)e(A)o(C.)g(If)g(the)h(exp)q(onen)o -(t)g(of)f(the)h(pro)q(duct)g(is)g Fz(>)f FJ(154\(127)6 b(+)g(27\))0 -2250 y(or)14 b Fz(<)f FH(\000)p FJ(101\()p FH(\000)p FJ(128)c(+)h(27\))k(or)g -(the)h(lo)o(w)f(order)h(half)e(of)h(the)h(fraction)f(is)g(zero,)h(clear)g(A)o -(C+1.)20 b(Otherwise)c(place)e(a)0 2300 y(lo)o(w{order)f(w)o(ord)g(for)g(a)h -(double{length)f(result)h(in)f(A)o(C+1)g(b)o(y)g(putting)h(a)f(0)g(in)g(bit)g -(0,)g(an)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(in)f(p)q(ositiv)o(e)0 2350 y(form)i(that)j(is)e -(27)h(less)h(than)f(the)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(of)e(the)i(pro)q(duct)g(in)e(bits) -i(1{8,)e(and)h(the)h(lo)o(w{order)f(part)g(of)f(the)0 2400 -y(fraction)d(in)h(bits)g(9{35.)p 0 2426 720 2 v 31 2453 a Fr(35)64 -2465 y Fq(The)d(caution)f(giv)o(en)g(in)h(fo)q(otnote)e(26)i(for)g(FSB)g -(applies)f(to)h(this)g(instruction)e(as)i(w)o(ell.)p eop -%%Page: 87 37 -87 36 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.4.)31 b(BOOLEAN)15 b(FUNCTIONS)1187 -b FJ(87)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 75 v 1643 353 -V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 384 -y Fq(8)p 522 353 V 24 w(9)591 330 y FE(A)150 246 y Fk(FD)n(VL)198 -b(Floating)21 b(Divide)f(Long)306 329 y FJ(171)150 480 y(If)11 -b(the)h(magnitude)e(of)g(the)i(soft)o(w)o(are{format)e(double{length)h -(fraction)f(in)h(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)g(is)g(greater)i(than)e(or)g(equal)150 -530 y(to)k(t)o(wice)g(the)g(magnitude)e(of)h(the)h(fraction)f(in)h(lo)q -(cation)e FE(E)5 b FJ(,)15 b(set)g(T)m(rap)f(1,)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)h -(Floating)e(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)i(and)150 580 y(No)d(Divide,)g(and)g(go)g(imm)o -(ediately)e(to)i(the)h(next)g(instruction)f(without)h(a\013ecting)f(the)h -(original)e(A)o(C)h(or)g(memory)150 629 y(op)q(erand)i(in)g(an)o(y)f(w)o(a)o -(y)m(.)150 715 y(Otherwise,)18 b(divide)e(the)h(soft)o(w)o(are{format)d -(double{length)j(op)q(erand)f(in)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)g(b)o(y)h(the)g(con)o(ten)o -(ts)g(of)f(lo-)150 765 y(cation)i FE(E)5 b FJ(.)19 b(Calculate)f(a)h(quotien) -o(t)f(fraction)h(of)f(27)g(bits.)33 b(If)18 b(the)i(fraction)e(is)h(zero,)h -(clear)f(A)o(C.)f(A)h(quotien)o(t)150 815 y(with)13 b(a)f(non{zero)i -(fraction)e(will)g(already)g(b)q(e)i(normalized)d(if)h(the)i(original)d(op)q -(erands)i(w)o(ere)h(normalized;)d(if)i(it)f(is)150 864 y(not,)i(normalize)f -(it,)h(bringing)f(0s)i(in)o(to)f(bit)g(p)q(ositions)g(v)n(acated)h(at)f(the)i -(righ)o(t.)j(T)m(est)c(for)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)i(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)e(or)150 -914 y(under\015o)o(w)g(as)g(describ)q(ed)i(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)d(and)h(place)g -(the)g(single{length)g(quotien)o(t)f(part)i(of)e(the)h(result)h(in)e(A)o(C.) -150 1000 y(Calculate)20 b(the)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(for)e(the)i(fractional)e -(remainder)h(from)e(the)j(division)e(according)h(to)g(the)h(relativ)o(e)150 -1050 y(magnitudes)15 b(of)h(the)h(fractions)g(in)f(dividend)g(and)h(divisor:) -23 b(if)15 b(the)i(dividend)g(w)o(as)f(greater)i(than)e(or)h(equal)f(to)150 -1099 y(the)h(divisor,)f(the)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(of)f(the)h(remainder)f(is)g -(26)g(less)h(than)f(that)h(of)f(the)h(dividend,)f(otherwise)h(it)f(is)g(27) -150 1149 y(less.)j(If)13 b(the)h(remainder)f(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(is)f -Fz(<)f FH(\000)p FJ(128)h(or)h(the)g(fraction)f(is)g(zero,)h(clear)g(A)o -(C+1.)k(Otherwise,)d(place)e(the)150 1199 y(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f -(remainder)h(\(exp)q(onen)o(t)i(and)f(fraction\))g(with)f(the)i(sign)e(of)h -(the)g(dividend)g(in)f(A)o(C+1.)990 1319 y FF(Note)254 1410 -y FJ(In)f(the)h(KL10)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(implemen)o(tati)o(on)e(of)i -FC(FD)o(VL)p FJ(,)f(a)i(negativ)o(e)f(quotien)o(t)g(is)h(represen)o(ted)i(b)o -(y)d(a)254 1460 y(t)o(w)o(os{complemen)o(t)h(only)i(when)h(the)g(remainder)f -(is)g(zero;)i(otherwise,)f(it)f(is)h(a)f(ones{complemen)o(t)254 -1510 y(\(i.e.,)g(to)q(o)h(small)e(b)o(y)i(one)g(LSB\).)g(In)g(the)h(KI10)f -(and)g(KA10,)g(a)g(t)o(w)o(os{complemen)o(t)e(is)i(used)h(for)e(a)254 -1560 y(negativ)o(e)f(quotien)o(t)f(regardless)i(of)f(the)g(v)n(alue)f(of)h -(the)g(remainder.)150 1714 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)23 b(Division)15 -b(fails)g(if)g(the)i(divisor)f(is)g(zero.)26 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)17 -b(the)f(no{divide)g(condition)f(can)i(also)e(b)q(e)i(satis\014ed)150 -1764 y(when)d(the)h(divisor)e(is)h(unnormalized.)150 1849 y(A)d(non{zero)h -(unnormalized)d(dividend)i(whose)h(en)o(tire)g(high{order)f(fraction)f(is)h -(zero)h(pro)q(duces)h(a)e(zero)h(quotien)o(t.)150 1899 y(In)i(this)g(case,)g -(A)o(C+1)g(is)g(cleared)h(in)e(the)i(KI10,)e(but)h(it)f(ma)o(y)f(receiv)o(e)j -(rubbish)g(in)e(other)i(pro)q(cessors.)150 2072 y FA(2.4)70 -b(Bo)r(olean)22 b(F)-6 b(unctions)150 2199 y FJ(F)m(or)16 b(logical)f(op)q -(erations,)i(the)g(PDP{10)f(has)h(instructions)g(for)f(shifting)g(and)g -(rotating)g(\()p FH(x)q FJ(2.5\))f(as)i(w)o(ell)f(as)g(for)150 -2249 y(p)q(erforming)c(the)i(complete)f(set)h(of)f(sixteen)i(Bo)q(olean)e -(functions)h(of)e(t)o(w)o(o)h(v)n(ariables)g(\(including)g(those)h(in)f(whic) -o(h)150 2298 y(the)j(result)f(dep)q(ends)i(on)e(only)f(one)h(or)g(neither)h -(v)n(ariable\).)k(The)c(Bo)q(olean)f(functions)g(op)q(erate)h(bit)o(wise)e -(on)h(full)150 2348 y(w)o(ords,)g(so)h(eac)o(h)f(instruction)h(actually)e(p)q -(erforms)h(thirt)o(y{six)g(logical)e(op)q(erations)j(sim)o(ultaneously)m(.)j -(Th)o(us,)c(in)150 2398 y(the)g(AND)g(function)g(of)f(t)o(w)o(o)g(w)o(ords,)h -(eac)o(h)g(bit)f(of)h(the)g(result)g(is)g(the)g(AND)g(of)f(the)i(corresp)q -(onding)f(bits)g(of)f(the)150 2448 y(op)q(erands.)k(The)13 -b(table)e(at)h(the)g(end)h(of)e(the)h(section)h(lists)f(the)g(bit)g -(con\014gurations)g(that)g(result)g(from)e(the)j(v)n(arious)150 -2498 y(op)q(erand)h(con\014gurations)g(for)g(all)e(instructions.)150 -2583 y(Eac)o(h)i(Bo)q(olean)f(instruction)h(has)f(four)g(mo)q(des)g(that)g -(determine)h(the)g(source)h(of)d(the)i(non{A)o(C)f(op)q(erand,)h(if)e(an)o(y) -m(,)p eop -%%Page: 88 38 -88 37 bop 0 50 a FJ(88)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(and)j(the)g(destination)f(of)h(the)g(result.)27 -b(F)m(or)17 b(an)f(instruction)h(without)g(an)f(op)q(erand)h(\(one)h(that)e -(merely)g(clears)0 245 y(a)g(lo)q(cation)g(or)h(sets)h(it)e(to)h(all)e(1s\))i -(the)h(mo)q(des)e(di\013er)h(only)f(in)g(the)i(destination)e(of)g(the)i -(result,)f(so)g(basic)g(and)0 295 y(immediate)f(mo)q(des)h(are)i(equiv)n -(alen)o(t.)31 b(The)19 b(same)f(is)g(true)h(also)f(of)g(an)g(instruction)h -(that)f(uses)i(only)e(an)g(A)o(C)0 345 y(op)q(erand.)29 b(When)18 -b(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e(the)h(mo)q(de,)f(the)h(result)g(go)q(es)g(to)f -(the)h(accum)o(ulator)e(addressed)j(b)o(y)f FE(A)p FJ(,)e(ev)o(en)0 -394 y(when)e(there)i(is)d(no)h(A)o(C)g(op)q(erand.)820 613 -y FE(Sour)n(c)n(e)h(of)g(non{)195 b(Destination)305 662 y(Mo)n(de)162 -b(Su\016x)156 b(A)o(C)14 b(op)n(er)n(and)251 b(of)15 b(r)n(esult)305 -748 y FJ(Basic)419 b Fz(E)434 b FJ(A)o(C)305 798 y(Immediate)63 -b(I)242 b(The)14 b(w)o(ord)g(0)p Fz(;)7 b(E)1090 783 y Fw(?)1285 -798 y FJ(A)o(C)305 848 y(Memory)107 b(M)219 b Fz(E)434 b(E)305 -897 y FJ(Both)169 b(B)228 b Fz(E)434 b FJ(A)o(C)14 b(and)g -Fz(E)p 0 953 706 1 v 0 983 a Fw(?)34 998 y FJ(In)h(section)h(zero)g(the)g -(imm)o(ediate)d(source)j(is)f(0)p Fz(;)7 b(E)16 b FJ(in)f(all)f(cases.)23 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)15 b(in)g(a)f(non{zero)i(section,)g(setting)0 -1048 y(A)o(C)e(to)f(immediate)e(memory)g(\(i.e.,)h FC(SETMI)p -FJ(\))i(instead)g(uses)h(the)f(en)o(tire)h(extended)g(e\013ectiv)o(e{address) -h Fz(E)g FJ(as)d(the)0 1097 y(source,)i(including)e(the)h(section)h(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)e(\(the)h(left)g(part)g(of)f Fz(E)r FJ(\).)p 0 1388 -1495 4 v 0 1314 V -2 1387 4 75 v 1493 1387 V 538 1387 V 579 -1387 V 746 1387 V 12 1418 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 1364 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1418 y Fq(8)p -372 1387 V 24 w(9)441 1364 y FE(A)0 1280 y Fk(SETZ)200 b(Set)19 -b(to)g(Zeros)114 1363 y FJ(400)p 289 1387 V 306 1364 a FE(M)261 -1418 y Fq(6)24 b(7)0 1514 y FJ(Change)14 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(the)g -(destination)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f FE(M)21 b FJ(to)14 -b(all)e(0s.)62 1655 y FB(SETZ)112 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Zeros)1195 -b(400)62 1705 y FB(SETZI)90 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Zeros)i(Immediate)985 -b(401)62 1755 y FB(SETZM)90 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Zeros)i(Memory)1029 -b(402)62 1805 y FB(SETZB)90 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Zeros)i(Both)1091 -b(403)0 1927 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)25 b FC(SETZ)18 b FJ(and)g FC(SETZI)f -FJ(are)h(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(\(b)q(oth)g(clear)h(A)o(C\).)f(In)h(them,)f -FE(I)7 b FJ(,)17 b FE(X)7 b FJ(,)16 b(and)h FE(Y)26 b FJ(are)18 -b(reserv)o(ed)h(and)0 1976 y(should)14 b(b)q(e)g(zero.)19 b(\(A)o(t)14 -b(presen)o(t)i FE(E)j FJ(is)13 b(ignored.\))p 0 2228 1495 4 -v 0 2153 V -2 2226 4 75 v 1493 2226 V 538 2226 V 579 2226 V -746 2226 V 12 2257 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)548 2203 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2257 y Fq(8)p 372 2226 -V 24 w(9)441 2203 y FE(A)0 2119 y Fk(AND)215 b(And)18 b(with)h(A)n(C)114 -2202 y FJ(404)p 289 2226 V 306 2203 a FE(M)261 2257 y Fq(6)24 -b(7)0 2353 y FJ(Change)12 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(the)h(destination)f -(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f FE(M)20 b FJ(to)12 b(the)g(AND)g(function)g(of)g -(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(op)q(erand)0 2403 y(and)h(A)o(C.)p -eop -%%Page: 89 39 -89 38 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.4.)31 b(BOOLEAN)15 b(FUNCTIONS)1187 -b FJ(89)212 247 y FB(AND)134 b FJ(And)1336 b(404)212 297 y -FB(ANDI)112 b FJ(And)14 b(Immediate)1127 b(405)212 347 y FB(ANDM)112 -b FJ(And)14 b(to)g(Memory)1120 b(406)212 397 y FB(ANDB)112 -b FJ(And)14 b(to)g(Both)1182 b(407)p 150 688 1495 4 v 150 613 -V 148 686 4 75 v 1643 686 V 688 686 V 729 686 V 896 686 V 162 -718 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -663 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 718 y Fq(8)p 522 686 V 24 w(9)591 -663 y FE(A)150 580 y Fk(ANDCA)143 b(And)18 b(with)h(Complement)g(of)f(A)n(C) -264 663 y FJ(410)p 439 686 V 129 w FE(M)411 718 y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 -814 y FJ(Change)12 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(the)h(destination)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f FE(M)20 b FJ(to)12 b(the)g(AND)g(function)g(of)g(the)h -(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(op)q(erand)150 863 y(and)h(the)g(complemen)o(t)e(of)h(A)o -(C.)212 1005 y FB(ANDCA)90 b FJ(And)14 b(with)g(Complemen)o(t)d(of)i(A)o(C) -877 b(410)212 1055 y FB(ANDCAI)68 b FJ(And)14 b(with)g(Complemen)o(t)d(of)i -(A)o(C)h(Immediate)668 b(411)212 1105 y FB(ANDCAM)68 b FJ(And)14 -b(with)g(Complemen)o(t)d(of)i(A)o(C)h(to)g(Memory)661 b(412)212 -1154 y FB(ANDCAB)68 b FJ(And)14 b(with)g(Complemen)o(t)d(of)i(A)o(C)h(to)g -(Both)723 b(413)p 150 1446 1495 4 v 150 1371 V 148 1444 4 75 -v 1643 1444 V 688 1444 V 729 1444 V 896 1444 V 162 1476 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1421 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)494 1476 y Fq(8)p 522 1444 V 24 w(9)591 1421 y -FE(A)150 1338 y Fk(SETM)184 b(Set)19 b(to)g(Memo)n(ry)264 1420 -y FJ(414)p 439 1444 V 456 1421 a FE(M)411 1476 y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 -1571 y FJ(Mak)o(e)14 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(the)g(destination)g(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f FE(M)21 b FJ(equal)13 b(to)h(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(op)q -(erand.)212 1713 y FB(SETM)112 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Memory)1140 -b(414)212 1763 y FB(SETMI)90 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Memory)g(Immediate)932 -b(415)212 1813 y FB(SETMM)90 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Memory)g(Memory)976 -b(416)212 1862 y FB(SETMB)90 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Memory)g(Both)1038 -b(417)150 1984 y(If)17 b(the)h(program)d(is)i(running)g(in)g(a)g(non{zero)h -(section,)g(the)g(instruction)f FC(SETMI)g FJ(is)g(called)g -FC(XMO)o(VEI)f FJ(\()p FH(x)p FJ(2.1\),)150 2034 y(whic)o(h)e(p)q(erforms)f -(an)h(analogous)e(function)i(with)g(an)f(extended{immediate)g(op)q(erand)h -(\(e\013ectiv)o(e{address\).)150 2119 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)26 -b FC(SETM)18 b FJ(is)f(equiv)n(alen)o(t)g(to)g FC(MO)o(VE)p -FJ(.)g(In)g(section)i(zero,)f FC(SETMI)g FJ(mo)o(v)o(es)e(the)i(w)o(ord)g(0,) -p FE(E)k FJ(to)17 b(A)o(C)h(and)f(is)150 2169 y(th)o(us)d(equiv)n(alen)o(t)e -(to)h FC(MO)o(VEI)p FJ(.)f FC(SETMM)i FJ(is)f(a)g(no{op)f(that)h(writes)h(in) -f(memory)m(.)i(With)e(non{zero)g FE(A)p FJ(,)g FC(SETMB)g FJ(is)150 -2219 y(equiv)n(alen)o(t)g(to)h FC(MO)o(VES)p FJ(.)f(In)g(all)g(cases)i(the)g -(mo)o(v)o(e)d(instruction)i(is)g(preferred.)p 150 2468 1495 -4 v 150 2393 V 148 2466 4 75 v 1643 2466 V 688 2466 V 729 2466 -V 896 2466 V 162 2498 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)698 2443 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2498 y Fq(8)p -522 2466 V 24 w(9)591 2443 y FE(A)150 2360 y Fk(ANDCM)131 b(And)18 -b(Complement)g(of)h(Memo)n(ry)f(with)h(A)n(C)264 2442 y FJ(420)p -439 2466 V 456 2443 a FE(M)411 2498 y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 2593 -y FJ(Change)15 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(the)h(destination)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e FE(M)22 b FJ(to)15 b(the)h(AND)f(function)g(of)g(the)g -(complemen)o(t)f(of)p eop -%%Page: 90 40 -90 39 bop 0 50 a FJ(90)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(op)q(erand)e(and)g(A)o(C.) -62 337 y FB(ANDCM)90 b FJ(And)14 b(Complemen)o(t)e(of)h(Memory)880 -b(420)62 387 y FB(ANDCMI)68 b FJ(And)14 b(Complemen)o(t)e(of)h(Memory)g -(Immediate)672 b(421)62 436 y FB(ANDCMM)68 b FJ(And)14 b(Complemen)o(t)e(of)h -(Memory)g(to)g(Memory)666 b(422)62 486 y FB(ANDCMB)68 b FJ(And)14 -b(Complemen)o(t)e(of)h(Memory)g(to)g(Both)728 b(423)p 0 778 -1495 4 v 0 703 V -2 776 4 75 v 1493 776 V 538 776 V 579 776 -V 746 776 V 12 807 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)548 753 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 807 y Fq(8)p 372 776 -V 24 w(9)441 753 y FE(A)0 669 y Fk(SET)-5 b(A)201 b(Set)19 -b(to)g(A)n(C)114 752 y FJ(424)p 289 776 V 306 753 a FE(M)261 -807 y Fq(6)24 b(7)0 903 y FJ(Mak)o(e)14 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(the)g -(destination)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f FE(M)21 b FJ(equal)13 -b(to)h(A)o(C.)62 1045 y FB(SETA)112 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(A)o(C)1231 -b(424)62 1094 y FB(SETAI)90 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(A)o(C)h(Immediate)1022 -b(425)62 1144 y FB(SETAM)90 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(A)o(C)h(Memory)1066 -b(426)62 1194 y FB(SETAB)90 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(A)o(C)h(Both)1128 -b(427)0 1316 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)23 b FC(SET)m(A)16 b FJ(and)g -FC(SET)m(AI)f FJ(are)i(no{ops.)25 b(In)16 b(them,)g FE(I)7 -b FJ(,)15 b FE(X)7 b FJ(,)16 b(and)g FE(Y)24 b FJ(are)17 b(reserv)o(ed)h(and) -e(should)g(b)q(e)h(zero.)27 b(\(A)o(t)0 1366 y(presen)o(t)15 -b FE(E)k FJ(is)14 b(ignored.\))0 1451 y FC(SET)m(AM)e FJ(and)f -FC(SET)m(AB)g FJ(are)i(b)q(oth)f(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(to)h FC(MO)o(VEM)p -FJ(,)f(whic)o(h)h(is)g(the)h(preferred)g(instruction)g(\(all)e(mo)o(v)o(e)f -(A)o(C)0 1501 y(to)k(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)5 b FJ(\).)p 0 1752 -1495 4 v 0 1677 V -2 1750 4 75 v 1493 1750 V 538 1750 V 579 -1750 V 746 1750 V 12 1782 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 1727 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1782 y Fq(8)p -372 1750 V 24 w(9)441 1727 y FE(A)0 1644 y Fk(X)n(OR)222 b(Exclusive)20 -b(Or)e(with)h(A)n(C)114 1727 y FJ(430)p 289 1750 V 129 w FE(M)261 -1782 y Fq(6)24 b(7)0 1878 y FJ(Change)13 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(the)h -(destination)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e FE(M)20 b FJ(to)13 -b(the)h(exclusiv)o(e)g(OR)f(function)g(of)g(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)0 -1927 y(op)q(erand)h(and)g(A)o(C.)62 2069 y FB(XOR)134 b FJ(Exclusiv)o(e)14 -b(Or)1181 b(430)62 2119 y FB(XORI)112 b FJ(Exclusiv)o(e)14 -b(Or)h(Immediate)971 b(431)62 2169 y FB(XORM)112 b FJ(Exclusiv)o(e)14 -b(Or)h(to)e(Memory)965 b(432)62 2218 y FB(XORB)112 b FJ(Exclusiv)o(e)14 -b(Or)h(to)e(Both)1027 b(433)0 2338 y(The)13 b(original)e(con)o(ten)o(ts)j(of) -f(the)g(destination)g(can)g(b)q(e)g(reco)o(v)o(ered)i(except)f(in)f -FC(X)o(ORB)p FJ(,)e(where)j(b)q(oth)f(op)q(erands)h(are)0 2388 -y(replaced)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(result.)19 b(In)14 b(the)h(other)f(three)i(mo)q -(des,)d(the)h(replaced)h(op)q(erand)g(is)e(restored)j(b)o(y)e(rep)q(eating)g -(the)0 2437 y(instruction)j(in)f(the)h(same)f(mo)q(de;)g(i.e.,)g(b)o(y)g -(taking)g(the)h(exclusiv)o(e)g(OR)f(of)g(the)h(remaining)e(op)q(erand)i(and)f -(the)0 2487 y(result.)p eop -%%Page: 91 41 -91 40 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.4.)31 b(BOOLEAN)15 b(FUNCTIONS)1187 -b FJ(91)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 75 v 1643 353 -V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 384 -y Fq(8)p 522 353 V 24 w(9)591 330 y FE(A)150 246 y Fk(IOR)241 -b(Inclusive)21 b(Or)c(with)i(A)n(C)264 329 y FJ(434)p 439 353 -V 456 330 a FE(M)411 384 y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 480 y FJ(Change)14 -b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)h(destination)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f -FE(M)20 b FJ(to)14 b(the)g(inclusiv)o(e)f(OR)h(function)f(of)g(the)h(sp)q -(eci\014ed)150 530 y(op)q(erand)g(and)g(A)o(C.)212 671 y FB(IOR)134 -b FJ(Inclusiv)o(e)14 b(Or)1193 b(434)212 721 y FB(IORI)112 -b FJ(Inclusiv)o(e)14 b(Or)h(Immediate)983 b(435)212 771 y FB(IORM)112 -b FJ(Inclusiv)o(e)14 b(Or)h(to)e(Memory)977 b(436)212 821 y -FB(IORB)112 b FJ(Inclusiv)o(e)14 b(Or)h(to)e(Both)1039 b(437)150 -940 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)17 b(The)c FD(Ma)o(cr)o(o)f FJ(assem)o(bler)g(also)f -(recognizes)j FC(OR)p FJ(,)d FC(ORI)p FJ(,)f FC(ORM)p FJ(,)h(and)h -FC(ORB)f FJ(as)h(equiv)n(alen)o(t)g(to)g(the)g(inclusiv)o(e)150 -990 y(OR)i(mnemonics.)p 150 1231 1495 4 v 150 1156 V 148 1229 -4 75 v 1643 1229 V 688 1229 V 729 1229 V 896 1229 V 162 1261 -a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1206 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1261 y Fq(8)p 522 1229 V 24 w(9)591 -1206 y FE(A)150 1123 y Fk(ANDCB)143 b(And)18 b(Complements)g(of)h(Both)264 -1205 y FJ(440)p 439 1229 V 456 1206 a FE(M)411 1261 y Fq(6)24 -b(7)150 1356 y FJ(Change)14 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(the)h(destination)f -(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e FE(M)21 b FJ(to)14 b(the)h(AND)f(function)g(of)f -(the)i(complemen)o(ts)e(of)150 1406 y(b)q(oth)h(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(op)q -(erand)f(and)g(A)o(C.)f(The)i(result)f(is)g(the)h(NOR)e(function)h(of)f(the)i -(op)q(erands.)212 1548 y FB(ANDCB)90 b FJ(And)14 b(Complemen)o(ts)e(of)h -(Both)926 b(440)212 1597 y FB(ANDCBI)68 b FJ(And)14 b(Complemen)o(ts)e(of)h -(Both)h(Immediate)717 b(441)212 1647 y FB(ANDCBM)68 b FJ(And)14 -b(Complemen)o(ts)e(of)h(Both)h(to)g(Memory)710 b(442)212 1697 -y FB(ANDCBB)68 b FJ(And)14 b(Complemen)o(ts)e(of)h(Both)h(to)g(Both)772 -b(443)p 150 1989 1495 4 v 150 1914 V 148 1987 4 75 v 1643 1987 -V 688 1987 V 729 1987 V 896 1987 V 162 2018 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1964 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)494 2018 y Fq(8)p 522 1987 V 24 w(9)591 1964 y FE(A)150 -1880 y Fk(EQV)223 b(Equivalence)21 b(with)e(A)n(C)264 1963 -y FJ(444)p 439 1987 V 456 1964 a FE(M)411 2018 y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 -2114 y FJ(Change)c(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)i(destination)e(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f FE(M)27 b FJ(to)19 b(the)i(complemen)o(t)c(of)j(the)g -(exclusiv)o(e)g(OR)150 2164 y(function)14 b(of)g(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(op)q -(erand)f(and)f(A)o(C)g(\(the)h(result)h(has)e(1s)h(wherev)o(er)h(the)f -(corresp)q(onding)g(bits)g(of)e(the)150 2214 y(op)q(erands)i(are)f(the)h -(same\).)212 2357 y FB(EQV)134 b FJ(Equiv)n(alence)1198 b(444)212 -2407 y FB(EQVI)112 b FJ(Equiv)n(alence)14 b(Immediate)989 b(445)212 -2457 y FB(EQVM)112 b FJ(Equiv)n(alence)14 b(to)g(Memory)982 -b(446)212 2507 y FB(EOVB)112 b FJ(Equiv)n(alence)14 b(to)g(Both)1044 -b(447)150 2626 y(The)13 b(original)e(con)o(ten)o(ts)k(of)d(the)h(destination) -g(can)g(b)q(e)h(reco)o(v)o(ered)h(except)f(in)e FC(EQVB)p FJ(,)g(where)i(b)q -(oth)f(op)q(erands)h(are)p eop -%%Page: 92 42 -92 41 bop 0 50 a FJ(92)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(replaced)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(result.)19 -b(In)14 b(the)h(other)f(three)i(mo)q(des,)d(the)h(replaced)h(op)q(erand)g(is) -e(restored)j(b)o(y)e(rep)q(eating)g(the)0 245 y(instruction)f(in)g(the)g -(same)f(mo)q(de;)g(i.e.,)f(b)o(y)i(taking)f(the)i(equiv)n(alence)f(function)f -(of)g(the)i(remaining)d(op)q(erand)i(and)0 295 y(the)h(result.)p -0 536 1495 4 v 0 461 V -2 534 4 75 v 1493 534 V 538 534 V 579 -534 V 746 534 V 12 565 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 511 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 565 y Fq(8)p -372 534 V 24 w(9)441 511 y FE(A)0 427 y Fk(SETCA)161 b(Set)19 -b(to)g(Complement)g(of)f(A)n(C)114 510 y FJ(450)p 289 534 V -306 511 a FE(M)261 565 y Fq(6)24 b(7)0 661 y FJ(Change)14 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o -(ts)h(of)f(the)g(destination)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f FE(M)21 -b FJ(to)14 b(the)g(complemen)o(t)e(of)h(A)o(C.)62 803 y FB(SETCA)90 -b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Complemen)o(t)f(of)h(A)o(C)940 b(450)62 -852 y FB(SETCAI)68 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Complemen)o(t)f(of)h(A)o(C)h(Immediate) -731 b(451)62 902 y FB(SETCAM)68 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Complemen)o(t)f(of)h(A)o -(C)h(Memory)775 b(452)62 952 y FB(SETCAB)68 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Complemen)o(t) -f(of)h(A)o(C)h(Both)837 b(453)0 1074 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)17 b -FC(SETCA)10 b FJ(and)h FC(SETCAI)f FJ(are)h(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(\(b)q(oth)i -(complemen)o(t)d(A)o(C\).)h(In)h(them,)g FE(I)c FJ(,)j FE(X)d -FJ(,)j(and)h FE(Y)18 b FJ(are)12 b(reserv)o(ed)0 1124 y(and)i(should)f(b)q(e) -i(zero.)k(\(A)o(t)14 b(presen)o(t)h FE(E)k FJ(is)14 b(ignored.\))p -0 1375 1495 4 v 0 1300 V -2 1373 4 75 v 1493 1373 V 538 1373 -V 579 1373 V 746 1373 V 12 1404 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1350 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1404 -y Fq(8)p 372 1373 V 24 w(9)441 1350 y FE(A)0 1266 y Fk(ORCA)185 -b(Inclusive)21 b(Or)c(with)i(Complement)g(of)g(A)n(C)114 1349 -y FJ(454)p 289 1373 V 306 1350 a FE(M)261 1404 y Fq(6)24 b(7)0 -1500 y FJ(Change)14 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)h(destination)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f FE(M)20 b FJ(to)14 b(the)g(inclusiv)o(e)f(OR)h(function) -f(of)g(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)0 1550 y(op)q(erand)g(and)g(the)h(complemen)o(t)c -(of)j(A)o(C.)62 1692 y FB(ORCA)112 b FJ(Or)15 b(with)e(Complemen)o(t)e(of)j -(A)o(C)905 b(454)62 1741 y FB(ORCAI)90 b FJ(Or)15 b(with)e(Complemen)o(t)e -(of)j(A)o(C)g(Immediate)696 b(455)62 1791 y FB(ORCAM)90 b FJ(Or)15 -b(with)e(Complemen)o(t)e(of)j(A)o(C)g(to)f(Memory)690 b(456)62 -1841 y FB(ORCAB)90 b FJ(Or)15 b(with)e(Complemen)o(t)e(of)j(A)o(C)g(to)f -(Both)752 b(457)p 0 2132 1495 4 v 0 2058 V -2 2131 4 75 v 1493 -2131 V 538 2131 V 579 2131 V 746 2131 V 12 2162 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 2108 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)344 2162 y Fq(8)p 372 2131 V 24 w(9)441 2108 y -FE(A)0 2024 y Fk(SETCM)149 b(Set)19 b(to)g(Complement)g(of)f(Memo)n(ry)114 -2107 y FJ(460)p 289 2131 V 306 2108 a FE(M)261 2162 y Fq(6)24 -b(7)0 2258 y FJ(Change)14 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(the)g(destination)g -(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f FE(M)21 b FJ(to)13 b(the)i(complemen)o(t)d(of)h -(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(op)q(erand.)62 2399 y FB(SETCM)90 b -FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Complemen)o(t)f(of)h(Memory)849 b(460)62 2449 -y FB(SETCMI)68 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Complemen)o(t)f(of)h(Memory)g(Immediate)641 -b(461)62 2499 y FB(SETCMM)68 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Complemen)o(t)f(of)h(Memory)g -(Memory)685 b(462)62 2549 y FB(SETCMB)68 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Complemen)o(t)f -(of)h(Memory)g(Both)747 b(463)p eop -%%Page: 93 43 -93 42 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.4.)31 b(BOOLEAN)15 b(FUNCTIONS)1187 -b FJ(93)150 195 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)18 b FC(SETCMI)13 b FJ(mo)o(v)o(es)g(the)h -(complemen)o(t)d(of)i(the)i(w)o(ord)e(0,)p FE(E)18 b FJ(to)c(A)o(C.)f -FC(SETCMM)h FJ(complemen)o(ts)e(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)5 b FJ(.)p -150 444 1495 4 v 150 369 V 148 442 4 75 v 1643 442 V 688 442 -V 729 442 V 896 442 V 162 474 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 419 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 474 -y Fq(8)p 522 442 V 24 w(9)591 419 y FE(A)150 336 y Fk(ORCM)173 -b(Inclusive)21 b(Or)c(Complement)i(of)f(Memo)n(ry)g(with)h(A)n(C)264 -418 y FJ(464)p 439 442 V 456 419 a FE(M)411 474 y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 -569 y FJ(Change)10 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)h(destination)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f FE(M)16 b FJ(to)10 b(the)g(inclusiv)o(e)f(OR)h(function) -f(of)g(the)h(complemen)o(t)150 619 y(of)j(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(op)q(erand)g -(and)e(A)o(C.)212 761 y FB(ORCM)112 b FJ(Or)15 b(Complemen)o(t)c(of)i(Memory) -909 b(464)212 811 y FB(ORCMI)90 b FJ(Or)15 b(Complemen)o(t)c(of)i(Memory)g -(Immediate)701 b(465)212 860 y FB(ORCMM)90 b FJ(Or)15 b(Complemen)o(t)c(of)i -(Memory)g(to)h(Memory)694 b(466)212 910 y FB(ORCMB)90 b FJ(Or)15 -b(Complemen)o(t)c(of)i(Memory)g(to)h(Both)756 b(467)p 150 1202 -1495 4 v 150 1127 V 148 1200 4 75 v 1643 1200 V 688 1200 V -729 1200 V 896 1200 V 162 1232 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1177 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1232 -y Fq(8)p 522 1200 V 24 w(9)591 1177 y FE(A)150 1094 y Fk(ORCB)185 -b(Inclusive)21 b(Or)c(Complements)i(of)f(Both)264 1176 y FJ(470)p -439 1200 V 456 1177 a FE(M)411 1232 y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 1327 -y FJ(Change)14 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)h(destination)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e FE(M)22 b FJ(to)14 b(the)h(inclusiv)o(e)f(OR)g(function) -g(of)g(the)h(comple-)150 1377 y(men)o(ts)e(of)h(b)q(oth)g(the)g(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(op)q(erand)e(and)g(A)o(C.)f(The)h(result)h(is)f(the)g(NAND)g -(function)g(of)f(the)h(op)q(erands.)212 1519 y FB(ORCB)112 -b FJ(Or)15 b(Complemen)o(ts)c(of)j(Both)954 b(470)212 1568 -y FB(ORCBI)90 b FJ(Or)15 b(Complemen)o(ts)c(of)j(Both)g(Immediate)745 -b(471)212 1618 y FB(ORCBM)90 b FJ(Or)15 b(Complemen)o(ts)c(of)j(Both)g(to)f -(Memory)739 b(472)212 1668 y FB(ORCBB)90 b FJ(Or)15 b(Complemen)o(ts)c(of)j -(Both)g(to)f(Both)801 b(473)p 150 1959 1495 4 v 150 1885 V -148 1958 4 75 v 1643 1958 V 688 1958 V 729 1958 V 896 1958 -V 162 1989 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -1935 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1989 y Fq(8)p 522 1958 V 24 -w(9)591 1935 y FE(A)150 1851 y Fk(SETO)193 b(Set)19 b(to)g(Ones)264 -1934 y FJ(474)p 439 1958 V 456 1935 a FE(M)411 1989 y Fq(6)24 -b(7)150 2085 y FJ(Change)14 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(the)g(destination)g -(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f FE(M)21 b FJ(to)14 b(all)e(1s.)212 -2226 y FB(SETO)112 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Ones)1202 b(474)212 2276 -y FB(SETOI)90 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Ones)i(Immediate)992 b(475)212 -2326 y FB(SETOM)90 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Ones)i(Memory)1036 b(476)212 -2376 y FB(SETOB)90 b FJ(Set)15 b(to)e(Ones)i(Both)1098 b(477)150 -2498 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)18 b FC(SETO)12 b FJ(and)h FC(SETOI)f -FJ(are)i(equiv)n(alen)o(t.)j(In)c(them,)f FE(I)7 b FJ(,)12 -b FE(X)7 b FJ(,)12 b(and)h FE(Y)20 b FJ(are)14 b(reserv)o(ed)h(and)e(should)f -(b)q(e)i(zero.)19 b(\(A)o(t)150 2547 y(presen)o(t)c FE(E)k -FJ(is)14 b(ignored.\))p eop -%%Page: 94 44 -94 43 bop 0 50 a FJ(94)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(F)m(or)f(the)h(four)f(p)q(ossible)h(bit)f -(con\014gurations)g(of)g(the)h(t)o(w)o(o)f(op)q(erands,)h(the)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o -(e)f(sixteen)i(instructions)f(pro)q(duce)0 245 y(the)g(follo)o(wing)e -(results.)19 b(In)14 b(eac)o(h)g(case)h(the)g(result)f(as)g(listed)g(is)g -(equal)f(to)h(bits)g(3{6)f(of)g(the)i(instruction)f(w)o(ord.)544 -441 y FE(A)o(C)g(Op)n(er)n(and)154 b FJ(0)g(1)f(0)g(1)333 496 -y FE(Mo)n(de{Sp)n(e)n(ci\014e)n(d)16 b(Op)n(er)n(and)154 b -FJ(0)g(0)f(1)g(1)p 308 514 1184 2 v 607 558 a FC(SETZ)215 b -FJ(0)154 b(0)f(0)g(0)607 613 y FC(AND)229 b FJ(0)154 b(0)f(0)g(1)607 -668 y FC(ANDCA)174 b FJ(0)154 b(0)f(1)g(0)607 723 y FC(SETM)204 -b FJ(0)154 b(0)f(1)g(1)607 778 y FC(ANDCM)166 b FJ(0)154 b(1)f(0)g(0)607 -832 y FC(SET)m(A)215 b FJ(0)154 b(1)f(0)g(1)607 887 y FC(X)o(OR)231 -b FJ(0)154 b(1)f(1)g(0)607 942 y FC(IOR)246 b FJ(0)154 b(1)f(1)g(1)607 -997 y FC(ANDCB)174 b FJ(1)154 b(0)f(0)g(0)607 1052 y FC(EQV)232 -b FJ(1)154 b(0)f(0)g(1)607 1106 y FC(SETCA)185 b FJ(1)154 b(0)f(1)g(0)607 -1161 y FC(ORCA)203 b FJ(1)154 b(0)f(1)g(1)607 1216 y FC(SETCM)177 -b FJ(1)154 b(1)f(0)g(0)607 1271 y FC(ORCM)195 b FJ(1)154 b(1)f(0)g(1)607 -1326 y FC(ORCB)203 b FJ(1)154 b(1)f(1)g(0)607 1380 y FC(SETO)209 -b FJ(1)154 b(1)f(1)g(1)0 1576 y FA(2.5)70 b(Shift)22 b(and)h(Rotate)0 -1703 y FJ(These)d(instructions)f(shift)g(or)f(rotate)h(righ)o(t)g(or)f(left)h -(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(A)o(C)g(or)h(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(A)o -(C,A)o(C+1)o(,)0 1753 y(concatenated)g(in)o(to)e(a)g(72{bit)f(register)j -(with)e(A)o(C)g(on)g(the)h(left.)26 b(Shifting)15 b(is)h(the)h(mo)o(v)o(emen) -o(t)d(of)i(information)0 1803 y(bit{to{bit)d(in)i(a)f(register.)21 -b(A)15 b(logical)e(shift)h(in)o(v)o(olv)o(es)g(the)h(en)o(tire)h(w)o(ord)e -(or)h(double)f(w)o(ord)h(with)f(no)g(distinction)0 1853 y(among)d(its)i -(bits,)g(whereas)i(an)e(arithmetic)f(shift)h(in)o(v)o(olv)o(es)f(only)h(the)g -(magnitude,)f(b)o(ypassing)h(the)g(sign.)18 b(Figure)0 1902 -y(2.1)d(sho)o(ws)h(the)h(mo)o(v)o(emen)o(t)c(of)j(information)d(these)k -(instructions)g(pro)q(duce)g(in)f(the)g(accum)o(ulators.)24 -b(A)16 b(logical)0 1952 y(shift)h(mo)o(v)o(es)e(the)i(bits,)h(with)e(0s)h -(brough)o(t)g(in)f(at)h(the)g(end)g(b)q(eing)g(v)n(acated;)h(information)c -(shifted)j(out)g(at)f(the)0 2002 y(other)g(end)g(is)f(lost.)21 -b(Rotation)14 b(is)h(a)g(cyclic)h(logical)d(shift)i(where)i(information)12 -b(shifted)j(out)g(at)g(one)h(end)g(is)f(put)0 2052 y(bac)o(k)f(in)g(at)h(the) -g(other.)20 b(An)14 b(arithmetic)g(shift)g(do)q(es)h(not)f(a\013ect)i(the)f -(sign;)f(but,)g(in)g(a)g(double{length)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)0 -2102 y(where)i(it)f(op)q(erates)h(on)e(the)i(70{bit)e(string)h(made)e(up)i -(of)f(the)i(magnitude)d(parts)j(of)e(the)h(t)o(w)o(o)g(w)o(ords,)g(it)f(mak)o -(es)0 2151 y(bit)g(0)g(of)g(the)h(lo)o(w{order)e(w)o(ord)i(equal)f(to)g(the)h -(sign.)k(Null)13 b(bits)h(are)h(brough)o(t)f(in)g(at)g(the)h(end)g(b)q(eing)f -(v)n(acated:)19 b(a)0 2201 y(left)12 b(shift)g(brings)h(in)f(0s)g(at)h(the)g -(righ)o(t,)f(whereas)h(a)f(righ)o(t)g(shift)h(brings)f(in)g(the)h(equiv)n -(alen)o(t)f(of)g(the)h(sign)f(bit)g(at)g(the)0 2251 y(left.)19 -b(In)c(either)g(case,)g(information)c(shifted)k(out)f(at)g(the)h(other)g(end) -g(is)f(lost.)20 b(A)14 b(single)g(shift)g(left)g(is)h(equiv)n(alen)o(t)0 -2301 y(to)f(m)o(ultiplying)d(the)j(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(b)o(y)g(2)g(\(pro)o -(vided)g(no)g(bit)f(of)h(signi\014cance)g(is)g(shifted)h(out\);)f(a)g(shift)f -(righ)o(t)h(divides)0 2351 y(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(b)o(y)f(2,)g(with)h -(truncation)g(\(see)h(fo)q(otnote)f(36)f(on)h(page)g(page)g(97\).)0 -2436 y(The)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(places)h(mo)o(v)o(ed)f(is)g(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f(the)g(result)g(of)g(the)g(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)i -(calculation)d(tak)o(en)g(as)h(a)0 2486 y(signed)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(\(in)g -(t)o(w)o(os{complemen)o(t)e(notation\))i(mo)q(dulo)f(2)1009 -2471 y Fs(8)1038 2486 y FJ(in)h(magnitude.)15 b(In)c(other)g(w)o(ords,)g(the) -h(e\013ectiv)o(e)0 2536 y(shift)g FE(E)17 b FJ(is)12 b(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er) -e(comp)q(osed)h(of)f(bit)h(18)g(\(whic)o(h)g(is)g(the)g(sign\))g(and)g(bits)h -(28{35)d(of)i(the)h(calculation)e(result.)0 2586 y(Hence,)17 -b(the)f(programmer)d(ma)o(y)g(sp)q(ecify)j(the)g(shift)f(directly)g(in)g(the) -h(instruction)g(\(p)q(erhaps)g(indexed\))g(or)g(giv)o(e)p eop -%%Page: 95 45 -95 44 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.5.)31 b(SHIFT)14 b(AND)g(R)o(OT)m(A)m(TE)1238 -b FJ(95)229 407 y FF(Figure)18 b(2.1:)24 b(Accum)n(ulator)18 -b(Bit)g(Flo)n(w)h(in)f(Shift)h(and)g(Rotate)f(Instructions)150 -2442 y Fv(HRMF-SHIFTROT.TEX)150 587 y Fo(LSH)150 845 y(LSHC)150 -1148 y(ROT)150 1484 y(ROTC)150 1795 y(ASH)150 2243 y(ASHC)p -563 537 585 2 v 563 611 2 75 v 829 588 a FC(A)o(C)p 1146 611 -V 563 613 585 2 v 377 537 79 2 v 377 611 2 75 v 405 587 a(0)p -453 611 V 377 613 79 2 v 1257 537 V 1257 611 2 75 v 859 w(0)p -1333 611 V 1257 613 79 2 v 576 642 a Fs(0)509 b(35)p 563 798 -585 2 v 563 873 2 75 v 829 850 a FC(A)o(C)p 1146 873 V 563 -875 585 2 v 1257 798 V 1257 873 2 75 v 1496 848 a(A)o(C+1)p -1839 873 V 1257 875 585 2 v 576 904 a Fs(0)g(35)134 b(0)508 -b(35)p 377 798 79 2 v 377 873 2 75 v 405 849 a FC(0)p 453 873 -V 377 875 79 2 v 1950 798 V 1950 873 2 75 v 1553 w(0)p 2026 -873 V 1950 875 79 2 v 563 1097 585 2 v 563 1172 2 75 v 829 -1149 a(A)o(C)p 1146 1172 V 563 1174 585 2 v 576 1203 a Fs(0)h(35)p -563 1433 V 563 1508 2 75 v 829 1485 a FC(A)o(C)p 1146 1508 -V 563 1510 585 2 v 1257 1433 V 1257 1508 2 75 v 1496 1483 a(A)o(C+1)p -1839 1508 V 1257 1510 585 2 v 576 1539 a Fs(0)g(35)134 b(0)508 -b(35)p 563 1744 V 563 1819 2 75 v 829 1796 a FC(A)o(C)p 1146 -1819 V 563 1821 585 2 v 587 1850 a Fs(1)498 b(35)p 377 1744 -79 2 v 377 1819 2 75 v 389 1796 a FC(A)o(C)p 453 1819 V 377 -1821 79 2 v 1257 1744 V 1257 1819 2 75 v 1285 1795 a(0)p 1333 -1819 V 1257 1821 79 2 v 407 1850 a Fs(0)p 563 2255 585 2 v -563 2330 2 75 v 829 2307 a FC(A)o(C)p 1146 2330 V 563 2332 -585 2 v 1257 2255 V 1257 2330 2 75 v 1496 2305 a(A)o(C+1)p -1839 2330 V 1257 2332 585 2 v 587 2361 a Fs(1)g(35)145 b(1)497 -b(35)p 377 2085 79 2 v 377 2160 2 75 v 389 2137 a FC(A)o(C)p -453 2160 V 377 2162 79 2 v 1257 2085 V 1257 2160 2 75 v 1333 -2160 V 1257 2162 79 2 v 407 2191 a Fs(0)863 b(0)1136 2111 y -FC(A)o(C+1)p 1950 2255 V 1950 2330 2 75 v 1979 2306 a(0)p 2026 -2330 V 1950 2332 79 2 v 453 589 113 4 v 524 587 a Fu(-)p 1146 -564 V 1146 562 a(\033)p 1146 850 V 1217 848 a(-)p 1146 825 -V 1146 823 a(\033)p 453 850 V 524 848 a(-)p 1839 825 V 1839 -823 a(\033)p 490 1149 75 4 v 524 1147 a(-)p 490 1124 V 485 -1222 4 75 v 489 1123 V 490 1224 731 4 v 490 1050 V 1146 1149 -75 4 v 1146 1124 V 1146 1122 a(\033)p 1219 1222 4 75 v 1219 -1123 V 1146 1485 113 4 v 1217 1483 a(-)p 1146 1461 V 1146 1459 -a(\033)p 490 1485 75 4 v 524 1483 a(-)p 490 1461 V 489 1559 -4 75 v 489 1459 V 490 1560 1424 4 v 490 1386 V 1839 1485 75 -4 v 1839 1461 V 1839 1459 a(\033)p 1913 1559 4 75 v 1913 1459 -V 453 1797 113 4 v 524 1795 a(-)p 1146 1772 V 1146 1770 a(\033)p -1146 2307 V 1217 2305 a(-)p 1146 2282 V 1146 2280 a(\033)p -453 2137 806 4 v 1217 2135 a(-)p 1839 2282 113 4 v 1839 2280 -a(\033)p 501 2306 4 171 v 503 2307 63 4 v 524 2305 a(-)p 304 -2112 75 4 v 302 2111 4 75 v 1333 2112 75 4 v 1333 2110 a(\033)p -1406 2111 4 75 v 304 2038 1105 4 v eop -%%Page: 96 46 -96 45 bop 0 50 a FJ(96)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(an)g(indirect)h(address)h(to)e(b)q(e)h(used)h(in)e -(calculating)f(the)i(shift.)20 b(A)15 b(p)q(ositiv)o(e)f FE(E)19 -b FJ(pro)q(duces)e(motion)12 b(to)i(the)h(left,)f(a)0 245 y(negativ)o(e)g -FE(E)19 b FJ(to)13 b(the)i(righ)o(t.)j FE(E)h FJ(is)13 b(th)o(us)i(the)f(p)q -(o)o(w)o(er)g(of)g(2)f(b)o(y)h(whic)o(h)g(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(is)h(m)o -(ultiplied.)p 0 494 1495 4 v 0 419 V -2 492 4 75 v 1493 492 -V 538 492 V 579 492 V 746 492 V 12 524 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 469 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 524 -y Fq(8)p 372 492 V 24 w(9)441 469 y FE(A)0 386 y Fk(LSH)233 -b(Logical)21 b(Shift)156 468 y FJ(242)0 619 y(Shift)12 b(A)o(C)g(the)g(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(places)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)f FE(E)5 -b FJ(.)12 b(If)g FE(E)17 b FJ(is)12 b(p)q(ositiv)o(e,)g(shift)f(left,)h -(bringing)f(0s)h(in)o(to)g(bit)g(35;)f(data)0 669 y(shifted)i(out)h(of)e(bit) -h(0)g(is)g(lost.)18 b(If)12 b FE(E)19 b FJ(is)13 b(negativ)o(e,)f(shift)h -(righ)o(t,)g(bringing)f(0s)h(in)o(to)g(bit)g(0;)f(data)h(shifted)h(out)f(of)f -(bit)0 719 y(35)h(is)h(lost.)p 0 960 1495 4 v 0 885 V -2 958 -4 75 v 1493 958 V 538 958 V 579 958 V 746 958 V 12 989 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 935 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)344 989 y Fq(8)p 372 958 V 24 w(9)441 935 y FE(A)0 -851 y Fk(LSHC)198 b(Logical)21 b(Shift)e(Combined)156 934 y -FJ(246)0 1085 y(Shift)13 b(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)h(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g -(places)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)f FE(E)5 b FJ(.)14 b(If)f -FE(E)20 b FJ(is)13 b(p)q(ositiv)o(e,)h(shift)g(left,)f(bringing)g(0s)h(in)o -(to)f(bit)0 1135 y(71)h(\(bit)g(35)g(of)g(A)o(C+1\);)h(bit)f(36)g(is)g -(shifted)h(in)o(to)f(bit)g(35;)g(data)g(shifted)h(out)f(of)g(bit)g(0)g(is)h -(lost.)k(If)c FE(E)k FJ(is)c(negativ)o(e,)0 1185 y(shift)f(righ)o(t,)f -(bringing)f(0s)i(in)o(to)g(bit)f(0;)g(bit)h(35)f(is)h(shifted)g(in)o(to)f -(bit)h(36;)f(data)g(shifted)h(out)g(of)f(bit)h(71)f(is)h(lost.)p -0 1434 1495 4 v 0 1359 V -2 1432 4 75 v 1493 1432 V 538 1432 -V 579 1432 V 746 1432 V 12 1463 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1409 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1463 -y Fq(8)p 372 1432 V 24 w(9)441 1409 y FE(A)0 1325 y Fk(ROT)220 -b(Rotate)156 1408 y FJ(241)0 1559 y(Rotate)13 b(A)o(C)g(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)f(of)g(places)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e FE(E)5 b FJ(.)13 -b(If)g FE(E)19 b FJ(is)13 b(p)q(ositiv)o(e,)g(rotate)g(left;)g(bit)g(0)g(is)h -(rotated)g(in)o(to)e(bit)0 1609 y(35.)17 b(If)d FE(E)19 b FJ(is)14 -b(negativ)o(e,)f(rotate)h(righ)o(t;)f(bit)h(35)f(is)h(rotated)g(in)o(to)g -(bit)f(0.)p 0 1858 1495 4 v 0 1783 V -2 1856 4 75 v 1493 1856 -V 538 1856 V 579 1856 V 746 1856 V 12 1887 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1833 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)344 1887 y Fq(8)p 372 1856 V 24 w(9)441 1833 y FE(A)0 1749 -y Fk(ROTC)185 b(Rotate)20 b(Combined)156 1832 y FJ(245)0 1983 -y(Rotate)14 b(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(places)h(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f FE(E)5 b FJ(.)14 b(If)g FE(E)20 b FJ(is)15 -b(p)q(ositiv)o(e,)f(rotate)h(left;)f(bit)h(0)f(is)g(rotated)0 -2033 y(in)o(to)g(bit)g(71)g(\(bit)g(35)g(of)g(A)o(C+1\))h(and)f(bit)g(36)g -(in)o(to)g(bit)g(35.)20 b(If)14 b FE(E)20 b FJ(is)14 b(negativ)o(e,)g(rotate) -h(righ)o(t;)f(bit)g(35)g(is)g(rotated)0 2083 y(in)o(to)f(bit)h(36)f(and)h -(bit)f(71)h(in)o(to)f(bit)g(0.)p 0 2324 1495 4 v 0 2249 V -2 -2322 4 75 v 1493 2322 V 538 2322 V 579 2322 V 746 2322 V 12 -2353 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -2299 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2353 y Fq(8)p 372 2322 V 24 -w(9)441 2299 y FE(A)0 2215 y Fk(ASH)225 b(Arithmetic)19 b(Shift)156 -2298 y FJ(240)0 2449 y(Shift)d(A)o(C)g(arithmetically)f(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)e(of)h(places)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)d FE(E)5 b FJ(.)16 -b(Do)g(not)g(shift)h(bit)f(0.)26 b(If)16 b FE(E)21 b FJ(is)c(p)q(ositiv)o(e,) -0 2499 y(shift)c(left,)g(bringing)f(0s)h(in)o(to)g(bit)g(35;)g(data)g -(shifted)g(out)g(of)g(bit)g(1)g(is)g(lost;)g(set)h(T)m(rap)f(1)g(and)g(Ov)o -(er\015o)o(w)h(if)e(an)o(y)h(bit)0 2549 y(of)i(signi\014cance)h(is)g(lost)g -(\(a)f(1)h(in)f(a)h(p)q(ositiv)o(e)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)h(a)f(0)h(in)f(a)g -(negativ)o(e)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er\).)23 b(If)16 b FE(E)21 b FJ(is)16 -b(negativ)o(e,)f(shift)p eop -%%Page: 97 47 -97 46 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.6.)31 b(ARITHMETIC)14 b(TESTING)1178 -b FJ(97)150 195 y(righ)o(t,)13 b(bringing)g(0s)h(in)o(to)f(bit)h(1)f(if)g(A)o -(C)h(is)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e,)f(1s)h(if)f(negativ)o(e;)g(data)h(shifted)g(out)g -(of)f(bit)g(35)h(is)g(lost.)1833 180 y Fs(36)p 150 444 1495 -4 v 150 369 V 148 442 4 75 v 1643 442 V 688 442 V 729 442 V -896 442 V 162 474 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)698 419 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 474 y Fq(8)p 522 442 -V 24 w(9)591 419 y FE(A)150 336 y Fk(ASHC)190 b(Arithmetic)19 -b(Shift)g(Combined)306 418 y FJ(244)150 569 y(Shift)e(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)h -(arithmetically)d(the)k(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g(places)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o -(y)e FE(E)5 b FJ(.)17 b(Do)g(not)h(shift)g(bit)f(0)h(of)f(A)o(C)h(or)150 -619 y(A)o(C+1,)12 b(but)h(mak)o(e)f(bit)g(0)h(of)f(A)o(C+1)h(equal)f(to)h(A)o -(C)f(bit)h(0)f(if)g(at)h(least)g(one)g(shift)f(o)q(ccurs)j(\(i.e.,)c(if)h -FE(E)18 b FJ(is)13 b(non{zero\).)150 669 y(If)g FE(E)18 b FJ(is)13 -b(p)q(ositiv)o(e,)f(shift)h(left,)f(bringing)g(0s)h(in)o(to)g(bit)f(71)h -(\(bit)g(35)f(of)h(A)o(C+1\);)g(bit)f(37)h(\(bit)g(1)f(of)h(A)o(C+1\))g(is)g -(shifted)150 719 y(in)o(to)g(bit)g(35;)g(data)g(shifted)h(out)f(of)g(bit)h(1) -f(is)g(lost;)g(set)i(T)m(rap)e(1)g(and)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(if)e(an)o(y)h -(bit)h(of)f(signi\014cance)h(is)f(lost)150 769 y(\(a)i(1)f(in)g(a)h(p)q -(ositiv)o(e)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)g(a)h(0)f(in)g(a)h(negativ)o(e)f(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er\).)20 b(If)15 b FE(E)20 b FJ(is)14 b(negativ)o(e,)h(shift)f(righ)o(t,)g -(bringing)g(0s)h(in)o(to)150 818 y(bit)e(1)f(if)h(A)o(C)g(is)g(p)q(ositiv)o -(e,)f(1s)h(if)f(negativ)o(e;)h(bit)g(35)f(is)h(shifted)h(in)o(to)e(bit)h(37;) -f(data)h(shifted)g(out)g(of)f(bit)h(71)g(is)f(lost.)1915 803 -y Fs(36)150 904 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)18 b(The)c(e\013ect)h(of)d(a)h(shift)g(on)h -(bit)f(0)g(of)f(the)i(lo)o(w{order)f(w)o(ord)g(is)h(consisten)o(t)g(with)f -(the)h(con)o(v)o(en)o(tion)f(used)h(for)150 954 y(double{length)e(\014xed{p)q -(oin)o(t)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.)18 b(When)12 b(there)i(is)e(no)h(shift,)f(ho)o -(w)o(ev)o(er,)g(the)h(result)h(ma)o(y)c(b)q(e)j(inconsisten)o(t)150 -1004 y(with)h(that)f(con)o(v)o(en)o(tion.)150 1177 y FA(2.6)70 -b(Arithm)o(et)o(i)o(c)20 b(T)-6 b(esting)150 1303 y FJ(These)18 -b(instructions)f(ma)o(y)e(jump)g(or)i(skip)f(dep)q(ending)i(on)e(the)h -(result)h(of)e(an)h(arithmetic)e(test)j(and)e(ma)o(y)f(\014rst)150 -1353 y(p)q(erform)e(an)h(arithmetic)e(op)q(eration)i(on)g(the)g(test)h(w)o -(ord.)150 1505 y FF(2.6.1)55 b(Add)19 b(One)g(to)f(Both)h(Halv)n(es)f(of)h(A) -n(C)h(and)f(Jump)150 1617 y FJ(These)c(t)o(w)o(o)f(instructions)g(ha)o(v)o(e) -g(no)g(mo)q(des:)p 150 1858 1495 4 v 150 1784 V 148 1857 4 -75 v 1643 1857 V 688 1857 V 729 1857 V 896 1857 V 162 1888 -a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1833 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1888 y Fq(8)p 522 1857 V 24 w(9)591 -1833 y FE(A)150 1750 y Fk(A)n(OBJP)159 b(Add)18 b(One)g(to)h(Both)f(Halves)h -(of)g(A)n(C)f(and)g(Jump)f(if)i(P)n(ositive)306 1833 y FJ(252)150 -1984 y(Add)d(1)f(to)g(eac)o(h)h(half)e(of)h(A)o(C)618 1969 -y Fs(37)669 1984 y FJ(and)g(place)h(the)g(result)g(bac)o(k)f(in)g(A)o(C.)g -(If)g(the)h(result)h(is)e(greater)h(than)g(or)f(equal)150 2033 -y(to)g(zero)g(\(i.e.,)f(if)g(bit)h(0)f(is)h(0,)f(and)h(hence)h(a)e(negativ)o -(e)h(coun)o(t)g(in)f(the)i(left)e(half)g(has)h(reac)o(hed)h(zero)g(or)f(a)f -(p)q(ositiv)o(e)150 2083 y(coun)o(t)i(has)f(not)h(y)o(et)g(reac)o(hed)h(2)662 -2068 y Fs(17)697 2083 y FJ(\),)e(tak)o(e)h(the)g(next)g(instruction)g(from)e -(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)21 b FJ(and)15 b(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(sequen)o(tial)150 -2133 y(op)q(eration)e(from)e(there.)p 150 2168 720 2 v 181 -2195 a Fr(36)214 2206 y Fq(An)g(arithmetic)c(righ)o(t)j(shift)g(truncates)e -(a)i(negativ)o(e)f(result)g(di\013eren)o(tly)f(from)i Fv(IDIV)g -Fq(if)h(1s)f(are)g(shifted)f(out.)15 b(The)d(result)f(of)g(the)150 -2246 y(shift)g(is)g(more)f(negativ)o(e)f(b)o(y)i(1)h(than)e(the)h(quotien)o -(t)e(of)i Fv(IDIV)p Fq(.)h(Hence)e(shifting)g Fj(\000)p Fq(1)i(\(all)f(1s\))g -(giv)o(es)f Fj(\000)p Fq(1)i(as)f(a)h(result.)185 2285 y(T)m(o)g(obtain)e -(the)h(same)f(quotien)o(t)f(that)i Fv(IDIV)g Fq(w)o(ould)g(giv)o(e)g(with)g -(a)g(dividend)e(in)j(A)g(divided)d(b)o(y)i Fi(N)j Fq(=)c(2)1571 -2273 y Ff(K)1600 2285 y Fq(,)h(use)150 2356 y Fe(SKIPGE)17 -b(A)185 2401 y(ADDI)h(A,)p Fd(N)6 b Fe(-1)185 2447 y(ASH)19 -b(A,-)p Fd(K)181 2539 y Fr(37)214 2551 y Fq(In)10 b(the)h(KA10,)h(incremen)o -(ti)o(ng)c(b)q(oth)j(halv)o(es)f(of)h(A)o(C)h(together)d(is)j(e\013ected)d(b) -o(y)i(adding)e(1000001)1524 2556 y Fr(8)1539 2551 y Fq(.)16 -b(A)c(coun)o(t)e(of)h Fj(\000)p Fq(2)g(in)g(A)o(C)i(left)150 -2590 y(is)e(therefore)f(increased)f(to)i(zero)f(if)i(2)655 -2579 y Fr(18)695 2590 y Fj(\000)c Fq(1)j(is)h(incremen)o(te)o(d)d(in)i(A)o(C) -i(righ)o(t.)p eop -%%Page: 98 48 -98 47 bop 0 50 a FJ(98)1065 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)p 0 355 1495 4 v 0 280 V -2 353 4 75 v 1493 -353 V 538 353 V 579 353 V 746 353 V 12 384 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 330 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)344 384 y Fq(8)p 372 353 V 24 w(9)441 330 y FE(A)0 246 -y Fk(A)n(OBJN)154 b(Add)18 b(One)g(to)h(Both)f(Halves)h(of)g(A)n(C)f(and)g -(Jump)f(if)i(Negative)156 329 y FJ(253)0 480 y(Add)d(1)f(to)g(eac)o(h)i(half) -d(of)h(A)o(C)469 465 y Fs(37)520 480 y FJ(and)g(place)h(the)g(result)g(bac)o -(k)g(in)f(A)o(C.)g(If)g(the)h(result)h(is)e(less)h(than)g(zero)g(\(i.e.,)f -(if)0 530 y(bit)g(0)g(is)h(1,)f(and)g(hence)i(a)f(negativ)o(e)f(coun)o(t)h -(in)f(the)h(left)f(half)g(has)g(not)h(y)o(et)g(reac)o(hed)g(zero)h(or)e(a)g -(p)q(ositiv)o(e)h(coun)o(t)0 580 y(has)e(reac)o(hed)h(2)246 -564 y Fs(17)281 580 y FJ(\),)e(tak)o(e)h(the)h(next)f(instruction)g(from)e -(lo)q(cation)h FE(E)19 b FJ(and)13 b(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(sequen)o(tial)g(op)q -(eration)g(from)0 629 y(there.)0 715 y(These)g(t)o(w)o(o)d(instructions)i -(allo)o(w)e(the)i(program)d(to)j(k)o(eep)f(a)g(con)o(trol)g(coun)o(t)h(in)f -(the)h(left)f(half)f(of)h(an)g(index)g(register)0 765 y(and)k(require)i(only) -d(one)i(data)f(transfer)h(to)f(initialize.)25 b(Problem:)d(Add)16 -b(3)g(to)h(eac)o(h)f(lo)q(cation)g(in)g(a)g(table)g(of)g FE(N)0 -815 y FJ(en)o(tries)f(starting)f(at)g FC(T)m(AB)p FJ(.)e(Only)i(four)f -(instructions)i(are)f(required.)174 939 y FB(MOVSI)130 b(XR,-N)g(;Put)21 -b FH(\000)p Fz(N)27 b FB(in)21 b(XR)g(left)g(\(clear)g(XR)g(right\))174 -989 y(MOVEI)130 b(AC,3)152 b(;Put)21 b(3)g(in)h(AC)174 1039 -y(ADDM)152 b(AC,TAB\(XR\))20 b(;Add)h(3)g(to)h(entry)174 1089 -y(AOBJN)130 b(XR,.-1)108 b(;Update)20 b(XR)i(and)f(go)g(back)g(unless)g(all) -654 1138 y(;entries)f(have)h(been)g(accounted)f(for)0 1299 -y FJ(Note)e(that,)g(ev)o(en)g(with)f(extended)i(addressing,)f -FC(A)o(OBJN)e FJ(and)i FC(A)o(OBJP)d FJ(can)i(b)q(e)h(used)h(for)e(this)g -(sort)h(of)f(lo)q(cal)0 1348 y(indexing,)c(b)q(ecause)i(the)g(left)e(half)g -(b)q(eing)h(negativ)o(e)g(or)g(zero)h(satis\014es)f(the)h(criterion)f(for)g -(a)f(lo)q(cal)g(index.)0 1500 y FF(2.6.2)55 b(Comparisons,)18 -b(Skips,)g(and)h(Jumps)0 1613 y FJ(The)e(eigh)o(t)f(remaining)e(instructions) -j(jump)e(or)h(skip)g(if)f(the)i(op)q(erand)g(or)f(op)q(erands)h(satisfy)f(a)g -(test)i(condition)0 1663 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)d(b)o(y)f(the)h(mo)q(de.)642 -1745 y FE(Mo)n(de)318 b(Su\016x)642 1831 y FJ(Nev)o(er)642 -1881 y(Less)338 b(L)642 1931 y(Equal)308 b(E)642 1980 y(Less)15 -b(or)f(Equal)166 b(LE)642 2030 y(Alw)o(a)o(ys)284 b(A)642 2080 -y(Greater)15 b(or)f(Equal)104 b(GE)642 2130 y(Not)14 b(Equal)226 -b(N)642 2180 y(Greater)276 b(G)p 0 2435 1495 4 v 0 2361 V -2 -2434 4 75 v 1493 2434 V 538 2434 V 579 2434 V 746 2434 V 12 -2465 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -2411 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2465 y Fq(8)p 372 2434 V 24 -w(9)441 2411 y FE(A)0 2327 y Fk(CAI)244 b(Compa)n(re)19 b(A)n(C)f(Immediate)h -(and)f(Skip)i(if)f(Condition)h(Satis\014ed)104 2410 y FJ(30)p -247 2434 V 285 2411 a FE(M)219 2465 y Fq(5)k(6)0 2561 y FJ(Compare)18 -b(A)o(C)h(with)g FE(E)24 b FJ(\(i.e.,)19 b(with)g(the)g(w)o(ord)g(0,)p -FE(E)5 b FJ(\))19 b(and)g(skip)g(the)g(next)h(instruction)f(in)g(sequence)i -(if)d(the)0 2611 y(condition)13 b(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d -FE(M)21 b FJ(is)14 b(satis\014ed.)p eop -%%Page: 99 49 -99 48 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.6.)31 b(ARITHMETIC)14 b(TESTING)1178 -b FJ(99)212 247 y FB(CAI)134 b FJ(Compare)13 b(A)o(C)h(Immediate)d(and)j(Do)f -(Not)h(Skip)646 b(300)212 297 y FB(CAIL)112 b FJ(Compare)13 -b(A)o(C)h(Immediate)d(and)j(Skip)f(if)g(A)o(C)h(less)h(than)e(E)468 -b(301)212 347 y FB(CAIE)112 b FJ(Compare)13 b(A)o(C)h(Immediate)d(and)j(Skip) -f(if)g(Equal)637 b(302)212 397 y FB(CAILE)90 b FJ(Compare)13 -b(A)o(C)h(Immediate)d(and)j(Skip)f(if)g(A)o(C)h(less)h(than)e(or)h(Equal)g -(to)f(E)247 b(303)212 446 y FB(CAIA)112 b FJ(Compare)13 b(A)o(C)h(Immediate)d -(and)j(Alw)o(a)o(ys)f(Skip)651 b(304)212 496 y FB(CAIGE)90 -b FJ(Compare)13 b(A)o(C)h(Immediate)d(and)j(Skip)f(if)g(A)o(C)h(Greater)h -(than)f(or)g(Equal)f(to)h(E)170 b(305)212 546 y FB(CAIN)112 -b FJ(Compare)13 b(A)o(C)h(Immediate)d(and)j(Skip)f(if)g(Not)h(Equal)555 -b(306)212 596 y FB(CAIG)112 b FJ(Compare)13 b(A)o(C)h(Immediate)d(and)j(Skip) -f(if)g(A)o(C)h(Greater)h(than)f(E)391 b(307)150 715 y FE(Note)s -FJ(:)18 b FC(CAI)13 b FJ(is)g(a)h(no{op)f(in)h(whic)o(h)f FE(I)7 -b FJ(,)13 b FE(X)7 b FJ(,)13 b(and)h FE(Y)22 b FJ(are)14 b(a)o(v)n(ailable)e -(for)h(soft)o(w)o(are)h(use.)p 150 964 1495 4 v 150 889 V 148 -963 4 75 v 1643 963 V 688 963 V 729 963 V 896 963 V 162 994 -a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 939 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 994 y Fq(8)p 522 963 V 24 w(9)591 -939 y FE(A)150 856 y Fk(CAM)211 b(Compa)n(re)19 b(A)n(C)f(with)h(Memo)n(ry)f -(and)g(Skip)i(if)f(Condition)h(Satis\014ed)254 939 y FJ(31)p -397 963 V 139 w FE(M)369 994 y Fq(5)k(6)150 1090 y FJ(Compare)8 -b(A)o(C)i(with)f(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)d(lo)q(cation)h -FE(E)15 b FJ(and)9 b(skip)g(the)h(next)g(instruction)g(in)f(sequence)j(if)d -(the)h(condition)150 1139 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)16 b(b)o(y)e FE(M)22 -b FJ(is)14 b(satis\014ed.)21 b(The)15 b(pair)f(of)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g -(compared)g(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(either)g(b)q(oth)g(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)f(or)h(b) -q(oth)150 1189 y(normalized)d(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t.)212 1331 -y FB(CAM)134 b FJ(Compare)13 b(A)o(C)h(with)f(Memory)g(but)h(Do)g(Not)f(Skip) -599 b(310)212 1381 y FB(CAML)112 b FJ(Compare)13 b(A)o(C)h(with)f(Memory)g -(and)h(Skip)f(if)g(A)o(C)h(Less)541 b(311)212 1430 y FB(CAME)112 -b FJ(Compare)13 b(A)o(C)h(with)f(Memory)g(and)h(Skip)f(if)g(Equal)585 -b(312)212 1480 y FB(CAMLE)90 b FJ(Compare)13 b(A)o(C)h(with)f(Memory)g(and)h -(Skip)f(if)g(A)o(C)h(Less)h(or)f(Equal)369 b(313)212 1530 y -FB(CAMA)112 b FJ(Compare)13 b(A)o(C)h(with)f(Memory)g(but)h(Alw)o(a)o(ys)f -(Skip)604 b(314)212 1580 y FB(CAMGE)90 b FJ(Compare)13 b(A)o(C)h(with)f -(Memory)g(and)h(Skip)f(if)g(A)o(C)h(Greater)h(or)f(Equal)307 -b(315)212 1630 y FB(CAMN)112 b FJ(Compare)13 b(A)o(C)h(with)f(Memory)g(and)h -(Skip)f(if)g(Not)h(Equal)503 b(316)212 1680 y FB(CAMG)112 b -FJ(Compare)13 b(A)o(C)h(with)f(Memory)g(and)h(Skip)f(if)g(A)o(C)h(Greater)479 -b(317)150 1799 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)18 b FC(CAM)13 b FJ(is)h(a)g(no{op)f(that)h -(references)j(memory)m(.)p 150 2048 1495 4 v 150 1973 V 148 -2046 4 75 v 1643 2046 V 688 2046 V 729 2046 V 896 2046 V 162 -2078 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -2023 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2078 y Fq(8)p 522 2046 V 24 -w(9)591 2023 y FE(A)150 1940 y Fk(JUMP)184 b(Jump)17 b(if)i(A)n(C)f -(Condition)j(Satis\014ed)254 2022 y FJ(32)p 397 2046 V 435 -2023 a FE(M)369 2078 y Fq(5)j(6)150 2173 y FJ(Compare)13 b(A)o(C)h(\(\014xed) -h(or)f(\015oating\))f(with)h(zero)h(and,)f(if)f(the)i(condition)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f FE(M)22 b FJ(is)14 b(satis\014ed,)g(tak)o(e)g(the)150 -2223 y(next)g(instruction)h(from)d(lo)q(cation)h FE(E)19 b -FJ(and)13 b(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(sequen)o(tial)g(op)q(eration)g(from)e(there.)p -eop -%%Page: 100 50 -100 49 bop 0 50 a FJ(100)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)62 247 y FB(JUMP)112 b FJ(Do)14 b(Not)f(Jump)1162 -b(320)62 297 y FB(JUMPL)90 b FJ(Jump)13 b(if)g(A)o(C)h(Less)h(than)f(Zero)917 -b(321)62 347 y FB(JUMPE)90 b FJ(Jump)13 b(if)g(A)o(C)h(Equal)f(to)h(Zero)935 -b(322)62 397 y FB(JUMPLE)68 b FJ(Jump)13 b(if)g(A)o(C)h(Less)h(than)f(or)g -(Equal)f(to)h(Zero)696 b(323)62 446 y FB(JUMPA)90 b FJ(Jump)13 -b(Alw)o(a)o(ys)1167 b(324)62 496 y FB(JUMPGE)68 b FJ(Jump)13 -b(if)g(A)o(C)h(Greater)h(than)f(or)f(Equal)h(to)f(Zero)635 -b(325)62 546 y FB(JUMPN)90 b FJ(Jump)13 b(if)g(A)o(C)h(Not)g(Equal)f(to)h -(Zero)853 b(326)62 596 y FB(JUMPG)90 b FJ(Jump)13 b(if)g(A)o(C)h(Greater)h -(than)f(Zero)855 b(327)0 718 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)22 b FC(JUMP)15 -b FJ(is)h(a)g(no{op)f(\(instruction)i(co)q(de)f(320)f(has)i(this)f(mnemonic)d -(for)j(symmetry\).)22 b(In)16 b(it,)g FE(A)p FJ(,)f FE(I)7 -b FJ(,)15 b FE(X)7 b FJ(,)0 767 y(and)17 b FE(Y)25 b FJ(are)17 -b(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(for)i(soft)o(w)o(are)g(use.)28 b(User)18 -b(programs)e(in)h(TOPS{20)g(emplo)o(y)e FC(JUMP)h(16,)h FJ(\(i.e.,)f -FC(JUMP)0 817 y FJ(with)g FE(A)h FJ(set)h(to)e(16,)h(also)f(kno)o(wn)g(as)h -FC(ERJMP)p FJ(\))f(and)g FC(JUMP)g(17,)g FJ(\()p FC(ERCAL)p -FJ(\))h(follo)o(wing)d(system)i(calls)h(to)f(e\013ect)0 867 -y(error)f(handling.)0 953 y(F)m(or)e(an)h(unconditional)f(transfer,)h -FC(JRST)g FJ(is)f(preferred)j(to)e FC(JUMP)m(A)p FJ(.)p 0 1202 -1495 4 v 0 1127 V -2 1200 4 75 v 1493 1200 V 538 1200 V 579 -1200 V 746 1200 V 12 1231 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 1177 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1231 y Fq(8)p -372 1200 V 24 w(9)441 1177 y FE(A)0 1093 y Fk(SKIP)213 b(Skip)20 -b(if)f(Memo)n(ry)f(Condition)i(Satis\014ed)104 1176 y FJ(33)p -247 1200 V 285 1177 a FE(M)219 1231 y Fq(5)k(6)0 1327 y FJ(Compare)15 -b(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(\(\014xed)f(or)g(\015oating\))e(of)h(lo)q(cation)g -FE(E)21 b FJ(with)16 b(zero)i(and)e(skip)g(the)i(next)f(instruction)f(in)0 -1377 y(sequence)j(if)e(the)g(condition)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f -FE(M)25 b FJ(is)17 b(satis\014ed.)28 b(If)17 b FE(A)g FJ(is)g(non{zero,)h -(also)e(place)i(the)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(of)0 1427 y(lo)q(cation)13 -b FE(E)19 b FJ(in)13 b(A)o(C.)62 1560 y FB(SKIP)112 b FJ(Do)14 -b(Not)f(Skip,)g(but)h(read)h(Memory)840 b(330)62 1610 y FB(SKIPL)90 -b FJ(Skip)14 b(if)f(Memory)g(Less)i(than)e(Zero)850 b(331)62 -1660 y FB(SKIPE)90 b FJ(Skip)14 b(if)f(Memory)g(Equal)g(to)h(Zero)867 -b(332)62 1709 y FB(SKIPLE)68 b FJ(Skip)14 b(if)f(Memory)g(Less)i(than)e(or)h -(Equal)g(to)f(Zero)629 b(333)62 1759 y FB(SKIPA)90 b FJ(Skip)14 -b(Alw)o(a)o(ys)1189 b(334)62 1809 y FB(SKIPGE)68 b FJ(Skip)14 -b(if)f(Memory)g(Greater)h(than)g(or)g(Equal)f(to)h(Zero)567 -b(335)62 1859 y FB(SKIPN)90 b FJ(Skip)14 b(if)f(Memory)g(Not)g(Equal)h(to)f -(Zero)786 b(336)62 1909 y FB(SKIPG)90 b FJ(Skip)14 b(if)f(Memory)g(Greater)h -(than)g(Zero)788 b(337)0 2028 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)26 b(If)17 -b FE(A)g FJ(is)g(zero,)i FC(SKIP)d FJ(reads)j(memory)c(and)i(discards)h(the)h -(data:)24 b(this)18 b(resem)o(bles)g(a)f(no{op,)g(b)q(ecause)0 -2078 y(it)h(neither)i(c)o(hanges)f(memory)e(nor)h(c)o(hanges)i(the)f(accum)o -(ulators.)32 b(The)19 b(fact)g(that)g FC(SKIP)e FJ(reads)j(memory)c(is)0 -2128 y(used)21 b(b)o(y)e(op)q(erating)h(system)g(co)q(de)g(to)g(reference)i -(a)e(memory)d(lo)q(cation)i(to)g(b)q(e)i(sure)g(that)f(it)f(exists)h(and)g -(is)0 2178 y(accessible.)g(When)14 b FE(A)g FJ(is)f(not)h(zero,)h -FC(SKIP)d FJ(has)i(the)h(same)e(e\013ect)j(as)e FC(MO)o(VE)p -FJ(;)e FC(MO)o(VE)h FJ(is)h(preferred.)20 b FC(SKIP)m(A)12 -b FJ(is)i(a)0 2227 y(con)o(v)o(enien)o(t)g(w)o(a)o(y)g(to)g(load)f(an)h -(accum)o(ulator)f(\(other)i(than)f(accum)o(ulator)f(zero\))i(and)f(skip)g(o)o -(v)o(er)g(an)g(instruction)0 2277 y(up)q(on)j(en)o(tering)h(a)f(lo)q(op.)26 -b(F)m(or)17 b(unconditional)f(skips)h(that)g(do)g(not)g(load)f(the)i(accum)o -(ulator,)e FC(TRNA)h FJ(is)g(faster)0 2327 y(than)d FC(SKIP)m(A)p -FJ(,)d(b)q(ecause)16 b(the)e(former)f(do)q(es)i(not)f(read)g(memory)d(\(but)k -(a)e FC(JRST)h FJ(is)g(faster)g(than)g(an)o(y)f(skip\).)p 0 -2578 1495 4 v 0 2504 V -2 2577 4 75 v 1493 2577 V 538 2577 -V 579 2577 V 746 2577 V 12 2608 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 2553 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2608 -y Fq(8)p 372 2577 V 24 w(9)441 2553 y FE(A)0 2470 y Fk(A)n(OJ)231 -b(Add)18 b(One)g(to)h(A)n(C)f(and)g(Jump)g(if)g(Condition)j(Satis\014ed)104 -2553 y FJ(34)p 247 2577 V 139 w FE(M)219 2608 y Fq(5)j(6)p -eop -%%Page: 101 51 -101 50 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.6.)31 b(ARITHMETIC)14 b(TESTING)1158 -b FJ(101)150 195 y(Incremen)o(t)15 b(A)o(C)f(b)o(y)g(1)g(and)g(place)h(the)f -(result)i(bac)o(k)e(in)g(A)o(C.)f(Compare)h(the)g(result)i(with)e(zero)h -(and,)e(if)h(the)h(con-)150 245 y(dition)d(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)e -FE(M)20 b FJ(is)13 b(satis\014ed,)h(tak)o(e)f(the)h(next)f(instruction)h -(from)d(lo)q(cation)h FE(E)19 b FJ(and)13 b(con)o(tin)o(ue)g(sequen)o(tial) -150 295 y(op)q(eration)h(from)f(there.)21 b(If)15 b(A)o(C)f(originally)e(con) -o(tained)j(2)1070 280 y Fs(35)1114 295 y FH(\000)10 b FJ(1,)k(set)i(T)m(rap)e -(1,)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)g(and)h(Carry)f(1;)g(if)g(A)o(C)150 -345 y(originally)d(con)o(tained)j FH(\000)p FJ(1,)g(set)h(Carry)f(0)f(and)h -(Carry)g(1.)212 486 y FB(AOJ)134 b FJ(Add)14 b(One)h(to)f(A)o(C)f(but)i(Do)e -(Not)h(Jump)782 b(340)212 536 y FB(AOJL)112 b FJ(Add)14 b(One)h(to)f(A)o(C)f -(and)h(Jump)f(if)g(Less)i(than)f(Zero)607 b(341)212 586 y FB(AOJE)112 -b FJ(Add)14 b(One)h(to)f(A)o(C)f(and)h(Jump)f(if)g(Equal)g(to)h(Zero)625 -b(342)212 636 y FB(AOJLE)90 b FJ(Add)14 b(One)h(to)f(A)o(C)f(and)h(Jump)f(if) -g(Less)i(than)f(or)g(Equal)f(to)h(Zero)386 b(343)212 685 y -FB(AOJA)112 b FJ(Add)14 b(One)h(to)f(A)o(C)f(and)h(Jump)f(Alw)o(a)o(ys)783 -b(344)212 735 y FB(AOJGE)90 b FJ(Add)14 b(One)h(to)f(A)o(C)f(and)h(Jump)f(if) -g(Greater)i(than)f(or)g(Equal)f(to)h(Zero)324 b(345)212 785 -y FB(AOJN)112 b FJ(Add)14 b(One)h(to)f(A)o(C)f(and)h(Jump)f(if)g(Not)h(Equal) -f(to)h(Zero)543 b(346)212 835 y FB(AOJG)112 b FJ(Add)14 b(One)h(to)f(A)o(C)f -(and)h(Jump)f(if)g(Greater)i(than)f(Zero)545 b(347)p 150 1126 -1495 4 v 150 1052 V 148 1125 4 75 v 1643 1125 V 688 1125 V -729 1125 V 896 1125 V 162 1156 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1101 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1156 -y Fq(8)p 522 1125 V 24 w(9)591 1101 y FE(A)150 1018 y Fk(A)n(OS)227 -b(Add)18 b(One)g(to)h(Memo)n(ry)f(and)g(Skip)i(if)f(Condition)h(Satis\014ed) -254 1101 y FJ(35)p 397 1125 V 139 w FE(M)369 1156 y Fq(5)k(6)150 -1252 y FJ(Incremen)o(t)17 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(lo)q(cation)f -FE(E)22 b FJ(b)o(y)17 b(1)g(and)g(place)g(the)h(result)g(bac)o(k)f(in)f -FE(E)5 b FJ(.)17 b(If)g FE(A)g FJ(is)g(non{zero,)h(also)150 -1302 y(place)12 b(the)h(result)g(in)e(A)o(C.)h(Compare)f(the)h(result)h(with) -f(zero)h(and)f(skip)g(the)g(next)h(instruction)f(in)g(sequence)i(if)d(the)150 -1351 y(condition)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d FE(M)19 b FJ(is)12 -b(satis\014ed.)18 b(If)11 b(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)17 b FJ(originally)10 -b(con)o(tained)h(2)1450 1336 y Fs(35)1490 1351 y FH(\000)5 -b FJ(1,)12 b(set)h(T)m(rap)f(1,)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)150 1401 -y(and)j(Carry)g(1;)f(if)g(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)19 b FJ(originally)11 -b(con)o(tained)j FH(\000)p FJ(1,)g(set)g(Carry)g(0)g(and)g(Carry)g(1.)212 -1543 y FB(AOS)134 b FJ(Add)14 b(One)h(to)f(Memory)f(but)h(Do)f(Not)h(Skip)715 -b(350)212 1593 y FB(AOSL)112 b FJ(Add)14 b(One)h(to)f(Memory)f(and)g(Skip)h -(if)f(Less)i(than)f(Zero)539 b(351)212 1642 y FB(AOSE)112 b -FJ(Add)14 b(One)h(to)f(Memory)f(and)g(Skip)h(if)f(Equal)g(to)h(Zero)557 -b(352)212 1692 y FB(AOSLE)90 b FJ(Add)14 b(One)h(to)f(Memory)f(and)g(Skip)h -(if)f(Less)i(than)f(or)f(Equal)h(to)f(Zero)319 b(353)212 1742 -y FB(AOSA)112 b FJ(Add)14 b(One)h(to)f(Memory)f(and)g(Skip)h(Alw)o(a)o(ys)715 -b(354)212 1792 y FB(AOSGE)90 b FJ(Add)14 b(One)h(to)f(Memory)f(and)g(Skip)h -(if)f(Greater)h(than)g(or)g(Equal)f(to)h(Zero)257 b(355)212 -1842 y FB(AOSN)112 b FJ(Add)14 b(One)h(to)f(Memory)f(and)g(Skip)h(if)f(Not)h -(Equal)f(to)h(Zero)475 b(356)212 1891 y FB(AOSG)112 b FJ(Add)14 -b(One)h(to)f(Memory)f(and)g(Skip)h(if)f(Greater)h(than)g(Zero)478 -b(357)p 150 2183 1495 4 v 150 2108 V 148 2181 4 75 v 1643 2181 -V 688 2181 V 729 2181 V 896 2181 V 162 2213 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2158 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)494 2213 y Fq(8)p 522 2181 V 24 w(9)591 2158 y FE(A)150 -2075 y Fk(SOJ)236 b(Subtract)19 b(One)f(from)f(A)n(C)i(and)f(Jump)f(if)i -(Condition)h(Satis\014ed)254 2157 y FJ(36)p 397 2181 V 435 -2158 a FE(M)369 2213 y Fq(5)k(6)150 2308 y FJ(Decremen)o(t)14 -b(A)o(C)g(b)o(y)f(1)g(and)h(place)g(the)g(result)h(bac)o(k)e(in)g(A)o(C.)h -(Compare)e(the)i(result)h(with)e(zero)i(and,)e(if)g(the)h(con-)150 -2358 y(dition)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)e FE(M)20 b FJ(is)13 -b(satis\014ed,)h(tak)o(e)f(the)h(next)f(instruction)h(from)d(lo)q(cation)h -FE(E)19 b FJ(and)13 b(con)o(tin)o(ue)g(sequen)o(tial)150 2408 -y(op)q(eration)j(from)f(there.)28 b(If)16 b(A)o(C)h(originally)d(con)o -(tained)i FH(\000)p FJ(2)1120 2393 y Fs(35)1156 2408 y FJ(,)g(set)i(T)m(rap)e -(1,)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)g(and)f(Carry)h(0;)g(if)f(A)o(C)150 -2458 y(originally)11 b(con)o(tained)j(an)o(y)g(other)g(non{zero)h(n)o(um)o(b) -q(er,)d(set)j(Carry)f(0)g(and)g(Carry)g(1.)p eop -%%Page: 102 52 -102 51 bop 0 50 a FJ(102)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)62 247 y FB(SOJ)134 b FJ(Subtract)15 b(One)g(from)d(A)o(C)i -(but)g(Do)f(Not)h(Jump)655 b(360)62 297 y FB(SOJL)112 b FJ(Subtract)15 -b(One)g(from)d(A)o(C)i(and)f(Jump)g(if)g(Less)i(than)f(Zero)480 -b(361)62 347 y FB(SOJE)112 b FJ(Subtract)15 b(One)g(from)d(A)o(C)i(and)f -(Jump)g(if)g(Equal)h(to)f(Zero)498 b(362)62 397 y FB(SOJLE)90 -b FJ(Subtract)15 b(One)g(from)d(A)o(C)i(and)f(Jump)g(if)g(Less)i(than)f(or)g -(Equal)f(to)h(Zero)259 b(363)62 446 y FB(SOJA)112 b FJ(Subtract)15 -b(One)g(from)d(A)o(C)i(and)f(Jump)g(Alw)o(a)o(ys)656 b(364)62 -496 y FB(SOJGE)90 b FJ(Subtract)15 b(One)g(from)d(A)o(C)i(and)f(Jump)g(if)g -(Greater)i(than)f(or)g(Equal)f(to)h(Zero)197 b(365)62 546 y -FB(SOJN)112 b FJ(Subtract)15 b(One)g(from)d(A)o(C)i(and)f(Jump)g(if)g(Not)h -(Equal)f(to)h(Zero)416 b(366)62 596 y FB(SOJG)112 b FJ(Subtract)15 -b(One)g(from)d(A)o(C)i(and)f(Jump)g(if)g(Greater)i(than)f(Zero)418 -b(367)p 0 887 1495 4 v 0 813 V -2 886 4 75 v 1493 886 V 538 -886 V 579 886 V 746 886 V 12 917 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 863 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 917 -y Fq(8)p 372 886 V 24 w(9)441 863 y FE(A)0 779 y Fk(SOS)232 -b(Subtract)19 b(One)f(from)f(Memo)n(ry)h(and)h(Skip)g(if)g(Condition)i -(Satis\014ed)104 862 y FJ(37)p 247 886 V 285 863 a FE(M)219 -917 y Fq(5)j(6)0 1013 y FJ(Decremen)o(t)17 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(lo)q -(cation)g FE(E)21 b FJ(b)o(y)c(1)f(and)g(place)h(the)g(result)g(bac)o(k)g(in) -f FE(E)5 b FJ(.)16 b(If)g FE(A)g FJ(is)g(non{zero,)i(also)0 -1063 y(place)12 b(the)h(result)g(in)e(A)o(C.)h(Compare)f(the)h(result)h(with) -f(zero)h(and)f(skip)g(the)g(next)h(instruction)f(in)g(sequence)i(if)d(the)0 -1112 y(condition)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)e FE(M)21 b FJ(is)14 -b(satis\014ed.)19 b(If)13 b(lo)q(cation)h FE(E)19 b FJ(originally)11 -b(con)o(tained)j FH(\000)p FJ(2)1355 1097 y Fs(35)1391 1112 -y FJ(,)f(set)i(T)m(rap)f(1,)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)0 1162 y(and)h(Carry)h(0;)f -(if)g(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)20 b FJ(originally)12 b(con)o(tained)j(an)o(y)f -(other)h(non{zero)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)e(set)j(Carry)e(0)g(and)h(Carry)0 -1212 y(1.)62 1346 y FB(SOS)134 b FJ(Subtract)15 b(One)g(from)d(Memory)h(but)h -(Do)f(Not)h(Skip)588 b(370)62 1395 y FB(SOSL)112 b FJ(Subtract)15 -b(One)g(from)d(Memory)h(and)g(Skip)h(if)f(Less)i(than)f(Zero)412 -b(371)62 1445 y FB(SOSE)112 b FJ(Subtract)15 b(One)g(from)d(Memory)h(and)g -(Skip)h(if)f(Equal)g(to)h(Zero)430 b(372)62 1495 y FB(SOSLE)90 -b FJ(Subtract)15 b(One)g(from)d(Memory)h(and)g(Skip)h(if)f(Less)i(than)f(or)f -(Equal)h(to)g(Zero)191 b(373)62 1545 y FB(SOSA)112 b FJ(Subtract)15 -b(One)g(from)d(Memory)h(and)g(Skip)h(Alw)o(a)o(ys)588 b(374)62 -1595 y FB(SOSGE)90 b FJ(Subtract)15 b(One)g(from)d(Memory)h(and)g(Skip)h(if)f -(Greater)i(than)e(or)h(Equal)g(to)f(Zero)130 b(375)62 1644 -y FB(SOSN)112 b FJ(Subtract)15 b(One)g(from)d(Memory)h(and)g(Skip)h(if)f(Not) -h(Equal)f(to)h(Zero)348 b(376)62 1694 y FB(SOSG)112 b FJ(Subtract)15 -b(One)g(from)d(Memory)h(and)g(Skip)h(if)f(Greater)i(than)e(Zero)351 -b(377)0 1889 y(Some)12 b(of)g(these)i(instructions)f(are)g(useful)g(for)f -(determining)g(the)h(relativ)o(e)g(v)n(alues)f(of)g(\014xed{)h(and)g -(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)0 1938 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers;)j(others)h(are)g(con)o(v)o -(enien)o(t)f(for)g(con)o(trolling)e(iterativ)o(e)i(pro)q(cesses)j(b)o(y)d -(coun)o(ting.)24 b FC(A)o(OSE)15 b FJ(is)h(esp)q(ecially)0 -1988 y(useful)f(in)g(an)f(in)o(terlo)q(c)o(k)h(pro)q(cedure)i(in)d(a)h(m)o -(ultiprogram)o(m)o(i)o(ng)d(en)o(vironmen)o(t.)20 b(Supp)q(ose)c(memory)c -(con)o(tains)j(a)0 2038 y(routine)i(that)h(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)i(a)o(v)n(ailable) -d(to)i(t)o(w)o(o)g(pro)q(cesses)j(but)d(cannot)h(b)q(e)g(used)g(b)o(y)f(b)q -(oth)g(at)g(once.)29 b(When)18 b(one)0 2088 y(pro)q(cess)d(\014nishes)g(the)f -(routine,)f(it)g(sets)i(lo)q(cation)e FC(LOCK)g FJ(to)g FH(\000)p -FJ(1.)18 b(Either)c(pro)q(cess)h(can)f(then)g(test)h(the)f(in)o(terlo)q(c)o -(k)0 2138 y(and)e(mak)o(e)e(it)i(busy)g(with)g(no)f(p)q(ossibilit)o(y)g(of)g -(letting)h(the)g(other)h(one)f(in,)g(as)g FC(A)o(OSE)e FJ(cannot)j(b)q(e)f -(in)o(terrupted)h(once)0 2188 y(it)h(starts)g(to)g(mo)q(dify)e(the)i -(addressed)i(lo)q(cation.)174 2312 y FB(AOSE)87 b(LOCK)f(;Skip)21 -b(to)g(interlocked)f(code)h(only)g(if)174 2362 y(JRST)65 b(.-1)130 -b(;LOCK)21 b(is)g(zero)g(after)g(addition)174 2412 y(.)327 -b(;Interlocked)19 b(code)i(starts)g(here)174 2462 y(.)174 2511 -y(.)174 2561 y(SETOM)65 b(LOCK)86 b(;Unlock)p eop -%%Page: 103 53 -103 52 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.7.)31 b(LOGICAL)14 b(TESTING)f(AND)h(MODIFICA)m -(TION)798 b FJ(103)150 195 y(Since)11 b(it)f(tak)o(es)i(a)e(long)g(time)f(to) -h(coun)o(t)h(to)g(2)833 180 y Fs(36)868 195 y FJ(,)g(it)f(is)g(all)g(righ)o -(t)g(to)h(k)o(eep)g(testing)g(the)g(lo)q(c)o(k.)17 b(\()p FE(Note)s -FJ(:)f(this)11 b(pro)q(cedure)150 245 y(is)j(not)g(suitable)f(where)i(m)o -(ultiple)d(pro)q(cessors)k(ma)o(y)c(b)q(e)i(sharing)g(the)h(lo)q(c)o(k.\))150 -330 y(There)e(are)f(no)g(comparison)e(instructions)i(for)g(double)f(w)o(ord)h -(comparands.)k(F)m(or)c(testing)g(the)g(sign)g(of)f(a)g(normal-)150 -380 y(ized,)j(double{precision)f(\015oating)g(p)q(oin)o(t)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,) -h FC(SKIPx)f FJ(or)i FC(JUMPx)e FJ(can)i(b)q(e)g(applied)f(to)g(just)h(the)g -(\014rst)g(w)o(ord)150 430 y(of)g(the)i(op)q(erand.)21 b(T)m(o)14 -b(mak)o(e)f(other)j(comparisons,)d(the)j FC(CAMx)e FJ(instructions)i(can)f(b) -q(e)g(com)o(bined,)f(as)h(sho)o(wn)f(in)150 480 y(the)i(example)e(that)h -(follo)o(ws.)21 b(The)16 b(A)o(Cs)g(iden)o(ti\014ed)f(as)h -FB(T1)f FJ(and)g FB(T2)g FJ(are)h(consecutiv)o(e.)24 b(This)15 -b(example)f(is)h(a)g(bit)150 530 y(subtle;)f(the)g(reader)i(is)d(encouraged)i -(to)f(follo)o(w)e(the)i(logic)f(of)g(the)i(nested)g(comparisons.)324 -654 y FB(DMOVE)65 b(T1,X)86 b(;Copy)21 b(X)g(\(and)g(X+1\))g(to)h(T1)f(and)g -(T2)324 704 y(CAMN)87 b(T1,Y)f(;Compare)20 b(the)h(top)h(parts)e(of)i(X)f -(and)g(Y)324 754 y(CAMLE)65 b(T2,Y+1)42 b(;Tops)21 b(are)g(equal.)g(Test)f -(low)i(parts)e(of)i(X)f(and)h(Y)324 804 y(CAMGE)65 b(T1,Y)86 -b(;)324 854 y(JRST)h(...)108 b(;Here)21 b(if)g(X,X+1)g(is)g(less)g(than)g(or) -h(equal)e(to)i(Y,Y+1)324 903 y(...)283 b(;Here)21 b(if)g(X,X+1)g(is)g -(greater)g(than)g(Y,Y+1)150 1151 y FA(2.7)70 b(Logical)22 b(T)-6 -b(esting)22 b(and)h(Mo)r(di\014cation)150 1278 y FJ(These)13 -b(sixteen)f(instructions)g(\(eac)o(h)g(with)f(four)g(mo)q(des\))g(use)h(a)f -(mask)f(\(a)i(w)o(ord)f(or)g(half)f(w)o(ord)i(of)e(bits\))i(to)f(mo)q(dify) -150 1328 y(and/or)k(test)i(selected)h(bits)e(in)f(A)o(C.)h(The)g(selected)i -(bits)d(are)i(the)f(bits)g(in)f(A)o(C)h(that)g(corresp)q(ond)h(to)f(1s)g(in)f -(the)150 1377 y(mask;)d(these)i(are)g(called)f(the)h(\\mask)o(ed)d(bits".)18 -b(The)c(programmer)d(c)o(ho)q(oses)j(the)g(mask,)d(the)j(w)o(a)o(y)f(in)f -(whic)o(h)h(the)150 1427 y(mask)o(ed)f(bits)i(are)f(to)g(b)q(e)h(mo)q -(di\014ed,)e(and)h(the)h(condition)f(that)g(the)h(mask)o(ed)e(bits)h(m)o(ust) -g(satisfy)g(\(prior)g(to)g(b)q(eing)150 1477 y(mo)q(di\014ed\))g(to)g(pro)q -(duce)i(a)f(skip.)150 1598 y(The)g(basic)h(mnemonics)c(are)k(three)g(letters) -g(b)q(eginning)f(with)f(\\T".)18 b(The)c(second)h(letter)g(selects)h(the)f -(mask)d(and)150 1648 y(the)i(manner)g(in)f(whic)o(h)h(it)f(is)h(used:)150 -1734 y FE(Mask)206 b(L)n(etter)42 b(E\013e)n(ct)150 1819 y -FJ(Righ)o(t)198 b(R)119 b(A)o(C)14 b(righ)o(t)f(is)h(mask)o(ed)f(b)o(y)g -FE(E)19 b FJ(\(A)o(C)14 b(is)g(mask)o(ed)f(b)o(y)h(the)g(w)o(ord)g(0)p -Fz(;)7 b(E)r FJ(\))150 1878 y(Left)227 b(L)124 b(A)o(C)14 b(left)f(is)h(mask) -o(ed)f(b)o(y)h FE(E)19 b FJ(\(A)o(C)14 b(is)f(mask)o(ed)g(b)o(y)h(the)g(w)o -(ord)g Fz(E)r(;)7 b FJ(0\))150 1937 y(Direct)188 b(D)118 b(A)o(C)14 -b(is)g(mask)o(ed)e(b)o(y)i(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)g(lo)q(cation)f -Fz(E)150 1995 y FJ(Sw)o(app)q(ed)139 b(S)127 b(A)o(C)18 b(is)g(mask)o(ed)e(b) -o(y)i(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(lo)q(cation)g Fz(E)j FJ(with)d(left)h(and)g -(righ)o(t)f(halv)o(es)600 2045 y(in)o(terc)o(hanged)150 2158 -y(The)d(third)g(letter)h(determines)f(the)h(w)o(a)o(y)e(in)g(whic)o(h)h -(those)h(bits)f(selected)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(mask)d(are)i(mo)q(di\014ed:)150 -2243 y FE(Mo)n(di\014c)n(ation)78 b(L)n(etter)42 b(E\013e)n(ct)15 -b(on)h(A)o(C)150 2329 y FJ(No)248 b(N)119 b(None)150 2388 y(Zeros)204 -b(Z)125 b(Places)15 b(0s)f(in)f(all)g(mask)o(ed)g(bit)g(p)q(ositions)150 -2446 y(Complemen)o(t)68 b(C)120 b(Complemen)o(ts)12 b(all)g(mask)o(ed)h(bits) -150 2505 y(Ones)211 b(O)118 b(Places)15 b(1s)f(in)f(all)g(mask)o(ed)g(bit)g -(p)q(ositions)p eop -%%Page: 104 54 -104 53 bop 0 50 a FJ(104)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(An)d(additional)d(letter)k(ma)o(y)c(b)q(e)j(app)q -(ended)h(to)e(indicate)h(the)g(mo)q(de,)e(whic)o(h)i(sp)q(eci\014es)h(the)f -(condition)f(the)h(mask)o(ed)0 245 y(bits)j(m)o(ust)f(satisfy)g(\(prior)h(to) -g(b)q(eing)g(mo)q(di\014ed\))e(to)i(pro)q(duce)h(a)f(skip.)0 -330 y FE(Mo)n(de)204 b(Su\016x)49 b(E\013e)n(ct)0 416 y FJ(Nev)o(er)346 -b(Nev)o(er)15 b(skip)0 475 y(Equal)194 b(E)122 b(Skip)13 b(if)g(all)g(mask)o -(ed)g(bits)h(equal)f(0)0 534 y(Alw)o(a)o(ys)170 b(A)119 b(Alw)o(a)o(ys)13 -b(Skip)0 592 y(Not)h(Equal)112 b(N)119 b(Skip)13 b(if)g(not)h(all)f(mask)o -(ed)g(bits)h(equal)f(0)h(\(at)g(least)g(one)g(bit)f(is)h(1\))0 -714 y(The)h(mo)q(de)e(names)h(are)g(consisten)o(t)i(with)e(those)h(for)f -(arithmetic)f(testing)i(and)f(deriv)o(e)h(from)e(the)i(test)g(metho)q(d,)0 -763 y(whic)o(h)e(ANDs)g(A)o(C)g(with)g(the)h(mask)d(and)i(tests)i(whether)f -(the)g(result)g(is)e(equal)h(to)g(zero)h(or)f(is)g(not)g(equal)g(to)g(zero.)0 -813 y(The)k(programmer)d(ma)o(y)g(\014nd)j(it)f(con)o(v)o(enien)o(t)g(to)g -(think)g(of)g(the)h(mo)q(des)f(as)g(`Ev)o(ery')g(and)g(`Not)g(Ev)o(ery':)23 -b(ev)o(ery)0 863 y(mask)o(ed)14 b(bit)h(is)g(0)g(or)g(not)g(ev)o(ery)h(mask)o -(ed)e(bit)h(is)g(0.)22 b(If)14 b(the)i(mnemonic)d(has)i(no)g(su\016x,)g -(there)i(is)e(nev)o(er)h(a)f(skip;)0 913 y(the)f(instruction)g(is)f(a)h -(no{op)f(if)f(there)j(is)f(also)e(no)i(mo)q(di\014cation.)i(An)d(\\A")g -(su\016x)h(pro)q(duces)h(an)e(unconditional)0 963 y(skip|the)f(skip)g(alw)o -(a)o(ys)e(o)q(ccurs)k(regardless)f(of)e(the)i(state)f(of)f(the)i(mask)o(ed)e -(bits.)17 b(The)12 b(decision)h(to)e(skip)h(\(or)g(not\))0 -1012 y(is)i(based)g(on)g(the)g(state)h(of)e(the)i(mask)o(ed)e(bits)h(prior)f -(to)h(an)o(y)g(mo)q(di\014cation)d(called)j(for)f(b)o(y)h(the)h(instruction.) -p 0 1261 1495 4 v 0 1187 V -2 1260 4 75 v 1493 1260 V 538 1260 -V 579 1260 V 746 1260 V 12 1291 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1237 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1291 -y Fq(8)p 372 1260 V 24 w(9)441 1237 y FE(A)0 1153 y Fk(TRN)220 -b(T)-5 b(est)19 b(Right,)h(No)e(Mo)r(di\014cation,)j(and)d(Skip)i(if)e -(Condition)j(Satis\014ed)104 1236 y FJ(60)p 247 1260 V 330 -1260 V 264 1237 a FE(M)342 1236 y FJ(0)219 1291 y Fq(5)j(6)g(7)0 -1387 y FJ(If)14 b(the)g(bits)h(in)e(A)o(C)h(righ)o(t)g(corresp)q(onding)h(to) -f(1s)g(in)g FE(E)19 b FJ(satisfy)14 b(the)g(condition)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o -(y)f FE(M)7 b FJ(,)14 b(skip)g(the)g(next)0 1437 y(instruction)g(in)g -(sequence.)20 b(A)o(C)14 b(is)f(una\013ected.)62 1578 y FB(TRN)134 -b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Righ)o(t,)d(No)i(Mo)q(di\014cation,)e(but)i(Do)g(Not)f -(Skip)572 b(600)62 1628 y FB(TRNE)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Righ)o(t,)d(No)i(Mo)q -(di\014cation,)e(and)i(Skip)f(if)g(All)g(Mask)o(ed)i(Bits)f(Equal)f(0)217 -b(602)62 1678 y FB(TRNA)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Righ)o(t,)d(No)i(Mo)q -(di\014cation,)e(but)i(Alw)o(a)o(ys)g(Skip)576 b(604)62 1728 -y FB(TRNN)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Righ)o(t,)d(No)i(Mo)q(di\014cation,)e(and)i -(Skip)f(if)g(Not)h(All)f(Mask)o(ed)i(Bits)f(Equal)f(0)135 b(606)0 -1849 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)25 b FC(TRN)17 b FJ(is)g(a)g(no{op)f(in)h(whic)o(h)g -FE(I)7 b FJ(,)16 b FE(X)7 b FJ(,)16 b(and)h FE(Y)25 b FJ(are)18 -b(reserv)o(ed)h(and)e(should)g(b)q(e)g(zero.)29 b(\(A)o(t)17 -b(presen)o(t)i FE(E)j FJ(is)0 1899 y(ignored.\))p 0 2150 1495 -4 v 0 2076 V -2 2149 4 75 v 1493 2149 V 538 2149 V 579 2149 -V 746 2149 V 12 2180 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 2125 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2180 y Fq(8)p -372 2149 V 24 w(9)441 2125 y FE(A)0 2042 y Fk(TRZ)227 b(T)-5 -b(est)19 b(Right,)h(Zeros,)f(and)f(Skip)i(if)f(Condition)h(Satis\014ed)104 -2125 y FJ(62)p 247 2149 V 330 2149 V 118 w FE(M)41 b FJ(0)219 -2180 y Fq(5)24 b(6)g(7)0 2276 y FJ(If)14 b(the)g(bits)h(in)e(A)o(C)h(righ)o -(t)g(corresp)q(onding)h(to)f(1s)g(in)g FE(E)19 b FJ(satisfy)14 -b(the)g(condition)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f FE(M)7 b FJ(,)14 -b(skip)g(the)g(next)0 2326 y(instruction)g(in)g(sequence.)20 -b(Change)14 b(the)g(mask)o(ed)f(A)o(C)h(bits)g(to)g(0s;)f(the)i(rest)g(of)e -(A)o(C)h(is)f(una\013ected.)p eop -%%Page: 105 55 -105 54 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.7.)31 b(LOGICAL)14 b(TESTING)f(AND)h(MODIFICA)m -(TION)798 b FJ(105)212 247 y FB(TRZ)134 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Righ)o(t,)d(Zeros,) -i(but)g(Do)g(Not)g(Skip)768 b(620)212 297 y FB(TRZE)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 -b(Righ)o(t,)d(Zeros,)i(and)g(Skip)f(if)h(All)f(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)g(Equaled)g -(0)372 b(622)212 347 y FB(TRZA)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Righ)o(t,)d(Zeros,)i -(but)g(Alw)o(a)o(ys)g(Skip)773 b(624)212 397 y FB(TRZN)112 -b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Righ)o(t,)d(Zeros,)i(and)g(Skip)f(if)h(Not)f(All)g(Mask)o -(ed)i(Bits)f(Equaled)g(0)290 b(626)p 150 688 1495 4 v 150 613 -V 148 686 4 75 v 1643 686 V 688 686 V 729 686 V 896 686 V 162 -718 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -663 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 718 y Fq(8)p 522 686 V 24 w(9)591 -663 y FE(A)150 580 y Fk(TRC)225 b(T)-5 b(est)19 b(Right,)h(Complement,)f(and) -f(Skip)i(if)e(Condition)j(Satis\014ed)254 663 y FJ(64)p 397 -686 V 480 686 V 118 w FE(M)41 b FJ(0)369 718 y Fq(5)24 b(6)g(7)150 -814 y FJ(If)14 b(the)g(bits)h(in)e(A)o(C)h(righ)o(t)g(corresp)q(onding)h(to)f -(1s)g(in)g FE(E)19 b FJ(satisfy)14 b(the)g(condition)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o -(y)f FE(M)7 b FJ(,)14 b(skip)g(the)g(next)150 863 y(instruction)g(in)g -(sequence.)20 b(Complemen)o(t)11 b(the)k(mask)o(ed)d(A)o(C)i(bits;)g(the)g -(rest)h(of)f(A)o(C)f(is)h(una\013ected.)212 1005 y FB(TRC)134 -b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Righ)o(t,)d(Complemen)o(t,)f(but)j(Do)f(Not)h(Skip)636 -b(640)212 1055 y FB(TRCE)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Righ)o(t,)d(Complemen)o(t,)f -(and)i(Skip)h(if)f(All)g(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)g(Equaled)g(0)240 -b(642)212 1105 y FB(TRCA)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Righ)o(t,)d(Complemen)o(t,)f -(but)j(Alw)o(a)o(ys)f(Skip)641 b(644)212 1154 y FB(TRCN)112 -b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Righ)o(t,)d(Complemen)o(t,)f(and)i(Skip)h(if)f(Not)h(All)f -(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)g(Equaled)g(0)158 b(646)p 150 1446 1495 4 -v 150 1371 V 148 1444 4 75 v 1643 1444 V 688 1444 V 729 1444 -V 896 1444 V 162 1476 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)698 1421 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1476 y Fq(8)p -522 1444 V 24 w(9)591 1421 y FE(A)150 1338 y Fk(TRO)220 b(T)-5 -b(est)19 b(Right,)h(Ones,)e(and)g(Skip)i(if)f(Condition)h(Satis\014ed)254 -1420 y FJ(66)p 397 1444 V 480 1444 V 414 1421 a FE(M)492 1420 -y FJ(0)369 1476 y Fq(5)k(6)g(7)150 1571 y FJ(If)14 b(the)g(bits)h(in)e(A)o(C) -h(righ)o(t)g(corresp)q(onding)h(to)f(1s)g(in)g FE(E)19 b FJ(satisfy)14 -b(the)g(condition)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f FE(M)7 b FJ(,)14 -b(skip)g(the)g(next)150 1621 y(instruction)g(in)g(sequence.)20 -b(Change)14 b(the)g(mask)o(ed)f(A)o(C)h(bits)g(to)g(1s;)f(the)i(rest)g(of)e -(A)o(C)h(is)f(una\013ected.)212 1763 y FB(TRO)134 b FJ(T)m(est)15 -b(Righ)o(t,)d(Ones,)i(but)g(Do)g(Not)g(Skip)775 b(660)212 1813 -y FB(TROE)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Righ)o(t,)d(Ones,)i(and)g(Skip)f(if)h(All)f -(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)g(Equaled)g(0)379 b(662)212 1862 y FB(TROA)112 -b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Righ)o(t,)d(Ones,)i(but)g(Alw)o(a)o(ys)g(Skip)780 -b(664)212 1912 y FB(TRON)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Righ)o(t,)d(Ones,)i(and)g -(Skip)f(if)h(Not)f(All)g(Mask)o(ed)i(Bits)f(Equaled)g(0)297 -b(662)p 150 2204 1495 4 v 150 2129 V 148 2202 4 75 v 1643 2202 -V 688 2202 V 729 2202 V 896 2202 V 162 2233 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2179 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)494 2233 y Fq(8)p 522 2202 V 24 w(9)591 2179 y FE(A)150 -2095 y Fk(TLN)226 b(T)-5 b(est)19 b(Left,)g(No)f(Mo)r(di\014cation,)j(and)d -(Skip)i(if)e(Condition)j(Satis\014ed)254 2178 y FJ(60)p 397 -2202 V 480 2202 V 414 2179 a FE(M)492 2178 y FJ(1)369 2233 -y Fq(5)j(6)g(7)150 2329 y FJ(If)15 b(the)h(bits)g(in)f(A)o(C)h(left)f -(corresp)q(onding)h(to)g(1s)f(in)g FE(E)21 b FJ(satisfy)15 -b(the)i(condition)d(sp)q(eci\014ed)k(b)o(y)d FE(M)7 b FJ(,)15 -b(skip)g(the)h(next)150 2379 y(instruction)e(in)g(sequence.)20 -b(A)o(C)14 b(is)f(una\013ected.)p eop -%%Page: 106 56 -106 55 bop 0 50 a FJ(106)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)62 247 y FB(TLN)134 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Left,)e(No)h(Mo)q -(di\014cation,)f(but)h(Do)f(Not)h(Skip)599 b(601)62 297 y FB(TLNE)112 -b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Left,)e(No)h(Mo)q(di\014cation,)f(and)g(Skip)h(if)f(All)g -(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)g(Equal)g(0)244 b(603)62 347 y FB(TLNA)112 -b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Left,)e(No)h(Mo)q(di\014cation,)f(but)h(Alw)o(a)o(ys)f -(Skip)604 b(605)62 397 y FB(TLNN)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Left,)e(No)h(Mo)q -(di\014cation,)f(and)g(Skip)h(if)f(Not)h(All)f(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)g(Equal)g(0) -162 b(607)0 518 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)25 b FC(TLN)18 b FJ(is)f(a)g(no{op)g(in)g -(whic)o(h)g FE(I)7 b FJ(,)16 b FE(X)7 b FJ(,)17 b(and)g FE(Y)25 -b FJ(are)18 b(reserv)o(ed)h(and)e(should)g(b)q(e)h(zero.)29 -b(\(A)o(t)18 b(presen)o(t)h FE(E)j FJ(is)0 568 y(ignored.\))p -0 819 1495 4 v 0 745 V -2 818 4 75 v 1493 818 V 538 818 V 579 -818 V 746 818 V 12 849 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 795 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 849 y Fq(8)p -372 818 V 24 w(9)441 795 y FE(A)0 711 y Fk(TLZ)233 b(T)-5 b(est)19 -b(Left,)g(Zeros)g(and)f(Skip)i(if)f(Condition)h(Satis\014ed)104 -794 y FJ(62)p 247 818 V 330 818 V 264 795 a FE(M)342 794 y -FJ(1)219 849 y Fq(5)k(6)g(7)0 945 y FJ(If)15 b(the)h(bits)g(in)f(A)o(C)h -(left)f(corresp)q(onding)h(to)g(1s)f(in)g FE(E)21 b FJ(satisfy)15 -b(the)i(condition)d(sp)q(eci\014ed)k(b)o(y)d FE(M)7 b FJ(,)15 -b(skip)g(the)h(next)0 995 y(instruction)e(in)g(sequence.)20 -b(Change)14 b(the)g(mask)o(ed)f(A)o(C)h(bits)g(to)g(0s;)f(the)i(rest)g(of)e -(A)o(C)h(is)f(una\013ected.)62 1136 y FB(TLZ)134 b FJ(T)m(est)15 -b(Left,)e(Zeros,)i(but)f(Do)f(Not)h(Skip)796 b(621)62 1186 -y FB(TLZE)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Left,)e(Zeros,)i(and)e(Skip)h(if)f(All)g -(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)g(Equaled)g(0)400 b(623)62 1236 y FB(TLZA)112 -b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Left,)e(Zeros,)i(but)f(Alw)o(a)o(ys)f(Skip)801 -b(625)62 1286 y FB(TLZN)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Left,)e(Zeros,)i(and)e(Skip)h -(if)f(Not)h(All)f(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)g(Equaled)g(0)318 b(627)p -0 1577 1495 4 v 0 1502 V -2 1575 4 75 v 1493 1575 V 538 1575 -V 579 1575 V 746 1575 V 12 1607 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1552 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1607 -y Fq(8)p 372 1575 V 24 w(9)441 1552 y FE(A)0 1469 y Fk(TLC)231 -b(T)-5 b(est)19 b(Left,)g(Complement,)g(and)f(Skip)i(if)e(Condition)j -(Satis\014ed)104 1551 y FJ(64)p 247 1575 V 330 1575 V 264 1552 -a FE(M)342 1551 y FJ(1)219 1607 y Fq(5)j(6)g(7)0 1703 y FJ(If)15 -b(the)h(bits)g(in)f(A)o(C)h(left)f(corresp)q(onding)h(to)g(1s)f(in)g -FE(E)21 b FJ(satisfy)15 b(the)i(condition)d(sp)q(eci\014ed)k(b)o(y)d -FE(M)7 b FJ(,)15 b(skip)g(the)h(next)0 1752 y(instruction)e(in)g(sequence.)20 -b(Complemen)o(t)11 b(the)k(mask)o(ed)d(A)o(C)i(bits;)g(the)g(rest)h(of)f(A)o -(C)f(is)h(una\013ected.)62 1894 y FB(TLC)134 b FJ(T)m(est)15 -b(Left,)e(Complemen)o(t,)e(but)j(Do)f(Not)h(Skip)664 b(641)62 -1944 y FB(TLCE)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Left,)e(Complemen)o(t,)e(and)j(Skip)f -(if)g(All)g(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)h(Equaled)f(0)267 b(643)62 1994 -y FB(TLCA)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Left,)e(Complemen)o(t,)e(but)j(Alw)o(a)o(ys)f -(Skip)669 b(645)62 2043 y FB(TLCN)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Left,)e(Complemen)o -(t,)e(and)j(Skip)f(if)g(Not)h(All)f(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)h(Equaled)e(0)186 -b(647)p 0 2335 1495 4 v 0 2260 V -2 2333 4 75 v 1493 2333 V -538 2333 V 579 2333 V 746 2333 V 12 2365 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 2310 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)344 2365 y Fq(8)p 372 2333 V 24 w(9)441 2310 y FE(A)0 2227 -y Fk(TLO)226 b(T)-5 b(est)19 b(Left,)g(Ones,)f(and)g(Skip)i(if)f(Condition)i -(Satis\014ed)104 2309 y FJ(66)p 247 2333 V 330 2333 V 264 2310 -a FE(M)342 2309 y FJ(1)219 2365 y Fq(5)j(6)g(7)0 2460 y FJ(If)15 -b(the)h(bits)g(in)f(A)o(C)h(left)f(corresp)q(onding)h(to)g(1s)f(in)g -FE(E)21 b FJ(satisfy)15 b(the)i(condition)d(sp)q(eci\014ed)k(b)o(y)d -FE(M)7 b FJ(,)15 b(skip)g(the)h(next)0 2510 y(instruction)e(in)g(sequence.)20 -b(Change)14 b(the)g(mask)o(ed)f(A)o(C)h(bits)g(to)g(1s;)f(the)i(rest)g(of)e -(A)o(C)h(is)f(una\013ected.)p eop -%%Page: 107 57 -107 56 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.7.)31 b(LOGICAL)14 b(TESTING)f(AND)h(MODIFICA)m -(TION)798 b FJ(107)212 247 y FB(TLO)134 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Left,)e(Ones,)i -(but)f(Do)f(Not)h(Skip)803 b(661)212 297 y FB(TLOE)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 -b(Left,)e(Ones,)i(and)e(Skip)h(if)f(All)g(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)g(Equaled)g(0)407 -b(663)212 347 y FB(TLOA)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Left,)e(Ones,)i(but)f(Alw)o(a)o -(ys)f(Skip)808 b(665)212 397 y FB(TLON)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 -b(Left,)e(Ones,)i(and)e(Skip)h(if)f(Not)h(All)f(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)g(Equaled)g -(0)325 b(667)p 150 688 1495 4 v 150 613 V 148 686 4 75 v 1643 -686 V 688 686 V 729 686 V 896 686 V 162 718 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 663 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)494 718 y Fq(8)p 522 686 V 24 w(9)591 663 y FE(A)150 580 -y Fk(TDN)215 b(T)-5 b(est)19 b(Direct,)g(No)f(Mo)r(di\014cation,)j(and)d -(Skip)i(if)f(Condition)i(Satis\014ed)254 663 y FJ(61)p 397 -686 V 480 686 V 118 w FE(M)41 b FJ(0)369 718 y Fq(5)24 b(6)g(7)150 -814 y FJ(If)13 b(the)g(bits)g(in)g(A)o(C)g(corresp)q(onding)h(to)f(1s)g(in)f -(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)18 b FJ(satisfy)13 -b(the)g(condition)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)150 863 y FE(M)7 -b FJ(,)13 b(skip)h(the)h(next)f(instruction)g(in)g(sequence.)20 -b(A)o(C)14 b(is)f(una\013ected.)212 1005 y FB(TDN)134 b FJ(T)m(est)15 -b(Direct,)e(No)h(Mo)q(di\014cation,)f(but)h(Do)f(Not)h(Skip)560 -b(610)212 1055 y FB(TDNE)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Direct,)e(No)h(Mo)q -(di\014cation,)f(and)h(Skip)f(if)g(All)g(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)h(Equal)e(0)205 -b(612)212 1105 y FB(TDNA)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Direct,)e(No)h(Mo)q -(di\014cation,)f(but)h(Alw)o(a)o(ys)f(Skip)565 b(614)212 1154 -y FB(TDNN)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Direct,)e(No)h(Mo)q(di\014cation,)f(and)h -(Skip)f(if)g(Not)h(All)f(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)g(Equal)g(0)123 b(616)150 -1274 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)18 b FC(TDN)c FJ(has)g(no)f(o)o(v)o(ert)h(e\013ect)h -(on)f(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(memory)m(,)d(the)k(accum)o(ulators,)f(or)g -(the)h(\015o)o(w)g(of)f(con)o(trol;)150 1324 y(th)o(us,)h(in)f(the)h(usual)g -(sense,)h(it)e(is)h(a)f(no{op.)18 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)13 b -FC(TDN)i FJ(do)q(es)f(p)q(erform)f(a)h(memory)d(read)j(op)q(eration,)f(with) -150 1373 y(all)g(attendan)o(t,)g(implemen)o(tation{dep)q(enden)o(t,)f(side)i -(e\013ects.)p 150 1622 1495 4 v 150 1548 V 148 1621 4 75 v -1643 1621 V 688 1621 V 729 1621 V 896 1621 V 162 1652 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1597 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)494 1652 y Fq(8)p 522 1621 V 24 w(9)591 1597 y -FE(A)150 1514 y Fk(TDZ)222 b(T)-5 b(est)19 b(Direct,)g(Zeros,)h(and)e(Skip)i -(if)e(Condition)j(Satis\014ed)254 1597 y FJ(63)p 397 1621 V -480 1621 V 118 w FE(M)41 b FJ(0)369 1652 y Fq(5)24 b(6)g(7)150 -1748 y FJ(If)16 b(the)h(bits)f(in)g(A)o(C)h(corresp)q(onding)g(to)f(1s)h(in)f -(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)22 b FJ(satisfy)16 -b(the)h(condition)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)150 1798 y(b)o(y)g FE(M)7 -b FJ(,)15 b(skip)h(the)g(next)g(instruction)g(in)f(sequence.)25 -b(Change)16 b(the)g(mask)o(ed)e(A)o(C)i(bits)f(to)h(0s;)g(the)g(rest)h(of)e -(A)o(C)g(is)150 1847 y(una\013ected.)212 1981 y FB(TDZ)134 -b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Direct,)e(Zeros,)i(but)f(Do)f(Not)h(Skip)757 -b(630)212 2031 y FB(TDZE)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Direct,)e(Zeros,)i(and)f(Skip) -f(if)g(All)g(Mask)o(ed)i(Bits)f(Equaled)g(0)360 b(632)212 2080 -y FB(TDZA)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Direct,)e(Zeros,)i(but)f(Alw)o(a)o(ys)f(Skip) -762 b(634)212 2130 y FB(TDZN)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Direct,)e(Zeros,)i(and)f -(Skip)f(if)g(Not)h(All)f(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)h(Equaled)f(0)278 -b(636)p 150 2422 1495 4 v 150 2347 V 148 2420 4 75 v 1643 2420 -V 688 2420 V 729 2420 V 896 2420 V 162 2452 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2397 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)494 2452 y Fq(8)p 522 2420 V 24 w(9)591 2397 y FE(A)150 -2314 y Fk(TDC)220 b(T)-5 b(est)19 b(Direct,)g(Complement,)g(and)f(skip)i(if)f -(Condition)h(satis\014ed)254 2396 y FJ(65)p 397 2420 V 480 -2420 V 414 2397 a FE(M)492 2396 y FJ(0)369 2452 y Fq(5)k(6)g(7)150 -2547 y FJ(If)16 b(the)h(bits)f(in)g(A)o(C)h(corresp)q(onding)g(to)f(1s)h(in)f -(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)22 b FJ(satisfy)16 -b(the)h(condition)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)150 2597 y(b)o(y)h FE(M)7 -b FJ(,)16 b(skip)g(the)g(next)h(instruction)f(in)g(sequence.)27 -b(Complemen)o(t)14 b(the)i(mask)o(ed)f(A)o(C)i(bits;)f(the)h(rest)h(of)d(A)o -(C)h(is)p eop -%%Page: 108 58 -108 57 bop 0 50 a FJ(108)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(una\013ected.)62 329 y FB(TDC)134 -b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Direct,)e(Complemen)o(t,)e(but)j(Do)g(Not)g(Skip)624 -b(650)62 378 y FB(TDCE)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Direct,)e(Complemen)o(t,)e(and)j -(Skip)f(if)g(All)g(Mask)o(ed)i(Bits)f(Equaled)g(0)228 b(652)62 -428 y FB(TDCA)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Direct,)e(Complemen)o(t,)e(but)j(Alw)o(a) -o(ys)g(Skip)629 b(654)62 478 y FB(TDCN)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 -b(Direct,)e(Complemen)o(t,)e(and)j(Skip)f(if)g(Not)h(All)f(Mask)o(ed)i(Bits)f -(Equaled)g(0)146 b(656)p 0 770 1495 4 v 0 695 V -2 768 4 75 -v 1493 768 V 538 768 V 579 768 V 746 768 V 12 799 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 745 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)344 799 y Fq(8)p 372 768 V 24 w(9)441 745 y FE(A)0 -661 y Fk(TDO)215 b(T)-5 b(est)19 b(Direct,)g(Ones,)g(and)f(skip)h(if)g -(Condition)i(satis\014ed)104 744 y FJ(67)p 247 768 V 330 768 -V 264 745 a FE(M)342 744 y FJ(0)219 799 y Fq(5)j(6)g(7)0 895 -y FJ(If)16 b(the)h(bits)f(in)g(A)o(C)h(corresp)q(onding)g(to)f(1s)h(in)f(the) -h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)22 b FJ(satisfy)16 -b(the)h(condition)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)0 945 y(b)o(y)g FE(M)7 b -FJ(,)15 b(skip)h(the)g(next)g(instruction)g(in)f(sequence.)25 -b(Change)16 b(the)g(mask)o(ed)e(A)o(C)i(bits)f(to)h(1s;)g(the)g(rest)h(of)e -(A)o(C)g(is)0 995 y(una\013ected.)62 1128 y FB(TDO)134 b FJ(T)m(est)15 -b(Direct,)e(Ones,)i(but)f(Do)f(Not)h(Skip)764 b(670)62 1178 -y FB(TDOE)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Direct,)e(Ones,)i(and)f(Skip)f(if)g(All)g -(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)h(Equaled)f(0)367 b(672)62 1228 y FB(TDOA)112 -b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Direct,)e(Ones,)i(but)f(Alw)o(a)o(ys)f(Skip)769 -b(674)62 1278 y FB(TDON)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Direct,)e(Ones,)i(and)f(Skip)f -(if)g(Not)h(All)f(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)h(Equaled)e(0)286 b(676)p -0 1569 1495 4 v 0 1494 V -2 1567 4 75 v 1493 1567 V 538 1567 -V 579 1567 V 746 1567 V 12 1599 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1544 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1599 -y Fq(8)p 372 1567 V 24 w(9)441 1544 y FE(A)0 1461 y Fk(TSN)225 -b(T)-5 b(est)19 b(Sw)n(app)r(ed,)g(No)g(Mo)r(di\014cation,)h(and)f(Skip)g(if) -g(Condition)i(Satis\014ed)104 1543 y FJ(61)p 247 1567 V 330 -1567 V 264 1544 a FE(M)342 1543 y FJ(1)219 1599 y Fq(5)j(6)g(7)0 -1694 y FJ(If)17 b(the)h(bits)f(in)f(A)o(C)h(corresp)q(onding)i(to)e(1s)g(in)g -(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)23 b FJ(with)16 -b(its)h(left)g(and)g(righ)o(t)g(halv)o(es)0 1744 y(sw)o(app)q(ed)11 -b(satisfy)e(the)i(condition)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f FE(M)d -FJ(,)i(skip)h(the)g(next)h(instruction)f(in)f(sequence.)19 -b(A)o(C)10 b(is)g(una\013ected.)62 1886 y FB(TSN)134 b FJ(T)m(est)15 -b(Sw)o(app)q(ed,)e(No)h(Mo)q(di\014cation,)f(but)h(Do)f(Not)h(Skip)511 -b(611)62 1936 y FB(TSNE)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Sw)o(app)q(ed,)e(No)h(Mo)q -(di\014cation,)f(and)g(Skip)h(if)f(All)g(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)h(Equal)e(0)156 -b(613)62 1985 y FB(TSNA)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Sw)o(app)q(ed,)e(No)h(Mo)q -(di\014cation,)f(but)h(Alw)o(a)o(ys)f(Skip)516 b(615)62 2035 -y FB(TSNN)112 b FJ(T)m(est)14 b(Sw)o(app)q(ed,)g(No)f(Mo)q(di\014cation,)g -(and)g(Skip)g(if)g(Not)h(All)e(Mask)o(ed)i(Bits)g(Equal)f(0)78 -b(617)0 2155 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)18 b FC(TSN)d FJ(is)e(a)h(no{op,)f(in)g(the)i -(sense)g(that)f(it)g(has)g(no)f(o)o(v)o(ert)i(e\013ect.)k(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,) -14 b(it)g(reads)g(memory)m(,)d(with)i(an)o(y)0 2205 y(attendan)o(t)h(side)h -(e\013ects.)p 0 2445 1495 4 v 0 2371 V -2 2444 4 75 v 1493 -2444 V 538 2444 V 579 2444 V 746 2444 V 12 2475 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 2420 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)344 2475 y Fq(8)p 372 2444 V 24 w(9)441 2420 y -FE(A)0 2337 y Fk(TSZ)232 b(T)-5 b(est)19 b(Sw)n(app)r(ed,)g(Zeros,)h(and)e -(Skip)i(if)f(Condition)h(Satis\014ed)104 2420 y FJ(63)p 247 -2444 V 330 2444 V 118 w FE(M)41 b FJ(1)219 2475 y Fq(5)24 b(6)g(7)0 -2571 y FJ(If)17 b(the)h(bits)f(in)f(A)o(C)h(corresp)q(onding)i(to)e(1s)g(in)g -(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)23 b FJ(with)16 -b(its)h(left)g(and)g(righ)o(t)g(halv)o(es)0 2621 y(sw)o(app)q(ed)h(satisfy)e -(the)i(condition)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f FE(M)7 b FJ(,)16 -b(skip)h(the)g(next)h(instruction)f(in)f(sequence.)29 b(Change)17 -b(the)p eop -%%Page: 109 59 -109 58 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.7.)31 b(LOGICAL)14 b(TESTING)f(AND)h(MODIFICA)m -(TION)798 b FJ(109)150 195 y(mask)o(ed)13 b(A)o(C)h(bits)g(to)f(0s;)h(the)g -(rest)h(of)f(A)o(C)f(is)h(una\013ected.)212 337 y FB(TSZ)134 -b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Sw)o(app)q(ed,)e(Zeros,)i(but)f(Do)f(Not)h(Skip)708 -b(631)212 387 y FB(TSZE)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Sw)o(app)q(ed,)e(Zeros,)i(and)f -(Skip)f(if)g(All)g(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)h(Equaled)f(0)311 b(633)212 -436 y FB(TSZA)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Sw)o(app)q(ed,)e(Zeros,)i(but)f(Alw)o(a)o -(ys)f(Skip)713 b(635)212 486 y FB(TSZN)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 -b(Sw)o(app)q(ed,)e(Zeros,)i(and)f(Skip)f(if)g(Not)h(All)f(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)h -(Equaled)e(0)230 b(637)p 150 778 1495 4 v 150 703 V 148 776 -4 75 v 1643 776 V 688 776 V 729 776 V 896 776 V 162 807 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 753 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)494 807 y Fq(8)p 522 776 V 24 w(9)591 753 y FE(A)150 -669 y Fk(TSC)230 b(T)-5 b(est)19 b(Sw)n(app)r(ed,)g(Complement,)g(and)g(Skip) -g(if)g(Condition)i(Satis\014ed)254 752 y FJ(65)p 397 776 V -480 776 V 414 753 a FE(M)492 752 y FJ(1)369 807 y Fq(5)j(6)g(7)150 -903 y FJ(If)17 b(the)h(bits)f(in)f(A)o(C)h(corresp)q(onding)i(to)e(1s)g(in)g -(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)23 b FJ(with)16 -b(its)h(left)g(and)g(righ)o(t)g(halv)o(es)150 953 y(sw)o(app)q(ed)f(satisfy)g -(the)g(condition)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e FE(M)7 b FJ(,)15 -b(skip)h(the)g(next)g(instruction)g(in)f(sequence.)26 b(Complem)o(en)o(t)150 -1003 y(the)14 b(mask)o(ed)f(A)o(C)h(bits;)g(the)g(rest)h(of)e(A)o(C)h(is)g -(una\013ected.)212 1144 y FB(TSC)134 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Sw)o(app)q(ed,)e -(Complemen)o(t,)e(but)j(Do)g(Not)f(Skip)576 b(651)212 1194 -y FB(TSCE)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Sw)o(app)q(ed,)e(Complemen)o(t,)e(and)j(Skip) -f(if)g(All)g(Mask)o(ed)i(Bits)f(Equaled)g(0)179 b(653)212 1244 -y FB(TSCA)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Sw)o(app)q(ed,)e(Complemen)o(t,)e(but)j(Alw)o -(a)o(ys)f(Skip)581 b(655)212 1294 y FB(TSCN)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 -b(Sw)o(app)q(ed,)e(Complemen)o(t,)e(and)j(Skip)f(if)g(Not)h(All)f(Mask)o(ed)i -(Bits)f(Equaled)g(0)97 b(657)p 150 1585 1495 4 v 150 1510 V -148 1584 4 75 v 1643 1584 V 688 1584 V 729 1584 V 896 1584 -V 162 1615 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -1560 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1615 y Fq(8)p 522 1584 V 24 -w(9)591 1560 y FE(A)150 1477 y Fk(TSO)225 b(T)-5 b(est)19 b(Sw)n(app)r(ed,)g -(Ones,)g(and)f(Skip)i(if)f(Condition)h(Satis\014ed)254 1560 -y FJ(67)p 397 1584 V 480 1584 V 118 w FE(M)41 b FJ(1)369 1615 -y Fq(5)24 b(6)g(7)150 1711 y FJ(If)17 b(the)h(bits)f(in)f(A)o(C)h(corresp)q -(onding)i(to)e(1s)g(in)g(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(lo)q(cation)f -FE(E)23 b FJ(with)16 b(its)h(left)g(and)g(righ)o(t)g(halv)o(es)150 -1760 y(sw)o(app)q(ed)h(satisfy)e(the)i(condition)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f -FE(M)7 b FJ(,)16 b(skip)h(the)g(next)h(instruction)f(in)f(sequence.)29 -b(Change)17 b(the)150 1810 y(mask)o(ed)c(A)o(C)h(bits)g(to)f(1s;)h(the)g -(rest)h(of)f(A)o(C)f(is)h(una\013ected.)212 1952 y FB(TSO)134 -b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Sw)o(app)q(ed,)e(Ones,)i(but)f(Do)f(Not)h(Skip)715 -b(671)212 2002 y FB(TSOE)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Sw)o(app)q(ed,)e(Ones,)i(and)f -(Skip)f(if)g(All)g(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)h(Equaled)f(0)318 b(673)212 -2051 y FB(TSOA)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 b(Sw)o(app)q(ed,)e(Ones,)i(but)f(Alw)o(a)o -(ys)f(Skip)720 b(675)212 2101 y FB(TSON)112 b FJ(T)m(est)15 -b(Sw)o(app)q(ed,)e(Ones,)i(and)f(Skip)f(if)g(Not)h(All)f(Mask)o(ed)h(Bits)h -(Equaled)e(0)237 b(677)150 2296 y(With)13 b(these)i(instructions,)f(an)o(y)f -(bit)g(throughout)h(all)e(of)h(memory)e(can)j(b)q(e)g(used)g(as)g(a)f -(program)f(\015ag,)h(although)150 2345 y(an)20 b(ordinary)g(memory)d(lo)q -(cation)j(con)o(taining)f(\015ags)h(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(mo)o(v)o(ed)e(to)h(an)g -(accum)o(ulator)f(for)g(testing)i(or)150 2395 y(mo)q(di\014cation.)16 -b(The)d(usual)h(pro)q(cedure,)h(since)f(lo)q(cations)f(1{17)f(are)i -(addressable)g(as)g(index)f(registers,)i(is)e(to)g(use)150 -2445 y(A)o(C)h(0)f(as)h(a)g(register)h(of)e(\015ags)h(\(often)g(addressed)i -(sym)o(b)q(olically)11 b(as)j FC(F)p FJ(\).)150 2531 y(Unless)h(one)f -(frequen)o(tly)h(tests)g(\015ags)f(in)g(b)q(oth)g(halv)o(es)g(of)f(F)h(sim)o -(ultaneously)m(,)d(it)j(is)g(generally)g(most)f(con)o(v)o(enien)o(t)150 -2580 y(to)h(select)h(bits)f(b)o(y)f(1s)h(in)f(the)i(address)g(part)f(of)f -(the)h(instruction)g(w)o(ord.)k(A)c(giv)o(en)f(bit)h(selected)h(b)o(y)f(a)f -(half{w)o(ord)p eop -%%Page: 110 60 -110 59 bop 0 50 a FJ(110)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(mask)e Fz(M)19 b FJ(is)14 b(then)g(set)h(b)o(y)f -(one)g(of)f(these:)174 320 y FB(TRO)22 b(F,)p Fz(M)222 b FB(TLO)21 -b(F,)p Fz(M)0 480 y FJ(and)14 b(tested)h(and)f(cleared)h(b)o(y)e(one)h(of)g -(these:)87 604 y FB(TRZE)21 b(F,)p Fz(M)92 b FB(TRZN)21 b(F,)p -Fz(M)91 b FB(TLZE)21 b(F,)p Fz(M)92 b FB(TLZN)21 b(F,)p Fz(M)0 -765 y FJ(Supp)q(ose)15 b(one)f(wishes)h(to)e(skip)h(if)f(b)q(oth)h(bits)g(34) -f(and)h(35)f(are)i(1)e(in)h(lo)q(cation)f(L.)g(The)h(follo)o(wing)e -(su\016ces.)174 889 y FB(SETCM)65 b(F,L)174 939 y(TRNE)87 b(F,3)0 -1099 y FJ(One)14 b(can)g(refer)g(to)f(a)g(\015ag)g(in)g(a)g(giv)o(en)g(bit)g -(p)q(osition)g(within)f(a)h(w)o(ord)h(as)f(\015ag)g FE(X)7 -b FJ(,)12 b(where)j FE(X)20 b FJ(is)13 b(a)g(binary)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)0 -1149 y(con)o(taining)f(a)h(single)g(1)g(in)f(the)i(same)e(bit)h(p)q(osition)g -(as)g(the)g(\015ag.)18 b(This)13 b(sequence)i(determines)f(whether)g(\015ags) -f FE(X)0 1199 y FJ(and)h FE(Y)21 b FJ(in)14 b(the)g(righ)o(t)g(half)f(of)g -(accum)o(ulator)f(F)i(are)h(b)q(oth)f(on:)174 1324 y FB(TRC)109 -b(F,X+Y)151 b(;Complement)20 b(flags)g Fz(X)26 b FB(and)21 -b Fz(Y)174 1373 y FB(TRCE)87 b(F,X+Y)151 b(;Test)21 b(both)g(and)g(restore)f -(states)174 1423 y(...)370 b(;Do)21 b(this)g(if)h(not)f(both)g(on)174 -1473 y(...)370 b(;Skip)21 b(to)g(here)g(if)h(both)f(on)0 1633 -y FJ(One)11 b(o)q(ccasionally)d(sees)k(a)d(subroutine)i(with)f(t)o(w)o(o)f -(en)o(try)h(p)q(oin)o(ts)g(to)g(iden)o(tify)f(t)o(w)o(o)g(v)o(ersions)i(of)e -(a)g(similar)f(function.)0 1683 y(The)14 b(v)o(ersions)h(are)f(distinguished) -g(b)o(y)g(setting)g(or)g(clearing)f(a)h(\015ag,)f(as)h(for)f(example:)0 -1808 y FB(LABEL1:)20 b(TDZA)87 b(AC,AC)151 b(;Set)21 b(the)g(flag)g(\(all)g -(of)h(AC\))f(to)g(0)h(&)f(skip)0 1857 y(LABEL2:)f(MOVEI)65 -b(AC,1)173 b(;Set)21 b(the)g(entry)g(flag)g(to)g(1)174 1907 -y(...)0 2155 y FA(2.8)70 b(Half{W)-6 b(ord)23 b(Data)h(T)-6 -b(ransmissi)o(on)0 2282 y FJ(These)12 b(instructions)g(mo)o(v)o(e)e(a)g(half) -g(w)o(ord)h(and)g(ma)o(y)e(mo)q(dify)g(the)j(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)i -(other)g(half)e(of)g(the)i(destination)0 2331 y(lo)q(cation.)28 -b(There)19 b(are)f(sixteen)h(instructions;)g(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)g(in)e(a)g -(non{zero)h(section,)h(the)f(immediate)d(mo)q(de)i(of)0 2381 -y(one)f(of)g(them)f(acts)i(in)f(a)g(sp)q(ecial)g(w)o(a)o(y)g(and)g(is)g -(treated)h(as)g(a)e(separate)j(instruction.)25 b(The)17 b(sixteen)g(forms)e -(are)0 2431 y(distinguished)c(b)o(y)f(whic)o(h)g(half)g(of)g(the)h(source)h -(w)o(ord)f(is)f(mo)o(v)o(ed)f(to)i(whic)o(h)f(half)g(of)g(the)h(destination)f -(and)h(b)o(y)f(whic)o(h)0 2481 y(of)k(four)g(p)q(ossible)g(op)q(erations)h -(is)f(p)q(erformed)g(on)g(the)h(other)g(half)f(of)g(the)h(destination.)k(The) -c(basic)f(mnemonics)0 2531 y(are)g(three)h(letters)h(that)e(indicate)f(the)i -(transfer,)p eop -%%Page: 111 61 -111 60 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.8.)31 b(HALF{W)o(ORD)13 b(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)g -(TRANSMISSION)902 b FJ(111)212 247 y FB(HLL)134 b FJ(Left)14 -b(half)f(of)g(source)j(to)d(left)h(half)f(of)g(destination)212 -297 y FB(HRL)134 b FJ(Righ)o(t)13 b(half)g(of)g(source)i(to)f(left)g(half)f -(of)g(destination)212 347 y FB(HRR)134 b FJ(Righ)o(t)13 b(half)g(of)g(source) -i(to)f(righ)o(t)f(half)g(of)h(destination)212 397 y FB(HLR)134 -b FJ(Left)14 b(half)f(of)g(source)j(to)d(righ)o(t)h(half)f(of)g(destination) -150 516 y(plus)h(a)f(fourth,)h(if)f(necessary)m(,)i(to)f(indicate)f(the)i(op) -q(eration:)175 599 y FE(Op)n(er)n(ation)76 b(Su\016x)51 b(E\013e)n(ct)15 -b(on)g(Other)g(Half)f(of)h(Destination)175 684 y FJ(Do)e(nothing)201 -b(None)175 752 y(Zeros)158 b(Z)127 b(Places)14 b(0s)g(in)g(all)e(bits)i(of)g -(the)g(other)h(half)175 820 y(Ones)165 b(O)120 b(Places)14 -b(1s)g(in)g(all)e(bits)i(of)g(the)g(other)h(half)175 888 y(Extend)124 -b(E)g(Places)15 b(the)g(sign)f(\(the)h(leftmost)e(bit\))h(of)g(the)h(half)f -(w)o(ord)g(mo)o(v)o(ed)f(in)h(all)f(bits)h(of)581 937 y(the)k(other)f(half.) -28 b(This)17 b(action)g(extends)h(a)f(righ)o(t)g(half{w)o(ord)f(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)g(in)o(to)h(a)581 987 y(full{w)o(ord)11 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(but)g(is)h(v) -n(alid)e(arithmetically)f(only)i(for)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e)h(left)f(half{)581 -1037 y(w)o(ord)j(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers:)20 b(the)c(righ)o(t)f(extension)h(of)e(a)h -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(requires)h(0s)f(regardless)581 1087 y(of)h(sign.)27 -b(\(Hence,)19 b(the)f(Zeros)g(op)q(eration)f(should)g(b)q(e)g(used)h(to)f -(extend)h(a)f(left)581 1137 y(half{w)o(ord)12 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.\))150 -1256 y(An)21 b(additional)d(letter)k(ma)o(y)c(b)q(e)j(app)q(ended)h(to)e -(indicate)g(the)i(mo)q(de,)e(whic)o(h)g(determines)h(the)g(source)h(and)150 -1306 y(destination)14 b(of)f(the)h(half)f(w)o(ord)h(mo)o(v)o(ed:)175 -1381 y FE(Mo)n(de)146 b(Su\016x)51 b(Sour)n(c)n(e)220 b(Destination)175 -1466 y FJ(Basic)298 b FE(E)310 b FJ(A)o(C)175 1534 y(Immediate)47 -b(I)137 b(The)14 b(w)o(ord)g(0)p Fz(;)7 b(E)838 1519 y Fw(?)907 -1534 y FJ(A)o(C)175 1602 y(Memory)91 b(M)114 b(A)o(C)278 b -Fz(E)175 1669 y FJ(Self)176 b(S)129 b Fz(E)307 b(E)r FJ(,)13 -b(but)i(full)d(w)o(ord)i(result)h(also)e(go)q(es)h(to)g(A)o(C)g(if)f(A)h(is)f -(non{zero)p 150 1726 706 2 v 150 1764 a Fw(?)184 1779 y FJ(In)i(section)g -(zero,)h(the)f(immediate)d(source)k(is)f(0)p Fz(;)7 b(E)16 -b FJ(in)e(all)g(cases,)i(and)f(selecting)g(the)h(left)e(half)g(of)g(the)i -(source)150 1829 y(clears)g(the)g(selected)i(half)c(of)h(the)i(destination.) -22 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)16 b(in)f(a)h(non{zero)g(section,)g(the)g(immediate)d -(left{to{)150 1879 y(left)g(transfer)i(\()p FC(XHLLI)p FJ(\))f(instead)g -(uses)h(the)f(en)o(tire)g(extended)h(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)h -Fz(E)g FJ(as)d(the)i(source,)f(and)f(it)h(th)o(us)150 1929 -y(transfers)h(the)g(section)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(\()p Fz(E)728 -1935 y Fs(L)751 1929 y FJ(\).)p 150 2255 1495 4 v 150 2180 -V 148 2253 4 75 v 1643 2253 V 688 2253 V 729 2253 V 896 2253 -V 162 2285 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -2230 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2285 y Fq(8)p 522 2253 V 24 -w(9)591 2230 y FE(A)150 2147 y Fk(HLL)234 b(Half)19 b(W)n(o)n(rd)f(Left)h(to) -g(Left)264 2229 y FJ(500)p 439 2253 V 456 2230 a FE(M)411 2285 -y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 2380 y FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)12 b(the)h(left)e(half)g(of)h(the)g -(source)i(w)o(ord)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f FE(M)19 b FJ(to)12 -b(the)h(left)f(half)f(of)g(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(destination.)18 -b(The)150 2430 y(source)c(and)f(the)g(destination)g(righ)o(t)f(half)g(are)h -(una\013ected;)h(the)g(original)c(con)o(ten)o(ts)k(of)e(the)i(destination)e -(left)h(half)150 2480 y(are)h(lost.)p eop -%%Page: 112 62 -112 61 bop 0 50 a FJ(112)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)62 247 y FB(HLL)134 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Left)1112 -b(500)62 297 y FB(HLLI)112 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Left)g(Immediate)903 -b(501)62 347 y FB(HLLM)112 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Left)g(Memory)947 -b(502)62 397 y FB(HLLS)112 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Left)g(Self)1032 -b(503)0 518 y(If)16 b(the)g(program)e(is)i(running)g(in)f(a)h(non{zero)g -(section,)h(the)f(instruction)h FC(HLLI)f FJ(is)g(called)g -FC(XHLLI)g FJ(\(see)i(b)q(elo)o(w\),)0 568 y(whic)o(h)c(p)q(erforms)f(an)h -(analogous)e(function)i(with)g(an)f(extended{immediate)g(op)q(erand)h -(\(e\013ectiv)o(e{address\).)0 654 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)k(In)13 -b(section)h(zero,)f FC(HLLI)h FJ(clears)g(A)o(C)f(left.)k(If)c -FE(A)g FJ(is)g(zero,)g FC(HLLS)i FJ(is)e(a)f(no{op;)g(otherwise,)i(it)f(is)g -(equiv)n(alen)o(t)0 704 y(to)h FC(MO)o(VE)p FJ(.)p 0 944 1495 -4 v 0 870 V -2 943 4 75 v 1493 943 V 538 943 V 579 943 V 746 -943 V 12 974 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)548 920 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 974 y Fq(8)p 372 943 -V 24 w(9)441 920 y FE(A)0 836 y Fk(HLLZ)201 b(Half)19 b(W)n(o)n(rd)f(Left)h -(to)g(Left,)f(Zeros)114 919 y FJ(510)p 289 943 V 306 920 a -FE(M)261 974 y Fq(6)24 b(7)0 1070 y FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)13 b(the)h(left)f(half)f -(of)h(the)g(source)i(w)o(ord)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e FE(M)20 -b FJ(to)13 b(the)h(left)f(half)f(of)h(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(destination)e -(and)0 1120 y(clear)g(the)f(destination)g(righ)o(t)g(half.)17 -b(The)12 b(source)i(is)e(una\013ected;)i(the)f(original)d(con)o(ten)o(ts)j -(of)f(the)h(destination)f(are)0 1169 y(lost.)62 1303 y FB(HLLZ)112 -b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Left,)g(Zeros)990 b(510)62 1353 -y FB(HLLZI)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Left,)g(Zeros,)g(Immediate)769 -b(511)62 1403 y FB(HLLZM)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Left,)g(Zeros,)g -(Memory)813 b(512)62 1452 y FB(HLLZS)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Left,)g -(Zeros,)g(Self)898 b(513)0 1572 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)18 b FC(HLLZI)d -FJ(clears)g(A)o(C.)j(If)c FE(A)f FJ(is)h(zero,)g FC(HLLZS)i -FJ(clears)f(the)f(righ)o(t)f(half)g(of)h(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)5 -b FJ(.)p 0 1821 1495 4 v 0 1746 V -2 1819 4 75 v 1493 1819 -V 538 1819 V 579 1819 V 746 1819 V 12 1850 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1796 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)344 1850 y Fq(8)p 372 1819 V 24 w(9)441 1796 y FE(A)0 1712 -y Fk(HLLO)194 b(Half)19 b(W)n(o)n(rd)f(Left)h(to)g(Left,)f(Ones)114 -1795 y FJ(520)p 289 1819 V 306 1796 a FE(M)261 1850 y Fq(6)24 -b(7)0 1946 y FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)17 b(the)i(left)e(half)g(of)g(the)h(source)h(w)o -(ord)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e FE(M)25 b FJ(to)17 b(the)i(left)e(half)g(of)g -(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(destination)0 1996 y(and)e(set)g(the)g(destination)g -(righ)o(t)f(half)g(to)g(all)g(1s.)26 b(The)18 b(source)g(is)e(una\013ected;)j -(the)f(original)c(con)o(ten)o(ts)k(of)e(the)0 2046 y(destination)e(are)g -(lost.)62 2179 y FB(HLLO)112 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Left,)g(Ones)997 -b(520)62 2229 y FB(HLLOI)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Left,)g(Ones,)g -(Immediate)776 b(521)62 2279 y FB(HLLOM)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Left,)g -(Ones,)g(Memory)820 b(522)62 2329 y FB(HLLOS)90 b FJ(Half)13 -b(Left)h(to)g(Left,)g(Ones,)g(Self)905 b(523)0 2448 y FE(Note)s -FJ(:)18 b FC(HLLOI)c FJ(sets)i(A)o(C)d(to)h(all)f(0s)h(in)f(the)i(left)e -(half,)g(all)f(1s)i(in)g(the)g(righ)o(t.)p eop -%%Page: 113 63 -113 62 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.8.)31 b(HALF{W)o(ORD)13 b(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)g -(TRANSMISSION)902 b FJ(113)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 -353 4 75 v 1643 353 V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 -a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 384 y Fq(8)p 522 353 V 24 w(9)591 -330 y FE(A)150 246 y Fk(HLLE)202 b(Half)19 b(W)n(o)n(rd)f(Left)h(to)g(Left,)f -(Extend)264 329 y FJ(530)p 439 353 V 456 330 a FE(M)411 384 -y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 480 y FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)13 b(the)h(left)f(half)f(of)h(the)g -(source)i(w)o(ord)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e FE(M)20 b FJ(to)13 -b(the)h(left)f(half)f(of)h(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(destination)e(and)150 -530 y(mak)o(e)f(all)g(bits)i(in)f(the)h(destination)f(righ)o(t)g(half)f -(equal)h(to)h(bit)f(0)g(of)g(the)h(source.)19 b(The)14 b(source)g(is)g -(una\013ected;)g(the)150 580 y(original)e(con)o(ten)o(ts)j(of)e(the)i -(destination)e(are)i(lost.)212 721 y FB(HLLE)112 b FJ(Half)13 -b(Left)h(to)g(Left,)g(Extend)956 b(530)212 771 y FB(HLLEI)90 -b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Left,)g(Extend,)g(Immediate)735 -b(531)212 821 y FB(HLLEM)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Left,)g(Extend,)g -(Memory)779 b(532)212 871 y FB(HLLES)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Left,)g -(Extend,)g(Self)864 b(533)150 990 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)18 b FC(HLLEI)d -FJ(is)e(equiv)n(alen)o(t)h(to)f FC(HLLZI)p FJ(;)i(it)e(clears)i(A)o(C.)p -150 1239 1495 4 v 150 1164 V 148 1237 4 75 v 1643 1237 V 688 -1237 V 729 1237 V 896 1237 V 162 1269 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1214 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1269 -y Fq(8)p 522 1237 V 24 w(9)591 1214 y FE(A)150 1131 y Fk(HRL)228 -b(Half)19 b(W)n(o)n(rd)f(Right)i(to)f(Left)264 1213 y FJ(504)p -439 1237 V 456 1214 a FE(M)411 1269 y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 1364 -y FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)15 b(the)h(righ)o(t)f(half)g(of)g(the)h(source)h(w)o(ord)e -(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e FE(M)23 b FJ(to)15 b(the)h(left)f(half)g(of)g(the)h -(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(destination.)150 1414 y(The)c(source)h(and)e(the)h -(destination)g(righ)o(t)f(half)f(are)i(una\013ected;)h(the)f(original)e(con)o -(ten)o(ts)j(of)e(the)h(destination)f(left)150 1464 y(half)h(are)h(lost.)212 -1597 y FB(HRL)134 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Left)1084 -b(504)212 1647 y FB(HRLI)112 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Left)g(Immediate) -875 b(505)212 1697 y FB(HRLM)112 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Left)g -(Memory)919 b(506)212 1747 y FB(HRLS)112 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Left) -g(Self)1004 b(507)p 150 2038 1495 4 v 150 1964 V 148 2037 4 -75 v 1643 2037 V 688 2037 V 729 2037 V 896 2037 V 162 2068 -a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2014 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2068 y Fq(8)p 522 2037 V 24 w(9)591 -2014 y FE(A)150 1930 y Fk(HRLZ)195 b(Half)19 b(W)n(o)n(rd)f(Right)i(to)f -(Left,)f(Zeros)264 2013 y FJ(514)p 439 2037 V 456 2014 a FE(M)411 -2068 y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 2164 y FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)12 b(the)g(righ)o(t)f(half)g(of)g -(the)h(source)h(w)o(ord)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f FE(M)19 -b FJ(to)11 b(the)i(left)e(half)g(of)g(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(destination)d -(and)150 2214 y(clear)i(the)f(destination)g(righ)o(t)g(half.)17 -b(The)12 b(source)i(is)e(una\013ected;)i(the)f(original)d(con)o(ten)o(ts)j -(of)f(the)h(destination)f(are)150 2263 y(lost.)212 2397 y FB(HRLZ)112 -b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Left,)f(Zeros)963 b(514)212 -2447 y FB(HRLZI)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Left,)f(Zeros,)i(Immediate) -741 b(515)212 2497 y FB(HRLZM)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Left,)f -(Zeros,)i(Memory)785 b(516)212 2546 y FB(HRLZS)90 b FJ(Ha1f)13 -b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Left,)f(Zeros,)i(Self)861 b(517)p eop -%%Page: 114 64 -114 63 bop 0 50 a FJ(114)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)k FC(HRLZI)c FJ(loads)g(the)g(w)o(ord) -g FE(E)5 b FJ(,0)13 b(in)o(to)g(A)o(C)h(and)g(is)g(th)o(us)g(equiv)n(alen)o -(t)f(to)h FC(MO)o(VSI)p FJ(.)p 0 444 1495 4 v 0 369 V -2 442 -4 75 v 1493 442 V 538 442 V 579 442 V 746 442 V 12 474 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 419 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)344 474 y Fq(8)p 372 442 V 24 w(9)441 419 y FE(A)0 -336 y Fk(HRLO)188 b(Half)19 b(W)n(o)n(rd)f(Right)i(to)f(Left,)f(Ones)114 -418 y FJ(524)p 289 442 V 306 419 a FE(M)261 474 y Fq(6)24 b(7)0 -569 y FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)16 b(the)h(righ)o(t)e(half)g(of)h(the)h(source)g(w)o(ord) -f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e FE(M)23 b FJ(to)16 b(the)g(left)g(half)f(of)h(the) -g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(destination)0 619 y(and)f(set)g(the)g(destination)g(righ)o -(t)f(half)g(to)g(all)g(1s.)26 b(The)18 b(source)g(is)e(una\013ected;)j(the)f -(original)c(con)o(ten)o(ts)k(of)e(the)0 669 y(destination)e(are)g(lost.)62 -803 y FB(HRLO)112 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Left,)f(Ones)970 -b(524)62 852 y FB(HRLOI)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Left,)f(Ones,)i -(Immediate)748 b(525)62 902 y FB(HRLOM)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h -(Left,)f(Ones,)i(Memory)792 b(526)62 952 y FB(HRLOS)90 b FJ(Half)13 -b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Left,)f(Ones,)i(Self)877 b(527)p 0 1243 1495 -4 v 0 1169 V -2 1242 4 75 v 1493 1242 V 538 1242 V 579 1242 -V 746 1242 V 12 1273 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 1219 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1273 y Fq(8)p -372 1242 V 24 w(9)441 1219 y FE(A)0 1135 y Fk(HRLE)196 b(Half)19 -b(W)n(o)n(rd)f(Right)i(to)f(Left,)f(Extend)114 1218 y FJ(534)p -289 1242 V 306 1219 a FE(M)261 1273 y Fq(6)24 b(7)0 1369 y -FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)16 b(the)h(righ)o(t)e(half)g(of)h(the)h(source)g(w)o(ord)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e FE(M)23 b FJ(to)16 b(the)g(left)g(half)f(of)h(the)g(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(destination)0 1419 y(and)12 b(mak)o(e)e(all)g(bits)i(in)g(the)g -(destination)g(righ)o(t)f(half)g(equal)g(to)h(bit)f(18)h(of)f(the)h(source.) -19 b(The)12 b(source)h(is)f(una\013ected;)0 1469 y(the)i(original)f(con)o -(ten)o(ts)h(of)g(the)g(destination)g(are)g(lost.)62 1610 y -FB(HRLE)112 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Left,)f(Extend)929 -b(534)62 1660 y FB(HRLEI)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Left,)f(Extend,)h -(Immediate)708 b(535)62 1710 y FB(HRLEM)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h -(Left,)f(Extend,)h(Memory)752 b(536)62 1760 y FB(HRLES)90 b -FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Left,)f(Extend,)h(Self)837 b(537)p -0 2051 1495 4 v 0 1976 V -2 2049 4 75 v 1493 2049 V 538 2049 -V 579 2049 V 746 2049 V 12 2081 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 2026 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2081 -y Fq(8)p 372 2049 V 24 w(9)441 2026 y FE(A)0 1943 y Fk(HRR)222 -b(Half)19 b(W)n(o)n(rd)f(Right)i(to)f(Right)114 2025 y FJ(540)p -289 2049 V 306 2026 a FE(M)261 2081 y Fq(6)24 b(7)0 2176 y -FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(the)g(righ)o(t)g(half)f(of)g(the)i(source)g(w)o(ord)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f FE(M)21 b FJ(to)13 b(the)i(righ)o(t)e(half)g(of)h(the)g -(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(destination.)0 2226 y(The)d(source)h(and)e(the)h -(destination)g(left)f(half)f(are)i(una\013ected;)i(the)e(original)d(con)o -(ten)o(ts)k(of)e(the)h(destination)f(righ)o(t)0 2276 y(half)h(are)h(lost.)62 -2410 y FB(HRR)134 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Righ)o(t)1055 -b(540)62 2459 y FB(HRRI)112 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Righ)o(t)e -(Immediate)848 b(541)62 2509 y FB(HRRM)112 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h -(Righ)o(t)e(Memory)892 b(542)62 2559 y FB(HRRS)112 b FJ(Half)13 -b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Righ)o(t)e(Self)977 b(543)p eop -%%Page: 115 65 -115 64 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.8.)31 b(HALF{W)o(ORD)13 b(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)g -(TRANSMISSION)902 b FJ(115)150 195 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)18 b(If)c -FE(A)f FJ(is)h(zero,)g FC(HRRS)g FJ(is)g(a)g(no{op)f(\(that)h(writes)g(in)g -(memory\);)d(otherwise,)j(it)g(is)g(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(to)g -FC(MO)o(VE)p FJ(.)p 150 446 1495 4 v 150 372 V 148 445 4 75 -v 1643 445 V 688 445 V 729 445 V 896 445 V 162 476 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 421 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)494 476 y Fq(8)p 522 445 V 24 w(9)591 421 y FE(A)150 -338 y Fk(HRRZ)189 b(Half)19 b(W)n(o)n(rd)f(Right)i(to)f(Right,)g(Zeros)264 -421 y FJ(550)p 439 445 V 129 w FE(M)411 476 y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 -572 y FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(the)i(righ)o(t)e(half)f(of)h(the)h(source)h(w)o(ord) -f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e FE(M)22 b FJ(to)14 b(the)h(righ)o(t)f(half)g(of)g -(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(destination)150 622 y(and)d(clear)h(the)g -(destination)f(left)g(half.)k(The)d(source)h(is)e(una\013ected;)h(the)g -(original)e(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(of)f(the)h(destination)150 671 -y(are)g(lost.)212 805 y FB(HRRZ)112 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Righ)o(t,) -e(Zeros)935 b(550)212 855 y FB(HRRZI)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Righ)o -(t,)e(Zeros,)i(Immediate)714 b(551)212 904 y FB(HRRZM)90 b -FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Righ)o(t,)e(Zeros,)i(Memory)758 -b(552)212 954 y FB(HRRZS)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Righ)o(t,)e -(Zeros,)i(Self)843 b(553)150 1074 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)17 b FC(HRRZI)12 -b FJ(loads)e(the)j(w)o(ord)e(0)p Fz(;)c(E)13 b FJ(in)o(to)e(A)o(C)g(and)g(is) -h(th)o(us)g(equiv)n(alen)o(t)e(to)i FC(MO)o(VEI)e FJ(and)h(to)h -FC(SETMI)f FJ(in)g(section)150 1124 y(zero.)19 b(If)13 b FE(A)h -FJ(is)g(zero,)g FC(HRRZS)g FJ(clears)h(the)g(left)e(half)g(of)g(lo)q(cation)g -FE(E)5 b FJ(.)p 150 1372 1495 4 v 150 1298 V 148 1371 4 75 -v 1643 1371 V 688 1371 V 729 1371 V 896 1371 V 162 1402 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1348 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)494 1402 y Fq(8)p 522 1371 V 24 w(9)591 1348 y -FE(A)150 1264 y Fk(HRRO)182 b(Half)19 b(W)n(o)n(rd)f(Right)i(to)f(Right,)g -(One)264 1347 y FJ(560)p 439 1371 V 456 1348 a FE(M)411 1402 -y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 1498 y FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(the)i(righ)o(t)e(half)f(of)h(the) -h(source)h(w)o(ord)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e FE(M)22 b FJ(to)14 -b(the)h(righ)o(t)f(half)g(of)g(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(destination)150 -1548 y(and)i(set)h(the)g(destination)f(left)g(half)f(to)h(all)f(1s.)30 -b(The)19 b(source)g(is)f(una\013ected;)k(the)c(original)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)i -(of)e(the)150 1597 y(destination)d(are)g(lost.)212 1731 y FB(HRRO)112 -b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Righ)o(t,)e(Ones)942 b(560)212 -1781 y FB(HRROI)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Righ)o(t,)e(Ones,)i -(Immediate)721 b(561)212 1831 y FB(HRROM)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h -(Righ)o(t,)e(Ones,)i(Memory)765 b(562)212 1880 y FB(HRROS)90 -b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Righ)o(t,)e(Ones,)i(Self)850 -b(563)p 150 2172 1495 4 v 150 2097 V 148 2170 4 75 v 1643 2170 -V 688 2170 V 729 2170 V 896 2170 V 162 2202 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2147 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)494 2202 y Fq(8)p 522 2170 V 24 w(9)591 2147 y FE(A)150 -2064 y Fk(HRRE)190 b(Half)19 b(W)n(o)n(rd)f(Right)i(to)f(Right,)g(Extend)264 -2146 y FJ(570)p 439 2170 V 456 2147 a FE(M)411 2202 y Fq(6)24 -b(7)150 2297 y FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(the)i(righ)o(t)e(half)f(of)h(the)h(source)h -(w)o(ord)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e FE(M)22 b FJ(to)14 b(the)h(righ)o(t)f -(half)g(of)g(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(destination)150 2347 y(and)d(mak)o(e)f -(all)g(bits)h(in)g(the)h(destination)f(left)g(half)g(equal)g(to)g(bit)g(18)g -(of)f(the)i(source.)19 b(The)14 b(source)h(is)e(una\013ected;)150 -2397 y(the)h(original)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)g(the)g(destination)g(are)g -(lost.)p eop -%%Page: 116 66 -116 65 bop 0 50 a FJ(116)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)62 247 y FB(HRRE)112 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Righ)o -(t,)e(Extend)901 b(570)62 297 y FB(HRREI)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h -(Righ)o(t,)e(Extend,)i(Immediate)680 b(571)62 347 y FB(HRREM)90 -b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Righ)o(t,)e(Extend,)i(Memory)724 -b(572)62 397 y FB(HRRES)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Righ)o(t)g(to)h(Righ)o(t,)e -(Extend,)i(Self)809 b(573)p 0 688 1495 4 v 0 613 V -2 686 4 -75 v 1493 686 V 538 686 V 579 686 V 746 686 V 12 718 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 663 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)344 718 y Fq(8)p 372 686 V 24 w(9)441 663 y FE(A)0 -580 y Fk(HLR)228 b(Half)19 b(W)n(o)n(rd)f(Left)h(to)g(Right)114 -663 y FJ(544)p 289 686 V 129 w FE(M)261 718 y Fq(6)24 b(7)0 -814 y FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)15 b(the)h(left)g(half)e(of)h(the)h(source)h(w)o(ord)e -(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e FE(M)23 b FJ(to)15 b(the)h(righ)o(t)f(half)g(of)g -(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(destination.)0 863 y(The)c(source)h(and)e(the)h -(destination)g(left)f(half)f(are)i(una\013ected;)i(the)e(original)d(con)o -(ten)o(ts)k(of)e(the)h(destination)f(righ)o(t)0 913 y(half)h(are)h(lost.)62 -1047 y FB(HLR)134 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Righ)o(t)1083 -b(544)62 1097 y FB(HLRl)112 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Righ)o(t)f(Immediate) -875 b(545)62 1146 y FB(HLRM)112 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Righ)o(t)f(Memory) -919 b(546)62 1196 y FB(HLRS)112 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Righ)o(t)f(Self) -1004 b(547)0 1316 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)18 b(HLRI)c(clears)g(A)o(C)g(righ)o(t.)p -0 1564 1495 4 v 0 1490 V -2 1563 4 75 v 1493 1563 V 538 1563 -V 579 1563 V 746 1563 V 12 1594 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1540 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1594 -y Fq(8)p 372 1563 V 24 w(9)441 1540 y FE(A)0 1456 y Fk(HLRZ)195 -b(Half)19 b(W)n(o)n(rd)f(Left)h(to)g(Right,)g(Zeros)114 1539 -y FJ(554)p 289 1563 V 306 1540 a FE(M)261 1594 y Fq(6)24 b(7)0 -1690 y FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)16 b(the)h(left)f(half)f(of)g(the)i(source)g(w)o(ord)f -(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e FE(M)23 b FJ(to)16 b(the)h(righ)o(t)e(half)g(of)h -(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(destination)0 1740 y(and)13 b(clear)h(the)g -(destination)f(left)g(half.)k(The)d(source)h(is)e(una\013ected;)h(the)g -(original)e(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(of)f(the)h(destination)0 1789 -y(are)g(lost.)62 1923 y FB(HLRZ)112 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Righ)o(t,)e -(Zeros)963 b(554)62 1973 y FB(HLRZI)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Righ)o(t,)e -(Zeros,)j(Immediate)741 b(555)62 2023 y FB(HLRZM)90 b FJ(Half)13 -b(Left)h(to)g(Righ)o(t,)e(Zeros,)j(Memory)785 b(556)62 2072 -y FB(HLRZS)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Righ)o(t,)e(Zeros,)j(Self)870 -b(557)0 2192 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)18 b(HLRZI)c(clears)h(A)o(C)e(and)h(is)g(th)o -(us)g(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(to)h(HLLZI.)p 0 2441 1495 4 v 0 2366 -V -2 2439 4 75 v 1493 2439 V 538 2439 V 579 2439 V 746 2439 -V 12 2471 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -2416 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2471 y Fq(8)p 372 2439 V 24 -w(9)441 2416 y FE(A)0 2333 y Fk(HLRO)188 b(Half)19 b(W)n(o)n(rd)f(Left)h(to)g -(Right,)g(Ones)114 2415 y FJ(564)p 289 2439 V 306 2416 a FE(M)261 -2471 y Fq(6)24 b(7)0 2566 y FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(the)g(left)f(half)g(of)g(the)i -(source)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)e FE(M)21 b FJ(to)14 b(the)g(righ)o(t)f -(half)g(of)g(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(destination)e(and)h(set)0 -2616 y(the)h(destination)g(left)f(half)g(to)g(all)f(1s.)21 -b(The)15 b(source)h(is)e(una\013ected;)i(the)f(original)e(con)o(ten)o(ts)j -(of)e(the)h(destination)p eop -%%Page: 117 67 -117 66 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.8.)31 b(HALF{W)o(ORD)13 b(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)g -(TRANSMISSION)902 b FJ(117)150 195 y(are)14 b(lost.)212 329 -y FB(HLRO)112 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Righ)o(t,)e(Ones)970 -b(564)212 378 y FB(HLROI)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Righ)o(t,)e(Ones,)j -(Immediate)748 b(565)212 428 y FB(HLROM)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Righ)o -(t,)e(Ones,)j(Memory)792 b(566)212 478 y FB(HLROS)90 b FJ(Half)13 -b(Left)h(to)g(Righ)o(t,)e(Ones,)j(Self)877 b(567)150 597 y -FE(Note)s FJ(:)18 b FC(HLROI)c FJ(sets)h(A)o(C)f(to)f(all)g(1s)h(in)f(the)i -(left)f(half,)e(all)h(0s)h(in)f(the)i(righ)o(t.)p 150 846 1495 -4 v 150 772 V 148 845 4 75 v 1643 845 V 688 845 V 729 845 V -896 845 V 162 876 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)698 822 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 876 y Fq(8)p 522 845 -V 24 w(9)591 822 y FE(A)150 738 y Fk(HLRE)196 b(Half)19 b(W)n(o)n(rd)f(Left)h -(to)g(Right,)g(Extend)264 821 y FJ(574)p 439 845 V 456 822 -a FE(M)411 876 y Fq(6)24 b(7)150 972 y FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)16 b(the)h(left)f(half)f -(of)g(the)i(source)g(w)o(ord)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e FE(M)23 -b FJ(to)16 b(the)h(righ)o(t)e(half)g(of)h(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(destination) -150 1022 y(and)c(mak)o(e)f(all)g(bits)i(in)f(the)h(destination)f(left)g(half) -f(equal)h(to)g(bit)h(0)f(of)f(the)i(source.)21 b(The)15 b(source)h(is)e -(una\013ected;)150 1071 y(the)g(original)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)g(the)g -(destination)g(are)g(lost.)212 1213 y FB(HLRE)112 b FJ(Half)13 -b(Left)h(to)g(Righ)o(t,)e(Extend)929 b(574)212 1263 y FB(HLREI)90 -b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Righ)o(t,)e(Extend,)i(Immediate)708 -b(575)212 1313 y FB(HLREM)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Righ)o(t,)e(Extend,)i -(Memory)752 b(576)212 1362 y FB(HLRES)90 b FJ(Half)13 b(Left)h(to)g(Righ)o -(t,)e(Extend,)i(Self)837 b(577)150 1482 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)18 -b FC(HRLEI)c FJ(is)g(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(to)h FC(HLRZI)p FJ(;)g(it)f(clears)i -(A)o(C.)150 1642 y(The)g(half{w)o(ord)e(transmission)g(instructions)i(are)f -(v)o(ery)h(useful)f(for)g(handling)f(addresses,)j(and)e(they)h(pro)o(vide)f -(a)150 1692 y(con)o(v)o(enien)o(t)i(means)e(of)g(setting)i(up)f(an)g(accum)o -(ulator)f(whose)i(righ)o(t)e(half)g(is)h(to)g(b)q(e)h(used)g(for)f(indexing)g -(while)f(a)150 1742 y(con)o(trol)e(coun)o(t)h(is)f(k)o(ept)g(in)g(the)h(left) -f(half.)17 b(F)m(or)12 b(example,)e(this)j(pair)f(of)f(instructions)i(loads)f -(the)h(18{bit)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)150 1792 y FE(M)21 b FJ(and)14 -b FE(N)20 b FJ(in)o(to)13 b(the)i(left)e(and)h(righ)o(t)g(halv)o(es,)f(resp)q -(ectiv)o(ely)m(,)h(of)g(accum)o(ulator)e FC(XR)p FJ(.)324 1916 -y FB(HRLZI)65 b(XR,)p Fz(M)324 1966 y FB(HRRI)87 b(XR,)p Fz(N)150 -2126 y FJ(It)18 b(is)f(not)g(necessary)j(to)d(clear)h(the)g(other)g(half)f -(of)g FC(XR)g FJ(when)h(loading)e(the)i(\014rst)g(half)e(w)o(ord.)29 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)18 b(an)o(y)150 2176 y(memory)c(instruction)j(that)g(mo)q -(di\014es)f(the)h(other)g(half)f(is)h(faster)g(than)g(the)g(corresp)q(onding) -h(instruction)f(that)150 2226 y(do)q(es)11 b(not,)f(b)q(ecause)i(the)e -(latter)g(m)o(ust)f(fetc)o(h)i(the)f(destination)g(w)o(ord)g(in)f(order)i(to) -f(sa)o(v)o(e)g(half)f(of)g(it.)17 b(\(The)10 b(di\013erence)150 -2276 y(do)q(es)15 b(not)e(apply)h(to)f(self)h(mo)q(de,)f(for)g(here)i(the)g -(source)g(and)f(destination)f(are)i(the)f(same.\))150 2361 -y(Supp)q(ose)e(that)f(at)g(some)g(p)q(oin)o(t)f(one)i(wishes)g(to)f(use)h -(the)f(t)o(w)o(o)g(halv)o(es)g(of)g FC(XR)f FJ(indep)q(enden)o(tly)i(as)g(op) -q(erands)g(\(tak)o(en)150 2411 y(as)j(18{bit)f(p)q(ositiv)o(e)g(n)o(um)o(b)q -(ers\))h(for)f(computations.)20 b(One)c(can)f(b)q(egin)f(b)o(y)h(mo)o(ving)d -(the)k(left)e(half)g(of)g FC(XR)h FJ(to)f(the)150 2461 y(righ)o(t)f(half)g -(of)h(another)g(accum)o(ulator)e FC(A)o(C)h FJ(and)h(isolating)e(the)j(righ)o -(t)e(half)g(of)g FC(XR)h FJ(in)f FC(XR)p FJ(.)p eop -%%Page: 118 68 -118 67 bop 0 50 a FJ(118)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)174 245 y FB(HLRZM)65 b(XR,AC)195 b(;Copy)21 -b(XR)g(\(left)g(half\))f(to)i(AC)f(\(right)g(half\))174 295 -y(HLLI)87 b(XR,)239 b(;Clear)20 b(XR)i(\(left)e(half\).)0 521 -y FF(2.8.1)55 b(Extended)18 b(Half{W)-5 b(ord)18 b(Left)g(to)h(Left)e -(Immediate)0 634 y FJ(The)11 b(follo)o(wing)e(instruction)i(uses)h(a)f -(half{w)o(ord)e(transfer)j(for)f(inserting)g(the)h(section)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er) -g(that)g(results)h(from)0 684 y(an)i(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)i(calculation)d -(in)o(to)g(the)i(left)e(half)g(of)g(an)h(accum)o(ulator.)p -0 924 1495 4 v 0 850 V -2 923 4 75 v 1493 923 V 538 923 V 579 -923 V 746 923 V 12 954 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 900 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 954 y Fq(8)p -372 923 V 24 w(9)441 900 y FE(A)0 816 y Fk(XHLLI)181 b(Extended)19 -b(Half)g(W)n(o)n(rd)f(Left)h(to)g(Left)f(Immediate)156 899 -y FJ(501)0 1050 y(If)11 b(the)i(program)d(is)i(running)f(in)h(a)f(non{zero)i -(section,)f(clear)h(A)o(C)e(bits)h(0{5)f(and)h(place)g(the)g(section)h(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)e(\(the)0 1100 y(left)i(part\))g(of)f(the)h(e\013ectiv)o -(e{address)i FE(E)j FJ(in)13 b(A)o(C)f(bits)h(6{17.)k(If)12 -b FE(E)18 b FJ(is)13 b(a)f(lo)q(cal)g(A)o(C)h(address,)h(the)f(section)h(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)0 1149 y(is)g(1.)j(A)o(C)d(righ)o(t)g(is)f(una\013ected;)i(the)g -(original)d(con)o(ten)o(ts)j(of)e(A)o(C)h(left)g(are)g(lost.)0 -1235 y(If)c(the)h(program)f(is)g(running)g(in)h(section)g(zero,)h(this)e -(instruction)h(is)g(called)f FC(HLLI)p FJ(,)h(whic)o(h)g(p)q(erforms)f(an)g -(analogous)0 1285 y(function)k(for)f(section)i(zero)f(\(it)g(mo)o(v)o(es)f(a) -g(zero)i(section)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er\).)0 1370 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)25 -b(The)18 b(section)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(giv)o(en)h(for)g(a)g(lo)q(cal)f(A)o(C) -i(address)g(is)f(that)h(of)e(a)h(global)f(A)o(C)h(address.)30 -b(Giving)0 1420 y FC(XHLLI)15 b FJ(with)f(an)h(address)g(20)f(or)h(greater)g -(without)g(indexing)e(or)i(indirection)f(places)h(the)h(curren)o(t)g(PC)e -(section)0 1470 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(in)h(A)o(C)f(left.)18 b(Th)o(us,)c(it)f -(can)h(b)q(e)h(used)g(to)f(determine)f(in)h(what)g(section)g(the)h(program)d -(is)i(executing.)0 1643 y FA(2.9)70 b(Program)22 b(Con)n(trol)0 -1770 y FJ(A)9 b(program)f(con)o(trol)h(instruction)h(is)f(one)h(that)f(in)g -(some)f(w)o(a)o(y)h(a\013ects)i(the)f(sequence)h(in)e(whic)o(h)g -(instructions)h(in)f(the)0 1819 y(program)j(are)i(p)q(erformed.)k(Most)c(suc) -o(h)g(instructions)g(are)h(actually)d(describ)q(ed)k(in)d(some)g(other)h -(category)m(,)f(suc)o(h)0 1869 y(as)e(the)h(arithmetic)e(and)g(logical)g -(testing)h(instructions)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f(or)g(the)g(y)o(et{to{b)q(e)h -(discussed)g(stac)o(k)g(instructions,)0 1919 y(UUOs,)17 b(string{compare)f -(instructions,)h(and)f(the)g(condition)g(IO)g(instructions)h(that)f(test)i -(device)f(\015ags.)25 b(The)0 1969 y(presen)o(t)16 b(section)e(discusses)i -(the)f(program)d(\015ags,)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)h(trapping,)f(and)h(all)e -(program)h(con)o(trol)g(instructions)0 2019 y(that)18 b(do)h(not)f(b)q(elong) -g(to)g(some)g(other)h(class.)32 b(Most)19 b(of)f(these)i(are)e(sp)q -(eci\014cally)h(for)f(handling)f(subroutines.)0 2069 y(All)g(but)h(one)g(are) -g(jumps,)f(although)g(the)i(exception)f(causes)i(the)e(pro)q(cessor)i(to)e -(execute)h(an)f(instruction)g(at)0 2118 y(an)d(arbitrary)h(lo)q(cation)e(and) -i(ma)o(y)d(therefore)k(b)q(e)f(regarded)h(as)e(a)h(jump)d(with)j(an)f -(immedia)o(te)e(and)j(automatic)0 2168 y(return.)23 b(All)15 -b(but)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(of)g(the)h(jumps)e(are)h(unconditional;)g(one)g -(exception)h(tests)h(sev)o(eral)f(program)d(\015ags,)i(the)0 -2218 y(other)g(tests)g(an)e(accum)o(ulator.)0 2304 y(When)d(an)g(instruction) -h(mak)o(es)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(lea)o(v)o(e)e(the)h(normal)d(program)g -(sequence)13 b(to)d(jump)e(to)i(a)g(subroutine)0 2353 y(or)h(call)e(the)i -(Monitor,)g(it)f(m)o(ust)f(sa)o(v)o(e)i(information)d(su\016cien)o(t)j(to)f -(allo)o(w)f(a)h(later)h(return)h(to)e(the)h(original)e(program.)0 -2403 y(Suc)o(h)21 b(instructions)g(generally)g(sa)o(v)o(e)f(the)i(states)f -(of)f(the)i(program)d(\015ags)h(and)g(the)i(lo)q(cation)d(at)i(whic)o(h)f -(the)0 2453 y(disruption)15 b(in)g(the)h(normal)d(sequence)k(o)q(ccurred.)24 -b(Sa)o(ving)14 b(the)i(program)e(p)q(osition)g(is)i(referred)h(to)e(as)g -(\\sa)o(ving)0 2503 y(PC,")c(although)f(the)i(quan)o(tit)o(y)f(actually)g(sa) -o(v)o(ed)g(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(the)g(v)n(alue)f(curren)o(tly)h(con)o(tained)f -(in)g(PC)h(or)f(an)h(address)0 2553 y(1)17 b(greater)g(than)g(that,)g(dep)q -(ending)h(on)e(the)i(circumstances.)28 b(F)m(or)16 b(example,)g(the)h(same)f -(instruction)h(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)0 2602 y(used)f(to)f(call)g(a)g(subroutine)h -(in)f(a)g(program)e(or)j(to)f(call)f(a)h(service)i(routine)f(in)e(an)i(in)o -(terrupt.)k(When)c(a)f(return)h(is)p eop -%%Page: 119 69 -119 68 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.9.)31 b(PR)o(OGRAM)13 b(CONTR)o(OL)1194 -b FJ(119)150 195 y(later)13 b(made)e(using)h(the)i(sa)o(v)o(ed)e(address)i -(in)e(the)i(subroutine)f(case,)g(the)h(instruction)e(that)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(PC) -g(should)f(not)150 245 y(b)q(e)i(rep)q(eated|the)i(return)f(should)e(b)q(e)i -(made)d(instead)i(to)g(the)g(instruction)g(follo)o(wing)d(it)i(in)h(normal)d -(sequence;)150 295 y(i.e.,)k(the)i(instruction)f(at)g(the)h(address)h(1)d -(greater)j(than)e(that)g(originally)e(in)h(PC.)25 b(In)16 b(the)h(in)o -(terrupt)g(case,)g(on)150 345 y(the)h(other)h(hand,)f(a)g(subsequen)o(t)h -(return)g(has)f(nothing)f(to)h(do)g(with)f(the)i(instruction)f(that)g(sa)o(v) -o(ed)g(PC|the)150 394 y(return)g(should)f(b)q(e)h(made)e(to)h(the)g(in)o -(terrupted)i(instruction,)f(the)f(one)h(PC)f(p)q(oin)o(ted)g(at)g(when)g(the) -h(in)o(terrupt)150 444 y(o)q(ccurred.)j(Both)14 b(cases)i(are)e(co)o(v)o -(ered)h(in)f(the)h(instruction)f(descriptions)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(phrase)g(\\sa)o -(v)o(e)f(PC,")f(and)h(it)g(is)150 494 y(to)d(b)q(e)i(assumed)e(that)g(the)i -(address)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)e(is)h(the)g(one)g(appropriate)f(to)h(the)g(situation) -f(in)g(whic)o(h)g(the)i(instruction)150 544 y(is)h(giv)o(en.)150 -629 y(Sometimes)e(regarded)i(as)g(program)e(con)o(trol,)h(in)g(a)g(somewhat)g -(trivial)f(sense,)j(are)f(those)g(instructions)h(that)e(do)150 -679 y(nothing.)k(The)12 b(most)f(commonl)o(y)e(used)k(no{op)e(is)g -FC(JF)o(CL)p FJ(,)g(whic)o(h)h(is)f(describ)q(ed)j(here.)k(Other)13 -b(no{ops)f(are)g(among)150 729 y(the)f(testing)g(and)g(Bo)q(olean)f -(instructions)i(discussed)g(previously:)k FC(SET)m(A)p FJ(,)10 -b FC(SET)m(AI)p FJ(,)f FC(SETMM)p FJ(,)i FC(CAI)p FJ(,)e FC(CAM)p -FJ(,)g FC(JUMP)p FJ(,)150 779 y FC(TRN)p FJ(,)17 b FC(TLN)p -FJ(,)g FC(TDN)p FJ(,)g(and)g FC(TSN)p FJ(.)663 764 y Fs(38)725 -779 y FJ(Of)g(these,)h FC(SET)m(A)p FJ(,)e FC(SET)m(AI)p FJ(,)f -FC(CAI)p FJ(,)g FC(JUMP)p FJ(,)g FC(TRN)p FJ(,)i(and)f FC(TLN)i -FJ(are)g(preferred,)150 829 y(b)q(ecause)e(they)e(do)g(not)f(use)i(the)g -(calculated)f(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)i(to)e(reference)i(memory)m(.)150 -981 y FF(2.9.1)55 b(The)19 b(Execute)e(Instruction)150 1093 -y FJ(This)j(instruction)h(allo)o(ws)e(the)i(programmer)d(to)i(execute)i(the)f -(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(an)o(y)f(memory)f(lo)q(cation)i(as)g(an)150 -1143 y(instruction)14 b(without)g(altering)f(the)i(normal)c(program)i(coun)o -(ting)g(sequence)j(to)e(do)g(it.)p 150 1392 1495 4 v 150 1317 -V 148 1390 4 75 v 1643 1390 V 688 1390 V 729 1390 V 896 1390 -V 162 1421 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -1367 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1421 y Fq(8)p 522 1390 V 24 -w(9)591 1367 y FE(A)150 1283 y Fk(X)n(CT)225 b(Execute)306 -1366 y FJ(256)150 1517 y(If)15 b FE(A)f FJ(is)h(zero)h(or)f(the)g(pro)q -(cessor)i(is)e(in)f(user)j(mo)q(de)c(or)i(is)g(a)g(KA10,)f(execute)j(the)f -(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)20 b FJ(\(the)150 -1567 y(\\target)13 b(instruction"\))g(as)f(an)h(instruction.)852 -1552 y Fs(39)905 1567 y FJ(An)o(y)f(instruction)h(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(executed,) -i(including)c(another)i FC(X)o(CT)p FJ(.)150 1617 y(If)f(an)f -FC(X)o(CT)h FJ(executes)i(a)e(skip)g(instruction,)g(the)g(skip)g(is)g -(relativ)o(e)g(to)g(the)h(lo)q(cation)e(of)g(the)i FC(X)o(CT)e -FJ(\(the)i(\014rst)g FC(X)o(CT)e FJ(if)150 1666 y(there)j(are)g(sev)o(eral)f -(in)g(a)f(c)o(hain\).)18 b(If)13 b(an)f FC(X)o(CT)h FJ(executes)i(a)e(jump,)e -(program)g(\015o)o(w)i(is)f(altered)i(as)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)d(the)150 -1716 y(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)17 b(of)d(the)h(jump)e(instruction.)20 -b(If)14 b(an)g FC(X)o(CT)g FJ(executes)j(a)d(jump)f(that)h(sa)o(v)o(es)h(the) -g(PC,)g(the)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)150 1766 y(PC)f(con)o(tains)f(an)g(address)i(1)e -(greater)h(than)g(the)g(lo)q(cation)e(of)h(the)h FC(X)o(CT)e -FJ(\(the)j(\014rst)f FC(X)o(CT)e FJ(if)h(there)i(are)e(sev)o(eral)h(in)150 -1816 y(a)g(c)o(hain\).)150 1901 y(In)g(an)g(extended)h(pro)q(cessor,)g(if)e -(the)i(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)h(of)e(the)g FC(X)o(CT)f FJ(is)h(in)f(a)h -(di\013eren)o(t)h(section)f(than)g(the)h(PC's)150 1951 y(section,)f(then)h -(the)f(target)g(instruction's)h(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)h(computation)c(b)q -(egins)i(as)g(a)g(lo)q(cal)f(address)i(in)e(the)150 2001 y(target)k -(instruction's)f(section.)26 b(F)m(or)15 b(example,)g(if)h(the)h(PC)f(con)o -(tains)g(an)g(address)h(in)f(section)h(7)f(and)g(lo)q(cation)150 -2051 y(2001234)c(con)o(tains)h FC(JRST)h(500)f FJ(then,)h(when)g(the)g -(instruction)g FC(X)o(CT)f(@[2001234])f FJ(is)h(p)q(erformed,)g(the)h(pro)q -(cessor)150 2101 y(will)e(con)o(tin)o(ue)i(with)f(2000500)f(in)i(PC;)f(i.e.,) -f(the)j FC(JRST)e FJ(instruction)h(sp)q(eci\014es)i(the)e(lo)q(cal)f(address) -i(500)e(whic)o(h)g(is)150 2151 y(in)o(terpreted)j(as)e(b)q(eing)f(in)h(the)g -(section)h(con)o(taining)e(the)h(target)h(instruction.)1389 -2135 y Fs(40)150 2236 y FJ(In)e(an)g(extended)h(pro)q(cessor,)h(when)e(an)g -FC(X)o(CT)f FJ(executes)j(a)e(stac)o(k)h(instruction)f(that)g(uses)h(a)f(lo)q -(cal)f(stac)o(k)h(p)q(oin)o(ter,)p 150 2271 720 2 v 181 2298 -a Fr(38)214 2309 y Fq(KA10)d(instruction)d(co)q(des)i(247)h(and)f(257)g(are)h -(reserv)o(ed)e(for)i(instructions)d(installed)h(sp)q(ecially)g(for)i(a)g -(particular)d(system.)14 b(They)150 2349 y(execute)9 b(as)i(no{ops)e(when)i -(run)f(on)g(a)h(KA10)h(that)e(con)o(tains)f(no)h(sp)q(ecial)g(hardw)o(are)f -(for)h(them,)g(but)g(for)h(program)d(compatibilit)o(y)f(it)150 -2388 y(is)k(advised)f(that)h(they)f(not)h(b)q(e)g(used)f(regularly)f(as)j -(no{ops.)181 2416 y Fr(39)214 2428 y Fh(Caution)s Fq(:)21 b(In)14 -b(a)g(priv)n(ate)f(program)f(\(concealed)g(or)i(k)o(ernel)f(mo)q(de\))f(on)i -(the)g(KI10,)h(nev)o(er)e(giv)o(e)h(an)g(X)o(CT)i(that)d(executes)g(an)150 -2467 y(instruction)c(in)i(a)g(public)f(page.)k(It)d(do)q(es)g(not)g(w)o(ork.) -181 2495 y Fr(40)214 2507 y Fq(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)17 b(when)f(the)f(target)g -(instruction)f(traps)h(to)h(the)g(Monitor)f(\(b)q(ecause)f(it)i(is)g(an)g -(MUUO)j(or)d(JSYS)g(or)g(b)q(ecause)f(of)150 2546 y(arithmetic)10 -b(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)h(or)h(stac)o(k)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w\),)h(then)f(the)h -(fact)f(that)h(the)g(instruction)d(came)i(from)h(a)g(section)f(di\013eren)o -(t)f(than)i(the)g(PC)150 2586 y(section)7 b(is)h(discarded)e(b)o(y)i(the)g -(hardw)o(are.)13 b(Th)o(us,)c(parameters)c(to)j(JSYS)h(or)f(MUUO)i -(functions,)d(if)h(lo)q(cal)g(addresses,)f(are)g(in)o(terpreted)150 -2625 y(b)q(eing)j(in)h(the)g(PC)h(section.)p eop -%%Page: 120 70 -120 69 bop 0 50 a FJ(120)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(the)j(stac)o(k)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(is)f(in)o -(terpreted)h(as)g(b)q(eing)f(in)f(the)i(PC)f(section)h(\(rather)g(than)f(b)q -(eing)g(in)g(the)h(section)g(from)0 245 y(whic)o(h)d(the)g(target)h -(instruction)f(w)o(as)g(fetc)o(hed\).)0 330 y(In)i(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de)d -(this)i(instruction)g(p)q(erforms)f(as)g(stated)i(only)d(when)i -FE(A)f FJ(is)h(zero.)1387 315 y Fs(41)1449 330 y FJ(Non{zero)g -FE(A)f FJ(results)0 380 y(in)d(a)h(so{called)f(\\previous{con)o(text)h -FC(X)o(CT)p FJ(")f(or)g FC(PX)o(CT)p FJ(,)f(whose)j(rami\014cations)c(are)j -(far)g(more)e(widespread)j(than)0 430 y(indicated)i(here.)28 -b FC(PX)o(CT)16 b FJ(is)g(a)h(v)o(ery)g(sp)q(ecial)g(instruction)g(for)g(the) -g(exclusiv)o(e)h(use)g(of)e(the)h(Monitor,)g(and)g(it)f(is)0 -480 y(describ)q(ed)c(in)e(the)h(section)g(on)g(memory)c(managemen)o(t)h(in)i -(the)h(system)g(op)q(erations)f(c)o(hapter)i(for)e(eac)o(h)h(pro)q(cessor.)0 -632 y FF(2.9.2)55 b(Conditional)19 b(Jumps)p 0 909 1495 4 v -0 834 V -2 908 4 75 v 1493 908 V 538 908 V 579 908 V 746 908 -V 12 939 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -884 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 939 y Fq(8)p 372 908 V 24 w(9)441 -884 y FE(A)0 801 y Fk(JFF)n(O)208 b(Jump)17 b(if)i(Find)g(First)g(One)156 -884 y FJ(243)0 1035 y(If)d(A)o(C)f(con)o(tains)h(zero,)h(clear)f(A)o(C+1)g -(and)g(go)f(on)h(to)g(the)g(next)h(instruction)f(in)g(sequence.)26 -b(If)16 b(A)o(C)f(con)o(tains)h(a)0 1084 y(non{zero)d(v)n(alue,)f(coun)o(t)h -(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g(leading)g(0s)h(in)f(it)g(\(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)e(of)g(0s)h(to)g(the)g(left)g(of)f(the)h(leftmost)f(1\),)0 -1134 y(and)k(place)f(the)i(coun)o(t)f(in)f(A)o(C+1.)23 b(T)m(ak)o(e)15 -b(the)i(next)f(instruction)g(from)e(lo)q(cation)h FE(E)21 b -FJ(and)15 b(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(sequen)o(tial)0 1184 y(op)q(eration)e(from)e -(there.)19 b(In)14 b(either)h(case)g(A)o(C)f(is)f(una\013ected;)i(the)g -(original)d(con)o(ten)o(ts)j(of)e(A)o(C+1)h(are)g(lost.)0 1270 -y FE(Note)s FJ(:)k(When)13 b(A)o(C)g(is)g(negativ)o(e,)g(the)h(second)g -(accum)o(ulator)e(is)h(cleared,)h(just)f(as)h(it)f(w)o(ould)f(b)q(e)i(if)e(A) -o(C)h(w)o(ere)i(zero.)0 1319 y(\(But)g(the)f(instruction)g(jumps.\))0 -1405 y(T)m(o)f(left{normalize)f(a)h(p)q(ositiv)o(e)h(in)o(teger)g(in)g(A)o(C) -g(use)174 1529 y FB(JFFO)87 b(AC,.+1)174 1579 y(LSH)109 b(AC,-1\(AC+1\))p -0 1895 1495 4 v 0 1820 V -2 1893 4 75 v 1493 1893 V 538 1893 -V 579 1893 V 746 1893 V 12 1925 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1870 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1925 -y Fq(8)p 372 1893 V 24 w(9)443 1870 y FE(F)0 1787 y Fk(JF)n(CL)214 -b(Jump)17 b(on)i(Flag)h(and)e(Clea)n(r)156 1869 y FJ(255)0 -2020 y(If)d(an)o(y)f(\015ag)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)d FE(F)21 -b FJ(is)15 b(set,)h(clear)f(it)g(and)g(tak)o(e)g(the)h(next)f(instruction)h -(from)d(lo)q(cation)h FE(E)5 b FJ(,)15 b(con)o(tin)o(uing)0 -2070 y(sequen)o(tial)f(op)q(eration)g(from)e(there.)19 b(Bits)14 -b(9{12)f(are)i(programmed)c(as)j(follo)o(ws.)619 2153 y FE(Bit)145 -b(Flag)15 b(Sele)n(cte)n(d)g(by)g(a)g(1)645 2221 y FJ(9)154 -b(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)624 2270 y(10)g(Carry)14 b(0)624 2320 y(11)154 -b(Carry)14 b(1)624 2370 y(12)154 b(Floating)13 b(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)0 -2454 y(T)m(o)h(select)i(one)f(or)f(a)h(com)o(bination)d(of)i(these)i -(\015ags,)e(the)i(programmer)c(can)j(sp)q(ecify)g(the)h(equiv)n(alen)o(t)e -(of)g(an)g(A)o(C)0 2503 y(address)19 b(that)f(places)g(1s)g(in)f(the)i -(appropriate)f(bits.)29 b(The)19 b FD(Ma)o(cr)o(o)f FJ(assem)o(bler)f -(recognizes)j(mnemonics)15 b(for)p 0 2538 720 2 v 31 2565 a -Fr(41)64 2577 y Fq(The)10 b(KA10)h(lac)o(ks)f(previous{co)o(n)o(te)o(xt)d -(capabilit)o(y)m(.)13 b(On)e(that)e(pro)q(cessor)f(and)i(in)g(user)g(mo)q(de) -f(on)h(an)o(y)g(pro)q(cessor,)f Fh(A)i Fq(is)f(ignored,)0 2616 -y(but)h(it)g(is)g(reserv)o(ed)f(and)h(should)e(b)q(e)i(zero.)p -eop -%%Page: 121 71 -121 70 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.9.)31 b(PR)o(OGRAM)13 b(CONTR)o(OL)1194 -b FJ(121)150 195 y(some)13 b(of)g(the)i(13{bit)e(instruction)h(co)q(des)h -(\(bits)f(0{12\).)451 280 y(JF)o(CL)105 b(JF)o(CL)14 b(0,)118 -b(No{op)502 b(25500)451 330 y(JO)o(V)125 b(JF)o(CL)14 b(10,)97 -b(Jump)13 b(on)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)285 b(25540)451 380 y(JCR)m(Y0)77 -b(JF)o(CL)14 b(4,)118 b(Jump)13 b(on)h(Carry)g(0)305 b(25520)451 -430 y(JCR)m(Y1)77 b(JF)o(CL)14 b(2,)118 b(Jump)13 b(on)h(Cary)g(1)321 -b(25510)451 479 y(JCR)m(Y)98 b(JF)o(CL)14 b(6,)118 b(Jump)13 -b(on)h(Carry)g(0)f(or)h(1)220 b(25530)451 529 y(JF)o(O)o(V)99 -b(JF)o(CL)14 b(1,)118 b(Jump)13 b(on)h(Floating)e(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)120 -b(25504)150 613 y(The)13 b(\015ags)g(tested)h(b)o(y)e FC(JF)o(CL)g -FJ(are)h(describ)q(ed)i(in)d(detail)g(in)g(the)h(next)h(section,)f(\\Program) -e(Flags".)17 b(This)12 b(instruc-)150 663 y(tion)g(can)g(b)q(e)h(used)g(to)f -(clear)g(the)h(selected)h(\015ags)e(b)o(y)g(ha)o(ving)f(the)i(jump)d(address) -k(p)q(oin)o(t)d(to)h(the)h(next)g(consecutiv)o(e)150 713 y(lo)q(cation,)g(as) -g(in)324 837 y FB(JFCL)87 b(17,.+1)150 997 y FJ(whic)o(h)13 -b(clears)h(all)f(four)g(\015ags)g(without)g(disrupting)g(the)h(normal)e -(program)g(sequence.)20 b(A)13 b FC(JF)o(CL)g FJ(that)g(selects)i(no)150 -1047 y(\015ag)d(is)f(often)h(used)h(as)f(a)g(no{op)f(b)q(ecause)j(it)e -(neither)h(fetc)o(hes)g(nor)f(stores)h(an)f(op)q(erand;)h(in)e(this)h(case,)h -(bits)f(18{35)150 1097 y(of)h(the)i(instruction)f(w)o(ord)g(can)g(b)q(e)g -(used)h(to)f(store)h(information.)150 1183 y FC(JF)o(CL)g FJ(is)g(the)i(only) -e(jump)f(that)i(can)f(test)i(an)o(y)f(of)f(the)h(\015ags.)23 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)17 b(it)e(can)h(test)h(only)e(four)g(of)g(them,)g(and)150 -1232 y(it)i(sa)o(v)o(es)i(no)e(information)e(for)j(a)f(subsequen)o(t)j -(return)f(from)d(a)i(subroutine.)30 b(Hence,)20 b(it)e(serv)o(es)h(as)f(a)g -(branc)o(h)150 1282 y(p)q(oin)o(t)g(for)h(en)o(try)g(in)o(to)f(either)i(one)f -(of)f(t)o(w)o(o)g(main)f(paths,)j(whic)o(h)e(ma)o(y)f(or)i(ma)o(y)e(not)h(ha) -o(v)o(e)h(a)f(later)h(p)q(oin)o(t)f(in)150 1332 y(common.)d(F)m(or)f -(example,)e(it)h(ma)o(y)f(test)j(the)f(carry)h(\015ags)e(for)h(the)g(purp)q -(ose)h(of)f(taking)f(appropriate)g(action)h(in)f(a)150 1382 -y(m)o(ultiple{precision)f(\014xed{p)q(oin)o(t)h(routine.)150 -1534 y FF(2.9.3)55 b(Program)18 b(Flags)150 1646 y FJ(When)13 -b(an)g(instruction)h(sa)o(v)o(es)f(the)h(program)e(\015ags,)g(it)h(loads)g -(their)g(states)i(in)o(to)d(bits)h(0{12)f(of)h(a)g(w)o(ord)g(as)g(sho)o(wn) -150 1696 y(here)p 150 1781 1790 2 v 149 1824 2 44 v 157 1811 -a Fq(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)p 299 1824 V 427 1824 V 556 1824 V 705 -1824 V 834 1824 V 963 1824 V 709 w(User)p 1112 1824 V 1253 -1824 V 1403 1824 V 1531 1824 V 1660 1824 V 1810 1824 V 1938 -1824 V 149 1868 V 299 1868 V 427 1868 V 556 1868 V 705 1868 -V 733 1855 a(First)p 834 1868 V 963 1868 V 175 w(In{Out)p 1112 -1868 V 1253 1868 V 172 w(Address)p 1403 1868 V 1531 1868 V -1660 1868 V 280 w(Floating)p 1810 1868 V 1938 1868 V 150 1869 -150 2 v 964 1869 V 149 1911 2 44 v 158 1898 a(Previous)p 299 -1911 V 26 w(Carry)p 427 1911 V 39 w(Carry)p 556 1911 V 29 w(Floating)p -705 1911 V 39 w(P)o(art)p 834 1911 V 58 w(User)p 963 1911 V -38 w(Previous)p 1112 1911 V 27 w(Public)p 1253 1911 V 42 w(F)m(ailure)p -1403 1911 V 47 w(T)m(rap)p 1531 1911 V 55 w(T)m(rap)p 1660 -1911 V 45 w(Under{)p 1810 1911 V 60 w(No)p 1938 1911 V 149 -1954 V 163 1941 a(Con)o(text)p 299 1954 V 67 w(0)p 427 1954 -V 111 w(1)p 556 1954 V 61 w(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)p 705 1954 V 31 -w(Done)p 834 1954 V 963 1954 V 165 w(Con)o(text)p 1112 1954 -V 1253 1954 V 174 w(Inhibit)p 1403 1954 V 76 w(2)p 1531 1954 -V 111 w(1)p 1660 1954 V 99 w(\015o)o(w)p 1810 1954 V 58 w(Divide)p -1938 1954 V 149 1998 V 175 1985 a(Public)p 299 1998 V 427 1998 -V 556 1998 V 705 1998 V 834 1998 V 963 1998 V 728 w(User)p -1112 1998 V 1253 1998 V 1403 1998 V 1531 1998 V 1660 1998 V -1810 1998 V 1938 1998 V 150 1999 1790 2 v 216 2030 a(0)121 -b(1)111 b(2)121 b(3)g(4)110 b(5)122 b(6)127 b(7)g(8)121 b(9)102 -b(10)h(11)g(12)150 2140 y FJ(where)20 b(the)f(upp)q(er)g(part)g(of)f(a)g -(double)h(b)q(o)o(x)f(indicates)h(the)g(\015ag)f(sa)o(v)o(ed)h(in)f(user)i -(mo)q(de)d(and)h(the)i(lo)o(w)o(er)e(part)150 2190 y(indicates)e(that)f(sa)o -(v)o(ed)g(in)g(KL10)g(and)g(KI10)h(executiv)o(e)g(mo)q(de.)21 -b(The)16 b(\015ag)f(listed)g(in)g(the)h(lo)o(w)o(er)f(part)g(for)g(bit)g(6) -150 2240 y(also)e(applies)h(to)g(KS10)g(and)g(XKL)706 2236 -y(-)718 2240 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)j(executiv)o(e)f(mo)q(de;)e(ho)o(w)o(ev)o -(er,)h(b)q(ecause)i(these)f(pro)q(cessors)h(ha)o(v)o(e)150 -2290 y(no)c(public)h(mo)q(de,)e(bit)i(0)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(receiv)o(es)i(the)f -(state)h(of)e(the)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(\015ag)f(and)h(bit)f(7)g(is)h(not)g -(used.)18 b(The)13 b(KS10)150 2339 y(also)f(lac)o(ks)h(a)f(\015ag)h(for)f -(bit)h(8.)k(\(In)c(KA10)g(executiv)o(e)g(mo)q(de,)f(bits)h(0)f(and)h(6)f -(receiv)o(e)j(the)e(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(state)h(and)e(the)150 -2389 y(\(meaningless\))h(User)i(In{Out)f(state,)g(and)g(bits)g(7{10)f(are)h -(not)g(used)h(b)q(ecause)g(their)g(\015ags)f(do)f(not)h(exist.\))150 -2475 y(Where)j(the)f(\015ags)g(are)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(\(in)g(an)f(accum)o -(ulator)g(or)h(memory)d(lo)q(cation\))i(and)h(what)g(other)g(information)d -(is)150 2525 y(sa)o(v)o(ed)i(with)f(them)g(dep)q(ends)i(on)e(the)h -(instruction)g(and)f(the)h(circumstances)h(of)e(its)g(execution.)21 -b(Whenev)o(er)15 b(the)150 2574 y(\015ags)i(are)h(sa)o(v)o(ed,)g(their)g -(states)h(are)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(stored)j(in)e(bits)g(0{12)g(of)g(a)g(w)o(ord)g -(in)g(the)h(con\014guration)f(sho)o(wn.)150 2624 y(Some)d(instructions)j -(when)f(executed)h(in)e(section)h(zero)h(sa)o(v)o(e)e(the)h(\015ags)g(and)f -(the)h(in{section)g(part)g(of)e(PC)i(in)f(a)p eop -%%Page: 122 72 -122 71 bop 0 50 a FJ(122)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(so{called)f(\\PC)h(w)o(ord")g(lik)o(e)f(this.)p -153 352 1495 2 v 152 351 2 75 v 153 277 1495 2 v 1646 351 2 -75 v 277 364 2 13 v 401 364 V 526 364 V 650 364 V 775 364 V -899 372 2 21 v 1024 364 2 13 v 1148 364 V 1273 364 V 1397 364 -V 1522 364 V 655 381 a Fs(12)p 692 351 2 75 v -524 w(0)p 152 -351 V 374 324 a FJ(Flags)863 381 y Fs(17)p 899 351 V -200 w(13)p -692 351 V 775 327 a FJ(00)1610 381 y Fs(35)p 1646 351 V -740 -w(18)p 899 351 V 1142 328 a FJ(In{Section)i(PC)0 484 y(Note)f(that)f(nothing) -g(is)g(stored)h(in)f(bits)g(13{17;)f(when)i(the)g(PC)f(w)o(ord)h(is)f -(addressed)i(indirectly)m(,)d(it)h(can)h(pro)q(duce)0 534 y(neither)j -(indexing)e(nor)g(further)i(indirect)f(addressing.)24 b(When)16 -b(suc)o(h)g(instructions)g(are)g(p)q(erformed)g(in)f(a)g(non{)0 -584 y(zero)e(section,)g(they)f(generally)g(sa)o(v)o(e)g(only)f(the)i -(extended)h(PC)e(without)g(\015ags.)17 b(Other)c(instructions,)g(executable)0 -634 y(only)g(in)g(the)i(XKL)302 630 y(-)314 634 y(1)e(pro)q(cessor,)j(the)e -(KS10,)f(and)h(the)g(extended)i(KL10,)d(com)o(bine)f(the)i(\015ags)g(and)g -(the)g(full)f(PC)0 683 y(in)g(what)h(is)g(called)g(a)f(\\\015ag{PC)g(double)h -(w)o(ord")g(with)f(this)h(format:)p 153 923 1495 2 v 152 922 -2 150 v 153 774 1495 2 v 1646 922 2 150 v 277 935 2 13 v 401 -935 V 526 935 V 650 935 V 775 935 V 899 943 2 21 v 1024 935 -2 13 v 1148 935 V 1273 935 V 1397 935 V 1522 935 V 153 848 -1495 2 v 655 952 a Fs(12)p 692 848 2 75 v -524 w(0)p 152 848 -V 374 821 a FJ(Flags)863 952 y Fs(17)p 899 848 V -200 w(13)p -692 848 V 786 824 a FJ(0)1610 952 y Fs(35)p 1646 848 V -740 -w(18)p 899 848 V 965 821 a FJ(Pro)q(cessor{Dep)q(enden)o(t)j(Information)373 -952 y Fs(5)p 401 922 V -225 w(0)p 152 922 V 257 898 a FJ(00)1610 -952 y Fs(35)p 1646 922 V -1230 w(6)p 401 922 V 995 899 a FJ(PC)0 -1055 y(In)e(a)g(manner)f(analogous)g(to)h(the)g(PC)h(w)o(ord,)e(nothing)h(is) -g(stored)h(in)e(bits)i(13{17)d(of)i(the)g(\014rst)h(w)o(ord)f(or)g(in)g(bits) -0 1105 y(0{5)f(of)h(the)g(second.)23 b(Hence,)17 b(when)e(the)h(second)g(w)o -(ord)f(is)g(addressed)i(indirectly)m(,)d(it)h(is)g(in)o(terpreted)h(as)g -(global)0 1155 y(address{w)o(ord)j(whic)o(h)f(pro)q(duces)h(neither)g -(indexing)e(nor)h(further)h(indirect)f(addressing.)31 b(Note)19 -b(that,)f(if)f(the)0 1205 y(second)e(w)o(ord)f(is)g(used)h(in)f(an)f(index)i -(register,)f(it)g(is)g(tak)o(en)g(as)g(global)f(or)h(lo)q(cal)f(dep)q(ending) -i(on)f(whether)h(or)f(not)0 1254 y(bits)d(6{17)e(are)i(zero.)18 -b(Nothing)10 b(is)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(in)f(the)h(righ)o(t)f(half)g(of)g(the)h -(\015ag)f(w)o(ord)h(except)h(in)e(an)g(extended)j(pro)q(cessor.)0 -1304 y(In)h(the)h(KL10,)e(if)g(the)h(instruction)h(is)f(in)f(an)h(executiv)o -(e)h(program)d(or)i(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(of)e(an)h(executiv)o(e)h(program,)0 -1354 y(bits)e(31{35)f(sa)o(v)o(e)h(the)h(previous{con)o(text)g(section)g(for) -e(that)h(program)f(\(see)i FH(x)q FJ(4.1.5\).)i(In)d(the)h(XKL)1575 -1350 y(-)1587 1354 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor,)0 1404 y(if)g(the)i(instruction)f(is)g -(in)f(an)h(executiv)o(e)h(program,)d(an)h(in)o(terrupt,)i(or)e(a)h(trap,)g -(bits)g(18{35)e(sa)o(v)o(e)i(the)h(con)o(text)g(of)0 1454 y(the)g(in)o -(terrupted)h(program:)i(the)d(curren)o(t)h(and)f(previous)g(accum)o(ulator)e -(selection)j(and)e(the)h(previous)g(con)o(text)0 1503 y(section.)0 -1589 y(Certain)e(instructions)g(can)g(use)g(bits)g(0{12)f(of)g(a)g(w)o(ord)g -(to)h(set)g(up)g(the)g(program)e(\015ags)i(to)f(restore)i(them)e(to)h(their)0 -1639 y(original)k(states)j(follo)o(wing)c(an)i(in)o(terruption)h(or)f(to)h -(con)o(trol)f(sp)q(eci\014c)i(situations.)32 b(Restoration,)19 -b(of)f(course,)0 1689 y(assumes)e(the)g(\015ags)g(are)g(b)q(eing)g(restored)i -(from)c(a)h(w)o(ord)h(in)g(whic)o(h)f(they)i(w)o(ere)f(previously)g(sa)o(v)o -(ed.)24 b(When)16 b(the)0 1738 y(\015ags)f(are)h(sa)o(v)o(ed,)g(the)g(\015ag) -f(bits)h(re\015ect)h(the)f(states)h(and)e(\015ags)g(appropriate)h(to)f(the)h -(curren)o(t)h(situation.)23 b(A)o(t)15 b(a)0 1788 y(transition)e(from)e(one)j -(mo)q(de)e(to)h(another,)h(the)f(\015ags)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)f(are)h(those)g(of)e -(the)i(mo)q(de)f(the)g(pro)q(cessor)j(is)d(lea)o(ving,)0 1838 -y(and)g(the)i(\015ags)e(restored)i(are)f(those)g(for)g(the)g(mo)q(de)e(the)i -(pro)q(cessor)i(is)d(en)o(tering.)19 b(F)m(or)13 b(example,)f(when)i(the)g -(user)0 1888 y(calls)d(the)h(Monitor,)f(bit)g(5)g(of)g(the)h(\015ag)f(w)o -(ord)g(is)h(set)g(and)f(the)h(User)h(\015ag)e(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(cleared,)h -(either)f(automatically)0 1938 y(or)i(b)o(y)g(a)g(0)g(in)g(bit)f(5)h(of)g(a)g -(restoring)g(\015ag)g(w)o(ord.)19 b(Moreo)o(v)o(er,)14 b(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h -(and)f(User)h(In{Out)f(are)h(sa)o(v)o(ed,)f(but)g(the)0 1987 -y(\015ag)k(bits)g(used)g(for)g(restoration)g(are)h(adjusted)f(to)g(pro)q -(duce)h(the)g(correct)h(states)f(for)e(the)i(previous{con)o(text)0 -2037 y(\015ags.)27 b(No)16 b(con\015ict)h(can)g(result)h(concerning)f(bit)g -(6,)g(b)q(ecause)h(User)g(In{out)e(exists)i(only)e(in)g(user)i(mo)q(de,)e -(and)0 2087 y(Previous)e(Con)o(text)h(User)g(exists)f(only)f(in)h(executiv)o -(e)h(mo)q(de.)i(On)d(the)h(other)f(hand,)f(although)g(only)h(one)g(\015ag)f -(is)0 2137 y(ev)o(er)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)f(in)f(bit)g(0,)h(at)g(restoration,)g(bit) -f(0)h(conditions)f(the)i(states)g(of)e(b)q(oth)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(and)f -(Previous)i(Con)o(text)0 2187 y(Public)j(\(if)g(presen)o(t\).)28 -b(The)17 b(latter)f(is)h(irrelev)n(an)o(t)f(in)g(user)i(mo)q(de,)d(but)i(the) -g(executiv)o(e)h(programmer)c(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)0 2237 y(a)o(w)o(are)e(that,)g -(if)g(he)g(wishes)i(to)e(use)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(or)f(giv)o(e)g(a)g -FC(JF)o(CL)f FJ(to)h(test)i(it,)d(its)h(initial)f(state)i(is)f(that)g -(assigned)h(to)0 2286 y(Previous)g(Con)o(text)f(Public)g(rather)h(than)f -(that)g(resulting)g(from)e(an)i(arithmetic)f(op)q(eration.)18 -b(When)13 b(a)g(return)h(is)0 2336 y(made)e(to)g(an)h(in)o(terrupted)h -(executiv)o(e)g(program)e(via)g(a)g(\015ag{PC)h(double)g(w)o(ord)f(in)h(an)f -(extended)j(pro)q(cessor,)f(the)0 2386 y(previous{con)o(text)h(is)e(restored) -i(from)d(the)j(righ)o(t)e(half)f(of)h(the)i(\015ag)e(w)o(ord.)18 -b(In)13 b(the)h(KL10)g(the)g(previous{con)o(text)0 2436 y(section)i(is)f -(restored)i(from)d(bits)h(31{35)g(of)f(the)i(\015ag)f(w)o(ord.)23 -b(In)15 b(the)h(XKL)1188 2432 y(-)1200 2436 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor,)i(the)f(the)g -(accum)o(ulator)0 2486 y(selection)f(and)e(previous{con)o(text)i(section)g -(are)f(restored)i(from)c(bits)i(18{35)e(of)i(the)g(\015ag)f(w)o(ord.)0 -2571 y(By)k(manipulating)e(the)i(bits)h(used)g(to)f(restore)i(the)f(\015ags,) -f(the)h(programmer)d(can)i(set)h(them)f(up)g(in)g(an)o(y)g(w)o(a)o(y)0 -2621 y(desired,)g(except)g(that)e(the)i(hardw)o(are)f(con)o(tains)f(in)o -(terlo)q(c)o(ks)h(so)g(that)f(a)h(user)g(program)e(cannot)i(clear)g(User)h -(or)p eop -%%Page: 123 73 -123 72 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.9.)31 b(PR)o(OGRAM)13 b(CONTR)o(OL)1194 -b FJ(123)150 195 y(set)16 b(User)g(In{Out,)f(and)g(no)g(public)g(program)e -(can)i(clear)h(Public)f(for)f(itself.)22 b(As)15 b(an)g(example,)e(restoring) -j(\015ags)150 245 y(from)c(a)i(w)o(ord)f(in)h(whic)o(h)g(a)f(trap)h(\015ag)g -(is)f(set)i(will)e(result)h(in)g(an)f(immediate)e(trap.)150 -405 y(The)f(follo)o(wing)d(lists)j(the)g(meaning)e(of)h(the)h(information)d -(con)o(tained)j(in)f(bits)h(0{12)f(of)g(a)g(\015ag)h(w)o(ord)f(at)h(the)g -(time)e(the)150 455 y(\015ags)13 b(are)g(sa)o(v)o(ed.)18 b(Bits)13 -b(0)g(and)f(6)h(are)g(giv)o(en)f(only)h(for)f(user)i(mo)q(de,)d(as)i(the)h -(sp)q(ecial)f(executiv)o(e)h(\015ags)f(are)g(relev)n(an)o(t)150 -505 y(only)i(to)g(the)i(previous{con)o(text)f FC(X)o(CT)f FJ(instruction)h -(and)f(are)i(left)e(for)g(the)i(discussion)f(of)f(system)g(op)q(erations.)150 -555 y(Remem)o(b)q(er)9 b(\()p FH(x)p FJ(2.2\))h(that)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f -(is)g(determined)h(directly)f(from)f(the)i(carries,)h(not)e(the)h(carry)h -(\015ags,)e(whic)o(h)h(giv)o(e)150 605 y(useful)k(information)d(only)i(if)g -(no)h(more)f(than)h(one)g(instruction)g(that)g(can)g(set)h(them)e(o)q(ccurs)j -(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)f(clearing)150 655 y(and)f(reading)g(them.)21 -b(The)16 b(explanations)f(assume)f(the)i(\015ags)f(re\015ect)i(normal)c -(circumstances|not)j(arbitrary)150 704 y(manipulation.)26 b(An)18 -b FE(x)k FJ(in)17 b(a)h(mnemonic)d(indicates)j(an)o(y)f(letter)h(\(or)g -(none\))g(that)g(ma)o(y)d(app)q(ear)j(in)f(the)h(giv)o(en)150 -754 y(p)q(osition)13 b(to)h(sp)q(ecify)g(the)h(mo)q(de;)d(e.g.,)h -FC(ADD)p FE(x)19 b FJ(comprises)13 b FC(ADD)p FJ(,)g FC(ADDI)p -FJ(,)g FC(ADDM)p FJ(,)g(and)h FC(ADDB)p FJ(.)150 822 y FE(Bit)53 -b(Me)n(aning)16 b(of)f(a)g(1)g(in)g(the)g(Bit)150 907 y FJ(0)80 -b(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)14 b({)f(an)o(y)h(of)f(the)i(follo)o(wing)c(has)j(o)q -(ccurred)i(and)d(set)i(T)m(rap)f(1:)271 991 y FH(\017)50 b -FJ(A)12 b(single)g(instruction)g(has)h(set)g(one)f(of)f(the)i(carry)g -(\015ags)f(\(bits)g(1)g(and)g(2\))g(without)g(setting)g(the)h(other.)271 -1057 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(An)15 b FC(ASH)f FJ(or)h FC(ASHC)f FJ(has)h -(left{shifted)g(a)f(1)h(out)f(of)g(bit)h(1)f(in)g(a)h(p)q(ositiv)o(e)f(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)g(or)h(a)f(0)h(out)f(of)g(bit)342 1107 y(1)f(in)h(a)f(negativ)o -(e)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)271 1173 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(An)14 b FC(MUL)p -FE(x)19 b FJ(has)14 b(m)o(ultiplied)e FH(\000)p FJ(2)860 1157 -y Fs(35)909 1173 y FJ(b)o(y)h(itself)h(\(pro)q(duct)h(2)1260 -1157 y Fs(70)1295 1173 y FJ(\).)271 1238 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(A)14 -b FC(DMUL)g FJ(has)g(m)o(ultiplied)d FH(\000)p FJ(2)842 1223 -y Fs(70)891 1238 y FJ(b)o(y)j(itself)f(\(pro)q(duct)i(2)1242 -1223 y Fs(140)1294 1238 y FJ(\).)271 1304 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(An)14 -b FC(IMUL)p FE(x)19 b FJ(has)14 b(m)o(ultiplied)d(t)o(w)o(o)i(n)o(um)o(b)q -(ers)h(with)g(pro)q(duct)g FH(\025)e FJ(2)1379 1289 y Fs(35)1428 -1304 y FJ(or)i Fz(<)e FH(\000)p FJ(2)1576 1289 y Fs(35)1611 -1304 y FJ(.)271 1370 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(An)14 b FC(FIX)p FJ(,)e -FC(FIXR)p FJ(,)g FC(GFIX)p FJ(,)g(or)i FC(GFIXR)e FJ(has)i(fetc)o(hed)h(an)f -(op)q(erand)g(with)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)g Fz(>)e FJ(35.)271 1435 -y FH(\017)50 b FJ(A)14 b FC(GDFIX)e FJ(or)i FC(GDFIXR)e FJ(has)i(fetc)o(hed)h -(an)f(op)q(erand)g(with)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)h Fz(>)c FJ(70.)271 -1501 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(A)14 b FC(GFIXR)e FJ(has)i(\014xed)g(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)f(with)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(35)g(and)f(fraction)h FH(\025)e -FJ(1)d FH(\000)g FJ(2)1577 1486 y Fp(\000)p Fs(36)1638 1501 -y FJ(.)271 1567 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(Floating)12 b(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)j(has)f(b)q -(een)h(set)f(\(bit)g(3\).)271 1632 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(No)14 -b(Divide)f(has)h(b)q(een)h(set)f(\(bit)g(12\).)150 1718 y(1)80 -b(Carry)12 b(0)h({)f(if)g(set)h(without)g(Carry)g(1)f(\(bit)g(2\))h(b)q(eing) -g(set,)g(causes)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)f(to)g(b)q(e)g(set)g(and)g(indicates)g -(that)251 1768 y(one)h(of)f(the)h(follo)o(wing)e(has)i(o)q(ccurred:)271 -1852 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(An)14 b FC(ADD)p FE(x)19 b FJ(has)14 -b(added)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(negativ)o(e)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(with)f(sum)g -Fz(<)f FH(\000)p FJ(2)1421 1836 y Fs(35)1456 1852 y FJ(.)271 -1917 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(A)14 b FC(D)o(ADD)f FJ(has)h(added)g(t)o(w)o(o)g -(negativ)o(e)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(with)h(sum)f Fz(<)e FH(\000)p -FJ(2)1402 1902 y Fs(70)1438 1917 y FJ(.)271 1983 y FH(\017)50 -b FJ(An)17 b FC(SUB)p FE(x)22 b FJ(has)17 b(subtracted)i(a)e(p)q(ositiv)o(e)g -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(from)e(a)i(negativ)o(e)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(with)g -(di\013erence)i Fz(<)342 2033 y FH(\000)p FJ(2)395 2018 y Fs(35)430 -2033 y FJ(.)271 2098 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(A)10 b FC(DSUB)f FJ(has)h(subtracted)i -(a)e(p)q(ositiv)o(e)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(from)e(a)i(negativ)o(e)g(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)f(with)h(di\013erence)h Fz(<)h FH(\000)p FJ(2)1903 2083 -y Fs(70)1938 2098 y FJ(.)271 2164 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(An)14 b -FC(SOJ)p FE(x)k FJ(or)c FC(SOS)p FE(x)19 b FJ(has)14 b(decremen)o(ted)h -FH(\000)p FJ(2)1055 2149 y Fs(35)1090 2164 y FJ(.)251 2248 -y(If)e(set)i(with)e(Carry)h(1,)g(indicates)g(that)g(one)g(of)f(these)i(non{o) -o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(ev)o(en)o(ts)g(has)g(o)q(ccurred:)271 2332 -y FH(\017)50 b FJ(In)20 b(an)f FC(ADD)p FE(x)24 b FJ(or)c FC(D)o(ADD)p -FJ(,)f(b)q(oth)g(addends)i(w)o(ere)g(negativ)o(e,)f(or)g(their)g(signs)f -(di\013ered)i(and)f(their)342 2382 y(magnitudes)12 b(w)o(ere)j(equal)f(or)g -(the)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e)g(one)g(w)o(as)g(the)g(greater)h(in)f(magnitude.)271 -2447 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(In)13 b(a)h FC(SUB)p FE(x)k FJ(or)13 -b FC(DSUB)p FJ(,)g(the)h(signs)g(of)f(the)h(op)q(erands)g(w)o(ere)h(the)f -(same)f(and)g(A)o(C)h(w)o(as)f(the)h(greater)h(or)342 2497 -y(the)f(t)o(w)o(o)g(w)o(ere)h(equal,)e(or)h(the)g(signs)g(of)f(the)i(op)q -(erands)f(di\013ered)h(and)f(A)o(C)g(w)o(as)g(negativ)o(e.)271 -2563 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(An)14 b FC(A)o(OJ)p FE(x)k FJ(or)c FC(A)o(OS)p -FE(x)k FJ(has)c(incremen)o(ted)g FH(\000)p FJ(1.)271 2629 y -FH(\017)50 b FJ(A)14 b FC(SOJ)p FE(x)k FJ(or)c FC(SOS)p FE(x)19 -b FJ(has)14 b(decremen)o(ted)h(a)f(non{zero)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(other)i(than) -e FH(\000)p FJ(2)1598 2614 y Fs(35)1634 2629 y FJ(.)p eop -%%Page: 124 74 -124 73 bop 0 50 a FJ(124)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)121 195 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(A)14 b FC(MO)o(VN)p -FE(x)19 b FJ(has)14 b(negated)g(zero.)121 260 y FH(\017)50 -b FJ(A)14 b FC(DMO)o(VN)f FJ(or)g FC(DMO)o(VNM)h FJ(has)g(negated)g(zero)g -(\(this)g(condition)f(do)q(es)h(not)g(a\013ect)h(the)f(\015ags)f(in)g(the)192 -309 y(KI10\).)0 395 y(2)80 b(Carry)12 b(1)h({)f(if)g(set)h(without)g(Carry)g -(0)f(\(bit)g(1\))h(b)q(eing)g(set,)g(causes)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)f(to)g(b)q(e)g -(set)g(and)g(indicates)g(that)101 445 y(one)h(of)f(the)h(follo)o(wing)e(has)i -(o)q(ccurred:)121 528 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(An)14 b FC(ADD)p FE(x)19 -b FJ(has)14 b(added)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(p)q(ositiv)o(e)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(with)h -(sum)f FH(\025)f FJ(2)1229 513 y Fs(35)1264 528 y FJ(.)121 -593 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(A)14 b FC(D)o(ADD)f FJ(has)h(added)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(p)q -(ositiv)o(e)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(with)f(sum)g FH(\025)f FJ(2)1210 -577 y Fs(70)1245 593 y FJ(.)121 657 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(An)11 -b FC(SUB)p FE(x)16 b FJ(has)11 b(subtracted)i(a)e(negativ)o(e)g(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)f(from)g(a)h(p)q(ositiv)o(e)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(with)g(di\013erence)i -FH(\025)f FJ(2)1754 642 y Fs(35)1788 657 y FJ(.)121 721 y FH(\017)50 -b FJ(A)12 b FC(DSUB)g FJ(has)h(subtracted)h(a)e(negativ)o(e)h(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)e(from)g(a)h(p)q(ositiv)o(e)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(with)g(di\013erence)j -FH(\025)d FJ(2)1754 706 y Fs(70)1788 721 y FJ(.)121 786 y FH(\017)50 -b FJ(An)14 b FC(A)o(OJ)p FE(x)k FJ(or)c FC(A)o(OS)p FE(x)k -FJ(has)c(incremen)o(ted)g(2)873 771 y Fs(35)917 786 y FH(\000)c -FJ(1.)121 850 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(An)14 b FC(MO)o(VN)p FE(x)19 -b FJ(or)14 b FC(MO)o(VM)p FE(x)k FJ(has)c(negated)h FH(\000)p -FJ(2)921 835 y Fs(35)956 850 y FJ(.)121 915 y FH(\017)50 b -FJ(A)13 b FC(DMO)o(VN)f FJ(or)h FC(DMO)o(VNM)f FJ(has)h(negated)g -FH(\000)p FJ(2)931 900 y Fs(70)979 915 y FJ(\(this)g(condition)f(do)q(es)h -(not)g(a\013ect)g(the)h(\015ags)e(in)g(the)192 965 y(KI10\).)101 -1048 y(If)17 b(set)h(with)f(Carry)h(0,)f(indicates)h(that)g(one)f(of)g(the)h -(non{o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(ev)o(en)o(ts)h(listed)g(under)g(Carry)g(0)f(has) -101 1098 y(o)q(ccurred.)0 1183 y(3)80 b(Floating)12 b(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)i({)g -(an)o(y)f(of)h(the)g(follo)o(wing)d(has)j(set)h(T)m(rap)f(1)f(and)h(Ov)o -(er\015o)o(w:)121 1267 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(In)13 b(a)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f -(instruction)i(\(other)g(than)g FC(FL)m(TR)p FJ(,)e FC(DFN)p -FJ(,)h(or)h(the)g(gian)o(t{format)c(instructions\))192 1316 -y(the)k(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(of)e(the)i(result)g(w)o(as)e Fz(>)f -FJ(127.)121 1381 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(In)14 b FC(GSNGL)g FJ(the)g(exp)q(onen)o -(t)h(of)e(the)i(memory)c(op)q(erand)k(w)o(as)e Fz(>)f FJ(127)121 -1445 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(In)18 b(a)f(gian)o(t{range)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f -(instruction,)j FC(GF)m(AD)p FJ(,)d FC(GFSB)p FJ(,)g FC(GFMP)p -FJ(,)g FC(GFD)o(V)p FJ(,)g(or)i FC(GFSC)p FJ(,)e(the)192 1495 -y(exp)q(onen)o(t)f(of)e(the)h(result)h(w)o(as)f Fz(>)e FJ(1023.)121 -1560 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(Floating)12 b(Under\015o)o(w)j(\(bit)f(11\))f(has)h(b) -q(een)h(set.)121 1624 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(No)14 b(Divide)f(\(bit)g(12\))h(has)g -(b)q(een)h(set)g(in)e(an)h FC(FD)o(V)p FE(x)5 b FJ(,)13 b FC(FD)o(VR)p -FE(x)5 b FJ(,)12 b FC(DFD)o(V)h FJ(or)h FC(GFD)o(V)p FJ(.)0 -1710 y(4)80 b(First)10 b(P)o(art)h(Done)f({)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(is)e(resp) -q(onding)g(to)g(a)g(priorit)o(y)g(in)o(terrupt)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(the)g -(parts)g(of)f(a)g(t)o(w)o(o{)101 1759 y(part)j(instruction)i(or)e(to)h(a)f -(page)h(failure)f(in)g(the)i(second)g(part.)j(A)c(1)f(in)h(this)f(bit)h -(indicates)g(that)g(the)g(\014rst)101 1809 y(part)c(has)g(b)q(een)i -(completed,)e(and)g(this)g(fact)h(should)f(b)q(e)h(tak)o(en)f(in)o(to)g -(accoun)o(t)g(when)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(restarts)101 1859 -y(the)i(instruction)h(at)f(the)h(b)q(eginning)f(up)q(on)g(the)h(return)g(to)f -(the)h(in)o(terrupted)h(program.)h(F)m(or)d(example,)f(if)101 -1909 y(an)g FC(ILDB)g FJ(or)g FC(IDPB)f FJ(is)h(in)o(terrupted)i(after)f -(incremen)o(ting)e(the)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(but)f(b)q(efore)i(pro)q(cessing)f -(the)g(b)o(yte,)101 1959 y(the)e(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(no)o(w)f(p)q(oin)o(ts)g(not) -g(to)g(the)h(previous)f(b)o(yte,)h(but)f(rather)h(to)f(the)h(b)o(yte)g(that)f -(should)g(b)q(e)h(handled)101 2008 y(at)i(the)h(return.)25 -b(Th)o(us)16 b(when)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(restarts)h(the)e(instruction,)g -(it)f(m)o(ust)g(retriev)o(e)i(the)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)101 2058 -y(but)c FE(not)k FJ(incremen)o(t)11 b(it.)17 b(Note,)12 b(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)g -(that)g(this)g(\015ag)f(is)h(solely)f(for)h(use)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(hardw)o(are:) -18 b(it)11 b(is)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)101 2108 y(and)h(restored)j(b)o(y)e(the)g -(Monitor,)f(and)h(the)g(user)h(should)f(nev)o(er)h(touc)o(h)f(it.)1279 -2093 y Fs(42)101 2194 y FJ(The)i(First)h(P)o(art)g(Done)f(\015ag)g(is)g -FG(not)f FJ(an)h(arc)o(hitectural)h(c)o(haracteristic;)i(it)c(is)i(an)f -(artifact)g(of)f(a)h(sp)q(eci\014c)101 2243 y(pro)q(cessor)g(implemen)o -(tatio)o(n.)h(Di\013eren)o(t)e(pro)q(cessors)i(implemen)o(t)12 -b(and)i(use)i(this)e(\015ag)g(in)g(di\013eren)o(t)i(w)o(a)o(ys.)101 -2293 y(No)j(programmer)e(should)j(dep)q(end)h(on)e(an)o(y)g(particular)h(b)q -(eha)o(vior)f(b)q(eing)h(rep)q(eatable)g(on)g(a)f(di\013eren)o(t)101 -2343 y(system)13 b(or)h(with)g(di\013eren)o(t)g(micro)q(co)q(de.)101 -2429 y(In)i(the)i(presen)o(t)g(implemen)o(tation)13 b(of)j(the)i(XKL)892 -2425 y(-)904 2429 y(1)e(and)h(its)g(micro)q(co)q(de,)f(First)i(P)o(art)f -(Done)f(a\013ects)i(the)101 2478 y(follo)o(wing)6 b(instructions:)17 -b FC(ILDB)p FJ(,)9 b FC(IDPB)p FJ(,)e FC(MO)o(VSRJ)p FJ(,)h -FC(SWPxA)p FJ(,)h(and)g FC(CVTBDx)p FJ(.)16 b(First)10 b(P)o(art)f(Done)h(is) -f(cleared)p 0 2511 720 2 v 31 2538 a Fr(42)64 2550 y Fq(On)i(the)g(other)g -(hand,)f(if)h(a)h(trap)e(handler)g(\(whic)o(h)h(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)h(supplied)f -(b)o(y)h(the)g(user\))f(do)q(es)h(an)o(y)g(b)o(yte)f(op)q(erations,)f(the)i -(state)g(of)0 2589 y(this)g(\015ag)g(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)g(tak)o(en)g(in)o(to)f -(accoun)o(t;)g(for)h(details)g(refer)f(to)i(the)f(discussion)e(of)j(\\sp)q -(ecial)e(consideratio)o(ns")e(at)k(the)f(end)g(of)g(eac)o(h)0 -2629 y(of)g(the)g(sections)f(on)h(the)f(in)o(terrupt.)p eop -%%Page: 125 75 -125 74 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.9.)31 b(PR)o(OGRAM)13 b(CONTR)o(OL)1194 -b FJ(125)251 195 y(at)12 b(the)h(start)g(of)f(an)o(y)g(instruction,)h(except) -h(that)e(the)i(\015ag)e(restoring)h(instructions)g(are)g(crafted)g(to)g(b)o -(ypass)251 245 y(the)h(clear)h(op)q(eration)e(when)i(starting)f(the)h(next)f -(instruction.)19 b(First)14 b(P)o(art)g(Done)g(cannot)h(b)q(e)f(sa)o(v)o(ed)g -(b)o(y)g(a)251 295 y(\015ag)g(sa)o(ving)f(instruction.)21 b(In)o(terrupts)16 -b(and)e(traps)h(are)g(not)g(p)q(erformed)f(as)g(actual)h(instructions)g(so)f -(they)251 345 y(can)g(sa)o(v)o(e)g(First)g(P)o(art)g(Done.)150 -430 y(5)80 b(User)15 b({)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor)g(is)f(in)g(user)h(mo)q(de.)150 -516 y(6)80 b(User)17 b(In{Out)g({)f(ev)o(en)h(with)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(in) -e(user)i(mo)q(de,)d(the)i(program)e(is)i(allo)o(w)o(ed)e(to)h(use)i(In{Out) -251 565 y(instructions.)150 651 y(7)80 b(Public)367 636 y Fs(43)416 -651 y FJ({)15 b(the)h(last)e(instruction)h(p)q(erformed)g(w)o(as)g(fetc)o -(hed)h(from)d(a)h(public)h(area)g(of)f(memory;)f(i.e.,)g(the)251 -701 y(pro)q(cessor)i(is)f(in)f(user)i(mo)q(de)e(public)h(or)g(executiv)o(e)h -(mo)q(de)e(sup)q(ervisor.)150 786 y(8)80 b(Address)16 b(F)m(ailure)e(Inhibit) -674 771 y Fs(44)724 786 y FJ({)g(if)h(an)f(address)j(failure)d(o)q(ccurs)i -(during)f(the)g(execution)h(of)f(the)g(v)o(ery)g(next)251 836 -y(instruction,)g(that)h(failure)e(will)g(b)q(e)i(ignored.)22 -b(This)15 b(\015ag)g(is)h(cleared)g(whenev)o(er)h(an)e(instruction)g -(\(except)251 886 y(a)f(\015ag{restoring)g FC(JRST)p FJ(\))g(is)g(completed.) -19 b(The)14 b(purp)q(ose)i(of)e(this)g(\015ag)g(is)g(to)g(let)h(the)f(pro)q -(cessor)j(complete)251 936 y(the)d(execution)h(of)e(the)h(instruction)h(for)e -(whic)o(h)h(an)g(address)h(failure)e(trap)h(has)g(just)g(b)q(een)h(pro)q -(cessed.)150 1021 y(9)80 b(T)m(rap)10 b(2)369 1006 y Fs(45)415 -1021 y FJ({)g(if)g(bit)h(10)f(is)h(not)g(also)f(set,)i(stac)o(k)f(o)o(v)o -(er\015o)o(w)g(has)g(o)q(ccurred.)19 b(Unless)11 b(the)h(pager)f(is)g -(disabled,)f(the)251 1071 y(setting)k(of)g(this)h(\015ag)e(immediately)e -(causes)16 b(a)e(trap)h(as)f(explained)g(in)g FH(x)q FJ(2.9.6.)j(A)o(t)e -(presen)o(t,)g(no)g(hardw)o(are)251 1121 y(condition)e(sets)i(b)q(oth)f(bits) -g(9)f(and)h(10)g(at)f(the)i(same)e(time.)150 1207 y(10)59 b(T)m(rap)10 -b(1)369 1192 y Fs(45)404 1207 y FJ(|if)f(bit)h(9)h(is)f(not)h(also)f(set,)h -(arithmetic)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(has)h(o)q(ccurred.)19 b(Unless)11 -b(the)g(pager)g(is)g(disabled,)251 1256 y(the)f(setting)g(of)f(this)h(\015ag) -f(immediately)d(causes)11 b(a)f(trap)g(as)g(explained)f(in)g -FH(x)q FJ(2.9.6.)15 b(A)o(t)9 b(presen)o(t,)j(no)e(hardw)o(are)251 -1306 y(condition)j(sets)i(b)q(oth)f(bits)g(9)f(and)h(10)g(at)f(the)i(same)e -(time.)150 1392 y(11)59 b(Floating)12 b(Under\015o)o(w|an)o(y)i(of)f(the)h -(follo)o(wing)e(has)i(set)g(T)m(rap)g(1,)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)h(and)f -(Floating)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w:)271 1476 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(In)12 -b(a)g(single{)g(or)h(double{precision)f(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)f -(instruction,)i(the)g(exp)q(onen)o(t)g(of)f(the)h(result)g(w)o(as)342 -1526 y Fz(<)f FH(\000)p FJ(128.)271 1592 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(In)14 -b(a)f FC(GSNGL)h FJ(instruction,)g(the)h(exp)q(onen)o(t)f(of)g(the)g(memory)e -(op)q(erand)i(w)o(as)g Fz(<)e FH(\000)p FJ(128.)271 1659 y -FH(\017)50 b FJ(In)17 b(a)h FC(GF)m(AD)p FJ(,)d FC(GFSB)p FJ(,)h -FC(GFMP)p FJ(,)h FC(GFD)o(V)p FJ(,)f(or)h FC(GFSC)g FJ(instruction,)h(the)g -(exp)q(onen)o(t)h(of)d(the)j(result)f(w)o(as)342 1709 y Fz(<)12 -b FH(\000)p FJ(1024.)150 1794 y(12)59 b(No)13 b(Divide|an)o(y)f(of)i(the)g -(follo)o(wing)d(has)j(set)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)f(and)g(T)m(rap)g(1:)271 -1878 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(In)14 b(a)g FC(DIV)p FE(x)k FJ(or)c -FC(DDIV)p FJ(,)f(the)i(high{order)f(half)f(of)g(the)i(dividend)f(w)o(as)g -(greater)h(than)f(or)g(equal)f(to)h(the)342 1928 y(divisor.)271 -1995 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(In)14 b(an)f FC(IDIV)p FE(x)18 b FJ(the)d(divisor)e(w) -o(as)h(zero,)g(or)g(the)g(dividend)g(w)o(as)g FH(\000)p FJ(2)1381 -1980 y Fs(35)1430 1995 y FJ(and)f(the)i(divisor)e(w)o(as)h -FH(\006)p FJ(1.)271 2061 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(In)14 b(an)g FC(FD)o(V)p -FE(x)5 b FJ(,)14 b FC(FD)o(VR)p FE(x)5 b FJ(,)13 b FC(DFD)o(V)p -FJ(,)g(or)h FC(GFD)o(V)p FJ(,)f(the)i(divisor)e(w)o(as)i(zero)g(or)f(the)h -(dividend)f(fraction)g(w)o(as)342 2111 y(greater)i(than)g(or)f(equal)g(to)g -(t)o(wice)h(the)g(divisor)e(fraction)h(in)g(magnitude;)f(in)h(either)h(case)g -(Floating)342 2161 y(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(has)h(b)q(een)g(set.)29 -b(If)16 b(normalized)g(op)q(erands)i(are)f(used,)i(only)d(a)h(zero)h(divisor) -f(can)g(cause)342 2210 y(\015oating)c(division)f(to)i(fail.)271 -2277 y FH(\017)50 b FJ(In)14 b(an)f FC(ADJBP)g FJ(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of) -h(b)o(ytes)g(p)q(er)h(w)o(ord)f(w)o(as)g(zero.)p 150 2312 720 -2 v 181 2338 a Fr(43)214 2350 y Fq(Av)n(ailable)9 b(only)i(in)g(the)g(KI10)g -(and)f(KL10.)181 2378 y Fr(44)214 2390 y Fq(Not)h(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(in)i(the) -g(KA10)h(or)f(KS10.)181 2418 y Fr(45)214 2429 y Fq(Not)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)e -(in)i(the)g(KA10)p eop -%%Page: 126 76 -126 75 bop 0 50 a FJ(126)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FF(2.9.4)55 b(The)19 b(JRST)f(Instruction)0 -307 y FJ(The)h(basic)f(use)h(of)f(this)g(instruction)g(is)g(as)h(a)f(straigh) -o(tforw)o(ard)f(jump|it)f(is)i(the)h(fastest)g(jump)d(and)i(is)g(the)0 -357 y(preferred)k(instruction)e(for)f(suc)o(h)h(use.)37 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,) -21 b(it)e(also)g(allo)o(ws)g(the)h(programmer)d(to)j(select)h(individual)0 -407 y(functions)13 b(b)o(y)h(means)e(of)h(bits)h(9{12)e(of)h(the)h -(instruction)f(w)o(ord.)18 b(All)13 b(KI10)g(and)g(KA10)g(functions)h(are)g -(included)0 457 y(in)j(the)g(instruction)h(set)g(of)e(the)i(more)e(mo)q(dern) -g(pro)q(cessors,)k(but)d(the)h(metho)q(d)e(of)h(deco)q(ding)g(the)h -(individual)0 507 y(functions)g(is)g(so)g(di\013eren)o(t)h(that)f(the)h -(instruction)f(is)g(describ)q(ed)i(t)o(wice,)e(\014rst)h(for)f(the)g(XKL)1517 -503 y(-)1530 507 y(1/KL10/KS10,)0 557 y(then)e(for)f(the)h(earlier)g(pro)q -(cessors.)24 b(Most)16 b(of)f(the)h(functions)f(are)h(illegal)e(in)h(some)f -(circumstances)i(on)g(at)f(least)0 606 y(some)h(pro)q(cessors;)k(when)e(a)f -(function)f(is)h(illegal,)f(the)h(instruction)h(traps)f(as)g(an)g(MUUO)h(\()p -FH(x)p FJ(2.16\))e(instead)i(of)0 656 y(p)q(erforming)13 b(the)j(giv)o(en)e -(function.)20 b(The)c(instruction)f(descriptions)g(explain)f(what)h(eac)o(h)g -(function)g(do)q(es)g(when)0 706 y(it)e(is)h(legal.)j(Bet)o(w)o(een)f(the)e -(t)o(w)o(o)f(descriptions)i(is)f(a)f(table)h(that)g(indicates)g(whic)o(h)g -(of)f(the)h(functions)g(are)h(legal)d(in)0 756 y(whic)o(h)i(pro)q(cessors)i -(and)e(under)g(what)g(circumstances.)p 0 1005 1495 4 v 0 930 -V -2 1003 4 75 v 1493 1003 V 538 1003 V 579 1003 V 746 1003 -V 12 1034 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -980 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1034 y Fq(8)p 372 1003 V 24 w(9)443 -980 y FE(F)0 896 y Fk(JRST)332 899 y(Jump)17 b(and)i(Resto)n(re)g(\(XKL)893 -894 y(-)908 899 y(1/KL10/KS10)q(\))156 979 y FJ(254)0 1130 -y(P)o(erform)d(the)i(function)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)e FE(F)6 -b FJ(,)16 b(if)g(it)h(is)g(legal.)26 b(A)o(t)17 b(presen)o(t)i(thirteen)f -(functions)f(are)h(de\014ned,)g(and)0 1180 y(for)e(all)e(but)i(one)h(of)e -(these)i(the)g FD(Ma)o(cr)o(o)f FJ(assem)o(bler)g(recognizes)h(individual)d -(mnemonics)g(for)h(generating)h(the)0 1230 y(com)o(bined)c(13{bit)h -(instruction)h(co)q(des)h(\(including)e(bits)h(9{12\).)j(The)d(de\014ned)g -(functions,)g(with)f(their)h(function)0 1280 y(co)q(des,)h(mnemonics,)c(and)j -(com)o(bined)e(instruction)i(co)q(des,)h(are)f(as)g(follo)o(ws.)25 -1347 y FE(F)98 b(Mnemonic)16 b(and)150 1397 y(Instruction)11 -b(Co)n(de)530 1347 y(F)m(unction)25 1487 y FJ(00)83 b FC(JRST)150 -1537 y FJ(25400)530 1487 y(Jump)13 b(to)g(Lo)q(cation)h FE(E)25 -1626 y FJ(01)83 b FC(PORT)m(AL)150 1676 y FJ(25404)530 1626 -y(If)14 b(the)i(instruction)f(has)f(b)q(een)i(tak)o(en)f(from)e(a)i -(nonpublic)f(area,)g(clear)i(Public;)530 1676 y(then)e(jump)e(to)h(lo)q -(cation)f FE(E)5 b FJ(.)18 b(A)c(lo)q(cation)e(con)o(taining)g(a)h -FC(PORT)m(AL)g FJ(is)g(the)h(only)530 1726 y(v)n(alid)g(en)o(try)i(to)g(a)f -(nonpublic)g(area.)24 b(The)16 b(instruction)g(places)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor) -530 1776 y(in)f(concealed)i(or)e(k)o(ernel)i(mo)q(de.)22 b(Note)16 -b(that)g(this)g(function)f(is)h(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(to)530 1826 -y(function)j(0)g(except)i(when)f(the)g(instruction)f(is)g(tak)o(en)h(from)e -(a)h(priv)n(ate)g(area)530 1875 y(b)o(y)c(a)f(public)h(program,)e(an)i(ev)o -(en)o(t)g(that)h(cannot)f(o)q(ccur)h(in)e(a)h(KS10)g(or)g(XKL)1767 -1871 y(-)1779 1875 y(1)530 1925 y(b)q(ecause)h(they)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(no)f -(public)h(mo)q(de.)25 2027 y(02)83 b FC(JRSTF)150 2077 y FJ(25410)530 -2027 y(Restore)20 b(the)g(program)e(\015ags)i(from)e(bits)h(0{12)g(of)g(the)h -(\014nal)f(w)o(ord)g(used)h(in)530 2077 y(the)13 b(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)i -(calculation)c(\(indirect)i(or)f(index)h(w)o(ord\),)f(and)g(jump)f(to)530 -2126 y(lo)q(cation)i FE(E)5 b FJ(.)1067 2246 y FF(Caution)621 -2312 y FJ(Restoring)11 b(the)i(\015ags)e(requires)i(that)e(the)h(instruction) -g(use)g(indexing)621 2362 y(or)k(indirect)f(addressing.)24 -b(Without)15 b(indexing)f(or)i(indirection)f(the)621 2412 y(result)g(is)f -(indeterminate.)621 2497 y(When)g(executed)i(in)d(a)h(non{zero)g(section,)g -(this)g(function)f(traps)i(as)621 2547 y(an)f(unassigned)g(co)q(de)h(\(see)g -FH(x)q FJ(2.16\).)p eop -%%Page: 127 77 -127 76 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.9.)31 b(PR)o(OGRAM)13 b(CONTR)o(OL)1194 -b FJ(127)680 195 y(All)10 b(\015ags,)i(excepting)g(the)g(User)g(and)f(Public) -h(\015ags,)f(are)h(restored)h(according)e(to)680 245 y(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)h -(of)f(the)g(corresp)q(onding)h(bits)f(in)g(the)g(\015ag)g(w)o(ord:)k(a)c -(\015ag)f(is)h(set)h(b)o(y)680 295 y(a)g(1)f(in)h(the)g(bit)g(or)g(cleared)h -(b)o(y)f(a)f(0.)19 b(A)14 b(1)f(in)h(bit)g(5)f(sets)j(User,)e(but)h(a)e(0)h -(has)g(no)680 345 y(e\013ect:)19 b(the)14 b(Monitor)f(can)g(con)o(tin)o(ue)h -(a)f(user)h(program)e(b)o(y)h(restoring)h(\015ags)f(but)680 -394 y(the)j(user)h(cannot)f(lea)o(v)o(e)f(User)i(mo)q(de)e(b)o(y)g(this)h -(metho)q(d.)23 b(A)16 b(0)f(in)g(bit)h(6)f(clears)680 444 y(User)h(In{Out,)f -(but)h(a)f(1)g(sets)h(it)f(only)f(if)h(the)h FC(JRSTF)e FJ(is)h(b)q(eing)g(p) -q(erformed)g(b)o(y)680 494 y(the)d(Monitor;)f(i.e.,)f(if)h(User)h(is)g -(clear.)17 b(A)12 b(1)f(in)g(bit)g(7)g(sets)h(Public,)g(but)f(a)g(0)g(clears) -680 544 y(it)i(only)h(if)f(the)h FC(JRSTF)g FJ(is)f(b)q(eing)h(p)q(erformed)g -(in)f(executiv)o(e)j(mo)q(de)c(with)i(a)g(1)f(in)680 594 y(bit)f(5;)g(i.e.,)g -(User)h(is)g(b)q(eing)f(set.)19 b(These)14 b(conditions)e(imply)e(that)j(the) -g(pro)q(cessor)680 643 y(is)k(en)o(tering)h(user)h(mo)q(de:)24 -b(hence,)19 b(the)f(user)g(cannot)g(en)o(ter)h(concealed)f(mo)q(de)680 -693 y(b)o(y)f(clearing)g(Public.)28 b(Although)16 b(the)i(sup)q(ervisor)g -(can)g(place)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)680 743 y(in)d(User)h(mo)q(de)f(concealed,) -h(it)f(cannot)g(use)i(this)e(pro)q(cedure)i(to)e(en)o(ter)i(Kernel)680 -793 y(mo)q(de.)680 861 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)g(The)12 b(\015ag)e(bits)i(are)g -(assumed)f(to)g(b)q(e)h(in)f(a)g(previously)g(stored)h(PC)g(w)o(ord.)680 -910 y(If)i(the)i(PC)f(w)o(ord)g(w)o(as)g(stored)h(in)e(A)o(C)h(\(as)g(in)g(a) -f FC(JSP)p FJ(\),)g(a)h(common)d(pro)q(cedure)680 960 y(is)18 -b(to)h(use)h(A)o(C)f(to)f(index)h(a)g(zero)g(address;)j(e.g.,)d -FC(JRSTF)13 b(\(A)o(C\))p FJ(,)19 b(so)g(that)g(its)680 1010 -y(righ)o(t)12 b(half)g(b)q(ecomes)h(the)g(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)i(\(the)f -(jump)d(address\).)19 b(If)12 b(the)i(PC)680 1060 y(w)o(ord)c(w)o(as)g -(stored)h(in)f(memory)e(\(as)i(in)g(a)g FC(JSR)p FJ(\),)f(one)i(m)o(ust)e -(address)i(it)f(indirectly)680 1110 y(\(remem)o(b)q(er,)g(bits)h(13{17)f(of)g -(the)i(PC)f(w)o(ord)g(are)h(clear,)f(so,)g(again,)f(its)h(righ)o(t)g(half)680 -1159 y(is)k(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e{address\).)25 b(A)16 b FC(JRSTF)d(\(A)o(C\)) -i FJ(is)g(considerably)h(faster)g(than)f(a)680 1209 y FC(JRSTF)e(@PCW)o(ORD)n -FJ(.)175 1295 y(04)83 b FC(HAL)m(T)300 1345 y FJ(25420)680 -1295 y(Load)12 b FE(E)17 b FJ(in)o(to)12 b(PC)h(and)f(halt)g(the)h(pro)q -(cessor.)20 b(While)11 b(the)j(KL10)e(is)g(halted,)g(the)680 -1345 y(micro)q(co)q(de)i(runs)i(in)f(the)g(halt)g(lo)q(op,)f(in)g(whic)o(h)h -(it)g(will)e(handle)i(in)o(terrupts)h(on)680 1394 y(lev)o(el)f(0)h(and)f -(will)f(resp)q(ond)j(to)f(console)g(and)f(diagnostic)h(functions)f(from)f -(the)680 1444 y(fron)o(t)g(end.)22 b(The)15 b(KS10)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(p)q -(erforms)h(the)g(halt)f(sequence)j(discussed)680 1494 y(in)e -FH(x)p FJ(4.2.7)f(and)h(then)h(runs)f(in)g(the)h(halt)f(lo)q(op,)f(in)h(whic) -o(h)g(it)g(resp)q(onds)i(only)d(to)680 1544 y(commands)c(from)h(the)j -(console.)k(The)13 b(XKL)1386 1540 y(-)1398 1544 y(1)f(runs)i(its)f(micro)q -(co)q(de)f(halt)g(lo)q(op;)680 1594 y(the)h(console)g(terminal)e(will)g(resp) -q(ond)i(to)g(console)f(commands)f(as)h(describ)q(ed)i(in)680 -1643 y FH(x)p FJ(3.2.)680 1721 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)19 b(The)14 -b(halt)g(o)q(ccurs,)i(of)d(course,)j(only)d(when)i(the)g(function)f(is)g -(legal.)k(F)m(or)680 1771 y(debugging)c(purp)q(oses,)i(this)f(function)g(is)f -(often)h(used)h(when)f(illegal,)e(in)h(whic)o(h)680 1821 y(ev)o(en)o(t)g(it)g -(traps)g(as)g(an)g(MUUO)g(\(see)i FH(x)p FJ(2.16\).)175 1906 -y(05)83 b FC(XJRSTF)300 1956 y FJ(25424)680 1906 y(Restore)13 -b(the)g(program)e(\015ags)i(and)f(PC)h(\(and)f(the)i(previous)f(con)o(text,)g -(if)e(appro-)680 1956 y(priate\))f(from)f(a)h(\015ag{PC)g(double)g(w)o(ord)h -(in)e(lo)q(cation)h Fz(E)r(;)d(E)e FJ(+)r(1,)1676 1941 y Fs(46)1721 -1956 y FJ(and)10 b(con)o(tin)o(ue)680 2006 y(p)q(erforming)k(instructions)i -(in)f(normal)f(sequence)j(b)q(eginning)e(at)h(the)g(lo)q(cation)680 -2056 y(then)j(addressed)h(b)o(y)e(PC.)31 b(User)20 b(mo)q(de)d(restrictions)i -(on)f(the)h(manipulation)680 2106 y(of)f(the)i(\015ags)e(b)o(y)h(the)h -(\015ag)e(bits)h(are)g(the)h(same)e(as)h(those)h(for)e FC(JRSTF)g -FJ(giv)o(en)680 2155 y(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)27 b(When)18 b(p)q(erformed)f(in)f -(executiv)o(e)j(mo)q(de,)d(this)h(instruction)h(restores)680 -2205 y(the)c(pro)q(cessor)i(con)o(text)f(from)d(the)i(righ)o(t)g(half)f(of)g -(the)h(w)o(ord)g(in)f(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)5 b FJ(.)175 2307 -y(06)83 b FC(XJEN)300 2357 y FJ(25430)680 2307 y(Restore)18 -b(the)f(lev)o(el)g(on)f(whic)o(h)h(the)g(highest)h(priorit)o(y)e(in)o -(terrupt)h(is)g(curren)o(tly)680 2357 y(b)q(eing)d(held)h(\(i.e.,)e(dismiss)g -(the)i(in)o(terrupt)g(as)g(describ)q(ed)h(in)e FH(x)p FJ(3.4,)f -FH(x)q FJ(4.1.1,)f(and)680 2406 y FH(x)p FJ(4.2.1\),)g(then)j(p)q(erform)e -(an)g FC(XJRSTF)p FJ(.)680 2484 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)20 b(This)15 -b(instruction)g(can)h(b)q(e)f(used)h(in)f(an)o(y)g(section.)22 -b(It)15 b(is)g(the)g(only)g(w)o(a)o(y)680 2534 y(to)f(dismiss)e(an)i(in)o -(terrupt)g(routine)h(or)e(restore)j(an)d(in)o(terrupted)j(program)c(in)h(a)p -150 2569 720 2 v 181 2595 a Fr(46)214 2607 y Fq(Refer)d(to)h(the)g -(description)e(of)i Fi(E)r(;)5 b(E)10 b Fq(+)e(1)j(on)g(page)g(52.)p -eop -%%Page: 128 78 -128 77 bop 0 50 a FJ(128)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)530 195 y FJ(non{zero)g(section.)25 281 y(07)83 -b FC(XPCW)150 330 y FJ(25434)530 281 y(Sa)o(v)o(e)16 b(the)h(program)e -(\015ags)h(and)h(PC)f(\(and)h(the)g(previous{con)o(text)g(section,)h(if)530 -330 y(relev)n(an)o(t\))10 b(in)f(a)h(\015ag{PC)f(double)g(w)o(ord)h(in)f(lo)q -(cation)g Fz(E)r(;)e(E)k FJ(+)f(1)o(.)1521 315 y Fs(46)1573 -330 y FJ(Then)g(restore)530 380 y(the)j(\015ags)g(and)g(PC)g(from)f(a)g -(\015ag{PC)h(double)g(w)o(ord)g(in)f(lo)q(cation)g Fz(E)g FJ(+)d(2)p -Fz(;)e(E)k FJ(+)e(3)530 430 y(and)k(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(p)q(erforming)d -(instructions)k(in)e(normal)e(sequence)k(b)q(eginning)e(at)530 -480 y(the)i(lo)q(cation)f(then)i(addressed)h(b)o(y)e(PC.)21 -b(Restrictions)16 b(on)f(the)g(manipulation)530 530 y(of)j(the)i(\015ags)e(b) -o(y)h(the)h(\015ag)e(bits)h(are)g(the)h(same)e(as)h(those)h(for)e -FC(JRSTF)g FJ(giv)o(en)530 580 y(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)530 657 y -FE(Notes)s FJ(:)k(In)15 b(a)h(KS10)f(or)h(an)f(extended)i(KL10,)e(this)h -(instruction)g(can)g(b)q(e)g(used)530 707 y(only)h(for)h(calling)f(an)h(in)o -(terrupt)h(routine.)31 b(In)18 b(the)h(extended)g(KL10,)g(this)f(is)530 -757 y(the)g(recommended)f(instruction)g(for)h(en)o(tering)g(an)f(in)o -(terrupt)h(routine.)30 b(The)530 807 y(four{w)o(ord)16 b(blo)q(c)o(k)h(at)f -(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)22 b FJ(m)o(ust)16 b(b)q(e)h(in)g(section)g(zero,)h(b)q -(ecause)h(that)530 856 y(is)d(the)g(default)g(section)h(for)f(instructions)g -(executed)i(in)e(in)o(terrupt)h(lo)q(cations.)530 906 y(The)c(return)g(from)d -(the)j(routine)g(w)o(ould)e(t)o(ypically)g(b)q(e)i(made)e(b)o(y)h(an)g -FC(XJEN)g FJ(that)530 956 y(addresses)18 b(the)f(same)f(blo)q(c)o(k)g -(\(i.e.,)f(that)i(uses)g(the)g(\014rst)g(double)f(w)o(ord)g(in)g(the)530 -1006 y(blo)q(c)o(k\).)530 1074 y(In)d(the)g(XKL)742 1070 y(-)754 -1074 y(1,)f FC(XPCW)g FJ(is)g(allo)o(w)o(ed)g(in)g(programs.)17 -b(In)12 b(the)i(XKL)1577 1070 y(-)1589 1074 y(1,)e(the)h(e\013ect)530 -1123 y(of)i FC(XPCW)g FJ(is)g(sim)o(ulated)f(b)o(y)i(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i -(with)d(resp)q(ect)j(to)e(the)g(appropri-)530 1173 y(ate)h(In)o(terrupt)h -(Con)o(trol)e(Blo)q(c)o(k;)i(see)g FH(x)p FJ(3.4.4.)25 b(When)17 -b(executed)i(in)d(executiv)o(e)530 1223 y(mo)q(de)9 b(or)i(when)g(sim)o -(ulated)d(for)i(in)o(terrupt)i(acceptance,)g FC(XPCW)e FJ(loads)f(the)j(new) -530 1273 y(pro)q(cessor)k(con)o(text)e(from)e(the)j(righ)o(t)e(half)g(of)g -Fz(E)f FJ(+)d(2.)25 1358 y(10)83 b FE(\(no)15 b(mnemonic\))150 -1408 y FJ(25440)530 1358 y(Restore)j(the)f(lev)o(el)g(on)f(whic)o(h)h(the)g -(highest)h(priorit)o(y)e(in)o(terrupt)h(is)g(curren)o(tly)530 -1408 y(b)q(eing)e(held;)f(i.e.,)g(dismiss)f(the)j(in)o(terrupt)f(as)g -(describ)q(ed)i(in)d FH(x)p FJ(3.4,)g FH(x)p FJ(4.1.1,)f(and)530 -1458 y FH(x)p FJ(4.2.1.)25 1560 y(11)83 b FC(XJRSTP)150 1609 -y FJ(25444)530 1560 y(Restore)16 b(the)g(program)e(\015ags,)i(con)o(text,)g -(PC,)f(and)g(the)h(state)h(of)d(the)j(Priorit)o(y)530 1609 -y(In)o(terrupt)e(system.)j(P)o(erform)c(the)g FC(XJRSTF)f FJ(function)h -(using)g(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(of)530 1659 y FE(E)h FJ(and)12 -b Fz(E)7 b FJ(+)f(1)12 b(as)g(data.)17 b(Then)c(p)q(erform)e -FC(WRPI)g FJ(\()p FH(x)q FJ(3.4.8\))f(using)i(the)h(righ)o(t{half)530 -1709 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)19 b(of)e Fz(E)d FJ(+)f(2)k(as)i(data.)30 -b(This)18 b(instruction)g(restores)i(pro)q(cessor)g(state)530 -1759 y(as)13 b(an)h(indivisible)e(op)q(eration.)18 b(This)13 -b(op)q(eration)h(is)f(implemen)o(ted)e(only)i(in)g(the)530 -1809 y(XKL)621 1805 y(-)633 1809 y(1;)g(it)h(is)f(legal)g(only)g(in)h -(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de.)25 1910 y(12)83 b FC(JEN)150 1960 -y FJ(25450)530 1910 y(Restore)18 b(the)f(lev)o(el)g(on)f(whic)o(h)h(the)g -(highest)h(priorit)o(y)e(in)o(terrupt)h(is)g(curren)o(tly)530 -1960 y(b)q(eing)c(held)h(\(i.e.,)e(dismiss)g(the)i(in)o(terrupt,)g(as)f -(describ)q(ed)i(in)e FH(x)p FJ(3.4,)f FH(x)q FJ(4.1.1,)f(and)530 -2010 y FH(x)p FJ(4.2.1\),)h(then)j(p)q(erform)e(a)g FC(JRSTF)p -FJ(.)25 2111 y(13)83 b FC(HAL)m(TRM)150 2161 y FJ(25454)530 -2111 y(Halt)15 b(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(and)e(reload)f(the)i(micro)q(co)q(de.) -24 b(This)16 b(instruction)g(is)g(im-)530 2161 y(plemen)o(ted)c(only)f(in)h -(the)h(XKL)1025 2157 y(-)1037 2161 y(1,)f(where)h(it)f(is)g(legal)f(only)g -(in)h(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de.)530 2211 y(The)h FE(I)7 b FJ(,)13 -b FE(X)7 b FJ(,)13 b(and)h FE(Y)21 b FJ(\014elds)15 b(are)f(reserv)o(ed.)25 -2313 y(14)83 b FC(SFM)150 2362 y FJ(25460)530 2313 y(Sa)o(v)o(e)15 -b(the)h(program)e(\015ags)i(in)f(bits)h(0{12)e(of)h(memory)e(lo)q(cation)i -FE(E)21 b FJ(\(clear)16 b(bits)530 2362 y(13{17\).)25 b(If)17 -b(the)g(instruction)g(is)g(giv)o(en)f(in)g(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de)e(in)g(an)g -(extended)530 2412 y(pro)q(cessor,)c(sa)o(v)o(e)e(the)g(previous)g(con)o -(text)h(\(in)e(the)i(KL10,)f(the)g(previous{con)o(text)530 -2462 y(section,)k(in)g(bits)h(31{35,)d(clearing)i(bits)h(18{30;)d(in)i(the)h -(XKL)1518 2458 y(-)1530 2462 y(1,)f(the)h(accum)o(u-)530 2512 -y(lator)g(selection)i(and)f(previous{con)o(text)h(section)f(in)g(bits)g -(18{35\),)f(otherwise)530 2562 y(clear)h(bits)g(18{35.)22 b(\(This)16 -b(instruction)g(is)f(also)g(kno)o(wn)h(to)f(some)g(soft)o(w)o(are)h(as)530 -2612 y FC(XSFM)p FJ(.\))p eop -%%Page: 129 79 -129 78 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.9.)31 b(PR)o(OGRAM)13 b(CONTR)o(OL)1194 -b FJ(129)175 195 y(15)83 b FC(XJRST)300 245 y FJ(25464)680 -195 y(Jump)14 b(to)h(the)h(lo)q(cation)e(giv)o(en)h(b)o(y)g(bits)g(6{35)f(of) -h(the)g(w)o(ord)g(addressed)i(b)o(y)e FE(E)5 b FJ(.)680 245 -y(Bits)16 b(0{5)f(of)g(the)h(w)o(ord)g(addressed)h(b)o(y)f -FE(E)k FJ(are)c(ignored.)24 b(This)15 b(instruction)h(is)680 -295 y(not)e(implem)o(en)o(ted)e(in)i(the)g(KS10,)f(where)i(it)f(is)g(handled) -f(as)h(an)g(MUUO.)150 408 y(The)19 b(remaining)e(unde\014ned)j(functions)g -(execute)g(as)f(MUUOs,)i(as)e(do)q(es)h(an)o(y)e(de\014ned)i(function)f(when) -h(it)e(is)150 458 y(illegal.)150 544 y(One)c(can)f(program)e(a)h(function)h -(b)o(y)f(giving)g FC(JRST)g FJ(with)h(the)g(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(of)g(an)h(A)o -(C)g(address)h(that)f(sp)q(eci\014es)h(the)150 593 y(function)h(co)q(de.)21 -b(F)m(or)15 b(the)g(sixteen)h(forms)e(of)g(the)h(instruction,)g(T)m(able)g -(2.1)f(lists)g(the)i(individual)d(mnemonic,)f(if)150 643 y(an)o(y)m(,)g(and)i -(indicates)g(where)h(that)f(form)e(of)i(the)g(instruction)g(is)g(legal)f(in)h -(eac)o(h)g(of)f(the)i(di\013eren)o(t)g(pro)q(cessors.)p 150 -892 1495 4 v 150 817 V 148 890 4 75 v 1643 890 V 688 890 V -729 890 V 896 890 V 162 922 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 867 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 922 -y Fq(8)p 522 890 V 24 w(9)593 867 y FE(F)150 784 y Fk(JRST)482 -787 y(Jump)17 b(and)i(Resto)n(re)g(\(KI10/KA10\))306 866 y -FJ(254)150 1017 y(P)o(erform)14 b(the)h(functions)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e -FE(F)21 b FJ(if)13 b(they)j(are)f(legal;)e(then,)i(if)f(the)i(function)e(w)o -(as)g(p)q(erformed)h(and)f(the)150 1067 y(pro)q(cessor)h(is)d(not)h(halted,)f -(tak)o(e)h(the)g(next)g(instruction)g(from)e(lo)q(cation)h -FE(E)18 b FJ(and)12 b(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(sequen)o(tial)g(op)q(eration)150 -1117 y(from)f(there.)19 b(Bits)c(9{12)e(are)h(programmed)d(as)j(follo)o(ws.) -150 1185 y FE(Bit)53 b(F)m(unction)16 b(Pr)n(o)n(duc)n(e)n(d)f(by)g(a)g(1)g -(if)g(L)n(e)n(gal)150 1306 y FJ(9)88 b(Restore)16 b(the)g(lev)o(el)e(on)h -(whic)o(h)g(the)g(highest)g(priorit)o(y)g(in)o(terrupt)g(is)g(curren)o(tly)h -(b)q(eing)f(held;)g(i.e.,)e(dismiss)259 1356 y(the)i(in)o(terrupt)g(\()p -FH(x)p FJ(4.3.2,)d FH(x)p FJ(4.3.5\).)150 1441 y(10)67 b(Halt)12 -b(the)h(pro)q(cessor.)20 b(When)12 b(it)g(stops,)h(the)g(AR)f(ligh)o(ts)g(on) -g(the)h(KI10)f(and)h(the)g(MA)f(ligh)o(ts)g(on)g(the)h(KA10)259 -1491 y(displa)o(y)h(an)h(address)h(1)e(greater)i(than)e(that)h(of)f(the)h(lo) -q(cation)f(con)o(taining)g(the)h(instruction)g(that)g(caused)259 -1541 y(the)f(halt,)e(and)g(PC)h(displa)o(ys)f(the)i(jump)d(address)j(\(the)f -(lo)q(cation)f(from)f(whic)o(h)i(the)g(next)g(instruction)g(will)259 -1591 y(b)q(e)i(tak)o(en)e(if)g(the)h(op)q(erator)h(causes)g(the)f(pro)q -(cessor)h(to)f(resume)f(op)q(eration)h(without)f(c)o(hanging)g(PC\).)g(AR)259 -1641 y(or)i(MA)f(actually)g(displa)o(ys)g(the)h(address)h(of)d(the)i(lo)q -(cation)f(that)g(w)o(ould)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)i(executed)g(next)f(had)259 -1690 y(the)f FC(JRST)f FJ(b)q(een)h(replaced)g(b)o(y)f(a)f(no{op.)17 -b(Th)o(us,)c(except)i(for)d(a)h FC(JRST)g FJ(in)f(an)h(in)o(terrupt,)h(the)f -(ligh)o(ts)f(p)q(oin)o(t)259 1740 y(to)g(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(1)g(b)q(ey)o -(ond)h(that)g(con)o(taining)e(the)j(instruction)f(that)f(caused)i(the)f -(halt.)17 b(This)12 b(instruction)259 1790 y(is)i(ordinarily)f(the)h -FC(JRST)p FJ(;)f(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)h(it)g(could)f(b)q(e)i(an)e -FC(X)o(CT)h FJ(or)f(an)h(MUUO.)150 1876 y(11)67 b(Restore)14 -b(the)f(program)e(\015ags)i(from)e(bits)h(0{12)g(of)g(the)h(\014nal)f(w)o -(ord)h(used)g(in)g(the)g(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)i(calcu-)259 -1925 y(lation.)h(Hence,)d(to)e(restore)i(\015ags)f(requires)g(that)f(the)h -(instruction)g(use)g(indexing)f(or)g(indirect)h(addressing.)259 -1975 y(Restrictions)18 b(on)f(the)g(manipulation)d(of)i(the)h(\015ags)g(b)o -(y)g(the)g(\015ag)g(bits)g(are)g(the)g(same)f(as)h(those)h(for)e(the)259 -2025 y(KL10)e FC(JRSTF)f FJ(giv)o(en)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)j(\(The)e(notes)g(on)e -(addressing)i(giv)o(en)e(there)i(also)f(apply)m(.\))150 2111 -y(12)67 b FE(KA10)6 b FJ(:)18 b(En)o(ter)d(user)g(mo)q(de.)i(The)d(user)h -(program)e(starts)i(at)e(relo)q(cated)i(lo)q(cation)e FE(E)5 -b FJ(.)259 2178 y FE(KI10)h FJ(:)29 b(This)19 b(is)g(the)h -FC(PORT)m(AL)e FJ(instruction.)34 b(It)20 b(is)f(simply)e(a)i(jump)e(except)k -(when)f(fetc)o(hed)g(from)d(a)259 2228 y(nonpublic)11 b(area,)g(in)g(whic)o -(h)g(case)h(it)f(clears)g(Public.)17 b(In)11 b(other)h(w)o(ords,)g(a)e(lo)q -(cation)g(con)o(taining)g(a)h FC(PORT)m(AL)259 2278 y FJ(is)f(the)h(only)e(v) -n(alid)g(en)o(try)i(to)e(a)h(nonpublic)g(area,)g(and)g(the)h(instruction)f -(places)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)g(in)f(concealed)259 2328 y(or)k(k)o(ernel)h(mo) -q(de.)150 2431 y(While)f(the)i(KA10)e(is)h(in)f(user)i(mo)q(de,)e(if)g -FC(JRST)h FJ(is)f(executed)j(as)e(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(instruction)f(or)g(b)o -(y)f(an)h(MUUO,)150 2481 y(the)f(pro)q(cessor)i(lea)o(v)o(es)e(user)h(mo)q -(de.)150 2567 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)k(T)m(o)14 b(pro)q(duce)i(a)e(com)o(bination) -e(of)h(these)j(functions,)e(the)h(programmer)d(can)j(sp)q(ecify)g(the)g -(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(of)150 2616 y(an)i(A)o(C)g(address)i(that)e(places)h(1s)f -(in)g(the)h(appropriate)f(bits;)h(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)g FD(Ma)o(cr)o(o)g -FJ(recognizes)g(mnemonics)d(for)p eop -%%Page: 130 80 -130 79 bop 0 50 a FJ(130)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)219 452 y FF(T)-5 b(able)19 b(2.1:)24 b(Domains)17 -b(in)i(whic)n(h)g(JRST)f(F)-5 b(unctions)19 b(are)g(Legal)0 -538 y FJ(The)14 b(meanings)f(of)g(the)i(sym)o(b)q(ols)d(used)j(to)e(de\014ne) -i(the)g(legal)e(domains)f(of)h(the)h(functions)g(are)h(as)f(follo)o(ws.)0 -605 y(Y)m(es)77 b(Legal)13 b(ev)o(erywhere.)0 691 y(Z)114 b(Legal)13 -b(only)h(in)f(section)i(zero.)0 777 y(IO)92 b(Legal)14 b(wherev)o(er)h(IO)g -(instructions)g(are)f(legal;)f(i.e.,)g(in)g(user)i(IO)g(mo)q(de)e(\(User)i -(and)f(User)h(In{Out)g(b)q(oth)139 826 y(set\))g(and)f(in)f(k)o(ernel)i(mo)q -(de)d(\(executiv)o(e)k(mo)q(de)c(in)i(the)g(XKL)1103 822 y(-)1116 -826 y(1,)f(KS10,)g(and)h(KA10\).)0 912 y(K)107 b(Legal)13 b(only)h(in)f(k)o -(ernel)h(mo)q(de)f(\(in)h(the)g(XKL)851 908 y(-)863 912 y(1)g(and)g(the)g -(KS10,)f(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de)e(is)h(k)o(ernel)g(mo)q(de\).)0 -997 y(No)87 b(Legal)13 b(no)o(where)i(\(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(executes)j(as)e(an)g -(MUUO\).)0 1083 y({H)87 b(Legal)13 b(where)i(indicated)f(b)o(y)g(\014rst)h -(sym)o(b)q(ol)d(but)i(causes)h(a)f(halt.)0 1169 y({RM)49 b(Legal)9 -b(where)h(indicated)g(b)o(y)f(\014rst)h(sym)o(b)q(ol)d(but)j(causes)h(the)e -(mac)o(hine)f(to)i(halt)e(and)h(reload)h(its)f(micro)q(co)q(de.)1035 -1234 y FE(Single{)822 1283 y(Extende)n(d)51 b(se)n(ction)625 -1333 y FJ(XKL)716 1329 y(-)728 1333 y(1)73 b FE(KL10)113 b(KL10)79 -b(KS10)50 b(KI10)h(KA10)193 1419 y FC(JRST)14 b(0,)70 b(JRST)119 -b FJ(Y)m(es)135 b(Y)m(es)151 b(Y)m(es)117 b(Y)m(es)85 b(Y)m(es)79 -b(Y)m(es)193 1469 y FC(JRST)14 b(1,)70 b(PORT)m(AL)57 b FJ(Y)m(es)135 -b(Y)m(es)151 b(Y)m(es)117 b(Y)m(es)85 b(Y)m(es)79 b(Y)m(es)193 -1518 y FC(JRST)14 b(2,)70 b(JRSTF)95 b FJ(Z)172 b(Z)188 b(Y)m(es)117 -b(Y)m(es)85 b(Y)m(es)79 b(Y)m(es)193 1568 y FC(JRST)14 b(3,)287 -b FJ(No)145 b(No)161 b(No)127 b(No)95 b(Y)m(es)79 b(Y)m(es)193 -1618 y FC(JRST)14 b(4,)70 b(HAL)m(T)113 b FJ(K{H)g(K{H)129 -b(K{H)95 b(K{H)63 b(K{H)57 b(IO{H)193 1668 y FC(JRST)14 b(5,)70 -b(XJRSTF)d FJ(Y)m(es)135 b(Y)m(es)151 b(No)127 b(Y)m(es)85 -b(K{H)57 b(IO{H)193 1718 y FC(JRST)14 b(6,)70 b(XJEN)115 b -FJ(IO)150 b(IO)166 b(No)127 b(K)115 b(K{H)57 b(IO{H)193 1767 -y FC(JRST)14 b(7,)70 b(XPCW)96 b FJ(IO)150 b(IO)166 b(No)127 -b(K)115 b(K{H)57 b(IO{H)193 1817 y FC(JRST)14 b(10,)266 b FJ(IO)150 -b(IO)166 b(IO)132 b(IO)100 b(K)109 b(IO)193 1867 y FC(JRST)14 -b(11,)49 b(XJRSTP)64 b FJ(K)165 b(No)c(No)127 b(No)95 b(K)109 -b(IO)193 1917 y FC(JRST)14 b(12,)49 b(JEN)143 b FJ(Z)14 b FH(^)g -FJ(IO)753 1902 y Fw(?)822 1917 y FJ(Z)g FH(^)g FJ(IO)950 1902 -y Fw(?)1035 1917 y FJ(IO)132 b(IO)100 b(K)109 b(IO)193 1967 -y FC(JRST)14 b(13,)49 b(HAL)m(TRM)h FJ(K{RM)75 b(No)161 b(No)127 -b(No)95 b(K)109 b(IO)193 2016 y FC(JRST)14 b(14,)49 b(SFM)134 -b FJ(Y)m(es)h(Y)m(es)151 b(No)127 b(K)115 b(K{H)57 b(IO{H)193 -2066 y FC(JRST)14 b(15,)49 b(XJRST)91 b FJ(Y)m(es)135 b(Y)m(es)151 -b(Y)m(es)117 b(No)95 b(K{H)57 b(IO{H)193 2116 y FC(JRST)14 -b(16,)266 b FJ(No)145 b(No)161 b(No)127 b(No)95 b(K{H)57 b(IO{H)193 -2166 y FC(JRST)14 b(17,)266 b FJ(No)145 b(No)161 b(No)127 b(No)95 -b(K{H)57 b(IO{H)p 0 2222 706 1 v 0 2251 a Ff(?)30 2263 y Fv(JEN)11 -b Fq(is)h(legal)e(only)g(where)h(IO)h(is)g(legal)e(in)h(section)f(zero.)0 -2348 y FJ(An)o(y)15 b FC(JRST)f FJ(function)h(executed)i(in)d(a)h(domain)d -(where)k(the)g(function)e(is)h(not)g(legal)f(is)g(handled)h(as)g(an)g(MUUO;)0 -2398 y(see)g FH(x)q FJ(2.16.)p eop -%%Page: 131 81 -131 80 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.9.)31 b(PR)o(OGRAM)13 b(CONTR)o(OL)1194 -b FJ(131)150 195 y(the)14 b(most)f(imp)q(ortan)o(t)f(13{bit)h(instruction)h -(co)q(des)h(\(bits)g(0{12\).)175 330 y FB(JRST)186 b(JRST)21 -b(0,)196 b FJ(Jump)768 b(25400)449 380 y FB(JRST)21 b(10,)174 -b FJ(Jump)12 b(and)i(Restore)h(In)o(terrupt)g(Lev)o(el)249 -b(25440)175 430 y FB(HALT)186 b(JRST)21 b(4,)196 b FJ(Halt)791 -b(25420)175 479 y FB(JRSTF)164 b(JRST)21 b(2,)196 b FJ(Jump)12 -b(and)i(Restore)h(Flags)427 b(25410)175 529 y FB(PORTAL)142 -b(JRST)21 b(1,)196 b FJ(Allo)o(w)12 b(Nonpublic)i(En)o(try)g(\(KI10\))315 -b(25404)798 579 y(Jump)12 b(to)i(User)h(Program)e(\(KA10\))175 -629 y FB(JEN)208 b(JRST)21 b(12,)174 b FJ(Jump)12 b(and)i(Enable)550 -b(25450)150 748 y FC(JEN)10 b FJ(completes)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i(b)o(y)e -(restoring)h(the)h(lev)o(el)e(and)g(restoring)i(the)f(\015ags)f(for)h(the)g -(in)o(terrupted)h(program.)150 798 y(It)i(is)g(a)f(com)o(bination)f(of)h -FC(JRST)h(10,)e FJ(and)i FC(JRSTF)p FJ(.)952 914 y FF(Caution)254 -1005 y FJ(Giving)f(a)i FC(JRSTF)g FJ(or)g FC(JEN)g FJ(without)g(indexing)f -(or)h(indirect)h(addressing)g(restores)h(the)f(\015ags)f(from)254 -1055 y(the)f(instruction)g(co)q(de)h(itself.)150 1265 y FF(2.9.5)55 -b(Subroutine)18 b(Calling)150 1377 y FJ(Curren)o(tly)c(the)g(stac)o(k)f -(instructions)h FC(PUSHJ)f FJ(and)g FC(POPJ)p FJ(,)e(describ)q(ed)k(in)e -FH(x)p FJ(2.10,)f(are)i(emplo)o(y)o(ed)e(almost)f(univ)o(er-)150 -1427 y(sally)g(for)g(handling)g(subroutines.)18 b(Describ)q(ed)c(here)f(are)f -(four)f(traditional)g(subroutine{handling)g(instructions,)150 -1477 y(the)j(\014rst)h(t)o(w)o(o)f(of)f(whic)o(h)h(still)f(enjo)o(y)g(some)g -(p)q(opularit)o(y)m(.)p 150 1725 1495 4 v 150 1651 V 148 1724 -4 75 v 1643 1724 V 688 1724 V 729 1724 V 896 1724 V 162 1755 -a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1701 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1755 y Fq(8)p 522 1724 V 24 w(9)591 -1701 y FE(A)150 1617 y Fk(JSR)241 b(Jump)17 b(to)i(Sub)n(routine)306 -1700 y FJ(264)1665 1703 y FE(A)14 b FJ(is)g(not)f(used.)1917 -1688 y Fs(47)150 1851 y FJ(In)i(section)g(zero,)h(sa)o(v)o(e)f(the)g(program) -f(\015ags)g(and)h(PC)g(in)f(a)h(PC)g(w)o(ord)g(in)f(lo)q(cation)g -FE(E)5 b FJ(;)14 b(in)h(a)f(non{zero)i(section,)150 1901 y(sa)o(v)o(e)g(PC)g -(in)f(bits)h(6{35)e(of)h(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)21 b FJ(\(clear)16 -b(bits)g(0{5\).)22 b(In)16 b(either)g(case)h(jump)d(to)h(lo)q(cation)g -Fz(E)e FJ(+)d(1.)1820 1886 y Fs(48)1879 1901 y FJ(The)150 1950 -y(\015ags)15 b(are)h(una\013ected)h(except)g(First)e(P)o(art)h(Done,)f -(Address)i(F)m(ailure)d(Inhibit,)h(and)g(the)h(trap)f(\015ags,)g(whic)o(h)h -(are)150 2000 y(cleared.)150 2086 y(While)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)g(is)f(in)g -(user)h(mo)q(de,)d(if)i(this)f(instruction)i(is)e(executed)j(as)e(an)g(in)o -(terrupt)h(instruction)f(\(or)150 2136 y(b)o(y)i(a)g(KA10)h(MUUO\),)f(the)h -(pro)q(cessor)i(lea)o(v)o(es)d(user)i(mo)q(de,)e(clearing)g(Public.)31 -b(\(An)19 b(in)o(terrupt)g(that)g(is)f(not)150 2185 y(dismissed)13 -b(automatically)e(returns)k(con)o(trol)f(to)g(k)o(ernel)g(mo)q(de.\))p -150 2437 1495 4 v 150 2362 V 148 2435 4 75 v 1643 2435 V 688 -2435 V 729 2435 V 896 2435 V 162 2466 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2412 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2466 -y Fq(8)p 522 2435 V 24 w(9)591 2412 y FE(A)150 2328 y Fk(JSP)241 -b(Jump)17 b(and)i(Save)g(PC)306 2411 y FJ(265)p 150 2503 720 -2 v 181 2530 a Fr(47)214 2542 y Fq(The)11 b Fh(A)h Fq(p)q(ortion)e(of)h(this) -g(instruction)d(is)k(reserv)o(ed)d(and)i(should)f(b)q(e)h(zero.)181 -2570 y Fr(48)214 2581 y Fq(Refer)f(to)h(the)g(description)e(of)i -Fi(E)r(;)5 b(E)10 b Fq(+)e(1)j(on)g(page)g(52.)p eop -%%Page: 132 82 -132 81 bop 0 50 a FJ(132)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(In)f(section)h(zero,)g(sa)o(v)o(e)g(the)f(program) -f(\015ags)h(and)g(PC)h(in)f(a)g(PC)g(w)o(ord)g(in)g(A)o(C;)g(in)g(a)g -(non{zero)h(section,)f(sa)o(v)o(e)h(PC)0 245 y(in)f(A)o(C)h(bits)g(6{35)f -(\(clear)h(bits)g(0{5\).)j(In)d(either)g(case)h(jump)d(to)i(lo)q(cation)f -FE(E)5 b FJ(.)13 b(The)h(\015ags)g(are)g(una\013ected)i(except)0 -295 y(First)e(P)o(art)g(Done,)g(Address)h(F)m(ailure)e(Inhibit,)g(and)h(the)g -(trap)g(\015ags,)g(whic)o(h)f(are)i(cleared.)0 380 y(While)f(the)h(KI10)f(or) -g(KA10)g(is)h(in)f(user)h(mo)q(de,)e(if)h(this)g(instruction)h(is)f(executed) -j(as)d(an)g(in)o(terrupt)i(instruction)0 430 y(\(or)f(b)o(y)f(a)g(KA10)g -(MUUO\),)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(lea)o(v)o(es)d(user)i(mo)q(de,)d(clearing)h -(Public.)20 b(\(An)15 b(in)o(terrupt)g(that)g(is)f(not)0 480 -y(dismissed)f(automatically)e(returns)k(con)o(trol)f(to)g(k)o(ernel)g(mo)q -(de.\))0 565 y(When)h(a)f(subroutine)h(is)g(called)f(in)g(section)h(zero)g(b) -o(y)g(a)f FC(JSR)f(M)q FJ(,)h(the)h(t)o(ypical)f(metho)q(d)f(of)h(returning)h -(from)e(it)h(is)0 615 y(to)h(giv)o(e)f(a)h FC(JRSTF)e(@M)p -FJ(,)i(whic)o(h)g(not)g(only)f(returns)j(to)e(the)h(original)d(program)g(but) -j(also)e(restores)j(the)f(original)0 665 y(states)f(of)f(the)h(program)e -(\015ags)h(using)g(the)h(PC)f(w)o(ord)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)h(b)o(y)f(the)h -FC(JSR)p FJ(.)e(In)h(a)g(non{zero)h(section,)f(there)i(is)e(an)0 -715 y(analogous)f(pro)q(cedure)i(using)f(a)g(\015ag{PC)f(double)h(w)o(ord.)k -(The)c(subroutine)h(is)e(called)h(b)o(y)153 836 y FB(SFM)108 -b(M)153 885 y(JSR)g(M+1)0 1042 y FJ(and)16 b(the)g(return)h(is)e(made)g(b)o -(y)g FC(XJRSTF)e(M)p FJ(.)24 b(A)16 b(similar)d(analogy)h(holds)h(for)h -FC(JSP)o FJ(.)23 b(The)16 b(follo)o(wing)d(discussion)0 1092 -y(of)i(subroutine)h(calling)e(is)h(geared)h(to)f(section)h(zero.)23 -b(The)16 b(application)e(of)h(these)h(ideas)g(to)f(non{zero)h(sections)0 -1142 y(requires)i(suc)o(h)g(substitutions)f(as)g(a)f(\015ag{PC)h(double)f(w)o -(ord)h(for)f(a)h(PC)g(w)o(ord,)g FC(XJRSTF)e FJ(for)i FC(JRSTF)o -FJ(,)g(and)g(so)0 1191 y(forth.)0 1277 y FC(JSR)h FJ(and)h -FC(JSP)e FJ(are)i(unconditional,)f(but)h(the)g(execution)h(of)e(suc)o(h)h(an) -g(instruction)g(can)f(b)q(e)i(the)f(result)g(of)f(a)0 1327 -y(decision)e(made)e(b)o(y)i(an)o(y)f(conditional)f(skip)i(or)f(jump.)22 -b(In)16 b(the)g(case)h(of)e(the)h(\015ags,)g(a)f(basic)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w) -f(test)i(and)0 1377 y(subroutine)e(call)e(can)h(b)q(e)g(made)f(as)h(follo)o -(ws.)153 1497 y FB(JOV)86 b(.+2)196 b(;jump)20 b(over)h(the)h(next)e -(instruction)g(if)h(overflow)g(is)g(set)153 1547 y(JRST)64 -b(.+2)196 b(;Overflow)20 b(is)h(clear,)f(jump)h(over)g(the)h(next)f -(instruction)153 1597 y(JSR)86 b(OVRFLO)130 b(;execute)20 b(this)h -(instruction)e(if)j(Overflow)e(is)h(set)153 1647 y(.)153 1697 -y(.)0 1853 y FJ(Because)f(the)e(No)f(Divide)g(\015ag)g(is)h(not)f(among)f -(the)i(\015ags)g(that)f(are)h(testable)h(b)o(y)e FC(JF)o(CL)p -FJ(,)f(to)i(test)h(for)e(the)h(No)0 1903 y(Divide)d(condition,)g(one)g(m)o -(ust)g(\014rst)h(read)g(the)h(\015ags)e(in)o(to)g(an)g(accum)o(ulator.)22 -b(The)16 b(follo)o(wing)d(example)i(sho)o(ws)0 1953 y(ho)o(w)e(to)h(call)f -(the)i FC(DIVERR)d FJ(subroutine)j(when)f(No)g(Divide)f(is)h(set:)153 -2074 y FB(JSP)64 b(T,.+1)152 b(;Store)20 b(flags)h(but)g(continue)f(in)i -(sequence)153 2123 y(TLNE)42 b(T,40)174 b(;40)21 b(in)g(the)h(left)f(half)f -(selects)h(bit)g(12)153 2173 y(JSR)64 b(DIVERR)130 b(;execute)20 -b(this)h(if)g(No)h(Divide)e(is)i(set.)153 2223 y(.)153 2273 -y(.)0 2429 y FJ(A)13 b(subroutine)h(called)f(b)o(y)g(a)g FC(JSR)g -FJ(m)o(ust)f(ha)o(v)o(e)i(its)f(en)o(try)h(p)q(oin)o(t)f(reserv)o(ed)i(for)e -(the)h(PC)f(w)o(ord.)18 b(Hence,)c(it)f(is)g(non{)0 2479 y(reen)o(tran)o(t:) -20 b(the)14 b FC(JSR)g FJ(mo)q(di\014es)f(memory)e(so)k(the)f(subroutine)h -(cannot)f(b)q(e)h(shared)g(with)f(other)g(pro)q(cesses.)22 -b(The)0 2529 y FC(JSP)11 b FJ(requires)i(an)f(accum)o(ulator,)e(but)i(it)g -(is)g(faster)g(and)g(is)g(con)o(v)o(enien)o(t)g(for)f(argumen)o(t)g(passing.) -17 b(T)m(o)12 b(return)h(from)0 2579 y(a)k FC(JSR)p FJ({called)g(subroutine,) -i(one)f(usually)e(addresses)k(the)e(PC)g(w)o(ord)g(indirectly)m(,)f -(returning)h(to)g(the)g(lo)q(cation)0 2629 y(follo)o(wing)13 -b(the)k FC(JSR)p FJ(.)e(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)i(there)g(are)f(t)o(w)o(o)g(w)o(a)o -(ys)g(to)g(get)g(bac)o(k)g(from)e(a)i FC(JSP)p FJ(.)f(One)i(can)f(address)h -(the)g(PC)p eop -%%Page: 133 83 -133 82 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.9.)31 b(PR)o(OGRAM)13 b(CONTR)o(OL)1194 -b FJ(133)150 195 y(w)o(ord)18 b(indirectly)g(with)g(a)g FC(JRST)c(@A)o(C)j -FJ(\(or)h FC(JRSTF)13 b(@A)o(C)o FJ(,)19 b(if)e(the)i(\015ags)f(m)o(ust)f(b)q -(e)i(restored\).)33 b(Alternativ)o(ely)m(,)150 245 y(one)19 -b(can)f(return)i(b)o(y)e(addressing)h(A)o(C)f(as)h(an)f(index)h(register:)28 -b FC(JRST)13 b(\(A)o(C\))p FJ(.)31 b(By)19 b(using)f(the)h(second)h(return) -150 295 y(metho)q(d,)13 b(one)h(can)g(place)g Fz(N)k FJ(w)o(ords)c(of)g(data) -f(for)h(the)g(subroutine)h(imm)o(ediately)c(after)j(the)g(call)f(and)h -(return)h(to)150 345 y(the)f(lo)q(cation)f(follo)o(wing)f(the)i(data)g(b)o(y) -f(giving)g(a)g FC(JRST)h Fz(N)5 b FC(\(A)o(C\))o FJ(.)150 430 -y(Supp)q(ose)16 b(one)f(wishes)h(to)e(call)g(a)h(prin)o(t)g(subroutine)g(and) -g(supply)g(the)g(w)o(ords)g(from)f(whic)o(h)g(the)i(c)o(haracters)h(are)150 -480 y(to)d(b)q(e)g(tak)o(en.)k(The)d(main)c(program)i(w)o(ould)g(con)o(tain:) -303 601 y FB(JSP)64 b(T,PRINT)108 b(;Put)21 b(PC)g(word)g(in)h(accumulator)d -(T)303 651 y(.)370 b(;Text)21 b(inserted)f(here)h(by)g(ASCIZ)g -(pseudo-instructio)o(n,)303 701 y(.)370 b(;which)20 b(automatically)f(places) -i(a)h(zero)f(\(null\))303 750 y(.)370 b(;character)20 b(at)h(the)g(end)303 -800 y(...)326 b(;Next)21 b(instruction)e(here)150 957 y FJ(The)e(subroutine)g -(can)f(use)h FC(T)g FJ(as)f(a)g(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(\()p -FH(x)q FJ(2.11\))f(that)i(already)f(addresses)i(the)f(\014rst)g(w)o(ord)f(of) -g(data.)150 1007 y(F)m(or)d(the)i(prin)o(t)f(routine,)f(c)o(haracters)j(are)e -(loaded)g(in)o(to)f(another)h(accum)o(ulator)f FC(CH)p FJ(:)150 -1128 y FB(PRINT:)64 b(HRLI)86 b(T,440700)173 b(;Initialize)20 -b(left)h(half)g(of)g(pointer)f(for)869 1178 y(;size)h(7,)g(position)f(36)346 -1228 y(ILDB)86 b(CH,T)261 b(;Increment)20 b(pointer)g(and)h(load)g(byte)346 -1277 y(JUMPE)64 b(CH,1\(T\))195 b(;Upon)21 b(reaching)f(zero)h(character)869 -1327 y(;return)g(to)g(1)g(beyond)g(last)g(data)g(word)869 1377 -y(;Print)g(routine)346 1427 y(.)346 1477 y(.)346 1527 y(.)346 -1576 y(JRST)86 b(PRINT+1)195 b(;Get)21 b(next)g(character)150 -1808 y FJ(The)12 b(next)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(instructions)h(use)g(a)f(format)f(that) -i(is)f(incompatible)e(with)i(extended)i(addressing.)18 b(Because)13 -b(they)150 1858 y(are)k(also)f(considered)j(an)d(obsolete)i(metho)q(d)e(for)g -(subroutine)i(call/return)f(\(they)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)h(supplan)o(ted)f -(b)o(y)150 1908 y(the)c(stac)o(k)h(instructions\),)f(no)g(attempt)f(has)h(b)q -(een)h(made)d(to)i(\014nd)g(an)f(alternate)i(format)d(for)h(these)i -(instructions)150 1958 y(when)g(executed)i(in)e(a)f(non-zero)i(section.)150 -2043 y(F)m(or)f(compatibilit)o(y)e(with)i(section{zero)i(programs,)e(these)i -(t)o(w)o(o)e(instructions)h(con)o(tin)o(ue)g(to)g(w)o(ork)f(in)g(non{zero)150 -2093 y(sections.)34 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)20 b(their)f(use)h(is)f(restricted)h -(to)f(in)o(tra{section)g(op)q(eration,)h(and)e(all)g(in)o(ter{section)h(use)h -(is)150 2143 y(unde\014ned.)p 150 2384 1495 4 v 150 2309 V -148 2382 4 75 v 1643 2382 V 688 2382 V 729 2382 V 896 2382 -V 162 2413 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -2359 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2413 y Fq(8)p 522 2382 V 24 -w(9)591 2359 y FE(A)150 2275 y Fk(JSA)239 b(Jump)17 b(and)i(Save)g(A)n(C)306 -2358 y FJ(266)150 2509 y(Sa)o(v)o(e)d(A)o(C)g(in)g(lo)q(cation)f -FE(E)5 b FJ(,)16 b(the)g(in{section)h(part)f(of)f FE(E)22 b -FJ(in)15 b(A)o(C)h(left,)g(and)g(the)h(in{section)f(part)h(of)e(PC)h(in)g(A)o -(C)150 2559 y(righ)o(t.)i(Then)c(jump)e(to)i(lo)q(cation)f -Fz(E)e FJ(+)f(1.)808 2544 y Fs(49)861 2559 y FJ(The)k(original)e(con)o(ten)o -(ts)j(of)e FE(E)19 b FJ(are)14 b(lost.)p 150 2590 720 2 v 181 -2617 a Fr(49)214 2629 y Fq(Refer)c(to)h(the)g(description)e(of)i -Fi(E)r(;)5 b(E)10 b Fq(+)e(1)j(on)g(page)g(52.)p eop -%%Page: 134 84 -134 83 bop 0 50 a FJ(134)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(While)f(the)h(KA10)g(is)f(in)h(user)g(mo)q(de,)f -(if)f(this)i(instruction)g(is)g(executed)h(as)f(an)g(in)o(terrupt)g -(instruction)g(or)g(b)o(y)f(an)0 245 y(MUUO,)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(lea)o(v)o -(es)e(user)h(mo)q(de.)0 330 y(If)f FE(E)19 b FJ(or)14 b Fz(E)e -FJ(+)e(1)k(sp)q(eci\014es)i(a)e(section)h(other)g(than)f(the)h(PC)f(section,) -h(the)g(e\013ect)h(of)d(this)i(instruction)f(is)g(indeter-)0 -380 y(minate.)p 0 621 1495 4 v 0 546 V -2 619 4 75 v 1493 619 -V 538 619 V 579 619 V 746 619 V 12 651 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 596 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 651 -y Fq(8)p 372 619 V 24 w(9)441 596 y FE(A)0 513 y Fk(JRA)234 -b(Jump)17 b(and)i(Resto)n(re)g(A)n(C)156 595 y FJ(267)0 747 -y(This)14 b(instruction)g(e\013ects)i(the)e(return)h(from)e(a)g(subroutine)i -(called)e(b)o(y)h(a)g FC(JSA)f FJ(instruction.)0 832 y(Place)j(the)h(con)o -(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)i(lo)q(cation)e(\(in)g(the)i(PC)f(section\))h(addressed) -h(b)o(y)d(A)o(C)h(left)g(in)o(to)f(A)o(C)h(and)g(jump)e(to)0 -882 y(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(\(in)h(the)h(PC)f(section\))g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o -(y)d FE(E)5 b FJ(.)0 967 y(After)15 b(the)h(normal)c(e\013ectiv)o(e{address) -18 b(calculation)13 b(is)i(p)q(erformed,)f(the)i(PC)f(section)g(is)g(app)q -(ended)h(to)e(the)i(in{)0 1017 y(section)d(address)h(in)e(A)o(C)h(left)f(to)h -(form)d(the)k(address)g(of)e(where)h(the)h(old)d(con)o(ten)o(ts)j(of)e(A)o(C) -h(w)o(ere)g(stored.)19 b(The)13 b(PC)0 1067 y(section)i(replaces)h(the)g -(section)f(comp)q(onen)o(t)f(of)g FE(E)5 b FJ(,)14 b(so)h(the)g(next)g -(instruction)g(will)f(b)q(e)h(fetc)o(hed)h(from)d(the)i(same)0 -1117 y(section)g(as)f(the)g(curren)o(t)h(PC.)k(Th)o(us,)13 -b(all)g(references)k(made)12 b(b)o(y)i(this)g(instruction)g(are)h(in)e(the)h -(PC)g(section.)0 1202 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)k(The)d(normal)c(usage)k(of)e -FC(JRA)g FJ(is)h(of)f(the)h(form)131 1326 y FB(JRA)21 b(AC,\(AC\))99 -b FJ(or)88 b FB(JRA)21 b(AC,)14 b FE(k)t FB(\(AC\))0 1485 y -FJ(The)d(\014rst)h(of)e(these)i(returns)h(to)d(the)i(instruction)f(follo)o -(wing)d(the)j FC(JSA)g FJ(that)f(called)h(this)g(subroutine.)18 -b(The)11 b(second)0 1534 y(form)g(skips)j FE(k)k FJ(lo)q(cations)12 -b(past)i(the)g(normal)d(return)j(p)q(oin)o(t,)f(th)o(us)g(a)o(v)o(oiding)f -(argumen)o(t)g(w)o(ords)h(that)h(ma)o(y)d(follo)o(w)0 1584 -y(the)j FC(JSA)p FJ(.)0 1670 y(\(The)j(follo)o(wing)d(paean)j(to)g(the)g -(virtues)g(of)g FC(JSA)f FJ(and)g FC(JRA)g FJ(not)o(withstanding,)g -FC(PUSHJ)g FJ(and)g FC(POPJ)f FJ(are)i(no)o(w)0 1720 y(the)d(most)f(usual)g -(instructions)i(for)e(subroutine)i(call)d(and)i(return.\))19 -b(A)14 b FC(JSA)f FJ(com)o(bines)g(adv)n(an)o(tages)g(of)g(the)i -FC(JSR)0 1769 y FJ(and)g FC(JSP)p FJ(.)f FC(JSA)g FJ(do)q(es)i(mo)q(dify)d -(memory)m(,)f(but)j(it)g(sa)o(v)o(es)g(PC)h(in)e(an)h(accum)o(ulator)f -(without)g(losing)h(its)g(previous)0 1819 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(\(at)f(the)h -(cost)g(of)e(not)h(sa)o(ving)g(the)g(\015ags\).)22 b(It)15 -b(is)g(th)o(us)h(con)o(v)o(enien)o(t)f(for)g(m)o(ultiple{en)o(try)e -(subroutines.)0 1869 y(In)j(a)g(subroutine)h(called)e(b)o(y)h(a)g -FC(JSR)p FJ(,)f(the)i(returning)f FC(JRST)g FJ(m)o(ust)f(refer)i(to)f(the)h -(\(single\))f(en)o(try)g(p)q(oin)o(t.)24 b(Since)0 1919 y(a)14 -b FC(JRA)g FJ(can)h(retriev)o(e)g(the)h(original)c(PC)j(b)o(y)f(addressing)i -(A)o(C)e(as)h(an)f(index)h(register,)g(it)f(is)h(indep)q(enden)o(t)g(of)f(an) -o(y)0 1969 y(en)o(try)g(p)q(oin)o(t)f(without)g(t)o(ying)f(up)i(an)f(accum)o -(ulator)f(to)h(the)h(exten)o(t)g(a)g FC(JSP)e FJ(w)o(ould.)17 -b(The)d(accum)o(ulator)e(con)o(ten)o(ts)0 2019 y(sa)o(v)o(ed)k(b)o(y)f(a)h -FC(JSA)f FJ(are)h(restored)h(b)o(y)e(a)h FC(JRA)f FJ(paired)g(with)h(it,)f -(despite)i(in)o(terv)o(ening)e FC(JSA)p FJ(|)p FC(JRA)f FJ(pairs.)23 -b(Hence,)0 2068 y(these)15 b(instructions)g(are)f(esp)q(ecially)g(useful)g -(for)g(nesting)g(subroutines.)0 2220 y FF(2.9.6)55 b(Ov)n(er\015o)n(w)20 -b(T)-5 b(rapping)628 2198 y Fs(50)0 2332 y FJ(In)9 b(the)h(p)q(erformance)f -(of)g(a)g(program,)f(there)j(are)f(man)o(y)d(ev)o(en)o(ts)k(that)e(cannot)g -(b)q(e)h(foreseen)h(and)e(whose)h(o)q(ccurrence)0 2382 y(requires)21 -b(sp)q(ecial)f(action)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(program.)35 b(Among)18 -b(these)k(ev)o(en)o(ts)f(are)f(arithmetic)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)h(and)g(stac) -o(k)0 2432 y(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w.)0 2517 y(Although)13 b(there)i(are)e -(instructions)h(that)g(test)g(for)f(suc)o(h)h(ev)o(en)o(ts,)g(in)f(a)g(long)g -(string)g(of)g(computations,)f(it)h(w)o(ould)p 0 2551 720 2 -v 31 2577 a Fr(50)64 2589 y Fq(This)d(feature)f(is)i(not)f(a)o(v)n(ailable)f -(in)h(the)g(KA10.)16 b(That)10 b(pro)q(cessor)f(is)i(limited)e(to)h(the)g -(use)h(of)f(in)o(ternal)f(conditions)f(that)i(can)g(act)0 2629 -y(through)f(the)i(in)o(terrupt)e(system)h(\()p Fj(x)p Fq(4.3.5\).)p -eop -%%Page: 135 85 -135 84 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.9.)31 b(PR)o(OGRAM)13 b(CONTR)o(OL)1194 -b FJ(135)150 195 y(b)q(e)14 b(b)q(oth)f(cum)o(b)q(ersome)f(and)h(time)f -(consuming)g(to)h(test)h(for)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(at)g(ev)o(ery)h(step.)19 -b(It)13 b(is)g(far)g(b)q(etter)i(to)e(allo)o(w)150 245 y(an)h(ev)o(en)o(t)g -(suc)o(h)g(as)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(to)f(cause)i(a)f(break)g(from)e(the)i -(normal)e(program)g(sequence.)20 b(A)14 b(\\trap")f(is)h(a)g(break)150 -295 y(from)d(the)j(normal)d(program)g(sequence,)k(attributed)f(to)f(a)f(sp)q -(eci\014c)j(action)d(of)h(the)g(program)f(and)h(sync)o(hronized)150 -345 y(with)f(the)h(execution)g(of)e(the)i(program.)j(\(Con)o(trast)d(this)f -(to)g(an)g(\\in)o(terrupt")g(whic)o(h)h(is)f(an)g(async)o(hronous)h(break)150 -394 y(from)f(the)j(normal)c(program)i(sequence.\))150 480 y(Although)k(traps) -h(are)f(also)g(used)h(to)f(handle)g(the)h(restrictions)h(that)e(pla)o(y)g(a)g -(role)g(in)g(program)e(and)i(memory)150 530 y(managemen)o(t)d(\(as)i -(explained)g(in)g(later)g(c)o(hapters\),)i(the)f(presen)o(t)h(discussion)f -(is)f(sp)q(eci\014cally)g(concerned)i(with)150 580 y(the)c(action)g(b)o(y)g -(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(in)d(resp)q(onse)j(to)e(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w.)150 -723 y FG(2.9.6.1)48 b(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)15 b(T)l(rapping)e(in)i(the)g(KL10,)h -(KS10,)g(and)f(KI10)h(Pro)q(cessors)150 836 y FJ(An)f(instruction)g(in)g -(whic)o(h)g(an)g(arithmetic)e(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)i(condition)f(o)q(ccurs)j -(sets)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)f(and)g(T)m(rap)g(1,)f(and)h(an)150 -885 y(instruction)f(in)f(whic)o(h)g(a)h(stac)o(k)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(o)q -(ccurs)i(sets)g(T)m(rap)e(2.)k(Note)d(that)g(it)f(is)h(the)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o) -o(w)f(condition)g(that)150 935 y(sets)k(T)m(rap)e(1|not)g(the)h(state)h(of)e -(the)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(\015ag.)24 b(Hence,)17 b(an)e(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)h -(is)f(trapp)q(ed)i(ev)o(en)f(if)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(is)150 -985 y(already)e(set.)21 b(Note)16 b(also)e(that)g(the)h(trap)g(\015ags)g(ha)o -(v)o(e)f(no)h(e\013ect)h(at)e(all)g(when)h(paging)e(is)i(disabled.)20 -b(Otherwise,)150 1035 y(at)13 b(the)h(completion)d(of)i(an)g(instruction)g -(in)g(whic)o(h)g(either)h(trap)g(\015ag)e(is)i(set,)f(rather)h(than)g(going)e -(on)h(to)g(the)g(next)150 1085 y(instruction)g(as)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)d -(PC,)h(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(instead)f(executes)h(an)e(instruction,)g(the)h -(\\trap)f(instruction",)150 1134 y(whic)o(h)j(is)h(tak)o(en)f(from)f(a)h -(particular)g(lo)q(cation)g(in)g(the)h(pro)q(cess)h(table)e(for)g(the)h -(program)e(\(user)j(or)e(executiv)o(e\).)150 1184 y(The)f(lo)q(cation,)f(as)h -(a)f(function)h(of)f(the)i(trap)f(\015ag)f(settings,)h(is)g(as)g(follo)o(ws:) -175 1267 y FE(T)m(r)n(ap)g(Flags)h(Set)109 b(T)m(r)n(ap)15 -b(T)m(yp)n(e)344 b(T)m(r)n(ap)14 b(Numb)n(er)109 b(L)n(o)n(c)n(ation)175 -1335 y FJ(T)m(rap)13 b(1)h(only)161 b(Arithmetic)14 b(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)169 -b(1)328 b(421)175 1385 y(T)m(rap)13 b(2)h(only)161 b(Stac)o(k)14 -b(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)268 b(2)328 b(422)175 1434 y(T)m(rap)13 -b(1)h(and)g(2)137 b(Not)14 b(used)h(b)o(y)f(hardw)o(are)951 -1419 y Fs(51)1078 1434 y FJ(3)328 b(423)150 1518 y(A)14 b(trap)g(instruction) -g(is)f(executed)j(in)d(the)h(same)f(address)i(space)f(and)g(section)g(as)g -(the)g(instruction)g(that)g(caused)150 1568 y(it.)28 b(When)17 -b(a)g(trap)h(condition)e(o)q(ccurs)j(in)e(a)g(user)h(instruction,)g(the)g -(CPU)g(refers)h(to)e(a)g(lo)q(cation)f(in)h(the)h(user)150 -1618 y(pro)q(cess)e(table,)d(and)h(an)o(y)f(addresses)j(used)f(in)e(the)i -(instruction)f(in)f(that)h(lo)q(cation)f(are)h(in)o(terpreted)i(in)d(the)i -(user)150 1668 y(address)g(space.)20 b(Th)o(us)15 b(a)f(user)h(program)e(can) -h(handle)g(its)g(o)o(wn)g(traps;)g(e.g.,)f(b)o(y)h(requesting)h(that)g(the)f -(Monitor)150 1717 y(to)d(place)g(a)g FC(PUSHJ)f FJ(to)h(a)f(user)j(routine)e -(in)f(the)i(trap)f(lo)q(cation.)16 b(An)11 b(MUUO)h(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)i(used)g -(in)e(the)i(trap)f(lo)q(cation)150 1767 y(if)i(the)i(Monitor)e(is)h(to)f -(handle)h(a)g(user{caused)i(trap.)150 1853 y(The)j(lo)q(cation)f(of)g(the)h -(instruction)g(that)g(caused)g(the)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(can)f(b)q(e)i -(determined)e(from)f(PC)i(unless)g(the)150 1903 y(instruction)14 -b(jump)q(ed,)f(in)g(whic)o(h)h(case)h(its)f(lo)q(cation)f(is)h -(indeterminate.)j(\(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)d(the)h(lo)q(cation)e(of)g(a)h -FC(PUSHJ)150 1952 y FJ(can)d(b)q(e)h(determined)f(from)f(the)h(data)g(stored) -h(on)f(the)h(stac)o(k.\))18 b(The)11 b(trap)h(instruction)f(\(either)h(the)g -(instruction)f(in)150 2002 y(the)h(trap)g(lo)q(cation)e(or)h(the)h(\014nal)f -(instruction)h(in)f(an)g FC(X)o(CT)f FJ(and/or)h(LUUO)h(string\))g(clears)g -(the)g(trap)g(\015ags,)f(so)g(the)150 2052 y(pro)q(cessor)17 -b(returns)f(to)f(the)g(trapp)q(ed{from)f(program)f(unless)j(the)g(trap)f -(instruction)g(c)o(hanges)g(PC.)21 b(Th)o(us,)15 b(the)150 -2102 y(trap)d(instruction)h(can)g(b)q(e)g(a)f(no{op)f(\(whic)o(h)i(ignores)f -(the)h(trap\),)f(a)h(skip,)f(a)g(jump,)e(or)i(an)o(ything)g(else.)18 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)150 2152 y(should)12 b(the)g(trap)g(instruction)h(itself) -e(set)i(a)f(trap)g(\015ag)f(\(not)h(necessarily)h(the)g(same)e(one\),)h(a)g -(second)h(trap)f(o)q(ccurs.)150 2201 y(An)17 b(arithmetic)f(instruction)i -(that)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(ws)g(on)g(ev)o(ery)h(iteration)f(pro)q(duces)h(an)f -(in\014nite)g(lo)q(op)g(if)f(used)i(as)f(a)150 2251 y(trap)f(instruction)g -(for)g(arithmetic)e(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w.)24 b(A)16 b(stac)o(k)g(instruction)g -(in)g(a)f(stac)o(k)i(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)e(trap)h(can)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w) -150 2301 y(only)d(once.)19 b(\(The)14 b(memory)e(allo)q(cated)h(to)h(a)f -(stac)o(k)i(should)e(ha)o(v)o(e)h(at)g(least)g(one)g(extra)g(lo)q(cation)f -(to)h(handle)g(this)150 2351 y(case|t)o(w)o(o)g(extra)g(lo)q(cations)g(if)f -(the)h(program)e(and)i(the)h(trap)f(b)q(oth)g(use)g(the)h(same)e(stac)o(k)h -(p)q(oin)o(ter.\))150 2436 y(An)d(in)o(terrupt)h(can)g(o)q(ccur)g(b)q(et)o(w) -o(een)h(an)e(instruction)g(that)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(ws)h(and)f(the)h(trap)f -(instruction,)g(but)h(the)g(latter)p 150 2471 720 2 v 181 2498 -a Fr(51)214 2510 y Fq(A)g(trap)g(can)f(b)q(e)h(pro)q(duced)d(arti\014cially)h -(b)o(y)h(simply)g(setting)g(up)g(the)h(trap)f(\015ags)g(from)g(bits)h(in)g(a) -g(\015ag)f(w)o(ord.)17 b(In)12 b(this)g(w)o(a)o(y)g(the)150 -2549 y(program)f(can)i(also)h(use)f(trap)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(3,)j(whic)o(h)g -(at)f(presen)o(t)f(cannot)g(result)g(from)h(an)o(y)g(hardw)o(are{detec)o(ted) -d(condition)h(and)i(is)150 2588 y(reserv)o(ed.)p eop -%%Page: 136 86 -136 85 bop 0 50 a FJ(136)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(will)d(b)q(e)h(p)q(erformed)g(correctly)h(up)q(on) -f(the)h(return)g(pro)o(vided)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(is)f(dismissed)f -(automatically)e(or)j(the)0 245 y(in)o(terrupt)i(routine)g(restores)i(the)e -(\015ags)f(prop)q(erly)m(.)18 b(If)13 b(a)g(single)h(instruction)g(causes)g -(b)q(oth)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(and)h(a)f(page)0 295 y(failure,)18 -b(the)h(latter)g(has)f(preference;)23 b(the)c(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(trap)g -(will)f(b)q(e)i(tak)o(en)g(care)g(of)e(after)i(the)g(trapp)q(ed{from)0 -345 y(instruction)e(has)h(b)q(een)g(restarted)h(and)e(completed)f -(successfully)m(.)29 b(A)17 b(trap)g(instruction)h(that)f(causes)h(a)f(page)0 -394 y(failure)11 b(do)q(es)h(not)f(clear)h(the)g(trap)f(\015ags;)h(hence,)h -(after)e(the)h(page)g(failure)e(is)i(tak)o(en)f(care)h(of,)f(the)h(trap)g -(instruction)0 444 y(will)g(correctly)j(handle)f(the)h(trap)f(when)g(it)g(is) -f(restarted.)0 588 y FG(2.9.6.2)48 b(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)15 b(T)l(rapping)e(in)i -(the)g(XKL)831 584 y(-)845 588 y(1)h(Pro)q(cessor)0 700 y FJ(An)11 -b(instruction)h(in)e(whic)o(h)h(an)g(arithmetic)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)h -(condition)f(o)q(ccurs)j(sets)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(and)f(T)m(rap)g(1.)16 -b(Note)c(that)0 750 y(it)i(is)g(the)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(condition)g(that) -g(sets)h(T)m(rap)f(1|not)f(the)i(state)g(of)e(the)i(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g -(\015ag.)j(Hence)d(an)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)0 800 y(is)f(trapp)q(ed)g(ev)o -(en)h(if)e(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(is)g(already)f(set.)19 b(An)13 -b(instruction)g(in)f(whic)o(h)h(a)f(stac)o(k)i(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)e(o)q -(ccurs)i(sets)g(T)m(rap)0 850 y(2.)0 935 y(F)m(ollo)o(wing)f(an)i -(instruction)h(that)f(sets)i(either)f(trap)g(\015ag,)f(after)g(handling)f(an) -o(y)h(in)o(terrupts)i(that)e(are)h(p)q(ending,)0 985 y(the)d(pro)q(cessor)h -(selects)g(a)f(trap)f(v)o(ector)h(in)f(whic)o(h)h(to)f(store)h(information)d -(p)q(ertaining)i(to)g(the)h(trap.)18 b(\(T)m(raps)13 b(from)0 -1035 y(executiv)o(e)k(mo)q(de)d(are)i(disabled)g(when)g(the)g(Executiv)o(e)g -(Base)h(Register)f(is)f(not)h(v)n(alid;)e(traps)i(from)e(user)j(mo)q(de)0 -1085 y(are)d(disabled)f(when)h(the)g(User)h(Base)f(Register)g(is)f(not)g(v)n -(alid.)k(See)d FH(x)p FJ(3.7.2.\))j(If)c(the)h(selected)h(trap)f(v)o(ector)g -(is)f(not)0 1134 y(enabled,)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(clears)e(the)h(trap)f -(\015ag\(s\))g(and)f(con)o(tin)o(ues)i(with)e(the)i(next)f(instruction)g(as)g -(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)0 1184 y(PC.)k(If)13 b(the)h(selected)h(trap)e(is)g -(enabled,)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(stores)f(the)g(PC)g(and)f(\015ags)g(\(with)g -(the)h(trap)f(\015ags)g(clear\))0 1234 y(in)g(the)h(trap)f(v)o(ector)h(and)f -(tak)o(es)h(a)f(new)h(PC)f(and)g(\015ags)g(from)f(the)i(trap)f(v)o(ector.)19 -b(The)14 b(trap)f(\015ags)g(determine)g(the)0 1284 y(lo)q(cation)g(of)g(the)i -(trap)f(v)o(ector)g(within)g(the)g(pro)q(cess)i(table)e(for)f(the)i(program)d -(\(user)j(or)f(executiv)o(e\),)h(as)f(follo)o(ws:)159 1369 -y FE(T)m(r)n(ap)g(Flags)h(Set)110 b(T)m(r)n(ap)14 b(T)m(yp)n(e)344 -b(T)m(r)n(ap)14 b(Numb)n(er)94 b(L)n(o)n(c)n(ation)159 1437 -y FJ(T)m(rap)14 b(1)f(only)162 b(Arithmetic)13 b(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)169 -b(1)313 b(450)13 b(\()p FB(UP.TP1\))159 1487 y FJ(T)m(rap)h(2)f(only)162 -b(Stac)o(k)14 b(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)267 b(2)313 b(460)13 b(\()p -FB(UP.TP2\))159 1536 y FJ(T)m(rap)h(1)f(and)h(2)138 b(Not)13 -b(used)i(b)o(y)f(hardw)o(are)935 1521 y Fs(52)1062 1536 y FJ(3)313 -b(470)13 b(\()p FB(UP.TP3\))0 1620 y FJ(The)h(format)e(of)i(a)f(trap)h(v)o -(ector)h(is)f(as)g(depicted)h(in)e(Figure)h(2.2.)0 1706 y(F)m(ollo)o(wing)d -(the)j(instruction)g(that)g(sets)g(the)g(trap)g(condition,)f(the)h(pro)q -(cessor)h(examines)e(the)h(state)g(of)f(the)h(T)m(rap)0 1755 -y(Enable)e(\015ag,)f(bit)h(0)f(of)h(w)o(ord)g(0)f(in)h(the)g(trap)g(blo)q(c)o -(k)g(\()p FE(T)17 b FJ(in)11 b(the)i(diagram,)c FB(UP\045TEN==:1B0)p -FJ(,)h(o\013set)i FB(UP.BFL==:0)p FJ(\).)0 1805 y(If)j(the)h(T)m(rap)f -(Enable)g(\015ag)g(is)h(0,)f(the)h(trap)f(is)g(disabled.)23 -b(The)16 b(pro)q(cessor)h(clears)f(the)g(T)m(rap1)f(and)g(T)m(rap2)g -(\015ags;)0 1855 y(pro)q(cessing)g(con)o(tin)o(ues)f(as)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b) -o(y)e(the)g(presen)o(t)h(PC)g(and)e(\015ags.)0 1941 y(If)f(the)g(T)m(rap)g -(Enable)g(\015ag)f(is)h(1,)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)g(stores)h(the)e(presen)o(t)i -(Flags)d(and)h(Con)o(text)h(in)e(w)o(ord)h(4)g(of)f(the)i(trap)0 -1990 y(blo)q(c)o(k)g(\(o\013set)i FB(UP.OFL)p FJ(\))d(and)h(the)h(presen)o(t) -h(PC)f(in)f(w)o(ord)g(5)h(\(o\013set)g FB(UP.OPC)p FJ(\).)e(The)i(stored)g -(PC)g(is)f(generally)g(the)0 2040 y(address)18 b(follo)o(wing)13 -b(the)k(trapping)f(instruction;)i(but,)f(in)e(the)i(case)h(of)e(an)g -(instruction)g(that)h(jumps)e(or)h(skips,)0 2090 y(the)e(stored)h(PC)f -(re\015ects)i(the)f(e\013ect)g(of)f(the)g(jump)e(or)i(skip.)k(In)c(the)g -(stored)h(\015ags,)f(the)g(T)m(rap1)f(and)h(T)m(rap2)f(\015ags)0 -2140 y(will)f(b)q(e)j(clear)f(\(to)g(facilitate)f(return)i(to)f(the)g(trapp)q -(ed{from)f(pro)q(cess\).)0 2225 y(The)i(pro)q(cessor)h(con)o(tin)o(ues)f(to)f -(handle)h(the)g(trap)f(b)o(y)g(loading)f(new)i(\015ags,)f(con)o(text,)h(and)f -(PC)g(from)f(the)i(double)0 2275 y(w)o(ord)h(\(at)g(o\013sets)i -FB(UP.NFL)d FJ(and)h FB(UP.NPC)p FJ(\).)e(F)m(or)i(a)g(trap)h(that)f(o)q -(ccurs)i(while)d(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(is)e(in)g(user)h(mo)q(de,)0 -2325 y(the)e(new)g(\015ags)f(ma)o(y)e(sp)q(ecify)j(either)g(an)f(executiv)o -(e)i(mo)q(de)d(PC)i(or)f(a)g(user)h(mo)q(de)f(PC.)g(F)m(or)g(a)g(trap)g(that) -g(o)q(ccurs)0 2375 y(while)j(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(is)e(in)g(executiv)o(e)h -(mo)q(de,)f(the)h(new)f(\015ags)h(sp)q(ecify)f(an)h(executiv)o(e)g(mo)q(de)e -(PC;)h(if)g(User)h(is)0 2425 y(set)g(in)e(the)i(new)g(\015ags,)f(it)f(will)g -(b)q(e)i(ignored.)27 b(If)16 b(the)i(new)g(\015ags)e(sp)q(ecify)i(an)f -(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de)e(PC,)h(then)g(the)0 2474 y(curren)o(t{)d(and)f -(previous{con)o(text)h(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(k)g(selection)h(will)d(b)q(e)j(set)g -(from)d(bits)i(18{23)f(of)g(the)i(new)g(\015ags)f(w)o(ord;)p -0 2509 720 2 v 31 2536 a Fr(52)64 2548 y Fq(A)f(trap)g(can)f(b)q(e)h(pro)q -(duced)d(arti\014cially)h(simply)g(b)o(y)i(setting)f(up)g(the)h(trap)f -(\015ags)g(from)g(bits)h(in)g(a)g(\015ag)f(w)o(ord.)17 b(In)12 -b(this)g(w)o(a)o(y)g(the)0 2587 y(program)f(can)i(also)h(use)f(trap)g(n)o(um) -o(b)q(er)e(3,)j(whic)o(h)g(at)f(presen)o(t)f(cannot)g(result)g(from)h(an)o(y) -g(hardw)o(are{detec)o(ted)d(condition)h(and)i(is)0 2627 y(reserv)o(ed.)p -eop -%%Page: 137 87 -137 86 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.10.)31 b(ST)m(A)o(CK)13 b(OPERA)m(TIONS)1187 -b FJ(137)665 230 y FF(Figure)18 b(2.2:)24 b(XKL)1077 226 y(-)1093 -230 y(1)19 b(T)-5 b(rap)19 b(V)-5 b(ector)p 303 884 1495 2 -v 302 883 2 598 v 303 286 1495 2 v 1796 883 2 598 v 427 895 -2 13 v 551 895 V 676 895 V 800 895 V 925 895 V 1049 904 2 21 -v 1174 895 2 13 v 1298 895 V 1423 895 V 1547 895 V 1672 895 -V 220 859 a FJ(4x7)p 303 809 1495 2 v 220 784 a(4x6)p 303 734 -V 220 709 a(4x5)p 303 659 V 220 635 a(4x4)p 303 585 V 220 560 -a(4x3)p 303 510 V 220 485 a(4x2)p 303 435 V 220 410 a(4x1)p -303 361 V 220 336 a(4x0)1818 335 y FB(UP.BFL==:0)1818 634 y(UP.OFL==:4)1818 -709 y(UP.OPC==:5)1818 783 y(UP.NFL==:6)1818 858 y(UP.NPC==:7)315 -913 y Fs(0)p 343 360 2 75 v -17 w(0)p 302 360 V 305 337 a FE(T)1760 -913 y Fs(35)p 1796 360 V -1479 w(0)p 302 360 V 971 337 a FE(R)n(eserve)n(d) -1760 913 y Fs(35)p 1796 360 V -1437 w(1)p 343 360 V 1386 w(35)p -1796 434 V -1479 w(0)p 302 434 V 971 412 a FE(R)n(eserve)n(d)1760 -913 y Fs(35)p 1796 509 V -1479 w(0)p 302 509 V 971 486 a FE(R)n(eserve)n(d) -1760 913 y Fs(35)p 1796 584 V -1479 w(0)p 302 584 V 971 561 -a FE(R)n(eserve)n(d)805 913 y Fs(12)p 842 659 V -524 w(0)p -302 659 V 486 632 a FE(Old)14 b(Flags)1013 913 y Fs(17)p 1049 -659 V -200 w(13)p 842 659 V 936 635 a FJ(0)1137 913 y Fs(20)p -1174 659 V -117 w(18)p 1049 659 V 1064 635 a FE(CA)o(C)1262 -913 y Fs(23)p 1298 659 V -117 w(21)p 1174 659 V 1190 635 a -FE(P)m(A)o(C)1760 913 y Fs(35)p 1796 659 V -491 w(24)p 1298 -659 V 1503 635 a FE(PCS)523 913 y Fs(5)p 551 733 V -225 w(0)p -302 733 V 417 709 a FJ(0)1760 913 y Fs(35)p 1796 733 V -1230 -w(6)p 551 733 V 1106 710 a FE(Old)h(PC)805 913 y Fs(12)p 842 -808 V -524 w(0)p 302 808 V 479 781 a FE(New)f(Flags)1013 913 -y Fs(17)p 1049 808 V -200 w(13)p 842 808 V 936 784 a FJ(0)1137 -913 y Fs(20)p 1174 808 V -117 w(18)p 1049 808 V 1064 785 a -FE(CA)o(C)1262 913 y Fs(23)p 1298 808 V -117 w(21)p 1174 808 -V 1190 785 a FE(P)m(A)o(C)1760 913 y Fs(35)p 1796 808 V -491 -w(24)p 1298 808 V 1538 784 a FJ(0)523 913 y Fs(5)p 551 883 -V -225 w(0)p 302 883 V 417 859 a FJ(0)1760 913 y Fs(35)p 1796 -883 V -1230 w(6)p 551 883 V 1095 860 a FE(New)h(PC)150 1049 -y FJ(the)k(previous{con)o(text)g(section)g(will)e(b)q(e)i(set)g(according)f -(to)g(the)h(section)g(of)f(the)h(stored)g(PC.)32 b(In)18 b(all)f(cases,)150 -1099 y(execution)f(con)o(tin)o(ues)f(at)g(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q(eci\014ed) -j(b)o(y)d(the)i(new)f(PC)g(and)g(in)g(the)g(mo)q(de)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y) -f(the)h(new)150 1148 y(\015ags.)150 1234 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)25 -b(it)17 b(is)g(con)o(templated)g(that)g(the)h(new)g(PC)f(will)f(b)q(e)i(in)f -(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de,)f(b)q(ecause)i(the)f(user)g(generally)150 -1284 y(has)i(no)g(w)o(a)o(y)f(to)h(get)g(at)g(the)g(information)d(stored)k -(in)e(the)i(trap)f(v)o(ector)h(except)g(b)o(y)f(an)f(op)q(erating)h(system) -150 1334 y(call)14 b(\(whic)o(h)g(w)o(ould)g(b)q(e)i(more)d(time{consuming)f -(than)i(trapping)h(through)f(the)i(executiv)o(e)f(to)g(the)g(user\).)22 -b(The)150 1383 y(abilit)o(y)9 b(to)i(sp)q(ecify)h(a)f(user)h(mo)q(de)e -(address)j(in)d(the)i(new)f(PC)h(is)f(pro)o(vided)g(for)f(sp)q(ecial)i -(situations;)f(e.g.,)g(real{time)150 1433 y(programming)o(,)h(for)i(whic)o(h) -g(arrangemen)o(ts)h(could)f(b)q(e)h(made)f(to)g(mak)o(e)f(the)i(user)h(pro)q -(cess)g(table)f(visible)f(to)g(the)150 1483 y(user)h(program.)150 -1569 y(The)h(lo)q(cation)g(of)f(the)i(instruction)f(that)g(caused)h(the)g(o)o -(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(can)g(b)q(e)h(generally)e(b)q(e)i(determined)f(from)e(the) -150 1618 y(stored)f(PC)g(unless)g(the)g(instruction)f(jump)q(ed)g(or)g(skipp) -q(ed.)18 b(Only)12 b(in)g(the)h(case)g(of)f FC(PUSHJ)f FJ(can)i(a)f(jump)e -(instruc-)150 1668 y(tion)j(that)h(causes)i(a)d(trap)h(b)q(e)h(lo)q(cated)f -(\(b)o(y)g(lo)q(oking)e(at)i(the)g(data)g(on)f(the)i(stac)o(k\).)150 -1754 y(If)20 b(a)h(single)f(instruction)h(causes)i(b)q(oth)e(a)f(trap)h(and)g -(a)f(page)h(failure)f(\(e.g.,)h(a)g FC(PUSHJ)f FJ(that)g(causes)j(stac)o(k) -150 1804 y(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)12 b(and)g(whic)o(h)g(references)j(a)d(stac)o -(k)g(lo)q(cation)g(that)g(is)g(not)g(presen)o(tly)h(in)f(memory\),)e(the)i -(page)g(failure)g(has)150 1853 y(precedence;)j(the)d(trap)g(will)e(b)q(e)i -(tak)o(en)f(care)h(of)f(after)h(the)g(page)f(failure)g(has)h(b)q(een)g -(resolv)o(ed)g(and)g(the)g(instruction)150 1903 y(has)i(b)q(een)h(completed.) -150 2076 y FA(2.10)70 b(Stac)n(k)23 b(Op)r(erations)150 2203 -y FJ(A)17 b(stac)o(k,)g(or)f(pushdo)o(wn)h(list,)f(is)h(simply)d(a)i(set)i -(of)e(consecutiv)o(e)i(memory)c(lo)q(cations)i(from)e(whic)o(h)j(w)o(ords)g -(are)150 2253 y(read)f(in)g(the)g(order)h(opp)q(osite)f(that)g(in)f(whic)o(h) -h(they)g(are)g(written.)24 b(In)16 b(more)f(general)h(terms,)g(it)f(is)h(an)o -(y)f(list)g(in)150 2303 y(whic)o(h)c(the)h(only)f(item)f(that)h(can)h(b)q(e)f -(remo)o(v)o(ed)g(at)g(an)o(y)g(giv)o(en)g(time)f(is)h(the)h(last)f(item)f(in) -h(the)h(list.)k(This)c(is)f(usually)150 2352 y(referred)j(to)f(as)g -(\\\014rst)g(in,)f(last)g(out")h(or)f(\\last)g(in,)g(\014rst)i(out.")j(Supp)q -(ose)d(lo)q(cations)e FE(a)s FJ(,)g FE(b)s FJ(,)g FE(c)r FJ(,)h(...)k(are)c -(set)h(aside)e(for)150 2402 y(a)i(stac)o(k.)22 b(One)15 b(can)g(dep)q(osit)g -(data)g(in)f FE(a)s FJ(,)h FE(b)s FJ(,)f FE(c)r FJ(,)h FE(d)t -FJ(,)g(then)g(read)h FE(d)t FJ(,)e(then)i(write)f(in)f FE(d)19 -b FJ(and)c FE(e)s FJ(,)g(then)g(read)g FE(e)s FJ(,)g FE(d)t -FJ(,)g FE(c)r FJ(,)150 2452 y(etc.)21 b(Adding)13 b(an)i(item)e(to)h(the)h -(stac)o(k)g(is)f(referred)i(to)e(as)h(\\pushing")f(or)g(\\pushing)g(do)o -(wn";)g(remo)o(ving)e(an)i(item)150 2502 y(is)f(\\p)q(opping.")j(The)e(stac)o -(k)f(is)f(used)i(in)e(t)o(w)o(o)h(w)o(a)o(ys:)k(for)12 b(handling)g(data,)g -(and)h(for)f(sa)o(ving)g(and)h(restoring)g(PC,)g(as)150 2552 -y(in)g(calling)g(and)h(returning)g(from)e(a)i(subroutine.)p -eop -%%Page: 138 88 -138 87 bop 0 50 a FJ(138)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(The)e(mec)o(hanism)e(for)h(k)o(eeping)h(trac)o(k)g -(of)f(the)i(list)e(is)h(a)f(stac)o(k)i(p)q(oin)o(ter,)f(whic)o(h)f(sp)q -(eci\014es)j(the)e(p)q(osition)g(of)f(the)h(last)0 245 y(item)g(stored)h(in)g -(the)g(stac)o(k.)18 b(This)13 b(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(is)g(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(k)o(ept)h -(in)f(an)h(accum)o(ulator.)j(In)d(section)h(zero,)f(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)0 -295 y(has)i(t)o(w)o(o)f(parts:)22 b(the)16 b(righ)o(t)f(half)g(con)o(tains)h -(the)g(address)h(of)e(the)h(last)f(item,)g(and)g(the)h(left)g(half)e(can)i -(con)o(tain)f(a)0 345 y(con)o(trol)d(coun)o(t.)18 b(An)13 b(instruction)g -(that)f(pushes)i(an)f(item)e(on)o(to)h(the)h(list)f(incremen)o(ts)h(b)q(oth)g -(parts)g(of)f(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)0 394 y(b)o(y)18 b(1)g(and)g(then)g(places) -h(the)g(item)e(in)g(the)i(newly)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(lo)q(cation;)e(an)g -(instruction)h(that)f(p)q(ops)g(an)g(item)0 444 y(tak)o(es)c(it)g(from)e(the) -i(curren)o(tly)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(last)f(p)q(osition)f(and)h(then)g(decremen) -o(ts)h(b)q(oth)f(parts)g(of)g(the)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(b)o(y)0 -494 y(1)g(so)h(it)f(p)q(oin)o(ts)g(to)g(what)g(has)h(b)q(ecome)f(the)h(last)f -(item.)k(T)m(o)c(help)g(prev)o(en)o(t)i(mismana)o(gem)o(en)o(t)c(of)i(the)h -(stac)o(k,)f(the)0 544 y(con)o(trol)f(coun)o(t)h(in)f(the)h(left)f(half)f(is) -h(monitored)f(for)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w.)18 b(The)13 b(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g -(condition,)g(whic)o(h)g(sets)h(the)g(T)m(rap)0 594 y(2)g(\015ag,)g(is)g(a)g -(c)o(hange)h(in)f(the)h(coun)o(t)g(from)e(negativ)o(e)h(to)g(zero)i(on)e(a)g -(push)h(or)f(from)f(zero)i(to)g(negativ)o(e)f(on)g(a)g(p)q(op.)0 -643 y(The)f(KA10)g(lac)o(ks)f(the)h(trapping)f(feature;)i(in)e(the)h(KA10,)f -(stac)o(k)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(sets)h(the)f(Pushdo)o(wn)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o -(w)g(\015ag,)0 693 y(whic)o(h)h(requests)i(an)d(in)o(terrupt)i(on)f(the)g -(lev)o(el)g(assigned)g(to)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(\()p FH(x)p -FJ(4.3.6\).)0 779 y(By)i(k)o(eeping)g(a)f(con)o(trol)g(coun)o(t)h(in)f(A)o(C) -h(left,)g(the)g(programmer)d(can)j(set)h(a)e(limit)e(to)i(the)h(size)h(of)e -(the)h(list)f(b)o(y)0 829 y(starting)e(the)g(coun)o(t)h(negativ)o(e,)e(or)h -(he)g(can)h(prev)o(en)o(t)g(the)f(program)e(from)h(extracting)h(more)f(items) -g(than)h(there)0 878 y(are)e(in)f(the)h(list)f(b)o(y)g(starting)g(the)i(coun) -o(t)e(at)h(zero,)g(but)f(he)h(cannot)g(do)f(b)q(oth)h(at)f(once.)18 -b(The)13 b(common)d(practice)j(is)0 928 y(to)g(limit)d(the)k(size)g(of)e(the) -i(list.)j(If)c(only)g(jump)e(addresses)k(are)f(k)o(ept)f(in)g(the)h(stac)o -(k,)f(the)h(size)f(limitation)d(restricts)0 978 y(the)k(depth)f(of)g -(nesting.)18 b(A)13 b(tec)o(hnique)h(to)f(catc)o(h)h(extra)f(p)q(opping)g(of) -f(jump)f(addresses)16 b(is)c(to)h(put)h(the)f(address)i(of)0 -1028 y(an)f(error)g(routine)h(at)e(the)i(b)q(ottom)d(of)i(the)g(stac)o(k.)0 -1113 y(In)j(a)g(non{zero)g(section)h(there)h(are)e(t)o(w)o(o)g(p)q(oin)o(ter) -g(formats:)23 b(lo)q(cal)16 b(and)h(global.)26 b(A)17 b(lo)q(cal)g(p)q(oin)o -(ter)g(is)g(exactly)0 1163 y(lik)o(e)d(the)h(one)f(used)i(in)e(section)h -(zero,)g(with)f(the)h(same)f(manipulatio)o(n)e(in)i(pushing)g(and)h(p)q -(opping,)e(except)j(that)0 1213 y(the)f(left)f(half)f(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)i -(negativ)o(e)f(or)h(zero)g(\(lik)o(e)e(a)h(lo)q(cal)g(index)g(register\).)21 -b(Restriction)14 b(to)g(a)g(negativ)o(e)g(con)o(trol)0 1263 -y(coun)o(t)h(means)g(that)g(the)g(con)o(trol)g(coun)o(t)h(can)f(b)q(e)h(used) -g(only)e(to)h(limit)d(the)k(size)g(of)e(the)i(list,)e(b)q(ecause)j(the)f -(only)0 1313 y(meaningful)e(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)i(condition)f(is)h(the)h(c)o -(hange)g(to)f(zero)h(on)f(a)g(push.)25 b(A)o(C)16 b(righ)o(t)g(con)o(tains)g -(a)g(lo)q(cal)g(address)0 1362 y(that)g(is)g(in)o(terpreted)i(as)f(b)q(eing)f -(in)g(the)h(same)e(section)i(as)f(the)h(instruction.)26 b(Note)16 -b(that)h(a)f(lo)q(cal)f(stac)o(k)i(wraps)0 1412 y(around)d(in)f(the)i(lo)q -(cal)e(section)h(\(including)f(the)i(accum)o(ulators\).)0 1498 -y(A)e(global)f(stac)o(k)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(is)f(one)g(in)g(whic)o(h)g(bit)h(0) -f(is)g(zero)h(and)f(bits)h(6{35)e(con)o(tain)h(a)g(global)f(address)i(in)f(a) -g(non{)0 1548 y(zero)i(section;)f(i.e.,)f(bits)h(6{17)e(are)j(non{zero.)k -(Manipulation)12 b(of)h(a)h(global)e(p)q(oin)o(ter)i(b)o(y)g(pushing)g(and)g -(p)q(opping)0 1597 y(is)f(simply)e(incremen)o(ting)h(and)i(decremen)o(ting)f -(the)h(30{bit)e(address)i(b)o(y)f(1;)g(a)g(global)e(stac)o(k)j(can)f -(therefore)i(cross)0 1647 y(section)g(b)q(oundaries.)21 b(There)16 -b(is)e(no)h(con)o(trol)f(coun)o(t,)h(but)f(the)i(program)d(can)h(limit)e(the) -k(stac)o(k)f(size)g(b)o(y)f(making)0 1697 y(the)e(pages)g(at)f(either)i(end)f -(of)f(the)h(stac)o(k)g(area)f(inaccessible.)19 b(Note)11 b(that)h(pushing)f -(on)h(a)f(lo)q(cal)g(stac)o(k)g(whose)i(stac)o(k)0 1747 y(p)q(oin)o(ter)i -(has)g(already)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)o(ed)h(\(i.e.,)f(a)h(stac)o(k)g(p)q(oin) -o(ter)g(whose)g(con)o(trol)g(coun)o(t)g(has)g(b)q(ecome)f(zero\))i(c)o -(hanges)0 1797 y(the)d(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(to)f(the)h(global)e(format,)f(and)j -(it)f(then)h(addresses)i(a)d(lo)q(cation)f(in)h(section)i(1.)j(Similarly)l(,) -9 b(adjusting)j(a)0 1847 y(global)g(stac)o(k)j(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(in)o(to)f(the) -h(\\section")g(b)q(ey)o(ond)h(7777)d(c)o(hanges)j(it)f(to)f(the)i(lo)q(cal)e -(format.)j(\(A)e(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(with)0 1896 y(a)h(0)g(in)g(bit)g(0)g(and)h -(an)o(y)f(arbitrary)g(con\014guration)g(in)g(bits)g(1{5)g(is)g(in)o -(terpreted)i(as)f(lo)q(cal)e(or)i(global)d(dep)q(ending)0 1946 -y(on)h(whether)h(or)f(not)g(bits)f(6{17)g(are)i(zero.\))0 2032 -y(The)c(pro)q(cessor)h(pro)o(vides)f(\014v)o(e)f(stac)o(k)h(instructions)g -(for)f(programs)f(to)i(use:)17 b(t)o(w)o(o)10 b(pairs)g(for)g(pushing)g(and)h -(p)q(opping)0 2082 y(and)j(one)h(for)g(making)d(arbitrary)i(adjustmen)o(ts)h -(of)f(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter.)21 b(One)15 b(of)f(the)h(pairs)g(handles)g(data;)f -(the)h(other)0 2131 y(pair)e(are)i(jumps)d(that)i(use)h(the)g(stac)o(k)f(for) -f(handling)g(subroutines.)p 0 2380 1495 4 v 0 2306 V -2 2379 -4 75 v 1493 2379 V 538 2379 V 579 2379 V 746 2379 V 12 2410 -a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 2355 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2410 y Fq(8)p 372 2379 V 24 w(9)441 -2355 y FE(A)0 2272 y Fk(PUSH)189 b(Push)156 2355 y FJ(261)0 -2506 y(If)13 b(the)g(program)e(is)i(running)g(in)f(section)i(zero,)f(or)g(A)o -(C)g(left)g(is)f(negativ)o(e)h(\(or)g(A)o(C)g(bits)g(6{17)f(are)h(zero\),)h -(add)e(1)h(to)0 2555 y(eac)o(h)i(half)f(of)g(A)o(C,)h(then)g(mo)o(v)o(e)e -(the)j(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)20 b FJ(to)14 -b(the)i(lo)q(cation)e(no)o(w)g(addressed)j(b)o(y)d(A)o(C)h(righ)o(t.)p -eop -%%Page: 139 89 -139 88 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.10.)31 b(ST)m(A)o(CK)13 b(OPERA)m(TIONS)1187 -b FJ(139)150 195 y(If)16 b(the)g(addition)f(causes)i(the)g(coun)o(t)f(in)f(A) -o(C)h(left)g(to)f(reac)o(h)i(zero,)g(set)g(T)m(rap)e(2.)1421 -180 y Fs(53)1480 195 y FJ(If)h(the)g(program)e(is)i(running)150 -245 y(in)g(a)h(non{zero)g(section)g(with)g(a)f(0)g(in)h(A)o(C)f(bit)g(0)h -(and)f(A)o(C)h(bits)g(6{17)e(non{zero,)j(add)e(1)h(to)f(A)o(C,)g(then)i(mo)o -(v)o(e)150 295 y(the)e(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)d(lo)q(cation)h -FE(E)21 b FJ(to)15 b(the)h(lo)q(cation)f(no)o(w)g(addressed)i(b)o(y)e(A)o(C)g -(bits)h(6{35.)22 b(The)16 b(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f FE(E)21 b -FJ(are)150 345 y(una\013ected;)15 b(the)g(original)d(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(of)g -(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(added)h(to)g(the)h(stac)o(k)f(are)g(lost.)150 -430 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)j(Do)12 b(not)g(allo)o(w)e(the)j(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(to)g -(address)h(A)o(C,)e(as)i(the)f(result)h(of)e(the)i(instruction)f(is)g(then)h -(indeterminate.)p 150 679 1495 4 v 150 604 V 148 677 4 75 v -1643 677 V 688 677 V 729 677 V 896 677 V 162 709 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 654 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)494 709 y Fq(8)p 522 677 V 24 w(9)591 654 y FE(A)150 -571 y Fk(POP)222 b(P)n(op)306 653 y FJ(262)150 804 y(If)12 -b(the)h(program)d(is)i(running)g(in)g(section)h(zero,)g(or)f(A)o(C)g(left)g -(is)g(negativ)o(e)g(\(or)h(A)o(C)f(bits)g(6{17)f(are)i(zero\),)g(mo)o(v)o(e)d -(the)150 854 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)k(of)f(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(addressed)j(b)o(y)e -(A)o(C)g(righ)o(t)g(to)g(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)5 b FJ(,)12 b(then)i(subtract)g -(1)f(from)e(eac)o(h)j(half)e(of)h(A)o(C.)150 904 y(If)h(the)h(subtraction)g -(causes)g(the)g(coun)o(t)g(in)e(A)o(C)i(left)f(to)g(reac)o(h)h -FH(\000)p FJ(1,)f(set)h(T)m(rap)f(2.)1433 889 y Fs(53)1487 -904 y FJ(If)g(the)g(program)f(is)h(running)150 954 y(in)i(a)g(non{zero)h -(section)g(with)f(a)g(0)g(in)g(A)o(C)h(bit)f(0)g(and)g(A)o(C)g(bits)h(6{17)e -(non{zero,)i(mo)o(v)o(e)e(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)d(the)150 -1004 y(lo)q(cation)f(addressed)i(b)o(y)f(A)o(C)g(bits)f(6{35)g(to)h(lo)q -(cation)e FE(E)5 b FJ(,)15 b(then)g(subtract)h(1)f(from)e(A)o(C.)h(The)h -(original)e(con)o(ten)o(ts)150 1053 y(of)g(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)19 -b FJ(are)c(lost.)150 1139 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)22 b(Do)16 b(not)g(use)g(the)h -(instruction)f FC(POP)d(A)o(C,A)o(C)m FJ(,)j(b)q(ecause)i(its)e(result)h(is)e -(indeterminate.)24 b(T)m(o)15 b(decremen)o(t)150 1189 y(the)20 -b(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(b)o(y)g(1)g(p)q(osition)f(\(in)h(other)h(w)o(ords)f(to)g -(thro)o(w)g(a)o(w)o(a)o(y)f(the)i(last)f(item)e(in)i(the)h(stac)o(k\),)g(use) -g(either)150 1239 y FC(POP)12 b(A)o(C,\(A)o(C\))g FJ(or)i FC(ADJSP)f(A)o -(C,{1)n FJ(.)150 1324 y FE(Example)s FJ(:)21 b(In)15 b(section)h(zero,)f(a)g -FC(POP)f FJ(can)h(b)q(e)h(used)g(to)e(implemen)o(t)f(a)h(rev)o(erse)j -FC(BL)m(T)p FJ(;)e(i.e.,)f(to)h(transfer)h(a)e(blo)q(c)o(k)150 -1374 y(of)h(w)o(ords)h(from)d(one)j(area)g(of)f(memory)e(to)i(another,)h -(starting)f(at)h(the)g(largest)g(addresses)h(and)f(pro)q(ceeding)g(to)150 -1424 y(the)d(smallest.)k(T)m(o)12 b(mo)o(v)o(e)f(a)h(blo)q(c)o(k)h(of)f -FE(N)19 b FJ(w)o(ords)13 b(from)e(a)h(source)i(area)f(to)g(a)f(destination)h -(area)g(whose)g(maxim)n(um)150 1474 y(addresses)i(are)e FE(S)18 -b FJ(and)13 b FE(D)k FJ(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(,)c(the)h(program)d(m)o(ust)h -(\014rst)h(set)h(up)f(a)f(stac)o(k)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(in)g(accum)o(ulator)e -FC(T)p FJ(,)150 1523 y(where)16 b FC(T)f FJ(left)f(con)o(tains)g -Fz(N)h FH(\000)10 b FJ(1)f(+)h(400000)j(and)i FC(T)g FJ(righ)o(t)f(con)o -(tains)g FE(S)5 b FJ(.)15 b(The)g(transfer)g(is)g(then)g(e\013ected)i(b)o(y)d -(this)150 1573 y(pair)f(of)h(instructions:)303 1694 y FB(POP)173 -b(T,D-S\(T\))303 1744 y(JUMPL)129 b(T,.-1)150 1900 y FJ(where)15 -b(the)f(jump)e(returns)j(to)e(the)i FC(POP)d FJ(un)o(til)h -FC(T)g FJ(left)h(is)f(less)h(than)g(400000;)e(i.e.,)g(un)o(til)h(it)g(lo)q -(oks)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e.)18 b(The)150 1950 y(400000)12 b(added)j(in)o(to)e -FC(T)h FJ(left)g(prev)o(en)o(ts)h(stac)o(k)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(but)g -(also)f(limits)e(the)k(blo)q(c)o(k)f(to)f(2)1570 1935 y Fs(17)1619 -1950 y FJ(w)o(ords.)p 150 2199 1495 4 v 150 2124 V 148 2197 -4 75 v 1643 2197 V 688 2197 V 729 2197 V 896 2197 V 162 2228 -a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2174 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2228 y Fq(8)p 522 2197 V 24 w(9)591 -2174 y FE(A)150 2090 y Fk(PUSHJ)163 b(Push)18 b(and)h(Jump)306 -2173 y FJ(260)150 2324 y(T)m(ak)o(e)13 b(one)h(of)g(these)h(three)g(courses)h -(of)d(action.)254 2441 y(If)d(the)i(program)d(is)i(running)g(in)g(section)g -(zero,)h(add)f(1)g(to)g(eac)o(h)g(half)f(of)h(A)o(C,)f(then)i(sa)o(v)o(e)f -(the)h(program)p 150 2472 720 2 v 181 2499 a Fr(53)214 2510 -y Fq(In)g(the)g(KA10,)h(incremen)o(ting)c(and)j(decremen)o(ting)d(b)q(oth)j -(halv)o(es)f(of)i(A)o(C)h(together)c(is)j(e\013ected)e(b)o(y)h(adding)f(and)h -(subtracting)150 2550 y(1000001)276 2555 y Fr(8)291 2550 y -Fq(.)j(Hence)c(a)g(coun)o(t)f(of)h Fj(\000)p Fq(2)g(in)g(A)o(C)h(left)f(is)g -(increased)e(to)i(0)g(if)g(2)1118 2538 y Fr(18)1158 2550 y -Fj(\000)c Fq(1)k(is)h(incremen)o(te)o(d)c(in)j(A)o(C)i(righ)o(t;)d(con)o(v)o -(ersely)m(,)e(1)j(in)g(A)o(C)150 2589 y(left)g(is)h(decreased)d(to)j -Fj(\000)p Fq(1)g(if)g(0)f(is)h(decremen)o(ted)c(in)k(A)o(C)h(righ)o(t.)i(In)d -(the)f(KA10,)h(there)e(are)h(no)h(trap)f(\015ags,)f(so)i(Pushdo)o(wn)f(Ov)o -(er\015o)o(w)150 2629 y(\(an)g(APR)h(in)o(terrupt)d(condition\))f(is)k(set)f -(instead.)p eop -%%Page: 140 90 -140 89 bop 0 50 a FJ(140)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)104 195 y FJ(\015ags)h(and)g(PC)g(in)f(a)h(PC)g(w)o(ord)g(in) -g(the)h(lo)q(cation)e(no)o(w)g(addressed)j(b)o(y)e(A)o(C)g(righ)o(t.)21 -b(If)15 b(the)g(addition)104 245 y(causes)g(the)g(coun)o(t)f(in)f(A)o(C)h -(left)g(to)f(reac)o(h)i(zero,)f(set)h(T)m(rap)f(2.)1070 230 -y Fs(53)104 330 y FJ(If)h(the)h(program)e(is)i(running)f(in)g(a)g(non{zero)h -(section)h(but)e(A)o(C)h(left)f(is)h(negativ)o(e)f(\(or)h(A)o(C)f(bits)h(6{) -104 380 y(17)g(are)g(zero\),)i(add)e(1)g(to)g(eac)o(h)h(half)e(of)h(A)o(C,)g -(then)h(sa)o(v)o(e)f(PC)h(in)f(bits)g(6{35)f(of)h(the)h(lo)q(cation)f(no)o(w) -104 430 y(addressed)i(b)o(y)e(A)o(C)g(righ)o(t)g(\(clear)h(bits)g(0{5\).)24 -b(If)16 b(the)h(addition)f(causes)h(the)g(coun)o(t)g(in)f(A)o(C)g(left)g(to) -104 480 y(reac)o(h)e(zero,)h(set)g(T)m(rap)e(2.)104 565 y(If)h(the)h(program) -f(is)g(running)h(in)f(a)g(non{zero)i(section)f(with)g(a)f(0)g(in)h(A)o(C)f -(bit)h(0)f(and)h(A)o(C)f(bits)h(6{17)104 615 y(non{zero,)f(add)g(1)f(to)h(A)o -(C,)g(then)g(sa)o(v)o(e)g(PC)h(in)e(bits)h(6{35)f(of)g(the)i(lo)q(cation)e -(no)o(w)h(addressed)i(b)o(y)d(A)o(C)104 665 y(\(clear)h(bits)g(0{5\).)0 -792 y(Then)g(jump)f(to)g(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)5 b FJ(.)0 878 -y(The)15 b(\015ags)f(are)h(una\013ected)g(except)h(First)f(P)o(art)f(Done,)g -(Address)i(F)m(ailure)e(Inhibit,)f(and)h(the)h(trap)f(\015ags,)g(whic)o(h)0 -928 y(are)h(cleared.)21 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)15 b(stac)o(k)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o -(w)f(o)o(v)o(errides)h(the)g(T)m(rap)f(2)h(clear,)f(so)h(if)f(the)h(list)f(o) -o(v)o(er\015o)o(ws,)g(T)m(rap)g(2)h(sets)0 977 y(and)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h -(traps)g(instead)f(of)f(jumping.)k(The)d(original)e(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(of)g -(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(added)h(to)f(the)h(list)0 1027 y(are)f(lost.)0 -1113 y(While)g(the)h(KI10)f(or)g(KA10)g(is)h(in)f(user)h(mo)q(de,)e(if)h -(this)g(instruction)h(is)f(executed)j(as)d(an)g(in)o(terrupt)i(instruction)0 -1163 y(\(or)f(b)o(y)f(a)g(KA10)g(MUUO\),)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(lea)o(v)o(es) -d(user)i(mo)q(de,)d(clearing)h(Public.)20 b(\(An)15 b(in)o(terrupt)g(that)g -(is)f(not)0 1212 y(dismissed)f(automatically)e(returns)k(con)o(trol)f(to)g(k) -o(ernel)g(mo)q(de.\))p 0 1464 1495 4 v 0 1389 V -2 1462 4 75 -v 1493 1462 V 538 1462 V 579 1462 V 746 1462 V 12 1493 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1439 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)344 1493 y Fq(8)p 372 1462 V 24 w(9)441 1439 y -FE(A)0 1355 y Fk(POPJ)196 b(P)n(op)19 b(and)g(Jump)156 1438 -y FJ(263)1515 1441 y FE(E)g FJ(is)14 b(not)g(used.)1770 1426 -y Fs(54)0 1589 y FJ(T)m(ak)o(e)f(one)h(of)g(these)h(three)g(courses)h(of)d -(action.)104 1716 y(If)e(the)i(program)d(is)h(running)h(in)f(section)i(zero,) -f(subtract)h(1)f(from)e(eac)o(h)i(half)f(of)g(A)o(C.)g(If)h(the)g(subtrac-) -104 1766 y(tion)j(causes)i(the)f(coun)o(t)g(in)g(A)o(C)f(left)h(to)f(reac)o -(h)i FH(\000)p FJ(1,)f(set)g(T)m(rap)g(2.)1157 1751 y Fs(53)1207 -1766 y FJ(Then)g(jump)e(to)i(the)g(lo)q(cation)104 1816 y(addressed)g(b)o(y)e -(the)h(righ)o(t)f(half)f(of)h(the)g(lo)q(cation)g(that)g(w)o(as)g(addressed)i -(b)o(y)f(A)o(C)f(righ)o(t)g FE(prior)j FJ(to)e(the)104 1865 -y(decremen)o(ting.)104 1951 y(If)e(the)g(program)f(is)h(running)g(in)f(a)h -(non{zero)h(section)g(but)f(A)o(C)g(left)g(is)g(negativ)o(e)g(\(or)g(A)o(C)g -(bits)g(6{17)104 2001 y(are)k(zero\),)h(subtract)g(1)f(from)e(eac)o(h)j(half) -e(of)g(A)o(C.)g(If)h(the)g(subtraction)h(causes)g(the)g(coun)o(t)f(in)f(A)o -(C)104 2051 y(left)f(to)h(reac)o(h)h FH(\000)p FJ(1,)f(set)h(T)m(rap)e(2.)24 -b(Then)16 b(jump)f(to)g(the)i(lo)q(cation)e(addressed)j(b)o(y)d(bits)h(6{35)f -(of)h(the)104 2100 y(lo)q(cation)d(that)h(w)o(as)f(addressed)j(b)o(y)e(A)o(C) -g(righ)o(t)f FE(prior)18 b FJ(to)13 b(the)i(decremen)o(ting.)104 -2186 y(If)f(the)h(program)f(is)g(running)h(in)f(a)g(non{zero)i(section)f -(with)g(a)f(0)g(in)h(A)o(C)f(bit)h(0)f(and)h(A)o(C)f(bits)h(6{17)104 -2236 y(non{zero,)h(subtract)g(1)g(from)e(A)o(C,)g(and)i(jump)e(to)h(the)h(lo) -q(cation)f(addressed)i(b)o(y)f(bits)f(6{35)g(of)g(the)104 2286 -y(lo)q(cation)e(that)h(w)o(as)f(addressed)j(b)o(y)e(A)o(C)g(bits)g(6{35)e -FE(prior)18 b FJ(to)c(the)g(decremen)o(ting.)p 0 2320 720 2 -v 31 2347 a Fr(54)64 2359 y Fh(I)5 b Fq(,)11 b Fh(X)17 b Fq(and)11 -b Fh(Y)19 b Fq(are)11 b(reserv)o(ed)e(and)i(should)f(b)q(e)h(zero.)p -eop -%%Page: 141 91 -141 90 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.10.)31 b(ST)m(A)o(CK)13 b(OPERA)m(TIONS)1187 -b FJ(141)952 224 y FF(Caution)254 315 y FJ(The)19 b(jump)e(is)h(completed)g -(b)q(efore)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(resp)q(onds)f(to)e(stac)o(k)h(o)o(v)o -(er\015o)o(w.)31 b(Hence,)21 b(it)d(is)254 365 y(imp)q(ossible)12 -b(to)i(determine)g(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(of)g(the)i FC(POPJ)d -FJ(that)i(caused)h(the)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w.)p 150 691 1495 -4 v 150 616 V 148 690 4 75 v 1643 690 V 688 690 V 729 690 V -896 690 V 162 721 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)698 666 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 721 y Fq(8)p 522 690 -V 24 w(9)591 666 y FE(A)150 583 y Fk(ADJSP)164 b(Adjust)18 -b(Stack)i(P)n(ointer)958 568 y Fs(55)306 666 y FJ(105)150 817 -y(If)d(the)h(program)d(is)i(running)g(in)g(section)h(zero,)g(or)g(A)o(C)f -(left)g(is)g(negativ)o(e)g(\(or)g(A)o(C)g(bits)h(6{17)e(are)i(zero\),)g(add) -150 866 y Fz(E)181 872 y Fs(R)222 866 y FJ(\(the)d(in{section)g(part)g(of)g -FE(E)5 b FJ(,)14 b(bit)h(18)f(is)h(the)h(sign\))e(algebraically)f(to)i(eac)o -(h)h(half)e(of)g(A)o(C.)g(If)h(a)f(negativ)o(e)h Fz(E)1924 -872 y Fs(R)150 916 y FJ(c)o(hanges)e(the)h(coun)o(t)e(in)h(A)o(C)f(left)h -(from)d(p)q(ositiv)o(e)j(or)f(zero)i(to)e(negativ)o(e,)h(or)f(if)g(a)g(p)q -(ositiv)o(e)h Fz(E)1589 922 y Fs(R)1627 916 y FJ(c)o(hanges)g(the)h(coun)o(t) -150 966 y(from)d(negativ)o(e)i(to)f(p)q(ositiv)o(e)h(or)f(zero,)i(set)g(T)m -(rap)e(2.)17 b(If)c(the)g(program)e(is)i(running)f(in)h(a)f(non{zero)h -(section)h(with)e(a)150 1016 y(0)g(in)f(A)o(C)h(bit)f(0)h(and)f(A)o(C)h(bits) -g(6{17)f(non{zero,)h(add)g Fz(E)1015 1022 y Fs(R)1052 1016 -y FJ(\(with)g(bit)f(18)g(extended)j(in)o(to)d(bits)h(0{17\))f(algebraically) -150 1066 y(to)j(A)o(C.)150 1151 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)25 b(When)18 -b(an)f FC(ADJSP)g FJ(c)o(hanges)h(the)g(con)o(trol)f(coun)o(t)h(in)f(a)g(lo)q -(cal)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(in)g(a)h(non{zero)g(section)g(from)150 -1201 y(negativ)o(e)13 b(to)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e,)g(the)g(result)h(will)e(app)q -(ear)i(to)f(b)q(e)h(a)f(global)e(p)q(oin)o(ter.)18 b(Similarly)l(,)10 -b(an)j(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(to)g(negativ)o(e)150 1251 y(can)h(o)q(ccur)i -(only)d(from)g(zero,)h(as)h(otherwise)g(the)g(original)d(w)o(ould)i(ha)o(v)o -(e)g(b)q(een)h(tak)o(en)f(as)h(global)d(\(excluding)i(the)150 -1301 y(irrelev)n(an)o(t)g(case)h(of)e(A)o(C)h(left)f(b)q(eing)h(greater)h -(than)f(zero)h(only)e(b)q(ecause)i(of)f(bits)g(1{5)f(b)q(eing)h(non{zero\).) -150 1461 y(A)d(stac)o(k)h(is)g(v)o(ery)f(con)o(v)o(enien)o(t)h(for)f(a)g -(program)f(that)h(can)h(use)g(data)f(stored)i(in)e(this)g(manner)g(b)q -(ecause)i(the)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)150 1511 y(is)h(initialized)e(only)i(once)g -(and)g(only)f(one)i(accum)o(ulator)d(is)i(required)h(for)f(the)g(most)f -(complex)g(stac)o(k)h(op)q(erations.)150 1561 y(T)m(o)g(initialize)g(a)g(lo)q -(cal)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)i FC(P)e FJ(for)h(a)f(list)h(to)g(b)q(e)g(k)o(ept)h(in)e -(a)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(of)h(memory)d(b)q(eginning)j(at)f FC(BLIST)h -FJ(and)g(to)150 1611 y(con)o(tain)f(at)h(most)f FE(N)20 b FJ(items,)13 -b(the)h(follo)o(wing)e(su\016ces.)324 1734 y FB(MOVSI)65 b(P,)p -FH(\000)p Fz(N)324 1784 y FB(HRRI)87 b(P,BLIST-1)150 1943 y -FJ(The)12 b(programmer)e(m)o(ust)h(de\014ne)i FC(BLIST)f FJ(and)f(set)i -(aside)f(lo)q(cations)g FC(BLIST)g FJ(to)f(BLIST+)p Fz(N)k -FH(\000)10 b FJ(1)o(.)18 b(Using)11 b FD(Ma)o(cr)o(o)150 1992 -y FJ(to)j(full)e(adv)n(an)o(tage)h(one)i(could)e(instead)h(giv)o(e)324 -2116 y FB(MOVE)87 b(P,[IOWD)20 b Fz(N)5 b FB(,BLIST])150 2275 -y FJ(where)15 b(the)g(pseudo{instruction)324 2398 y FB(IOWD)21 -b Fz(J)o(;)7 b(K)150 2557 y FJ(is)14 b(replaced)h(b)o(y)e(a)h(w)o(ord)g(con)o -(taining)f FH(\000)p Fz(J)18 b FJ(in)13 b(the)i(left)f(half)f(and)g -Fz(K)g FH(\000)c FJ(1)14 b(in)g(the)g(righ)o(t.)k(Elsewhere)e(there)f(w)o -(ould)p 150 2590 720 2 v 181 2617 a Fr(55)214 2629 y Fq(In)c(the)f(KI10)i -(and)e(KA10,)i(this)f(instruction)d(traps)j(as)g(an)g(unassigned)e(co)q(de)h -(\()p Fj(x)o Fq(2.16\).)p eop -%%Page: 142 92 -142 91 bop 0 50 a FJ(142)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(app)q(ear)0 318 y FB(BLIST:)42 b(BLOCK)80 -b FE(N)0 476 y FJ(whic)o(h)15 b(de\014nes)h FC(BLIST)e FJ(as)h(the)g(curren)o -(t)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)h(lo)q(cation)f(coun)o(ter)i(and)e(sets)i -(aside)f(the)g FE(N)21 b FJ(lo)q(cations)0 526 y(b)q(eginning)13 -b(at)h(that)g(p)q(oin)o(t.)0 611 y(Since)20 b(the)g(stac)o(k)g(is)f(indep)q -(enden)o(t)i(of)e(the)h(subroutine)g(called,)g FC(PUSHJ)p FJ({)p -FC(POPJ)c FJ(can)k(b)q(e)g(used)g(for)f(m)o(ultiple)0 661 y(en)o(tries.)i -(Moreo)o(v)o(er,)14 b(ordering)h(b)o(y)f(lev)o(el)g(is)h(inheren)o(t)g(in)f -(the)h(structure)h(of)e(a)g(stac)o(k,)h(so)f(paired)h FC(PUSHJ)p -FJ({)p FC(POPJ)0 711 y FJ(instructions)i(are)g(excellen)o(t)g(for)f(nesting)g -(subroutines:)24 b(there)18 b(can)e(b)q(e)h(an)o(y)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h -(subroutines)h(at)f(an)o(y)0 761 y(lev)o(el,)10 b(eac)o(h)g(with)f(more)f -(subroutines)j(nested)g(within)e(it.)16 b(Recursiv)o(e)10 b(subroutines)h -(are)f(also)f(easily)g(programmed.)0 846 y(The)j(stac)o(k)f(instructions)h -(tie)f(up)g(an)g(accum)o(ulator,)f(but)h(the)h(usual)f(pro)q(cedure)i(is)e -(to)g(k)o(eep)h(b)q(oth)f(data)g(and)g(jump)0 896 y(addresses)16 -b(in)d(a)h(single)f(list)h(so)g(only)f(one)h(accum)o(ulator)e(is)i(required)h -(for)e(most)g(op)q(erations.)18 b(The)c(programmer)0 946 y(m)o(ust)e(k)o(eep) -i(trac)o(k)f(of)f(whether)i(a)f(giv)o(en)g(en)o(try)g(in)g(the)g(list)g(is)f -(data)h(or)g(a)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(PC;)f(in)h(other)g(w)o(ords,)g(generally)0 -996 y(ev)o(ery)h(item)e(inserted)i(b)o(y)f(a)f FC(PUSH)h FJ(should)g(b)q(e)g -(remo)o(v)o(ed)g(b)o(y)f(a)h FC(POP)f FJ(or)h FC(ADJSP)f FJ(and)h(ev)o(ery)g -FC(PUSHJ)f FJ(should)h(b)q(e)0 1046 y(matc)o(hed)g(b)o(y)h(a)f -FC(POPJ)p FJ(.)0 1131 y(If)h(\015ag)f(restoration)h(is)g(desired)h(in)e -(section)i(zero,)f(the)h(returning)174 1254 y FB(POPJ)87 b(P,)0 -1412 y FJ(can)14 b(b)q(e)h(replaced)f(b)o(y)174 1534 y FB(POP)109 -b(P,AC)174 1584 y(JRSTF)65 b(\(AC\))0 1742 y FJ(whic)o(h)14 -b(requires)h(another)f(accum)o(ulator.)0 1828 y(In)g(section)h(zero)g(only)m -(,)e(if)g(the)i(\015ags)f(are)h(not)f(imp)q(ortan)o(t,)e(data)i(ma)o(y)e(b)q -(e)j(stored)h(in)d(the)i(left)f(halv)o(es)g(of)g(the)h(PC)0 -1878 y(w)o(ords)f(in)g(the)g(stac)o(k,)g(reducing)g(the)h(required)g(pushdo)o -(wn)f(depth.)0 1963 y(The)h(stac)o(k)g(is)g(k)o(ept)g(in)f(a)g(random{access) -h(memory)m(,)c(so)k(the)g(restrictions)h(on)e(order)i(of)e(en)o(try)h(and)f -(remo)o(v)n(al)f(of)0 2013 y(items)g(apply)h(only)f(to)i(the)f(standard)h -(addressing)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(in)e(stac)o(k)i -(instructions|other)g(addressing)0 2063 y(metho)q(ds)j(can)g(reference)i(an)o -(y)e(item)e(at)i(an)o(y)g(time.)29 b(The)18 b(most)f(con)o(v)o(enien)o(t)h(w) -o(a)o(y)f(to)h(do)g(this)g(is)g(to)g(use)g(the)0 2113 y(address)c(part)f(of)f -(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(as)g(an)f(index.)18 b(T)m(o)12 b(mo)o(v)o(e)f(the)i -(last)f(en)o(try)i(to)e(accum)o(ulator)f FC(A)o(C)p FJ(,)g(one)i(need)h -(simply)0 2163 y(giv)o(e)174 2285 y FB(MOVE)65 b(AC,\(P\))0 -2443 y FJ(This)14 b(do)q(es)g(not)g(shorten)h(the)g(list|the)e(w)o(ord)h(mo)o -(v)o(ed)e(remains)h(the)i(last)e(item)g(in)g(it.)0 2529 y(One)i(usually)f -(regards)h(an)f(index)h(register)g(as)g(supplying)e(an)h(additiv)o(e)g -(factor)h(for)f(a)g(basic)g(address)i(con)o(tained)0 2579 y(in)e(an)g -(instruction)g(w)o(ord,)g(but)g(the)h(index)f(register)h(can)g(supply)f(the)h -(basic)f(address)h(and)f(the)h(instruction)g(can)0 2629 y(supply)f(the)g -(additiv)o(e)f(factor.)18 b(Th)o(us)d(one)f(can)g(retriev)o(e)h(the)f -(next{to{last)g(item)f(b)o(y)g(giving)p eop -%%Page: 143 93 -143 92 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.11.)31 b(BYTE)14 b(MANIPULA)m(TION)1152 -b FJ(143)324 245 y FB(MOVE)87 b(AC,-1\(P\))150 405 y FJ(and)14 -b(so)g(forth.)k(Similarl)o(y)324 530 y FB(PUSH)87 b(P,-3\(P\))150 -690 y FJ(app)q(ends)19 b(the)g(third{to{last)e(item)g(to)h(the)h(end)f(of)g -(the)h(list)e(\(remem)o(b)q(er)h(that)g FE(E)23 b FJ(is)18 -b(calculated)g(b)q(efore)h(the)150 740 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)c(of)e -FC(P)h FJ(are)g(c)o(hanged\).)324 864 y FB(POP)109 b(P,-2\(P\))150 -1025 y FJ(remo)o(v)o(es)13 b(the)i(last)e(item)g(and)h(inserts)h(it)e(in)h -(place)g(of)f(the)i(next{to{last)e(item)g(in)g(the)i(shortened)g(list.)150 -1110 y(An)f FC(ADJSP)f FJ(can)h(delete)h(an)e(en)o(tire)i(blo)q(c)o(k)e(from) -f(a)i(stac)o(k;)g(and,)f(in)g(com)o(bination)f(with)h(a)h FC(BL)m(T)p -FJ(,)f(it)h(can)g(b)q(e)g(used)150 1160 y(to)g(add)f(a)h(whole)g(blo)q(c)o -(k.)150 1246 y(It)i(is)f(not)g(v)o(ery)h(practical)f(to)h(use)g -FC(PUSHJ)e FJ(to)i(call)e(a)h(subroutine)i(in)e(section)h(zero)g(from)e(a)h -(non{zero)h(section.)150 1295 y(The)g FC(PUSHJ)p FJ(,)f(executed)j(in)d(a)h -(non{zero)g(section,)h(will)d(store)j(a)f(30{bit)e(PC)i(on)g(the)h(stac)o(k;) -f(a)g(corresp)q(onding)150 1345 y FC(POPJ)p FJ(,)e(executed)k(in)e(section)i -(zero,)f(in)o(terprets)h(only)e(the)h(righ)o(tmost)e(18{bits)g(of)h(PC)h -(when)g(returning)g(from)150 1395 y(the)12 b(subroutine.)19 -b(F)m(urther,)12 b(if)f(the)i(stac)o(k)f(is)g(lo)q(cal,)f(it)g(is)h -(impractical)e(to)h(mak)o(e)g(in)o(ter{section)h(calls;)g(if)f(the)i(stac)o -(k)150 1445 y(is)j(global,)f(it)i(will)e(b)q(e)i(misin)o(terpreted)f(while)g -(the)i(program)d(executes)j(in)e(section)i(zero.)26 b(F)m(or)16 -b(these)i(reasons,)150 1495 y(programs)13 b(that)h(use)g(extended)i -(addressing)e(tend)h(to)f(a)o(v)o(oid)e(using)i(section)g(zero.)150 -1668 y FA(2.11)70 b(Byte)22 b(Manipulation)911 1645 y Fs(56)150 -1794 y FJ(This)14 b(set)g(of)g(six)f(instructions)i(allo)o(ws)d(the)j -(programmer)c(to)j(pac)o(k)g(or)f(unpac)o(k)h(b)o(ytes)h(of)e(an)o(y)g -(length)h(an)o(ywhere)150 1844 y(within)19 b(a)h(w)o(ord.)37 -b(Mo)o(v)o(emen)o(t)19 b(of)g(a)h(b)o(yte)g(is)g(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(b)q(et)o(w)o -(een)j(A)o(C)e(and)g(a)g(memory)d(lo)q(cation:)30 b(a)19 b(dep)q(osit)150 -1894 y(instruction)h(tak)o(es)f(a)h(b)o(yte)f(from)f(the)i(righ)o(t)f(end)h -(of)e(A)o(C)i(and)f(inserts)h(it)f(at)g(an)o(y)g(desired)i(p)q(osition)d(in)h -(the)150 1944 y(memory)c(lo)q(cation;)k(a)f(load)f(instruction)h(tak)o(es)g -(a)g(b)o(yte)g(from)e(an)o(y)i(p)q(osition)f(in)g(the)i(memory)c(lo)q(cation) -i(and)150 1994 y(places)d(it)g(righ)o(t{justi\014ed)g(in)f(A)o(C.)150 -2079 y(The)i(b)o(yte)f(manipulation)e(instructions)j(ha)o(v)o(e)f(the)h -(standard)g(memory)c(reference)17 b(format,)12 b(but)j(the)g(e\013ectiv)o(e{) -150 2129 y(address)i FE(E)k FJ(is)16 b(used)h(to)f(retriev)o(e)h(a)f(p)q(oin) -o(ter,)g(whic)o(h)g(is)g(used)g(in)g(turn)g(to)g(lo)q(cate)g(the)h(b)o(yte)f -(or)g(the)h(place)f(that)150 2179 y(will)g(receiv)o(e)j(it.)30 -b(There)18 b(are)h(three)g(formats)d(for)h(b)o(yte)i(p)q(oin)o(ters:)26 -b(one{w)o(ord)18 b(lo)q(cal,)f(one{w)o(ord)h(global,)e(and)150 -2229 y(t)o(w)o(o{w)o(ord.)21 b(Only)14 b(the)i(\014rst)g(of)e(these)j -(applies)e(in)f(unextended)j(pro)q(cessors.)23 b(The)16 b(\014rst)g(t)o(w)o -(o)e(apply)h(in)f(section)150 2278 y(zero)h(of)e(an)h(extended)h(pro)q -(cessor.)697 2263 y Fs(57)752 2278 y FJ(All)e(three)i(formats)e(are)h(v)n -(alid)e(in)i(non{zero)g(sections.)150 2364 y(A)g(one{w)o(ord)g(lo)q(cal)f(p)q -(oin)o(ter)h(has)g(the)g(format)p 150 2399 720 2 v 181 2425 -a Fr(56)214 2437 y Fq(In)8 b(a)h(KA10)g(without)f(b)o(yte)g(manipulatio)o(n)e -(hardw)o(are,)i(all)g(of)h(the)f(instructions)e(presen)o(ted)h(in)i(this)f -(section)f(trap)h(as)h(unassigned)150 2477 y(co)q(des)h(\()p -Fj(x)p Fq(2.16\).)k(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)d(all)g(KA10s)g(w)o(ere)h(deliv)o(ered) -d(with)i(b)o(yte)g(manipulat)o(ion)d(hardw)o(are.)181 2504 -y Fr(57)214 2516 y Fq(In)14 b(early)f(v)o(ersions)g(of)h(the)g(extended)e -(KL10)j(micro)q(co)q(de,)d(one{w)o(ord)h(global)g(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ters)g -(w)o(ere)i(legal)e(only)g(in)i(non{zero)150 2556 y(sections.)22 -b(Curren)o(t)14 b(KL10)g(micro)q(co)q(de)e(remo)o(v)o(es)g(this)i -(restriction,)e(except,)i(the)f(KL10)i(fails)f(to)g(honor)f(one{w)o(ord)f -(global)h(b)o(yte)150 2595 y(p)q(oin)o(ters)c(when)j(they)e(app)q(ear)g(in)h -(string)f(instructions)f(executed)g(in)i(section)f(zero.)p -eop -%%Page: 144 94 -144 93 bop 0 50 a FJ(144)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)p 153 205 1495 2 v 152 265 2 60 v 263 250 a -FE(P)p 401 265 V 224 w(S)p 650 265 V 123 w FJ(0)p 692 265 V -19 w FE(I)p 733 265 V 85 w(X)p 899 265 V 425 w(Y)p 1646 265 -V 153 266 1495 2 v 165 301 a Fq(0)189 b(5)24 b(6)172 b(11)14 -b(12)6 b(13)14 b(14)71 b(17)23 b(18)664 b(35)0 387 y FJ(where)18 -b FE(S)j FJ(is)c(the)g(size)g(of)f(the)h(b)o(yte)g(as)f(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(of)g(bits)h(\(with)f(zero)h FE(S)22 b FJ(sp)q(ecifying)16 -b(a)h(n)o(ull)e(b)o(yte\))i(and)f FE(P)21 b FJ(is)0 437 y(its)d(p)q(osition)f -(as)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(bits)h(remaining)d(at)j(the)g(righ)o(t)g -(of)f(the)h(b)o(yte)g(in)f(the)i(w)o(ord)e(\(e.g.,)h(if)f FE(P)22 -b FJ(is)17 b(3)0 487 y(the)g(righ)o(tmost)e(bit)h(of)g(the)i(b)o(yte)f(is)f -(bit)g(32)g(of)g(the)i(w)o(ord\).)26 b(The)17 b(rest)h(of)e(the)h(p)q(oin)o -(ter)g(is)f(in)o(terpreted)i(in)e(the)0 537 y(same)e(w)o(a)o(y)h(as)g(in)f -(an)h(instruction:)21 b FE(I)7 b FJ(,)14 b FE(X)7 b FJ(,)14 -b(and)h FE(Y)23 b FJ(are)15 b(used)h(to)f(calculate)h(the)f(address)i(of)d -(the)i(lo)q(cation)e(that)0 586 y(is)f(the)i(source)g(or)e(destination)h(of)f -(the)h(b)o(yte;)f(the)i(address)g(calculation)d(b)q(egins)i(in)f(the)h -(section)h(con)o(taining)d(the)0 636 y(p)q(oin)o(ter.)0 722 -y(Unextended)g(pro)q(cessors)g(supp)q(ort)e(only)g(the)g(one{w)o(ord)g(lo)q -(cal{format)d(b)o(yte)j(p)q(oin)o(ter.)17 b(Unextended)12 b(pro)q(cessors)0 -772 y(ignore)h(bit)f(12)g(of)h(the)g(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ter;)g(for)f -(compatibilit)o(y)e(with)j(extended)h(pro)q(cessors,)h(bit)d(12)g(should)h(b) -q(e)g(set)h(to)0 821 y(zero.)0 907 y(In)g(an)g(extended)h(pro)q(cessor,)g -(the)g FE(P)j FJ(\014eld)c(of)f(a)h(one{w)o(ord)g(lo)q(cal)f(b)o(yte)h(p)q -(oin)o(ter)g(m)o(ust)f(con)o(tain)h(a)f(v)n(alue)g FH(\024)f -FJ(36)1765 913 y Fs(10)0 957 y FJ(\()p FH(\024)i FJ(44)104 -963 y Fs(8)122 957 y FJ(\).)21 b(In)15 b(an)f(extended)j(pro)q(cessor,)f(bit) -f(12)f(of)g(a)h(one{w)o(ord)g(lo)q(cal)f(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(m)o(ust)f -(b)q(e)h(zero)h(when)f(the)0 1007 y(b)o(yte)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(is)f(used)g(in) -g(a)g(non{zero)g(section.)28 b(Bit)18 b(12)e(is)h(ignored)g(b)o(y)g(the)g -(pro)q(cessor)i(when)f(executing)f(in)0 1056 y(section)e(zero;)f(for)f -(compatibilit)o(y)e(with)j(extended)h(uses,)g(bit)e(12)h(should)f(b)q(e)i -(set)g(to)e(zero.)0 1142 y(The)h(one-w)o(ord)g(global)e(b)o(yte)j(p)q(oin)o -(ter,)e(v)n(alid)g(only)g(in)g(extended)j(pro)q(cessors,)f(has)f(this)g -(format:)p 153 1241 V 152 1301 2 60 v 252 1286 a FE(PS)p 401 -1301 V 706 w(Y)p 1646 1301 V 153 1303 1495 2 v 165 1338 a Fq(0)189 -b(5)24 b(6)1180 b(35)0 1424 y FJ(In)11 b(this)h(format,)d(the)j -FE(Y)19 b FJ(\014eld)12 b(con)o(tains)f(the)h(30{bit)e(address)j(of)d(the)i -(w)o(ord)f(con)o(taining)g(the)g(b)o(yte)h(\(or)f(in)o(to)g(whic)o(h)0 -1473 y(the)j(b)o(yte)f(will)f(b)q(e)h(placed\);)h(the)f FE(PS)19 -b FJ(\014eld,)12 b(whic)o(h)h(m)o(ust)f(con)o(tain)h(a)g(v)n(alue)f -Fz(>)g FJ(36)1284 1479 y Fs(10)1332 1473 y FJ(\()p Fz(>)f FJ(44)1433 -1479 y Fs(8)1452 1473 y FJ(\),)h(enco)q(des)j(b)q(oth)e(the)0 -1523 y(p)q(osition)h(and)g(the)g(size)h(of)f(the)h(b)o(yte.)k(These)c(enco)q -(dings)g(are)g(displa)o(y)o(ed)e(in)h(the)h(follo)o(wing)c(table,)j(whic)o(h) -g(giv)o(es)0 1573 y(the)i FE(P)j FJ(and)c FE(S)20 b FJ(v)n(alues)15 -b(corresp)q(onding)h(to)f(eac)o(h)h(v)n(alue)e(of)h FE(PS)5 -b FJ(.)15 b(The)g(v)n(alue)g(of)f FE(PS)21 b FJ(is)15 b(expressed)i(in)e(o)q -(ctal.)21 b(the)0 1623 y(v)n(alue)12 b(of)g FE(S)5 b FJ(,)13 -b(the)h(size)f(of)f(the)i(b)o(yte,)f(and)g(the)g(v)n(alue)f(of)h -FE(P)k FJ(\(the)c(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(bits)h(remaining)d(at)j(the)h(righ)o -(t)e(of)g(the)0 1673 y(b)o(yte)i(in)g(the)g(w)o(ord\))g(are)g(expressed)j(in) -c(decimal.)p 484 1725 833 2 v 483 1784 2 60 v 509 1769 a FE(PS)64 -b(P)49 b(S)p 749 1784 V 758 1784 V 59 w(PS)64 b(P)50 b(S)p -1023 1784 V 1032 1784 V 58 w(PS)64 b(P)k(S)p 1315 1784 V 484 -1786 833 2 v 483 1845 2 60 v 514 1831 a FJ(45)54 b(36)e(6)p -749 1845 V 758 1845 V 63 w(56)i(20)e(8)p 1023 1845 V 1032 1845 -V 63 w(67)i(36)70 b(9)p 1315 1845 V 483 1895 2 50 v 514 1880 -a(46)54 b(30)e(6)p 749 1895 V 758 1895 V 63 w(57)i(12)e(8)p -1023 1895 V 1032 1895 V 63 w(70)i(27)70 b(9)p 1315 1895 V 483 -1945 V 514 1930 a(47)54 b(24)e(6)p 749 1945 V 758 1945 V 63 -w(60)75 b(4)52 b(8)p 1023 1945 V 1032 1945 V 63 w(71)i(18)70 -b(9)p 1315 1945 V 483 1995 V 514 1980 a(50)54 b(18)e(6)p 749 -1995 V 758 1995 V 63 w(61)i(36)e(7)p 1023 1995 V 1032 1995 -V 63 w(72)75 b(9)70 b(9)p 1315 1995 V 483 2045 V 514 2030 a(51)54 -b(12)e(6)p 749 2045 V 758 2045 V 63 w(62)i(29)e(7)p 1023 2045 -V 1032 2045 V 63 w(73)75 b(0)70 b(9)p 1315 2045 V 483 2095 -V 514 2080 a(52)75 b(6)52 b(6)p 749 2095 V 758 2095 V 63 w(63)i(22)e(7)p -1023 2095 V 1032 2095 V 63 w(74)i(36)c(18)p 1315 2095 V 483 -2144 V 514 2129 a(53)75 b(0)52 b(6)p 749 2144 V 758 2144 V -63 w(64)i(15)e(7)p 1023 2144 V 1032 2144 V 63 w(75)i(18)c(18)p -1315 2144 V 483 2194 V 514 2179 a(54)k(36)e(8)p 749 2194 V -758 2194 V 63 w(65)75 b(8)52 b(7)p 1023 2194 V 1032 2194 V -63 w(76)75 b(0)50 b(18)p 1315 2194 V 483 2244 V 514 2229 a(55)k(28)e(8)p -749 2244 V 758 2244 V 63 w(66)75 b(1)52 b(7)p 1023 2244 V 1032 -2244 V 63 w(77)66 b(Illegal)p 1315 2244 V 484 2246 833 2 v -0 2319 a(The)13 b(t)o(w)o(o{w)o(ord)e(b)o(yte)i(p)q(oin)o(ter,)f(v)n(alid)f -(only)g(in)h(non{zero)g(sections,)i(in)d(lo)q(cations)h Fz(E)r(;)7 -b(E)h FJ(+)e(1,)1469 2304 y Fs(58)1516 2319 y FJ(has)12 b(this)g(format:)p -0 2396 720 2 v 31 2423 a Fr(58)64 2434 y Fq(Refer)e(to)h(the)g(description)e -(of)i Fi(E)r(;)5 b(E)10 b Fq(+)e(1)j(on)g(page)g(52.)p eop -%%Page: 145 95 -145 94 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.11.)31 b(BYTE)14 b(MANIPULA)m(TION)1152 -b FJ(145)p 303 205 1495 2 v 302 265 2 60 v 413 250 a FE(P)p -551 265 V 224 w(S)p 800 265 V 123 w FJ(1)p 842 265 V 33 w(Reserv)o(ed)p -1049 265 V 240 w(Av)n(ailable)12 b(to)i(User)p 1796 265 V 303 -266 1495 2 v 302 326 2 60 v 758 311 a(Indirect)g(W)m(ord)g(\(Global)e(or)i -(Lo)q(cal\))p 1796 326 V 303 328 1495 2 v 315 363 a Fq(0)189 -b(5)24 b(6)172 b(11)14 b(12)g(13)113 b(17)23 b(18)664 b(35)150 -446 y FJ(This)18 b(t)o(w)o(o{w)o(ord)g(arrangemen)o(t)f(allo)o(ws)g(for)h -(global)e(p)q(oin)o(ting,)i(b)q(ecause)i(the)f(second)g(w)o(ord)f(can)h(b)q -(e)g(lo)q(cal)e(or)150 496 y(global)d(as)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(bit)g(0)f -(\(see)j(the)f(discussion)g(of)e(indirect)i(w)o(ords)f(in)g -FH(x)q FJ(1.7.2\).)20 b(An)15 b(extended)i(pro)q(cessor)150 -546 y(determines)c(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(w)o(ords)g(in)g(a)f(p)q(oin)o -(ter)i(b)o(y)e(the)i(state)g(of)e(bit)h(12)g(in)f(the)i(\014rst)g(w)o(ord)f -(of)f(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ters)150 596 y(read)i(from)e(non-zero)i(sections.) -21 b(\(The)16 b(pro)q(cessor)g(ignores)f(bit)f(12)g(of)g(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o -(ters)g(read)g(from)e(section)j(zero;)150 645 y(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)e(bit)f(12) -h(should)f(b)q(e)i(0.\))150 731 y(An)o(y)f(of)f(the)i(three)g(t)o(yp)q(es)g -(of)e(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ters)h(aim)c(at)j(a)g(w)o(ord)f(whose)i(format)d -(is)p 303 930 1495 4 v 301 928 4 125 v 303 806 1495 4 v 1796 -928 4 125 v 675 949 4 146 v 1173 949 V 877 879 a Fl(S)h(Bits)459 -b(P)13 b(Bits)1133 928 y Fn(\000)-83 b(\000)f(\000)g(\000)h(\000)f(\000)h -(\000)f(\000)h(\000)f(\000)h(\000)f(\000)1133 845 y(\000)h(\000)f(\000)g -(\000)h(\000)f(\000)h(\000)f(\000)h(\000)f(\000)h(\000)f(\000)801 -887 y(\000)g(\000)h(\000)f(\000)415 b(\000)-83 b(\000)f(\000)g(\000)316 -969 y FI(0)689 970 y(36{)p Fd(P)p FI({)p Fd(S)252 b FI(35{)p -Fd(P)39 b FI(36{)p Fd(P)463 b FI(35)150 1064 y FJ(where)15 -b(the)g(shaded)f(area)g(is)g(the)g(b)o(yte.)150 1149 y(Bytes)g(are)g(alw)o(a) -o(ys)e(con)o(tiguous)h(within)f(a)h(w)o(ord,)f(and)h(the)h(forw)o(ard)f -(order)h(is)e(left)h(to)g(righ)o(t)g(in)f(w)o(ords)i(and)f(from)150 -1199 y(lo)o(w)h(to)g(high)g(addresses.)23 b(The)15 b(p)q(osition)f(of)h(the)g -(b)o(yte)g(area)g(in)f(a)h(w)o(ord)f(is)h(called)f(the)i(\\b)o(yte)e -(alignmen)o(t.")k(Let)150 1249 y FE(P)g FJ(b)q(e)d(the)f(p)q(osition)f(of)g -(a)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(yte;)f(36)9 b FH(\000)g Fz(P)19 b -FJ(is)14 b(then)g(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g(bits)h(in)f(the)i(left)e(part) -h(of)g(the)g(w)o(ord)150 1299 y(including)i(the)j(giv)o(en)e(b)o(yte)g(and)h -(all)e(b)o(yte)i(p)q(ositions)f(at)g(the)h(left)g(of)f(it.)28 -b(Dividing)16 b(36)11 b FH(\000)h Fz(P)22 b FJ(b)o(y)c Fz(S)i -FJ(giv)o(es)d(the)150 1349 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)c(of)g(b)o(yte)h(p)q(ositions)f -(in)g(this)h(left)f(part,)h(and)f(the)h(remainder)f(is)h(those)g(extra)g -(bits)g(at)f(the)h(left)g(end)g(that)150 1398 y(are)g(not)g(in)g(an)o(y)f(b)o -(yte)h(p)q(osition.)k(This)13 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)h(extra)g(bits,)g(\(36)8 -b FH(\000)i Fz(P)c FJ(\))11 b(mo)q(d)f Fz(S)r FJ(,)k(is)g(the)h(b)o(yte)f -(alignmen)o(t.)150 1484 y(A)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(of)f(8{bit)g(b)o(ytes)h(migh)o(t) -e(lo)q(ok)h(lik)o(e)g(this.)282 1716 y FE(Y)282 1789 y(Y)8 -b FC(+1)282 1864 y FE(Y)g FC(+2)332 1913 y FG(.)332 1934 y(.)332 -1954 y(.)p 407 1891 1495 4 v 405 1889 4 225 v 737 1889 4 150 -v 1069 1889 V 1401 1889 V 1733 1889 V 1899 1889 4 225 v 1858 -1739 4 75 v 1526 1739 V 1194 1739 V 407 1816 1495 4 v 407 1741 -V 407 1666 V 742 1717 a FC(19)13 b(bits)1304 1712 y(Byte)h(0)217 -b(Byte)14 b(1)1820 1625 y(1)g(bit)1873 1690 y Fn(E)1872 1681 -y(E)515 1787 y FC(Byte)g(2)515 1862 y(Byte)g(6)847 1787 y(Byte)g(3)847 -1862 y(Byte)g(7)1179 1787 y(Byte)g(4)1179 1862 y(Byte)g(8)1511 -1787 y(Byte)h(5)1511 1862 y(Byte)g(9)1770 1791 y(4)e(bits)1770 -1866 y(4)g(bits)150 2105 y FJ(In)j(the)g(\014rst)g(w)o(ord,)g(the)g(\014rst)h -(b)o(yte)f(can)g(o)q(ccup)o(y)g(an)o(y)f(p)q(osition,)g(and)h(as)f(man)o(y)f -(b)o(ytes)j(as)e(will)g(\014t)h(are)g(pac)o(k)o(ed)150 2155 -y(in)o(to)c(the)i(rest)h(of)d(the)i(w)o(ord)f(at)g(the)h(righ)o(t.)j(In)c -(the)h(second)g(and)f(all)f(succeeding)j(w)o(ords,)e(the)h(b)o(yte)f -(alignmen)o(t)e(is)150 2204 y(zero)k(no)f(matter)f(where)j(the)e(b)o(ytes)h -(ma)o(y)d(start)j(in)f(the)h(\014rst)f(w)o(ord,)g(and)g(as)g(man)o(y)e(as)j -(will)d(\014t)j(are)f(pac)o(k)o(ed)h(in)o(to)150 2254 y(ev)o(ery)h(w)o(ord,)e -(although)g(the)h(last)g(ma)o(y)e(run)i(short.)21 b(In)15 b(this)g(example)f -(the)h(b)o(yte)g(alignmen)o(t)e(in)h(the)h(\014rst)h(w)o(ord)150 -2304 y(is)g(3,)g(ev)o(en)g(though)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(b)o(yte)g(p)q(ositions)g(are) -g(not)g(used:)23 b(the)17 b(alignmen)o(t)d(is)i(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(less)h(than)g -FE(S)22 b FJ(and)15 b(is)h(the)150 2354 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(mo)q(d)g -FE(S)20 b FJ(of)14 b(bits)i(at)e(the)i(left)f(of)f(the)i(\014rst)g(b)o(yte.) -21 b(Bytes)c(are)e(assumed)g(to)g(b)q(e)g(handled)g(consecutiv)o(ely)150 -2404 y(in)h(the)h(forw)o(ard)f(direction)h(only)m(,)f(and)g(for)g(this)h(t)o -(yp)q(e)g(of)f(pro)q(cessing)i(the)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(is)f(\\incremen)o(ted.") -26 b(Since)150 2453 y(b)o(ytes)15 b(are)f(con)o(tiguous)g(and)g(are)h(pro)q -(cessed)h(from)d(left)h(to)g(righ)o(t,)f(incremen)o(ting)g(merely)g(replaces) -j(the)e(curren)o(t)150 2503 y(v)n(alue)i(of)g Fz(P)22 b FJ(b)o(y)16 -b Fz(P)h FH(\000)11 b Fz(S)r FJ(,)18 b(unless)f(there)h(is)f(insu\016cien)o -(t)f(space)i(in)e(the)h(presen)o(t)i(lo)q(cation)c(for)i(another)g(b)o(yte)g -(of)150 2553 y(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(size)g(\()p Fz(P)g FH(\000)11 -b Fz(S)18 b(<)d FJ(0\).)25 b(In)16 b(this)g(case,)h FE(Y)24 -b FJ(is)16 b(increased)i(b)o(y)e(1)g(to)g(p)q(oin)o(t)f(to)h(the)h(next)g -(consecutiv)o(e)p eop -%%Page: 146 96 -146 95 bop 0 50 a FJ(146)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(lo)q(cation,)f(and)g FE(P)18 b FJ(is)c(set)h(to)f -(36)8 b FH(\000)i Fz(S)17 b FJ(to)c(p)q(oin)o(t)h(to)g(the)g(\014rst)h(b)o -(yte)f(at)g(the)g(left)g(in)f(the)i(new)f(lo)q(cation.)1604 -180 y Fs(59)0 281 y FJ(T)m(o)d(facilitate)g(pro)q(cessing)j(a)d(series)j(of)d -(b)o(ytes,)i(t)o(w)o(o)f(of)f(the)i(b)o(yte)f(handling)f(instructions)i -(incremen)o(t)f(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)0 330 y(b)q(efore)j(handling)e(the)i(b)o -(yte.)23 b(A)16 b(t)o(ypical)f(pro)q(cedure)i(for)e(using)g(these)i -(instructions)f(is)g(to)f(set)h(up)g(the)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)0 -380 y(initially)11 b(to)j(p)q(oin)o(t)f(at)h(the)h(b)o(yte)f(p)q(osition)f -(preceding)i(the)g(\014rst)f(b)o(yte.)0 466 y(The)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(is)f -(referred)i(to)e(as)h(b)q(eing)f(\\at)g(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)5 -b FJ(,")15 b(whic)o(h)g(means)g(that)g(it)g(is)h(either)g(a)f(single)g(w)o -(ord)g(in)0 516 y(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)21 b FJ(or)16 b(a)g(double)g(w)o(ord)g -(in)f(lo)q(cation)g Fz(E)r(;)7 b(E)13 b FJ(+)d(1.)921 501 y -Fs(58)972 516 y FJ(Lo)q(cal)15 b(and)h(global)f(p)q(oin)o(ters)h(and)g(the)h -(op)q(erations)0 565 y(asso)q(ciated)k(with)f(them,)h(as)f(describ)q(ed)i(ab) -q(o)o(v)o(e,)f(are)g(also)f(utilized)g(in)g(handling)f(b)o(yte)h(strings,)i -(whic)o(h)f(are)0 615 y(discussed)16 b(in)d(the)h(three)i(sections)f(follo)o -(wing)c(this)j(one.)765 733 y FF(CA)n(UTION)104 825 y FJ(On)d(an)h(extended)h -(pro)q(cessor,)g(a)e(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(with)h FE(P)j FJ(greater)e(than)e(36) -1174 831 y Fs(10)1220 825 y FJ(signi\014es)g(a)h(one{w)o(ord)f(global)104 -874 y(b)o(yte)k(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(in)g(an)o(y)g(con)o(text;)h(an)f(instruction) -h(that)f(uses)i(a)e(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(in)g(whic)o(h)h(P)f(is)h(equal) -104 924 y(to)c(63)g(will)f(trap)i(as)f(an)h(MUUO.)f(On)h(an)f(unextended)i -(pro)q(cessor,)h(giving)c(a)h(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(in)g(whic)o(h)104 -974 y FE(P)18 b FJ(is)c(greater)h(than)f(36)f(pro)q(duces)i(an)f -(indeterminate)f(result)i(in)e(an)o(y)h(instruction)g(that)g(uses)h(it.)104 -1059 y(Giving)d(a)h(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(in)f(whic)o(h)g -FE(S)19 b FJ(is)14 b(greater)g(than)g(36)f(pro)q(duces)i(an)e(indeterminate)g -(result)i(in)104 1109 y(an)o(y)g(instruction)g(that)g(uses)i(it.)22 -b(A)15 b FE(P)20 b FJ(of)14 b(36)h(should)g(b)q(e)h(used)g(only)f(for)g -(initial)e(incremen)o(ting)h(b)o(y)104 1159 y(an)f(ILDB)h(or)g(IDPB)g(\(its)g -(e\013ect)i(on)e(an)f(LDB)h(or)g(DPB)g(is)g(indeterminate\).)104 -1245 y(If)g(b)q(oth)i FE(P)j FJ(and)c FE(S)20 b FJ(are)c(less)f(than)g(36)g -(but)g Fz(P)g FJ(+)c Fz(S)16 b(>)e FJ(36,)g(a)h(b)o(yte)g(of)g(size)g(36)10 -b FH(\000)g Fz(P)20 b FJ(is)15 b(loaded)g(from)104 1294 y(p)q(osition)e -FE(P)t FJ(,)h(or)g(the)g(righ)o(t)g(36)8 b FH(\000)i Fz(P)19 -b FJ(bits)14 b(of)f(the)i(b)o(yte)f(are)g(dep)q(osited)h(in)f(p)q(osition)f -FE(P)t FJ(.)p 0 1621 1495 4 v 0 1546 V -2 1619 4 75 v 1493 -1619 V 538 1619 V 579 1619 V 746 1619 V 12 1650 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1596 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)344 1650 y Fq(8)p 372 1619 V 24 w(9)441 1596 y -FE(A)0 1512 y Fk(LDB)226 b(Load)19 b(Byte)156 1595 y FJ(135)0 -1746 y(Retriev)o(e)14 b(a)f(b)o(yte)g(of)g FE(S)19 b FJ(bits)13 -b(from)e(the)j(lo)q(cation)f(and)g(p)q(osition)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)e -(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(at)f(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)5 b FJ(,)13 -b(load)0 1796 y(it)i(in)o(to)h(the)g(righ)o(t)f(end)i(of)e(A)o(C,)g(and)h -(clear)g(the)g(remaining)e(A)o(C)i(bits.)24 b(The)16 b(lo)q(cation)f(con)o -(taining)g(the)h(b)o(yte)g(is)0 1846 y(una\013ected;)f(the)g(original)d(con)o -(ten)o(ts)i(of)g(A)o(C)g(are)g(lost.)0 1931 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)k(If)c -FE(S)19 b FJ(is)13 b(zero,)i FC(LDB)f FJ(clears)g(A)o(C.)p -0 2180 1495 4 v 0 2105 V -2 2178 4 75 v 1493 2178 V 538 2178 -V 579 2178 V 746 2178 V 12 2210 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 2155 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2210 -y Fq(8)p 372 2178 V 24 w(9)441 2155 y FE(A)0 2072 y Fk(DPB)220 -b(Dep)r(osit)19 b(Byte)156 2154 y FJ(137)0 2306 y(Dep)q(osit)e(the)g(righ)o -(t)f FE(S)21 b FJ(bits)c(of)f(A)o(C)g(in)o(to)g(the)h(lo)q(cation)f(and)g(p)q -(osition)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(at)f(lo)q(cation)0 -2355 y FE(E)5 b FJ(.)13 b(The)g(original)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(of)f(the)h(bits)f -(that)g(receiv)o(e)i(the)e(b)o(yte)h(are)g(lost;)e(A)o(C)h(and)g(the)h -(remaining)d(bits)j(of)e(the)0 2405 y(dep)q(osit)i(lo)q(cation)f(are)i -(una\013ected.)p 0 2440 720 2 v 31 2467 a Fr(59)64 2478 y Fh(Caution)s -Fq(:)i(In)12 b(the)f(KA10,)i(do)f(not)g(allo)o(w)g Fh(Y)20 -b Fq(to)12 b(reac)o(h)f(maxim)o(um)f(v)n(alue.)16 b(The)d(whole)f(p)q(oin)o -(ter)e(is)j(incremen)o(ted)o(,)d(so,)i(if)h Fh(Y)19 b Fq(is)0 -2518 y(2)18 2506 y Fr(18)57 2518 y Fj(\000)8 b Fq(1,)j(it)g(b)q(ecomes)e -(zero)i(and)f Fh(X)17 b Fq(is)11 b(also)g(incremen)o(te)o(d.)h(The)g(address) -d(calculation)f(for)j(the)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)e(uses)i(the)f(original)f -Fh(X)c Fq(;)12 b(but,)0 2557 y(if)i(an)g(in)o(terrupt)d(should)i(o)q(ccur)g -(b)q(efore)f(the)h(calculation)e(is)k(complete,)d(the)h(incremen)o(ted)e -Fh(X)20 b Fq(is)14 b(used)f(when)h(the)f(instruction)e(is)0 -2597 y(rep)q(eated.)p eop -%%Page: 147 97 -147 96 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.11.)31 b(BYTE)14 b(MANIPULA)m(TION)1152 -b FJ(147)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 75 v 1643 353 -V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 384 -y Fq(8)p 522 353 V 24 w(9)586 329 y FJ(00)150 246 y Fk(IBP)244 -b(Increment)19 b(Byte)f(P)n(ointer)306 329 y FJ(133)150 480 -y(Incremen)o(t)g(the)g(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(at)f(lo)q(cation)g -FE(E)5 b FJ(,)17 b(setting)h(the)g(b)o(yte)g(alignmen)o(t)d(to)j(zero)g(if)f -(the)h(incremen)o(ting)150 530 y(crosses)e(a)d(w)o(ord)h(b)q(oundary)m(,)f -(as)h(explained)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)150 615 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)26 -b(Giving)16 b(this)i(instruction)g(co)q(de)h(with)e(bits)h(9{12)f(non{zero)h -(pro)q(duces)i(the)e FC(ADJBP)e FJ(instruction)j(de-)150 665 -y(scrib)q(ed)e(at)e(the)i(end)f(of)f(this)g(section.)24 b(In)16 -b(the)g(KI10)g(and)f(KA10,)g(only)g(the)h FC(IBP)f FJ(form)f(is)h(a)o(v)n -(ailable)e(and)j(bits)150 715 y(9{12)d(are)h(ignored)g(\(but)g(should)g(b)q -(e)g(zero\).)p 150 966 1495 4 v 150 891 V 148 964 4 75 v 1643 -964 V 688 964 V 729 964 V 896 964 V 162 996 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 941 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)494 996 y Fq(8)p 522 964 V 24 w(9)591 941 y FE(A)150 858 -y Fk(ILDB)210 b(Increment)19 b(P)n(ointer)h(and)e(Load)h(Byte)306 -940 y FJ(134)150 1092 y(Incremen)o(t)f(the)g(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(at)f -(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)5 b FJ(,)17 b(setting)h(the)g(b)o(yte)g(alignmen)o(t)d -(to)j(zero)g(if)f(the)h(incremen)o(ting)150 1141 y(crosses)e(a)f(w)o(ord)f(b) -q(oundary)m(,)f(as)i(explained)f(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)19 b(Then)c(retriev)o(e)h(a) -e(b)o(yte)h(of)f FE(S)19 b FJ(bits)c(from)e(the)i(lo)q(cation)e(and)150 -1191 y(p)q(osition)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)e(the)g(newly)g(incremen)o(ted)g -(p)q(oin)o(ter,)g(load)f(it)h(in)o(to)f(the)h(righ)o(t)g(end)g(of)g(A)o(C,)f -(and)h(clear)g(the)150 1241 y(remaining)f(A)o(C)h(bits.)20 -b(The)15 b(lo)q(cation)f(con)o(taining)f(the)i(b)o(yte)g(is)g(una\013ected;)h -(the)f(original)d(con)o(ten)o(ts)k(of)e(A)o(C)h(are)150 1291 -y(lost.)p 150 1532 1495 4 v 150 1457 V 148 1530 4 75 v 1643 -1530 V 688 1530 V 729 1530 V 896 1530 V 162 1561 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1507 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)494 1561 y Fq(8)p 522 1530 V 24 w(9)591 1507 y -FE(A)150 1423 y Fk(IDPB)204 b(Increment)19 b(P)n(ointer)h(and)e(Dep)r(osit)h -(Byte)306 1506 y FJ(136)150 1657 y(Incremen)o(t)f(the)g(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o -(ter)g(at)f(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)5 b FJ(,)17 b(setting)h(the)g(b)o(yte)g -(alignmen)o(t)d(to)j(zero)g(if)f(the)h(incremen)o(ting)150 -1707 y(crosses)d(a)e(w)o(ord)h(b)q(oundary)m(,)e(as)i(explained)f(ab)q(o)o(v) -o(e.)k(Then)d(dep)q(osit)g(the)g(righ)o(t)f FE(S)19 b FJ(bits)13 -b(of)g(A)o(C)g(in)o(to)g(the)h(lo)q(cation)150 1757 y(and)19 -b(p)q(osition)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(the)i(newly)e(incremen)o(ted)h(p)q -(oin)o(ter.)33 b(The)19 b(original)e(con)o(ten)o(ts)j(of)e(the)h(bits)g(that) -150 1806 y(receiv)o(e)c(the)g(b)o(yte)f(are)g(lost;)f(A)o(C)h(and)g(the)g -(remaining)e(bits)i(of)f(the)i(dep)q(osit)f(lo)q(cation)f(are)i -(una\013ected.)150 1967 y(Note)g(that,)g(in)g(the)g(pair)g(of)f(instructions) -h(that)g(b)q(oth)g(incremen)o(t)g(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(and)g(pro)q(cess)h(a) -f(b)o(yte,)g(it)g(is)f(the)150 2017 y FE(mo)n(di\014e)n(d)22 -b FJ(p)q(oin)o(ter)c(that)f(determines)h(the)g(b)o(yte)g(lo)q(cation)e(and)h -(p)q(osition.)28 b(Hence,)20 b(to)d(unpac)o(k)g(b)o(ytes)i(from)c(a)150 -2067 y(blo)q(c)o(k)j(of)g(memory)m(,)e(the)j(program)e(should)h(set)h(up)g -(the)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(to)h(p)q(oin)o(t)e(to)i(a)f(b)o(yte)h(just)f -FE(b)n(efor)n(e)j FJ(the)e(\014rst)150 2116 y(desired,)c(and)f(then)h(load)e -(the)i(b)o(ytes)g(with)f(a)g(lo)q(op)g(con)o(taining)f(an)h -FC(ILDB)p FJ(.)19 b(If)14 b(the)h(\014rst)g(b)o(yte)f(is)g(at)h(the)f(left)g -(end)150 2166 y(of)i(a)g(w)o(ord,)g(this)h(is)f(most)f(easily)h(done)h(b)o(y) -f(initializing)d(the)k(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(with)f(a)g FE(P)21 b -FJ(of)16 b(36)f(\(44)1640 2172 y Fs(8)1659 2166 y FJ(\).)25 -b(Incremen)o(ting)150 2216 y(then)14 b(replaces)h(the)f(36)f(with)g(36)8 -b FH(\000)h Fz(S)16 b FJ(to)e(p)q(oin)o(t)f(to)g(the)h(\014rst)g(b)o(yte.)19 -b(F)m(or)13 b(the)h(con)o(v)o(enience)h(of)e(the)h(programmer,)150 -2266 y FD(Ma)o(cr)o(o)g FJ(has)g(a)g(pseudoinstruction)h(for)f(setting)g(up)g -(suc)o(h)g(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter:)k(in)c(assem)o(bly)e(language,)324 -2390 y FB(POINT)21 b Fz(S;)7 b(Y)150 2551 y FJ(is)12 b(replaced)g(b)o(y)g(a)g -(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(that)g(p)q(oin)o(ts)f(to)h(a)f(b)o(yte)i(of)e(size)h -FE(S)18 b FJ(at)11 b(p)q(osition)g(36)h(in)f(lo)q(cation)g -FE(Y)d FJ(.)j(A)o(t)h(an)o(y)f(time)g(that)150 2600 y(the)k(program)f(migh)o -(t)e(insp)q(ect)k(the)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(during)f(execution)i(of)e(a)g(series) -j(of)d FC(ILDB)p FJ(s)h(or)f FC(IDPB)p FJ(s,)g(it)g(p)q(oin)o(ts)h(to)p -eop -%%Page: 148 98 -148 97 bop 0 50 a FJ(148)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(the)g(last)f(b)o(yte)h(pro)q(cessed)h(\(this)f(ma) -o(y)d(not)i(b)q(e)h(true)g(when)g(the)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(is)h(tested)g(from)e -(an)h(in)o(terrupt)h(routine\).)p 0 446 1495 4 v 0 372 V -2 -445 4 75 v 1493 445 V 538 445 V 579 445 V 746 445 V 12 476 -a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 421 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 476 y Fq(8)p 372 445 V 24 w(9)441 -421 y FE(A)0 338 y Fk(ADJBP)157 b(Adjust)18 b(Byte)g(P)n(ointer)787 -323 y Fs(60)156 421 y FJ(133)1515 418 y Fz(A)12 b FH(6)p FJ(=)g(0)0 -572 y(T)m(ak)o(e)h(one)h(of)g(these)h(three)g(courses)h(of)d(action)h(dep)q -(ending)g(on)g(the)g(v)n(alue)f(of)h FE(S)19 b FJ(in)13 b(the)i(p)q(oin)o -(ter)f(at)g(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)5 b FJ(.)104 699 y(If)13 b Fz(S)k -FJ(is)d(0,)f(place)h(an)g(unmo)q(di\014ed)e(cop)o(y)i(of)f(the)i(p)q(oin)o -(ter)f(in)f(A)o(C)h(or)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)o(.)1382 684 y Fs(61)104 -784 y FJ(If)g FE(S)19 b FJ(is)14 b(greater)i(than)e(36)g(min)o(us)e(the)j(b)o -(yte)g(alignmen)o(t)d(giv)o(en)i(b)o(y)g(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter|so)f(not)g(ev)o -(en)h(one)104 834 y(b)o(yte)k(will)e(\014t)i(in)f(a)h(w)o(ord|set)g(T)m(rap)f -(1,)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)h(and)e(No)h(Divide)f(and)g(go)g(on)h(to)f(the)i -(next)104 884 y(instruction)14 b(without)f(a\013ecting)i(the)f(A)o(Cs)g(or)g -(memory)m(.)104 970 y(If)i FE(S)23 b FJ(is)16 b(greater)i(than)f(0)g(but)g -(less)h(than)f(36)f(min)o(us)f(the)j(b)o(yte)f(alignmen)o(t,)e(mak)o(e)h(a)g -(cop)o(y)h(of)g(the)104 1019 y(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(from)e(lo)q(cation)g -Fz(E)k FJ(or)e Fz(E)r(;)7 b(E)13 b FJ(+)f(1)18 b(and)f(\\adjust")g(the)i(cop) -o(y)m(,)e(forw)o(ard)h(or)f(bac)o(kw)o(ard,)h(b)o(y)104 1069 -y(the)13 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(b)o(yte)h(p)q(ositions)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h -(b)o(y)f(A)o(C,)f FE(pr)n(eserving)i(the)g(byte)g(alignment)g(acr)n(oss)g -(wor)n(d)104 1119 y(b)n(oundaries)s FJ(.)23 b(If)15 b(A)o(C)g(con)o(tains)h -(a)f(p)q(ositiv)o(e)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g FE(N)7 b FJ(,)14 b(adjust)i(the)g -(cop)o(y)f(b)o(y)g FE(N)22 b FJ(b)o(ytes)16 b(forw)o(ard;)104 -1169 y(if)h(A)o(C)i(con)o(tains)f(a)g(negativ)o(e)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e({)p -FE(N)7 b FJ(,)18 b(adjust)g(the)h(cop)o(y)g(b)o(y)f FE(N)25 -b FJ(b)o(ytes)19 b(bac)o(kw)o(ard.)32 b(Place)104 1219 y(the)19 -b(revised)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(cop)o(y)f(in)h(A)o(C)f(or)h(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)f(as)h -(appropriate.)32 b(The)20 b(original)c(p)q(oin)o(ter)j(is)104 -1268 y(una\013ected;)c(the)f(original)e(con)o(ten)o(ts)j(of)f(A)o(C)f(or)h(A) -o(C,A)o(C+1)g(are)g(lost.)1217 1253 y Fs(62)0 1395 y FE(Notes)s -FJ(:)31 b(The)21 b(adjustmen)o(t)e(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(pro)q(duces)j(a)e(p)q(oin)o -(ter)g(that)h(sp)q(eci\014es)h(an)e(actual)g(b)o(yte.)37 b(F)m(or)20 -b(example,)0 1445 y(adjusting)c(a)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(with)g(a)f -FE(P)21 b FJ(of)c(36)f(b)o(y)h(zero)h(b)o(ytes)f(results)h(in)f(a)f(p)q(oin)o -(ter)h(that)g(sp)q(eci\014es)i(the)f(righ)o(tmost)0 1495 y(b)o(yte)13 -b(\(of)f(appropriate)h(alignmen)o(t\))e(in)h(the)h(preceding)h(w)o(ord.)j -(When)c(the)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(sp)q(eci\014es)i(a)d(b)o(yte)h(alignmen)o(t)0 -1545 y(of)i(zero,)h(there)g(is)f(no)g(di\013erence)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g -(\\adjusting")d(it)h(b)o(y)g FE(N)22 b FJ(and)15 b(\\incremen)o(ting")e(it)i -FE(N)22 b FJ(times)14 b(\(except)0 1595 y(that)g(the)g(latter)g(actually)f -(mo)q(di\014es)f(the)i(p)q(oin)o(ter\).)19 b(Since)14 b(the)g(result)h(go)q -(es)f(to)f(A)o(C,)g(it)g(is)h(not)g(generally)f(useful)0 1645 -y(to)h(adjust)g(a)f(lo)q(cal)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(that)g(is)g(in)f(a)h -(di\013eren)o(t)h(section)g(from)d(the)i(instruction.)0 1730 -y(Giving)e(this)i(instruction)g(co)q(de)h(with)e(a)h(zero)g -FE(A)g FJ(\014eld)g(or)g(in)f(a)g(KI10)h(or)g(KA10)f(pro)q(duces)j(the)e -FC(IBP)f FJ(instruction)0 1780 y(describ)q(ed)j(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)h(Note)e -(that,)e(if)g Fz(S)i FJ(=)c(0,)j(this)g(instruction)g(is)f(equiv)n(alen)o(t)h -(to)f FC(MO)o(VE)p FJ(.)0 1865 y(The)18 b FC(ADJBP)e FJ(instruction)i -(facilitates)f(selection)h(of)f(individual)f(b)o(ytes)i(at)g(arbitrary)f(p)q -(ositions)h(in)f(an)g(arra)o(y)0 1915 y(whose)k(format)d(di\013ers)k(from)c -(the)j(linear)f(format)f(used)i(b)o(y)f(the)h(incremen)o(ting)f -(instructions,)i(in)e(that)g(the)0 1965 y(adjustmen)o(t)12 -b(preserv)o(es)k(the)e(b)o(yte)g(alignmen)o(t)d(across)j(w)o(ord)f(b)q -(oundaries.)19 b(As)13 b(an)h(example)e(of)g(this)i(format,)d(let)0 -2015 y(us)17 b(again)f(use)i(8{bit)e(b)o(ytes)i(where)g(the)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)f -(sp)q(eci\014es)i(a)d(b)o(yte)i(in)e(the)i(same)e(p)q(osition)g(as)h(b)o(yte) -h(0)e(in)h(our)0 2065 y(linear)c(example)g(at)h(the)g(b)q(eginning)f(of)h -(this)g(section.)k(Suc)o(h)d(an)e(arra)o(y)h(w)o(ould)f(lo)q(ok)g(lik)o(e)g -(this.)p 0 2099 720 2 v 31 2126 a Fr(60)64 2138 y Fq(In)e(the)f(KA10)i(and)f -(KI10,)g(this)g(instruction)d(is)k(not)e(implemen)o(ted)o(;)f(it)i(is)h(p)q -(erformed)c(as)k Fv(IBP)p Fq(.)31 2166 y Fr(61)64 2178 y Fq(As)i(of)f(KL10)g -(micro)q(co)q(de)e(2.1[442],)g(this)i(case)g(results)f(in)h(the)g(pro)q -(cessor)e(setting)h(T)m(rap)h(1,)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w,)h(and)e(No)i(Divide)e -(and)0 2217 y(going)e(on)h(to)g(the)g(next)f(instruction)f(without)h -(a\013ecting)f(the)i(A)o(Cs)i(or)e(memory)m(.)31 2245 y Fr(62)64 -2257 y Fq(The)g(KL10)h(do)q(es)e(not)h(pro)o(vide)e(a)j(correct)d(result)i -(when)g(A)o(C)h(initially)e(con)o(tains)f(40000000000)o(0.)p -eop -%%Page: 149 99 -149 98 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.12.)31 b(STRING)13 b(MANIPULA)m(TION)1108 -b FJ(149)311 211 y FG(.)311 232 y(.)311 252 y(.)261 321 y FE(Y)8 -b FC(-2)261 396 y FE(Y)g FC(-1)261 471 y FE(Y)261 544 y(Y)g -FC(+1)261 619 y FE(Y)g FC(+2)311 667 y FG(.)311 688 y(.)311 -709 y(.)p 386 645 1495 4 v 384 643 4 374 v 509 643 V 841 643 -V 1173 643 V 1505 643 V 1837 643 V 1879 643 V 386 570 1495 -4 v 386 496 V 386 421 V 386 346 V 386 271 V 598 318 a FC(Byte)14 -b({10)186 b(Byte)14 b({9)196 b(Byte)14 b({8)196 b(Byte)14 b({7)609 -392 y(Byte)g({6)196 b(Byte)14 b({6)196 b(Byte)14 b({4)196 b(Byte)14 -b({3)609 467 y(Byte)g({2)196 b(Byte)14 b({1)206 b(Byte)14 b(0)217 -b(Byte)14 b(1)619 542 y(Byte)g(2)217 b(Byte)14 b(3)217 b(Byte)14 -b(4)217 b(Byte)14 b(5)619 616 y(Byte)g(6)217 b(Byte)14 b(7)217 -b(Byte)14 b(8)217 b(Byte)14 b(9)1799 230 y(1)g(bit)1853 295 -y Fn(E)1851 286 y(E)386 230 y FC(3)f(bits)448 295 y Fn(\005)449 -286 y(\005)150 876 y FJ(Here)f(the)f(b)o(ytes)g(are)g(ordered)g(in)f(either)i -(direction)e(from)f(the)i(zero)g(p)q(osition,)f(and)g(the)i(b)o(yte)e -(alignmen)o(t)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)150 926 y(b)o(y)20 b(the)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(is) -g(preserv)o(ed)i(throughout)e(all)f(w)o(ords)h(in)f(the)i(blo)q(c)o(k.)35 -b(Within)19 b(the)i(restriction)f(that)g(the)150 976 y(alignmen)o(t)15 -b(b)q(e)i(preserv)o(ed,)j(as)d(man)o(y)e(b)o(ytes)i(as)g(will)f(\014t)h(are)g -(pac)o(k)o(ed)h(in)e(all)g(w)o(ords.)27 b(\(Except,)19 b(the)e(\014rst)h(and) -150 1025 y(last)d(w)o(ords)h(of)f(the)i(blo)q(c)o(k)e(need)h(not)g(b)q(e)g -(\014lled.\))23 b(F)m(or)15 b(example,)g(with)g(10{bit)g(b)o(ytes)h(there)h -(are)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(three)150 1075 y(p)q(er)j(in)o(terior)f(w)o(ord)f(in)h -(the)g(linear)g(format,)e(but)i(in)g(the)g(arra)o(y)g(format)e(with)i(an)f -(alignmen)o(t)f(of)h(8,)h(there)i(are)150 1125 y(only)14 b(t)o(w)o(o,)g(o)q -(ccup)o(ying)h(bits)g(8{17)e(and)i(18{27.)k(Sp)q(eci\014cation)d(of)e(an)g -(arbitrary)h(b)o(yte)g(an)o(ywhere)h(in)e(the)h(arra)o(y)150 -1175 y(is)h(accomplished)f(b)o(y)h(using)g(an)g FC(ADJBP)p -FJ(.)e(The)i(micro)q(co)q(de)g(mak)o(es)f(the)i(adjustmen)o(t)e(b)o(y)h(c)o -(hanging)f FE(Y)24 b FJ(to)16 b(the)150 1225 y(lo)q(cation)d(con)o(taining)g -(the)h(b)o(yte)h(and)e(then)i(setting)f(up)g(a)g(new)g FE(P)k -FJ(for)c(the)g(sp)q(eci\014c)i(b)o(yte.)150 1310 y(Supp)q(ose)g(b)o(ytes)f -(are)h(pac)o(k)o(ed)f(\014v)o(e)g(to)f(a)h(w)o(ord,)f(a)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(at) -g(lo)q(cation)f(E)h(no)o(w)f(p)q(oin)o(ts)h(to)f(the)i(third)f(b)o(yte)g(in)f -(a)150 1360 y(giv)o(en)g(lo)q(cation,)g(and)h(one)g(wishes)g(to)g(retriev)o -(e)h(the)g(thirt)o(y{\014rst)f(\(the)g(fourth)g(b)o(yte)g(from)e(the)j(sixth) -f(lo)q(cation\))150 1410 y(b)q(ey)o(ond)f(that.)k(This)c(routine)g(loads)f -(the)i(desired)g(b)o(yte)f(in)o(to)f(A)o(C.)324 1534 y FB(MOVEI)65 -b(AC,37)108 b(;Adjust)20 b(by)h FJ(31)998 1540 y Fs(10)324 -1584 y FB(ADJBP)65 b(AC,E)130 b(;Form)20 b(the)i(adjusted)e(pointer)g(in)h -(AC)324 1634 y(LDB)109 b(AC,AC)f(;now,)20 b(get)i(the)f(byte)g(itself)150 -1882 y FA(2.12)70 b(String)23 b(Manipulation)953 1848 y Fs(63)150 -2008 y FJ(This)d(section)g(and)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(sections)h(that)f(follo)o(w)e -(treat)i(the)h(instructions)f(that)g(handle)g(strings.)37 b(All)19 -b(string)150 2058 y(instructions)i(are)f(in)f(the)i(extended)g(instruction)f -(set,)i(and)d(all)g(therefore)i(ha)o(v)o(e)f(a)f(t)o(w)o(o{w)o(ord)g(format,) -g(the)150 2108 y(\014rst)e(w)o(ord)g(b)q(eing)g FC(EXTEND)p -FJ(.)f(The)h(second)h(instruction)f(w)o(ord,)f(whose)i(o)o(wn)e(e\013ectiv)o -(e{address)j(is)e FE(E1)6 b FJ(,)17 b(is)f(at)150 2158 y(lo)q(cation)f -FE(E0)6 b FJ(,)16 b(whic)o(h)g(is)g(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)i(of)c(the)i -FC(EXTEND)p FJ(.)e(An)i(instruction)f(that)g(\\o\013sets")h(uses)h -FE(E1)150 2208 y FJ(as)13 b(a)g(signed)h(o\013set,)g(in)f(whic)o(h)g(bit)g -(18)g(is)g(the)h(sign.)j(An)d(instruction)f(that)h(\\translates")f(or)h -(\\edits")f(mak)o(es)f(use)150 2257 y(of)h(a)h(translation)f(table)h(that)g -(b)q(egins)g(at)g FE(E1)6 b FJ(.)150 2343 y(A)17 b(string)g(is)f(a)h -(sequence)i(of)d(b)o(ytes)h(as)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f(successiv)o(e)i -(states)f(of)e(a)g(standard)h(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(of)f(the)150 -2393 y(t)o(yp)q(e)f(describ)q(ed)h(in)e(the)h(preceding)g(section,)g(the)f -(\014rst)h(page)g(or)f(so)g(of)g(whic)o(h)g(the)h(reader)h(should)e(reread)h -(if)e(he)150 2443 y(do)q(es)g(not)g(remem)o(b)q(er)f(in)g(detail)g(the)i -(format)c(of)i(the)i(p)q(oin)o(ter,)e(the)i(w)o(a)o(y)e(it)g(is)h(incremen)o -(ted,)f(and)h(the)g(w)o(a)o(y)f(b)o(ytes)150 2492 y(are)18 -b(organized)g(in)g(consecutiv)o(e)h(w)o(ords)g(\(sp)q(eci\014cally)f(with)f -(zero)i(b)o(yte)g(alignmen)o(t\).)28 b(The)18 b(program)f(de\014nes)150 -2542 y(a)f(string)h(b)o(y)f(giving)f(its)h(length)h(in)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(of)g(b)o(ytes)h(and)f(an)g(initial)f(v)n(alue)h(for)g(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter.) -26 b(Initially)14 b(the)p 150 2577 720 2 v 181 2604 a Fr(63)214 -2615 y Fq(In)d(the)f(KI10)i(and)e(KA10,)i(these)e(instructions)f(trap)h(as)i -(unassigned)c(co)q(des)j(\()p Fj(x)o Fq(2.16\).)p eop -%%Page: 150 100 -150 99 bop 0 50 a FJ(150)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(m)o(ust)f(p)q(oin)o(t)h(to)g(the)h -(b)o(yte)f(p)q(osition)g(preceding)h(the)f(\014rst)h(b)o(yte)g(in)e(the)i -(string,)f(b)q(ecause)i(ev)o(ery)f(string)0 245 y(instruction)d(acts)h(in)e -(a)g(manner)g(similar)f(to)h(a)h(series)h(of)e FC(ILDB)p FJ(s)h(or)g -FC(IDPB)p FJ(s,)e(or)i(in)f(some)g(cases)i(b)q(oth.)k(Hence,)c(all)0 -295 y(string)h(op)q(erations)f(are)h(from)e(left)h(to)h(righ)o(t)f(b)q -(ecause)i(of)e(the)h(w)o(a)o(y)f(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ters)g(are)g(incremen)o -(ted.)20 b(A)15 b(string)0 345 y(b)o(yte)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(and)f(length)g(ma) -o(y)f(de\014ne)j(a)e(string)h(of)e(b)o(ytes)j(or)e(de\014ne)i(a)e(string)h -(space)g(that)g(will)e(receiv)o(e)j(b)o(ytes.)0 394 y(In)i(an)f(instruction)h -(that)g(mo)o(v)o(es)e(a)h(string,)h(the)g(actual)g(string)f(mo)o(v)o(ed)f(is) -i(referred)h(to)f(as)f(the)h(source)h(string,)0 444 y(and)d(the)g(receiving)g -(space)h(is)e(referred)j(to)d(as)h(the)g(destination)g(string,)f(ev)o(en)i -(though)e(initially)e(the)k(latter)f(is)f(a)0 494 y(string)f(of)e(p)q -(ositions)h(rather)i(than)e(b)o(ytes.)18 b(Note)13 b(that)g(source)h(and)e -(destination)g(strings)h(need)g(not)g(b)q(e)g(the)g(same)0 -544 y(length.)k(When)c(the)g(source)g(string)f(is)g(longer,)g(only)g(part)g -(of)g(it)f(will)g(\014t)h(in)g(the)h(destination)f(space.)19 -b(Con)o(v)o(ersely)m(,)0 594 y(when)12 b(the)g(source)h(is)e(shorter,)i(it)e -(can)g(b)q(e)h(inserted)h(in)o(to)d(part)i(of)f(the)h(destination)f(space,)i -(either)f(starting)f(at)g(the)0 643 y(left)j(\(left)f(justi\014ed\))i(or)e -(placed)i(so)e(that)h(its)g(\014nal)f(b)o(yte)i(is)e(in)h(the)g(last)g -(destination)f(p)q(osition)g(\(righ)o(t)h(justi\014ed\).)0 -729 y(Bytes)i(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)i(of)f(an)o(y)g(size)i(from)d(zero)j(bits)e(to)h -(thirt)o(y{six.)20 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)15 b(in)f(a)g(giv)o(en)h(string,)f -(all)g(b)o(ytes)h(are)g(the)0 779 y(same)d(size,)i(as)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o -(y)e(the)g(p)q(oin)o(ter.)18 b(The)c(relationship)e(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)j -(source)f(and)f(destination)g(b)o(yte)h(sizes)g(is)0 829 y(a)h(function)g(of) -g(the)h(w)o(a)o(y)f(the)h(programmer)d(uses)k(his)e(data)g(and)h(the)g -(meaning)d(he)j(assigns)g(to)f(it.)23 b(Dep)q(ending)0 878 -y(on)15 b(circumstances,)g(it)f(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)j(desirable)f(to)g(spread)g -(out)g(a)f(source)j(string)d(in)o(to)g(a)h(destination)g(space)g(whose)0 -928 y(p)q(ositions)e(are)g(larger)g(than)g(the)g(source)h(b)o(ytes)g(\(data)f -(is)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(righ)o(t)h(justi\014ed)g(in)f(a)h(giv)o(en)f(b)o(yte)i -(p)q(osition\);)e(or)0 978 y(source)i(b)o(ytes)g(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)i(truncated)i -(to)d(\014t)h(in)o(to)g(smaller)e(destination)i(p)q(ositions)f(\(the)i -(truncation)f(b)q(eing)g(alw)o(a)o(ys)0 1028 y(from)f(the)j(left\).)0 -1113 y(Most)i(string)h(op)q(erations)f(mak)o(e)f(some)g(use)i(of)f(b)o(ytes)h -(other)f(than)g(those)h(in)f(the)h(strings)g(themselv)o(es.)28 -b(Suc)o(h)0 1163 y(b)o(ytes)18 b(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)i(sp)q(ecial)g(c)o(haracters) -i(found)d(in)h(lo)q(cations)f FE(E0)6 b FJ(+1)17 b(and)g FE(E0)6 -b FJ(+2)17 b(or)g(substitutions)g(supplied)g(b)o(y)0 1213 y(a)f(translation)g -(table.)25 b(A)17 b(b)o(yte)f(from)f(an)o(y)h(lo)q(cation)f(not)i(in)e(a)h -(string)h(de\014ned)g(b)o(y)g(the)f(p)q(oin)o(ters)h(and)g(lengths)0 -1263 y(asso)q(ciated)e(with)f(the)i(instruction)e(is)h(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(from)g -(the)i(righ)o(t)f(end)h(of)f(the)h(w)o(ord)f(or)h(half{w)o(ord)e(con)o -(taining)g(it)0 1313 y(and)h(has)g(the)g(same)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)h(bits)g -(as)g(the)g(b)o(ytes)h(in)e(the)i(string)f(in)f(whic)o(h)h(it)f(will)g(b)q(e) -h(used.)0 1398 y(The)e(\\in)o(terior")f(of)g(a)g(string)h(space)h(is)e(all)g -(of)g(those)h(bits)g(in)f(the)h(w)o(ords)g(con)o(taining)f(the)h(string)g -(that)f(lie)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)0 1448 y(the)j(\014rst)g(b)o(yte)g(in)f(the)h -(\014rst)g(w)o(ord)f(and)g(the)h(last)f(b)o(yte)h(in)f(the)h(last)f(w)o(ord.) -19 b(Since)c(b)o(yte)f(alignmen)o(t)e(is)j(zero,)f(the)0 1498 -y(string)j(is)g(pac)o(k)o(ed)h(solid)e(\(with)h(no)g(un)o(used)i(in)o(terior) -e(bits\))g(if)f(36)h(is)g(an)g(in)o(tegral)g(m)o(ultiple)e(of)h(the)i(b)o -(yte)g(size.)0 1548 y(F)m(or)13 b(sizes)i(that)e(do)g(not)h(pac)o(k)f(solid,) -f(there)j(will)d(b)q(e)i(un)o(used)g(in)o(terior)g(bits)f(except)i(in)e(the)h -(last)f(w)o(ord,)g(and)g(they)0 1597 y(will)h(lie)g(at)h(the)g(righ)o(t)g(of) -f(the)i(b)o(ytes)g(in)e(the)i(w)o(ords.)21 b(In)15 b(a)g(destination)g -(string)g(space)h(of)e(a)h(string)g(instruction,)0 1647 y(if)j(all)f(un)o -(used)i(in)o(terior)f(bits)g(are)h(0s)g(initially)m(,)d(they)j(are)f(guaran)o -(teed)h(to)f(b)q(e)h(0s)g(at)f(the)h(completion)e(of)g(the)0 -1697 y(instruction.)j(If)14 b(suc)o(h)h(bits)f(are)h(not)f(all)f(0s)i -(initially)m(,)c(the)k(subsequen)o(t)h(states)f(of)f(un)o(used)h(in)o(terior) -f(destination)0 1747 y(bits)h(are)h(indeterminate.)22 b(In)16 -b(other)g(w)o(ords,)f(the)h(implemen)o(tation)c(is)j(free)h(to)g(use)g(a)f -(mec)o(hanism)e(other)j(than)0 1797 y(rep)q(eated)i FC(IDPB)e -FJ(instructions)h(to)f(store)i(in)o(to)e(the)h(destination)f(string.)26 -b(\(Source)18 b(strings)f(are)g(una\013ected)h(b)o(y)0 1847 -y(the)c(instructions.\))0 1932 y(Bytes)d(in)f(a)g(string)g(ma)o(y)f(represen) -o(t)j(an)o(ything|digits,)d(letters,)j(or)e(sp)q(ecial)g(c)o(haracters.)19 -b(This)10 b(section)h(discusses)0 1982 y(the)21 b(basic)g(op)q(erations:)31 -b(those)22 b(that)e(compare)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(strings)h(or)g(that)f(mo)o(v)o(e)f -(a)h(string)h(to)f(a)h(new)g(p)q(osition)0 2032 y(with)16 b(optional)f -(o\013setting)i(or)g(translating)f(of)g(its)h(b)o(ytes.)27 -b(The)17 b(next)g(section)g(co)o(v)o(ers)h(sp)q(ecial)e(op)q(erations)h(for)0 -2082 y(con)o(v)o(erting)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(binary)e(and)g(decimal,)f(where) -i(a)f(decimal)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(is)h(a)g(string)h(of)e(b)o(ytes)i(represen) -o(ting)0 2131 y(decimal)10 b(digits.)17 b FH(x)p FJ(2.14)11 -b(considers)i(an)f(instruction)h(that)f(is,)f(e\013ectiv)o(ely)m(,)i(a)e -(whole)h(routine)g(for)g(complex)e(editing)0 2181 y(of)j(a)h(text)g(string.)0 -2267 y(All)k(string)g(instructions)i(skip)e(the)h(next)g(instruction)g(in)f -(the)h(PC)g(sequence)i(if)c(all)h(op)q(erations)g(are)h(carried)0 -2317 y(out)h(as)g(exp)q(ected)i(or)e(a)f(compare)g(condition)h(is)f -(satis\014ed,)j(etc.)37 b(F)m(ailure)19 b(of)h(a)f(compare)g(condition)h(to)f -(b)q(e)0 2366 y(satis\014ed)f(or)g(something)e(b)q(eing)h(amiss)f(\(suc)o(h)i -(as)g(loss)f(of)g(b)o(ytes)h(b)q(ecause)h(the)f(source)h(string)f(will)d(not) -j(\014t)f(in)0 2416 y(the)f(destination)e(space\))i(usually)f(causes)h(the)g -(pro)q(cessor)g(to)f(p)q(erform)f(the)i(next)f(instruction.)22 -b(Note)15 b(that)g(the)0 2466 y(\\next)e(instruction")g(is)f(relativ)o(e)h -(to)g(the)g FC(EXTEND)f FJ(\(or)h(an)g FC(X)o(CT)f FJ(that)g(executes)j -(it\)|in)d(other)h(w)o(ords,)g(relativ)o(e)0 2516 y(to)g(the)h(actual)f -(instruction)h(to)g(whic)o(h)f(PC)g(p)q(oin)o(ts.)18 b(The)c(lo)q(cation)f -(of)f(the)j(second)f(instruction)g(w)o(ord,)f(whic)o(h)g(is)0 -2566 y(actually)g(the)h(op)q(erand)h(of)e(the)i FC(EXTEND)p -FJ(,)e(do)q(es)i(not)e(a\013ect)i(the)g(PC)f(v)n(alue.)p eop -%%Page: 151 101 -151 100 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.12.)31 b(STRING)13 b(MANIPULA)m(TION)1108 -b FJ(151)150 195 y(Ev)o(ery)17 b(string)g(instruction)h(uses)g(a)e(blo)q(c)o -(k)h(of)f(accum)o(ulators)g(whic)o(h)g(con)o(tain)h(one)g(or)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(b) -o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ters.)28 b(A)150 245 y(p)q(oin)o(ter)17 b(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i -(one)g(w)o(ord)g(or)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(\(lo)q(cal)g(or)h(global\),)f(as)g -(explained)h(at)g(the)g(b)q(eginning)f(of)h FH(x)p FJ(2.11.)26 -b(In)16 b(the)150 295 y(illustrations)9 b(of)g(the)i(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(k)f -(format)f(for)i(the)g FC(EXTEND)g FJ(instructions,)h(p)q(oin)o(ters)g(are)f -(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(sho)o(wn)h(as)g(a)f(pair)150 345 y(of)14 b(w)o(ords)h(in)g(A) -o(C+)p FE(N)7 b FJ(,A)o(C+)p FE(N)g FJ(+1)o(,)15 b(where)h(the)f(actual)g(b)o -(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(used)h(ma)o(y)c(b)q(e)k(in)e(the)i(\014rst)f(accum)o -(ulator)150 394 y(or)h(in)g(b)q(oth.)25 b(The)16 b(reader)i(should)e(note)g -(that,)h(when)f(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(is)f(one)g(w)o(ord,)g(the)h(instruction)f -(do)q(es)h(not)f(in)150 444 y(an)o(y)d(w)o(a)o(y)h(a\013ect)g(the)h(con)o -(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)i(second)g(accum)o(ulator)d(in)i(the)g(pair.)1353 -429 y Fs(64)915 562 y FF(CA)n(UTION)254 653 y FJ(F)m(or)f(the)h(instructions) -g(describ)q(ed)h(in)e(this)h(and)f(the)h(next)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(sections,)h(the)h -(format)c(illustrations)254 703 y(sho)o(w)h(v)n(arious)g(parts)g(of)g(the)h -(accum)o(ulators)e(and)h(instruction)h(w)o(ords)f(as)h(b)q(eing)f(zero.)18 -b(These)c(parts)254 753 y(are)j(reserv)o(ed)i(and)e FE(must)h(b)n(e)f(zer)n -(o)s FJ(.)27 b(F)m(ailure)16 b(to)h(comply)e(with)i(this)g(requiremen)o(t)g -(will)e(cause)j(an)254 803 y FC(EXTEND)c FJ(instruction)g(to)f(giv)o(e)h(an)f -(indeterminate)h(result.)254 888 y(Moreo)o(v)o(er,)k(there)g(can)f(b)q(e)g -(no)g(o)o(v)o(erlapping)f(of)g(the)i(v)n(arious)e(quan)o(tities)h(used)g(in)g -(an)o(y)f FC(EXTEND)254 938 y FJ(instruction.)27 b(The)18 b(source)g(and)f -(destination)g(spaces)h(m)o(ust)e(nev)o(er)i(o)o(v)o(erlap;)g(and)f(under)g -(no)g(cir-)254 988 y(cumstances)d(should)g(an)o(y)g(string)g(o)o(v)o(erlap)f -(an)o(ything)g(else)i(used)g(b)o(y)e(the)i(instruction,)f(suc)o(h)h(as)f(the) -254 1038 y(A)o(C)g(blo)q(c)o(k,)g(a)g(translation)f(table,)h(an)g(edit)g -(pattern,)h(sp)q(ecial)g(c)o(haracter)g(lo)q(cations)f(follo)o(wing)e -FE(E0)6 b FJ(,)254 1088 y(or)15 b(ev)o(en)i(the)f(instruction)g(w)o(ords)g -(themselv)o(es;)g(and)f(un)o(used)i(A)o(Cs)f(in)f(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(blo) -q(c)o(k)e(\(suc)o(h)254 1137 y(as)g(that)h(follo)o(wing)d(a)i(one-w)o(ord)g -(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ter\))g(cannot)f(b)q(e)h(used)h(for)e(an)o(y)g(other)h -(purp)q(ose)g(\(suc)o(h)254 1187 y(as)d(an)g(index)g(register\).)19 -b(An)o(y)13 b(suc)o(h)g(o)o(v)o(erlapping)f(will)g(cause)i(the)f(result)h(of) -f(the)g(instruction)h(to)f(b)q(e)254 1237 y(indeterminate.)254 -1323 y(This)i(caution)g(applies)g(not)g(only)f(to)h(the)h(basic)f -(instructions)h(discussed)h(here)f(but)g(also)e(to)h(those)254 -1372 y(of)e(the)i(t)o(w)o(o)e(sections)i(that)f(follo)o(w.)150 -1518 y(There)d(are)g(four)f(string)g(mo)o(v)o(e)e(instructions.)18 -b(One)11 b(righ)o(t{justi\014es)f(the)g(source)i(string)e(in)g(the)g -(destination)g(space,)150 1568 y(without)j(otherwise)h(mo)q(difying)c(it.)17 -b(The)d(others)g(mo)o(v)o(e)d(the)j(source)g(string)f(directly)g(\(i.e.,)f -(left)h(justi\014ed\),)g(with)150 1618 y(the)18 b(b)o(ytes)g(unmo)q -(di\014ed,)e(all)g(o\013set)j(b)o(y)e(a)g(constan)o(t,)h(or)f(translated)h -(where)g(ev)o(ery)g(b)o(yte)g(of)f(a)g(giv)o(en)f(v)n(alue)h(is)150 -1668 y(replaced)i(b)o(y)g(a)f(corresp)q(onding)h(substitution.)32 -b(The)19 b(six)g(string)f(compare)g(instructions)h(do)f(not)h(a\013ect)g(the) -150 1718 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)e(strings;)f(instead,)g(the)g(strings)g(are)g -(compared)f(according)h(to)f(a)g(collating)f(sequence)k(based)e(on)f(the)150 -1767 y(algebraic)f(relationships)g(of)g(their)h(b)o(ytes)h(tak)o(en)e(as)h -(unsigned)g(binary)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.)19 b(All)14 b(of)g(these)i(are)f(t)o -(w)o(o{w)o(ord)150 1817 y(instructions,)f(where)h(the)g(\014rst)f(has)g(the)h -FC(EXTEND)f FJ(co)q(de)g(123)f(and)h(all)f(use)h(a)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(of)f(six)h -(accum)o(ulators.)p 150 2054 1495 4 v 150 1979 V 148 2052 4 -75 v 1643 2052 V 688 2052 V 729 2052 V 896 2052 V 162 2084 -a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2029 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2084 y Fq(8)p 522 2052 V 24 w(9)591 -2029 y FE(A)150 1946 y Fk(MO)n(VSLJ)123 b(Move)19 b(String)g(Left)g -(Justi\014ed)306 2028 y FJ(123)p 276 2203 1495 4 v 276 2128 -V 274 2202 4 75 v 1769 2202 V 814 2202 V 855 2202 V 1021 2202 -V 288 2308 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)824 -2178 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)620 2308 y Fq(8)p 648 2202 V 23 -w(9)712 2178 y FJ(00)-322 b(016)-344 b FE(E0)151 2251 y(E0)6 -b FJ(+1)1791 2178 y(Bits)14 b(9{12)f(=)h(0)1791 2256 y FE(E1)20 -b FJ(is)14 b(not)f(used.)2067 2241 y Fs(65)p 276 2278 1495 -4 v 274 2276 4 75 v 1769 2276 V 1354 2276 4 9 v 1354 2260 V -1354 2243 V 1354 2226 V 1354 2210 V 1532 2253 a FJ(Fill)p 150 -2353 720 2 v 181 2379 a Fr(64)214 2391 y Fq(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)c(in)h(the)g -(KL10,)g(when)f(a)i(one{w)o(ord)d(global)g(b)o(yte)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)e(is)i -(used)f(in)h(a)g(string)f(instruction,)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor)f(con)o(v)o(erts) -150 2431 y(it)k(to)h(an)f(equiv)n(alen)o(t)e(t)o(w)o(o{w)o(ord)h(b)o(yte)h(p) -q(oin)o(ter;)f(the)h(t)o(w)o(o{w)o(ord)g(b)o(yte)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(is)i -(returned)d(in)i(the)g(A)o(C)i(blo)q(c)o(k)d(up)q(on)g(completion)150 -2470 y(of)f(the)h(instruction)o(.)i(F)m(or)d(this)g(reason,)g(the)g(KL10)g -(fails)g(to)h(honor)e(one{w)o(ord)g(global)g(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ters)f(when) -h(they)g(app)q(ear)f(in)i(string)150 2509 y(instructions)e(executed)g(in)i -(section)f(zero.)185 2549 y(Other)h(pro)q(cessors)e(ma)o(y)i(deal)f(with)i -(the)f(one{w)o(ord)e(global)h(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)e(without)i(con)o(v)o -(ersion.)181 2577 y Fr(65)214 2589 y Fh(I)5 b Fq(,)11 b Fh(X)5 -b Fq(,)12 b(and)f Fh(Y)19 b Fq(are)10 b(reserv)o(ed)g(and)g(should)g(b)q(e)h -(zero.)p eop -%%Page: 152 102 -152 101 bop 0 50 a FJ(152)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(Mo)o(v)o(e)g(the)g(source)h(string)f -(left{justi\014ed)g(in)o(to)f(the)i(destination)e(string)h(space.)0 -281 y(Source)h(and)f(destination)f(are)i(de\014ned)g(b)o(y)e(the)i(con)o(ten) -o(ts)g(of)e(a)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(of)g(six)h(accum)o(ulators.)0 -422 y FC(A)o(C)0 495 y(A)o(C+1)0 570 y(A)o(C+2)0 644 y(A)o(C+3)0 -719 y(A)o(C+4)0 794 y(A)o(C+5)p 125 372 1495 4 v 125 447 V -125 521 84 4 v 1536 521 V 125 596 1495 4 v 125 671 V 125 745 -84 4 v 1536 745 V 125 820 1495 4 v 123 818 4 449 v 1617 818 -V 280 421 a(000)1647 422 y(Bits)f(0{8)g(=)h(0)p 496 445 4 75 -v 875 418 a(Source)h(String)f(Length)p 496 669 V 280 645 a(000)834 -642 y(Destination)g(String)h(Length)1647 646 y(Bits)e(0{8)g(=)h(0)468 -851 y FI(8)24 b(9)1025 b(35)638 530 y FC(Source)15 b(String)f(Byte)g(P)o -(ointer)597 754 y(Destination)h(String)f(Byte)g(P)o(ointer)136 -851 y FI(0)0 995 y FJ(Beginning)k(at)g(the)h(left,)f(cop)o(y)h(as)f(man)o(y)e -(b)o(ytes)j(from)e(the)h(source)i(string)e(as)h(will)d(\014t)j(in)o(to)e(the) -i(destination)0 1045 y(string)13 b(space.)19 b(If)12 b(an)o(y)h(source)h(b)o -(ytes)g(are)f(left)g(o)o(v)o(er)g(\(i.e.,)e(if)h(the)i(source)g(string)f(is)g -(longer)g(than)g(the)g(destination)0 1095 y(string\),)h(go)g(to)h(the)g(next) -g(instruction.)20 b(Otherwise,)c(place)e(the)h(\014ll)f(c)o(haracter)i(from)c -FE(E0)6 b FJ(+1)15 b(in)f(the)h(remaining)0 1145 y(destination)f(b)o(yte)g(p) -q(ositions)g(\(if)f(an)o(y\))g(and)h(skip)g(the)g(next)h(instruction.)0 -1230 y(A)o(t)21 b(the)g(end,)i(the)e(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ters)h(p)q(oin)o(t)e -(to)h(the)g(last)g(p)q(ositions)f(referenced)k(in)c(source)i(and)f -(destination,)0 1280 y(A)o(C+3)15 b(con)o(tains)h(zero,)g(and)g(A)o(C)f(bits) -g(9{35)g(con)o(tain)g(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(source)i(b)o(ytes)f(not)f -(copied)h(\(if)f(an)o(y\).)22 b(If)0 1330 y(un)o(used)15 b(in)o(terior)f -(bits)h(in)e(b)q(oth)i(strings)g(are)f(clear)h(initially)m(,)c(they)k(are)g -(left)f(clear;)g(otherwise,)h(un)o(used)g(in)o(terior)0 1380 -y(destination)f(bits)g(are)g(indeterminate.)j(The)e(source)g(string)f(is)g -(una\013ected.)p 0 1616 1495 4 v 0 1541 V -2 1615 4 75 v 1493 -1615 V 538 1615 V 579 1615 V 746 1615 V 12 1646 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1591 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)344 1646 y Fq(8)p 372 1615 V 24 w(9)441 1591 y -FE(A)0 1508 y Fk(MO)n(VSO)138 b(Move)19 b(String)g(O\013set)156 -1591 y FJ(123)p 126 1766 1495 4 v 126 1691 V 124 1764 4 75 -v 1619 1764 V 664 1764 V 705 1764 V 871 1764 V 138 1870 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)674 1741 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)470 1870 y Fq(8)p 498 1764 V 23 w(9)562 1740 y -FJ(00)-322 b(014)1 1741 y FE(E0)1 1814 y(E0)6 b FJ(+1)1641 -1741 y(Bits)14 b(9{12)f(=)h(0)p 126 1840 1495 4 v 124 1839 -4 75 v 1619 1839 V 1204 1839 4 9 v 1204 1822 V 1204 1805 V -1204 1789 V 1204 1772 V 1382 1816 a(Fill)0 1974 y(Mo)o(v)o(e)g(the)h(source)g -(string,)f(with)g(eac)o(h)h(b)o(yte)f(o\013set)i(b)o(y)d FE(E1)6 -b FJ(,)14 b(left)g(justi\014ed)h(in)o(to)e(the)i(destination)f(string)g -(space.)0 2024 y(Source)h(and)f(destination)f(are)i(de\014ned)g(b)o(y)e(the)i -(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(a)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(of)g(six)h(accum)o(ulators.)p -eop -%%Page: 153 103 -153 102 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.12.)31 b(STRING)13 b(MANIPULA)m(TION)1108 -b FJ(153)150 247 y FC(A)o(C)150 320 y(A)o(C+1)150 395 y(A)o(C+2)150 -469 y(A)o(C+3)150 544 y(A)o(C+4)150 619 y(A)o(C+5)p 275 197 -1495 4 v 275 271 V 275 346 84 4 v 1686 346 V 275 421 1495 4 -v 275 496 V 275 570 84 4 v 1686 570 V 275 645 1495 4 v 273 -643 4 449 v 1767 643 V 430 246 a(000)1797 247 y(Bits)13 b(0{8)g(=)h(0)p -646 270 4 75 v 1025 243 a(Source)h(String)f(Length)p 646 494 -V 430 470 a(000)984 467 y(Destination)g(String)h(Length)1797 -471 y(Bits)e(0{8)g(=)h(0)618 676 y FI(8)24 b(9)1025 b(35)788 -355 y FC(Source)15 b(String)f(Byte)g(P)o(ointer)747 579 y(Destination)h -(String)f(Byte)g(P)o(ointer)286 676 y FI(0)150 820 y FJ(Beginning)e(at)h(the) -g(left,)f(read)h(eac)o(h)g(b)o(yte)g(from)e(the)i(source)h(string,)e(add)h -FE(E1)18 b FJ(to)13 b(it)f(algebraically)e(\(bit)j(18)f(is)g(the)150 -870 y(sign\),)e(and)h(place)f(the)h(o\013set)h(b)o(yte)e(in)g(the)i(corresp)q -(onding)f(p)q(osition)f(in)g(the)h(destination)f(string)g(space,)i(pro)o -(vided)150 920 y(it)g(is)g(not)g(larger)g(than)g(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o -(yte)e(size)h(\(i.e.,)e(there)j(are)e(no)g(1s)g(outside)h(the)f(area)g(con)o -(taining)f(the)i(o\013set)150 970 y(b)o(yte)g(in)g(the)h(register)g(holding)e -(it\).)18 b(Con)o(tin)o(ue)12 b(in)h(this)g(fashion)g(for)f(eac)o(h)i(source) -g(b)o(yte)g(un)o(til)e(an)h(o)o(v)o(ersize)h(o\013set)150 1020 -y(b)o(yte)f(is)f(encoun)o(tered)i(or)e(un)o(til)g(either)h(the)f(source)i -(string)e(or)h(the)f(destination)g(space)i(is)e(exhausted,)h(whic)o(hev)o(er) -150 1069 y(o)q(ccurs)h(\014rst.)19 b(Then,)13 b(if)f(there)j(are)e(an)o(y)g -(source)h(b)o(ytes)g(not)e(mo)o(v)o(ed)g(\(b)q(ecause)j(an)d(o\013set)i(b)o -(yte)g(is)f(o)o(v)o(ersize)g(or)g(the)150 1119 y(source)i(string)e(is)g(to)q -(o)h(long\),)e(go)h(to)g(the)h(next)g(instruction.)k(Otherwise,)c(place)g -(the)g(\014ll)f(c)o(haracter)h(from)e FE(E0)6 b FJ(+1)150 1169 -y(in)13 b(the)i(remaining)d(destination)h(b)o(yte)i(p)q(ositions)e(\(if)g(an) -o(y\))h(and)g(skip)f(the)i(next)f(instruction.)150 1255 y(A)o(t)g(the)g(end,) -g(the)g(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ters)g(p)q(oin)o(t)f(to)h(the)g(last)g(p)q -(ositions)f(referenced)j(in)d(source)i(and)f(destination,)1842 -1239 y Fs(66)1890 1255 y FJ(A)o(C)150 1304 y(bits)h(9{35)f(con)o(tain)g(the)h -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(source)i(b)o(ytes)f(not)g(mo)o(v)o(ed)e(\(if)i(an)o -(y\),)f(and)h(A)o(C+3)f(bits)h(9{35)f(con)o(tain)g(the)150 -1354 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)h(destination)g(b)o(yte)h(p)q(ositions)e(not)i -(used)g(\(if)e(an)o(y\).)25 b(If)16 b(un)o(used)h(in)o(terior)f(bits)g(in)g -(b)q(oth)g(strings)h(are)150 1404 y(clear)d(initially)m(,)c(they)j(are)h -(left)f(clear;)g(otherwise,)h(un)o(used)g(in)o(terior)f(destination)g(bits)h -(are)f(indeterminate.)18 b(The)150 1454 y(source)d(string)f(is)g -(una\013ected.)150 1539 y FE(Note)s FJ(:)27 b FC(MO)o(VSO)17 -b FJ(with)g(a)h(zero)h(o\013set)g(is)f(similar)e(to)i FC(MO)o(VSLJ)p -FJ(,)f(but)h(the)h(latter)f(is)g(preferred)i(in)e(applicable)150 -1589 y(situations)c(b)q(ecause)h(it)f(is)f(faster.)150 1675 -y(O\013set)i(can)f(b)q(e)h(used)g(to)e(c)o(hange)i(a)e(string)h(of)f -(capitals)h(to)g(lo)o(w)o(er)f(case)i(b)o(y)f(adding)f(40)g(o)q(ctal)h(to)f -(ev)o(ery)i(b)o(yte.)p 150 1911 1495 4 v 150 1836 V 148 1910 -4 75 v 1643 1910 V 688 1910 V 729 1910 V 896 1910 V 162 1941 -a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1886 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1941 y Fq(8)p 522 1910 V 24 w(9)591 -1886 y FE(A)150 1803 y Fk(MO)n(VST)141 b(Move)19 b(String)g(T)-5 -b(ranslated)306 1886 y FJ(123)p 276 2061 1495 4 v 276 1986 -V 274 2059 4 75 v 1769 2059 V 814 2059 V 855 2059 V 1021 2059 -V 288 2165 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)824 -2036 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)620 2165 y Fq(8)p 648 2059 V 23 -w(9)712 2035 y FJ(00)-322 b(015)151 2036 y FE(E0)151 2109 y(E0)6 -b FJ(+1)1791 2036 y(Bits)14 b(9{12)f(=)h(0)p 276 2135 1495 -4 v 274 2134 4 75 v 1769 2134 V 1354 2134 4 9 v 1354 2117 V -1354 2100 V 1354 2084 V 1354 2067 V 1532 2111 a(Fill)150 2269 -y(Mo)o(v)o(e)i(the)g(signi\014can)o(t)g(part)g(of)g(the)g(source)i(string,)e -(with)f(its)h(b)o(ytes)h(replaced)g(b)o(y)f(b)o(ytes)h(from)d(a)i -(translation)150 2319 y(table)g(at)f FE(E1)6 b FJ(,)16 b(left)g(justi\014ed)g -(in)o(to)f(the)h(destination)g(string)g(space.)25 b(Source)17 -b(and)e(destination)h(are)g(de\014ned)h(b)o(y)150 2369 y(the)f(con)o(ten)o -(ts)f(of)g(a)f(blo)q(c)o(k)h(of)f(six)h(accum)o(ulators.)20 -b FE(S)g FJ(is)15 b(the)g(signi\014cance)h(bit:)j(setting)d(it)e(signals)h -(the)g(start)h(of)150 2418 y(that)h(part)g(of)f(the)h(source)h(string)f(that) -g(has)g(signi\014cance,)h(and)e(b)o(ytes)i(read)f(while)f(it)h(is)f(on)h(are) -g(regarded)h(as)150 2468 y(signi\014can)o(t.)p 150 2503 720 -2 v 181 2530 a Fr(66)214 2541 y Fq(If)8 b(the)h(instruction)d(terminates)g(b) -q(ecause)h(of)i(a)g(condition)d(relating)h(to)h(source)g(data)g(\(e.g.,)g(an) -h(o)o(v)o(ersize)e(o\013set)h(b)o(yte)f(in)i Fv(MO)o(VSO)p -Fq(,)150 2581 y(a)h(termination)d(b)o(yte)i(in)h Fv(MO)o(VST)p -Fq(\))f(then)g(the)g(source)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(addresses)h(the)g(source)g(b)o -(yte)g(that)g(caused)f(the)i(termination)d(and)i(the)150 2620 -y(destination)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(addresses)h(the)g(last)h(b)o(yte)g(actually)e -(stored)h(in)h(the)g(destination)d(\014eld.)p eop -%%Page: 154 104 -154 103 bop 0 50 a FJ(154)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 247 y FC(A)o(C)0 320 y(A)o(C+1)0 395 y(A)o(C+2)0 -469 y(A)o(C+3)0 544 y(A)o(C+4)0 619 y(A)o(C+5)p 125 197 1495 -4 v 125 271 V 125 346 84 4 v 1536 346 V 125 421 1495 4 v 125 -496 V 125 570 84 4 v 1536 570 V 125 645 1495 4 v 123 643 4 -449 v 1617 643 V 353 246 a(00)1647 247 y(Bits)f(3{8)g(=)h(0)p -496 270 4 75 v 875 243 a(Source)h(String)f(Length)p 496 494 -V 280 470 a(000)834 467 y(Destination)g(String)h(Length)1647 -471 y(Bits)e(0{8)g(=)h(0)468 676 y FI(8)24 b(9)1025 b(35)p -164 270 V 129 247 a FE(S)p 206 270 V 15 w(N)p 247 270 V 8 w(M)177 -676 y FI(1)23 b(2)f(3)638 355 y FC(Source)15 b(String)f(Byte)g(P)o(ointer)597 -579 y(Destination)h(String)f(Byte)g(P)o(ointer)136 676 y FI(0)0 -820 y FJ(Beginning)f(at)h(the)g(left,)g(read)g(eac)o(h)g(b)o(yte)g(from)e -(the)j(source)g(string)f(and)f(carry)i(out)e(the)i(corresp)q(onding)g(trans-) -0 870 y(lation)c(function)i(giv)o(en)f(in)g(the)h(appropriate)g(half|w)o(ord) -e(at)h(lo)q(cation)g Fz(E)r FE(1)h FJ(+)7 b FH(b)p Fz(B)r(=)p -FJ(2)p FH(c)13 b FJ(in)f(the)i(translation)e(table,)0 920 y(where)j -FE(B)j FJ(is)c(the)h(v)n(alue)e(of)g(the)i(source)g(b)o(yte.)724 -905 y Fs(67)777 920 y FJ(Eac)o(h)g(w)o(ord)e(in)h(the)g(table)g(has)g(this)g -(format:)p 0 1136 1495 4 v -2 1134 4 100 v 0 1036 1495 4 v -1493 1134 4 100 v 123 1146 4 13 v 247 1146 V 372 1146 V 496 -1146 V 621 1146 V 746 1155 4 21 v 870 1146 4 13 v 995 1146 -V 1119 1146 V 1244 1146 V 1368 1146 V 96 1164 a Fs(2)p 123 -1134 4 100 v -101 w(0)p -2 1134 V 37 1074 a FI(Op)19 1120 y(Co)q(de)834 -1164 y Fs(20)p 870 1134 V -117 w(18)p 746 1134 V 784 1074 a -FI(Op)766 1120 y(Co)q(de)177 1096 y(0)710 1164 y Fs(17)p 746 -1134 V -482 w(6)p 247 1134 V 336 1069 a FI(Substitute)h(for)e(Byte)335 -1116 y(\(Maxim)o(um)i(12)e(bits\))924 1096 y(0)1457 1164 y -Fs(35)p 1493 1134 V -491 w(24)p 995 1134 V 1083 1069 a FI(Substitute)i(for)e -(Byte)1083 1116 y(\(Maxim)o(um)h(12)f(bits\))100 1014 y(T)m(ranslation)i(F)m -(unction)g(for)d(Ev)o(en)i Fd(B)206 b FI(T)m(ranslation)15 -b(F)m(unction)g(for)d(Odd)i Fd(B)1533 1093 y FI(Lo)q(cation)g -Fd(E1)5 b FI(+)p Fc(b)p Fb(B)r(=)p FI(2)p Fc(c)0 1261 y FJ(P)o(erform)12 -b(the)i(function)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(op)f(co)q(de)h(in)e(the)i -(half{w)o(ord)e(corresp)q(onding)i(to)f(the)g(source)i(b)o(yte,)e(as)0 -1311 y(follo)o(ws.)0 1379 y(0)81 b(If)13 b FE(S)19 b FJ(is)14 -b(1,)f(tak)o(e)h(the)h(substitute)g(in)e(place)h(of)g(the)g(source)h(b)o -(yte.)0 1464 y(1)81 b(T)m(erminate)12 b(translation.)0 1550 -y(2)81 b(If)13 b FE(S)19 b FJ(is)14 b(1,)f(tak)o(e)h(the)h(substitute)g(in)e -(place)h(of)g(the)g(source)h(b)o(yte.)k(\(Also)13 b(clear)i -FE(M)7 b FJ(.\))0 1635 y(3)81 b(If)13 b FE(S)19 b FJ(is)14 -b(1,)f(tak)o(e)h(the)h(substitute)g(in)e(place)h(of)g(the)g(source)h(b)o -(yte.)k(\(Also)13 b(set)i FE(M)7 b FJ(.\))0 1721 y(4)81 b(Set)14 -b FE(S)19 b FJ(and)14 b(tak)o(e)g(the)g(substitute)i(in)d(place)h(of)f(the)i -(source)g(b)o(yte.)k(\(Also)13 b(set)i FE(N)7 b FJ(.\))0 1806 -y(5)81 b(T)m(erminate)12 b(translation.)18 b(\(Also)13 b(set)i -FE(N)7 b FJ(.\))0 1892 y(6)81 b(Set)14 b FE(S)19 b FJ(and)14 -b(tak)o(e)g(the)g(substitute)i(in)d(place)h(of)f(the)i(source)g(b)o(yte.)k -(\(Also)13 b(set)i FE(N)21 b FJ(and)13 b(clear)i FE(M)7 b FJ(.\))0 -1977 y(7)81 b(Set)14 b FE(S)19 b FJ(and)14 b(tak)o(e)g(the)g(substitute)i(in) -d(place)h(of)f(the)i(source)g(b)o(yte.)k(\(Also)13 b(set)i -FE(N)21 b FJ(and)13 b FE(M)7 b FJ(.\))0 2081 y(Then)14 b(tak)o(e)g(one)g(of)g -(these)h(three)g(courses)h(of)d(action:)104 2208 y(If)i(the)h(function)f(mak) -o(es)f(no)h(substitution)h(and)f(do)q(es)h(not)f(terminate,)g(read)g(the)h -(next)g(b)o(yte)g(from)104 2258 y(the)e(source)h(string)f(and)g(con)o(tin)o -(ue)g(as)g(describ)q(ed)i(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)104 2343 y(If)f(the)h(function)f -(mak)o(es)f(a)h(substitution,)h(place)f(the)h(substituted)h(b)o(yte)f(in)f -(the)h(next)g(p)q(osition)f(in)104 2393 y(the)g(destination)f(string)g -(space,)h(read)g(the)g(next)g(b)o(yte)f(from)f(the)i(source)g(string,)f(and)h -(con)o(tin)o(ue)f(as)104 2443 y(describ)q(ed)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)104 -2528 y(If)e(the)i(function)e(terminates)h(the)g(translation,)f(go)h(on)f(to)h -(the)g(next)h(instruction.)p 0 2563 720 2 v 31 2590 a Fr(67)64 -2602 y Fq(The)c(notation)e Fj(b)p Fi(x)p Fj(c)i Fq(signi\014es)f(the)h -(largest)f(in)o(teger)f(con)o(tained)g(within)i Fi(x)p Fq(.)p -eop -%%Page: 155 105 -155 104 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.12.)31 b(STRING)13 b(MANIPULA)m(TION)1108 -b FJ(155)150 195 y(Unless)17 b(the)f(translation)f(is)h(terminated)f(b)o(y)g -(a)h(translation)f(function,)g(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(the)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)e(pro)q -(cedure)j(un)o(til)150 245 y(either)c(all)f(source)h(b)o(ytes)h(are)f(pro)q -(cessed)h(or)f(the)g(destination)f(string)h(is)f(\014lled,)g(whic)o(hev)o(er) -h(o)q(ccurs)h(\014rst.)k(Then,)150 295 y(if)13 b(an)o(y)g(source)i(b)o(ytes)g -(are)f(left)f(o)o(v)o(er,)g(go)h(to)f(the)h(next)h(instruction.)j(Otherwise,) -d(place)f(the)g(\014ll)f(c)o(haracter)i(from)150 345 y FE(E0)6 -b FJ(+1)14 b(in)f(the)i(remaining)d(destination)h(b)o(yte)i(p)q(ositions)e -(\(if)g(an)o(y\))h(and)g(skip)f(the)i(next)f(instruction.)150 -430 y(A)o(t)g(the)g(end,)g(the)g(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ters)g(p)q(oin)o(t)f(to) -h(the)g(last)g(p)q(ositions)f(referenced)j(in)d(source)i(and)f(destination,) -1842 415 y Fs(66)1890 430 y FJ(A)o(C)150 480 y(bits)k(9{35)f(con)o(tain)g -(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g(unpro)q(cessed)j(b)o(ytes)f(in)e(the)i(source)g -(string)f(\(if)f(an)o(y\),)h(and)g(A)o(C+3)g(bits)150 530 y(9{35)c(con)o -(tain)h(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)d(of)h(destination)g(b)o(yte)h(p)q(ositions)f -(not)h(used)g(\(if)f(an)o(y\).)22 b(If)15 b(un)o(used)i(in)o(terior)e(bits)g -(in)150 580 y(b)q(oth)j(strings)g(are)g(clear)g(initially)m(,)e(they)i(are)g -(left)f(clear;)j(otherwise,)f(un)o(used)g(in)o(terior)e(destination)h(bits)g -(are)150 629 y(indeterminate.)f(The)e(source)g(string)f(is)g(una\013ected.) -150 715 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)22 b(The)16 b(translation)f(table)g(starts)i(at)e -(lo)q(cation)g FE(E1)22 b FJ(and,)15 b(since)i(there)g(are)f(t)o(w)o(o)f -(functions)g(p)q(er)i(w)o(ord,)e(it)150 765 y(con)o(tains)d(2)332 -750 y Fw(n)p Fp(\000)p Fs(1)408 765 y FJ(lo)q(cations,)g(where)h -Fz(n)e FJ(is)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(bits)f(in)h(a)f(b)o(yte.)18 -b(The)12 b(address)h(is)f(generated)h(b)o(y)f(adding)150 815 -y(the)i(left)g Fz(n)9 b FH(\000)h FJ(1)j(bits)h(of)g(a)f(b)o(yte)h(to)g -FE(E1)6 b FJ(.)150 900 y(Of)16 b(the)h(three)h(\015ags)f(in)f(A)o(C)g(bits)g -(0{2,)g(only)g FE(S)22 b FJ(is)16 b(relev)n(an)o(t)h(to)f(this)g -(instruction;)i(the)f(translation)f(functions)150 950 y(also)h(manipulate)f -FE(M)25 b FJ(and)17 b FE(N)7 b FJ(,)17 b(but)h(their)g(states)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f -(no)f(e\013ect)j(on)d(the)i(result.)30 b FE(S)23 b FJ(b)q(eing)18 -b(set)g(means)f(the)150 1000 y(translation)11 b(has)i(started.)18 -b(The)13 b(programmer)c(can)k(mak)o(e)d(the)j(translation)e(start)i(at)f(the) -g(b)q(eginning)g(of)f(a)h(string)150 1050 y(b)o(y)17 b(ha)o(ving)e -FE(S)23 b FJ(already)16 b(set)i(when)f(the)h(instruction)f(is)g(giv)o(en)f -(or)h(he)h(can)f(skip)f(an)o(y)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(initial)f(b)o(ytes) -150 1099 y(in)i(the)i(source)g(string)f(and)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(the)g(translation) -f(started)i(b)o(y)f(the)g(\014rst)h(o)q(ccurrence)h(of)d(some)g(b)o(yte)h -(whose)150 1149 y(asso)q(ciated)c(function)f(sets)h FE(S)5 -b FJ(.)13 b(Hence,)h(b)o(y)f(use)h(of)f FE(S)18 b FJ(and)13 -b(terminating)e(functions,)i(the)h(programmer)d(can)i(ha)o(v)o(e)150 -1199 y(an)h FC(MO)o(VST)f FJ(translate)i(an)o(y)e(con)o(tiguous)h(subset)h -(of)e(the)i(source)g(string.)150 1285 y(T)m(ext)10 b(in)h(upp)q(er)g(case)g -(and)g(lo)o(w)o(er)f(case)h(can)g(b)q(e)g(con)o(v)o(erted)h(to)e(all)g(upp)q -(er)h(case)h(b)o(y)e(an)g FC(MO)o(VST)g FJ(with)g(a)h(translation)150 -1334 y(table)j(that)g(substitutes)h(capitals)f(for)f(b)q(oth.)p -150 1571 1495 4 v 150 1496 V 148 1569 4 75 v 1643 1569 V 688 -1569 V 729 1569 V 896 1569 V 162 1601 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1546 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1601 -y Fq(8)p 522 1569 V 24 w(9)591 1546 y FE(A)150 1463 y Fk(MO)n(VSRJ)117 -b(Move)19 b(String)g(Right)h(Justi\014ed)306 1545 y FJ(123)p -276 1720 1495 4 v 276 1645 V 274 1719 4 75 v 1769 1719 V 814 -1719 V 855 1719 V 1021 1719 V 288 1825 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)824 1695 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)620 1825 -y Fq(8)p 648 1719 V 23 w(9)712 1695 y FJ(00)-322 b(017)-344 -b FE(E0)151 1768 y(E0)6 b FJ(+1)1791 1695 y(Bits)14 b(9{12)f(=)h(0)1791 -1773 y FE(E1)20 b FJ(is)14 b(not)f(used.)2067 1758 y Fs(65)p -276 1795 1495 4 v 274 1793 4 75 v 1769 1793 V 1354 1793 4 9 -v 1354 1777 V 1354 1760 V 1354 1743 V 1354 1727 V 1532 1770 -a FJ(Fill)150 1929 y(Mo)o(v)o(e)i(the)g(source)h(string)f(righ)o(t)f -(justi\014ed)h(in)o(to)f(the)i(destination)e(string)h(space.)22 -b(Source)15 b(and)g(destination)g(are)150 1978 y(de\014ned)g(b)o(y)f(the)g -(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(a)h(blo)q(c)o(k)g(of)f(six)g(accum)o(ulators.)150 -2120 y FC(A)o(C)150 2193 y(A)o(C+1)150 2267 y(A)o(C+2)150 2342 -y(A)o(C+3)150 2417 y(A)o(C+4)150 2492 y(A)o(C+5)p 275 2070 -1495 4 v 275 2144 V 275 2219 84 4 v 1686 2219 V 275 2294 1495 -4 v 275 2368 V 275 2443 84 4 v 1686 2443 V 275 2518 1495 4 -v 273 2516 4 449 v 1767 2516 V 430 2119 a(000)1797 2120 y(Bits)g(0{8)g(=)h(0) -p 646 2143 4 75 v 1025 2116 a(Source)h(String)f(Length)p 646 -2367 V 430 2343 a(000)984 2340 y(Destination)g(String)h(Length)1797 -2344 y(Bits)e(0{8)g(=)h(0)618 2549 y FI(8)24 b(9)1025 b(35)788 -2228 y FC(Source)15 b(String)f(Byte)g(P)o(ointer)747 2452 y(Destination)h -(String)f(Byte)g(P)o(ointer)286 2549 y FI(0)p eop -%%Page: 156 106 -156 105 bop 0 50 a FJ(156)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(Chec)o(k)i(the)h(relation)e(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i -(the)f(source)h(and)f(destination)f(lengths)h(to)g(select)h(one)f(of)f(the)i -(follo)o(wing)c(three)0 245 y(courses)j(of)d(action:)104 372 -y(If)f(the)g(source)i(and)e(destination)f(strings)i(are)g(the)f(same)f -(length,)h(mo)o(v)o(e)f(the)i(source)g(string)f(in)o(to)g(the)104 -422 y(destination)h(space.)104 507 y(If)e(the)g(source)i(string)e(is)g -(shorter,)h(place)g(the)f(\014ll)f(c)o(haracter)j(from)c FE(E0)d -FJ(+1)11 b(in)g(destination)g(b)o(yte)h(p)q(osi-)104 557 y(tions)f(b)q -(eginning)g(at)h(the)g(left)g(un)o(til)f(there)i(are)f(just)g(enough)g -(places)g(remaining)e(in)h(the)h(destination)104 607 y(space)i(to)f(accept)h -(the)g(source)h(string.)j(Mo)o(v)o(e)13 b(the)g(source)i(string)e(in)o(to)f -(the)i(remaining)d(destination)104 657 y(p)q(ositions)i(at)h(the)h(righ)o(t.) -104 742 y(If)f(the)g(source)i(string)e(is)g(longer,)g(skip)g(o)o(v)o(er)g -(enough)g(source)i(b)o(ytes)e(at)g(the)h(left)f(so)g(the)h(remaining)104 -792 y(source)h(substring)f(will)e(\014t)h(in)g(the)i(destination)e(space.)21 -b(Mo)o(v)o(e)14 b(the)h(remaining)e(source)j(b)o(ytes)f(in)o(to)104 -842 y(the)f(destination)g(space.)0 969 y(After)h(completing)d(the)i(selected) -i(course)f(of)e(action,)g(skip)h(the)h(next)f(instruction.)0 -1055 y(A)o(t)f(the)g(end,)g(the)g(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ters)g(p)q(oin)o(t)f -(to)g(the)h(last)f(p)q(ositions)h(referenced)i(in)d(source)i(and)e -(destination,)g(A)o(C+3)0 1104 y(con)o(tains)18 b(zero,)i(and)f(A)o(C)f(bits) -h(9{35)e(con)o(tain)h(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(source)i(b)o(ytes)f(skipp) -q(ed)g(o)o(v)o(er)g(\(if)f(an)o(y\).)1706 1089 y Fs(68)1772 -1104 y FJ(If)0 1154 y(un)o(used)d(in)o(terior)f(bits)h(in)e(b)q(oth)i -(strings)g(are)f(clear)h(initially)m(,)c(they)k(are)g(left)f(clear;)g -(otherwise,)h(un)o(used)g(in)o(terior)0 1204 y(destination)f(bits)g(are)g -(indeterminate.)j(The)e(source)g(string)f(is)g(una\013ected.)p -0 1482 1495 4 v 0 1407 V -2 1480 4 75 v 1493 1480 V 538 1480 -V 579 1480 V 746 1480 V 12 1512 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1457 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1512 -y Fq(8)p 372 1480 V 24 w(9)441 1457 y FE(A)0 1374 y Fk(CMPS{)156 -b(Compa)n(re)19 b(Strings)156 1456 y FJ(123)p 126 1631 1495 -4 v 126 1557 V 124 1630 4 75 v 1619 1630 V 664 1630 V 705 1630 -V 871 1630 V 138 1811 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)674 1607 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)470 1811 y Fq(8)p -498 1630 V 23 w(9)562 1606 y FJ(00)-374 b(00)p 373 1630 V 422 -1607 a FE(C)345 1811 y Fq(5)24 b(6)1 1607 y FE(E0)1 1680 y(E0)6 -b FJ(+1)1 1754 y FE(E0)g FJ(+2)1640 1582 y Fz(C)15 b FH(6)p -FJ(=)c(0)p Fz(;)c FJ(4)1640 1636 y(Bits)15 b(9{12)e(=)h(0)1640 -1688 y FE(E1)h FJ(is)e(not)h(used.)1911 1673 y Fs(69)1364 1682 -y FJ(Fill)e(1)1364 1756 y(Fill)g(2)p 125 1705 1495 2 v 124 -1704 2 75 v 1619 1704 V 1204 1704 2 9 v 1204 1688 V 1204 1671 -V 1204 1655 V 1204 1638 V 125 1780 1495 2 v 124 1779 2 75 v -1619 1779 V 1204 1779 2 9 v 1204 1763 V 1204 1746 V 1204 1729 -V 1204 1713 V 0 1923 a(Compare)h(t)o(w)o(o)h(strings)h(and)g(skip)f(the)h -(next)g(instruction)g(if)f(the)h(condition)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e -FE(C)20 b FJ(is)15 b(satis\014ed.)21 b(The)0 1973 y(t)o(w)o(o)16 -b(strings)h(are)g(de\014ned)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(a)g(blo)q -(c)o(k)g(of)g(six)g(accum)o(ulators.)25 b(The)17 b(strings)g(are)g(compared)0 -2023 y(according)10 b(to)g(a)g(collating)f(sequence)k(based)e(on)f(the)h -(algebraic)e(relationships)h(of)g(their)h(b)o(ytes)g(tak)o(en)f(as)h -(unsigned)0 2072 y(binary)i(in)o(tegers.)p 0 2107 720 2 v 31 -2134 a Fr(68)64 2146 y Fq(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)d(as)h(of)g(micro)q(co)q(de)d(v)o -(ersion)h(2.1[442],)g(the)h(KL10)h(will)h(return)d(0)i(in)g(A)o(C)h(bits)e -(9{35)g(ev)o(en)g(if)h(source)f(b)o(ytes)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)0 -2185 y(skipp)q(ed.)p eop -%%Page: 157 107 -157 106 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.12.)31 b(STRING)13 b(MANIPULA)m(TION)1108 -b FJ(157)150 247 y FC(A)o(C)150 320 y(A)o(C+1)150 395 y(A)o(C+2)150 -469 y(A)o(C+3)150 544 y(A)o(C+4)150 619 y(A)o(C+5)p 275 197 -1495 4 v 275 271 V 275 346 84 4 v 1686 346 V 275 421 1495 4 -v 275 496 V 275 570 84 4 v 1686 570 V 275 645 1495 4 v 273 -643 4 449 v 1767 643 V 430 246 a(000)1797 247 y(Bits)13 b(0{8)g(=)h(0)p -646 270 4 75 v 1072 243 a(String)h(1)e(Length)p 646 494 V 430 -470 a(000)1072 467 y(String)i(2)e(Length)1797 471 y(Bits)g(0{8)g(=)h(0)618 -676 y FI(8)24 b(9)1025 b(35)836 355 y FC(String)14 b(1)g(Byte)g(P)o(ointer) -836 579 y(String)g(2)g(Byte)g(P)o(ointer)286 676 y FI(0)150 -820 y FJ(Beginning)e(at)h(the)g(left,)f(compare)g(string)g(1)g(with)h(string) -f(2,)g(b)o(yte)h(b)o(y)g(b)o(yte,)f(un)o(til)g(a)g(pair)g(of)g(b)o(ytes)h -(that)g(are)g(not)150 870 y(iden)o(tical)g(is)g(encoun)o(tered.)20 -b(If)13 b(a)g(string)h(runs)g(out)g(b)q(efore)g(an)f(inequalit)o(y)g(is)g -(found,)g(con)o(tin)o(ue)g(the)h(comparison)150 920 y(using)h(a)g(b)o(yte)h -(from)e FE(E0)6 b FJ(+1)16 b(in)f(lieu)g(of)g(b)o(ytes)h(from)e(string)h(1,)h -(or)f(a)g(b)o(yte)h(from)e FE(E0)6 b FJ(+2)15 b(in)g(lieu)h(of)e(b)o(ytes)j -(from)150 970 y(string)d(2,)f(whic)o(hev)o(er)i(is)f(shorter.)150 -1055 y(Up)q(on)g(either)h(encoun)o(tering)g(an)f(inequalit)o(y)f(b)q(et)o(w)o -(een)j(corresp)q(onding)f(b)o(ytes)g(of)e(the)i(t)o(w)o(o)f(strings)h(or)f -(reac)o(hing)150 1105 y(the)k(end)f(of)g(the)h(longer)f(string,)g(stop)g(the) -h(comparison)e(and)h(skip)g(the)g(next)h(instruction)g(if)e(condition)g -FE(C)23 b FJ(is)150 1155 y(satis\014ed.)28 b(The)17 b(v)n(arious)f(v)n(alues) -h(of)f FE(C)23 b FJ(select)18 b(di\013eren)o(t)g(conditions)e(and,)h -(therefore,)i(sp)q(eci\014c)f(forms)e(of)g(this)150 1205 y(instruction,)e(as) -g(follo)o(ws.)212 1346 y FB(CMPSL)90 b FJ(Compare)13 b(Strings)h(and)g(Skip)f -(if)g(String)h(1)f(Less)i(than)f(String)g(2)389 b(001)212 1396 -y FB(CMPSE)90 b FJ(Compare)13 b(Strings)h(and)g(Skip)f(if)g(String)h(1)f -(Equal)h(to)f(String)h(2)407 b(002)212 1446 y FB(CMPSLE)68 -b FJ(Compare)13 b(Strings)h(and)g(Skip)f(if)g(String)h(1)f(Less)i(than)f(or)g -(Equal)f(to)h(String)g(2)168 b(003)212 1496 y FB(CMPSGE)68 -b FJ(Compare)13 b(Strings)h(and)g(Skip)f(if)g(String)h(1)f(Greater)i(than)f -(or)g(Equal)f(to)h(String)g(2)106 b(005)212 1546 y FB(CMPSN)90 -b FJ(Compare)13 b(Strings)h(and)g(Skip)f(if)g(String)h(1)f(Not)h(Equal)g(to)f -(String)h(2)325 b(006)212 1595 y FB(CMPSG)90 b FJ(Compare)13 -b(Strings)h(and)g(Skip)f(if)g(String)h(1)f(Greater)i(than)f(String)g(2)327 -b(007)150 1715 y(A)o(t)15 b(the)i(end,)e(the)h(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ters)g(p)q -(oin)o(t)f(to)g(the)h(last)g(p)q(ositions)f(referenced)j(in)d(the)h(strings)f -(and)h(bits)f(9{35)g(of)150 1765 y(A)o(C)e(and)g(A)o(C+3)g(con)o(tain)g(the)h -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(b)o(ytes)g(left)g(in)g(the)h(strings)f(b)q(ey)o(ond)h -(the)g(unequal)f(pair.)k(The)d(strings)150 1814 y(themselv)o(es)i(are)h(not)f -(a\013ected.)26 b(Note)16 b(that,)h(except)g(in)f(the)g(case)h(where)h(the)e -(inequalit)o(y)f(o)q(ccurs)j(at)e(the)g(last)150 1864 y(b)o(yte,)c(the)g -(comparison)e(con)o(tin)o(ues)i(to)f(the)h(end)g(of)f(the)h(strings)g(only)e -(if)h(they)h(are)g(equal;)f(in)g(b)q(oth)g(of)g(these)i(cases,)150 -1914 y(the)h(\014nal)g(states)h(of)e(the)i(p)q(oin)o(ters)f(and)g(lengths)g -(are)g(the)h(same.)150 2000 y(If)c(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(or)f(page)g(failure)f -(o)q(ccurs)j(during)e(execution)h(of)e(a)h(string)g(mo)o(v)o(e)f(or)h -(compare,)f(the)i(accum)o(ulators)150 2049 y(are)g(adjusted)f(for)g(what)g -(has)h(already)f(b)q(een)h(done.)17 b(Afterw)o(ards,)c(the)e(instruction)h -(resumes)g(as)f(though)g(starting)150 2099 y(at)k(the)g(b)q(eginning)f(but)h -(manipulates)e(substrings)j(that)e(are)h(simply)e(those)j(parts)f(of)f(the)h -(original)e(strings)i(left)150 2149 y(from)d(where)j(the)g(instruction)f(w)o -(as)g(in)o(terrupted.)150 2235 y(The)f(string)h(compare)e(instructions)i(are) -f(useful)g(for)g(suc)o(h)h(applications)e(as)h(alphab)q(etizing)f(strings)i -(that)f(repre-)150 2284 y(sen)o(t)i(w)o(ords.)p eop -%%Page: 158 108 -158 107 bop 0 50 a FJ(158)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 206 y FA(2.13)70 b(Decim)n(al)20 b(Con)n(v)n(ersion)791 -172 y Fs(63)0 333 y FJ(Included)e(among)d(the)i(string)h(instructions)f(are)h -(four)f(for)f(con)o(v)o(erting)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(binary)f(and)g(decimal.) -26 b(The)0 382 y(binary)12 b(is)h(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(a)g(t)o(w)o(os)h(complemen)o -(t,)d(double{length)j(binary)f(in)o(teger)h(in)f(the)i(format)d(giv)o(en)h -(in)g FH(x)q FJ(1.5.1:)j(the)0 432 y(magnitude)g(is)i(the)g(70{bit)f(string)h -(in)f(bits)h(1{35)e(of)h(the)i(t)o(w)o(o)e(w)o(ords,)h(bit)g(0)f(of)g(the)i -(high{order)e(w)o(ord)h(is)f(the)0 482 y(sign,)e(and)g(bit)g(0)g(of)f(the)i -(lo)o(w{order)f(w)o(ord)g(is)h(a)f(cop)o(y)g(of)g(the)h(sign)f(but)g(is)g -(nev)o(er)h(used)h(in)e(an)o(y)f(op)q(eration.)20 b(The)0 532 -y(decimal)10 b(is)h(a)g(string)h(of)f(b)o(ytes)h(represen)o(ting)h(decimal)d -(digits)h(\()p FE(the)h(r)n(e)n(ader)g(should)i(b)n(e)e(familiar)g(with)f -(the)i(gener)n(al)0 582 y(information)k(and)h(c)n(autions)g(ab)n(out)g -(strings)f(pr)n(esente)n(d)g(at)g(the)h(b)n(e)n(ginning)g(of)f(the)h(pr)n -(evious)f(se)n(ction)s FJ(\).)27 b(T)m(o)15 b(b)q(e)0 632 y(capable)e(of)f -(con)o(v)o(ersion)h(to)g(double{length)f(binary)m(,)g(a)g(decimal)g(string)g -(can)i(ha)o(v)o(e)e(a)h(maxim)n(um)8 b(of)13 b(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y{t)o(w)o(o)0 -681 y(signi\014can)o(t)18 b(digits,)h(although)f(the)h(string)g(ma)o(y)e(b)q -(e)i(longer)g(b)q(ecause)h(of)e(the)i(presence)h(of)d(leading)g(zeros)i(or)0 -731 y(nonn)o(umeric)11 b(c)o(haracters.)19 b(The)12 b(decimal)f(v)n(alue)g -(corresp)q(onding)i(to)f(the)g(binary)f(maxim)o(um)c(of)k(2)1544 -716 y Fs(70)1591 731 y FJ(is)h(1)g(180)f(591)0 781 y(620)i(717)g(411)g(303)g -(424.)0 867 y(The)g(four)f(instructions)h(are)f(for)g(con)o(v)o(erting)g -(with)g(o\013set)h(or)g(translation)e(in)h(the)h(t)o(w)o(o)f(directions.)18 -b(All)11 b(are)i(t)o(w)o(o{)0 916 y(w)o(ord)i(instructions,)h(where)g(the)g -(\014rst)g(has)g(the)f FC(EXTEND)g FJ(co)q(de)i(123,)d(and)h(all)f(use)i(a)f -(blo)q(c)o(k)g(of)f(accum)o(ulators.)0 966 y(Decimal{to{binary)g(uses)k -(\014v)o(e)e(accum)o(ulators,)g(and)h(binary)f(to)h(decimal)d(requires)k(a)f -(blo)q(c)o(k)f(of)g(six,)h(but)g(one)0 1016 y(within)c(the)i(blo)q(c)o(k)e -(is)h(not)g(used.)p 0 1244 1495 4 v 0 1170 V -2 1243 4 75 v -1493 1243 V 538 1243 V 579 1243 V 746 1243 V 12 1274 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1219 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)344 1274 y Fq(8)p 372 1243 V 24 w(9)441 1219 y -FE(A)0 1136 y Fk(CVTBDO)106 b(Convert)19 b(Bina)n(ry)f(to)h(Decimal)h -(O\013set)156 1219 y FJ(123)p 126 1394 1495 4 v 126 1319 V -124 1392 4 75 v 1619 1392 V 664 1392 V 705 1392 V 871 1392 -V 138 1498 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)674 -1369 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)470 1498 y Fq(8)p 498 1392 V 23 -w(9)562 1368 y FJ(00)-322 b(012)1 1369 y FE(E0)1 1442 y(E0)6 -b FJ(+1)1641 1369 y(Bits)14 b(9{12)f(=)h(0)p 126 1468 1495 -4 v 124 1467 4 75 v 1619 1467 V 1204 1467 4 9 v 1204 1450 V -1204 1434 V 1204 1417 V 1204 1400 V 1382 1444 a(Fill)p 0 1745 -1495 4 v 0 1670 V -2 1743 4 75 v 1493 1743 V 538 1743 V 579 -1743 V 746 1743 V 12 1775 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 1720 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1775 y Fq(8)p -372 1743 V 24 w(9)441 1720 y FE(A)0 1637 y Fk(CVTBDT)109 b(Convert)19 -b(Bina)n(ry)f(to)h(Decimal)h(T)-5 b(ranslated)156 1719 y FJ(123)p -126 1894 1495 4 v 126 1820 V 124 1893 4 75 v 1619 1893 V 664 -1893 V 705 1893 V 871 1893 V 138 1999 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)674 1870 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)470 1999 -y Fq(8)p 498 1893 V 23 w(9)562 1869 y FJ(00)-322 b(013)1 1870 -y FE(E0)1 1943 y(E0)6 b FJ(+1)1641 1870 y(Bits)14 b(9{12)f(=)h(0)p -126 1969 1495 4 v 124 1967 4 75 v 1619 1967 V 1204 1967 4 9 -v 1204 1951 V 1204 1934 V 1204 1918 V 1204 1901 V 1382 1945 -a(Fill)0 2103 y(Con)o(v)o(ert)f(the)g(magnitude)f(of)g(a)g(double{length)h -(binary)f(in)o(teger)h(in)o(to)f(a)h(decimal)e(digit)h(string,)g(o\013set)i -(or)f(trans-)0 2153 y(lated.)18 b(The)13 b(in)o(teger)g(is)g(giv)o(en,)f(and) -h(the)h(string)f(space)h(is)f(de\014ned)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f -(a)f(blo)q(c)o(k)h(of)f(six)h(accum)o(u-)0 2202 y(lators.)p -eop -%%Page: 159 109 -159 108 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.13.)31 b(DECIMAL)14 b(CONVERSION)1122 -b FJ(159)150 247 y FC(A)o(C)150 320 y(A)o(C+1)150 395 y(A)o(C+2)150 -469 y(A)o(C+3)150 544 y(A)o(C+4)150 619 y(A)o(C+5)p 275 197 -1495 4 v 275 271 84 4 v 1686 346 V 275 346 1495 4 v 275 421 -V 275 496 V 275 570 84 4 v 1686 570 V 275 645 1495 4 v 273 -643 4 449 v 1767 643 V 646 494 4 75 v 503 470 a(00)p 314 494 -V 278 471 a FE(L)p 356 494 V 13 w(N)p 397 494 V 8 w(M)1404 -b FC(Bits)13 b(3{8)g(=)h(0)327 676 y FI(1)23 b(2)29 b(3)765 -280 y FC(Double)15 b(Length)g(Bina)o(ry)f(Integer)940 396 y(Not)g(Used)1090 -467 y(String)g(Length)853 579 y(String)g(Byte)g(P)o(ointer)286 -676 y FI(0)306 b(8)31 b(9)1025 b(35)150 820 y FJ(Determine)17 -b(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(decimal)f(digits)g(required)j(to)e(con)o(v)o -(ert)h(the)g(binary)f(in)o(teger;)i(if)d(this)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(is)150 -870 y(greater)j(than)f(the)h(string)f(length)g(giv)o(en)g(b)o(y)f(A)o(C+3)h -(bits)h(9{35,)e(go)h(on)g(to)g(the)g(next)h(instruction)f(without)150 -920 y(a\013ecting)12 b(the)g(string)g(space)h(or)e(the)h(accum)o(ulators)f -(in)g(an)o(y)g(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)1179 905 y Fs(70)1231 920 y FJ(Note)h(that)f -(the)i(string)e(length)h(m)o(ust)e(sp)q(ecify)150 970 y(a)i(minim)n(um)7 -b(of)k(one)i(digit)d(b)o(yte,)j(ev)o(en)f(if)f(the)i(binary)e(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)g(is)h(zero,)g(b)q(ecause)i(represen)o(ting)g(zero)e(in)g(decimal)150 -1020 y(requires)i(at)g(least)f(the)h(digit)e(\\0")h(\(a)g(string)g(with)g(no) -g(b)o(ytes)h(cannot)f(represen)o(t)j(an)o(ything|not)c(ev)o(en)i(zero\).)k -(If)150 1069 y(the)c(con)o(v)o(erted)i(in)o(teger)e(will)e(\014t)i(in)g(the)g -(de\014ned)h(string)f(space,)h(con)o(tin)o(ue)f(as)g(follo)o(ws.)150 -1155 y(If)19 b(the)g(binary)g(in)o(teger)g(in)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)f(is)h(not)g -(zero,)i(set)f FE(N)7 b FJ(;)18 b(if)g(it)h(is)g(less)g(than)g(zero,)i(set)f -FE(M)26 b FJ(\(min)o(us\).)32 b(If)150 1205 y(the)17 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g -(digits)g(required)i(is)f(less)g(than)g(the)h(giv)o(en)e(string)h(length)g -(and)g FE(L)g FJ(is)g(1,)f(place)h(the)h(leading)e(\014ll)150 -1255 y(c)o(haracter)h(from)d FE(E0)6 b FJ(+1)15 b(in)f(the)h(excess)i(p)q -(ositions)e(at)f(the)i(left)e(in)g(the)i(string)f(space.)21 -b(This)15 b(action)f(causes)i(the)150 1304 y(result)f(to)e(b)q(e)i(righ)o(t)e -(justi\014ed.)19 b(Clear)13 b(A)o(C+3)h(bits)g(9{35.)150 1390 -y(Compute)j(eac)o(h)i(decimal)d(digit)h(for)h(a)f(p)q(ositiv)o(e)h(represen)o -(tation)i(of)d(the)i(magnitude)d(of)h(the)i(binary)f(in)o(teger)150 -1440 y(\(highest)e(order)f(\014rst\);)i(and,)e(for)f(eac)o(h,)i(do)f(one)g -(or)g(the)h(other)g(of)e(the)i(follo)o(wing)c(t)o(w)o(o)j(op)q(erations,)g -(dep)q(ending)150 1490 y(on)f(whic)o(h)f(instruction)i(is)e(b)q(eing)h(p)q -(erformed.)254 1617 y(If)f(the)h(instruction)g(is)f FC(CVTBDO)p -FJ(,)f(add)h FE(E1)20 b FJ(to)13 b(the)h(computed)g(digit)e(algebraically)g -(\(bit)h(18)g(is)h(the)254 1666 y(sign\).)254 1752 y(If)9 b(the)i -(instruction)f(is)g FC(CVTBDT)p FJ(,)f(for)h(the)g(digit)f(substitute)i(a)f -(b)o(yte)g(from)f(the)h(righ)o(t)g(half)f(of)g(lo)q(cation)254 -1802 y FE(E1)d FJ(+)p FE(D)19 b FJ(in)14 b(the)h(translation)f(table,)g -(where)i FE(D)j FJ(is)14 b(the)h(v)n(alue)f(of)g(the)h(digit,)f(unless)h -(this)g(is)f(the)h(last)254 1852 y(digit)g(in)h(the)h(con)o(v)o(ersion,)g(in) -f(whic)o(h)g(case)i(mak)o(e)d(the)i(substitution)g(from)d(the)j(righ)o(t)f -(half)g(of)g(the)254 1901 y(lo)q(cation)d(if)g FE(M)21 b FJ(is)13 -b(0)h(or)g(from)e(the)i(left)g(half)f(if)g FE(M)21 b FJ(is)14 -b(1.)150 2029 y(Place)f(eac)o(h)h(o\013set)g(or)f(translated)h(b)o(yte)f(in)g -(the)g(next)h(p)q(osition)e(in)h(the)h(string)f(space,)h(compute)e(the)i -(next)f(digit,)150 2078 y(and)i(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(as)g(describ)q(ed)h(ab)q(o)o -(v)o(e.)23 b(When)15 b(the)h(con)o(v)o(ersion)g(is)g(complete|all)d(digits)i -(computed,)g(o\013set)h(or)150 2128 y(translated,)e(and)g(dep)q(osited|clear) -g(A)o(C)g(and)g(A)o(C+1)g(and)g(skip)f(the)i(next)f(instruction.)150 -2214 y(A)o(t)i(the)g(end,)f(the)i(b)o(yte)e(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(p)q(oin)o(ts)f -(to)h(the)g(last)f(b)o(yte)h(dep)q(osited)g(in)f(the)h(string)g(space)g(and)g -(A)o(C,)e(A)o(C+1,)150 2264 y(and)i(A)o(C+3)h(bits)f(9{35)g(all)f(con)o(tain) -h(zero.)27 b(If)16 b(un)o(used)h(in)o(terior)g(bits)f(in)g(the)h(string)g -(are)g(clear)g(initially)m(,)c(they)150 2313 y(are)18 b(left)g(clear;)h -(otherwise,)g(un)o(used)g(in)o(terior)e(destination)h(bits)f(are)h -(indeterminate.)29 b(The)18 b(source)h(string)f(is)150 2363 -y(una\013ected.)150 2449 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)g(The)13 b(translation)g(table,)f -(whic)o(h)h(starts)h(at)f FE(E1)6 b FJ(,)13 b(con)o(tains)g(ten)g(lo)q -(cations)g(for)f(the)i(decimal)d(digits,)h(eac)o(h)150 2499 -y(with)f(substitute)i(b)o(ytes)g(in)e(b)q(oth)h(half{w)o(ords,)e(but)i(the)h -(left)e(half)g(is)g(used)i(only)e(for)g(the)h(\014nal)f(digit.)17 -b(This)11 b(allo)o(ws)p 150 2533 720 2 v 181 2560 a Fr(70)214 -2572 y Fh(Caution)s Fq(:)17 b(In)12 b(the)g(KL10)h(the)f Fh(N)19 -b Fq(and)11 b Fh(M)18 b Fq(\015ags)12 b(are)g(set)g(up)h(\014rst)f(and)f(ma)o -(y)h(therefore)e(b)q(e)j(a\013ected)d(ev)o(en)i(b)o(y)g(an)g(instruction)150 -2611 y(that)e(is)i(ab)q(orted)d(b)q(ecause)h(the)h(binary)e(in)o(teger)h(is)i -(to)q(o)e(large.)p eop -%%Page: 160 110 -160 109 bop 0 50 a FJ(160)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(the)k(program)e(to)h(use)h(a)f(di\013eren)o(t)h -(\014nal)f(b)o(yte)h(for)f(a)g(decimal)e(string)j(con)o(v)o(erted)g(from)e(a) -h(negativ)o(e)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)0 245 y(Setting)c FE(N)20 -b FJ(indicates)14 b(that)f(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(con)o(v)o(erted)i(is)e -(not)g(zero;)h(the)g(state)g(of)f(the)h(\015ag)f(has)g(no)g(e\013ect)i(on)e -(the)0 295 y(execution)i(of)e(the)h(instruction.)p 0 544 1495 -4 v 0 469 V -2 542 4 75 v 1493 542 V 538 542 V 579 542 V 746 -542 V 12 574 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)548 519 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 574 y Fq(8)p 372 542 -V 24 w(9)441 519 y FE(A)0 436 y Fk(CVTDBO)106 b(Convert)19 -b(Decimal)g(to)g(Bina)n(ry)g(O\013set)156 518 y FJ(123)p 126 -693 1495 4 v 126 619 V 124 692 4 75 v 1619 692 V 664 692 V -705 692 V 871 692 V 138 723 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)674 668 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)470 723 -y Fq(8)p 498 692 V 23 w(9)562 668 y FJ(00)-322 b(010)-331 b -FE(E0)1578 b FJ(Bits)14 b(9{12)f(=)h(0)p 0 982 1495 4 v 0 908 -V -2 981 4 75 v 1493 981 V 538 981 V 579 981 V 746 981 V 12 -1012 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -957 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1012 y Fq(8)p 372 981 V 24 w(9)441 -957 y FE(A)0 874 y Fk(CVTDBT)109 b(Convert)19 b(Decimal)g(to)g(Bina)n(ry)g(T) --5 b(ranslated)156 957 y FJ(123)p 126 1132 1495 4 v 126 1057 -V 124 1130 4 75 v 1619 1130 V 664 1130 V 705 1130 V 871 1130 -V 138 1161 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)674 -1107 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)470 1161 y Fq(8)p 498 1130 V 23 -w(9)562 1106 y FJ(00)-322 b(011)14 1107 y FE(E0)1578 b FJ(Bits)14 -b(9{12)f(=)h(0)0 1257 y(Con)o(v)o(ert)j(a)g(decimal)f(string,)h(o\013set)h -(or)f(translated,)h(to)f(a)g(double{length)g(binary)f(in)o(teger.)28 -b(A)17 b(blo)q(c)o(k)g(of)g(\014v)o(e)0 1307 y(accum)o(ulators)c(is)h(used)g -(for)g(de\014ning)g(the)g(decimal)e(string)i(and)g(receiving)g(the)h(binary)e -(result.)0 1448 y FC(A)o(C)0 1521 y(A)o(C+1)0 1596 y(A)o(C+2)0 -1671 y(A)o(C+3)0 1745 y(A)o(C+4)p 125 1398 1495 4 v 125 1473 -V 125 1547 84 4 v 1536 1547 V 125 1622 1495 4 v 125 1697 84 -4 v 1536 1697 V 125 1772 1495 4 v 123 1770 4 374 v 1617 1770 -V 496 1471 4 75 v 353 1447 a(00)p 164 1471 V 129 1448 a FE(S)p -206 1471 V 15 w(N)p 247 1471 V 8 w(M)1404 b FC(Bits)13 b(3{8)g(=)h(0)177 -1803 y FI(1)23 b(2)29 b(3)940 1444 y FC(String)14 b(Length)703 -1556 y(String)g(Byte)g(P)o(ointer)621 1706 y(Double)h(Length)g(Bina)o(ry)f -(Result)136 1803 y FI(0)306 b(8)31 b(9)1025 b(35)0 1939 y FJ(If)14 -b FE(S)19 b FJ(is)c(1)f(initially)m(,)c(there)16 b(is)e(already)g(a)g(binary) -g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(signi\014cance)i(in)f(A)o(C+3,A)o(C+4)o(:)19 -b(use)c(it)f(as)g(a)g(base)0 1988 y(for)f(further)g(accum)o(ulation)e(of)h -(the)i(digits)e(deriv)o(ed)h(from)f(the)h(decimal)e(string.)18 -b(Otherwise,)c(b)q(egin)f(with)g(a)f(zero)0 2038 y(base.)0 -2124 y(If)i(the)g(instruction)g(is)g FC(CVTDBO)p FJ(,)e(set)j -FE(S)k FJ(to)14 b(indicate)f(the)i(con)o(v)o(ersion)f(has)g(started.)0 -2209 y(Beginning)19 b(at)g(the)g(left,)h(read)f(eac)o(h)h(b)o(yte)f(from)f -(the)h(string)h(and,)f(for)g(eac)o(h,)h(do)f(one)h(or)f(the)g(other)h(of)e -(the)0 2259 y(follo)o(wing)11 b(t)o(w)o(o)j(op)q(erations,)f(dep)q(ending)i -(on)e(whic)o(h)h(instruction)g(is)g(b)q(eing)g(p)q(erformed.)104 -2386 y(If)f(the)i(instruction)f(is)g FC(CVTDBO)p FJ(,)e(add)h -FE(E1)20 b FJ(to)14 b(the)h(b)o(yte)f(algebraically)e(\(bit)i(18)f(is)h(the)g -(sign\).)104 2472 y(If)f(the)i(instruction)f(is)f FC(CVTDBT)p -FJ(,)g(carry)h(out)g(the)g(corresp)q(onding)h(translation)e(function)g(giv)o -(en)h(in)104 2522 y(the)i(appropriate)f(half{w)o(ord)g(at)g(lo)q(cation)f -Fz(E)r FE(1)i FJ(+)9 b FH(b)p Fz(B)r(=)p FJ(2)p FH(c)16 b FJ(in)g(the)g -(translation)e(table,)i(where)g FE(B)k FJ(is)104 2571 y(the)14 -b(v)n(alue)g(of)f(the)h(b)o(yte.)19 b(Eac)o(h)14 b(w)o(ord)g(in)f(the)i -(table)e(has)h(this)g(format:)p eop -%%Page: 161 111 -161 110 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.13.)31 b(DECIMAL)14 b(CONVERSION)1122 -b FJ(161)p 150 321 1495 4 v 148 320 4 100 v 150 222 1495 4 -v 1643 320 4 100 v 273 332 4 13 v 397 332 V 522 332 V 646 332 -V 771 332 V 896 340 4 21 v 1020 332 4 13 v 1145 332 V 1269 -332 V 1394 332 V 1518 332 V 246 350 a Fs(2)p 273 320 4 100 -v -101 w(0)p 148 320 V 187 260 a FI(Op)169 305 y(Co)q(de)984 -350 y Fs(20)p 1020 320 V -117 w(18)p 896 320 V 934 260 a FI(Op)916 -305 y(Co)q(de)860 350 y Fs(17)p 896 320 V -159 w(14)p 729 320 -V 772 279 a FI(Digit)1607 350 y Fs(35)p 1643 320 V -158 w(32)p -1477 320 V 1519 279 a FI(Digit)250 200 y(T)m(ranslation)15 -b(F)m(unction)g(for)d(Ev)o(en)i Fd(B)206 b FI(T)m(ranslation)15 -b(F)m(unction)g(for)d(Odd)i Fd(B)1683 279 y FI(Lo)q(cation)g -Fd(E1)5 b FI(+)p Fc(b)p Fb(B)r(=)p FI(2)p Fc(c)254 475 y FJ(P)o(erform)10 -b(the)h(function)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(op)g(co)q(de)h(in)e(the)i -(half{w)o(ord)d(corresp)q(onding)j(to)f(the)g(b)o(yte,)254 -525 y(as)j(follo)o(ws)e(\(setting)i FE(S)20 b FJ(signals)13 -b(the)h(start)h(of)e(signi\014can)o(t)h(digits)f(in)g(the)i(the)f(decimal)e -(string\):)254 593 y(0)67 b(If)15 b FE(S)20 b FJ(is)15 b(1,)g(substitute)i -(the)f(table)f(digit)g(for)g(the)h(b)o(yte.)22 b(If)15 b FE(S)21 -b FJ(is)15 b(0,)g(ignore)g(this)h(b)o(yte)g(and)f(go)342 642 -y(on)e(to)h(the)h(next.)254 728 y(1)67 b(T)m(erminate)12 b(the)j(con)o(v)o -(ersion.)254 813 y(2)67 b(Clear)14 b FE(M)21 b FJ(and,)13 b(if)g -FE(S)19 b FJ(is)14 b(1,)g(substitute)h(the)f(table)g(digit)f(for)h(the)h(b)o -(yte.)j(If)c FE(S)19 b FJ(is)14 b(0,)f(ignore)h(this)342 863 -y(b)o(yte)g(and)g(go)f(on)h(to)f(the)i(next.)254 949 y(3)67 -b(Set)16 b FE(M)23 b FJ(and,)16 b(if)e FE(S)22 b FJ(is)15 b(1,)h(substitute)h -(the)f(table)g(digit)f(for)g(the)i(b)o(yte.)24 b(If)15 b FE(S)21 -b FJ(is)16 b(0,)g(ignore)f(this)342 999 y(b)o(yte)f(and)g(go)f(on)h(to)f(the) -i(next.)254 1084 y(4)67 b(Set)14 b FE(S)19 b FJ(and)14 b FE(N)20 -b FJ(and)14 b(substitute)h(the)g(table)f(digit)f(for)g(the)i(b)o(yte.)254 -1170 y(5)67 b(Set)14 b FE(N)21 b FJ(and)13 b(terminate)h(the)g(con)o(v)o -(ersion.)254 1255 y(6)67 b(Set)14 b FE(S)19 b FJ(and)14 b FE(N)7 -b FJ(,)13 b(clear)h FE(M)7 b FJ(,)14 b(and)f(substitute)j(the)e(table)g -(digit)f(for)g(the)i(b)o(yte.)254 1341 y(7)67 b(Set)14 b FE(S)5 -b FJ(,)14 b FE(N)7 b FJ(,)13 b(and)h FE(M)20 b FJ(and)14 b(substitute)h(the)g -(table)f(digit)e(for)i(the)g(b)o(yte.)150 1455 y(If)e(the)i(translation)d -(function)i(terminates)f(the)h(con)o(v)o(ersion,)g(or)g(the)g(o\013set)g(or)g -(translated)g(digit)f(is)g(greater)i(than)150 1505 y(9,)i(put)g(the)h(n)o(um) -o(b)q(er)f(of)f(b)o(ytes)i(remaining)d(in)i(the)h(string)f(in)g(A)o(C)g(bits) -g(9{35,)f(put)i(the)f(partial)f(binary)h(result)150 1554 y(accum)o(ulated)i -(so)g(far)h(in)f(A)o(C+3,A)o(C+4,)h(and)f(go)g(on)h(to)f(the)i(next)f -(instruction.)32 b(Otherwise)21 b(m)o(ultiply)15 b(the)150 -1604 y(curren)o(t)j(binary)e(v)n(alue)g(b)o(y)h(10)643 1610 -y Fs(10)677 1604 y FJ(,)g(add)f(in)h(the)g(curren)o(t)h(digit,)e(and)g(read)h -(the)g(next)g(b)o(yte)g(from)e(the)i(string)g(to)150 1654 y(con)o(tin)o(ue)d -(as)g(describ)q(ed)i(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)d(un)o(til)g(the)i(con)o(v)o(ersion)f(is) -g(\014nished.)915 1764 y FF(CA)n(UTION)254 1855 y FJ(It)d(is)f(up)h(to)g(the) -g(programmer)e(to)h(k)o(eep)i(trac)o(k)f(of)f(the)h(size)h(of)e(the)h -(decimal)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er|the)g(hardw)o(are)254 1905 y(runs)15 -b(no)g(test)h(on)e(the)i(string.)21 b(If)14 b(there)i(are)g(to)q(o)e(man)o(y) -f(signi\014can)o(t)i(digits,)f(the)h(most)f(signi\014can)o(t)254 -1955 y(part)g(of)f(the)i(binary)e(is)h(lost,)f(and)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i -(giv)o(es)e(no)f(indication)g(of)g(it.)150 2109 y(The)e(con)o(v)o(ersion)h -(is)e(regarded)i(as)f(complete)g(only)f(when)h(all)f(b)o(ytes)i(of)e(the)i -(decimal)d(string)i(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)h(pro)q(cessed)150 -2159 y(without)g(causing)g(a)g(termination)e(or)i(generating)h(a)e(digit)h -(outside)g(the)h(range)f(0{9.)17 b(Up)q(on)12 b(completion,)e(negate)150 -2208 y(the)16 b(accum)o(ulated)f(binary)g(if)g FE(M)23 b FJ(is)16 -b(1,)f(place)h(the)g(result)h(\(negated)f(or)g(not\))g(in)f(A)o(C+3,A)o(C+4,) -g(and)h(skip)f(the)150 2258 y(next)f(instruction.)150 2344 -y(A)o(t)g(the)h(end,)f(the)h(b)o(yte)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(p)q(oin)o(ts)g(to)g -(the)h(last)f(b)o(yte)g(read)h(from)d(the)j(decimal)d(string)i(and)g(A)o(C)g -(bits)g(9{35)150 2394 y(con)o(tain)k(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(unpro)q -(cessed)j(b)o(ytes)e(left)f(in)g(the)i(decimal)c(string)j(\(if)f(an)o(y\).)31 -b(The)19 b(string)g(itself)f(is)150 2443 y(una\013ected.)h(The)13 -b(translation)f(table)g(starts)i(at)e(lo)q(cation)f FE(E1)6 -b FJ(;)13 b(and,)f(since)h(there)h(are)f(t)o(w)o(o)f(functions)g(p)q(er)i(w)o -(ord,)150 2493 y(it)i(con)o(tains)h(2)381 2478 y Fw(n)p Fp(\000)p -Fs(1)463 2493 y FJ(lo)q(cations,)f(where)i Fz(n)f FJ(is)g(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)f(of)g(bits)h(in)f(a)h(b)o(yte.)27 b(The)17 b(address)h(is)f(generated)h -(b)o(y)150 2543 y(adding)13 b(the)i(left)e Fz(n)c FH(\000)h -FJ(1)j(bits)h(of)g(a)f(b)o(yte)i(to)e FE(E1)6 b FJ(.)150 2629 -y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)17 b FC(CVTDBO)11 b FJ(alw)o(a)o(ys)h(sets)h -FE(S)18 b FJ(imm)o(ediately)m(,)9 b(but)j(in)g FC(CVTDBT)f -FJ(its)i(setting)f(is)g(con)o(trolled)g(b)o(y)g(the)h(transla-)p -eop -%%Page: 162 112 -162 111 bop 0 50 a FJ(162)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(tion)g(functions.)19 b(Hence,)c(an)f(instruction)h -(can)f(skip)g(o)o(v)o(er)g(leading)g(\014ll)f(c)o(haracters)j(or)e(nonn)o -(umeric)f(c)o(haracters)0 245 y(preceding)h(the)f(decimal)e(part)i(of)f(a)h -(string.)18 b(If)12 b(an)h(in)o(terrupt)g(or)g(page)g(failure)f(o)q(ccurs)i -(during)e(this)h(instruction,)0 295 y(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(b)o(ytes)i -(y)o(et)f(to)g(b)q(e)g(pro)q(cessed)i(is)e(put)g(in)f(A)o(C)g(bits)h(9{35)f -(and)h(the)g(partial)f(binary)g(accum)o(ulated)0 345 y(so)j(far)f(is)g -(placed)h(in)f(A)o(C+3,A)o(C+4.)23 b(Th)o(us,)15 b(when)i(the)f(instruction)g -(resumes)g(after)f(an)h(in)o(terruption)f(with)h FE(S)0 394 -y FJ(set,)f(it)f(simply)f(con)o(tin)o(ues)i(where)h(the)f(con)o(v)o(ersion)f -(left)h(o\013,)f(adding)g(the)h(next)g(digit)e(to)i(ten)g(times)e(the)i -(binary)0 444 y(previously)h(sa)o(v)o(ed.)24 b(If)16 b(the)g(programmer)e -(wishes)j(to)f(preset)h FE(S)k FJ(to)16 b(add)g(the)h(decimal)d(string)i(to)g -(a)f(signi\014can)o(t)0 494 y(binary)d(base)i(already)e(in)h(A)o(C+3,A)o(C+4) -o(,)g(he)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(a)o(w)o(are)g(that)g(the)g(base)h(is)f(m)o -(ultipli)o(ed)e(b)o(y)h(ten)i(b)q(efore)f(the)0 544 y(\014rst)i(digit)e(is)g -(added.)0 629 y(F)m(or)g(a)h(decimal)e(string)i FE(ab)n(c)n(de)s -FJ(,)g(the)h(ev)n(aluation)d(pro)q(cedure)k(is)516 765 y(\(\(\()p -Fz(a)10 b FH(\002)f FJ(10)g(+)h Fz(b)p FJ(\))f FH(\002)g FJ(10)g(+)h -Fz(c)p FJ(\))f FH(\002)g FJ(10)g(+)h Fz(d)p FJ(\))f FH(\002)g -FJ(10)g(+)g Fz(e)0 875 y FJ(whic)o(h)14 b(is)g(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(to)919 -990 y Fz(e)d FH(\002)f FJ(1)852 1040 y(+)j Fz(d)d FH(\002)h -FJ(10)835 1090 y(+)i Fz(c)d FH(\002)h FJ(100)815 1139 y(+)i -Fz(b)d FH(\002)g FJ(1000)790 1189 y(+)j Fz(a)d FH(\002)g FJ(10000)0 -1273 y(The)14 b(op)q(erations)g(are)h(all)d(done)j(in)e(binary)g(arithmetic.) -0 1358 y(T)m(ranslation)c(functions)h(manipulate)e FE(M)f FJ(,)j(but)g(the)h -(program)d(can)j(set)g(it)f(prior)g(to)g(either)h(instruction)f(to)g -(indicate)0 1408 y(that)j(the)g(decimal)e(string)i(represen)o(ts)i(a)e -(negativ)o(e)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)17 b FE(N)j FJ(can)13 b(also)f(b)q(e)h -(preset)i(or)d(manipulated)f(through)0 1458 y(the)j(translation)g(table,)f -(but)h(its)g(state)h(has)f(no)f(e\013ect)j(on)e(the)g(execution)h(of)e(the)h -(instruction.)0 1544 y(F)m(or)f(decimal)g(strings)h(with)f(4{bit)g(digits,)g -(con)o(v)o(ersion)h(can)g(b)q(e)h(done)f(b)o(y)f FC(CVTBDO)g -FJ(or)h FC(CVTDBO)e FJ(with)i(a)f(zero)0 1593 y(o\013set.)18 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)12 b(note)g(that)f(decimal)f(b)o(ytes)i(need)g(not)f(b)q -(e)h(four)f(bits:)17 b(they)12 b(can)f(b)q(e)h(larger,)g(using)f(an)o(y)g -(decimal)0 1643 y(co)q(de,)16 b(pro)o(vided)f(only)g(that,)g(on)g(con)o(v)o -(ersion)g(to)g(binary)m(,)g(they)g(are)h(in)f(the)h(range)f(0{9)g(\(0{1001)f -(binary\))h(after)0 1693 y(o\013set)g(or)f(translation.)0 1779 -y(In)i(ASCI)q(I)g(n)o(umeric)f(strings,)h(the)g(b)o(ytes)h(represen)o(ting)g -(the)f(digits)g(are)g(60{71)e(o)q(ctal.)24 b(Con)o(v)o(ersion)15 -b(to)h(ASCI)q(I)0 1828 y(decimal)g(w)o(ould)g(b)q(e)i(b)o(y)f -FC(CVTBDO)f FJ(with)h(o\013set)h(60)f(\(48)g(decimal\),)f(and)i -FC(CVTDBO)d FJ(with)i(o\013set)i FH(\000)p FJ(60)e(w)o(ould)0 -1878 y(con)o(v)o(ert)e(in)f(the)g(opp)q(osite)h(direction.)k(Consider)14 -b(an)g(ASCI)q(I)h(string)f(con)o(taining)f(decimal)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)i(of)g -(v)n(arious)0 1928 y(unkno)o(wn)f(lengths)h(separated)h(b)o(y)e(semicolons)f -(\(ASCI)q(I)i(co)q(de)g(73\).)k(The)13 b(program)f(could)h(con)o(v)o(ert)i -(all)d(of)h(these)0 1978 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)k(to)g(binary)f(b)o(y)h(sp)q -(ecifying)g(a)g(constan)o(t,)h(suitably)e(large)h(string)g(length,)h(while)e -(giving)g(a)h(sequence)0 2028 y(of)h FC(CVTDBO)p FJ(s)g(with)h(o\013set)h -FH(\000)p FJ(60.)33 b(Eac)o(h)19 b(con)o(v)o(ersion)g(w)o(ould)f(terminate)h -(\(nonskip\))f(up)q(on)h(encoun)o(tering)h(a)0 2078 y(semicolon,)13 -b(b)q(ecause)k(its)e(o\013set)h(v)n(alue)e(is)h(11)f(decimal.)20 -b(Bet)o(w)o(een)d(con)o(v)o(ersions,)e(the)h(program)d(w)o(ould)h(ha)o(v)o(e) -h(to)0 2127 y(store)g(a)o(w)o(a)o(y)e(the)h(result)h(and)e(clear)i -FE(S)k FJ(b)o(y)14 b(a)f(sequence)j(lik)o(e)d(this:)174 2252 -y FB(EXTEND)43 b(AC,[CVTDBO)19 b(0,-60])217 b(;Convert)174 -2302 y(DMOVEM)43 b(AC+3,VALUE1)346 b(;Store)21 b(result)174 -2351 y(TLZ)109 b(AC,700000)390 b(;Reset)21 b Fz(S)r(N)5 b(M)174 -2401 y FB(EXTEND)43 b(AC,[CVTDBO)19 b(0,-60])174 2451 y(DMOVEM)43 -b(AC+3,VALUE2)174 2501 y(TLZ)109 b(AC,700000)196 2551 y(...)p -eop -%%Page: 163 113 -163 112 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.14.)31 b(STRING)13 b(EDITING)1260 -b FJ(163)150 195 y(If)10 b(there)i(w)o(ere)f(v)o(ery)g(man)o(y)e(n)o(um)o(b)q -(ers,)h(the)h(program)e(w)o(ould)h(naturally)f(use)i(only)f(one)h(of)f(the)h -(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f(sets)i(of)e(three)150 245 y(instructions)15 -b(in)f(a)g(lo)q(op,)f(along)g(with)h(some)g(mec)o(hanism)e(to)i(c)o(hange)h -(the)g(storage)f(address)i(and)e(test)i(whether)150 295 y(to)d(reiterate.)19 -b(The)13 b(pro)q(cedure)i(cannot)f(pro)o(vide)e(a)h(negativ)o(e)g(result.)19 -b(If)12 b(the)i(same)e(situation)g(w)o(ere)i(handled)f(b)o(y)150 -345 y(translation,)g(the)h(table)g(w)o(ould)f(not)h(actually)f(start)h(at)g -FE(E1)6 b FJ(|it)13 b(w)o(ould)g(run)h(from)f FE(E1)6 b FJ(+30)13 -b(to)h FE(E1)6 b FJ(+35.)150 518 y FA(2.14)70 b(String)23 b(Editing)771 -484 y Fs(63)150 644 y FJ(The)13 b FC(EDIT)f FJ(instruction)g(implemen)o(ts)e -(more)i(complex)f(op)q(erations)i(on)f(strings)h(than)f(merely)f(mo)o(ving)f -(or)j(trans-)150 694 y(lating;)i(b)q(efore)i(in)o(v)o(estigating)e -FC(EDIT)p FJ(,)g(the)h(reader)h(should)f(b)q(e)h(famili)o(ar)c(with)j(the)h -(general)f(c)o(haracteristics)i(of)150 744 y(strings)11 b(\(and)f(cautions)h -(ab)q(out)g(them\))e(as)i(presen)o(ted)i(at)d(the)h(b)q(eginning)f(of)g -FH(x)p FJ(2.12.)16 b FC(EDIT)10 b FJ(pro)o(vides)h(the)g(facilities)150 -794 y(needed,)j(particularly)e(in)g(COBOL)h(and)f(PL/I,)g(to)h(create)h -(formatted)d(c)o(haracter)j(strings)f(for)f(output.)18 b(T)o(ypical)150 -843 y(features)f(are)f(the)h(abilit)o(y)d(to)i(suppress)h(leading)e(zeros,)i -(insert)g(sp)q(ecial)f(sym)o(b)q(ols)f(suc)o(h)h(as)g(decimal)e(p)q(oin)o(ts) -i(or)150 893 y(currency)d(sym)o(b)q(ols,)d(and)h(recognize)h(di\013eren)o(t)h -(t)o(yp)q(es)f(of)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(for)h(op)q(erations)h(lik)o(e)e -(adding)h(\\CR")f(or)h(\\DB")150 943 y(after)i(them.)k(When)12 -b(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(app)q(ear)g(in)f(running)g(text,)h(leading)f(zeros)i -(are)f(usually)f(deleted;)h(when)g(they)h(are)150 993 y(lined)f(up)h(in)g -(columns)f(\(suc)o(h)h(as)g(in)g(a)f(\014nancial)g(statemen)o(t\),)h(the)g -(practice)h(is)f(to)g(substitute)h(spaces.)150 1078 y FC(EDIT)10 -b FJ(uses)h(the)g(usual)f(source)h(and)f(destination)h(b)o(yte)f(p)q(oin)o -(ters,)h(but)g(no)f(string)g(lengths)g(are)h(giv)o(en.)16 b(Instead)11 -b(the)150 1128 y(source)h(b)o(ytes)f(are)f(pro)q(cessed)j(b)o(y)d(commands)e -(in)i(a)g(pattern)h(command)d(string,)i(whose)h(structure)i(is)d(determined) -150 1178 y(b)o(y)i(the)h(exp)q(ected)i(length)d(of)g(the)h(source.)19 -b(The)13 b(pattern)g(commands)d(are)j(9{bit)f(b)o(ytes)h(pac)o(k)o(ed)g(four) -f(to)g(a)h(w)o(ord.)150 1228 y(They)f(are)f(executed)i(according)e(to)g(a)g -(pattern)h(p)q(oin)o(ter,)g(whic)o(h)f(supplies)g(the)h(address)h(of)d(a)h -(memory)e(lo)q(cation)1916 1213 y Fs(71)150 1278 y FJ(and)k(a)f(2{bit)g(b)o -(yte)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(wherein)i(the)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(0{3)g(iden)o -(tify)g(the)i(b)o(ytes)f(from)e(left)i(to)g(righ)o(t)f(in)g(the)i(w)o(ord.) -150 1328 y(The)g(destination)g(string)g(space)h(is)f(assumed)f(to)h(b)q(e)g -(large)g(enough)g(for)g(whatev)o(er)g(string)g FC(EDIT)g FJ(creates.)150 -1413 y(Av)n(ailable)c(to)h(the)i(pro)q(cedure)g(are)f(a)f(translation)g -(table)h(at)f FE(E1)18 b FJ(lik)o(e)11 b(that)g(of)g FC(MO)o(VST)h -FJ(and)f(a)h(message)f(insertion)150 1463 y(table)j(follo)o(wing)e -FE(E0)6 b FJ(.)19 b FE(E0)6 b FJ(+1)14 b(con)o(tains)h(the)g(\014ll)e(c)o -(haracter|t)o(ypically)h(a)g(space|for)h(suppression)g(of)f(leading)150 -1513 y(zeros;)i(but,)e(if)g(the)i(whole)e(w)o(ord)g(con)o(taining)g(the)h -(\014ll)f(c)o(haracter)i(is)f(zero,)g(the)g(\014ll)f(is)g(not)h(inserted)h -(in)e(the)h(des-)150 1563 y(tination)g(space,)h(th)o(us)h(deleting)e(leading) -g(zeros.)25 b FE(E0)6 b FJ(+2)16 b(con)o(tains)f(a)h(\015oat)f(c)o -(haracter|t)o(ypically)h(a)f(currency)150 1612 y(sym)o(b)q(ol)c(or)j(plus)f -(sign|whic)o(h,)f(if)g(the)i(w)o(ord)f(con)o(taining)g(it)g(is)g(non{zero,)g -(is)g(inserted)i(b)q(efore)f(the)g(\014rst)g(signi\014-)150 -1662 y(can)o(t)h(b)o(yte.)20 b(The)14 b(table)h(can)f(extend)i(to)e -FE(E0)6 b FJ(+100,)14 b(th)o(us)g(supplying)g(an)g(additional)f(sixt)o(y{t)o -(w)o(o)g(c)o(haracters)j(for)150 1712 y(insertion)f(in)g(the)h(string)f(b)q -(eing)g(generated.)24 b(Insert)16 b(c)o(haracters)h(are)e(t)o(ypically)f -(decimal)g(p)q(oin)o(t,)g(comma,)f(\\C")150 1762 y(and)h(\\R",)e(and)i(so)g -(forth.)150 1847 y(F)m(or)20 b(signaling)e(signi\014cance,)k(A)o(C)e(has)g -(an)g FE(S)26 b FJ(bit,)21 b(whic)o(h)f(can)g(b)q(e)h(set)g(from)d(the)j -(translation)e(table)h(when)150 1897 y(signi\014cance)d(starts.)29 -b(A)o(t)17 b(this)g(p)q(oin)o(t)f(the)i(destination)e(string)i(p)q(osition)e -(is)h(mark)o(ed)e(b)o(y)i(storing)g(the)g(curren)o(t)150 1947 -y(v)n(alue)12 b(of)h(the)h(destination)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(at)g(a)g(lo)q -(cation)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)e(a)f(mark)g(address.)19 b(This)13 -b(pro)o(vides)g(a)g(record)i(of)150 1997 y(where)f(signi\014cance)f(started,) -h(so)e(the)i(instruction)f(can)g(go)f(bac)o(k)h(to)f(mak)o(e)g(revisions)h -(if)e(needed)k(after)e(receiving)150 2047 y(more)g(information)e(from)h(the)i -(source.)150 2132 y FC(EDIT)h FJ(is)h(a)f(t)o(w)o(o{w)o(ord)g(instruction,)h -(where)h(the)f(\014rst)g(has)g(the)g FC(EXTEND)g FJ(co)q(de)g(123,)f(and)h -(it)f(uses)i(a)e(blo)q(c)o(k)h(of)150 2182 y(six)e(accum)o(ulators.)j(The)d -(description)h(is)e(accompanied)g(b)o(y)h(a)f(\015o)o(w)o(c)o(hart)h(in)g -(Figure)g(2.3.)p 150 2217 720 2 v 181 2243 a Fr(71)214 2255 -y Fq(When)d Fv(EDIT)h Fq(is)g(executed)d(in)i(section)f(zero,)h(bits)g(6{17)f -(of)i(the)f(pattern)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(should)h(b)q(e)i(zero.)i(When)e -Fv(EDIT)g Fq(is)g(executed)150 2295 y(in)f(a)h(non{zero)d(section,)g(the)i -(pattern)e(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(is)h(a)h(global)e(address.)p eop -%%Page: 164 114 -164 113 bop 0 50 a FJ(164)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)410 123 y FF(Figure)k(2.3:)24 b(EDIT)18 b(Instruction)g(Flo)n -(w)n(c)n(hart)-83 2618 y Fv(HRMF-EDIT.TEX)p 65 365 4 104 v -66 365 a Fu(?)27 248 y Fq(Start)p -49 363 231 4 v -49 467 4 -104 v -32 404 a(Retreiv)o(e)10 b(and)-33 441 y(Deco)q(de)g(\(PP\))p -178 467 V -49 470 231 4 v 495 260 256 4 v 495 343 4 84 v 534 -311 a(PP)p Fj( )p Fq(PP+1)p 747 343 V 495 346 256 4 v 66 304 -432 4 v 66 302 a Fu(\033)p 747 304 1163 4 v 639 w(\033)p 65 -2482 4 2014 v 66 595 208 4 v 232 593 a(-)78 580 y Fq(SELECT)78 -629 y(001)p 271 521 306 4 v 271 662 4 142 v 340 557 a(SP)p -Fj( )p Fq(SP+1)318 598 y(Retreiv)o(e)g(\(SP\))329 642 y(Deco)q(de)g(T)478 -649 y Fa(OP)p 573 662 V 271 665 306 4 v 573 595 382 4 v 953 -2192 4 1599 v 66 761 187 4 v 212 759 a Fu(-)78 746 y Fq(SIGST)78 -795 y(002)343 771 y(S)253 759 y Fu(\010)295 739 y(\010)311 -730 y(\010)253 780 y(H)295 801 y(H)311 809 y(H)411 759 y(H)369 -739 y(H)353 730 y(H)411 780 y(\010)369 801 y(\010)353 809 y(\010)p -452 761 420 4 v 830 759 a(-)p 870 2295 4 1536 v 1536 x(?)464 -745 y Fq(1)p 351 863 4 54 v 353 863 a Fu(?)376 837 y Fq(0)p -204 862 298 4 v 204 928 4 67 v 220 903 a(S)p Fj( )p Fq(1;)h(\(MA\))p -Fj( )p Fq(DP)p 498 928 V 204 931 298 4 v 351 984 4 54 v 353 -984 a Fu(?)294 1041 y Fs(\()p Fh(E0)t Fq(+2)p Fs(\))253 1033 -y Fu(\010)295 1013 y(\010)311 1004 y(\010)253 1054 y(H)295 -1075 y(H)311 1083 y(H)411 1033 y(H)369 1013 y(H)353 1004 y(H)411 -1054 y(\010)369 1075 y(\010)353 1083 y(\010)p 452 1035 84 4 -v 494 1033 a(-)464 1017 y Fj(6)p Fq(=)f(0)p 532 974 281 4 v -532 1090 4 117 v 581 1019 a(DP)p Fj( )p Fq(DP+1)548 1059 y(\(DP\))p -Fj( )p Fq(\()p Fh(E0)p Fq(+2\))777 1066 y Fa(D)p 809 1090 V -532 1093 281 4 v 809 1035 63 4 v 830 1033 a Fu(-)p 351 1133 -4 50 v 376 1119 a Fq(=)h(0)p 353 1135 519 4 v 830 1133 a Fu(-)p -66 1238 208 4 v 232 1236 a(-)p 271 1194 318 4 v 271 1277 4 -84 v 290 1243 a Fq(S)p Fj( )p Fq(0;)g(M)p Fj( )p Fq(0;)g(N)p -Fj( )p Fq(0)p 585 1277 V 271 1280 318 4 v 78 1223 a(FLDSEP)78 -1272 y(003)p 585 1238 287 4 v 830 1236 a Fu(-)p 66 1384 208 -4 v 232 1382 a(-)p 271 1339 318 4 v 271 1422 4 84 v 343 1389 -a Fq(DP)p Fj($)p Fq(\(MA\))p 585 1422 V 271 1425 318 4 v 78 -1369 a(EX)o(CHMD)78 1418 y(004)p 585 1384 287 4 v 830 1382 -a Fu(-)p 66 1508 806 4 v 830 1506 a(-)78 1493 y Fq(NOP)78 1542 -y(005)p 66 1633 187 4 v 212 1631 a Fu(-)78 1618 y Fq(MESSA)o(G)78 -1667 y(1XX)343 1643 y(S)253 1631 y Fu(\010)295 1610 y(\010)311 -1602 y(\010)253 1652 y(H)295 1673 y(H)311 1681 y(H)411 1631 -y(H)369 1610 y(H)353 1602 y(H)411 1652 y(\010)369 1673 y(\010)353 -1681 y(\010)p 452 1633 42 4 v 452 1631 a(-)452 1609 y Fq(1)p -491 1571 343 4 v 491 1688 4 117 v 571 1616 a(DP)p Fj( )p Fq(DP+1)498 -1657 y(\(DP\))p Fj( )p Fq(\()p Fh(E0)p Fq(+XX+1\))806 1664 -y Fa(D)p 830 1688 V 491 1691 343 4 v 830 1633 42 4 v 830 1631 -a Fu(-)p 351 1756 4 75 v 353 1756 a(?)376 1717 y Fq(0)294 1813 -y Fs(\()p Fh(E0)t Fq(+1)p Fs(\))253 1806 y Fu(\010)295 1785 -y(\010)311 1776 y(\010)253 1826 y(H)295 1847 y(H)311 1855 y(H)411 -1806 y(H)369 1785 y(H)353 1776 y(H)411 1826 y(\010)369 1847 -y(\010)353 1855 y(\010)p 452 1807 84 4 v 494 1805 a(-)452 1789 -y Fj(6)p Fq(=)g(0)p 532 1746 281 4 v 532 1862 4 117 v 581 1791 -a(DP)p Fj( )p Fq(DP+1)548 1831 y(\(DP\))p Fj( )p Fq(\()p Fh(E0)p -Fq(+1\))777 1838 y Fa(D)p 809 1862 V 532 1865 281 4 v 809 1807 -63 4 v 830 1805 a Fu(-)p 351 1905 4 50 v 376 1883 a Fq(=)g(0)p -353 1907 519 4 v 830 1905 a Fu(-)p 66 2048 187 4 v 212 2046 -a(-)78 2033 y Fq(SKPM)78 2083 y(5XX)337 2058 y(M)253 2046 y -Fu(\010)295 2026 y(\010)311 2017 y(\010)253 2067 y(H)295 2088 -y(H)311 2096 y(H)411 2046 y(H)369 2026 y(H)353 2017 y(H)411 -2067 y(\010)369 2088 y(\010)353 2096 y(\010)p 452 2048 420 -4 v 830 2046 a(-)464 2032 y Fq(0)p 351 2171 4 75 v 353 2171 -a Fu(?)365 2132 y Fq(1)p 66 2172 432 4 v 457 2170 a Fu(-)78 -2157 y Fq(SKP)m(A)78 2207 y(7XX)p 495 2128 298 4 v 495 2211 -4 84 v 515 2179 a(PP)p Fj( )p Fq(PP+XX+1)p 789 2211 V 495 2214 -298 4 v 789 2172 84 4 v 830 2170 a Fu(-)p 66 2297 187 4 v 212 -2295 a(-)78 2282 y Fq(SKPN)78 2332 y(6XX)340 2307 y(N)253 2295 -y Fu(\010)295 2275 y(\010)311 2266 y(\010)253 2316 y(H)295 -2337 y(H)311 2345 y(H)411 2295 y(H)369 2275 y(H)353 2266 y(H)411 -2316 y(\010)369 2337 y(\010)353 2345 y(\010)p 351 2246 4 75 -v 353 2212 a(6)365 2231 y Fq(1)p 452 2297 1458 4 v 1868 2295 -a Fu(-)464 2281 y Fq(0)p 1908 2295 4 1993 v 1910 344 a Fu(6)p -66 2484 208 4 v 232 2482 a(-)78 2469 y Fq(STOP)78 2518 y(000)p -271 2431 306 4 v 271 2530 4 100 v 335 2471 a(PP)p Fj( )p Fq(PP+1)334 -2509 y(PC)p Fj( )p Fq(PC+1)p 573 2530 V 271 2533 306 4 v 573 -2484 167 4 v 697 2482 a Fu(-)733 2542 y Ft(\032\031)733 2426 -y(\033\030)754 2493 y Fq(END)p 955 969 333 4 v 1245 967 a Fu(-)967 -953 y Fq(0)1377 978 y(S)1287 967 y Fu(\010)1328 946 y(\010)1345 -938 y(\010)1287 988 y(H)1328 1008 y(H)1345 1017 y(H)1445 967 -y(H)1403 946 y(H)1386 938 y(H)1445 988 y(\010)1403 1008 y(\010)1386 -1017 y(\010)p 1486 969 133 4 v 1577 967 a(-)1498 953 y Fq(1)p -1616 916 215 4 v 1616 1015 4 100 v 1632 952 a(DP)p Fj( )p Fq(DP+1)1643 -993 y(\(DP\))p Fj( )p Fq(T)1782 1000 y Fa(D)p 1826 1015 V 1616 -1018 215 4 v 1826 969 84 4 v 1868 967 a Fu(-)p 1385 1092 4 -75 v 1386 1092 a(?)1398 1044 y Fq(0)1328 1149 y Fs(\()p Fh(E0)t -Fq(+1)p Fs(\))1287 1141 y Fu(\010)1328 1121 y(\010)1345 1112 -y(\010)1287 1162 y(H)1328 1183 y(H)1345 1191 y(H)1445 1141 -y(H)1403 1121 y(H)1386 1112 y(H)1445 1162 y(\010)1403 1183 -y(\010)1386 1191 y(\010)p 1486 1143 424 4 v 1868 1141 a(-)1486 -1127 y Fq(=)f(0)p 1385 1258 4 67 v 1398 1216 a Fj(6)p Fq(=)g(0)p -1386 1259 108 4 v 41 x Fu(-)p 1491 1206 339 4 v 1491 1306 4 -100 v 1569 1243 a Fq(DP)p Fj( )p Fq(DP+1)1534 1284 y(\(DP\))p -Fj( )p Fq(\()p Fh(E0)t Fq(+1\))1767 1291 y Fa(D)p 1826 1306 -V 1491 1309 339 4 v 1826 1259 84 4 v 1868 1257 a Fu(-)p 955 -1093 V 996 1091 a(-)967 1077 y Fq(2)p 1034 1048 111 4 v 1034 -1131 4 84 v 1047 1101 a(M)p Fj( )p Fq(0)p 1142 1131 V 1034 -1134 111 4 v 1142 1093 84 4 v 1183 1091 a Fu(-)p 955 1218 V -996 1216 a(-)967 1202 y Fq(3)p 1034 1173 111 4 v 1034 1256 -4 84 v 1047 1226 a(M)p Fj( )p Fq(1)p 1142 1256 V 1034 1259 -111 4 v 1142 1218 84 4 v 1183 1216 a Fu(-)p 1223 1216 4 250 -v -208 x(6)p 955 1467 84 4 v 996 1465 a(-)967 1451 y Fq(4)p -1034 1422 111 4 v 1034 1505 4 84 v 1050 1475 a(N)p Fj( )p Fq(1)p -1142 1505 V 1034 1508 111 4 v 1142 1467 146 4 v 1245 1465 a -Fu(-)1377 1476 y Fq(S)1287 1465 y Fu(\010)1328 1444 y(\010)1345 -1436 y(\010)1287 1486 y(H)1328 1507 y(H)1345 1515 y(H)1445 -1465 y(H)1403 1444 y(H)1386 1436 y(H)1445 1486 y(\010)1403 -1507 y(\010)1386 1515 y(\010)p 1486 1467 133 4 v 1577 1465 -a(-)1498 1451 y Fq(1)p 1616 1414 215 4 v 1616 1513 4 100 v -1632 1450 a(DP)p Fj( )p Fq(DP+1)1643 1491 y(\(DP\))p Fj( )p -Fq(T)1782 1498 y Fa(D)p 1826 1513 V 1616 1516 215 4 v 1826 -1467 84 4 v 1868 1465 a Fu(-)p 1385 1590 4 75 v 1386 1590 a(?)1398 -1542 y Fq(0)p 1259 1588 256 4 v 1259 1671 4 84 v 1350 1618 -a(S)p Fj( )p Fq(1)1300 1655 y(\(MA\))p Fj( )p Fq(DP)p 1511 -1671 V 1259 1674 256 4 v 1385 1735 4 63 v 1386 1735 a Fu(?)1328 -1792 y Fs(\()p Fh(E0)t Fq(+2)p Fs(\))1287 1785 y Fu(\010)1328 -1764 y(\010)1345 1756 y(\010)1287 1806 y(H)1328 1826 y(H)1345 -1835 y(H)1445 1785 y(H)1403 1764 y(H)1386 1756 y(H)1445 1806 -y(\010)1403 1826 y(\010)1386 1835 y(\010)p 1486 1786 84 4 v -1528 1784 a(-)1486 1771 y Fq(=)g(0)p 1385 1897 4 63 v 1386 -1897 a Fu(?)1398 1859 y Fj(6)p Fq(=)g(0)p 1238 1895 298 4 v -1238 1995 4 100 v 1295 1932 a(DP)p Fj( )p Fq(DP+1)1260 1973 -y(\(DP\))p Fj( )p Fq(\()p Fh(E0)t Fq(+2\))1493 1980 y Fa(D)p -1532 1995 V 1238 1998 298 4 v 1385 2038 4 42 v 1386 2040 183 -4 v 1528 2038 a Fu(-)p 1567 2038 4 573 v 1569 1507 a(6)p 955 -1591 84 4 v 996 1589 a(-)967 1575 y Fq(6)p 1034 1546 111 4 -v 1034 1630 4 84 v 1047 1582 a(M)p Fj( )p Fq(0)1050 1617 y(N)p -Fj( )p Fq(1)p 1142 1630 V 1034 1633 111 4 v 1142 1591 84 4 -v 1183 1589 a Fu(-)p 955 1716 V 996 1714 a(-)967 1700 y Fq(7)p -1034 1671 111 4 v 1034 1754 4 84 v 1047 1706 a(M)p Fj( )p Fq(1)1050 -1741 y(N)p Fj( )p Fq(1)p 1142 1754 V 1034 1757 111 4 v 1142 -1716 84 4 v 1183 1714 a Fu(-)p 1223 1714 4 250 v -207 x(6)p -955 2110 84 4 v 996 2108 a(-)967 2094 y Fq(5)p 1034 2065 111 -4 v 1034 2148 4 84 v 1050 2118 a(N)p Fj( )p Fq(1)p 1142 2148 -V 1034 2151 111 4 v 1142 2110 84 4 v 1223 2192 4 84 v 1225 -2192 a Fu(?)p 955 2193 328 4 v 1241 2191 a(-)967 2177 y Fq(1)p -1279 2148 215 4 v 1279 2231 4 84 v 1298 2200 a(PP)p Fj( )p -Fq(PP+1)p 1490 2231 V 1279 2234 215 4 v 1490 2193 167 4 v 1615 -2191 a Fu(-)1650 2251 y Ft(\032\031)1650 2135 y(\033)q(\030)1672 -2203 y Fq(END)1038 386 y(PP)35 b(P)o(attern)10 b(P)o(oin)o(ter)g(in)h(A)o(C) -1038 427 y(SP)39 b(Source)10 b(P)o(oin)o(ter)g(in)h(A)o(C+1,A)o(C+2)1038 -469 y(MA)25 b(Mark)11 b(Address)g(in)g(A)o(C+3)1038 510 y(DP)32 -b(Destination)9 b(P)o(oin)o(ter)h(in)h(A)o(C+4,A)o(C+5)1038 -552 y(D)56 b(A)12 b(subscript:)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)c(of)j(bits)e(at)i(the)e -(righ)o(t)1121 593 y(equal)g(to)h(the)g(size)g(of)g(a)g(destination)e(b)o -(yte.)1038 635 y(T)58 b(T)m(ranslation)9 b(function:)1121 676 -y(\()p Fh(E1)t Fq(+\(SP\)/2\))1330 682 y Fa(L)1358 676 y Fq(if)i(\(SP\))g(ev) -o(en)1121 718 y(\()p Fh(E1)t Fq(+[\(SP\){1]/2\))1386 724 y -Fa(R)1416 718 y Fq(if)g(\(SP\))g(o)q(dd)1038 759 y(T)1063 765 -y Fa(OP)1121 759 y Fq(Op)q(co)q(de)f(part)h(of)g(T)h(\(left)f(3)g(bits\))1038 -801 y(T)1063 807 y Fa(D)1121 801 y Fq(Data)g(part)f(of)h(T)h(\(righ)o(t)e(D)i -(bits\))1038 842 y(XX)31 b(Righ)o(t)10 b(6)i(bits)f(of)g(P)o(attern)f(Byte)p -eop -%%Page: 165 115 -165 114 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.14.)31 b(STRING)13 b(EDITING)1260 -b FJ(165)p 150 384 1495 4 v 150 309 V 148 382 4 75 v 1643 382 -V 688 382 V 729 382 V 896 382 V 162 413 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 359 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 413 -y Fq(8)p 522 382 V 24 w(9)591 359 y FE(A)150 275 y Fk(EDIT)207 -b(Edit)19 b(String)306 358 y FJ(123)p 276 533 1495 4 v 276 -458 V 274 531 4 75 v 1769 531 V 814 531 V 855 531 V 1021 531 -V 288 712 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)824 -508 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)620 712 y Fq(8)p 648 531 V 23 w(9)712 -507 y FJ(00)-322 b(004)151 508 y FE(E0)151 581 y(E0)6 b FJ(+1)151 -656 y FE(E0)g FJ(+2)1531 583 y(Fill)1514 658 y(Float)1790 512 -y(Bits)15 b(9{12)e(=)h(0)215 721 y FG(.)215 746 y(.)215 771 -y(.)p 275 607 1495 2 v 274 606 2 75 v 1769 606 V 1354 606 2 -9 v 1354 589 V 1354 573 V 1354 556 V 1354 540 V 275 682 1495 -2 v 274 681 2 75 v 1769 681 V 1354 681 2 9 v 1354 664 V 1354 -648 V 1354 631 V 1354 614 V 150 907 a FJ(T)m(o)g(edit)i(a)e(source)j(string,) -e(execute)i(the)e(commands)e(in)i(the)g(pattern)h(string,)f(emplo)o(ying)e(b) -o(yte)i(substitutions)150 957 y(from)g(a)i(translation)f(table)h(at)g -FE(E1)23 b FJ(and)17 b(inserting)g(c)o(haracters)i(from)c(a)i(message)g -(insertion)g(table)g(at)f FE(E0)6 b FJ(+1;)150 1007 y(place)14 -b(the)g(result)h(in)f(the)g(destination)g(string)g(space.)19 -b(Source,)14 b(destination,)f(and)h(pattern)h(are)f(de\014ned)h(b)o(y)e(the) -150 1057 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(of)e(a)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(of)h(six)f(accum)o -(ulators.)150 1315 y FC(A)o(C)150 1388 y(A)o(C+1)150 1462 y(A)o(C+2)150 -1537 y(A)o(C+3)150 1612 y(A)o(C+4)150 1686 y(A)o(C+5)p 275 -1265 1495 4 v 275 1339 V 275 1414 84 4 v 1686 1414 V 275 1489 -1495 4 v 275 1563 V 275 1638 84 4 v 1686 1638 V 275 1713 1495 -4 v 273 1711 4 449 v 1767 1711 V 314 1338 4 75 v 279 1314 a -FE(S)p 356 1338 V 15 w(N)p 397 1338 V 8 w(M)327 1744 y FI(1)23 -b(2)f(3)p 439 1338 V 409 1314 a FC(0)p 522 1338 V 306 1194 -a(P)o(attern)15 b(Byte)f(Numb)q(er)478 1279 y Fu(\005)483 1246 -y(\005)948 1311 y FC(P)o(attern)g(String)g(Address)1797 1315 -y(Bit)f(3)h(=)g(0)p 522 1562 V 378 1538 a(00)1027 1539 y(Ma)o(rk)g(Address) -533 b(Bits)13 b(0{5)g(=)h(0)452 1744 y FI(4)22 b(5)i(6)1150 -b(35)788 1423 y FC(Source)15 b(String)f(Byte)g(P)o(ointer)747 -1647 y(Destination)h(String)f(Byte)g(P)o(ointer)286 1744 y -FI(0)150 1888 y FJ(De\014nitions:)31 b(Initially)19 b(the)i(pattern)h(p)q -(oin)o(ter,)g(whic)o(h)f(comprises)f(the)i(pattern)f(string)g(address)h(and)f -(b)o(yte)150 1938 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)12 b(p)q(oin)o(ts)g(to)g(the)h(\014rst)h -(pattern)f(command.)i(P)o(attern)e(b)o(yte)g(coun)o(ting)f(is)h(e\013ected)h -(b)o(y)f(incremen)o(ting)e(the)150 1988 y(b)o(yte)17 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -(unless)h(it)f(is)h(3,)f(in)g(whic)o(h)h(case)g(it)f(is)h(c)o(hanged)g(to)f -(0)g(and)h(the)g(address)h(is)e(incremen)o(ted.)27 b(The)150 -2037 y(address)13 b(is)e(limited)e(to)i(bits)g(18{35)f(if)h(the)h(program)e -(is)h(running)g(in)g(section)h(zero.)18 b(The)11 b(mark)f(address)j(is)e -(simply)150 2087 y(the)17 b(address)g(of)e(the)i(\014rst)f(in)g(a)f(pair)h -(of)f(lo)q(cations)h(for)f(receiving)i(the)f(destination)g(string)g(b)o(yte)g -(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(as)g(a)150 2137 y(mark.)f(Of)c(course,)h(if)e(the)h -(destination)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(is)g(lo)q(cal,)f(only)f(one)i(lo)q(cation)f -(is)g(used)i(to)e(store)i(it.)17 b(F)m(urthermore,)150 2187 -y(if)11 b(the)h(program)e(is)h(running)g(in)h(section)g(zero,)g(the)g(mark)e -(address)j(is)f(limited)d(to)i(bits)h(18{35)e(and)i(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(p)q(oin)o -(ts)150 2237 y(to)j(a)h(single)f(lo)q(cation.)k(In)d(the)g(follo)o(wing,)d -(an)o(y)i(reference)j(to)d(reading)h(a)f(source)i(b)o(yte)f(shall)f(b)q(e)h -(tak)o(en)g(to)f(mean)150 2287 y(that)h(the)h(source)h(string)e(b)o(yte)h(p)q -(oin)o(ter)g(is)f(incremen)o(ted)g(\014rst,)h(and)f(an)o(y)g(reference)j(to)d -(placing)g(a)g(c)o(haracter)h(in)150 2336 y(the)g(next)g(p)q(osition)e(in)h -(the)h(destination)f(string)g(space)h(shall)f(b)q(e)g(tak)o(en)h(to)f(mean)f -(that)h(the)h(destination)f(string)150 2386 y(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(is)g -(incremen)o(ted)g(\014rst.)150 2472 y(Execute)j(the)f(pattern)h(command)12 -b(sp)q(eci\014ed)18 b(b)o(y)d(the)h(pattern)g(p)q(oin)o(ter.)24 -b(A)o(t)15 b(the)h(completion)e(of)h(an)o(y)g(pattern)150 2522 -y(command,)7 b(unless)k(the)f(edit)g(has)g(b)q(een)h(ended)g(b)o(y)f(a)f -(STOP)h(command)d(or)j(a)g(terminating)e(translation)h(function,)150 -2571 y(incremen)o(t)j(the)i(pattern)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(and)g(execute)h(the)g -(pattern)f(command)d(then)j(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)d(it.)17 -b(There)d(are)f(ten)150 2621 y(suc)o(h)i(commands,)c(as)j(follo)o(ws)e(\(all) -h(other)h(command)d(b)o(ytes)k(are)f(reserv)o(ed)i(and)e(m)o(ust)f(not)g(b)q -(e)i(used\).)p eop -%%Page: 166 116 -166 115 bop 0 50 a FJ(166)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 255 y FC(SELECT)p 297 203 377 2 v 297 277 -2 75 v 455 253 a FJ(001)p 672 277 V 297 279 377 2 v 311 310 -a Fq(0)314 b(8)710 251 y FE(Sele)n(ct)15 b(Next)f(Sour)n(c)n(e)i(Byte)0 -430 y FJ(Read)i(the)h(next)g(b)o(yte)g(from)d(the)j(source)h(string)e(and)g -(carry)h(out)f(the)h(corresp)q(onding)h(translation)d(function)0 -480 y(giv)o(en)e(in)g(the)h(appropriate)f(half{w)o(ord)f(at)h(lo)q(cation)g -FE(E1)6 b FJ(+)p FH(b)p Fz(B)r(=)p FJ(2)p FH(c)16 b FJ(in)f(the)h -(translation)f(table,)g(where)h FE(B)k FJ(is)15 b(the)0 530 -y(v)n(alue)e(of)h(the)g(source)h(b)o(yte.)k(Eac)o(h)14 b(w)o(ord)g(in)f(the)h -(table)g(has)g(this)g(format.)p 0 745 1495 4 v -2 744 4 100 -v 0 646 1495 4 v 1493 744 4 100 v 123 756 4 13 v 247 756 V -372 756 V 496 756 V 621 756 V 746 764 4 21 v 870 756 4 13 v -995 756 V 1119 756 V 1244 756 V 1368 756 V 96 774 a Fs(2)p -123 744 4 100 v -101 w(0)p -2 744 V 37 684 a FI(Op)19 730 y(Co)q(de)834 -774 y Fs(20)p 870 744 V -117 w(18)p 746 744 V 784 684 a FI(Op)766 -730 y(Co)q(de)177 706 y(0)710 774 y Fs(17)p 746 744 V -482 -w(6)p 247 744 V 336 678 a FI(Substitute)h(for)e(Byte)335 726 -y(\(Maxim)o(um)i(12)e(bits\))924 706 y(0)1457 774 y Fs(35)p -1493 744 V -491 w(24)p 995 744 V 1083 678 a FI(Substitute)i(for)e(Byte)1083 -726 y(\(Maxim)o(um)h(12)f(bits\))100 624 y(T)m(ranslation)i(F)m(unction)g -(for)d(Ev)o(en)i Fd(B)206 b FI(T)m(ranslation)15 b(F)m(unction)g(for)d(Odd)i -Fd(B)1533 703 y FI(Lo)q(cation)g Fd(E1)5 b FI(+)p Fc(b)p Fb(B)r(=)p -FI(2)p Fc(c)0 871 y FJ(P)o(erform)13 b(the)h(function)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o -(y)f(the)g(op)g(co)q(de)g(in)g(the)g(half{w)o(ord)f(corresp)q(onding)h(to)g -(the)h(source)g(b)o(yte)f(as)0 921 y(follo)o(ws.)0 988 y(0)81 -b(If)14 b FE(S)19 b FJ(is)c(1,)e(place)i(the)g(substitute)h(in)e(the)h(next)g -(p)q(osition)f(in)f(the)j(destination)e(string)g(space.)21 -b(Otherwise,)102 1038 y(if)13 b(lo)q(cation)g FE(E0)6 b FJ(+1)14 -b(is)f(non{zero,)h(place)g(the)h(\014ll)e(c)o(haracter)i(from)d(it)i(in)f -(the)i(next)f(destination)g(p)q(osition.)0 1124 y(1)81 b(Incremen)o(t)14 -b(the)g(pattern)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(and)g(go)f(on)h(to)g(the)g(next)g -(instruction.)0 1209 y(2)81 b(Clear)14 b FE(M)20 b FJ(and)14 -b(then)h(p)q(erform)e(function)g(0.)0 1295 y(3)81 b(Set)14 -b FE(M)21 b FJ(and)14 b(then)g(p)q(erform)f(function)h(0.)0 -1380 y(4)81 b(Set)19 b FE(N)7 b FJ(.)18 b(If)h FE(S)24 b FJ(is)19 -b(1,)h(place)f(the)g(substitute)i(in)d(the)i(next)f(p)q(osition)f(in)h(the)h -(destination)e(string)h(space.)102 1430 y(Otherwise,)13 b(do)f(the)h(follo)o -(wing:)i(set)e FE(S)5 b FJ(;)12 b(put)g(the)h(curren)o(t)h(v)n(alue)e(of)f -(the)i(destination)f(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(at)g(the)102 -1480 y(lo)q(cation)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)e(the)h(mark)e(address;)i(if)f -(lo)q(cation)f FE(E0)6 b FJ(+2)15 b(is)h(non{zero,)f(put)h(the)g(\015oat)f(c) -o(haracter)102 1530 y(from)i(it)i(in)g(the)h(next)g(destination)g(p)q -(osition;)h(then)f(place)f(the)h(substitute)h(in)e(the)h(next)g(destination) -102 1580 y(p)q(osition)13 b(after)h(that.)0 1665 y(5)81 b(Set)14 -b FE(N)7 b FJ(,)13 b(incremen)o(t)h(the)g(pattern)h(p)q(oin)o(ter,)f(and)f -(go)h(on)f(to)h(the)h(next)f(instruction.)0 1751 y(6)81 b(Clear)14 -b FE(M)20 b FJ(and)14 b(then)h(p)q(erform)e(function)g(4.)0 -1836 y(7)81 b(Set)14 b FE(M)21 b FJ(and)14 b(then)g(p)q(erform)f(function)h -(4.)0 1940 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)20 b(The)c(translation)e(table)h(starts)h(at)f -(lo)q(cation)f FE(E1)6 b FJ(,)14 b(and,)h(since)h(there)g(are)f(t)o(w)o(o)g -(functions)g(p)q(er)h(w)o(ord,)e(it)0 1990 y(con)o(tains)e(2)182 -1974 y Fw(n)p Fp(\000)p Fs(1)258 1990 y FJ(lo)q(cations,)g(where)h -Fz(n)e FJ(is)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(bits)f(in)h(a)f(b)o(yte.)18 -b(The)12 b(address)h(is)f(generated)h(b)o(y)f(adding)0 2039 -y(the)i(left)g Fz(n)9 b FH(\000)h FJ(1)j(bits)h(of)g(a)f(b)o(yte)h(to)g -FE(E1)6 b FJ(.)0 2189 y FC(SIGST)p 297 2136 377 2 v 297 2211 -2 75 v 455 2187 a FJ(002)p 672 2211 V 297 2213 377 2 v 311 -2243 a Fq(0)314 b(8)710 2185 y FE(Start)14 b(Signi\014c)n(anc)n(e)0 -2364 y FJ(If)i FE(S)21 b FJ(is)16 b(0,)g(do)g(the)h(follo)o(wing:)j(set)d -FE(S)5 b FJ(;)17 b(put)f(the)h(curren)o(t)g(v)n(alue)f(of)g(the)g -(destination)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(at)g(the)h(lo)q(cation)0 2414 -y(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)d(the)i(mark)e(address;)i(if)e(lo)q(cation)g -FE(E0)6 b FJ(+2)15 b(is)g(non{zero,)h(put)f(the)h(\015oat)e(c)o(haracter)j -(from)c(it)i(in)f(the)0 2463 y(next)g(destination)g(p)q(osition.)0 -2549 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)23 b(A)16 b(t)o(ypical)f(use)i(of)f(this)g(command)d -(migh)o(t)h(b)q(e)j(b)q(efore)g(a)e(\014nal)h(c)o(haracter)h(to)f(guaran)o -(tee)h(that)f(zero)h(is)0 2599 y(represen)o(ted)f(b)o(y)d(one)g(\\0")f(or,)h -(if)g(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(cen)o(ts)j(is)e(00004,)e(to)i(put)g(in)g -(a)g(decimal)e(p)q(oin)o(t)i(and)g(generate)h(a)p eop -%%Page: 167 117 -167 116 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.14.)31 b(STRING)13 b(EDITING)1260 -b FJ(167)150 195 y(result)15 b(of)e(.04.)150 335 y FC(MESSA)o(G+)p -FE(n)p 447 284 377 2 v 447 359 2 75 v 822 359 V 447 361 377 -2 v 501 336 a FJ(1)p 573 360 2 75 v 686 331 a FE(n)461 391 -y Fq(0)65 b(2)23 b(3)190 b(8)860 333 y FE(Insert)14 b(Message)i(Char)n(acter) -150 512 y FJ(If)c FE(S)18 b FJ(is)13 b(1,)f(place)h(the)g(c)o(haracter)h -(from)d FE(E0)6 b FJ(+)p Fz(n)j FJ(+)h(1)i(in)g(the)i(next)f(destination)f(p) -q(osition.)17 b(Otherwise,)d(if)e(lo)q(cation)150 561 y FE(E0)6 -b FJ(+1)14 b(is)g(non{zero,)g(place)g(the)g(\014ll)f(c)o(haracter)i(from)d -(it)i(in)f(the)i(next)f(destination)g(p)q(osition.)150 711 -y FC(FLDSEP)p 447 658 377 2 v 447 733 2 75 v 605 709 a FJ(003)p -822 733 V 447 735 377 2 v 461 765 a Fq(0)314 b(8)860 707 y -FE(Sep)n(ar)n(ate)15 b(Fields)150 886 y FJ(Clear)f FE(S)5 b -FJ(,)13 b FE(M)7 b FJ(,)14 b(and)g FE(N)7 b FJ(.)150 971 y -FE(Notes)s FJ(:)18 b(Essen)o(tially)13 b(this)h(instruction)f(causes)i(the)f -(pro)q(cedure)h(to)e(start)h(o)o(v)o(er)g(on)f(a)g(new)h(substring.)k(A)c(t)o -(ypical)150 1021 y(use)h(w)o(ould)e(b)q(e)i(in)f(handling)f(a)g(series)j(of)d -(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(\(separated)i(b)o(y)e(some)f(c)o(haracter\))i(where)h -(one)e(w)o(ould)f(w)o(an)o(t)150 1071 y(to)h(suppress)i(leading)d(zeros)i(in) -e(all)g(of)g(them.)150 1221 y FC(EX)o(CHMD)p 447 1168 V 447 -1243 2 75 v 605 1219 a FJ(004)p 822 1243 V 447 1245 377 2 v -461 1275 a Fq(0)314 b(8)860 1217 y FE(Exchange)16 b(Mark)f(and)h(Destination) -f(Pointers)150 1395 y FJ(In)o(terc)o(hange)k(the)g(destination)e(p)q(oin)o -(ter)i(presen)o(tly)g(held)f(in)f(A)o(C+4,A)o(C+5)h(with)f(the)i(mark)d(p)q -(oin)o(ter)j(at)e(the)150 1445 y(lo)q(cation)c(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f(the)h -(mark)d(address.)150 1531 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)k(This)10 b(mak)o(es)f(it)h(p)q -(ossible)g(to)g(go)g(bac)o(k)g(to)f(where)j(signi\014cance)e(b)q(egan)g(in)g -(order)h(to)f(revise)g(the)h(destination)150 1581 y(string)j(in)f(ligh)o(t)g -(of)g(further)h(pro)q(cessing)h(of)e(the)i(source,)f(but)g(at)g(the)g(same)f -(time)g(sa)o(ving)f(the)j(presen)o(t)g(p)q(osition.)150 1630 -y(A)f(return)h(forw)o(ard)e(can)i(b)q(e)f(made)f(simply)f(b)o(y)h(rep)q -(eating)i(the)f(instruction.)150 1716 y(It)g(is)f(unlik)o(ely)f(to)i(b)q(e)g -(v)o(ery)f(useful)h(for)f(the)h(programmer)d(to)j(set)g(up)g(an)f(initial)e -(mark)h(p)q(oin)o(ter.)19 b(In)13 b(an)o(y)g(normal)150 1766 -y(pro)q(cedure,)f(a)d(mark)f(is)i(created)h(from)c(the)k(destination)e(p)q -(oin)o(ter)h(and)f(is)g(simply)f(a)h(particular)g(state)i(of)e(it.)16 -b(Hence,)150 1816 y(the)g(destination)g(and)f(mark)f(p)q(oin)o(ters)i(ha)o(v) -o(e)g(the)g(same)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(w)o(ords.)23 b(The)16 -b(result)g(is)g(indeterminate)f(if)150 1865 y(the)f(programmer)e(delib)q -(erately)i(sets)h(up)f(mark)f(and)g(destination)h(p)q(oin)o(ters)h(of)e -(di\013eren)o(t)i(t)o(yp)q(es.)150 2013 y FC(SKPM+)p FE(n)p -447 1962 V 447 2037 2 75 v 822 2037 V 447 2039 377 2 v 501 -2014 a FJ(5)p 573 2038 2 75 v 686 2010 a FE(n)461 2069 y Fq(0)65 -b(2)23 b(3)190 b(8)860 2011 y FE(Skip)15 b(on)g(M)150 2190 -y FJ(If)h FE(M)23 b FJ(is)16 b(1,)g(skip)g(o)o(v)o(er)h(the)f(next)h -Fz(n)11 b FJ(+)g(1)16 b(pattern)h(commands)d(b)o(y)i(incremen)o(ting)f(the)i -(pattern)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)f Fz(n)11 b FJ(+)g(1)150 2240 y(times.)150 -2325 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)17 b FE(M)g FJ(is)11 b(generally)f(used)i(as)e(a)h -(min)o(us)e(sign)h(\(i.e.,)g(to)g(indicate)h(a)f(string)h(is)f(negativ)o -(e\),)h(but)g(the)g(programmer)150 2375 y(can)j(use)h(it)f(for)g(an)o(y)g -(purp)q(ose.)19 b(A)c(t)o(ypical)e(use)i(w)o(ould)e(b)q(e)i(to)f(determine)g -(whether)h(\\CR")f(or)g(\\DB")f(should)h(b)q(e)150 2425 y(inserted)h(after)f -(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)p eop -%%Page: 168 118 -168 117 bop 0 50 a FJ(168)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 253 y FC(SKPN+)p FE(n)p 297 203 377 2 v 297 -277 2 75 v 672 277 V 297 279 377 2 v 351 254 a FJ(6)p 423 278 -2 75 v 536 250 a FE(n)311 310 y Fq(0)65 b(2)23 b(3)190 b(8)710 -251 y FE(Skip)15 b(on)g(N)0 430 y FJ(If)h FE(N)23 b FJ(is)17 -b(1,)f(skip)h(o)o(v)o(er)f(the)h(next)h Fz(n)10 b FJ(+)i(1)k(pattern)h -(commands)e(b)o(y)h(incremen)o(ting)g(the)h(pattern)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g -Fz(n)11 b FJ(+)g(1)0 480 y(times.)0 565 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)24 -b FE(N)f FJ(is)16 b(generally)g(set)h(to)g(mean)e(the)i(string)g(is)f -(non{zero,)h(but)g(the)g(programmer)d(can)j(use)g(it)f(for)g(an)o(y)0 -615 y(purp)q(ose.)37 b(Supp)q(ose)21 b(w)o(e)f(wish)g(to)g(output)g(a)g -(blank)f(on)h(zero,)h(but)f(use)h(of)f(SIGST)f(to)h(handle)g(cen)o(ts{only)0 -665 y(quan)o(tities)13 b(has)g(pro)q(duced)h(\\.00".)i(W)m(e)c(could)h(use)g -(SKPN)h(after)f(the)g(last)g(source)h(b)o(yte,)f(so)g(that,)f(if)g(the)i -(output)0 715 y(is)g(non{zero,)g(w)o(e)g(w)o(ould)f(skip)h(o)o(v)o(er)f -(commands)f(that)i(w)o(ould)f(otherwise)i(go)e(bac)o(k)h(and)g(blank)f(the)h -(output.)0 863 y FC(SKP)m(A+)p FE(n)p 297 812 377 2 v 297 887 -2 75 v 672 887 V 297 889 377 2 v 192 w FJ(7)p 423 887 2 75 -v 536 859 a FE(n)311 919 y Fq(0)65 b(2)23 b(3)190 b(8)710 860 -y FE(Skip)15 b(A)o(lways)0 1039 y FJ(Skip)e(o)o(v)o(er)h(the)h(next)f -Fz(n)9 b FJ(+)h(1)j(pattern)i(commands)d(b)o(y)h(incremen)o(ting)g(the)i -(pattern)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)f Fz(n)9 b FJ(+)g(1)14 b(times.)0 -1125 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)21 b(This)16 b(command)c(is)k(used)g(mostly)e(to)h -(rev)o(erse)i(the)f(meaning)e(of)g(the)j(other)f(skips.)22 -b(F)m(or)15 b(example,)f(the)0 1175 y(sequence)i(\\SKPN,)p -FE(X)7 b FJ(")12 b(skips)i(command)d FE(X)20 b FJ(if)13 b FE(N)20 -b FJ(is)14 b(1,)e(but)i(the)g(sequence)i(\\SKPN,SKP)m(A,)p -FE(X)7 b FJ(")13 b(executes)j(it)d(if)0 1225 y FE(N)20 b FJ(is)14 -b(1.)k(SKP)m(A)c(can)g(also)f(b)q(e)i(used)g(to)e(extend)i(a)f(conditional)e -(skip)i(b)q(ey)o(ond)g(sixt)o(y{four)f(commands,)e(as)j(in)386 -1310 y(SKPN+77,...)p FE(63)f(bytes)s FJ(...,SKP)m(A+0,SKP)m(A+3,...)p -FE(4)f(bytes)s FJ(...,)p FE(X)0 1396 y FJ(in)h(whic)o(h)h FE(N)21 -b FJ(b)q(eing)14 b(1)f(causes)i(a)f(skip)g(o)o(v)o(er)g(sixt)o(y{sev)o(en)g -(signi\014can)o(t)f(commands)f(to)i(get)g(to)g FE(X)7 b FJ(.)0 -1545 y FC(NOP)p 297 1493 377 2 v 297 1567 2 75 v 455 1543 a -FJ(005)p 672 1567 V 297 1569 377 2 v 311 1600 a Fq(0)314 b(8)710 -1541 y FE(No{op)0 1720 y FJ(Do)13 b(nothing.)0 1870 y FC(STOP)p -297 1817 V 297 1892 2 75 v 455 1868 a FJ(000)p 672 1892 V 297 -1894 377 2 v 311 1924 a Fq(0)314 b(8)710 1866 y FE(Stop)15 -b(Edit)0 2045 y FJ(Incremen)o(t)f(the)h(pattern)f(p)q(oin)o(ter,)g(end)g(the) -h(edit,)e(and)h(skip)g(the)g(next)h(instruction.)0 2130 y(A)o(t)d(the)g(end,) -h(the)f(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ters)g(p)q(oin)o(t)g(to)f(the)i(last)e(p)q -(ositions)h(referenced)i(in)d(source)j(and)d(destination)h(and)f(the)0 -2180 y(pattern)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)e(p)q(oin)o(ts)h(to)g(the)g(command)d(b)o(yte) -j(follo)o(wing)d(the)j(last)g(one)g(executed.)19 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)12 -b(if)f(the)h(pattern)0 2230 y(giv)o(es)h(an)g(EX)o(CHMD)h(after)f(the)h -(\014nal)f(b)o(yte)g(is)h(placed)f(in)g(the)h(destination)f(string,)g(the)h -(\\destination)f(p)q(oin)o(ter")0 2280 y(is)h(actually)f(at)g(the)i(mark)d -(lo)q(cation)h(rather)i(than)f(in)f(A)o(C+4,A)o(C+5)o(.)18 -b(If)c(un)o(used)h(in)o(terior)e(bits)h(in)g(b)q(oth)g(strings)0 -2329 y(are)h(clear)g(initially)m(,)d(they)j(are)h(left)e(clear;)h(otherwise,) -h(un)o(used)g(in)o(terior)e(destination)h(bits)g(are)g(indeterminate.)0 -2379 y(The)f(source)i(string)d(is)h(una\013ected.)0 2465 y -FE(Notes)s FJ(:)j(If)12 b(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(or)f(page)g(failure)f(o)q -(ccurs)j(during)e FC(EDIT)p FJ(,)f(the)i(accum)o(ulators)e(are)h(adjusted)h -(for)f(restart-)0 2515 y(ing)h(at)h(the)g(b)q(eginning)g(of)f(the)h(curren)o -(t)i(pattern)f(command.)0 2600 y FE(Example)s FJ(:)22 b(The)16 -b(follo)o(wing)d(program)h(uses)j(binary{to{decimal)c(con)o(v)o(ersion)j(and) -g(editing)f(to)g(translate)h(a)g(bi-)p eop -%%Page: 169 119 -169 118 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.14.)31 b(STRING)13 b(EDITING)1260 -b FJ(169)150 195 y(nary)16 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(in)o(to)g(a)g(message)g(of)g -(sev)o(en)o(teen)i(c)o(haracters)g(con)o(taining)e(a)g(decimal)e(string)j -(with)f(appropriate)150 245 y(nomenclature)d(for)h(commercial)d(billing)h -(purp)q(oses.)20 b(A)13 b(p)q(ositiv)o(e)h(result)h(has)f(the)g(form)869 -330 y($12,345.46)d(DUE)j(US)150 416 y(whereas)h(a)f(negativ)o(e)f(result)i -(has)f(the)h(form)866 502 y($12,345.46)c(CREDIT)150 587 y(but,)j(if)g(the)h -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(is)g(zero,)h(the)h(en)o(tire)f(\014eld)f(is)h(blank)f -(\(all)f(spaces\).)21 b(The)15 b(maxim)o(um)10 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)k(the)h -(routine)150 637 y(can)f(handle)g(is)g($99,999.99.)150 723 -y(This)i(program)e(emplo)o(ys)h(sev)o(en)i(accum)o(ulators,)e(of)h(whic)o(h)g -FC(P)f FJ(is)h(for)g(the)h(stac)o(k)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(and)f(a)f(blo)q(c)o(k)h -(of)g(six,)150 772 y(lab)q(eled)f FC(A)o(C1)p FJ({)p FC(A)o(C6)p -FJ(,)e(is)j(for)f(the)h FC(EXTEND)f FJ(instructions.)24 b(In)15 -b(the)h(blo)q(c)o(k,)f(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)h FC(A)o(C3)f FJ(and)g -FC(A)o(C6)f FJ(are)i(nev)o(er)150 822 y(actually)d(used)h(b)q(ecause)h(the)f -(program)e(is)h(en)o(tirely)h(lo)q(cal,)e(emplo)o(ying)f(only)h(one{w)o(ord)i -(b)o(yte)f(p)q(oin)o(ters.)19 b(Begin-)150 872 y(ning)12 b(at)h -FC(TEMP)f FJ(and)h FC(FIELD)f FJ(are)h(blo)q(c)o(ks)g(of)f(eigh)o(t)g(lo)q -(cations)g(set)i(aside)f(for)f(the)h FC(EDIT)g FJ(source)h(and)e(destination) -150 922 y(strings.)18 b(The)13 b(routine)g(is)g(called)f(b)o(y)h -FC(PUSHJ)g(P)m(,PNTFLD)f FJ(with)g(the)h(amoun)o(t)e(as)i(a)g(binary)f(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(cen)o(ts)i(in)150 972 y FC(A)o(C1,A)o(C2)m -FJ(.)k(It)c(returns)i(the)e(result)h(b)q(eginning)e(at)h(the)g(left)g(in)f -FC(FIELD)p FJ(.)150 1096 y FB(PNTFLD:)20 b(MOVE)65 b(AC4,[400000,,7])106 -b(;Convert)20 b(up)h(to)h(7)f(digits)g(with)g(leading)f(fill)324 -1146 y(MOVE)65 b(AC5,[POINT)20 b(7,TEMP])42 b(;Store)20 b(decimal)h(in)g -(edit)g(source)g(area)324 1196 y(EXTEND)g(AC1,[CVTBDO)e(60)131 -b(;Convert)20 b(to)h(decimal)g(with)g(leading)f(zeros)h(60)368 -1246 y(JRST)g(ERROR])304 b(;Here)21 b(if)g(need)g(too)g(many)g(digits)g -(\(binary)f(too)h(large\))324 1295 y(MOVEI)43 b(AC1,PATTRN)216 -b(;Set)21 b(pattern)f(pointer)g(to)i(first)f(command)324 1345 -y(TLNE)65 b(AC4,100000;)194 b(;Copy)21 b(M)g(flag)g(from)g(AC4)g(\(CVTBDO)g -(result\))324 1395 y(TLO)87 b(AC1,100000)216 b(;to)21 b(AC1)324 -1445 y(MOVE)65 b(AC2,[POINT)20 b(7,TEMP])42 b(;Pointer)20 b(for)h(source)g -(string)f(\(CVTBDO)h(result\))324 1495 y(MOVEI)43 b(AC4,MARK)260 -b(;Address)20 b(of)h(mark)g(pointer)324 1544 y(MOVE)65 b(AC5,[POINT)20 -b(7,FIELD])g(;Pointer)g(for)h(destination)f(string)324 1594 -y(EXTEND)h(AC1,EDTINS)216 b(;Edit)21 b(the)g(item)368 1644 -y(HALT)g(.)414 b(;Should)20 b(never)h(get)g(here)324 1694 y(POPJ)65 -b(P,0)370 b(;Return)150 1794 y(;Here)21 b(is)g(the)g(edit)g(instruction)150 -1843 y(EDTINS:)f(EDIT)65 b(TABLE-30)f(;Need)20 b(only)h(digit)g(part)g(of)g -(translation)f(table)324 1893 y(")i(")327 b(;Fill)20 b(character)g(is)i -(space)324 1943 y("$")327 b(;Float)20 b(character)g(is)h(dollar)g(sign)324 -1993 y(",")327 b(;Message)20 b(2)h(is)h(comma)324 2043 y(".")327 -b(;Message)20 b(3)h(is)h(decimal)e(point)324 2092 y("D")324 -2142 y("U")324 2192 y("E")324 2242 y("S")324 2292 y("C")324 -2341 y("R")324 2391 y("I")324 2441 y("T")p eop -%%Page: 170 120 -170 119 bop 0 50 a FJ(170)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FB(;Here)21 b(is)g(the)g(translation)f(table.)42 -b(Digits)21 b(1--9)g(set)g(S)g(and)h(N)f(flags)0 245 y(;)h(0)f(does)g(not)g -(affect)g(the)g(flags)0 345 y(TABLE:)64 b(60,,400061)196 394 -y(400062,,400063)196 444 y(400064,,400065)196 494 y(400066,,400067)196 -544 y(400070,,400071)0 643 y(;Here)21 b(is)g(the)g(pattern)0 -743 y(PATTRN:)42 b(001001,,102001)f(;SELECT)20 b(SELECT)h(MESSAG+2)f(SELECT) -545 793 y(;)h(2)h(digits,)e(comma,)h(digit)196 843 y(001001,,002103)41 -b(;SELECT)20 b(SELECT)h(SIGST)f(MESSAG+3)545 892 y(;)h(2)h(more)f(digits,)f -(then)h(start)g(significance)e(and)j(insert)545 942 y(;)f(a)h(decimal)e -(point)196 992 y(001001,,100506)41 b(;SELECT)20 b(SELECT)h(MESSAG+0)f(SKPM+6) -545 1042 y(;)h(2)h(more)f(digits)g(\(cents\))f(and)h(a)h(space,)e(then)h -(skip)545 1092 y(;)g(next)g(7)h(commands)e(if)h(number)g(was)g(negative)196 -1142 y(104105,,106100)41 b(;Append)20 b(the)h(message)g(``DUE)f(US'')196 -1191 y(105107,,705110)41 b(;Then)21 b(skip)g(6)g(pattern)f(commands)196 -1241 y(111106,,104112)41 b(;Append)20 b(the)h(message)g(``CREDIT'')196 -1291 y(113613,,004100)41 b(;If)21 b(number)g(is)g(non-zero)f(skip)h(12)g -(commands)196 1341 y(100100,,100100)41 b(;Else)21 b(exchange)f(mark)h(and)g -(destination)e(pointers)196 1391 y(100100,,100100)41 b(;and)21 -b(blank)g(out)g(result)196 1440 y(100100,,0)151 b(;Then)21 -b(stop)0 1540 y(MARK:)86 b(BLOCK)21 b(1)0 1590 y(TEMP:)86 b(BLOCK)21 -b(10)0 1640 y(FIELD:)64 b(BLOCK)21 b(10)0 1882 y FA(2.15)70 -b(Programm)o(i)o(ng)21 b(Examples)0 2008 y FJ(Before)10 b(con)o(tin)o(uing)f -(to)g(more)f(system{related)i(sub)r(jects,)i(let)d(us)h(consider)g(some)f -(simple)f(programs)g(that)h(demon-)0 2058 y(strate)15 b(the)f(use)h(of)e(a)h -(v)n(ariet)o(y)f(of)h(the)g(instructions)h(describ)q(ed)g(th)o(us)g(far.)0 -2208 y FF(2.15.1)55 b(Pro)r(cessor)18 b(Iden)n(ti\014cation)0 -2321 y FJ(The)d(instruction)f(rep)q(ertoires)j(of)c(all)h(PDP{10)f(pro)q -(cessors)k(and)d(the)h(166)e(pro)q(cessor)k(used)e(in)f(the)h(PDP{6)f(are)0 -2371 y(v)o(ery)f(similar;)d(most)h(programs)g(require)j(no)e(c)o(hanges)h(to) -f(run)h(on)f(an)o(y)g(of)g(them.)17 b(Because)d(of)e(minor)f(di\013erences)0 -2420 y(and)k(the)g(fact)g(that)g(some)f(instructions)h(are)g(not)g(a)o(v)n -(ailable)d(on)j(the)g(earlier)g(mac)o(hines,)f(a)g(program)g(that)g(is)h(to)0 -2470 y(b)q(e)f(compatible)d(with)h(all)g(should)h(ha)o(v)o(e)g(some)f(w)o(a)o -(y)g(of)h(distinguishing)e(whic)o(h)i(mac)o(hine)f(it)g(is)h(running)g(on.)18 -b(The)0 2520 y(follo)o(wing)11 b(test)k(routine)f(su\016ces.)537 -2505 y Fs(72)p 0 2551 720 2 v 31 2577 a Fr(72)64 2589 y Fq(It)j(is)g(b)q(ey)o -(ond)e(the)i(scop)q(e)f(of)h(this)g(man)o(ual)e(to)i(do)q(cumen)o(t)e(the)h -(b)q(eha)o(vior)f(of)j(other)e(v)o(endors')f(v)o(ersions)g(of)i(the)g(PDP{10) -0 2629 y(arc)o(hitecture)o(.)c(PDP{10)d(arc)o(hitectures)e(ha)o(v)o(e)j(also) -g(b)q(een)f(built)g(b)o(y)h(F)m(o)q(only)f(and)h(b)o(y)g(Systems)f(Concepts.) -p eop -%%Page: 171 121 -171 120 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.15.)31 b(PR)o(OGRAMMING)12 b(EXAMPLES)1035 -b FJ(171)303 245 y FB(JFCL)86 b(17,.+1)195 b(;Clear)20 b(flags)303 -295 y(JRST)86 b(.+1)261 b(;Change)20 b(PC)303 345 y(JFCL)86 -b(1,PDP6)195 b(;PDP-6)20 b(has)i(PC)f(Change)f(flag)303 394 -y(MOVNI)64 b(AC,1)239 b(;Others)20 b(do)i(not.)42 b(Make)21 -b(AC)h(all)f(1s)303 444 y(AOBJN)64 b(AC,.+1)195 b(;Increment)20 -b(both)g(halves)303 494 y(JUMPN)64 b(AC,KA10)173 b(;KA10)21 -b(carries)f(to)h(left)g(half)303 544 y(BLT)108 b(AC,0)239 b(;Try)21 -b(BLT.)43 b(Source=0;)19 b(Dest=0.)43 b(AC)21 b(must)g(not)g(be)g(0)303 -594 y(JUMPE)64 b(AC,KI10)173 b(;KI10)21 b(if)g(AC)g(=)h(0)303 -643 y(MOVSI)64 b(AC,400000)129 b(;Largest)20 b(negative)g(number)303 -693 y(ADJBP)64 b(AC,[430100,,0])19 b(;Check)h(what)h(this)g(does)303 -743 y(CAMN)86 b(AC,[430100,,0])19 b(;The)i(KL)g(won't)g(change)f(this)303 -793 y(JRST)86 b(KL10)239 b(;This)21 b(must)g(be)g(a)g(KL10)303 -843 y(MOVSI)64 b(AC,450000)129 b(;A)21 b(one-word)f(global)h(byte)g(pointer) -303 892 y(IBP)108 b(AC)283 b(;What)21 b(does)g(this)f(do?)303 -942 y(CAME)86 b(AC,[450000,,0])19 b(;The)i(KS)g(doesn't)f(change)h(this)303 -992 y(JRST)86 b(XKL1)239 b(;This)21 b(must)g(be)g(an)g(XKL-1)303 -1042 y(JRST)86 b(KS10)239 b(;Otherwise,)19 b(it's)i(a)h(KS10)150 -1269 y FF(2.15.2)55 b(P)n(arit)n(y)150 1381 y FJ(P)o(arit)o(y)13 -b(pro)q(cedures)i(are)f(used)g(regularly)e(to)h(c)o(hec)o(k)i(the)e(accuracy) -i(of)d(stored)i(information.)h(P)o(arit)o(y)e(generation)150 -1431 y(and)j(c)o(hec)o(king)h(are)g(generally)g(handled)f(automatically)e(b)o -(y)i(memory)e(and)i(high{sp)q(eed,)i(blo)q(c)o(k{orien)o(ted)e(p)q(e-)150 -1481 y(ripheral)c(devices)h(but)g(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)i(handled)f(b)o(y)g(the)h -(program)e(for)h(c)o(haracter{orien)o(ted)h(devices.)19 b(Consider)13 -b(8{bit)150 1530 y(c)o(haracters,)k(for)f(whic)o(h)f(the)i(program)d(carries) -j(out)e(t)o(w)o(o)h(pro)q(cedures:)24 b(for)15 b(output)h(it)f(generates)j(a) -d(parit)o(y)g(bit)150 1580 y(from)d(sev)o(en)j(data)e(bits)h(to)f(pro)q(duce) -i(an)f(8{bit)f(c)o(haracter)i(with)e(parit)o(y;)g(follo)o(wing)e(input)j(it)f -(c)o(hec)o(ks)i(the)f(parit)o(y)150 1630 y(of)d(the)h(eigh)o(t)g(bits)f -(receiv)o(ed.)19 b(In)12 b(either)g(case,)h(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)f(the)g -(program)e(can)i(simply)d(\014nd)j(the)g(parit)o(y)f(of)g(an)h(8{bit)150 -1680 y(c)o(haracter)17 b(b)o(y)f(regarding)g(the)g(sev)o(en)h(output)f(data)g -(bits)g(as)g(eigh)o(t,)g(including)f(an)g(irrelev)n(an)o(t)h(extra)h(bit.)24 -b(The)150 1730 y(t)o(w)o(o)14 b(pro)q(cedures)i(then)f(di\013er)g(only)f(in)f -(the)i(\014nal)f(action.)19 b(In)14 b(the)h(\014rst)g(case,)g(the)g(program)e -(uses)i(the)g(result)g(to)150 1779 y(adjust)e(the)h(eigh)o(th)f(bit)g(for)f -(correct)j(parit)o(y)m(,)d(whereas,)i(in)f(the)h(second,)g(it)e(c)o(hec)o(ks) -j(the)f(result)f(for)g(an)g(indication)150 1829 y(of)g(error.)150 -1915 y(Assuming)f(the)i(c)o(haracter)h(is)e(righ)o(t{justi\014ed)h(in)e -(accum)o(ulator)h FC(A)g FJ(and)g(the)h(rest)h(of)d FC(A)h -FJ(is)h(clear,)f(as)h(it)f(w)o(ould)f(b)q(e)150 1965 y(w)o(ere)g(the)g(c)o -(haracter)h(placed)e(in)g FC(A)g FJ(b)o(y)g(a)g FC(LDB)g FJ(instruction)h(or) -f(a)g FC(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)p FJ(,)e(the)j(simplest)e(and)h(quic)o(k)o(est)h(pro) -q(cedure)150 2014 y(w)o(ould)k(b)q(e)i(to)e(use)i FC(A)f FJ(to)f(index)h(an)g -FC(X)o(CT)f FJ(in)o(to)g(a)h(table,)g(eac)o(h)g(of)f(whose)i(lo)q(cations)e -(con)o(tains)h(an)g(instruction)150 2064 y(that)d(adjusts)g(the)h(parit)o(y)e -(for)g(output)h(or)g(jumps)f(to)g(a)h(routine)g(for)f(erroneous)i(input.)j -(This)c(pro)q(cedure)i(w)o(ould)150 2114 y(normally)i(b)q(e)j(unacceptable)g -(b)q(ecause)h(of)e(the)g(v)o(ery)h(large)f(memory)e(requiremen)o(ts.)37 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)22 b(the)f(table)150 2164 y(can)16 b(b)q(e)g(reduced)h -(to)f(sixteen)g(en)o(tries)h(without)e(excessiv)o(e)i(loss)e(in)g(sp)q(eed,)i -(b)o(y)f(exclusiv)o(e{ORing)f(the)h(left)f(and)150 2214 y(righ)o(t)e(halv)o -(es)g(of)g(the)h(c)o(haracter)h(and)f(indexing)e(on)i(the)g(result)g(\(parit) -o(y)f(is)h(in)o(v)n(arian)o(t)d(under)k(the)f(exclusiv)o(e{OR)150 -2264 y(function,)f(whic)o(h)h(essen)o(tially)g(disp)q(oses)h(of)e(pairs)h(of) -f(1s\).)19 b(This)14 b(example,)e(whic)o(h)i(uses)h(a)e(second)i(accum)o -(ulator)150 2313 y FC(T)g FJ(for)g(c)o(haracter)h(manipulation,)c(requires)k -(six)f(memory)d(references)18 b(to)d(generate)h(o)q(dd)f(parit)o(y)m(.)21 -b(\(Num)o(b)q(ers)15 b(of)150 2363 y(memory)e(references)19 -b(and)c(lo)q(cations)h(giv)o(en)f(do)g(not)h(include)g(those)g(for)g(the)g -FC(POPJ)p FJ(,)e(whic)o(h)h(will)g(b)q(e)h(regarded)150 2413 -y(as)g(subroutine)h(o)o(v)o(erhead.)26 b(Similarly)13 b(ev)o(ery)k(example)e -(also)h(requires)i(that)e(the)h(program)e(giv)o(e)h(a)g FC(PUSHJ)f -FJ(to)150 2463 y(get)e(to)f(the)h(subroutine.)18 b(This)12 -b(example)f(is)h(coun)o(ted)h(as)g(\014v)o(e)f(memory)e(references)15 -b(for)d(instruction)g(fetc)o(hes)i(and)150 2513 y(one)g(memory)d(reference)17 -b(for)c(a)h(data)g(fetc)o(h,)g(the)g(instructions)h(in)e FC(P)m(ART)m(AB)f -FJ(are)i(considered)h(to)f(b)q(e)g(data.\))p eop -%%Page: 172 122 -172 121 bop 0 50 a FJ(172)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 245 y FB(PARITY:)86 b(MOVEI)g(T,\(A\))151 -b(;Copy)21 b(character)f(in)h(T)240 295 y(LSH)130 b(T,-4)173 -b(;Line)21 b(up)h(halves)240 345 y(XORI)108 b(T,\(A\))151 b(;Reduce)21 -b(paritywise)e(to)j(4)f(bits)240 394 y(ANDI)108 b(T,17)173 -b(;Wipe)21 b(out)g(unwanted)f(bits)240 444 y(XCT)130 b(PARTAB\(T\))63 -b(;Execute)21 b(indicated)e(table)i(item)240 494 y(POPJ)108 -b(P,)0 594 y(PARTAB:)86 b(XORI)108 b(A,200)151 b(;0)22 b(---)f(change)f(high) -h(bit)240 643 y(JFCL)369 b(;1)22 b(---)f(no--op)240 693 y(JFCL)369 -b(;2)240 743 y(XORI)108 b(A,200)151 b(;3)240 793 y(JFCL)369 -b(;4)240 843 y(XORI)108 b(A,200)151 b(;5)240 892 y(XORI)108 -b(A,200)151 b(;6)240 942 y(JFCL)369 b(;7)240 992 y(JFCL)g(;10)240 -1042 y(XORI)108 b(A,200)151 b(;11)240 1092 y(XORI)108 b(A,200)151 -b(;12)240 1142 y(JFCL)369 b(;13)240 1191 y(XORI)108 b(A,200)151 -b(;14)240 1241 y(JFCL)369 b(;15)240 1291 y(JFCL)g(;16)240 1341 -y(XORI)108 b(A,200)151 b(;17)0 1501 y FJ(T)m(o)12 b(handle)h(ev)o(en)g(parit) -o(y)m(,)f(in)o(terc)o(hange)h(the)g FC(JF)o(CL)p FJ(s)f(and)h -FC(X)o(ORI)p FJ(s)f(in)g(the)h(table)g(or)g(c)o(hange)g(the)g -FC(MO)o(VEI)g(T,\(A\))f FJ(to)0 1551 y FC(MO)o(VEI)h(T,200\(A\))o -FJ(.)0 1636 y(The)h(next)g(example)f(do)q(es)h(exactly)g(the)g(same)f(thing,) -g(but)h(it)f(substitutes)j(a)d(little)g(more)g(computation)f(for)h(use)0 -1686 y(of)g(a)g(table.)18 b(In)13 b(other)h(w)o(ords,)g(it)f(tak)o(es)g(a)h -(little)e(more)h(time)f(\(7.5)g(memory)f(references)17 b(a)o(v)o(erage\))c -(but)h(less)g(than)0 1736 y(half)f(the)h(memory)e(space.)0 -1861 y FB(PARITY:)42 b(MOVEI)64 b(T,200\(A\))42 b(;Copy)21 -b(character)f(with)h(high)g(bit)196 1910 y(LSH)108 b(T,-4)130 -b(;complemented,)19 b(then)i(fold)g(copy)g(into)g(4)196 1960 -y(XORI)86 b(T,\(A\))108 b(;bits)21 b(with)g(opposite)f(parity)196 -2010 y(TRCE)86 b(T,14)130 b(;Are)21 b(left)g(two)h(both)e(0?)196 -2060 y(TRNN)86 b(T,14)130 b(;Or)22 b(both)f(1?)196 2110 y(XORI)86 -b(A,200)108 b(;Yes,)21 b(change)g(high)g(bit)196 2159 y(TRCE)86 -b(T,3)152 b(;Are)21 b(right)g(two)g(both)g(0?)196 2209 y(TRNN)86 -b(T,3)152 b(;Or)22 b(both)f(1?)196 2259 y(XORI)86 b(A,200)108 -b(;Yes,)21 b(change)g(for)g(even,)g(restore)f(for)h(odd)196 -2309 y(POPJ)86 b(P,)0 2469 y FJ(Note)12 b(that)f(this)g(example)f(do)q(es)h -(not)g(require)h(the)g(rest)g(of)f(A)g(to)g(b)q(e)g(clear.)18 -b(F)m(or)11 b(ev)o(en)g(parit)o(y)m(,)g(c)o(hange)g(the)h(address)0 -2519 y(in)h(the)i FC(MO)o(VEI)d FJ(from)h(200)g(to)g(0.)0 2605 -y(Finally)m(,)k(let)i(us)h(consider)f(the)h(extreme)f(of)f(substituting)h -(computation)e(for)i(memory)m(.)29 b(Starting)19 b(with)f(the)p -eop -%%Page: 173 123 -173 122 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.15.)31 b(PR)o(OGRAMMING)12 b(EXAMPLES)1035 -b FJ(173)150 195 y(c)o(haracter)20 b FE(ab)n(c)n(defgh)h FJ(righ)o -(t{justi\014ed)d(in)g FC(A)p FJ(,)f(\014rst)i(cop)o(y)f(it)g(to)g -FC(T)h FJ(and)f(then)g(duplicate)h(it)e(t)o(wice)i(to)f(the)h(left,)150 -245 y(pro)q(ducing)455 342 y FE(ab)n(c)107 b(def)d(gha)g(b)n(c)n(d)109 -b(efg)d(hab)d(c)n(de)k(fgh)150 428 y FJ(where)22 b(the)f(bits)f(\(in)h(p)q -(ositions)f(12{35\))f(are)i(group)q(ed)g(corresp)q(onding)h(to)e(the)h(o)q -(ctal)f(digits)g(in)g(the)i(w)o(ord.)150 478 y(ANDing)13 b(this)h(with)452 -575 y(001)99 b(001)g(001)g(001)g(001)g(001)g(001)f(001)150 -658 y(retains)14 b(only)g(the)g(least{signi\014can)o(t)f(bit)h(in)f(eac)o(h)i -(3{bit)e(set,)h(the)h(result)f(can)g(b)q(e)h(represen)o(ted)i(b)o(y)975 -744 y FE(cfadgb)n(eh)150 829 y FJ(where)d(eac)o(h)f(letter)g(represen)o(ts)j -(an)c(o)q(ctal)h(digit)e(ha)o(ving)h(the)h(same)f(v)n(alue)g(\(0)g(or)h(1\))f -(as)h(the)g(bit)f(originally)f(repre-)150 879 y(sen)o(ted)k(b)o(y)f(the)g -(same)f(letter.)19 b(Multiplying)12 b(this)i(b)o(y)g(11111111)1171 -885 y Fs(8)1201 879 y FJ(generates)i(the)e(follo)o(wing)e(partial)h(pro)q -(ducts:)1040 1004 y Fz(c)45 b(f)i(a)d(d)g(g)j(b)f(e)f(h)974 -1054 y(c)g(f)j(a)c(d)f(g)k(b)g(e)d(h)908 1103 y(c)h(f)i(a)e(d)f(g)j(b)g(e)d -(h)841 1153 y(c)h(f)j(a)c(d)h(g)i(b)g(e)d(h)775 1203 y(c)h(f)j(a)c(d)h(g)j(b) -f(e)d(h)709 1253 y(c)h(f)i(a)e(d)f(g)k(b)g(e)c(h)642 1303 y(c)h(f)j(a)c(d)h -(g)j(b)g(e)d(h)580 1352 y(c)c(f)48 b(a)c(d)h(g)j(b)f(e)e(h)150 -1461 y FJ(Since)13 b(an)o(y)e(digit)g(is)i(at)f(most)f(1,)g(there)j(can)e(b)q -(e)h(no)f(carry{out)g(from)f(an)o(y)g(column)g(with)h(few)o(er)h(than)f(eigh) -o(t)g(digits)150 1511 y(unless)19 b(there)g(is)f(a)g(carry{in)f(to)h(it.)30 -b(Hence,)20 b(the)f(o)q(ctal)f(digit)f(pro)q(duced)i(b)o(y)e(summing)e(the)k -(cen)o(ter)h(column)150 1561 y(\(the)d(one)g(con)o(taining)f(all)f(the)i -(bits)g(of)f(the)h(c)o(haracter\))h(is)e(ev)o(en)h(or)g(o)q(dd)f(as)h(the)g -(sum)f(of)g(the)h(bits)f(is)h(ev)o(en)g(or)150 1610 y(o)q(dd.)h(Th)o(us,)13 -b(its)g(least)h(signi\014can)o(t)e(bit)h(\(bit)g(14)g(of)g(the)g(lo)o -(w{order)g(w)o(ord)g(in)g(the)h(pro)q(duct\))g(is)f(the)h(parit)o(y)f(of)f -(the)150 1660 y(c)o(haracter:)19 b(0)14 b(if)f(ev)o(en,)h(1)g(if)f(o)q(dd.) -150 1746 y(The)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f(ma)o(y)f(seem)i(a)f(v)o(ery)h(complicated)e -(pro)q(cedure)k(to)d(do)h(something)e(trivial,)g(but)i(it)f(is)h(e\013ected)h -(b)o(y)f(this)150 1796 y(quite)h(simple)e(sequence:)150 1920 -y FB(PARITY:)64 b(MOVEI)108 b(T,\(A\))g(;Copy)21 b(in)g(T)368 -1970 y(IMULI)108 b(T,200401)42 b(;Duplicate)20 b(twice)368 -2020 y(AND)152 b(T,ONES)86 b(;Pick)21 b(LSBs)368 2070 y(IMUL)130 -b(T,ONES)86 b(;Generate)20 b(product)368 2119 y(TLNN)130 b(T,10)g(;Is)21 -b(bit)g(14)h(odd?)368 2169 y(XORI)130 b(A,200)108 b(;No,)21 -b(change)f(parity)368 2219 y(POPJ)130 b(P,)368 2269 y(.)368 -2319 y(.)368 2368 y(.)150 2418 y(ONES:)108 b(11111111)150 2579 -y FJ(This)10 b(pro)q(cedure)i(uses)g(a)d(minim)o(um)c(of)10 -b(b)q(oth)g(memory)e(references)13 b(and)d(memory)e(space)j(but)f(tak)o(es)h -(considerably)150 2628 y(more)i(time,)f(b)q(ecause)k(the)e(m)o -(ultiplications)d(are)j(relativ)o(ely)f(slo)o(w.)p eop -%%Page: 174 124 -174 123 bop 0 50 a FJ(174)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(The)i(follo)o(wing)c(table)j(sho)o(ws)h(the)g -(trade{o\013)f(of)g(memory)e(references)18 b(against)c(memory)f(space)j(for)f -(the)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)0 245 y(four)e(pro)q(cedures.)20 b(The)14 -b(time)f(is)h(prop)q(ortional)e(to)i(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g -(references,)j(except)g(in)d(case)i(4.)933 328 y FE(R)n(efer)n(enc)n(es)50 -b(L)n(o)n(c)n(ations)458 413 y FJ(1.)18 b(T)m(able)13 b(Lo)q(okup)214 -b(2)202 b(257)458 463 y(2.)18 b(F)m(olded)13 b(Lo)q(okup)194 -b(6)222 b(21)458 513 y(3.)18 b(F)m(olded)13 b(Computation)89 -b(7.5)210 b(9)458 563 y(4.)18 b(Computation)223 b(7.5)210 b(7)0 -675 y FF(2.15.3)55 b(Rev)n(ersing)18 b(the)g(Order)g(of)h(Digits)0 -787 y FJ(Supp)q(ose)13 b(one)g(wishes)g(to)f(rev)o(erse)j(the)e(order)g(of)f -(the)h(digits)e(in)h(the)h(6{bit)f(c)o(haracter)i FE(ab)n(c)n(def)9 -b FJ(,)j(where)i(the)f(letters)0 837 y(represen)o(t)18 b(the)e(bits)g(of)f -(the)i(c)o(haracter.)25 b(One)16 b(can)g(\014rst)h(duplicate)f(it)f(three)i -(times)e(to)g(the)i(left)e(and)h(shift)f(the)0 887 y(result)g(left)e(1)h -(place,)g(pro)q(ducing)241 983 y Fz(a)85 b(bcd)100 b(ef)t(a)h(bcd)f(ef)t(a)h -(bcd)e(ef)t(a)j(bcd)e(ef)t FJ(0)0 1067 y(where)15 b(the)g(bits)e(are)i(group) -q(ed)f(corresp)q(onding)h(to)f(the)g(o)q(ctal)g(digits)f(in)h(the)g(w)o(ord.) -k(ANDing)13 b(this)h(with)242 1164 y(1)83 b(000)99 b(100)g(100)g(010)f(010)h -(000)g(001)g(000)0 1247 y(giv)o(es)241 1343 y Fz(a)83 b FJ(000)99 -b Fz(e)p FJ(00)j Fz(b)p FJ(00)c(0)p Fz(f)t FJ(0)i(0)p Fz(c)p -FJ(0)g(000)f(00)p Fz(d)f FJ(000)0 1432 y(This)12 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(is)i -(con\014gured)g(suc)o(h)h(that)e(the)i(residues)g(of)e(the)h(v)n(alues)f(of)g -(its)h(bits)g(mo)q(dulo)d(2)1465 1417 y Fs(8)1488 1432 y FH(\000)c -FJ(1)12 b(are)g(in)f(exactly)0 1482 y(the)k(opp)q(osite)g(order)h(from)c(the) -k(bits)e(of)g(the)i(original)c(c)o(haracter)k(and)f(ha)o(v)o(e)f(the)i -(binary)e(orders)i(of)e(magnitude)0 1532 y(0{5.)20 b(In)15 -b(other)h(w)o(ords,)f(this)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(is)h(equal)f(to)h(the)h(sum)e -(of)g(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(in)f(the)i(upp)q(er)g(ro)o(w)f(b)q(elo)o(w,)f -(and)0 1582 y(dividing)e(eac)o(h)j(of)e(these)i(addends)g(b)o(y)f(255)690 -1588 y Fs(10)738 1582 y FJ(giv)o(es)g(the)g(remainder)f(listed)h(in)g(the)g -(lo)o(w)o(er)g(ro)o(w.)302 1706 y FE(Dividend)82 b Fz(f)14 -b FH(\002)9 b FJ(2)640 1691 y Fs(13)717 1706 y Fz(e)g FH(\002)h -FJ(2)808 1691 y Fs(20)884 1706 y Fz(d)f FH(\002)h FJ(2)978 -1691 y Fs(3)1038 1706 y Fz(c)f FH(\002)g FJ(2)1127 1691 y Fs(10)1204 -1706 y Fz(b)g FH(\002)g FJ(2)1293 1691 y Fs(17)1370 1706 y -Fz(a)g FH(\002)g FJ(2)1463 1691 y Fs(24)302 1756 y FE(R)n(emainder)46 -b Fz(f)14 b FH(\002)9 b FJ(2)640 1741 y Fs(5)717 1756 y Fz(e)g -FH(\002)h FJ(2)808 1741 y Fs(4)884 1756 y Fz(d)f FH(\002)h -FJ(2)978 1741 y Fs(3)1038 1756 y Fz(c)f FH(\002)g FJ(2)1127 -1741 y Fs(2)1204 1756 y Fz(b)g FH(\002)g FJ(2)1293 1741 y Fs(1)1370 -1756 y Fz(a)g FH(\002)g FJ(2)1463 1741 y Fs(0)0 1865 y FJ(The)i(remainder)e -(in)h(a)g(division)e(is)i(equal)g(to)g(the)h(sum,)e(mo)q(dulo)f(the)j -(divisor,)f(of)f(the)i(remainders)f(left)g(b)o(y)g(dividing)0 -1914 y(eac)o(h)18 b(of)f(the)g(dividend)g(addends)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(same)e -(divisor,)h(and)g(the)h(sum)e(of)h(the)h(terms)f(in)g(the)h(lo)o(w)o(er)f(ro) -o(w)g(is)0 1964 y(ob)o(viously)10 b FE(fe)n(dcb)n(a)p FJ(.)17 -b(The)12 b(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f(pro)q(cedure)i(is)e(implemen)o(ted)e(b)o(y)i -(this)h(sequence)h(\(attributed)f(to)f(Sc)o(hro)q(epp)q(el)1747 -1949 y Fs(73)1784 1964 y FJ(\))0 2014 y(where)16 b(the)g(c)o(haracter)g(is)f -(righ)o(t{justi\014ed)g(in)g(accum)o(ulator)f FC(A)g FJ(\(with)h(the)h(rest)g -(of)f FC(A)f FJ(clear\))i(and)f(its)g(rev)o(erse)i(is)0 2064 -y(righ)o(t{justi\014ed)d(in)f(accum)o(ulator)f FC(A+1)p FJ(.)153 -2188 y FB(IMUL)64 b(A,[2020202])150 b(;4)22 b(copies)e(shifted)h(left)g(1)153 -2238 y(AND)86 b(A,[104422010])106 b(;Pick)21 b(bits)g(for)g(reverse)153 -2288 y(IDIVI)42 b(A,377)282 b(;Divide)21 b(by)g FJ(2)958 2273 -y Fs(8)1007 2288 y FH(\000)32 b FJ(1)0 2448 y(T)m(o)13 b(rev)o(erse)j(eigh)o -(t)e(bits,)f(one)i(can)f(use)h(a)e(similar)f(pro)q(cedure)k(\(also)d -(attributed)i(to)f(Sc)o(hro)q(epp)q(el\))h(where,)g(again,)0 -2498 y(the)g(original)e(c)o(haracter)j(is)e(righ)o(t{justi\014ed)g(in)g -FC(A)g FJ(and)g(its)h(rev)o(erse)h(is)f(righ)o(t{justi\014ed)f(in)g -FC(A+1)p FJ(.)19 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)c(this)p 0 2533 720 2 -v 31 2559 a Fr(73)64 2571 y Fq(HAKMEM,)e(item)d(167,)h(page)f(78)h(\()p -Fh(A)o(rti\014cial)j(Intel)r(ligenc)n(e)g(Memor)n(andum,)g(No.)j(239)t -Fq(,)c(F)m(ebruary)d(29,)g(1972,)h(MIT)h(Arti\014cial)0 2611 -y(In)o(telligence)c(Lab)q(oratory\).)p eop -%%Page: 175 125 -175 124 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.15.)31 b(PR)o(OGRAMMING)12 b(EXAMPLES)1035 -b FJ(175)150 195 y(time)9 b(the)j(manipulatio)o(n)c(cannot)j(b)q(e)g(managed) -f(within)g(a)g(single{length)g(w)o(ord,)h(so)g(di\013eren)o(t)g(forms)f(of)g -(m)o(ultiply)150 245 y(and)k(divide)f(are)h(used.)303 367 y -FB(MUL)86 b(A,[100200401002])40 b(;5)22 b(copies)e(in)i(A)f(and)g(A+1)303 -417 y(AND)86 b(A+1,[20420420020])18 b(;Pick)j(bits)g(for)g(reverse)g(via)303 -467 y(ANDI)64 b(A,41)304 b(;residues)20 b(mod)h FJ(2)1173 452 -y Fs(10)1239 467 y FH(\000)32 b FJ(1)303 517 y FB(DIVI)64 b(A,1777)260 -b(;Divide)21 b(by)g FJ(2)1108 502 y Fs(10)1174 517 y FH(\000)31 -b FJ(1)150 740 y FF(2.15.4)55 b(Coun)n(ting)20 b(Ones)150 853 -y FJ(Supp)q(ose)e(one)f(wishes)h(to)f(coun)o(t)g(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h -(1s)g(in)g(a)f(w)o(ord.)28 b(One)18 b(could.)27 b(of)17 b(course,)h(c)o(hec)o -(k)g(ev)o(ery)g(bit)150 903 y(in)g(the)h(w)o(ord.)33 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)19 -b(there)h(is)f(a)f(quic)o(k)o(er)h(w)o(a)o(y)f(if)g(one)h(remem)o(b)q(ers)f -(that,)h(in)f(an)o(y)g(w)o(ord)h(and)f(its)h(t)o(w)o(os)150 -952 y(complemen)o(t,)10 b(the)j(righ)o(tmost)d(1)i(is)h(in)e(the)i(same)e(p)q -(osition,)h(b)q(oth)g(w)o(ords)h(are)f(all)f(0s)i(to)f(the)h(righ)o(t)e(of)h -(this)g(1,)g(and)150 1002 y(no)g(corresp)q(onding)i(bits)e(are)h(the)h(same)d -(to)i(the)g(left)f(\(the)i(parts)f(of)f(b)q(oth)g(w)o(ords)h(to)g(the)g(left) -f(of)g(the)h(righ)o(tmost)e(1)150 1052 y(are)j(complemen)o(ts\).)i(Hence,)f -(using)e(the)i(negativ)o(e)e(of)g(a)h(w)o(ord)f(as)h(a)f(mask)f(for)i(the)g -(w)o(ord)f(in)h(a)f(test)i(instruction)150 1102 y(selects)f(only)e(the)h -(righ)o(tmost)e(1)h(for)h(mo)q(di\014cation.)i(The)e(example)e(uses)j(three)g -(accum)o(ulators:)i(the)e(w)o(ord)e(b)q(eing)150 1152 y(tested)j(\(whic)o(h)f -(is)g(lost\))f(is)h(in)f FC(T)p FJ(,)h(the)g(coun)o(t)g(is)g(k)o(ept)g(in)f -FC(CNT)p FJ(,)h(and)f(the)h(mask)f(created)i(in)e(eac)o(h)i(step)f(is)g -(stored)150 1201 y(in)f FC(TEMP)p FJ(.)324 1324 y FB(MOVEI)65 -b(CNT,0)238 b(;Clear)21 b(CNT)324 1374 y(MOVN)87 b(TEMP,T)216 -b(;Make)21 b(mask)g(to)g(select)g(rightmost)f(1)324 1424 y(TDZE)87 -b(T,TEMP)216 b(;Clear)21 b(rightmost)f(1)h(in)h(T)324 1473 -y(AOJA)87 b(CNT,.-2)194 b(;Increase)20 b(count)h(and)g(jump)g(back)324 -1523 y(...)457 b(;Skip)21 b(to)h(here)e(if)i(no)f(1s)h(left)f(in)g(T)150 -1681 y FC(CNT)14 b FJ(is)g(increased)i(b)o(y)e(1)g(ev)o(ery)h(time)d(a)i(1)g -(is)g(deleted)h(from)e FC(T)p FJ(.)19 b(After)c(all)d(1s)j(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q -(een)h(remo)o(v)o(ed,)e(the)i FC(TDZE)150 1731 y FJ(skips.)150 -1817 y(The)g(preceding)g(example)f(uses)h(little)f(memory)e(but)j(con)o -(tains)f(a)g(lo)q(op,)g(so)g(the)h(time)f(it)g(tak)o(es)h(is)f(prop)q -(ortional)150 1867 y(to)g(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(1s.)19 -b(The)c(next)f(example)f(tak)o(es)i(more)e(memory)f(but)i(it)g(tak)o(es)h -(constan)o(t)f(time;)f(hence,)i(it)f(is)150 1916 y(slo)o(w)o(er)h(than)h(the) -g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f(when)g(there)i(are)f(few)f(1s)h(\(few)o(er)g(than)f(eigh)o -(t\))g(but)h(is)f(m)o(uc)o(h)f(faster)i(when)g(there)h(are)150 -1966 y(man)o(y)m(.)k(The)c(w)o(ord,)e(whic)o(h)h(is)g(lost,)f(is)h(in)f -(accum)o(ulator)g FC(A)p FJ(,)f(and)i(the)g(answ)o(er)h(app)q(ears)g(in)e -(accum)o(ulator)f FC(A+1)150 2016 y FJ(\(for)j(con)o(v)o(enience)i(in)f -(nomenclature,)f(let)h FC(B)13 b(=)i(A+1)o FJ(\).)30 b(The)18 -b(routine)g(\(attributed)g(to)f(Gosp)q(er,)i(Mann,)f(and)150 -2066 y(Leonard)298 2051 y Fs(74)333 2066 y FJ(\))e(has)f(three)h(distinct)g -(parts)f(and)g(is)g(based)h(on)f(the)h(fact)f(that,)g(in)g(a)g(binary)f(w)o -(ord,)h(coun)o(ting)g(1s)g(is)150 2116 y(equiv)n(alen)o(t)c(to)h(calculating) -f(the)i(sum)e(of)h(the)g(digits.)17 b(The)c(\014rst)g(part,)f(of)f(sev)o(en)i -(instructions,)g(manipulates)d(the)150 2165 y(o)q(ctal)k(digits)g(of)g(the)h -(w)o(ord)f(so)h(as)f(to)g(replace)i(eac)o(h)f(digit)e(b)o(y)h(the)h(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)f(of)g(1s)g(in)g(it.)20 b(T)m(aking)12 b(D)j(as)f(an)g(o)q(ctal)150 -2215 y(digit)c(and)h FH(b)p Fz(x)p FH(c)h FJ(to)f(mean)f(the)i(largest)f(in)o -(teger)h(con)o(tained)f(in)g Fz(x)p FJ(,)g(the)h(algorithm)c(used)k(to)f(mak) -o(e)f(the)i(substitution)150 2265 y(is)868 2400 y Fz(D)e FH(\000)g(b)p -Fz(D)q(=)p FJ(2)p FH(c)g(\000)f(b)p Fz(D)q(=)p FJ(4)p FH(c)150 -2508 y FJ(Of)16 b(course,)i(the)g(computer)e(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(acts)i(in)f -(binary)h(terms)f(regardless)i(of)d(programmer)g(in)o(terpretation.)26 -b(In)150 2557 y(this)14 b(case)h(the)f(pro)q(cedure)i(carried)f(out)e(on)h -(eac)o(h)h(3{bit)e(piece)h FE(ab)n(c)j FJ(is)p 150 2590 720 -2 v 181 2617 a Fr(74)214 2629 y Fq(Ibid,)10 b(item)g(169,)h(page)f(79.)p -eop -%%Page: 176 126 -176 125 bop 0 50 a FJ(176)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)790 245 y Fz(abc)9 b FH(\000)g Fz(ab)g FH(\000)h -Fz(a)0 355 y FJ(The)k(instructions)h(e\013ect)h(this)e(algorithm)d(b)o(y)j -(shifting)f(a)h(cop)o(y)g(of)f(the)i(w)o(ord)f(righ)o(t)f(1)h(place,)g -(masking)d(out)j(the)0 405 y(LSB)i(of)f(eac)o(h)h(shifted)g(o)q(ctal)g(digit) -e(to)i(prev)o(en)o(t)h(it)e(from)f(in)o(terfering)i(with)f(the)h(next)h -(digit)d(at)i(the)g(righ)o(t)f(\(i.e.,)0 455 y(to)f(isolate)g(the)h -(digits\),)e(and)h(subtracting)h(the)f(shifted)h(w)o(ord)f(from)e(the)j -(original.)i(The)e(same)e(pro)q(cess)j(is)e(then)0 505 y(rep)q(eated,)f(this) -d(time)g(masking)f(out)h(what)h(w)o(as)g(originally)d(the)j(middle)e(bit)i -(in)f(eac)o(h)h(digit.)16 b(That)11 b(this)g(algorithm)0 555 -y(giv)o(es)h(the)h(correct)h(substitution)f(is)f(eviden)o(t)h(from)e(the)i -(follo)o(wing)d(table,)i(in)g(whic)o(h)g(it)g(is)g(seen)i(that)e(the)h(b)q -(ottom)0 604 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(in)h(a)f(giv)o(en)h(column)e(is)i(the)g(sum) -f(of)g(the)i(bits)f(in)f(the)i(o)q(ctal)e(digit)g(giv)o(en)g(at)h(the)h(top)f -(of)f(the)h(column.)367 773 y FE(Original)g(digit)178 b FJ(0)71 -b(1)f(2)g(3)h(4)f(5)g(6)h(7)351 823 y FE(Subtr)n(act)14 b FH(b)p -Fz(D)q(=)p FJ(2)p FH(c)143 b FJ({0)p 769 830 42 2 v 49 w({0)p -860 830 V 49 w({1)p 951 830 V 50 w({1)p 1043 830 V 49 w({2)p -1134 830 V 49 w({2)p 1225 830 V 50 w({3)p 1317 830 V 49 w({3)p -1408 830 V 789 872 a(0)71 b(1)f(1)g(2)h(2)f(3)g(3)h(4)351 922 -y FE(Subtr)n(act)14 b FH(b)p Fz(D)q(=)p FJ(4)p FH(c)143 b FJ({0)p -769 929 V 49 w({0)p 860 929 V 49 w({0)p 951 929 V 50 w({0)p -1043 929 V 49 w({1)p 1134 929 V 49 w({1)p 1225 929 V 50 w({1)p -1317 929 V 49 w({1)p 1408 929 V 368 972 a FE(Numb)n(er)14 b(of)h(1s)179 -b FJ(0)71 b(1)f(1)g(2)h(1)f(2)g(2)h(3)0 1056 y(The)13 b(original)d(w)o(ord)i -(has)g(b)q(een)i(replaced)f(with)f(a)f(set)j(of)d(t)o(w)o(elv)o(e)h(n)o(um)o -(b)q(ers)g(whose)h(sum)e(is)h(equal)g(to)g(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)0 -1106 y(of)g(1s)g(in)g(the)h(original.)i(The)d(next)h(three)h(instructions)f -(add)f(pairs)g(of)g(adjacen)o(t)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(so)h(as)f(to)g(replace)h -(the)0 1155 y(original)c(t)o(w)o(elv)o(e)j(b)o(y)f(six)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g -(whose)h(sum)e(is)h(still)g(the)g(same.)17 b(These)d(new)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g -(are)h(isolated)f(in)g(6{bit)0 1205 y(pieces)i(of)f(the)h(w)o(ord,)f(so)g -(they)h(can)f(b)q(e)h(regarded)g(as)g(digits)e(in)h(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(in) -h(base)h(64.)j(An)o(y)c(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(is)g(simply)0 1255 -y(the)i(sum)f(of)g(the)h(v)n(alues)g(of)f(its)g(digits;)g(i.e.,)g(of)g(its)h -(digits)f(eac)o(h)h(m)o(ultiplied)d(b)o(y)i(an)h(appropriate)f(p)q(o)o(w)o -(er)h(of)f(the)0 1305 y(base.)19 b(Dividing)13 b(eac)o(h)h(suc)o(h)h(addend)g -(b)o(y)f(1)f(less)i(than)f(the)h(base)g(giv)o(es)f(the)h(digit)e(itself)h(as) -g(remainder.)k(Hence,)0 1355 y(the)d(third)g(part)f(of)g(the)h(routine)g -(simply)e(divides)h(the)h(6{digit)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(b)o(y)g(63,)g(pro)q -(ducing)g(in)g(B)h(a)g(remainder)0 1404 y(that)f(is)g(the)g(sum)f(of)g(the)i -(remainders)e(from)g(the)h(individual)e(digits;)h(i.e.,)f(the)j(sum)d(of)i -(the)g(digits.)1580 1389 y Fs(75)174 1529 y FB(MOVE)87 b(B,A)370 -b(;Copy)20 b(in)i(B)174 1579 y(LSH)109 b(B,-1)348 b(;Right)20 -b(1)174 1629 y(AND)109 b(B,[333333,,33333)o(3])41 b(;Mask)20 -b(out)h(LSBs)174 1678 y(SUB)109 b(A,B)370 b(;)p Fz(D)10 b FH(\000)g(b)p -Fz(D)q(=)p FJ(2)p FH(c)174 1728 y FB(LSH)109 b(B,-1)348 b(;Right)20 -b(1)i(again)174 1778 y(AND)109 b(B,[333333,,33333)o(3])41 b(;Mask)20 -b(out)h(middle)g(bits)174 1828 y(SUBB)87 b(A,B)370 b(;)p Fz(D)10 -b FH(\000)g(b)p Fz(D)q(=)p FJ(2)p FH(c)g(\000)f(b)p Fz(D)q(=)p -FJ(4)p FH(c)p FB(;)23 b(two)e(copies)174 1878 y(LSH)109 b(B,-3)348 -b(;Shift)20 b(right)h(1)g FE(o)n(ctal)26 b FB(digit)174 1927 -y(ADD)109 b(A,B)370 b(;Add)21 b(numbers)f(in)h(digit)g(pairs)174 -1977 y(AND)109 b(A,[070707,,07070)o(7])41 b(;Throw)20 b(out)h(extra)g(pair)g -(sums)174 2027 y(IDIVI)65 b(A,77)348 b(;Divide)20 b(by)h(63,)g(sum)h(in)f(B)0 -2187 y FJ(If)11 b(it)f(is)h(kno)o(wn)g(that)g(the)h(1s)f(in)f(the)i(w)o(ord)f -(are)g(en)o(tirely)h(con)o(tained)f(within)f(bits)h(22{35)f(\(the)i(righ)o -(tmost)d(fourteen)0 2237 y(bits\),)18 b(the)f(follo)o(wing)e(somewhat)h -(shorter)i(routine)g(can)f(b)q(e)h(used.)28 b(This)17 b(is)g(faster)h(than)f -(the)h(lo)q(op)e(for)h(more)0 2287 y(than)e(sev)o(en)g(1s.)21 -b(It)15 b(\014rst)g(treats)h(the)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(in)g(quaternary)m(,)h -(replacing)f(eac)o(h)i(digit)d(with)i(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(1s)0 -2337 y(in)f(it,)g(and)h(then)h(con)o(v)o(erts)g(from)d(quaternary)i(to)g -(hexadecimal.)p 0 2371 720 2 v 31 2398 a Fr(75)64 2410 y Fq(In)9 -b(general)g(terms,)g(this)h(is)g(the)g(statemen)o(t)d(that)j(the)f(sum)h -Fi(S)j Fq(of)d(the)g(digits)f(in)h(an)o(y)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -Fi(N)15 b Fq(in)10 b(base)f Fi(b)i Fq(is)f Fi(N)k Fq(mo)q(d)8 -b(\()p Fi(b)d Fj(\000)h Fq(1\)|)0 2449 y Fh(pr)n(ovide)n(d)15 -b(b)f Fq(is)e(delib)q(erately)c(c)o(hosen)i(suc)o(h)h(that)g -Fi(S)h(<)f(b)d Fj(\000)h Fq(1.)15 b(The)d(condition)d(holds)i(here,)f(of)i -(course,)e(b)q(ecause)f(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(1s)0 2489 -y(in)h(a)g(PDP{10)f(w)o(ord)h(is)g(at)g(most)f(36.)16 b(It)c(is,)g(in)g -(fact,)f(to)g(mak)o(e)g(this)h(condition)d(hold)i(that)g(the)g(routine)g(con) -o(v)o(erts)f(from)g(base)i(8)g(to)0 2528 y(base)f(64.)p eop -%%Page: 177 127 -177 126 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.15.)31 b(PR)o(OGRAMMING)12 b(EXAMPLES)1035 -b FJ(177)324 245 y FB(MOVEI)65 b(B,\(A\))324 295 y(LSH)109 -b(B,-1)324 345 y(ANDI)87 b(B,12525)282 b(;Mask)20 b(out)h(LSBs)324 -394 y(SUBB)87 b(A,B)370 b(;)p Fz(D)10 b FH(\000)g(b)p Fz(D)q(=)p -FJ(2)p FH(c)p FB(;)22 b(two)f(copies)324 444 y(LSH)109 b(B,-2)348 -b(;Right)20 b(1)i(quaternary)d(digit)324 494 y(ANDI)87 b(A,31463)282 -b(;Mask)20 b(out)h(some)g(of)h(digits)e(in)i(A)324 544 y(ANDI)87 -b(B,31463)282 b(;The)21 b(rest)f(in)i(B)324 594 y(ADDI)87 b(A,\(B\))326 -b(;Now)21 b(combine)f(digit)h(pairs)324 643 y(IDIVI)65 b(A,17)348 -b(;Divide)20 b(by)h(15,)g(sum)h(in)f(B)150 804 y FJ(Note)15 -b(that)f(the)h(pair)e(of)h FC(ANDI)p FJ(s)g(gets)h(rid)f(of)g(one)g(out)g(of) -g(eac)o(h)g(set)h(of)f(t)o(w)o(o)g(iden)o(tical)f(bit)h(pairs)g(b)q(efore)h -(adding.)150 854 y(This)g(is)g(done)h(b)q(ecause)h(there)f(can)g(b)q(e)g -(digit)e(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w;)h(i.e.,)f(a)h(resulting)g(hexadecimal)f(digit)g -(can)i(ha)o(v)o(e)f(more)150 903 y(than)f(t)o(w)o(o)f(signi\014can)o(t)h -(bits.)150 1055 y FF(2.15.5)55 b(Num)n(b)r(er)17 b(Con)n(v)n(ersion)150 -1168 y FJ(In)d(the)i(standard)f(algorithm)c(for)j(con)o(v)o(erting)h(a)f(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)g FE(N)21 b FJ(to)14 b(its)h(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(in)g(base)h -FE(b)s FJ(,)f(one)g(p)q(erforms)g(the)150 1217 y(series)h(of)f(divisions)823 -1394 y Fz(N)q(=b)41 b FJ(=)h Fz(q)1030 1400 y Fs(1)1057 1394 -y FJ(+)10 b Fz(r)1118 1400 y Fs(1)1136 1394 y Fz(=b;)29 b(r)1235 -1400 y Fs(1)1265 1394 y Fz(<)12 b(b)820 1457 y(q)839 1463 y -Fs(1)857 1457 y Fz(=b)41 b FJ(=)h Fz(q)1030 1463 y Fs(2)1057 -1457 y FJ(+)10 b Fz(r)1118 1463 y Fs(2)1136 1457 y Fz(=b;)29 -b(r)1235 1463 y Fs(2)1265 1457 y Fz(<)12 b(b)820 1519 y(q)839 -1525 y Fs(2)857 1519 y Fz(=b)41 b FJ(=)h Fz(q)1030 1525 y Fs(3)1057 -1519 y FJ(+)10 b Fz(r)1118 1525 y Fs(3)1136 1519 y Fz(=b;)29 -b(r)1235 1525 y Fs(3)1265 1519 y Fz(<)12 b(b)947 1575 y FJ(.)947 -1592 y(.)947 1608 y(.)773 1671 y Fz(q)792 1677 y Fw(n)p Fp(\000)p -Fs(1)857 1671 y Fz(=b)41 b FJ(=)h(0)9 b(+)g Fz(r)1101 1677 -y Fw(n)1124 1671 y Fz(=b;)29 b(r)1223 1677 y Fw(n)1257 1671 -y Fz(<)11 b(b)150 1860 y FJ(The)j(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(in)h(base)g -Fz(b)g FJ(is)g(then)g Fz(r)714 1866 y Fw(n)744 1860 y Fz(:)7 -b(:)g(:)e(r)818 1866 y Fs(3)836 1860 y Fz(r)855 1866 y Fs(2)874 -1860 y Fz(r)893 1866 y Fs(1)911 1860 y FJ(.)18 b(F)m(or)13 -b(example,)g(the)h(o)q(ctal)g(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(of)g(61)g(decimal)g(is)g -(75:)884 2037 y(61)p Fz(=)p FJ(8)40 b(=)i(7)9 b(+)h(5)p Fz(=)p -FJ(8)905 2099 y(7)p Fz(=)p FJ(8)40 b(=)i(0)9 b(+)h(7)p Fz(=)p -FJ(8)150 2288 y(The)20 b(follo)o(wing)c(decimal)i(prin)o(t)h(routine)g(con)o -(v)o(erts)i(a)d(36{bit)h(p)q(ositiv)o(e)g(in)o(teger)g(in)g(accum)o(ulator)f -FC(T)h FJ(to)g(dec-)150 2338 y(imal)e(and)j(t)o(yp)q(es)h(it)f(out.)36 -b(The)20 b(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f FC(T)g FJ(and)f FC(T+1)i FJ(are)f(destro)o -(y)o(ed.)37 b(The)21 b(routine)f(is)g(called)g(b)o(y)f(a)150 -2388 y FC(PUSHJ)13 b(P)m(,DECPNT)n FJ(,)g(where)i FC(P)f FJ(is)g(the)g(stac)o -(k)g(p)q(oin)o(ter.)p eop -%%Page: 178 128 -178 127 bop 0 50 a FJ(178)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 245 y FB(DECPNT:)20 b(IDIVI)65 b(T,12)260 -b(;)p FJ(12)761 251 y Fs(8)813 245 y FJ(=)33 b(10)920 251 y -Fs(10)174 295 y FB(PUSH)87 b(P,T+1)238 b(;Save)21 b(remainder)174 -345 y(SKIPE)65 b(T)326 b(;All)21 b(digits)g(formed?)174 394 -y(PUSHJ)65 b(P,DECPNT)172 b(;No,)21 b(compute)g(next)g(one)0 -444 y(DECPN1:)f(POP)109 b(P,T)282 b(;Yes,)21 b(take)g(out)g(in)h(opposite)e -(order)174 494 y(ADDI)87 b(T,60)260 b(;Convert)21 b(to)g(ASCII)g(\(60)g(is)g -(code)g(for)g("0"\))174 544 y(JRST)87 b(TTYOUT)216 b(;Type)21 -b(out)0 704 y FJ(This)d(routine)g(rep)q(eats)i(the)f(division)e(un)o(til)g -(it)h(pro)q(duces)h(a)f(zero)h(quotien)o(t.)31 b(Hence,)20 -b(it)e(suppresses)j(leading)0 754 y(zeros;)14 b(but,)e(since)i(it)e(is)g -(executed)j(at)d(least)h(once,)g(it)f(outputs)h(one)g(\\0")f(if)g(the)h(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)f(is)g(zero.)18 b(The)13 b FC(TTYOUT)0 804 y FJ(routine)h -(returns)i(with)d(a)h FC(POPJ)e(P)m(,)g FJ(to)i FC(DECPN1)f -FJ(un)o(til)g(all)f(digits)i(are)g(t)o(yp)q(ed,)g(then)g(to)g(the)h(calling)d -(program.)0 889 y(In)g(section)h(zero)g(only)m(,)d(space)j(can)g(b)q(e)f(sa)o -(v)o(ed)g(in)g(the)h(stac)o(k)f(b)o(y)g(storing)g(the)g(computed)g(digits)f -(in)h(the)g(left)g(halv)o(es)0 939 y(of)h(the)h(lo)q(cations)g(that)g(con)o -(tain)f(the)h(jump)e(addresses.)20 b(This)14 b(is)g(accomplished)e(in)i(the)g -(decimal)e(prin)o(t)i(routine)0 989 y(b)o(y)g(c)o(hanging)262 -1113 y FB(PUSH)64 b(P,T+1)56 b FJ(to)88 b FB(HRLM)42 b(T+1,\(P\))64 -b(;section)20 b(zero)h(only)14 1163 y FJ(and)262 1213 y FB(POP)86 -b(P,T)100 b FJ(to)88 b FB(HLRZ)42 b(T,\(P\))108 b(;section)20 -b(zero)h(only)0 1373 y FJ(The)14 b(routine)g(can)h(handle)e(a)h(36{bit)f -(unsigned)h(in)o(teger)g(if)f(the)i FC(IDIVI)d(T,12)h FJ(is)h(replaced)h(b)o -(y)174 1498 y FB(LSHC)87 b(T,-^D35)194 b(;Shift)21 b(right)g(35)g(bits)g -(into)g(T+1)174 1548 y(LSH)109 b(T+1,-1)216 b(;Vacate)21 b(the)g(T+1)g(sign)g -(bit)174 1597 y(DIVI)87 b(T,12)260 b(;Divide)21 b(double)f(length)h(integer)f -(by)i(10)0 1824 y FF(2.15.6)55 b(T)-5 b(able)19 b(Searc)n(hing)0 -1937 y FJ(Man)o(y)d(data)h(pro)q(cessing)h(situations)f(in)o(v)o(olv)o(e)e -(searc)o(hing)j(for)e(information)e(in)j(tables)g(and)g(lists)g(of)f(all)g -(kinds.)0 1986 y(Supp)q(ose)e(one)f(wishes)h(to)e(\014nd)i(a)e(particular)h -(item)e(in)i(a)g(table)f(b)q(eginning)h(at)f(lo)q(cation)h -FC(T)m(AB)f FJ(and)g(con)o(taining)g FE(N)0 2036 y FJ(items.)110 -2021 y Fs(76)165 2036 y FJ(Accum)o(ulator)i FC(T)h FJ(con)o(tains)f(the)i -(item.)j(The)c(righ)o(t)f(half)g(of)g FC(A)h FJ(is)f(used)i(to)f(index)f -(through)h(the)h(table,)0 2086 y(while)d(the)i(left)f(half)e(k)o(eeps)j(a)f -(con)o(trol)g(coun)o(t)g(to)f(signal)g(when)i(a)e(searc)o(h)i(is)f -(unsuccessful.)174 2210 y FB(MOVSI)65 b(A,-N)260 b(;Put)21 -b FH(\000)p Fz(N)5 b FB(,,0)22 b(in)f(A)174 2260 y(CAMN)87 -b(T,TAB\(A\))172 b(;Skip)21 b(if)h(current)e(item)h(not)g(the)g(one)174 -2310 y(JRST)87 b(FOUND)238 b(;Item)21 b(found)174 2360 y(AOBJN)65 -b(A,.-2)238 b(;Try)21 b(next)g(item)g(until)g(left)g(count)g(=)g(0)174 -2410 y(...)457 b(;Item)21 b(not)g(in)h(list)p 0 2486 720 2 -v 31 2513 a Fr(76)64 2525 y Fi(N)14 b Fq(is)d(restricted:)h(it)f(m)o(ust)f(b) -q(e)g Fj(\024)g Fq(2)535 2513 y Fr(17)567 2525 y Fq(.)16 b(Other)10 -b(searc)o(h)f(metho)q(ds)g(are)h(advisable)e(b)q(efore)i Fi(N)k -Fq(b)q(ecomes)9 b(this)h(large.)k(Because)9 b(this)0 2564 y(example)g(uses)i -(lo)q(cal)f(addresses,)g(the)g(table,)g Fv(T)m(AB)p Fq(,)h(m)o(ust)g(\014t)g -(en)o(tirely)e(in)i(one)g(section.)p eop -%%Page: 179 129 -179 128 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.15.)31 b(PR)o(OGRAMMING)12 b(EXAMPLES)1035 -b FJ(179)150 195 y(The)15 b(lo)q(cation)f(of)g(the)h(item)e(\(if)h(found\))g -(is)h(indicated)f(b)o(y)g(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)d(in)i(the)g(righ)o(t)f(half) -f(of)h FC(A)h FJ(\(its)f(address)i(is)150 245 y(that)e(quan)o(tit)o(y)f(plus) -h FC(T)m(AB)p FJ(\).)f(A)g(sligh)o(tly)g(di\013eren)o(t)i(pro)q(cedure)h(w)o -(ould)d(b)q(e)324 365 y FB(MOVSI)65 b(A,-N)324 415 y(CAME)87 -b(T,TAB\(A\))172 b(;Skip)21 b(if)h(current)e(item)h(is)g(the)g(one)324 -465 y(AOBJN)65 b(A,.-1)324 514 y(JUMPL)g(A,FOUND)194 b(;Jump)21 -b(if)h(left)e(count)h(<)h(0)324 564 y(...)457 b(;Item)21 b(not)g(found)150 -785 y FF(2.15.7)55 b(List)18 b(Manipulation)150 897 y FJ(Lo)q(cations)11 -b(used)i(for)e(a)g(list)g(can)h(b)q(e)g(scattered)h(throughout)f(one)f -(section)h(of)f(memory)e(if)i(data)g(is)g(k)o(ept)h(in)f(the)h(left)150 -947 y(half)f(of)g(eac)o(h)i(lo)q(cation)e(and)h(if)f(the)i(righ)o(t)e(half)g -(addresses)j(the)f(next)f(lo)q(cation)f(in)h(the)h(list.)k(The)12 -b(\014nal)f(lo)q(cation)g(in)150 997 y(the)k(list)f(is)h(indicated)f(b)o(y)h -(a)f(zero)h(righ)o(t)f(half.)19 b(The)c(follo)o(wing)d(routine)j(\014nds)g -(the)g(last)g(half{w)o(ord)e(item)g(in)h(the)150 1046 y(list.)j(It)11 -b(is)g(en)o(tered)i(at)e FC(FIND)g FJ(with)g(the)h(\014rst)g(lo)q(cation)e -(in)h(the)h(list)f(addressed)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(righ)o(t)e(half)h(of)f(accum)o -(ulator)150 1096 y FC(T)k FJ(and)g(zero)h(in)e(the)h(left)g(half)f(of)g(T.)h -(A)o(t)g(the)g(end,)g(the)g(\014nal)g(item)e(is)i(in)f(the)i(righ)o(t)e(half) -g(of)h FC(T)p FJ(.)324 1216 y FB(HRRZ)87 b(U,T)282 b(;Copy)21 -b(the)g(right)g(half)g(of)g(T)h(for)f(local)g(address)324 1266 -y(MOVE)87 b(T,\(U\))238 b(;Move)21 b(next)g(data)g(item)g(and)g(address)g(to) -g(T.)150 1316 y(FIND:)64 b(TRNE)87 b(T,-1)260 b(;Skip)21 b(if)h(T)f(right)g -(=)g(0;)h(-1)f(=)h(777777)324 1366 y(JRST)87 b(.-3)282 b(;not)21 -b(0,)h(not)f(end)g(of)g(list.)43 b(Get)21 b(next)g(item)324 -1416 y(HLRZ)87 b(T,T)282 b(;Move)21 b(final)g(item)g(to)g(right)150 -1572 y FJ(The)14 b(follo)o(wing)e(coun)o(ts)i(the)h(length)e(of)h(the)g(list) -g(in)f(accum)o(ulator)g FC(CNT)p FJ(.)324 1692 y FB(MOVEI)65 -b(CNT,0)238 b(;Clear)21 b(CNT)324 1741 y(JUMPE)65 b(T,OUT)238 -b(;Jump)21 b(out)g(if)h(T)f(contains)f(0)324 1791 y(HRRZ)87 -b(T,\(T\))238 b(;Get)21 b(next)g(address)324 1841 y(AOJA)87 -b(CNT,.-2)194 b(;Count)21 b(and)g(go)g(back)150 2061 y FF(2.15.8)55 -b(Extended)18 b(Addressing)150 2174 y FJ(F)m(or)d(simplicit)o(y)e(the)i -(preceding)i(examples)d(ha)o(v)o(e)h(emplo)o(y)o(ed)f(only)g(lo)q(cal)h -(addressing,)g(b)q(ecause)i(this)f(is)f(mostly)150 2224 y(what)j(a)h(t)o -(ypical)f(program)e(w)o(ould)i(use)i(ev)o(en)f(when)g(running)f(in)g(a)h -(non{zero)g(section.)33 b(The)19 b(follo)o(wing)d(are)150 2273 -y(straigh)o(tforw)o(ard)e(examples)g(to)g(sho)o(w)h(the)g(di\013erences)i(b)q -(et)o(w)o(een)f(lo)q(cal)e(and)h(extended)h(addressing,)f(with)f(and)150 -2323 y(without)d(indexing)g(and)g(indirection.)17 b(F)m(or)11 -b(the)h(follo)o(wing)d(examples,)i(the)h(program)d(is)j(assumed)f(to)g(b)q(e) -h(running)150 2373 y(in)h(section)i(22.)150 2459 y FE(L)n(o)n(c)n(al)g(r)n -(efer)n(enc)n(e)f(without)g(indexing)i(or)e(indir)n(e)n(ction)s -FJ(:)324 2579 y FB(MOVE)87 b(T,1000)p eop -%%Page: 180 130 -180 129 bop 0 50 a FJ(180)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(loads)f(accum)o(ulator)g FC(T)h -FJ(with)f(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(lo)q(cation)g(1000)g(in)g(section)i -(22.)0 281 y FE(L)n(o)n(c)n(al)g(indexing)t FJ(:)174 404 y -FB(MOVEI)65 b(X,100)174 454 y(MOVE)87 b(T,1000\(X\))0 614 y -FJ(loads)13 b FC(T)h FJ(with)f(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(lo)q(cation)g -(1100)f(in)h(section)i(22.)i(This)c(w)o(ould)g(t)o(ypically)f(b)q(e)i(used)h -(to)e(access)i(the)0 663 y(arra)o(y)i(elemen)o(t)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(100)486 -669 y Fs(8)504 663 y FJ(,)g(where)h(the)g(arra)o(y)f(origin)f(\(elemen)o(t)g -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(0\))g(is)f(lo)q(cated)i(at)f(1000)f(in)g(the)0 -713 y(curren)o(t)f(section.)174 837 y FB(SETZ)87 b(T,)174 887 -y(MOVNI)65 b(X,100)0 937 y(LOOP:)f(ADD)109 b(T,1000\(X\))174 -986 y(AOJL)87 b(X,LOOP)0 1146 y FJ(adds)14 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(lo)q -(cations)g(700{777)f(in)i(section)g(22;)f(the)i(sum)e(is)g(in)h -FC(T)p FJ(.)174 1269 y FB(SETZ)87 b(T,)174 1319 y(MOVSI)65 -b(X,-LENGTH)0 1369 y(LOOP:)f(ADD)109 b(T,511000\(X\))174 1419 -y(AOBJN)65 b(X,LOOP)0 1578 y FJ(adds)11 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)g(all)e -(lo)q(cations)i(in)f(an)h(arra)o(y)f(of)g(length)h FC(LENGTH)h -FJ(starting)f(at)g(lo)q(cation)f(511000)f(in)h(section)0 1628 -y(22.)17 b(F)m(or)c FC(A)o(OBJN)e FJ(to)i(w)o(ork)f(prop)q(erly)m(,)h -FC(LENGTH)g FJ(m)o(ust)f(not)h(exceed)h(400001.)i(Note)e(that,)e(since)i(lo)q -(cal)e(indexing)0 1678 y(is)i(used,)h(the)f(references)j(to)d(the)h(arra)o(y) -f(cannot)g(cross)i(in)o(to)d(section)i(23.)j(If)c FC(LENGTH)h -FJ(is)f(greater)h(than)f(267000)0 1728 y(\(1000000)t FH(\000)t -FJ(511000)8 b(=)k(267000\))e(the)i(arra)o(y)f(reference)i(at)e -FC(LOOP)g FJ(wraps)g(around,)g(\014rst)h(in)o(to)f(the)g(accum)o(ulators,)0 -1778 y(and)j(then)g(con)o(tin)o(uing)f(from)f(lo)q(cation)h(20)h(in)f -(section)i(22.)0 1863 y FE(Glob)n(al)g(indexing)t FJ(:)174 -1987 y FB(MOVE)87 b(X,[30,,1000])174 2037 y(ADD)109 b(T,100\(X\))0 -2196 y FJ(adds)16 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)d(lo)q(cation)h(1100)f(in)h -(section)h(30)e(to)h FC(T)p FJ(.)g(Note)h(that)f(if)g(the)g(literal)g(w)o -(ere)h(\\22,,1000")c(the)0 2246 y FC(ADD)g FJ(w)o(ould)h(address)h(lo)q -(cation)e(1100)g(in)g(the)h(curren)o(t)i(section,)e(ev)o(en)h(though)e(the)i -(indexing)e(is)h(global.)174 2370 y FB(MOVE)87 b(X,[30,,1000])174 -2419 y(ADD)109 b(T,-100\(X\))0 2579 y FJ(adds)18 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of) -f(lo)q(cation)f(700)g(in)h(section)g(30)g(to)g FC(T)p FJ(.)g(W)m(ere)g(the)h -(address)g(p)q(ortion)f(\()p FE(Y)8 b FJ(\))18 b(of)g(the)g -FC(ADD)0 2629 y FJ(instruction)c FH(\000)p FJ(1000,)e(it)g(w)o(ould)h -(reference)i(storage)f(lo)q(cation)e(0)h(in)g(section)h(30)f(\(not)g(a)g -(fast{memory)d(lo)q(cation\).)p eop -%%Page: 181 131 -181 130 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.15.)31 b(PR)o(OGRAMMING)12 b(EXAMPLES)1035 -b FJ(181)150 195 y(F)m(urthermore,)18 b(if)g(the)g(address)i(p)q(ortion)d(w)o -(ere)i FH(\000)p FJ(2000,)f(it)g(w)o(ould)f(address)i(lo)q(cation)e(777000)g -(in)g(section)i(27,)150 245 y(b)q(ecause)d(global)c(indexing)h(can)h(cross)h -(the)g(section)f(b)q(oundary)m(.)150 330 y FE(L)n(o)n(c)n(al)h(indir)n(e)n -(ction)s FJ(:)324 447 y FB(MOVEI)65 b(T1,100)324 497 y(MOVEM)g(T1,1000)324 -547 y(ADD)109 b(T,@1000)150 699 y FJ(adds)14 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e -(lo)q(cation)g(100)g(in)g(section)i(22)e(to)h FC(T)p FJ(.)150 -784 y FE(Glob)n(al)h(indir)n(e)n(ction)s FJ(.)324 901 y FB(MOVE)87 -b(T,@[30,,1000])150 1053 y FJ(loads)13 b FC(T)h FJ(with)g(the)g(con)o(ten)o -(ts)h(of)f(lo)q(cation)f(1000)g(in)g(section)i(30.)i(If)d(lo)q(cation)f(3000) -f(in)i(section)g(30)g(con)o(tained)324 1169 y FB(MOVE)87 b(T,2000)150 -1322 y FJ(then,)14 b(in)g(the)g(curren)o(t)h(section)g(\(22\),)e(p)q -(erforming)g(the)h(instruction)324 1438 y FB(XCT)109 b(@[30,,3000])150 -1590 y FJ(w)o(ould)12 b(load)g FC(T)h FJ(with)g(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e -(lo)q(cation)g(2000)g(in)h(section)g(30,)f(b)q(ecause)j(the)f(e\013ectiv)o -(e{address)h(compu-)150 1640 y(tation)e(of)h(the)g(target)h(of)e(the)h -FC(X)o(CT)g FJ(is)f(p)q(erformed)h(in)g(that)g(instruction's)g(section)g -(rather)h(than)f(in)g(the)g(section)150 1690 y(where)h(the)g -FC(X)o(CT)e FJ(app)q(ears.)19 b(If)13 b(lo)q(cation)g(4000)g(in)g(section)i -(30)e(w)o(ere)i(to)f(con)o(tain)324 1806 y FB(JSR)109 b(SUBR)150 -1959 y FJ(then)15 b(an)324 2075 y FB(XCT)109 b(@[30,,4000])150 -2227 y FJ(p)q(erformed)12 b(in)g(lo)q(cation)g(100)g(in)g(section)h(22)g(w)o -(ould)e(transfer)j(con)o(trol)e(to)h FC(SUBR+1)e FJ(in)i(section)g(30,)f(but) -h(the)g(PC)150 2277 y(sa)o(v)o(ed)h(in)e(30,,)p FC(SUBR)f FJ(w)o(ould)i(b)q -(e)h(22,,101,)d(b)q(ecause)k(the)f FC(X)o(CT)e FJ(itself)h(is)g(p)q(erformed) -h(in)e(the)i(curren)o(t)h(PC)f(section,)150 2327 y(whic)o(h)g(is)g(22.)150 -2413 y FE(Glob)n(al)h(indir)n(e)n(ction)f(with)g(indexing)t -FJ(:)324 2529 y FB(MOVEI)65 b(X,100)324 2579 y(MOVE)87 b(T,@[BYTE\(1\)0,0\(4) -o(\)X\(12)o(\)30\(1)o(8\)10)o(00])p eop -%%Page: 182 132 -182 131 bop 0 50 a FJ(182)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(loads)h FC(T)g FJ(with)g(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)i -(of)d(lo)q(cation)g(1100)g(in)h(section)h(30.)21 b(The)16 b -FC(BYTE)e FJ(op)q(erator)i(has)f(created)i(a)e(global)0 245 -y(indirect)f(w)o(ord)f(in)g(whic)o(h)g(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -FC(X)g FJ(has)g(b)q(een)i(placed)e(in)g(bits)h(2{5)e(of)h(the)h(w)o(ord)f -(and)g(in)g(whic)o(h)g(30,,1000)0 295 y(has)h(b)q(een)h(placed)f(in)g(bits)g -(6{35.)174 419 y FB(MOVE)87 b(X,[2000000-1])193 b(;2)22 b(sections)e(worth)0 -469 y(LOOP:)64 b(ADD)109 b(T,@[BYTE\(1\)0,0\(4)o(\)X\(12)o(\)30\(1)o(8\)10)o -(00])174 519 y(SOJGE)65 b(X,LOOP)0 679 y FJ(adds)14 b(the)h(512K)e(arra)o(y)h -(from)f(lo)q(cation)g(777)g(in)h(section)g(32)g(do)o(wn)g(to)f(1000)h(in)f -(section)i(30.)j(Note)c(that,)g(ev)o(en)h(if)0 729 y(the)i(arra)o(y)f(con)o -(tained)g(few)o(er)g(than)g(2)605 714 y Fs(17)656 729 y FJ(w)o(ords)h(and)f -(did)f(not)h(cross)i(a)d(section)i(b)q(oundary)m(,)f(it)g(w)o(ould)f(still)g -(not)0 779 y(b)q(e)g(p)q(ossible)g(to)f(use)i FC(A)o(OBJN)d -FJ(for)h(the)i(lo)q(op,)d(b)q(ecause)j(global)d(indexing)h(uses)i(the)f(en)o -(tire)h(index)e(register.)22 b(The)0 829 y(follo)o(wing)11 -b(gets)k(the)f(same)f(result)i(with)f(negativ)o(e)f(indexing.)174 -953 y FB(MOVE)87 b(X,[-2000000+1])0 1003 y(LOOP:)64 b(ADD)109 -b(T,@[BYTE\(1\)0\(4\)X)o(\(12\)3)o(2\(18\))o(777])174 1053 -y(AOJLE)65 b(X,LOOP)0 1301 y FA(2.16)70 b(Unim)o(ple)o(m)m(en)n(ted)20 -b(Op)r(erations)0 1427 y FJ(Co)q(des)12 b(not)f(assigned)h(as)f(sp)q -(eci\014c)i(instructions)f(act)g(as)f(unimplemen)o(ted)f(op)q(erations,)h -(wherein)h(the)g(w)o(ord)f(giv)o(en)0 1477 y(as)f(an)f(instruction)h(is)g -(trapp)q(ed,)h(either)g(b)q(ecause)g(it)e(should)h(not)g(b)q(e)g(giv)o(en)f -(or)h(b)q(ecause)h(it)f(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)j(in)o(terpreted)g(b)o(y)0 -1527 y(a)h(routine)h(included)f(for)g(this)g(purp)q(ose)i(b)o(y)e(the)h -(programmer.)i(Co)q(des)e(that)f(are)h(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(for)i(in)o -(terpretiv)o(e)h(use)0 1577 y(are)i(unimplemen)o(ted)e(user)j(op)q(erations,) -f(or)f(UUOs)i(\(the)g(sev)o(eral)f(mnemonics)e(men)o(tioned)g(in)i(this)f -(discussion)0 1626 y(are)j(for)f(con)o(v)o(enience)i(and)e(mean)f(nothing)h -(to)h(the)g(assem)o(bler\).)25 b(Co)q(des)18 b(in)e(the)h(range)g(001{037)d -(are)j(for)f(the)0 1676 y(lo)q(cal)g(use)i(\(LUUOs\))f(of)g(the)g(user)h(or)f -(the)g(executiv)o(e.)28 b(V)m(arious)16 b(other)h(co)q(des)h(are)g(set)f -(aside)g(sp)q(eci\014cally)g(for)0 1726 y(user)f(comm)o(unication)c(with)i -(the)i(Monitor)e(or)h(for)g(comm)o(unicatio)o(n)d(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)17 -b(one)e(lev)o(el)g(of)f(the)i(Monitor)e(and)0 1776 y(another;)f(in)g(either)h -(case)g(these)g(MUUOs)g(are)f(in)o(terpreted)i(b)o(y)e(the)g(Monitor.)k -(Basic)d(co)q(des)g(\(except)h(000\))d(that)0 1826 y(are)h(not)f(used)h(for)f -(instructions)h(or)f(UUOs)i(and)e(extended)i(co)q(des)f(not)f(used)i(b)o(y)e -FC(EXTEND)g FJ(are)h(regarded)g(as)f(the)0 1875 y(unassigned)h(co)q(des;)h -(000)e(is)h(regarded)g(as)g(an)g(illegal)e(co)q(de.)18 b(All)12 -b(unassigned)h(or)g(illegal)e(co)q(des)j(are)f(pro)q(cessed)i(as)0 -1925 y(MUUOs.)0 2077 y FF(2.16.1)55 b(LUUOs)0 2190 y FJ(Let)14 -b(us)h(consider)f(\014rst)h(ho)o(w)f(an)f(LUUO)i(w)o(orks.)p -0 2430 1495 4 v 0 2356 V -2 2429 4 75 v 1493 2429 V 538 2429 -V 579 2429 V 746 2429 V 12 2460 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 2406 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2460 -y Fq(8)p 372 2429 V 24 w(9)441 2406 y FE(A)332 2322 y Fk(Lo)r(cal)19 -b(Unimplemented)h(User)e(Op)r(eration)114 2405 y FJ(001{037)0 -2556 y(If)13 b(the)h(program)e(is)i(running)f(in)g(section)i(zero,)f(store)g -(the)g(instruction)g(co)q(de,)g FE(A)p FJ(,)f(and)h(the)g(e\013ectiv)o -(e{address)i FE(E)0 2606 y FJ(in)f(bits)h(0{8,)f(9{12,)g(and)h(18{35,)f(resp) -q(ectiv)o(ely)m(,)i(of)e(lo)q(cation)g(40;)h(clear)g(bits)g(13{17)f(of)g(lo)q -(cation)g(40.)23 b(Execute)p eop -%%Page: 183 133 -183 132 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.16.)31 b(UNIMPLEMENTED)15 b(OPERA)m(TIONS)943 -b FJ(183)150 195 y(the)14 b(instruction)f(con)o(tained)g(in)g(lo)q(cation)f -(41.)17 b(The)d(original)d(con)o(ten)o(ts)j(of)e(lo)q(cation)g(40)h(are)g -(lost.)18 b(Ev)o(ery)c(LUUO)150 245 y(in)h(section)h(zero)g(uses)h(some)e -(pair)g(of)g(lo)q(cations)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)i(40)f(and)g(41,)g(but)g(whic)o -(h)h(pair)f(dep)q(ends)i(up)q(on)e(the)150 295 y(circumstances.)20 -b(An)14 b(LUUO)h(in)e(a)h(user)h(program)e(uses)i(virtual)f(lo)q(cations)f -(40)h(and)g(41)f(and)h(is)g(th)o(us)h(en)o(tirely)f(a)150 345 -y(part)f(of)f(and)g(under)i(con)o(trol)e(of)g(the)i(user)f(program.)j(The)e -(lo)q(cations)e(used)h(in)g(executiv)o(e)g(mo)q(de)f(dep)q(end)i(on)e(the)150 -394 y(pro)q(cessor:)455 527 y(XKL)546 523 y(-)558 527 y(1,)i(KL10,)f(KS10)91 -b(40)13 b(and)h(41)f(in)h(executiv)o(e)h(virtual)e(space)455 -577 y(KI10)374 b(40)13 b(and)h(41)f(in)h(the)g(executiv)o(e)h(pro)q(cess)h -(table)455 627 y(KA10)358 b(Unrelo)q(cated)15 b(40)e(and)h(41)1329 -612 y Fs(77)150 710 y FJ(If)i(the)i(program)d(is)h(running)g(in)h(a)f -(non{zero)h(section,)h(p)q(erform)e(the)h(op)q(erations)g(describ)q(ed)h(b)q -(elo)o(w,)f(using)f(a)150 760 y(blo)q(c)o(k)g(of)f(four)h(consecutiv)o(e)h -(lo)q(cations)f(b)q(eginning)f(at)h(the)h(address)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)f -(bits)g(6{35)f(of)h(lo)q(cation)f(420)150 810 y(in)e(the)h(executiv)o(e)g(or) -f(user)i(pro)q(cess)g(table)e(\()p FB(UP.ULO==:420)p FJ(\).)j(The)d(UPT,)g -(whic)o(h)g(is)h(used)g(when)g(the)f(LUUO)h(is)150 860 y(executed)h(from)c -(user)j(mo)q(de,)e(sp)q(eci\014es)i(a)f(user)h(address;)g(the)g(EPT,)e(used)i -(for)f(executiv)o(e)h(LUUOs,)f(sp)q(eci\014es)i(an)150 910 -y(executiv)o(e)g(address.)150 995 y(In)e(the)g(\014rst)h(t)o(w)o(o)e(lo)q -(cations,)g(sa)o(v)o(e)h(the)g(program)e(\015ags)i(and)f(PC)h(in)g(a)f -(\015ag{PC)g(double)h(w)o(ord;)f(clear)h(bits)g(13{17)150 1045 -y(and)h(31{35)g(of)f(the)j(\015ag)e(w)o(ord;)g(store)h(the)g(instruction)g -(op)q(co)q(de)g(and)g FE(A)f FJ(in)g(bits)h(18{26)e(and)h(27{30)f(of)h(the)h -(\015ag)150 1095 y(w)o(ord,)e(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)19 b(In)14 -b(the)h(third)f(lo)q(cation,)e(store)j FE(E)k FJ(in)13 b(bits)h(6{35)f -(\(clear)i(bits)e(0{5\).)p 233 1486 1495 2 v 232 1485 2 299 -v 233 1187 1495 2 v 1727 1485 2 299 v 357 1498 2 13 v 481 1498 -V 606 1498 V 730 1498 V 855 1498 V 979 1506 2 21 v 1104 1498 -2 13 v 1228 1498 V 1353 1498 V 1478 1498 V 1602 1498 V 150 -1447 a(3)p 233 1412 1495 2 v 150 1372 a(2)p 233 1337 V 150 -1297 a(1)p 233 1262 V 150 1223 a(0)735 1516 y Fs(12)p 772 1261 -2 75 v -523 w(0)p 232 1261 V 455 1234 a FJ(Flags)943 1516 y -Fs(17)p 979 1261 V -200 w(13)p 772 1261 V 866 1237 a FJ(0)1317 -1516 y Fs(26)p 1353 1261 V -367 w(18)p 979 1261 V 1019 1234 -a FJ(LUUO)h(Op)g(Co)q(de)1483 1516 y Fs(30)p 1519 1261 V -159 -w(27)p 1353 1261 V 1421 1238 a FE(A)1690 1516 y Fs(35)p 1727 -1261 V -200 w(31)p 1519 1261 V 1613 1237 a FJ(0)453 1516 y -Fs(5)p 481 1336 V -224 w(0)p 232 1336 V 347 1312 a FJ(0)1690 -1516 y Fs(35)p 1727 1336 V -1229 w(6)p 481 1336 V 1076 1313 -a FJ(PC)453 1516 y Fs(5)p 481 1411 V -224 w(0)p 232 1411 V -347 1387 a FJ(0)1690 1516 y Fs(35)p 1727 1411 V -1229 w(6)p -481 1411 V 1091 1388 a FE(E)453 1516 y Fs(5)p 481 1485 V -224 -w(0)p 232 1485 V 347 1461 a FJ(0)1690 1516 y Fs(35)p 1727 1485 -V -1229 w(6)p 481 1485 V 1029 1462 a FJ(New)g(PC)150 1654 y(Then)h(load)e -(bits)h(6{35)f(of)h(the)g(fourth)h(lo)q(cation)e(in)o(to)g(PC)i(and)f(con)o -(tin)o(ue)g(p)q(erforming)f(instructions)h(in)g(normal)150 -1704 y(sequence)h(b)q(eginning)e(at)f(the)i(lo)q(cation)e(then)i(addressed)h -(b)o(y)d(PC.)18 b(If)13 b(the)h(LUUO)f(is)g(from)e(user)j(mo)q(de,)e(the)i -(new)150 1754 y(PC)i(is)g(a)f(user)i(PC;)f(if)f(the)h(LUUO)h(is)e(from)f -(exec)j(mo)q(de,)e(the)i(new)f(PC)g(is)g(an)f(exec)i(PC.)24 -b(If)16 b FE(E)21 b FJ(is)16 b(a)f(lo)q(cal)g(A)o(C)150 1803 -y(address,)g(store)g(it)e(in)g(global)g(form)f(\(i.e.,)g(with)i(a)g(section)g -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(1\).)150 1955 y FF(2.16.2)55 b(MUUOs)150 -2068 y FJ(The)13 b(actions)f(of)f(MUUOs)i(dep)q(end)h(to)e(a)f(considerable)i -(degree)h(on)e(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(and)e(also)g(on)f(whic)o(h)h(Monitor)150 -2118 y(is)i(in)f(use.)19 b(These)c(are)f(the)h(MUUO)f(co)q(des.)473 -2242 y(TOPS{20)299 b(104,)13 b(040{051,)e(055{077)i(in)g(section)i(zero)473 -2292 y(TOPS{10)f(except)h(KA10)50 b(040{051,)12 b(055{077)473 -2342 y(KA10)370 b(040{051,)12 b(055{100)150 2425 y(MUUOs)k(ha)o(v)o(e)f -(considerable)h(\015exibilit)o(y)e(in)g(the)i(w)o(a)o(y)f(they)g(can)h(alter) -f(the)h(op)q(erating)f(c)o(haracteristics)i(of)d(the)p 150 -2460 720 2 v 181 2487 a Fr(77)214 2499 y Fq(If)f(a)i(single)e(memory)e(serv)o -(es)j(as)g(memory)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(0)i(for)f(t)o(w)o(o)i(KA10)f(pro)q -(cessors,)f(the)g(second)g(pro)q(cessor)f(\(with)i(the)f(trap)150 -2538 y(o\013set\))c(uses)i(unrelo)q(cate)o(d)d(140{141)h(and)h(160{161)e -(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)g(for)i(eac)o(h)g(instance)f(in)h(whic)o(h)g(40{41)g(and) -g(60{61)f(are)h(giv)o(en)f(here.)150 2577 y(The)k(o\013set)g(do)q(es)f(not)h -(apply)f(to)h(user)f(LUUOs)j(b)q(ecause)d(it)h(is)g(assumed)f(that)g(the)h -(Monitor)f(w)o(ould)h(relo)q(cate)e(these)i(to)g(di\013eren)o(t)150 -2617 y(ph)o(ysical)c(blo)q(c)o(ks.)p eop -%%Page: 184 134 -184 133 bop 0 50 a FJ(184)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(mac)o(hine)f(\(mo)q(de,)f(section\).)19 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)14 b(the)g(information)d(that)j(go)o(v)o(erns)g(the)h -(alterations)e(is)h(con)o(tained)g(in)f(the)0 245 y(user)i(pro)q(cess)h -(table)d(and)h(is)g(therefore)h(assumed)f(to)g(b)q(e)g(under)h(sole)f(con)o -(trol)f(of)h(the)g(k)o(ernel)g(program.)0 330 y(The)f(unassigned)h(co)q(des,) -f(whic)o(h)g(are)g(listed)g(in)g(App)q(endix)g(C,)f(are)h(not)g(MUUOs,)h(but) -f(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(reacts)f(to)0 380 y(them)g(in)g(the)i(same)e(w)o(a)o -(y)g(in)g(order)h(to)g(turn)g(con)o(trol)g(o)o(v)o(er)f(to)h(the)g(Monitor.) -21 b(\(In)15 b(the)g(KA10)g(there)h(are)f(minor)0 430 y(di\013erences,)f -(explained)e(b)q(elo)o(w.\))18 b(The)12 b(pro)q(cessor)j(also)c(tak)o(es)i -(the)g(same)e(action)h(if)f(the)i(program)e(giv)o(es)h(a)g(JRST)0 -480 y(with)h(an)g(unde\014ned)h(function,)f(an)g(instruction)g(that)h(is)f -(illegal)e(b)q(ecause)k(of)d(the)i(con)o(text)g(in)f(whic)o(h)g(it)g(is)g -(giv)o(en,)0 530 y(an)i(extended)i(instruction)f(with)f(incorrectly)h -(formatted)f(accum)o(ulators,)f(or)i(co)q(de)g(000.)22 b(The)16 -b(last)f(is)g(so)h(that)0 580 y(con)o(trol)g(returns)j(to)d(the)h(Monitor)f -(should)h(a)f(user)i(program)d(wip)q(e)h(itself)h(out)f(or)h(inadv)o(erten)o -(tly)f(attempt)g(to)0 629 y(execute)g(a)d(lo)q(cation)g(that)h(has)g(b)q(een) -h(cleared.)0 715 y(The)f(rest)h(of)e(this)g(section)i(is)e(dev)o(oted)h(to)g -(the)g(di\013eren)o(t)h(w)o(a)o(ys)e(in)g(whic)o(h)g(MUUOs)i(are)f(p)q -(erformed.)k(Except)c(in)0 765 y(the)h(KA10,)g(all)e(t)o(yp)q(es)j(use)f(lo)q -(cations)f(in)g(the)i(user)f(pro)q(cess)i(table)d(to)h(store)h(similar)c -(information.)17 b(Figure)e(2.4)0 815 y(sho)o(ws)f(what)g(information)d(is)j -(stored)h(in)e(whic)o(h)h(lo)q(cations)f(for)h(eac)o(h)g(pro)q(cessor)i(t)o -(yp)q(e.)0 958 y FG(2.16.2.1)48 b(XKL)311 954 y(-)325 958 y(1)16 -b(MUUOs)0 1071 y FJ(If)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(is)d(in)g(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q -(de,)e(use)h(the)g(executiv)o(e)h(MUUO)f(blo)q(c)o(k)f(in)h(lo)q(cations)f -(430{437)e(of)i(the)0 1120 y(user)i(pro)q(cess)h(table)e(\()p -FB(UP.EMO==:430)p FJ(\);)g(otherwise,)h(use)g(the)g(user)g(MUUO)g(blo)q(c)o -(k)f(in)f(lo)q(cations)h(440{447)f(of)0 1170 y(the)j(UPT)g(\()p -FB(UP.UMO==:440)p FJ(\).)29 b(Store)19 b(an)f(image)e(of)i(the)h(MUUO)f -(\(the)h(Op)g(Co)q(de)g(and)f FE(A)p FJ(\))g(in)g(the)h(left)f(half)0 -1220 y(of)f(lo)q(cation)f(2)h(of)g(the)h(MUUO)g(blo)q(c)o(k)f(\(o\013set)h -FB(UP.UOP)p FJ(\);)e(set)i(bit)g(35)e(in)h(this)h(w)o(ord)f(if)f(the)i -(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)0 1270 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)d(in)e(the)g(op)q(eration)h -(is)f(global.)j(Store)e FE(E)k FJ(in)13 b(lo)q(cation)f(3)h(of)g(the)h(blo)q -(c)o(k)f(\()p FB(UP.UEA)p FJ(\).)e(Store)j(the)g(PC)g(\015ags,)0 -1320 y(previous)h(con)o(text)g(\(CA)o(C,)g(P)m(A)o(C,)f(and)g(PCS\),)h(and)f -(PC)h(in)f(lo)q(cations)g(4)h(and)f(5)h(of)f(the)h(MUUO)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g -(\(o\013sets)0 1369 y FB(UP.OFL)e FJ(and)i FB(UP.OPC)p FJ(,)e(resp)q(ectiv)o -(ely\).)22 b(Complete)14 b(the)h(sp)q(eci\014cation)g(of)f(the)i(MUUO)f(con)o -(text)g(b)o(y)g(setting)g(up)0 1419 y(the)g(new)f(PCS)h(\(previous)f(con)o -(text)h(section\))g(with)f(the)h(PC)f(section)h(from)d(whic)o(h)i(the)h(MUUO) -f(w)o(as)g(executed.)0 1469 y(Set)j(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(\015ags)e(and)g(the) -h(Curren)o(t)g(and)f(Previous)h(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(ks)g(from)f(the)i(left)f -(and)g(righ)o(t)f(halv)o(es)i(of)0 1519 y(lo)q(cation)d(6)h(\()p -FB(UP.NFL)p FJ(\))f(of)h(the)h(MUUO)f(blo)q(c)o(k;)g(tak)o(e)h(the)f(new)h -(PC)f(from)f(lo)q(cation)g(7)h(\()p FB(UP.NPC)f FJ(of)h(the)g(MUUO)0 -1569 y(blo)q(c)o(k.)28 b(Pro)q(cessing)19 b(con)o(tin)o(ues)e(in)g(normal)f -(sequence)j(b)q(eginning)e(at)g(the)h(lo)q(cation)e(no)o(w)h(addressed)i(b)o -(y)e(PC.)0 1618 y(The)d(MUUO)h(can)f(c)o(hange)g(PC)g(from)e(an)o(y)i -(section)g(to)g(an)o(y)f(other.)0 1762 y FG(2.16.2.2)48 b(Extended)14 -b(KL10)i(MUUOs)0 1875 y FJ(In)11 b(lo)q(cations)g(424{426)f(of)g(the)i(user)h -(pro)q(cess)g(table,)e(store)h(the)g(same)f(information)d(\(as)k(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e\))e(that)g(is)0 1924 y(stored)h(in)f(the)i -(\014rst)f(three)h(lo)q(cations)e(of)f(an)i(LUUO)g(blo)q(c)o(k)f(b)o(y)g(an)g -(LUUO)h(giv)o(en)f(in)g(a)g(non{zero)h(section,)h(except)0 -1974 y(that,)18 b(when)f(the)h(MUUO)g(is)f(giv)o(en)g(in)f(executiv)o(e)j(mo) -q(de,)d(also)h(sa)o(v)o(e)g(the)h(previous{con)o(text)g(section)g(in)f(bits)0 -2024 y(31{35)c(of)h(lo)q(cation)f(424.)19 b(Store)c(the)g(pro)q(cess{con)o -(text)i(w)o(ord)d(in)g(lo)q(cation)g(427;)f(this)i(w)o(ord)f(sa)o(v)o(es)h -(information)0 2074 y(that)g(partially)e(de\014nes)j(the)f(con)o(text)g(in)f -(whic)o(h)h(the)g(MUUO)g(is)g(giv)o(en)f(and)g(is)h(exactly)g(the)g -(information)c(read)0 2124 y(b)o(y)19 b(a)g FC(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)e(P)m(A)o(G,)g -FJ(\()p FH(x)p FJ(4.1.5\).)32 b(Complete)18 b(the)i(sp)q(eci\014cation)g(of)f -(the)g(MUUO)h(con)o(text)g(b)o(y)f(setting)g(up)g(the)0 2173 -y(previous{con)o(text)e(\015ags)f(and)f(clear)i(the)f(rest)h(of)e(the)i -(\015ags)f(to)f(place)h(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(in)d(k)o(ernel)h(mo)q(de.)23 -b(Then)0 2223 y(load)11 b(PC)h(from)e(bits)h(6{35)g(of)g(the)h(appropriate)g -(lo)q(cation)f(in)g(a)h(PC)f(list)h(and)f(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(p)q(erforming)e -(instructions)0 2273 y(in)16 b(normal)f(sequence)k(b)q(eginning)e(at)f(the)i -(lo)q(cation)e(then)i(addressed)g(b)o(y)f(PC.)27 b(\(Note)18 -b(that)f(the)g(MUUO)h(can)0 2323 y(c)o(hange)f(PC)f(from)f(an)o(y)h(section)h -(to)g(an)o(y)f(other.\))26 b(The)17 b(new)g(PC)g(is)f(tak)o(en)h(from)e(one)h -(of)g(the)h(eigh)o(t)f(lo)q(cations)0 2373 y(in)e(the)g(user)h(pro)q(cess)h -(table)e(listed)g(here)i(dep)q(ending)e(up)q(on)g(the)h(mo)q(de)e(at)h(the)h -(time)d(the)j(MUUO)g(is)f(giv)o(en)f(and)0 2422 y(whether)i(or)f(not)g(it)f -(is)h(executed)i(as)e(the)g(result)h(of)e(an)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(trap.)p -eop -%%Page: 185 135 -185 134 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.16.)31 b(UNIMPLEMENTED)15 b(OPERA)m(TIONS)943 -b FJ(185)393 272 y FF(Figure)18 b(2.4:)24 b(User)18 b(Pro)r(cess)g(T)-5 -b(able)19 b(MUUO)g(Con\014guration)p 254 960 1495 2 v 253 959 -2 598 v 254 362 1495 2 v 1747 959 2 598 v 377 971 2 13 v 502 -971 V 627 971 V 751 971 V 876 971 V 1000 979 2 21 v 1125 971 -2 13 v 1249 971 V 1374 971 V 1498 971 V 1623 971 V 150 412 -a FJ(4x0)p 254 436 1495 2 v 150 486 a(4x1)p 254 511 V 150 561 -a(4x2)p 254 586 V 1769 560 a FB(UP.UOP==:2)150 636 y FJ(4x3)p -254 661 V 1769 635 a FB(UP.UEA==:3)150 711 y FJ(4x4)p 254 735 -V 1769 710 a FB(UP.OFL==:4)150 785 y FJ(4x5)p 254 810 V 1555 -w FB(UP.OPC==:5)150 860 y FJ(4x6)p 254 885 V 1769 859 a FB(UP.NFL==:6)150 -935 y FJ(4x7)1769 934 y FB(UP.NPC==:7)598 989 y Fs(8)p 627 -585 2 75 v -349 w(0)p 253 585 V 285 558 a FE(MUUO)c(Op)g(Co)n(de)756 -989 y Fs(12)p 793 585 V -150 w(9)p 627 585 V 695 562 a FE(A)1669 -989 y Fs(34)p 1706 585 V -905 w(13)p 793 585 V 1240 561 a FJ(0)1711 -989 y Fs(35)p 1747 585 V -34 w(35)p 1706 585 V 1707 562 a FE(G)474 -989 y Fs(5)p 502 660 V -225 w(0)p 253 660 V 368 636 a FJ(0)1711 -989 y Fs(35)p 1747 660 V -1230 w(6)p 502 660 V 1111 637 a FE(E)756 -989 y Fs(12)p 793 735 V -524 w(0)p 253 735 V 437 708 a FE(Old)f(Flags)964 -989 y Fs(17)p 1000 735 V -200 w(13)p 793 735 V 887 711 a FJ(0)1088 -989 y Fs(20)p 1125 735 V -117 w(18)p 1000 735 V 1014 711 a -FE(CA)o(C)1213 989 y Fs(23)p 1249 735 V -117 w(21)p 1125 735 -V 1141 711 a FE(P)m(A)o(C)1711 989 y Fs(35)p 1747 735 V -491 -w(24)p 1249 735 V 1267 711 a FE(Pr)n(evious)h(Context)g(Se)n(ction)474 -989 y Fs(5)p 502 809 V -225 w(0)p 253 809 V 368 785 a FJ(0)1711 -989 y Fs(35)p 1747 809 V -1230 w(6)p 502 809 V 999 782 a FE(PC)g(of)g(MUUO) -756 989 y Fs(12)p 793 884 V -524 w(0)p 253 884 V 430 857 a -FE(New)f(Flags)964 989 y Fs(17)p 1000 884 V -200 w(13)p 793 -884 V 887 860 a FJ(0)1088 989 y Fs(20)p 1125 884 V -117 w(18)p -1000 884 V 1014 861 a FE(CA)o(C)1213 989 y Fs(23)p 1249 884 -V -117 w(21)p 1125 884 V 1141 861 a FE(P)m(A)o(C)1711 989 y -Fs(35)p 1747 884 V -491 w(24)p 1249 884 V 1489 860 a FJ(0)474 -989 y Fs(5)p 502 959 V -225 w(0)p 253 959 V 368 935 a FJ(0)1711 -989 y Fs(35)p 1747 959 V -1230 w(6)p 502 959 V 1046 936 a FE(New)h(PC)190 -1062 y FG(XKL)294 1058 y(-)308 1062 y(1)f FJ(|)f(Executiv)o(e)i(MUUO)g(Blo)q -(c)o(k)f(at)f(430)g(\()p FB(UP.EMO)p FJ(\);)g(User)i(MUUO)f(blo)q(c)o(k)g(at) -g(440)f(\()p FB(UP.UMO)p FJ(\))p 254 1188 1495 2 v 150 1238 -a(424)p 254 1263 V 150 1312 a(425)p 254 1337 V 150 1387 a(426)p -254 1412 V 150 1462 a(427)p 254 1487 V 253 1486 2 299 v 1747 -1486 V 502 1411 2 150 v 358 1312 a(00)1097 1313 y FE(PC)358 -1387 y FJ(00)1111 1388 y FE(E)618 1459 y(Pr)n(o)n(c)n(ess)h(Context)h(Wor)n -(d)g(\(fr)n(om)f FB(DATAI)21 b(PAG,)p FE(\))p 793 1262 2 75 -v 476 1235 a(Flags)p 1000 1262 V 876 1238 a FJ(00)p 1374 1262 -V 1032 1235 a FE(MUUO)15 b(Op)g(Co)n(de)p 1540 1262 V 1442 -1239 a(A)1573 1235 y FJ(00/)p FE(PCS)266 1517 y Fq(0)178 b(5)35 -b(6)202 b(12)34 b(13)101 b(17)35 b(18)267 b(26)34 b(27)60 b(30)34 -b(31)101 b(35)635 1573 y FG(Extended)15 b(KL10)h(or)f(TOPS{20)g(KS10)p -254 1723 1495 2 v 150 1772 a(B)p FJ(+0)p 254 1798 V 150 1847 -a FG(B)p FJ(+1)p 254 1873 V 150 1922 a FG(B)p FJ(+2)p 254 1947 -V 253 1947 2 225 v 1747 1947 V 793 1872 2 150 v 1000 1872 V -285 1770 a FE(MUUO)g(Op)g(Co)n(de)p 627 1797 2 75 v 695 1774 -a(A)897 1773 y FJ(00)1360 1774 y FE(E)476 1845 y(Flags)897 -1848 y FJ(00)1346 1849 y FE(PC)800 1924 y(Pr)n(o)n(c)n(ess)g(Context)g(Wor)n -(d)266 1978 y Fq(0)302 b(8)35 b(9)78 b(12)34 b(13)101 b(17)35 -b(18)640 b(35)417 2042 y FG(Single)13 b(Section)h(KL10)h(with)g(TOPS{20)g -(Release)f(3.)22 b(B)16 b(=)g(425)266 2108 y(KS10)f(with)g(TOPS{10)g(or)g -(KL10)h(with)f(TOPS{20)f(Release)h(1)h(or)f(2.)22 b(B)16 b(=)g(424)p -254 2267 1495 2 v 150 2317 a FJ(424)p 254 2342 V 150 2392 a(425)p -254 2417 V 253 2416 2 150 v 1747 2416 V 793 2416 V 1000 2416 -V 285 2314 a FE(MUUO)f(Op)g(Co)n(de)p 627 2341 2 75 v 695 2318 -a(A)897 2317 y FJ(00)1360 2318 y FE(E)476 2389 y(Flags)897 -2392 y FJ(00)1346 2393 y FE(PC)266 2447 y Fq(0)302 b(8)35 b(9)78 -b(12)34 b(13)101 b(17)35 b(18)640 b(35)949 2503 y FG(KI10)254 -2577 y Fv(HRMF-UPTMUUO.TEX)p eop -%%Page: 186 136 -186 135 bop 0 50 a FJ(186)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)326 203 y FE(Mo)n(de)402 b(Exe)n(cution)322 -b(L)n(o)n(c)n(ation)326 288 y FJ(Kernel)407 b(No)13 b(trap)357 -b(430)326 338 y(Kernel)407 b(T)m(rap)k(431)326 388 y(Sup)q(ervisor)335 -b(No)13 b(trap)357 b(432)326 438 y(Sup)q(ervisor)335 b(T)m(rap)411 -b(433)326 487 y(Concealed)342 b(No)13 b(trap)357 b(434)326 -537 y(Concealed)342 b(T)m(rap)411 b(435)326 587 y(Public)f(No)13 -b(trap)357 b(436)326 637 y(Public)410 b(T)m(rap)h(437)0 814 -y FG(2.16.2.3)48 b(Single{secti)o(on)12 b(KL10)k(MUUOs)0 927 -y FJ(With)e(either)h(the)g(TOPS{20)f(or)h(TOPS{10)f(Monitor,)g(MUUOs)h(store) -g(the)g(same)f(information)e(and)i(tak)o(e)g(the)0 976 y(same)i(action,)h -(but)g(they)g(use)h(a)e(di\013eren)o(t)i(set)g(of)e(three)i(lo)q(cations)f -(in)f(the)h(user)h(pro)q(cess)h(table.)27 b(In)17 b(the)g(\014rst)0 -1026 y(lo)q(cation)g(store)h(the)h(instruction)e(co)q(de,)i -FE(A)p FJ(,)e(and)h(the)g(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)i FE(E)j FJ(in)17 -b(bits)h(0{8,)f(9{12,)g(and)h(18{35,)0 1076 y(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(,)f(and)f -(clear)h(bits)f(13{17)f(\(this)i(is)f(the)g(same)g(information)d(as)j(that)h -(stored)g(b)o(y)f(an)g(LUUO)g(giv)o(en)0 1126 y(in)e(section)i(zero\);)f(sa)o -(v)o(e)g(the)g(\015ags)g(and)f(PC)h(in)f(a)h(PC)f(w)o(ord)h(in)f(the)h -(second)h(lo)q(cation;)e(and)g(sa)o(v)o(e)h(the)g(pro)q(cess{)0 -1176 y(con)o(text)h(w)o(ord)e(in)h(the)h(third)f(lo)q(cation.)20 -b(Then)15 b(set)h(up)f(the)h(\015ags)f(and)f(PC)i(according)f(to)f(the)i(con) -o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)0 1226 y(appropriate)k(lo)q(cation)g(in)g(a)g(PC)g(w)o -(ord)g(list)g(and)g(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(p)q(erforming)e(instructions)i(in)f -(normal)e(sequence)0 1275 y(b)q(eginning)f(at)g(the)h(lo)q(cation)f(then)h -(addressed)h(b)o(y)f(PC.)23 b(The)16 b(PC)f(w)o(ord)h(list)f(o)q(ccupies)h -(the)g(same)f(area)h(as)f(the)0 1325 y(PC)f(list)g(for)f(an)h(extended)h -(KL10,)f(and)f(it)h(is)g(organized)g(and)f(used)i(\(with)f(resp)q(ect)i(to)e -(mo)q(de)f(and)h(trap\))g(in)f(the)0 1375 y(same)g(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)0 -1461 y(There)18 b(are)f(no)f(restrictions)i(on)e(the)h(manner)f(in)g(whic)o -(h)g(the)h(new)g(PC)g(w)o(ord)f(of)g(an)h(MUUO)g(can)f(set)i(up)e(the)0 -1510 y(\015ags.)i(It)c(can)g(switc)o(h)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)g(from)e(an)o(y)g -(mo)q(de)g(to)h(an)o(y)f(other.)0 1654 y FG(2.16.2.4)48 b(KS10)15 -b(MUUOs)0 1766 y FJ(The)h(PC)f(or)h(PC{w)o(ord)f(list)g(con)o(tains)g(only)g -(four)g(en)o(tries)h(for)f(executiv)o(e)i(and)e(user)i(mo)q(des,)d(in)h(the)h -(1o)q(cations)0 1816 y(corresp)q(onding)11 b(to)f(the)h(k)o(ernel)g(and)f -(concealed)h(mo)q(des)e(as)i(giv)o(en)e(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e|the)h(sup)q(ervisor)i -(and)e(public)f(lo)q(cations)0 1866 y(are)j(not)f(used.)18 -b(The)11 b(pro)q(cess{con)o(text)j(w)o(ord)d(for)g(the)g(KS10)g(is)g(that)g -(read)h(b)o(y)f(an)g FC(RDUBR)f FJ(\()p FH(x)p FJ(4.2.5\).)16 -b(Otherwise,)0 1916 y(with)11 b(TOPS{20)g(an)g(MUUO)g(is)g(p)q(erformed)g(in) -g(the)g(same)g(w)o(a)o(y)f(as)h(in)g(an)g(extended)i(KL10,)d(and)h(with)g -(TOPS{10)0 1966 y(it)j(is)f(p)q(erformed)h(in)f(the)i(same)e(w)o(a)o(y)g(as)h -(in)f(a)h(single{section)g(KL10)g(running)f(under)i(TOPS{10.)0 -2109 y FG(2.16.2.5)48 b(KI10)16 b(MUUOs)0 2222 y FJ(An)g(MUUO)h(is)f(p)q -(erformed)f(in)h(exactly)g(the)h(same)e(w)o(a)o(y)g(as)h(on)g(a)g -(single{section)g(KL10)g(with)g(the)g(TOPS{10)0 2271 y(Monitor,)f(except)i -(that)f(it)f(do)q(es)i(not)f(store)g(a)g(pro)q(cess{con)o(text)i(w)o(ord)d -(\(only)g(t)o(w)o(o)h(w)o(ords)g(of)f(information)e(are)0 2321 -y(stored,)j(in)f(lo)q(cations)g(424)g(and)g(425\).)22 b(Note)16 -b(that)g(the)g(trap)f(lo)q(cations)g(in)g(the)h(PC{w)o(ord)g(table)f(are)h -(used)g(for)0 2371 y(either)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)e(or)h(a)g(page)g(failure.) -p eop -%%Page: 187 137 -187 136 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.17.)31 b(KS10)13 b(INPUT{OUTPUT)i(INSTR)o(UCTIONS) -836 b FJ(187)150 195 y FG(2.16.2.6)48 b(KA10)16 b(MUUOs)150 -307 y FJ(MUUOs)i(and)f(unassigned)g(co)q(des,)722 292 y Fs(78)776 -307 y FJ(regardless)h(of)e(mo)q(de,)h(p)q(erform)f(exactly)h(the)g(op)q -(erations)h(giv)o(en)e(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)150 357 y(for)h(an)h(LUUO,)f(with)h -(the)g(exception)h(that)e(MUUOs)i(use)f(unrelo)q(cated)h(40{41)e(and)g -(unassigned)h(co)q(des)h(use)150 407 y(unrelo)q(cated)g(60{61)d(\(140{141)g -(and)h(160{161)f(for)h(a)g(second)i(pro)q(cessor\).)31 b(Note)18 -b(that,)g(in)f(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de,)150 457 y(LUUOs)d(and)e(MUUOs)i(act)f -(iden)o(tically)m(.)150 617 y(The)g(imp)q(ortan)o(t)d(p)q(oin)o(t)i(is)g -(that)h(an)f(MUUO)h(or)f(unassigned)h(co)q(de)g(results)h(in)d(executing)j -(an)e(instruction)g(in)g(an)150 667 y(unrelo)q(cated)j(lo)q(cation;)f(i.e.,)f -(an)h(instruction)g(under)h(the)g(con)o(trol)f(of)g(the)g(Monitor.)22 -b(This)15 b(w)o(ould)f(most)g(lik)o(ely)150 717 y(b)q(e)h(a)f(jump)f(that)i -(lea)o(v)o(es)f(user)i(mo)q(de,)d(sa)o(v)o(es)i(the)g(PC)g(w)o(ord,)f(and)g -(en)o(ters)i(a)f(routine)f(to)h(in)o(terpret)g(the)g(MUUO)150 -767 y(con\014guration.)24 b(In)16 b(the)h(instruction)f(descriptions,)h(an)o -(y)f(reference)i(to)e(ev)o(en)o(ts)h(resulting)f(from)e(execution)j(b)o(y)150 -817 y(an)d(MUUO)g(should)g(b)q(e)g(tak)o(en)g(to)g(also)f(include)h(the)h -(unassigned)f(and)g(illegal)e(co)q(des.)150 990 y FA(2.17)70 -b(KS10)24 b(Input{Output)f(Instructions)150 1116 y FJ(Unlik)o(e)14 -b(earlier)h(pro)q(cessors,)h(the)f(KS10)g(has)g(no)f(sp)q(ecial)h(format)d -(for)j(IO)f(instructions.)21 b(Instead,)15 b(instructions)150 -1166 y(are)f(simply)d(those)j(that)g(handle)f(the)h(p)q(eripheral)g(equipmen) -o(t,)e(the)i(console,)f(and)g(memory)e(status|although,)150 -1216 y(for)i(consistency)j(with)d(earlier)h(pro)q(cessors,)h(they)f(ha)o(v)o -(e)g(1s)g(in)f(the)h(left)g(three)h(bits.)j(KS10)13 b(IO)h(instructions)h -(are)150 1266 y(orien)o(ted)g(to)o(w)o(ard)e(Unibus{t)o(yp)q(e)i(devices,)f -(b)q(ecause)i(all)d(p)q(eripheral)h(equipmen)o(t)g(in)f(a)h(DECSYSTEM{2020)f -(is)150 1316 y(handled)g(through)g(Unibus)h(adapters.)k(There)c(are)g(t)o(w)o -(elv)o(e)f(of)g(these)h(instructions,)g(six)f(eac)o(h)g(for)g(manipulating) -150 1365 y(full)f(w)o(ords)i(and)f(b)o(ytes,)g(describ)q(ed)i(here)g(in)e -(terms)g(of)f(their)i(general)g(b)q(eha)o(vior)f(in)f(handling)g(external)i -(devices.)150 1415 y(Information)9 b(ab)q(out)i(external)h -(devices|individual)f(instruction)g(descriptions,)i(IO)e(addresses,)j -(etc.|is)d(giv)o(en)150 1465 y(in)i(the)i(device)g(do)q(cumen)o(tation)d -(\(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)i(memory)e(status)i(is)g(de\014ned)h(in)e -FH(x)q FJ(4.2.8\).)969 1585 y FF(NOTE)254 1677 y FJ(Ordinarily)m(,)i(the)i -(user)g(has)f(no)g(use)h(whatev)o(er)g(for)f(the)h(instructions)g(describ)q -(ed)h(in)e(this)g(section.)254 1726 y(In)h(almost)e(all)h(cases,)j(input)e -(and)g(output)g(are)g(handled)g(b)o(y)g(the)h(Monitor)f(in)f(resp)q(onse)j -(to)e(user)254 1776 y(requests)e(emplo)o(ying)d(MUUOs)i(and)g(v)n(arious)f -(soft)o(w)o(are)g(formats.)k(F)m(or)c(information)e(on)j(user)g(pro-)254 -1826 y(cedures)j(to)e(in)o(v)o(ok)o(e)f(Monitor)h(handling)f(of)g(user)i(IO)g -(requiremen)o(ts,)f(the)h(reader)g(should)f(refer)h(to)254 -1876 y(the)e(appropriate)g(Monitor)g(Calls)f(man)o(ual.)254 -1961 y(Programmers)f(who)h(do)h(handle)f(their)h(o)o(wn)f(input{output)h -(should)f(note)h(that,)g(unless)g(otherwise)254 2011 y(sp)q(eci\014ed,)h(all) -e(instructions)i(describ)q(ed)h(in)d(the)i(remainder)e(of)h(this)g(man)o(ual) -e(are)i(In{Out)h(instruc-)254 2061 y(tions,)10 b(whic)o(h)g(are)h(a\013ected) -g(b)o(y)f(the)h(timeshare)f(instruction)g(restrictions.)19 -b(Namely)m(,)8 b(an)i(instruction)254 2111 y(of)j(this)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g(cannot) -g(b)q(e)h(p)q(erformed)f(b)o(y)f(a)h(user)h(program)d(unless)j(User)g(In{Out) -f(is)g(set.)19 b(An)o(y)13 b(In{)254 2161 y(Out)h(instruction)h(that)f -(violates)f(this)h(restriction)h(do)q(es)g(not)f(p)q(erform)f(the)h -(functions)g(giv)o(en)g(for)g(it)254 2210 y(in)f(the)i(instruction)f -(description.)19 b(Instead)14 b(it)g(executes)i(as)e(an)f(MUUO.)254 -2296 y(The)19 b(system)g(instructions)h(discussed)h(in)e(c)o(hapters)h(3)f -(and)g(4)g(for)f(the)i(v)n(arious)e(pro)q(cessors)k(are)254 -2346 y(sub)r(ject)g(to)f(the)g(same)f(restriction)i(as)f(In{Out)g -(instructions.)39 b(This)21 b(restriction)h(will)d(not)i(b)q(e)254 -2396 y(men)o(tioned)15 b(in)h(the)h(instruction)g(descriptions,)g(b)q(ecause) -h(it)e(applies)h(to)f FE(al)r(l)k FJ(instructions)d(in)f(this)254 -2445 y(section.)p 150 2549 720 2 v 181 2576 a Fr(78)214 2588 -y Fq(Co)q(des)c(247)g(and)h(257,)f(although)f(not)h(assigned)f(as)i(sp)q -(eci\014c)e(instructions,)g(are)h(nonetheless)e(not)j(regarded)d(as)j -(\\unassigned)150 2627 y(co)q(des".)h(They)d(execute)e(as)j(no{ops)d(unless)i -(implemen)o(t)o(ed)d(b)o(y)j(sp)q(ecial)f(hardw)o(are.)p eop -%%Page: 188 138 -188 137 bop 0 50 a FJ(188)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(As)j(in)f(all)f(instructions,)i(the)g(pro)q -(cessor)i(do)q(es)e(an)f(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)j(calculation;)d(but,)h(for)f -(the)h(In{Out)g(in-)0 245 y(structions,)h(it)e(ignores)h(the)g(result)h(and)e -(recomputes)h(an)g(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(IO{address)g(b)q(eginning)e(with)g(the)h -FE(I)7 b FJ(,)16 b FE(X)7 b FJ(,)0 295 y(and)12 b FE(Y)20 b -FJ(parts)13 b(of)f(the)h(instruction)g(w)o(ord.)k(The)c(IO{address)h(sp)q -(eci\014es)g(an)e(IO)h(register)g(in)f(some)g(Unibus)g(device)0 -345 y(or)k(in)g(the)h(console)g(or)f(memory)e(con)o(troller.)25 -b(F)m(or)16 b(notational)f(con)o(v)o(enience,)i(this)g(man)o(ual)d(will)g -(refer)k(to)e(this)0 394 y(e\013ectiv)o(e)e(IO{address)g(also)e(as)g -FE(E)5 b FJ(.)13 b(An)f(IO{address)i(is)f(analogous)e(to)i(an)f(extended)i -(virtual)e(address)i(in)e(that)g(it)0 444 y(has)h(a)g(fundamen)o(tal)e -(length)j(of)e(thirt)o(y)h(bits,)g(but)h(not)f(all)f(of)g(its)h(bits)h(are)f -(implemen)o(ted)e(in)i(a)g(giv)o(en)g(pro)q(cessor.)0 494 y(In)j(a)h(KS10)f -(IO{address,)i(the)f(righ)o(t)f(eigh)o(teen)h(bits)f(are)h(the)g(register)h -(address)g(and)e(the)h(left)f(t)o(w)o(elv)o(e)g(are)h(the)0 -544 y(con)o(troller)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(of)g(whic)o(h)h(only)f(four)g(bits)h -(are)h(implem)o(en)o(ted.)h(An)e(IO{address,)h(th)o(us,)f(has)g(this)g -(format:)p 149 718 1495 4 v 149 643 V 148 716 4 75 v 1642 716 -V 729 716 V 895 716 V 430 692 a(0)799 693 y FE(C)1117 689 y -FJ(Register)g(Address)161 748 y Fq(0)493 b(13)34 b(14)60 b(17)34 -b(18)641 b(35)0 885 y FJ(where)18 b FE(C)23 b FJ(is)17 b(the)h(con)o(troller) -f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(and)g(bits)g(0{13)f(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)h(zero.)28 -b(Of)18 b(the)f(sixteen)h(p)q(ossible)g(con)o(troller)0 935 -y(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)i(only)e(three)i(are)g(used)g(at)e(presen)o(t:)30 -b(0)19 b(addresses)i(the)f(console)f(and)g(the)h(memory)c(con)o(troller,)k(1) -0 985 y(addresses)c(Unibus)e(adapter)g(1,)f(and)h(3)g(addresses)h(Unibus)g -(adapter)f(3.)j(These)f(are)e(the)g(presen)o(tly)h(allo)o(w)o(ed)e(IO)0 -1034 y(addresses;)j(no)d(others)i(can)f(b)q(e)h(used.)364 1167 -y FE(Contr)n(ol)r(ler)48 b(R)n(e)n(gister)14 b(A)n(ddr)n(ess)50 -b(Sp)n(e)n(ci\014es)364 1253 y FJ(0)213 b(100000)223 b(Memory)12 -b(status)364 1302 y(0)213 b(200000)223 b(Console)13 b(\(micro)q(co)q(de)h -(only\))364 1352 y(1)213 b(400000{777777)76 b(Adapter)14 b(1)g(Unibus)g -(registers)364 1402 y(3)213 b(400000{777777)76 b(Adapter)14 -b(3)g(Unibus)g(registers)0 1486 y(The)g(IO)f(address)h(calculation)e(is)h -(lik)o(e)f(an)h(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)j(calculation)c(in)h(whic)o(h)g(the)g -(result)h(can)f(b)q(e)h(global;)0 1535 y(i.e.,)21 b(can)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(more)e -(than)h(eigh)o(teen)i(bits.)37 b(When)21 b(the)g(result)g(is)g(an)f(18{bit)f -(lo)q(cal)h(register)h(address,)i(it)0 1585 y(is)18 b(automatically)d(in)o -(terpreted)20 b(as)f(sp)q(ecifying)f(con)o(troller)g(0.)31 -b(The)19 b(calculation)e(is)h(limited)e(to)i(one)h(lev)o(el)f(of)0 -1635 y(indirection)13 b(or)g(indexing)g(or)g(b)q(oth,)g(and)g(an)o(y)f(in)o -(termediate)h(result)h(that)f(is)g(used)h(as)f(a)g(memory)e(address)j(m)o -(ust)0 1685 y(b)q(e)h(lo)q(cal)e(\(since)h(the)h(KS10)f(is)f(con\014ned)i(to) -f(section)g(zero\).)104 1812 y(If)f(there)i(is)f(no)g(indexing)f(or)h -(indirection,)f(the)i(IO)f(address)h(is)f(simply)d FE(Y)d FJ(.)104 -1898 y(If)14 b(there)j(is)e(indexing)f(only)g(and)h(the)g(left)g(half)f(of)g -(XR)h(is)g(negativ)o(e,)g(the)g(IO)g(address)i(is)d(the)i(lo)q(cal)104 -1947 y(sum)d(of)g FE(Y)22 b FJ(and)13 b(XR)h(righ)o(t.)104 -2033 y(If)g(there)i(is)e(indexing)g(only)f(and)i(XR)f(is)g(p)q(ositiv)o(e,)g -(the)h(IO)g(address)h(is)e(the)h(global)e(sum)g(of)h FE(Y)22 -b FJ(and)104 2083 y(XR)13 b(\(but)i(remem)o(b)q(er)e(that)g(bits)h(0{13)f(m)o -(ust)g(b)q(e)i(zero\).)104 2168 y(If)e(there)i(is)f(indirection)g(only)m(,)e -(the)j(IO)f(address)h(is)f(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(lo)q(cation)g -FE(Y)8 b FJ(.)104 2254 y(If)14 b(there)j(is)e(b)q(oth)g(indexing)f(and)h -(indirection,)f(the)i(IO)f(address)i(is)d(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)i -(lo)q(cation)104 2304 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)f(b)o(y)f(the)g(sum)f(of)g -FE(Y)22 b FJ(and)14 b(XR)f(righ)o(t.)0 2431 y(Note)h(that)f(an)g(index)g -(register)h(can)f(supply)g(the)h(en)o(tire)g(IO)f(address,)h(but)g(it)e(can)i -(also)e(b)q(e)i(used)g(to)f(supply)g(only)0 2481 y(the)i(con)o(troller)f(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)f(when)h FE(Y)22 b FJ(is)14 b(the)g(register)i(address.)j(This) -14 b(latter)g(tec)o(hnique)h(is)f(useful)g(for)g(emplo)o(ying)0 -2530 y(common)d(co)q(de)k(for)e(b)q(oth)h(adapters.)p eop -%%Page: 189 139 -189 138 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.17.)31 b(KS10)13 b(INPUT{OUTPUT)i(INSTR)o(UCTIONS) -836 b FJ(189)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 75 v 1643 -353 V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)494 384 y Fq(8)p 522 353 V 24 w(9)591 330 y FE(A)150 246 -y Fk(BSIO)209 b(Bit)19 b(Set)g(IO)306 329 y FJ(714)150 480 -y(In)c(the)h(w)o(ord)f(read)g(from)e(IO)j(register)g FE(E)5 -b FJ(,)15 b(set)h(bits)f(corresp)q(onding)h(to)f(1s)g(in)f(A)o(C)h(and)g -(write)h(the)f(result)h(bac)o(k)150 530 y(in)d(register)i FE(E)5 -b FJ(.)p 150 779 1495 4 v 150 704 V 148 777 4 75 v 1643 777 -V 688 777 V 729 777 V 896 777 V 162 808 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 754 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 808 -y Fq(8)p 522 777 V 24 w(9)591 754 y FE(A)150 670 y Fk(BCIO)204 -b(Bit)19 b(Clea)n(r)g(IO)306 753 y FJ(715)150 904 y(In)13 b(the)h(w)o(ord)f -(read)h(from)d(IO)j(register)g FE(E)5 b FJ(,)13 b(clear)h(bits)f(corresp)q -(onding)h(to)f(1s)h(in)e(A)o(C)i(and)f(write)g(the)h(result)g(bac)o(k)150 -954 y(in)f(register)i FE(E)5 b FJ(.)p 150 1203 1495 4 v 150 -1128 V 148 1201 4 75 v 1643 1201 V 688 1201 V 729 1201 V 896 -1201 V 162 1233 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)698 1178 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1233 y Fq(8)p 522 1201 -V 24 w(9)591 1178 y FE(A)150 1095 y Fk(RDIO)201 b(Read)19 b(IO)306 -1177 y FJ(712)150 1328 y(Read)14 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(IO)i(register) -g FE(E)k FJ(in)o(to)13 b(A)o(C.)p 150 1577 1495 4 v 150 1502 -V 148 1575 4 75 v 1643 1575 V 688 1575 V 729 1575 V 896 1575 -V 162 1607 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -1552 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1607 y Fq(8)p 522 1575 V 24 -w(9)591 1552 y FE(A)150 1469 y Fk(WRIO)189 b(W)n(rite)19 b(IO)306 -1551 y FJ(713)150 1702 y(W)m(rite)13 b(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(A)o(C)h -(in)o(to)f(IO)h(register)h FE(E)5 b FJ(.)p 150 1951 1495 4 -v 150 1877 V 148 1950 4 75 v 1643 1950 V 688 1950 V 729 1950 -V 896 1950 V 162 1981 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)698 1926 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1981 y Fq(8)p -522 1950 V 24 w(9)591 1926 y FE(A)150 1843 y Fk(TIOE)207 b(T)-5 -b(est)19 b(IO)f(Equal)306 1926 y FJ(710)150 2077 y(If)12 b(all)g(bits)g(of)h -(IO)f(register)i FE(E)k FJ(corresp)q(onding)c(to)e(1s)h(in)f(A)o(C)h(are)g -(zero,)g(skip)g(the)g(next)g(instruction)g(in)f(sequence.)p -150 2326 1495 4 v 150 2251 V 148 2324 4 75 v 1643 2324 V 688 -2324 V 729 2324 V 896 2324 V 162 2355 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2301 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2355 -y Fq(8)p 522 2324 V 24 w(9)591 2301 y FE(A)150 2217 y Fk(TION)199 -b(T)-5 b(est)19 b(IO)f(Not)h(Equal)306 2300 y FJ(711)150 2451 -y(If)f(not)g(all)g(bits)g(of)g(IO)g(register)i FE(E)j FJ(corresp)q(onding)d -(to)e(1s)h(in)e(A)o(C)i(are)g(zero,)h(skip)e(the)h(next)g(instruction)f(in) -150 2501 y(sequence.)p eop -%%Page: 190 140 -190 139 bop 0 50 a FJ(190)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)p 0 355 1495 4 v 0 280 V -2 353 4 75 v 1493 -353 V 538 353 V 579 353 V 746 353 V 12 384 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 330 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)344 384 y Fq(8)p 372 353 V 24 w(9)441 330 y FE(A)0 246 -y Fk(BSIOB)172 b(Bit)19 b(Set)g(IO)f(Byte)156 329 y FJ(724)0 -480 y(In)d(the)g(b)o(yte)g(read)g(from)d(IO)j(register)h FE(E)5 -b FJ(,)14 b(clear)h(bits)f(corresp)q(onding)i(to)e(1s)h(in)f(A)o(C)g(bits)h -(28{35)e(and)i(write)f(the)0 530 y(result)h(bac)o(k)f(in)f(register)i -FE(E)5 b FJ(.)p 0 779 1495 4 v 0 704 V -2 777 4 75 v 1493 777 -V 538 777 V 579 777 V 746 777 V 12 808 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 754 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 808 -y Fq(8)p 372 777 V 24 w(9)441 754 y FE(A)0 670 y Fk(BCIOB)167 -b(Bit)19 b(Clea)n(r)g(IO)g(Byte)156 753 y FJ(725)0 904 y(In)c(the)g(b)o(yte)g -(read)g(from)d(IO)j(register)h FE(E)5 b FJ(,)14 b(clear)h(bits)f(corresp)q -(onding)i(to)e(1s)h(in)f(A)o(C)g(bits)h(28{35)e(and)i(write)f(the)0 -954 y(result)h(bac)o(k)f(in)f(register)i FE(E)5 b FJ(.)p 0 -1203 1495 4 v 0 1128 V -2 1201 4 75 v 1493 1201 V 538 1201 -V 579 1201 V 746 1201 V 12 1233 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1178 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1233 -y Fq(8)p 372 1201 V 24 w(9)441 1178 y FE(A)0 1095 y Fk(RDIOB)164 -b(Read)19 b(IO)f(Byte)156 1177 y FJ(722)0 1328 y(Read)c(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts) -h(of)e(IO)i(register)g FE(E)k FJ(in)o(to)13 b(A)o(C)h(bits)f(28{35.)k(Clear)d -(A)o(C)g(bits)g(0{27.)p 0 1577 1495 4 v 0 1502 V -2 1575 4 -75 v 1493 1575 V 538 1575 V 579 1575 V 746 1575 V 12 1607 a -Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1552 -y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1607 y Fq(8)p 372 1575 V 24 w(9)441 -1552 y FE(A)0 1469 y Fk(WRIOB)152 b(W)n(rite)19 b(IO)g(Byte)156 -1551 y FJ(723)0 1702 y(W)m(rite)13 b(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(A)o(C)h -(bits)g(28{35)f(in)o(to)g(IO)h(register)h FE(E)5 b FJ(.)p 0 -1951 1495 4 v 0 1877 V -2 1950 4 75 v 1493 1950 V 538 1950 -V 579 1950 V 746 1950 V 12 1981 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1926 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1981 -y Fq(8)p 372 1950 V 24 w(9)441 1926 y FE(A)0 1843 y Fk(TIOEB)170 -b(T)-5 b(est)19 b(IO)f(Equal,)h(Byte)156 1926 y FJ(720)0 2077 -y(If)14 b(all)f(bits)i(of)f(IO)g(register)i FE(E)j FJ(corresp)q(onding)d(to)e -(1s)h(in)f(A)o(C)g(bits)g(28{35)g(are)g(zero,)h(skip)g(the)g(next)g -(instruction)0 2127 y(in)e(sequence.)p 0 2375 1495 4 v 0 2301 -V -2 2374 4 75 v 1493 2374 V 538 2374 V 579 2374 V 746 2374 -V 12 2405 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -2351 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2405 y Fq(8)p 372 2374 V 24 -w(9)441 2351 y FE(A)0 2267 y Fk(TIONB)162 b(T)-5 b(est)19 b(IO)f(Not)h -(Equal,)g(Byte)156 2350 y FJ(721)0 2501 y(If)10 b(not)h(all)e(bits)i(of)f(IO) -h(register)h FE(E)k FJ(corresp)q(onding)11 b(to)g(1s)g(in)f(A)o(C)h(bits)f -(28{35)g(are)h(zero,)h(skip)e(the)h(next)h(instruction)0 2551 -y(in)h(sequence.)p eop -%%Page: 191 141 -191 140 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.18.)31 b(PRE{KS10)13 b(INPUT{OUTPUT)i(INSTR)o -(UCTIONS)728 b FJ(191)150 195 y(Unibus)17 b(devices)h(generally)e(ha)o(v)o(e) -h(data)f(registers)j(and)d(con)o(trol/status)i(registers.)28 -b(F)m(requen)o(tly)m(,)17 b(a)f(single)h(IO)150 245 y(address)f(sp)q -(eci\014es)g(t)o(w)o(o)e(registers,)i(one)f(for)f(reading)h(and)f(one)h(for)f -(writing.)20 b(A)14 b(con)o(trol)h(register)g(and)g(a)f(status)150 -295 y(register)j(in)e(a)g(device)h(usually)e(ha)o(v)o(e)i(the)g(same)e -(address)j(and)e(also)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(bits)h(in)f(common;)e(i.e.,)h -(information)150 345 y(loaded)d(in)o(to)g(some)g(of)g(the)h(con)o(trol)g -(bits)g(can)f(b)q(e)i(read)f(as)g(status.)18 b(Ordinarily)11 -b(a)g(device)i(is)e(set)i(up)e(b)o(y)h(loading)e(or)150 394 -y(adjusting)g(individual)f(bits)h(of)g(its)h(con)o(trol)f(register.)19 -b(Data)10 b(can)g(then)i(b)q(e)f(read)g(or)g(written,)g(and)g(the)g(state)g -(of)f(the)150 444 y(device)k(can)g(b)q(e)h(determined)e(b)o(y)h(reading)f -(status)i(or)e(testing)h(individual)e(status)i(bits.)k(Complete)13 -b(information)150 494 y(ab)q(out)h(the)g(c)o(haracteristics)i(of)d(eac)o(h)i -(device)f(is)g(giv)o(en)f(in)h(the)g(device)h(do)q(cumen)o(tation.)150 -580 y(Giving)d(an)i(IO)g(address)h(for)f(a)f(register)i(that)f(do)q(es)h(not) -f(exist)g(pro)q(duces)h(a)f(page{fail)e(trap)i(\()p FH(x)q -FJ(4.2.3,)d FH(x)q FJ(4.2.4\).)150 753 y FA(2.18)70 b(Pre{KS10)24 -b(Input{Output)f(Instructions)150 879 y FJ(In)17 b(the)g(KL10)g(and)f -(earlier)h(pro)q(cessors,)j(the)d(input{output)g(instructions)g(con)o(trol)g -(the)g(mo)o(v)o(emen)o(t)e(of)h(infor-)150 929 y(mation)10 -b(to)j(and)f(from)f(the)i(p)q(eripheral)h(equipmen)o(t)d(and)i(p)q(erform)e -(man)o(y)g(system{orien)o(ted)i(op)q(erations)g(within)150 -979 y(the)j(pro)q(cessor;)h(i.e.,)d(managemen)o(t)f(of)h(the)i(in)o(ternal)f -(devices,)h(whic)o(h)f(in)g(the)g(KL10)g(are)h(connected)h(to)e(the)h(E)150 -1029 y(bus.)150 1114 y(An)e(instruction)f(in)g(the)h(In{Out)g(class)g(is)f -(designated)h(b)o(y)g(111)e(in)h(bits)h(0{2;)e(i.e.,)g(its)i(leftmost)e(o)q -(ctal)h(digit)f(is)i(7.)150 1164 y(In)g(this)g(section)g(these)i -(instructions)e(are)h(sho)o(wn)f(lik)o(e)f(this:)p 150 1405 -1495 4 v 150 1330 V 148 1403 4 75 v 1643 1403 V 688 1403 V -729 1403 V 896 1403 V 162 1435 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1380 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)251 1435 -y Fq(2)p 273 1403 V 12 w(3)202 1379 y FJ(7)541 1435 y Fq(9)p -563 1403 V 12 w(10)404 1380 y FE(D)162 b(OP)150 1530 y FJ(The)15 -b FE(OP)k FJ(\014eld,)14 b(bits)g(10{12,)f(selects)k(one)d(of)g(eigh)o(t)g -(IO)h(instructions,)g(whic)o(h)f(are)h(describ)q(ed)i(here)e(in)f(terms)h(of) -150 1580 y(their)g(general)f(b)q(eha)o(vior)h(in)f(handling)f(external)i -(devices.)21 b(In)14 b(the)h(descriptions)g(that)g(follo)o(w,)d(the)j -FE(OP)k FJ(\014eld)14 b(is)150 1630 y(expressed)j(as)d(a)g(t)o(w)o(o{digit)f -(o)q(ctal)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(ev)o(en)i(though)f(there)i(are)f(only)e(three) -j(bits.)k(The)14 b(o)q(ctal)g(v)n(alues)h(are)150 1680 y(all)d(m)o(ultiples)f -(of)h(4)g(in)h(the)g(range)g(00)g(to)f(34.)17 b(This)c(notation)f(is)h(used)h -(so)f(that)f(the)i(v)n(alue)e(expressed)j(in)e FE(OP)k FJ(can)150 -1730 y(b)q(e)c(related)f(to)g(the)h(o)q(ctal)f(represen)o(tation)i(of)d(the)i -(en)o(tire)g(instruction.)k(F)m(or)12 b(example,)f(the)h FC(CONSO)g -FJ(instruction)150 1779 y(is)i(describ)q(ed)h(as)f(ha)o(ving)f(\\34")g(in)g -(the)i FE(OP)j FJ(\014eld;)13 b(the)i(o)q(ctal)f(for)f FC(CONSO)g -FJ(is)h(700340,,0)m(.)150 1865 y(The)i FE(D)k FJ(\014eld)c(addresses)i(the)f -(device)g(that)f(is)f(to)h(resp)q(ond)h(to)f(the)h(instruction.)24 -b(The)16 b(format)f(allo)o(ws)f(for)i(128)150 1915 y(device)e(co)q(des.)19 -b(The)13 b FE(D)k FJ(\014eld)c(is)g(expressed)i(in)d(three)i(o)q(ctal)f -(digits,)f(but)h(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(as)h(a)f(m)o(ultiple)f(of)h(4.)17 -b(Th)o(us,)c(the)150 1965 y(o)q(ctal)g(for)g(the)g(device)h(co)q(de)g(can)g -(b)q(e)f(read)h(from)d(the)j(o)q(ctal)f(digits.)k(F)m(or)c(example,)e(the)j -(o)q(ctal)f(for)g FC(BLKI)g(124,400)150 2014 y FJ(w)o(ould)g(b)q(e)i(enco)q -(ded)g(as)f(712400,,400)m(;)f(the)i FE(OP)j FJ(\014eld)c(for)f -FC(BLKI)g FJ(is)h(0.)150 2100 y(The)19 b(KL10)g(uses)h(the)g(\014rst)g(six)f -(device)g(co)q(des)i(\(000{024\))c(for)i(in)o(ternal)g(devices)h(\(the)g -(KI10)e(uses)j(the)e(\014rst)150 2150 y(three,)13 b(the)f(KA10)g(the)g -(\014rst)h(t)o(w)o(o\).)k(In)12 b(instruction)g(descriptions)h(for)e -(individual)f(devices,)j(the)f(instruction)g(and)150 2200 y(device)g(co)q -(des)h(are)f(com)o(bined)e(in)o(to)h(a)g(single,)g(5{digit)f(co)q(de)i(for)f -(bits)h(0{12.)k(Co)q(des)c(for)f(the)h(in)o(ternal)f(devices)i(are)150 -2249 y(included)j(in)f(the)h(tables)g(in)f(App)q(endix)h(A.1,)f(but)h(all)f -(information)d(ab)q(out)k(external)g(devices|device)h(co)q(des,)150 -2299 y(individual)11 b(instruction)i(descriptions,)g(etc.|is)f(giv)o(en)h(in) -f(the)h(device)g(do)q(cumen)o(tation.)1570 2284 y Fs(79)1622 -2299 y FJ(Bits)g(13{35)e(are)i(the)150 2349 y(same)i(as)h(in)f(all)g(other)i -(instructions:)22 b(they)17 b(are)f(the)h FE(I)7 b FJ(,)15 -b FE(X)7 b FJ(,)15 b(and)g FE(Y)24 b FJ(parts,)17 b(whic)o(h)e(are)i(used)f -(to)g(calculate)g(an)150 2399 y(e\013ectiv)o(e{address,)g(set)f(of)e -(conditions,)g(or)h(mask)e(to)i(b)q(e)h(used)f(in)g(the)g(execution)h(of)e -(the)i(instruction.)p 150 2433 720 2 v 181 2460 a Fr(79)214 -2472 y Fq(Electrical)9 b(and)h(logical)g(sp)q(eci\014cations)e(of)j(the)g(IO) -h(bus)f(are)g(giv)o(en)f(in)h(the)g(in)o(terface)e(man)o(ual.)p -eop -%%Page: 192 142 -192 141 bop 0 50 a FJ(192)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)819 224 y FF(NOTE)104 315 y FJ(Ordinarily)m(,)h(the)i(user)g -(has)f(no)g(use)h(whatev)o(er)g(for)f(the)h(instructions)g(describ)q(ed)h(in) -e(this)g(section.)104 365 y(In)h(almost)e(all)h(cases,)j(input)e(and)g -(output)g(are)g(handled)g(b)o(y)g(the)h(Monitor)f(in)f(resp)q(onse)j(to)e -(user)104 414 y(requests)e(emplo)o(ying)d(MUUOs)i(and)g(v)n(arious)f(soft)o -(w)o(are)g(formats.)k(F)m(or)c(information)e(on)j(user)g(pro-)104 -464 y(cedures)j(to)e(in)o(v)o(ok)o(e)f(Monitor)h(handling)f(of)g(user)i(IO)g -(requiremen)o(ts,)f(the)h(reader)g(should)f(refer)h(to)104 -514 y(the)e(appropriate)g(Monitor)g(Calls)f(man)o(ual.)104 -600 y(Programmers)f(who)h(do)h(handle)f(their)h(o)o(wn)f(input{output)h -(should)f(note)h(that,)g(unless)g(otherwise)104 649 y(sp)q(eci\014ed,)g(the)f -(instructions)g(describ)q(ed)h(in)e(this)h(section)g(are)g(a\013ected)h(b)o -(y)e(the)h(timeshare)g(instruc-)104 699 y(tion)18 b(restrictions.)32 -b(Namely)m(,)17 b(an)h(instruction)h(of)f(this)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(cannot)g(b)q(e) -g(p)q(erformed)f(b)o(y)g(a)g(user)104 749 y(program)11 b(unless)j(User)g -(In{Out)g(is)e(set.)19 b(An)o(y)13 b(In{Out)g(instruction)h(that)f(violates)f -(this)h(restriction)104 799 y(do)q(es)19 b(not)g(p)q(erform)e(the)j -(functions)e(giv)o(en)g(for)h(it)f(in)g(the)h(instruction)g(description.)33 -b(Instead)20 b(it)104 849 y(executes)c(as)e(an)g(MUUO.)104 -934 y(In)j(the)h(KI10)f(and)h(KL10,)f(In{Out)h(instructions)g(using)f(device) -h(co)q(des)h(740)e(and)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g(can)h(b)q(e)104 984 -y(p)q(erformed)f(b)o(y)h(user{mo)q(de)g(programs)f(without)g(restriction.)32 -b(Also,)18 b(In{Out)g(instructions)h(are)104 1034 y(restricted)d(in)d(sup)q -(ervisor)i(mo)q(de,)e(b)q(ecause)i(In{Out)f(is)g(normally)d(handled)j(in)g(k) -o(ernel)g(mo)q(de.)104 1119 y(The)d(system)g(instructions)g(discussed)i(in)d -(c)o(hapters)i(3)f(and)g(4)f(are)h(sub)r(ject)i(to)d(the)i(same)e -(restrictions)104 1169 y(as)i(IO)g(instructions.)18 b(This)12 -b(restriction)g(will)f(not)g(b)q(e)i(men)o(tioned)e(in)g(the)h(instruction)h -(descriptions,)104 1219 y(b)q(ecause)i(it)f(applies)f(to)h -FE(al)r(l)k FJ(instructions)c(in)g(this)g(section.)p 0 1545 -1495 4 v 0 1471 V -2 1544 4 75 v 1493 1544 V 538 1544 V 579 -1544 V 746 1544 V 12 1575 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 1520 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)0 1437 y Fk(CONO)177 -b(Conditions)21 b(Out)101 1575 y Fq(2)p 123 1544 V 12 w(3)52 -1520 y FJ(7)391 1575 y Fq(9)p 413 1544 V 12 w(10)254 1520 y -FE(D)172 b FJ(20)0 1671 y(Set)16 b(up)g(device)h FE(D)j FJ(with)15 -b(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)i(initial{conditions)13 b FE(E)5 b FJ(.)1018 -1656 y Fs(80)1068 1671 y FJ(The)17 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g(condition)g(bits) -h(in)f FE(E)21 b FJ(that)0 1720 y(are)14 b(actually)f(used)i(dep)q(ends)h(on) -d(the)i(device.)p 0 1969 1495 4 v 0 1895 V -2 1968 4 75 v 1493 -1968 V 538 1968 V 579 1968 V 746 1968 V 12 1999 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1944 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)0 1861 y Fk(CONI)201 b(Conditions)21 b(In)101 1999 -y Fq(2)p 123 1968 V 12 w(3)52 1944 y FJ(7)391 1999 y Fq(9)p -413 1968 V 12 w(10)254 1944 y FE(D)172 b FJ(24)0 2095 y(Read)16 -b(the)g(input)g(conditions)g(from)e(device)j FE(D)j FJ(and)c(store)h(them)e -(in)h(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)5 b FJ(.)15 b(The)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h -(condition)0 2145 y(bits)e(stored)h(dep)q(ends)g(on)f(the)g(device;)h(the)f -(remaining)e(bits)i(in)f(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)19 b FJ(are)c(cleared.)p -0 2393 1495 4 v 0 2319 V -2 2392 4 75 v 1493 2392 V 538 2392 -V 579 2392 V 746 2392 V 12 2423 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 2369 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)0 2285 -y Fk(D)n(A)-5 b(T)g(A)n(O)155 b(Data)18 b(Out)101 2423 y Fq(2)p -123 2392 V 12 w(3)52 2368 y FJ(7)391 2423 y Fq(9)p 413 2392 -V 12 w(10)254 2369 y FE(D)457 2368 y FJ(14)0 2519 y(Send)j(the)h(con)o(ten)o -(ts)g(of)e(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)26 b FJ(to)20 b(the)i(data)e(bu\013er)i(in)e -(device)i FE(D)j FJ(and)c(p)q(erform)f(whatev)o(er)h(con)o(trol)p -0 2551 720 2 v 31 2577 a Fr(80)64 2589 y Fh(E)c Fq(will)c(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(b)q -(e)h(regarded)d(as)j(b)q(eing)f(bits)g(18{35,)g(ev)o(en)f(though)g(it)i(is)g -(actually)e(placed)g(on)i(b)q(oth)e(halv)o(es)h(of)h(the)f(bus)g(and)0 -2629 y(man)o(y)e(devices)g(receiv)o(e)f(the)i(information)d(from)j(the)g -(left)f(half.)p eop -%%Page: 193 143 -193 142 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.18.)31 b(PRE{KS10)13 b(INPUT{OUTPUT)i(INSTR)o -(UCTIONS)728 b FJ(193)150 195 y(op)q(erations)14 b(are)g(appropriate)g(to)g -(the)h(device.)150 281 y(The)h(amoun)o(t)e(of)h(data)g(actually)g(accepted)i -(b)o(y)e(the)i(device)f(dep)q(ends)h(on)f(the)g(size)g(of)f(its)h(bu\013er,)g -(its)g(mo)q(de)f(of)150 330 y(op)q(eration,)e(etc.)19 b(The)c(original)d(con) -o(ten)o(ts)j(of)e(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)19 b FJ(are)14 b(una\013ected.)p -150 579 1495 4 v 150 505 V 148 578 4 75 v 1643 578 V 688 578 -V 729 578 V 896 578 V 162 609 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 555 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 471 -y Fk(D)n(A)-5 b(T)g(AI)177 b(Data)18 b(In)251 609 y Fq(2)p -273 578 V 12 w(3)202 554 y FJ(7)541 609 y Fq(9)p 563 578 V -12 w(10)404 555 y FE(D)607 554 y FJ(04)150 705 y(Mo)o(v)o(e)i(the)h(con)o -(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(the)h(data)f(bu\013er)h(in)f(device)h FE(D)j -FJ(to)c(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)26 b FJ(and)20 b(p)q(erform)f(whatev)o(er)i(con)o -(trol)150 755 y(op)q(erations)14 b(are)g(appropriate)g(to)g(the)h(device.)150 -840 y(The)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(data)g(bits)h(stored)g(dep)q(ends)h(on)f -(the)g(size)g(of)f(the)h(device)g(bu\013er,)g(its)g(mo)q(de)e(of)h(op)q -(eration,)g(etc.)150 890 y(Bits)h(in)g(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)19 -b FJ(that)14 b(do)f(not)h(receiv)o(e)h(data)f(are)g(cleared.)p -150 1131 1495 4 v 150 1056 V 148 1129 4 75 v 1643 1129 V 688 -1129 V 729 1129 V 896 1129 V 162 1161 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1106 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 1023 -y Fk(CONSZ)154 b(Conditions)21 b(In)d(and)h(Skip)g(if)g(Zero)251 -1161 y Fq(2)p 273 1129 V 12 w(3)202 1105 y FJ(7)541 1161 y -Fq(9)p 563 1129 V 12 w(10)404 1106 y FE(D)607 1105 y FJ(30)150 -1256 y(T)m(est)c(the)f(input)g(conditions)g(from)f(device)h -FE(D)19 b FJ(against)13 b(the)i(e\013ectiv)o(e{mask)f FE(E)5 -b FJ(.)14 b(If)g(all)e(condition)i(bits)g(selected)150 1306 -y(b)o(y)g(1s)g(in)f FE(E)19 b FJ(are)14 b(0s,)g(skip)g(the)g(next)g -(instruction)h(in)e(sequence.)150 1392 y(If)h(the)g(device)h(supplies)f(more) -f(than)h(18)f(condition)g(bits,)h(only)f(bits)h(18{35)e(are)j(tested.)1555 -1376 y Fs(81)p 150 1640 1495 4 v 150 1566 V 148 1639 4 75 v -1643 1639 V 688 1639 V 729 1639 V 896 1639 V 162 1670 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1616 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)150 1532 y Fk(CONSO)147 b(Conditions)21 b(In)d(and)h(Skip)g(if)g -(One)251 1670 y Fq(2)p 273 1639 V 12 w(3)202 1615 y FJ(7)541 -1670 y Fq(9)p 563 1639 V 12 w(10)404 1616 y FE(D)607 1615 y -FJ(34)150 1766 y(T)m(est)14 b(the)h(input)e(conditions)h(from)e(device)j -FE(D)j FJ(against)13 b(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e{mask)g FE(E)5 b -FJ(.)14 b(If)f(an)o(y)g(condition)h(bit)f(selected)150 1816 -y(b)o(y)h(a)f(1)h(in)f FE(E)19 b FJ(is)14 b(1,)f(skip)h(the)g(next)h -(instruction)f(in)f(sequence.)150 1901 y(If)h(the)g(device)h(supplies)f(more) -f(than)h(18)f(condition)g(bits,)h(only)f(bits)h(18{35)e(are)j(tested.)1555 -1886 y Fs(81)p 150 2150 1495 4 v 150 2075 V 148 2148 4 75 v -1643 2148 V 688 2148 V 729 2148 V 896 2148 V 162 2180 a Fq(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2125 y FE(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)150 2042 y Fk(BLK)n(O)190 b(Blo)r(ck)19 b(Out)251 -2180 y Fq(2)p 273 2148 V 12 w(3)202 2124 y FJ(7)541 2180 y -Fq(9)p 563 2148 V 12 w(10)404 2125 y FE(D)607 2124 y FJ(10)p -150 2431 1495 4 v 150 2356 V 148 2429 4 75 v 1643 2429 V 688 -2429 V 729 2429 V 896 2429 V 162 2461 a Fq(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2406 y FE(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 2323 -y Fk(BLKI)212 b(Blo)r(ck)19 b(In)251 2461 y Fq(2)p 273 2429 -V 12 w(3)202 2405 y FJ(7)541 2461 y Fq(9)p 563 2429 V 12 w(10)404 -2406 y FE(D)607 2405 y FJ(00)p 150 2497 720 2 v 181 2524 a -Fr(81)214 2536 y Fq(Conditions)11 b(rep)q(orted)g(in)h(bits)h(0{17)f(can)g(b) -q(e)h(tested)e(b)o(y)i(reading)e(them)h(with)h(a)g Fv(CONI)g -Fq(and)f(then)g(using)g(a)h(test)f(instruction)150 2575 y(\()p -Fj(x)o Fq(2.7\).)p eop -%%Page: 194 144 -194 143 bop 0 50 a FJ(194)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FJ(Add)j(1)g(to)f(eac)o(h)i(half)e(of)g(a)g(p)q(oin)o -(ter)583 180 y Fs(82)636 195 y FJ(in)g(lo)q(cation)g FE(E)5 -b FJ(,)16 b(and)h(place)g(the)h(result)f(bac)o(k)g(in)f FE(E)5 -b FJ(.)17 b(Then)g(p)q(erform)f(a)0 245 y(data)h(IO)g(instruction)g(in)g(the) -h(same)e(direction)h(as)g(the)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(IO)g(instruction,)h(using)f -(the)g(righ)o(t)g(half)f(of)g(the)0 295 y(incremen)o(ted)d(p)q(oin)o(ter)h -(as)f(the)g(e\013ectiv)o(e{address.)21 b(If)12 b(the)i(giv)o(en)f -(instruction)g(is)g(a)g FC(BLK)o(O)p FJ(,)f(p)q(erform)g(a)h -FC(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)p FJ(;)0 345 y(if)g(it)h(is)f(a)h FC(BLKI)p -FJ(,)f(p)q(erform)g(a)g FC(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)p FJ(.)0 430 y(The)20 -b(remaining)d(actions)i(tak)o(en)g(b)o(y)g(this)h(instruction)f(dep)q(end)i -(on)e(whether)h(it)f(is)g(executed)i(as)f(a)f(priorit)o(y)0 -480 y(in)o(terrupt)c(instruction.)104 607 y FE(Not)g(as)g(an)h(Interrupt)f -(Instruction)s FJ(:)k(If)14 b(the)h(addition)f(has)g(caused)i(the)f(coun)o(t) -f(in)g(the)h(left)f(half)g(of)104 657 y(the)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(to)e(reac)o(h)i -(zero,)g(go)e(on)h(to)g(the)g(next)h(instruction)f(in)g(sequence.)20 -b(Otherwise)c(skip)e(the)104 707 y(next)g(instruction.)104 -792 y FE(As)h(an)h(Interrupt)f(Instruction)s FJ(:)k(If)14 b(the)h(addition)e -(has)h(caused)i(the)f(coun)o(t)f(in)g(the)h(left)f(half)g(of)g(the)104 -842 y(p)q(oin)o(ter)k(to)f(reac)o(h)h(zero,)h(execute)h(the)e(instruction)g -(in)f(the)h(second)h(in)o(terrupt)g(lo)q(cation)d(for)i(the)104 -892 y(lev)o(el.)f(Otherwise)f(dismiss)d(the)h(in)o(terrupt)h(and)e(return)i -(to)f(the)h(in)o(terrupted)g(program.)0 1019 y(It)c(is)f(not)g(exp)q(ected)j -(that)d(blo)q(c)o(k)g(instructions)h(will)e(b)q(e)i(of)f(an)o(y)g(use)h(in)f -(a)g(DECSYSTEM{20.)17 b(F)m(or)10 b(compatibilit)o(y)l(,)0 -1069 y(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)k(the)g(address)h(supplied)f(b)o(y)g(the)h(p)q(oin)o -(ter)f(is)f(tak)o(en)h(to)g(b)q(e)h(in)e(the)i(lo)q(cal)e(section.)0 -1154 y FE(Notes)s FJ(:)k(A)12 b(blo)q(c)o(k)g(IO)g(instruction)g(is)g -(e\013ectiv)o(ely)g(a)g(whole)g(In{Out)g(data)f(handling)g(subroutine.)18 -b(It)12 b(k)o(eeps)h(trac)o(k)0 1204 y(of)g(the)i(blo)q(c)o(k)e(lo)q(cation,) -g(transfers)i(eac)o(h)f(data)g(w)o(ord,)f(and)h(determines)g(when)h(the)f -(blo)q(c)o(k)g(is)f(\014nished.)0 1290 y(Initially)g(the)j(left)f(half)f(of)h -(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(con)o(tains)g(the)h(negativ)o(e)f(of)g(the)h(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)e(of)h(w)o(ords)h(in)e(the)i(blo)q(c)o(k)f(and)0 1339 -y(the)f(righ)o(t)g(half)f(con)o(tains)h(an)f(address)i(1)f(less)h(than)e -(that)h(of)g(the)g(\014rst)h(w)o(ord)f(in)f(the)h(blo)q(c)o(k.)0 -1500 y(The)d(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f(eigh)o(t)h(instructions)g(di\013er)g(from)e -(one)i(another)g(in)f(their)h(total)f(e\013ect,)j(but)e(they)g(are)g(not)g -(all)e(di\013eren)o(t)0 1550 y(with)14 b(resp)q(ect)i(to)d(an)o(y)h(giv)o(en) -f(device.)19 b(A)14 b FC(BLK)o(O)f FJ(acts)i(on)f(a)f(device)i(in)e(exactly)h -(the)h(same)e(w)o(a)o(y)g(as)h(a)g FC(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)p FJ(|)0 -1600 y(the)h(t)o(w)o(o)g(di\013er)g(only)f(in)g(coun)o(ting)g(and)h(other)g -(op)q(erations)g(carried)g(out)g(within)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(and)d(memory)m -(.)0 1649 y(Similarly)l(,)d(no)i(device)i(can)f(distinguish)f(b)q(et)o(w)o -(een)j(a)d FC(BLKI)h FJ(and)f(a)h FC(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)p FJ(;)d(and)j(a)g -(device)g(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(supplies)h(the)0 1699 y(same)c(input)i(conditions)f -(during)g(a)g FC(CONI)p FJ(,)f FC(CONSZ)p FJ(,)g(or)i FC(CONSO)e -FJ(whether)j(the)f(program)d(tests)k(them)e(or)g(simply)0 1749 -y(stores)k(them.)0 1835 y(Hence,)f(the)e(eigh)o(t)h(instructions)f(ma)o(y)f -(b)q(e)i(categorized)g(as)f(b)q(eing)h(of)e(four)h(t)o(yp)q(es,)h(represen)o -(ted)i(b)o(y)d(the)h(\014rst)g(four)0 1884 y(instructions)i(describ)q(ed)i -(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)j(Moreo)o(v)o(er,)15 b(a)g(complete)f(treatmen)o(t)g(of)h -(the)g(programming)c(of)j(an)o(y)g(external)0 1934 y(device)20 -b(can)f(b)q(e)h(giv)o(en)e(in)h(terms)g(of)f(these)j(four)d(instructions,)j -(t)o(w)o(o)d(of)h(whic)o(h)g(are)g(for)g(input)g(and)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(for)0 -1984 y(output.)134 1969 y Fs(83)0 2070 y FJ(Ev)o(ery)13 b(device)h(requires)g -(initial)d(conditions;)i(these)h(are)f(sen)o(t)h(b)o(y)f(a)f -FC(CONO)p FJ(,)g(whic)o(h)h(can)g(supply)g(up)f(to)h(eigh)o(teen)0 -2119 y(bits)k(of)g(con)o(trol)g(information)d(to)j(the)h(device)g(con)o(trol) -f(register.)29 b(The)18 b(program)e(can)h(determine)g(the)h(status)0 -2169 y(of)d(the)h(device)h(from)c(up)j(to)g(thirt)o(y{six)f(bits)g(of)g -(input)h(conditions)f(that)g(can)h(b)q(e)h(read)f(b)o(y)f(a)g -FC(CONI)g FJ(\(but)h(only)0 2219 y(the)g(righ)o(tmost)e(eigh)o(teen)i(bits)f -(can)g(b)q(e)h(tested)h(b)o(y)e(a)g FC(CONSZ)g FJ(or)g FC(CONSO)p -FJ(\).)f(Some)h(input)g(bits)g(simply)e(re\015ect)0 2269 y(initial)f -(conditions)i(sen)o(t)i(b)o(y)e(a)g(previous)h FC(CONO)p FJ(,)d(others)k(are) -f(set)g(up)f(b)o(y)h(output)f(conditions)g(but)h(are)f(sub)r(ject)0 -2319 y(to)e(subsequen)o(t)j(adjustmen)o(t)d(b)o(y)g(the)h(device,)g(and)g -(still)f(others)h(ma)o(y)e(ha)o(v)o(e)h(no)h(direct)g(connection)g(with)g -(output)0 2368 y(conditions.)p 0 2395 720 2 v 31 2422 a Fr(82)64 -2434 y Fq(In)e(the)f(KA10)i(incremen)o(tin)o(g)d(b)q(oth)h(halv)o(es)g(of)h -(the)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)e(is)j(e\013ected)d(b)o(y)i(adding)e(1000001)1345 -2439 y Fr(8)1372 2434 y Fq(to)i(the)g(en)o(tire)e(register)h(\(and)g(a)0 -2473 y(carry)g(can)h(therefore)e(go)i(from)f(the)h(righ)o(t)f(half)h(in)o(to) -g(the)f(left\).)31 2501 y Fr(83)64 2513 y Fq(The)h(w)o(ord)g(\\input")e(used) -i(without)f(quali\014cation)e(alw)o(a)o(ys)j(refers)f(to)h(the)g(transfer)e -(of)i(data)g(from)f(the)h(p)q(eripheral)d(equipmen)o(t)0 2552 -y(in)o(to)j(the)f(pro)q(cessor;)f(\\output")g(refers)i(to)g(the)g(transfer)e -(in)i(the)g(opp)q(osite)f(direction.)p eop -%%Page: 195 145 -195 144 bop 150 50 a Fy(2.19.)31 b(USER)13 b(PR)o(OGRAMMING)1154 -b FJ(195)150 195 y(Data)15 b(is)h(mo)o(v)o(ed)e(in)h(and)h(out)f(in)h(b)o -(ytes)g(of)f(v)n(arious)g(sizes)i(or)f(in)f(full)f(36{bit)h(w)o(ords.)24 -b(Eac)o(h)16 b(program)e(transfer)150 245 y(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)k(memory)13 -b(and)j(a)g(device)h(data)f(bu\013er)h(requires)h(a)d(single)h -FC(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)e FJ(or)j FC(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)p FJ(.)c(Ev)o(ery)k(device)g -(has)f(a)150 295 y FC(CONO)11 b FJ(and)i FC(CONI)p FJ(,)e(but)i(it)f(has)g -(only)g(one)h(data)f(instruction)h(unless)g(it)f(is)h(capable)f(of)g(b)q(oth) -h(input)f(and)g(output.)150 345 y(A)19 b FC(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)f -FJ(that)h(addresses)j(an)d(output{only)f(device)j(simply)c(clears)j(lo)q -(cation)e FE(E)5 b FJ(.)19 b(On)h(the)g(other)g(hand,)g(a)150 -394 y FC(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)13 b FJ(that)i(addresses)i(an)d(input{only)g -(device)i(is)f(a)f(no{op.)21 b(When)15 b(the)g(device)h(co)q(de)g(is)e -(unde\014ned)i(or)f(the)150 444 y(addressed)20 b(device)f(is)f(not)g(in)f -(the)i(system,)g(a)e FC(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)p FJ(,)f FC(CONO)p -FJ(,)g(or)j FC(CONSO)e FJ(is)h(a)f(no{op;)i(a)f FC(CONSZ)g -FJ(is)g(an)150 494 y(unconditional)13 b(skip;)g(and)h(a)f FC(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)f -FJ(or)i FC(CONI)f FJ(clears)h(lo)q(cation)f FE(E)5 b FJ(.)150 -580 y(The)16 b(general)h(e\013ects)h(of)d(the)h(IO)h(instructions)f(are)h(as) -f(giv)o(en)f(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)h(but)g(a)g(single)f(instruction)i(v)n(aries)e -(in)h(its)150 629 y(individual)f(e\013ects)20 b(from)c(one)h(external)h -(device)h(to)e(another.)29 b(F)m(or)17 b(KI10)h(and)f(KA10)g(in)o(ternal)g -(devices,)i(the)150 679 y(instructions)h(still)e(ha)o(v)o(e)h(the)h(same)f -(general)g(e\013ects)i(and)f(ha)o(v)o(e)f(the)h(same)e(relation)h(to)g(one)g -(another;)j(but,)150 729 y(again,)12 b(they)j(v)n(ary)e(in)g(individual)f -(e\013ects)k(that)e(are)g(do)q(cumen)o(ted)g(in)g(the)g(descriptions)h(in)f -(Chapter)g(4.)150 815 y(The)21 b(situation)f(is)g(quite)g(di\013eren)o(t,)j -(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)f(with)e(resp)q(ect)j(to)d(KL10)g(in)o(ternal)g(devices.) -39 b(F)m(or)20 b(example,)150 864 y(a)15 b FC(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)d(P)m(A)o(G,)i -FJ(is)h(really)g(a)h FC(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)p FJ(|it)c(reads)17 -b(information)c(from)h(the)i(pager;)g(but)g(a)f FC(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)d(CCA,)i -FJ(is)i(not)f(a)150 914 y FC(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)p FJ(|it)7 b(sw)o(eeps)k(through) -f(the)h(cac)o(he)f(in)o(v)n(alidating)d(all)i(pages,)h(and)g(it)f(has)h(its)g -(o)o(wn)g(mnemonic,)d FC(SWPIA)p FJ(.)i(The)150 964 y(instruction)j -FC(BLKI)h(PI,)d FJ(has)i(no)f(connection)h(whatev)o(er)g(with)f -FC(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)h(PI,)e FJ(b)q(ecause)j(it)e(is)g(not)g(a)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f -(instruction)150 1014 y(at)i(all|it)e(is)i(actually)f(the)i(instruction)f -FC(RDERA)p FJ(,)f(whic)o(h)h(reads)h(the)g(error)g(address)g(register.)19 -b(In)13 b(other)h(w)o(ords,)150 1064 y(although)h(some)g(of)h(the)h(IO)f -(instructions)h(for)f(KL10)f(in)o(ternal)h(devices)h(are)g(equiv)n(alen)o(t)e -(in)h(general)g(terms)g(to)150 1113 y(the)g(same)f(instructions)h(for)g -(external)g(p)q(eripherals,)g(man)o(y)e(of)h(them)g(are)h(uniquely)f -(de\014ned)i(op)q(erations)f(that)150 1163 y(b)q(ear)g(none)f(of)g(the)g -(standard)h(relationships)f(to)g(the)g(t)o(ypical)g(case)h(or)f(to)g(other)g -(instructions)h(using)f(the)h(same)150 1213 y(device)g(co)q(de)g(\(in)f(some) -f(cases)j(ev)o(en)f(when)g(for)f(the)h(same)e(device\).)23 -b(When)16 b(a)f(unique)g(mnemonic)e(is)i(assigned)150 1263 -y(for)e(an)g(instruction,)h(the)g(form)e(using)h(a)g(device)h(mnemonic)d(is)j -(giv)o(en)f(at)g(the)h(righ)o(t)f(end)h(of)f(the)h(top)f(line)g(in)g(the)150 -1313 y(description.)150 1486 y FA(2.19)70 b(User)23 b(Programm)o(i)o(ng)150 -1612 y FJ(The)14 b(preceding)h(sections)f(de\014ne)h(the)f(mac)o -(hine{language)d(c)o(haracteristics)k(of)e(the)h(system)g(from)e(a)h(user)h -(p)q(oin)o(t)150 1662 y(of)i(view.)24 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)17 -b(e\016cien)o(t)g(and)f(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(use)h(of)d(the)i(system)f(is)g -(a\013ected)i(greatly)e(b)o(y)g(the)g(soft)o(w)o(are;)h(the)150 -1712 y(user)d(should)f(therefore)h(consult)f(the)h(appropriate)f(Monitor)f -(man)o(ual,)f(esp)q(ecially)i(for)f(the)i(emplo)o(ymen)o(t)c(of)i(the)150 -1762 y(Monitor)g(for)h(input{output.)18 b(F)m(or)12 b(con)o(v)o(enience,)i -(those)g(rules)f(that)h(the)f(user)h(m)o(ust)e(observ)o(e)i(and)f(that)g(are) -g(the)150 1812 y(result)i(of)e(XKL)404 1808 y(-)416 1812 y(1,)g(KL10,)g(and)h -(KS10)g(hardw)o(are)g(c)o(haracteristics)i(are)e(listed)g(here.)212 -1939 y FH(\017)21 b FJ(If)11 b(an)h(area)f(of)g(memory)f(is)h -(write{protected)j(\(e.g.,)d(for)g(a)h(reen)o(tran)o(t)g(program)f(shared)h -(b)o(y)g(sev)o(eral)g(users\),)254 1988 y(do)17 b(not)h(attempt)f(to)h(store) -h(an)o(ything)e(in)g(it.)30 b(In)18 b(particular,)g(do)g(not)f(execute)j(a)e -FC(JSR)f FJ(or)h FC(JSA)f FJ(in)o(to)g(a)254 2038 y(write{protected)f(page.) -212 2121 y FH(\017)21 b FJ(Use)15 b(the)f(MUUO)h(co)q(des)g(only)f(in)f(the)i -(manner)e(prescrib)q(ed)j(in)e(the)g(Monitor)g(man)o(ual.)i(Unless)f(they)g -(are)254 2171 y(prescrib)q(ed)j(for)f(sp)q(ecial)g(circumstances,)g(the)h -(unassigned)f(co)q(des)h(should)e(not)h(b)q(e)g(used.)27 b(Co)q(de)17 -b(000)f(is)254 2221 y(illegal)c(in)h(an)o(y)h(an)o(y)f(circumstance.)212 -2304 y FH(\017)21 b FJ(Do)13 b(not)h(use)h FC(HAL)m(T)f FJ(\()p -FC(JRST)f(4,)p FJ(\))h(unless)g(y)o(ou)g(w)o(an)o(t)f(y)o(our)h(program)e -(stopp)q(ed.)212 2387 y FH(\017)21 b FJ(Alw)o(a)o(ys)14 b(b)q(e)i(a)o(w)o -(are)f(of)g(the)h(con)o(text)f(in)g(whic)o(h)g(the)h(program)e(is)h(running,) -g(and)g(mak)o(e)e(sure)k(to)e(use)h(only)254 2437 y(op)q(erations)i -(appropriate)h(to)f(that)g(con)o(text.)32 b(In)19 b(particular,)g(b)q(e)f -(familiar)d(with)j(whic)o(h)h(forms)e(of)g(the)254 2487 y FC(JRST)d -FJ(instruction)g(are)h(legal)e(in)h(whic)o(h)g(circumstances,)g(as)h -(explained)f(in)f FH(x)q FJ(2.9.4.)k FC(JRST)d FJ(functions)g(for)254 -2536 y(handling)e(in)o(terrupts)j(are)g(legal)e(when)h(IO)g(is)g(legal.)p -eop -%%Page: 196 146 -196 145 bop 0 50 a FJ(196)1044 b Fy(CHAPTER)14 b(2.)32 b(USER)14 -b(OPERA)m(TIONS)62 195 y FH(\017)21 b FJ(Unless)14 b(User)h(In{Out)f(is)f -(set,)h(do)g(not)f(giv)o(e)g(an)o(y)g(IO)h(instruction)g(with)f(device)h(co)q -(de)h(less)f(than)g(740)e(\(an)o(y)104 245 y(at)k(all)g(in)g(the)i(XKL)435 -241 y(-)447 245 y(1,)f(KS10)f(or)h(KA10\).)27 b(The)17 b(program)e(can)i -(determine)g(if)f(User)i(In{Out)f(is)f(set)i(b)o(y)104 295 -y(examining)11 b(bit)j(6)f(of)h(the)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(\015ags.)62 -378 y FH(\017)21 b FJ(If)c(y)o(our)g(public)g(program)f(has)h(the)h(use)g(of) -f(concealed)h(programs,)f(do)g(not)g(reference)j(a)d(lo)q(cation)f(in)h(a)104 -428 y(concealed)e(page)f(for)g(an)o(y)f(purp)q(ose)i(except)h(to)e(fetc)o(h)h -(an)e(instruction)i(from)d(a)i(v)n(alid)f(en)o(try)h(p)q(oin)o(t;)g(i.e.,)e -(a)104 477 y(lo)q(cation)h(con)o(taining)g(a)g FC(PORT)m(AL)g -FJ(\()p FC(JRST)h(1,)o FJ(\).)62 560 y FH(\017)21 b FJ(In)10 -b(an)g(extended)h(pro)q(cessor,)h(do)e(not)g(use)h FC(JEN)f -FJ(in)f(a)h(non{zero)h(section.)17 b(Also)10 b(b)q(e)h(a)o(w)o(are)f(of)f -(the)i(di\013erences)104 610 y(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(running)f(in)f(section)i -(zero)f(and)g(in)g(other)g(sections.)18 b(Di\013erences)13 -b(app)q(ear)e(b)q(oth)g(in)g(the)g(execution)104 660 y(of)16 -b(instructions,)i(suc)o(h)g(as)f FC(JSR)g FJ(and)f FC(JSP)p -FJ(,)g(and)h(in)f(the)i(format)d(and)i(handling)f(of)g(suc)o(h)i(quan)o -(tities)f(as)104 710 y(index)d(registers,)h(indirect)f(address)h(w)o(ords,)f -(and)f(stac)o(k)i(and)e(b)o(yte)i(p)q(oin)o(ters.)62 793 y -FH(\017)21 b FJ(Mak)o(e)14 b(sure)h(to)e(format)f(the)j(accum)o(ulators)e -(correctly)i(in)e(string)h(instructions)h(\()p FH(x)p FJ(2.12\))0 -920 y(The)f(user)h(can)f(giv)o(e)g(a)f FC(JRSTF)g FJ(or)h FC(XJRSTF)p -FJ(,)e(but)i(a)g(0)g(in)f(bit)g(5)h(of)f(the)i(PC)f(w)o(ord)f(or)h(\015ag)g -(w)o(ord)f(do)q(es)i(not)f(clear)0 970 y(User)f(\(a)f(program)f(cannot)h(lea) -o(v)o(e)g(user)i(mo)q(de)d(this)h(w)o(a)o(y\);)g(and)g(a)g(1)g(in)f(bit)h(6)g -(do)q(es)h(not)f(set)h(User)h(In{Out,)e(so)g(the)0 1020 y(user)17 -b(cannot)f(v)o(oid)f(an)o(y)g(of)g(the)i(instruction)f(restrictions)h -(himself.)22 b(Note)16 b(that)g(a)f(0)h(in)f(bit)h(6)f(will)g(clear)h(User)0 -1069 y(In{Out,)f(so)f(a)h(user)h(can)e(discard)i(his)e(o)o(wn)g(sp)q(ecial)h -(privileges.)21 b(Similarl)o(y)12 b(a)i(1)h(in)f(bit)g(7)h(sets)h(Public,)e -(but)h(a)f(0)0 1119 y(do)q(es)h(not)e(clear)i(it,)e(so)h(a)f(public)h -(program)e(cannot)i(en)o(ter)h(concealed)g(mo)q(de)e(this)h(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)0 -1205 y(Man)o(y)19 b(hardw)o(are)g(c)o(haracteristics,)i(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)f -(are)g(actually)e(transparen)o(t)i(to)f(the)g(user;)j(in)d(particular,)g(the) -0 1255 y(whole)c(paging)f(setup)i(is)f(in)o(visible.)21 b(Although)14 -b(the)i(hardw)o(are)g(allo)o(ws)e(for)g(user)j(virtual)d(address)i(spaces)h -(that)0 1304 y(are)d(scattered)h(or)f(v)o(ery)f(large)g(\(ev)o(en)i(larger)e -(than)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)f(ph)o(ysical)h(memory\),)d(the)k(actual)f(constrain) -o(ts)h(will)0 1354 y(b)q(e)i(dictated)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(particular)g(Monitor)f -(and)g(the)i(system)e(manager.)22 b(Most)16 b(TOPS{10)f(Monitors)h(enforce)0 -1404 y(a)f(t)o(w)o(o{segmen)o(t)f(virtual)g(address)j(space)f(that)f(mimics)e -(the)i(one)h(imp)q(osed)e(b)o(y)h(the)h(KA10)f(hardw)o(are.)22 -b(In)15 b(an)o(y)0 1454 y(case,)e(the)f(user)g(m)o(ust)f(write)h(a)f -(sensible)h(program)e(whic)o(h)i(can)f(b)q(e)i(handled)e(easily)g(and)h(c)o -(heaply)f(b)o(y)g(the)i(system;)0 1504 y(if)e(he)i(uses)g(addresses)h(a)e -(few)g(to)g(a)g(page)g(all)f(o)o(v)o(er)h(memory)m(,)d(his)j(program)f(can)h -(b)q(e)h(run)f(but)h(will)d(require)j(a)f(m)o(uc)o(h)0 1553 -y(larger)i(amoun)o(t)e(of)h(space)i(than)f(necessary)i(or)e(cause)h(excessiv) -o(e)g(page)f(sw)o(apping.)0 1639 y(The)j(basic)f(idea)g(is)g(to)g(lo)q -(calize)g(ev)o(erything)h(as)f(m)o(uc)o(h)f(as)i(p)q(ossible.)25 -b(Do)16 b(not)g(spread)h(parts)g(of)f(the)h(program)0 1689 -y(out)f(through)g(the)g(address)h(space,)g(lea)o(ving)e(gaps.)23 -b(Put)17 b(together)f(whatev)o(er)h(will)d(b)q(e)j(used)g(together:)22 -b(divide)0 1739 y(a)15 b(large)g(program)f(in)o(to)h(smaller)f(segmen)o(ts)h -(and)h(with)f(eac)o(h)h(group)f(of)g(instructions)h(put)g(whatev)o(er)g(p)q -(oin)o(ters,)0 1788 y(data)g(lo)q(cations,)f(and)h(the)h(lik)o(e)f(that)g -(will)e(b)q(e)j(used)g(with)f(it.)24 b(Group)16 b(together)h(subroutines)g -(that)g(are)f(called)0 1838 y(b)o(y)g(the)h(same)e(programs.)24 -b(If)16 b(a)g(pac)o(k)n(age)g(is)g(to)g(b)q(e)h(used)g(at)f(all)f(frequen)o -(tly)m(,)h(tak)o(e)h(adv)n(an)o(tage)e(of)h(the)h(v)n(arious)0 -1888 y(features)e(\(e.g.,)e(a)h(core)h(map\))e(pro)o(vided)h(b)o(y)g(the)g -(Digital)e(soft)o(w)o(are)j(to)e(determine)i(just)f(ho)o(w)g(the)g(pac)o(k)n -(age)g(w)o(as)0 1938 y(assem)o(bled)f(and,)h(if)f(necessary)m(,)i(revise)f -(it)g(to)g(reduce)h(the)g(w)o(orking)e(set)h(of)g(pages.)0 -2023 y(The)j(rules)g(giv)o(en)f(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g(apply)f(generally)h(to)g -(all)f(systems,)i(but)g(there)g(are)g(minor)d(di\013erences)19 -b(from)c(one)h(to)0 2073 y(another;)g(a)f(user)i(who)e(wishes)h(to)f(write)h -(programs)e(to)h(run)h(on)f(more)f(than)i(one)f(t)o(yp)q(e)h(of)f(pro)q -(cessor)i(m)o(ust)d(b)q(e)0 2123 y(a)o(w)o(are)g(of)g(whatev)o(er)i -(incompatibili)o(ties)c(exist.)21 b(F)m(or)14 b(example,)f(the)i(in)o -(terrupt{handling)f FC(JRST)g FJ(functions)h(are)0 2173 y(legal)d(in)h(user)h -(IO)g(mo)q(de)e(except)i(on)f(the)h(KI10,)f(where)h(they)g(are)f(restricted)i -(to)e(k)o(ernel)h(mo)q(de.)j(Because)e(of)d(the)0 2223 y(more)j(restricting)i -FC(JRST)f FJ(deco)q(ding)g(in)g(the)g(earlier)g(pro)q(cessors,)j(the)d(XKL) -1227 2219 y(-)1240 2223 y(1,)g(KL10,)f(and)h(KS10)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(more)0 -2272 y(functions,)i(and)f(they)g(pro)q(duce)i(quite)e(di\013eren)o(t)h -(e\013ects)h(when)f(giv)o(en)f(in)f(a)h(KI10)g(or)g(KA10)g(program.)27 -b(The)0 2322 y(matter)11 b(of)h(unassigned)g(co)q(des)h(w)o(orks)f(b)q(oth)g -(w)o(a)o(ys)g(with)g(resp)q(ect)i(to)e(di\013eren)o(t)h(pro)q(cessor)g(mo)q -(dels:)j(instructions)0 2372 y(added)g(in)g(a)f(later)h(mac)o(hine)e(use)j -(co)q(des)g(unassigned)f(in)g(earlier)g(mac)o(hines,)f(but)h(the)g(co)q(des)h -(for)e(the)i(soft)o(w)o(are)0 2422 y(double{precision)i(\015oating{p)q(oin)o -(t)f(instructions)h(are)h(unassigned)g(in)e(later)h(mac)o(hines.)33 -b(Unassigned)20 b(co)q(des)0 2472 y(that)14 b(corresp)q(ond)i(to)f(implem)o -(en)o(ted)e(instructions)i(in)f(other)h(mac)o(hines)e(should)h(b)q(e)h(used)h -(only)d(if)h(the)h(soft)o(w)o(are)0 2522 y(includes)e(in)o(terpretiv)o(e)g -(routines)g(for)f(them,)f(but)i(wherev)o(er)h(p)q(ossible)e(they)h(should)f -(b)q(e)h(a)o(v)o(oided)f(b)q(ecause)i(of)d(the)0 2571 y(sev)o(ere)16 -b(time)c(p)q(enalt)o(y)m(.)p eop -%%Trailer -end -userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if -%%EOF -%!PS-Adobe-2.0 -%%Creator: dvips 5.497 Copyright 1986, 1992 Radical Eye Software -%%Title: architecture.dvi -%%CreationDate: Wed Jan 13 12:18:45 1999 -%%Pages: 148 -%%PageOrder: Ascend -%%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 -%%EndComments -%DVIPSCommandLine: DVIPS -oarch-part3.psf -p197 -l344 architecture -%DVIPSSource: TeX output 1999.01.13:1153 -%%BeginProcSet: tex.pro -/TeXDict 250 dict def -TeXDict begin -/N{def}def -/B{bind def}N -/S{exch}N -/X{S N}B -/TR{translate}N -/isls false N -/vsize 11 72 mul N -/@rigin{isls{[0 -1 1 0 0 0] concat} - if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale - isls{Resolution hsize -72 div mul 0 TR} - if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul TR matrix - currentmatrix dup dup 4 get round 4 exch put - dup dup 5 get round 5 exch put - setmatrix}N -/@landscape{/isls true N}B -/@manualfeed{statusdict /manualfeed true put}B -/@copies{/#copies X}B -/FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N -/FBB[0 0 0 0]N -/nn 0 N -/IE 0 N -/ctr 0 N -/df-tail{/nn 8 dict N nn begin - /FontType 3 N - /FontMatrix fntrx N - /FontBBox FBB N - string /base X array /BitMaps X - /BuildChar{CharBuilder}N - /Encoding IE N - end - dup{/foo setfont}2 array copy cvx N load 0 nn put - /ctr 0 N[}B - -/df{/sf 1 N /fntrx FMat N df-tail}B -/dfs{div /sf X /fntrx[sf 0 0 sf neg 0 0]N df-tail}B - -/E{pop nn dup definefont setfont}B - -/ch-width{ch-data dup length 5 sub get}B -/ch-height{ch-data dup length 4 sub get}B -/ch-xoff{128 ch-data dup length 3 sub get sub}B -/ch-yoff{ch-data dup length 2 sub get 127 sub}B -/ch-dx{ch-data dup length 1 sub get}B -/ch-image{ch-data dup type /stringtype ne{ctr get /ctr ctr 1 add N}if}B -/id 0 N -/rw 0 N -/rc 0 N -/gp 0 N -/cp 0 N -/G 0 N -/sf 0 N - -/CharBuilder{save 3 1 roll S dup - /base get 2 index get S - /BitMaps get S get - /ch-data X pop - /ctr 0 N - ch-dx 0 ch-xoff ch-yoff ch-height sub ch-xoff ch-width - add ch-yoff setcachedevice ch-width ch-height true - [1 0 0 -1 -.1 ch-xoff sub ch-yoff .1 add]{ch-image} - imagemask restore}B - -/D{/cc X dup type /stringtype ne{]}if nn - /base get cc ctr put nn - /BitMaps get S ctr S sf 1 ne - {dup dup length 1 sub dup 2 index S get sf div put}if - put /ctr ctr 1 add N}B - -/I{cc 1 add D}B -/bop{userdict /bop-hook known{bop-hook}if /SI save N - @rigin 0 0 moveto - /V matrix currentmatrix dup 1 get dup mul exch 0 get dup mul add .99 - lt{/QV}{/RV}ifelse load def pop pop}N - -/eop{SI restore showpage userdict /eop-hook known{eop-hook}if}N - -/@start{userdict /start-hook known{start-hook} - if pop /VResolution X /Resolution X 1000 div - /DVImag X /IE 256 array N 0 1 255 - {IE S 1 string dup 0 3 index put cvn put} - for 65781.76 div /vsize X 65781.76 div /hsize X}N -/p{show}N -/RMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N -/BDot 260 string N -/rulex 0 N -/ruley 0 N -/v{/ruley X /rulex X V}B -/V{}B -/RV statusdict begin /product where{ - pop product dup length 7 ge - {0 7 getinterval dup(Display)eq exch 0 4 getinterval(NeXT)eq or} - {pop false}ifelse}{false}ifelse end - {{gsave TR -.1 -.1 TR 1 1 scale rulex ruley false - RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}} - {{gsave TR -.1 -.1 TR rulex ruley scale - 1 1 false RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}} ifelse B -/QV{gsave transform round exch round exch itransform moveto - rulex 0 rlineto 0 ruley neg rlineto rulex neg 0 rlineto fill grestore}B -/a{moveto}B -/delta 0 N -/tail{dup /delta X 0 rmoveto}B -/M{S p delta add tail}B -/b{S p tail}B -/c{-4 M}B -/d{-3 M}B -/e{-2 M}B -/f{-1 M}B -/g{0 M}B -/h{1 M}B -/i{2 M}B -/j{3 M}B -/k{4 M}B -/w{0 rmoveto}B -/l{p -4 w}B -/m{p -3 w}B -/n{p -2 w}B -/o{p -1 w}B -/q{p 1 w}B -/r{p 2 w}B -/s{p 3 w}B -/t{p 4 w}B -/x{0 S rmoveto}B -/y{3 2 roll p a}B -/bos{/SS save N}B -/eos{SS restore}B end -%%EndProcSet -%%BeginProcSet: special.pro -TeXDict begin /SDict 200 dict N SDict begin /@SpecialDefaults{/hs 612 N /vs -792 N /ho 0 N /vo 0 N /hsc 1 N /vsc 1 N /ang 0 N /CLIP 0 N /rwiSeen false N -/rhiSeen false N /letter{}N /note{}N /a4{}N /legal{}N}B /@scaleunit 100 N -/@hscale{@scaleunit div /hsc X}B /@vscale{@scaleunit div /vsc X}B /@hsize{/hs -X /CLIP 1 N}B /@vsize{/vs X /CLIP 1 N}B /@clip{/CLIP 2 N}B /@hoffset{/ho X}B -/@voffset{/vo X}B /@angle{/ang X}B /@rwi{10 div /rwi X /rwiSeen true N}B /@rhi -{10 div /rhi X /rhiSeen true N}B /@llx{/llx X}B /@lly{/lly X}B /@urx{/urx X}B -/@ury{/ury X}B /magscale true def end /@MacSetUp{userdict /md known{userdict -/md get type /dicttype eq{userdict begin md length 10 add md maxlength ge{/md -md dup length 20 add dict copy def}if end md begin /letter{}N /note{}N /legal{ -}N /od{txpose 1 0 mtx defaultmatrix dtransform S atan/pa X newpath clippath -mark{transform{itransform moveto}}{transform{itransform lineto}}{6 -2 roll -transform 6 -2 roll transform 6 -2 roll transform{itransform 6 2 roll -itransform 6 2 roll itransform 6 2 roll curveto}}{{closepath}}pathforall -newpath counttomark array astore /gc xdf pop ct 39 0 put 10 fz 0 fs 2 -F/|______Courier fnt invertflag{PaintBlack}if}N /txpose{pxs pys scale ppr -aload pop por{noflips{pop S neg S TR pop 1 -1 scale}if xflip yflip and{pop S -neg S TR 180 rotate 1 -1 scale ppr 3 get ppr 1 get neg sub neg ppr 2 get ppr 0 -get neg sub neg TR}if xflip yflip not and{pop S neg S TR pop 180 rotate ppr 3 -get ppr 1 get neg sub neg 0 TR}if yflip xflip not and{ppr 1 get neg ppr 0 get -neg TR}if}{noflips{TR pop pop 270 rotate 1 -1 scale}if xflip yflip and{TR pop -pop 90 rotate 1 -1 scale ppr 3 get ppr 1 get neg sub neg ppr 2 get ppr 0 get -neg sub neg TR}if xflip yflip not and{TR pop pop 90 rotate ppr 3 get ppr 1 get -neg sub neg 0 TR}if yflip xflip not and{TR pop pop 270 rotate ppr 2 get ppr 0 -get neg sub neg 0 S TR}if}ifelse scaleby96{ppr aload pop 4 -1 roll add 2 div 3 -1 roll add 2 div 2 copy TR .96 dup scale neg S neg S TR}if}N /cp{pop pop -showpage pm restore}N end}if}if}N /normalscale{Resolution 72 div VResolution -72 div neg scale magscale{DVImag dup scale}if 0 setgray}N /psfts{S 65781.76 -div N}N /startTexFig{/psf$SavedState save N userdict maxlength dict begin -/magscale false def normalscale currentpoint TR /psf$ury psfts /psf$urx psfts -/psf$lly psfts /psf$llx psfts /psf$y psfts /psf$x psfts currentpoint /psf$cy X -/psf$cx X /psf$sx psf$x psf$urx psf$llx sub div N /psf$sy psf$y psf$ury -psf$lly sub div N psf$sx psf$sy scale psf$cx psf$sx div psf$llx sub psf$cy -psf$sy div psf$ury sub TR /showpage{}N /erasepage{}N /copypage{}N /p 3 def -@MacSetUp}N /doclip{psf$llx psf$lly psf$urx psf$ury currentpoint 6 2 roll -newpath 4 copy 4 2 roll moveto 6 -1 roll S lineto S lineto S lineto closepath -clip newpath moveto}N /endTexFig{end psf$SavedState restore}N /@beginspecial{ -SDict begin /SpecialSave save N gsave normalscale currentpoint TR -@SpecialDefaults count /ocount X /dcount countdictstack N}N /@setspecial{CLIP -1 eq{newpath 0 0 moveto hs 0 rlineto 0 vs rlineto hs neg 0 rlineto closepath -clip}if ho vo TR hsc vsc scale ang rotate rwiSeen{rwi urx llx sub div rhiSeen{ -rhi ury lly sub div}{dup}ifelse scale llx neg lly neg TR}{rhiSeen{rhi ury lly -sub div dup scale llx neg lly neg TR}if}ifelse CLIP 2 eq{newpath llx lly -moveto urx lly lineto urx ury lineto llx ury lineto closepath clip}if -/showpage{}N /erasepage{}N /copypage{}N newpath}N /@endspecial{count ocount -sub{pop}repeat countdictstack dcount sub{end}repeat grestore SpecialSave -restore end}N /@defspecial{SDict begin}N /@fedspecial{end}B /li{lineto}B /rl{ -rlineto}B /rc{rcurveto}B /np{/SaveX currentpoint /SaveY X N 1 setlinecap -newpath}N /st{stroke SaveX SaveY moveto}N /fil{fill SaveX SaveY moveto}N -/ellipse{/endangle X /startangle X /yrad X /xrad X /savematrix matrix -currentmatrix N TR xrad yrad scale 0 0 1 startangle endangle arc savematrix -setmatrix}N end -%%EndProcSet -TeXDict begin 40258431 52099146 1000 300 300 -(/dxx/documentation/toad/architecture/architecture.dvi) @start -/Fa 2 28 df<0000700001F00003C0000780000E00001C0000380000700000700000F00000E000 -00E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000 -00E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000 -00E00000E00000E00001C00001C00001C0000380000700000600000E0000380000700000C00000 -7000003800000E000006000007000003800001C00001C00001C00000E00000E00000E00000E000 -00E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000 -00E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000 -00F000007000007000003800001C00000E000007800003C00001F000007014637B811F>26 -DI -E /Fb 4 20 df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c 5 117 df66 D68 D<7FFFF8603818403808403808803804803804 -803804003800003800003800003800003800003800003800003800003800003800003800003800 -00380000380000380007FFC016177F961A>84 D<03F0000C0C00180600300300600180400080C0 -00C0C000C0C000C0C000C0C000C06001806001803003001806000C0C0003F00012117F9015> -111 D116 D E /Fd 45 124 -df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e -28 121 df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f 33 122 df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g 1 111 df<383C0044C60047020046 -02008E06000C06000C06000C0C00180C00180C40181840181880300880300F00120E7F8D15> -110 D E /Fh 1 121 df<1F0030806040C0C0C0C0C000C000600030000C0033006080C0C0C060 -C060C060606020C019800600018000C0006000606060606040C021801F000B1D7E9610>120 -D E /Fi 62 124 df<007FC1FF03FFCFFF07FFDFFF0FFFFFFF0FE0FF831FC07F001FC07F001FC0 -7F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F007FFC7FF0FFFE7FF8FFFE7FF87FFC7FF01FC07F001F -C07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F00 -1FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F000F803E0020237FA220>11 -D<00007E00FEFF03FEFF07FEFF0FFEFF0FC6FF1FC27E1FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0 -007FFC3EFFFE7FFFFE7F7FFC7F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC0 -7F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F0F803E18247FA31D>I<00 -3C007800F001F003E007E007C00FC00F801F801F803F003F003F007F007F007E007E00FE00FE00 -FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE007E007E007F007F003F003F003F001F801F -800F800FC007C007E003E001F000F00078003C0E317DA415>40 DI44 -D<00FC0007FF800FFFC01FFFE03F87F03F03F07F03F87E01F87E01F87E01F8FE01FCFE01FCFE01 -FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01 -FCFE01FC7E01F87E01F87F03F87F03F83F03F03F87F01FFFE00FFFC007FF8000FC0016257EA31B ->48 D<00700000F80003F8007FF800FFF800FFF800FFF80043F80003F80003F80003F80003F800 -03F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F800 -03F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F8003FFF807FFFC07FFFC03FFF8012247CA31B> -I<01FC0007FF001FFF803FFFC07FFFE07E0FE0FC07F0F807F07803F83803F83003F81003F80003 -F80003F80003F80007F00007F0000FE0000FC0001FC0001F80003F00007E0000FC0000F80001F0 -0003E00007C0000F80000F80001F00003FFFF07FFFF87FFFF87FFFF83FFFF015247EA31B>I<01 -FE0007FF800FFFC01FFFE03F0FE07C07F03807F03007F01007F00007F00007F00007E0000FE000 -0FC0001FC001FF8001FF0001FFC001FFE00007F00003F80001F80001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC00 -01FC0001FC4001FC6001FC7803F8FE07F8FFFFF07FFFE03FFFC00FFF8001FE0016257EA31B>I< -003F80003FC0007FC0007FC000FFC000EFC001EFC001EFC003EFC003CFC007CFC007CFC00F8FC0 -0F8FC01F8FC01F0FC01F0FC03E0FC03E0FC07C0FC07C0FC0FC0FC0FFFFF8FFFFFCFFFFFCFFFFFC -7FFFF8000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC000078016237EA21B>I<1FFFC03FFF -E03FFFE03FFFE03FFFC03F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003FFE003FFF803FFF -C03FFFE03FC7F03F03F03F03F01E03F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F82003F82003 -F87003F07807F0FE0FF07FFFE03FFFC01FFF800FFF0003F80015247EA21B>I<003F8001FFC003 -FFC007FFC00FE0401FC0003F80003F00007F00007F00007E00007E0000FE3F80FE7FE0FEFFE0FF -FFF0FF83F8FF01F8FF01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FC7E01FC7E01FC7E -01FC7F01F83F03F83F87F81FFFF00FFFE007FFC003FF8000FE0016257EA31B>I<7FFFF8FFFFFC -FFFFFCFFFFFC7FFFF80001F80003F00007E00007E0000FC0001FC0001F80003F80003F00007F00 -007E0000FE0000FE0001FC0001FC0001FC0003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80007F00007F000 -07F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00003E00016237EA21B>I<000FF000001FF800003FFC -00003FFC00003FFC00007FFE00007EFE00007E7E0000FE7F0000FE7F0000FC7F0001FC3F8001FC -3F8001FC3F8003F81FC003F81FC003F81FC007F01FE007F00FE007F00FE00FE00FF00FE007F00F -E007F01FFFFFF81FFFFFF81FFFFFF83FFFFFFC3F8001FC3F8001FC7F0001FE7F0000FE7F0000FE -FE0000FFFE00007F7C00003E20237EA225>65 D<7FFFF000FFFFFC00FFFFFF00FFFFFF80FE007F -C0FE001FC0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE0007E0FE0007E0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE001FC0FE003FC0FE00 -FF80FFFFFF00FFFFFC00FFFFFF00FFFFFFC0FE003FE0FE000FF0FE0007F0FE0003F8FE0003F8FE -0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0007F0FE000FF0FE003FF0FFFFFFE0FFFFFFC0FFFFFF00 -7FFFF8001D237CA225>I<0007FE00007FFFC001FFFFF003FFFFF007FFFFF00FFC07E01FF000E0 -3FC000603F8000207F8000007F0000007F0000007F000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE0000 -00FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE0000007F0000007F0000007F00 -00007F8000003F8000103FC000301FF000700FFC03F007FFFFF003FFFFF001FFFFE0007FFF8000 -07FE001C257DA323>I<7FFFF000FFFFFF00FFFFFF80FFFFFFE0FE003FF0FE000FF8FE0003F8FE -0001FCFE0001FCFE0000FEFE0000FEFE00007EFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007F -FE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007EFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000 -FEFE0001FCFE0003FCFE0007F8FE003FF0FFFFFFE0FFFFFFC0FFFFFF007FFFF00020237CA228> -I<7FFFFE00FFFFFF00FFFFFF00FFFFFF00FFFFFE00FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE00 -0000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FFFFF800FFFFFC00FFFFFC00FFFFFC00FFFFF800FE -000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000 -FE7FFF00FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF807FFFFF0019237CA220>I<7FFFFCFFFFFEFFFF -FEFFFFFEFFFFFCFE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FFFF -E0FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFE0FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00 -00FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00007C000017237CA21E>I<0007FF00007FFFE001FFFFF803 -FFFFF807FFFFF80FFC03F01FF000F03FC000303F8000107F8000007F0000007F0000007F000000 -FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE003FF8FE003FF8FE003FF8FE003F -F8FE003FF87F0003F87F0003F87F0003F87F8003F83F8003F83FC003F81FF003F80FFC03F807FF -FFF803FFFFF801FFFFF8007FFFE00007FE001D257DA325>I<7C00007CFE0000FEFE0000FEFE00 -00FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE -0000FEFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FE -FE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000 -FEFE0000FE7C00007C1F237CA228>I<7CFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFE -FEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFE7C07237CA210>I<780001F8FC0003F8FC0007F0FC000FE0FC001FC0 -FC003F80FC007F00FC00FE00FC01FC00FC07F800FC0FF000FC1FE000FC3FC000FC7F8000FCFF00 -00FDFF0000FFFF8000FFFFC000FFFFE000FFE7E000FFC7F000FF83F800FF01FC00FE00FC00FC00 -FE00FC007F00FC003F80FC001F80FC001FC0FC000FE0FC0007F0FC0003F0FC0003F8FC0001FC78 -0000F81E237CA226>75 D<7C0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE -0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE -0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FFFFF8FFFFFCFFFFFCFFFFFC7FFFF816 -237CA21D>I<7F000001FEFF800003FFFF800003FFFF800003FFFFC00007FFFFC00007FFFDE000 -0FBFFDE0000FBFFDF0001FBFFCF0001F3FFCF0001F3FFCF8003F3FFC78003E3FFC7C007E3FFC7C -007E3FFC3C007C3FFC3E00FC3FFC3E00FC3FFC1F01F83FFC1F01F83FFC0F01F03FFC0F83F03FFC -0F83F03FFC07C7E03FFC07C7E03FFC03EFC03FFC03EFC03FFC03EFC03FFC01FF803FFC01FF803F -FC00FF003FFC00FF003FFC00FF003FFC007E003F780000001E28237CA231>I<7F80003CFFC000 -7EFFC0007EFFE0007EFFE0007EFFF0007EFDF8007EFDF8007EFCFC007EFCFC007EFC7E007EFC7E -007EFC3F007EFC3F007EFC1F807EFC1F807EFC0FC07EFC07C07EFC07E07EFC03F07EFC03F07EFC -01F87EFC01F87EFC00FC7EFC00FC7EFC007E7EFC007E7EFC003F7EFC003F7EFC001FFEFC000FFE -FC000FFEFC0007FEFC0007FE780003FC1F237CA228>I<000FF80000007FFF000001FFFFC00007 -FFFFF0000FF80FF8001FE003FC001FC001FC003F8000FE003F8000FE007F00007F007F00007F00 -7F00007F007E00003F00FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F -80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F807F00007F007F0000 -7F007F00007F003F8000FE003F8000FE001FC001FC001FE003FC000FF80FF80007FFFFF00001FF -FFC00000FFFF8000000FF8000021257DA328>I<7FFFE000FFFFFC00FFFFFF00FFFFFF80FE007F -80FE001FC0FE000FC0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE00 -0FC0FE001FC0FE007F80FFFFFF80FFFFFF00FFFFFC00FFFFE000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE -000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000 -7C0000001B237CA223>I<7FFFE000FFFFFC00FFFFFF00FFFFFF80FE007FC0FE001FC0FE000FE0 -FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE001FC0FE007FC0FFFFFF80FFFFFF -00FFFFFC00FFFFE000FE07F000FE07F000FE03F800FE01F800FE01FC00FE00FC00FE00FE00FE00 -7E00FE007F00FE003F80FE003F80FE001FC0FE001FC0FE000FE0FE000FE07C0007E01B237CA223 ->82 D<00FF8003FFF00FFFFC1FFFFC3FFFFC3F80F83F00387E00187E00087E00007E00007E0000 -7F00003FC0003FF8001FFF801FFFE00FFFF007FFF801FFFC007FFE0003FE0000FE00007F00003F -00003F40003F60003F70003F78003FFC007EFF80FEFFFFFC7FFFFC1FFFF807FFE000FF8018257E -A31E>I<7FFFFFFEFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF7FFFFFFE0007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0 -000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007 -F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F00000 -07F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000003E00020237EA225>I<7C0001F0FE -0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8 -FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003 -F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FF0007F87F0007F07F0007F03F80 -0FE01FE03FC00FFFFF8007FFFF0003FFFE00007FF0001D247CA226>I<7E00000F80FF00001FC0 -7F00003F807F00003F807F80003F803F80007F003F80007F003FC000FF001FC000FE001FC000FE -001FE001FE000FE001FC000FE001FC0007F003F80007F003F80007F003F80003F807F00003F807 -F00003FC07F00001FC0FE00001FC0FE00001FE0FE00000FE1FC00000FE1FC00000FE1FC000007F -3F8000007F3F8000003F3F0000003FBF0000003FFF0000001FFE0000001FFE0000001FFE000000 -0FFC00000007F8000022237FA225>I<78000FF8000F00FC001FF8001F80FC001FFC001F807E00 -1FFC003F007E001FFC003F007E003F7C003F007E003F7E003F003F003F7E007E003F003E7E007E -003F007E3E007E003F007E3F007E001F807E3F00FC001F807C3F00FC001F80FC1F00FC001F80FC -1F80FC000FC0FC1F81F8000FC0F81F81F8000FC1F80F81F8000FC1F80FC1F80007E1F80FC1F000 -07E1F00FC3F00007E1F007C3F00007E3F007E3F00003E3F007E3E00003F3E007E7E00003F3E003 -E7E00003F3E003E7E00001F7E003F7C00001F7C003F7C00001FFC001FFC00001FFC001FFC00000 -FFC001FF800000FF8001FF800000FF8000FF8000007F00007F000031237FA234>I<7F0001FC7F -8003FC7FC007F83FC00FF01FE00FF00FF01FE00FF83FC007F83FC003FC7F8001FEFF0001FFFE00 -00FFFE00007FFC00003FF800003FF800001FF000000FE000001FF000003FF800003FFC00007FFC -0000FFFE0000FEFF0001FC7F8003FC3F8007F83FC007F01FE00FF00FF01FE00FF01FE007F83FC0 -03FC7F8003FE7F8001FEFF0000FFFE00007F20237EA225>I<7E00001F80FF80003FC07F80007F -803FC000FF803FE000FF001FE001FE000FF003FE000FF803FC0007F807F80003FC0FF80001FE0F -F00001FE1FE00000FF1FE000007F3FC000007FBF8000003FFF8000001FFF0000000FFE0000000F -FE00000007FC00000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F8000000 -03F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F80000 -0001F0000022237FA225>I<3FFFFF807FFFFFC07FFFFFC07FFFFFC03FFFFFC000007F8000007F -000000FF000001FE000001FC000003FC000007F8000007F000000FE000001FE000001FC000003F -8000007F8000007F000000FE000001FE000001FC000003F8000007F800000FF000000FE000001F -E000003FC000003F8000007F800000FFFFFF80FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC07FFFFF801A237DA2 -21>I<03FE001FFF803FFFC03FFFE03C0FF03007F02007F00007F00007F000FFF007FFF01FE7F0 -7F07F07F07F0FE07F0FE07F0FE07F0FE0FF0FF1FF07FF7F07FF7F03FC7F00F03E014177E961A> -97 D<7C0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000 -FE1F80FE7FE0FFFFF0FFFFF0FF07F8FE03F8FE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FC -FE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01F8FE03F8FF07F8FFFFF0FFFFE0FEFFC07C3F0016237DA21C>I<01FE -0007FFC01FFFE03FFFE03F81E07F00C07E0040FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00 -00FE0000FE00007F00207F00603F83E03FFFE01FFFE007FFC001FE0013177E9618>I<0000F800 -01FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC03F1FC0FFDFC1F -FFFC3FFFFC7F83FC7F01FC7E01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE -01FC7E01FC7F01FC7F87FC3FFFFC1FFDFC0FF9FC03E0F816237EA21C>I<01FC0007FF000FFF80 -1FFFC03F87E07F07E07E03F0FE03F0FE03F0FE03F0FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFE0FE0000FE0000FE0000 -7E00107F00703F81F01FFFF00FFFF007FFC001FF0014177E9619>I<00FF8003FF8007FF800FFF -800FE1801FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0007FF800FFFC00FFFC007FF8001FC0 -001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0 -001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0000F800011237FA211>I<03FE0E0FFFBF1FFFFF3FFFE33F8FE07F -07F07F07F07F07F07F07F07F07F07F07F03F8FE03FFFE01FFFC01FFF801BFE003800003C00003F -FFC03FFFF81FFFFC1FFFFE3FFFFE7FFFFFFC007FF8001FF8001FF8001FFC003F7F00FE7FFFFE3F -FFFC0FFFF003FFC018227F961B>I<7C0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000 -FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE1FC0FE3FE0FE7FF0FEFFF8FF87F8FF03F8FF03F8FE03F8FE03F8 -FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8 -7C01F015237DA21C>I<7CFEFEFEFEFEFC0000000000007CFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFE -FEFEFEFEFEFE7C07247EA30C>I<780000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC -0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC07C0FC0FC0FC1F80FC3F00FC7E00FCFC00FDF800FFF000FFE000FF -E000FFF000FFF000FFF800FFFC00FDFC00FCFE00FC7F00FC7F00FC3F80FC3F80FC1FC0FC0FC078 -0FC012237CA21A>107 D<7CFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFE -FEFEFEFEFEFE7C07237EA20C>I<7C0FC01F80FE3FF07FE0FE7FF8FFF0FEFFFDFFF8FFC3FF87F8 -FF01FE03F8FF01FE03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03 -F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC -03F8FE01FC03F87C00F801F025177D962C>I<7C1FC0FE3FE0FE7FF0FEFFF8FF87F8FF03F8FF03 -F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03 -F8FE03F8FE03F87C01F015177D961C>I<01FE0007FF801FFFE03FFFF03F87F07F03F87E01F8FE -01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FC7E01F87F03F87F87F83FFFF01F -FFE00FFFC001FE0016177E961B>I<7C1F80FE7FE0FFFFF0FFFFF0FF07F8FE03F8FE03FCFE01FC -FE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE03F8FE03F8FF0FF8FFFFF0FFFFE0 -FEFFC0FE3F00FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00007C000016217D -961C>I<7C1CFE3CFE7CFEFCFFFCFFE0FF80FF00FF00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE -00FE00FE00FE00FE007C000E177D9613>114 D<0FF0001FFE007FFF007FFF00F81F00F80600F8 -0200FC0000FFC0007FF8007FFC003FFE001FFF0007FF80007F80400F80600F80700F80FC1F80FF -FF00FFFE003FFC000FF00011177E9615>I<0F80001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0007FFE00 -FFFF00FFFF007FFE001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC000 -1FC0001FC0001FC0001FC1001FE3000FFF800FFF8007FE0003F000111D7F9C14>I<7C01F0FE03 -F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03 -F8FE03F8FE03F8FE07F8FE07F8FE0FF87FFBF83FF3F80FC1F015177D961C>I<780078FC00FC7E -01F87E01F87E01F87F01F83F03F03F03F03F03F01F87E01F87E01F87E00FCFC00FCFC00FCFC00F -EFC007FF8007FF8007FF8003FF0003FF0003FF0001FE0016177F9619>I<7803E00780FC07F00F -C0FC07F80FC07E07F81F807E07F81F807E0FF81F807E0FFC1F803F0F7C3F003F0F7C3F003F1E7C -3F003F1E7E3F001F9E7E7E001F9E3E7E001F9E3E7E001FBC3F7E000FBC3FFC000FFC3FFC000FFC -1FFC000FF81FFC0007F81FF80007F81FF80007F80FF80003F007F00022177F9625>I<7C01F87E -03F87F03F03F87E01F8FE00FDFC007FF8007FF0003FF0001FE0000FC0000FC0001FE0003FE0003 -FF0007DF800FCFC01F87E03F87E03F03F07E01F8FE01FC7C00F816177F9619>II<7FFFE0FFFFF0FFFFF07FFFF0000FE0001F -C0003F80003F80007F0000FE0001FC0003FC0003F80007F0000FE0001FC0001FC0003F80007F00 -00FFFFE0FFFFF0FFFFF07FFFE014177E9618>I<7FFFFF80FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC07FFFFF801A0480 -8F1B>I E /Fj 10 88 df<003000300030007000600060006000E000C000C000C001C001800180 -01800380030003000300070006000600060006000E000C000C000C001C00180018001800380030 -00300030007000600060006000E000C000C000C0000C2C81AA0A>3 D<00C000C000C001C00180 -018001800180038003000300030003000300070006000600060006000E000C000C000C000C001C -00180018001800180038003000300030003000300070006000600060006000E000C000C000C000 -0A2C81AA08>I<0040004000C001C001C003C003C007C00FE01FE01FE03FE07FE0FFE00FF000F0 -0C1080A80A>23 D<000200001E00007E0001FE000FFE00FFFE00FFFE000FFE0001FE00007E0000 -1E00000200110C7E852A>27 D<8000F000FC00FF00FFE0FFFEFFFEFFE0FF00FC00F00080000F0C -67852A>45 D<06000600060006000F000F000F001F801F803FC03FC07FE07FE07FE0FFF00C0F86 -A72A>54 D63 D67 DI< -00F00FF0FFE07FE03FE01FE01FE00FE007C003C003C001C001C000C0004000400C1080900A>87 -D E /Fk 4 89 df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l 76 124 df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m 10 58 df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n 59 124 df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o 23 89 df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p 1 64 df<008000008000008000008000008000008000F08780 -1FFC0007F00001C0000360000220000630000C18000808001004001110818E11>63 -D E /Fq 9 117 df<0003FF8000001FFFF000007FFFFE0000FE03FF0003F001FFC007E000FFE0 -07C0007FF00FF0007FF00FFC007FF81FFC007FF81FFE007FF81FFE007FF81FFE007FF81FFE007F -F81FFE007FF80FFC007FF80FFC007FF003F000FFF0000000FFE0000000FFE0000001FFC0000001 -FF80000003FF00000007FC0000001FF800000FFFC000000FFF8000000FFFF800000003FE000000 -01FF80000000FFE00000007FF00000003FF80000003FFC0000003FFE0000001FFE0000001FFE02 -00001FFF1FC0001FFF3FE0001FFF7FF0001FFFFFF8001FFFFFF8001FFFFFF8001FFFFFF8001FFF -FFF8001FFEFFF8003FFEFFF0003FFC7FE0003FFC7FC0007FF83F80007FF01FE000FFE00FFC03FF -C003FFFFFF8001FFFFFE00003FFFF0000007FF800028397CB731>51 D<00000007C0000000000F -C0000000000FC0000000001FC0000000003FC0000000007FC000000000FFC000000000FFC00000 -0001FFC000000003FFC000000007FFC00000000FFFC00000000FFFC00000001EFFC00000003CFF -C00000007CFFC0000000F8FFC0000000F0FFC0000001E0FFC0000003C0FFC0000007C0FFC00000 -0F80FFC000000F00FFC000001E00FFC000003C00FFC000007C00FFC00000F800FFC00000F000FF -C00001E000FFC00003C000FFC00007C000FFC0000F8000FFC0000F0000FFC0001E0000FFC0003C -0000FFC0007C0000FFC000F80000FFC000FFFFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFF -FFC0000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC00000 -0001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC0000007FFFFFFC00007FFFFFFC00007FFFF -FFC00007FFFFFFC02A377DB631>I<0000001FFF000070000001FFFFE000F000000FFFFFFC01F0 -00007FFFFFFF03F00001FFFE007F87F00007FFE0000FEFF0000FFF000003FFF0003FFE000001FF -F0007FF8000000FFF000FFF00000007FF001FFE00000003FF003FFC00000001FF003FF80000000 -1FF007FF800000000FF00FFF0000000007F00FFF0000000007F01FFE0000000007F01FFE000000 -0003F03FFC0000000003F03FFC0000000003F07FFC0000000001F07FFC0000000001F07FFC0000 -000001F07FF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF800 -0000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8 -000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF80000000000007F -F80000000000007FFC0000000000007FFC0000000000F07FFC0000000000F03FFC0000000000F0 -3FFC0000000000F01FFE0000000000F01FFE0000000001F00FFF0000000001E00FFF0000000003 -E007FF8000000003E003FF8000000007C003FFC000000007C001FFE00000000F8000FFF0000000 -1F00007FF80000003E00003FFE0000007C00000FFF000001F8000007FFE00007F0000001FFFE00 -3FC00000007FFFFFFF800000000FFFFFFC0000000001FFFFF000000000001FFF0000003C3D7BBB -47>67 D<001FFF00000001FFFFF0000007FFFFFC00000FF807FF00001FF801FF80001FFC00FFC0 -001FFC007FE0001FFC007FE0001FFC007FF0001FFC003FF0000FF8003FF00007F0003FF00001C0 -003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000FFFFF000000FFFFFF000007FF83FF0 -0003FF803FF00007FE003FF0001FFC003FF0003FF8003FF0007FF0003FF0007FE0003FF000FFE0 -003FF000FFC0003FF000FFC0003FF000FFC0003FF000FFC0007FF000FFC0007FF000FFE000FFF0 -007FF001DFF0003FF803DFF8001FFC0F8FFFF00FFFFE0FFFF001FFFC07FFF0003FE000FFF02C26 -7DA530>97 D<0001FFC000000FFFF800003FFFFE0000FF80FF0001FE003F8007FC001FC00FF800 -0FE00FF8000FF01FF00007F03FF00007F83FF00007F87FE00007F87FE00003FC7FE00003FC7FE0 -0003FCFFE00003FCFFFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFFFCFFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FF -E00000007FE00000007FE00000007FE00000003FE00000003FF000003C1FF000003C1FF000003C -0FF800007807FC0000F803FE0001F001FF0007E000FFC03FC0003FFFFF000007FFFC000000FFE0 -0026267DA52D>101 D<00FF00000000FFFF00000000FFFF00000000FFFF00000000FFFF000000 -0007FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF -0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF000000 -0003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF007FC00003FF01FFF80003FF -07FFFE0003FF1F03FF0003FF3C01FF0003FF7801FF8003FF7000FF8003FFE000FFC003FFC000FF -C003FFC000FFC003FF8000FFC003FF8000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF -0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FF -C003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF -0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC0FFFFFC3FFF -FFFFFFFC3FFFFFFFFFFC3FFFFFFFFFFC3FFFFF303C7CBB37>104 D<00FF01FF8000FFFF0FFFF0 -00FFFF3FFFFC00FFFFFE03FF00FFFFF001FFC003FFE0007FE003FF80007FF003FF80003FF803FF -00001FF803FF00001FFC03FF00000FFC03FF00000FFE03FF00000FFE03FF00000FFE03FF000007 -FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF -000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF00000FFE03FF00000FFE03FF00000FFE03FF00001F -FC03FF00001FFC03FF00001FF803FF80003FF003FFC0007FF003FFE000FFE003FFF001FF8003FF -FC07FF0003FF3FFFFC0003FF0FFFF00003FF01FF000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF000000 -0003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF -0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF00000000FFFFFC000000FFFFFC000000FFFFFC0000 -00FFFFFC00000030377DA537>112 D<00FE03F000FFFE0FFE00FFFE3FFF80FFFE3C7FC0FFFE70 -7FC007FEF0FFE003FEE0FFE003FEC0FFE003FFC0FFE003FF80FFE003FF807FC003FF803F8003FF -800E0003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003 -FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF000000 -03FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF000000FFFFFE0000FFFFFE00 -00FFFFFE0000FFFFFE000023267DA529>114 D<00078000000780000007800000078000000780 -00000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000001F8000001F8000003F8000003F8000007F800000FF -800001FF800007FF80001FFFFFF0FFFFFFF0FFFFFFF0FFFFFFF001FF800001FF800001FF800001 -FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF8000 -01FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF803C01FF803C01FF803C01FF80 -3C01FF803C01FF803C01FF803C01FF803C00FF807800FFC078007FC0F8007FE1F0001FFFE00007 -FFC00001FF001E377EB626>116 D E /Fr 35 124 df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s 21 119 df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t 54 124 df45 D<1C007F00FF80FF80FF80FF80FF807F001C0009097B8813>I<003F800001FFF0 -0007E0FC000FC07E001F803F001F803F003F001F803F001F807F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F00 -1FC0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF -001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC0 -3F001F803F001F801F803F001F803F000FC07E0007E0FC0001FFF000003F80001B277DA622>48 -D<000E00001E00007E0007FE00FFFE00FFFE00F8FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE -0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE -0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE007FFFFE7FFFFE7FFF -FE17277BA622>I<00FF800003FFF0000FFFFC003F03FF007C00FF807C007FC0FE007FC0FF003F -E0FF003FE0FF003FE0FF001FE07E001FE03C003FE000003FE000003FC000003FC000007F800000 -7F800000FF000001FE000001FC000003F0000007E000000FC000001F0000003E0000007C00E000 -7800E000F000E001E001C0038001C0070001C00FFFFFC01FFFFFC03FFFFFC07FFFFFC0FFFFFF80 -FFFFFF80FFFFFF801B277DA622>I<007F800003FFF00007FFFC001F81FE001F00FF003F80FF00 -3F807F803FC07F803F807F803F807F801F007F800000FF800000FF000000FF000001FE000003F8 -000007F00000FFC00000FFF0000001FC000000FF0000007F8000007FC000003FC000003FE00000 -3FE000003FE03C003FE07E003FE0FF003FE0FF003FE0FF003FC0FF007FC0FE007F807C00FF803F -01FF001FFFFC0007FFF00000FF80001B277DA622>I<00000E0000001E0000003E0000007E0000 -00FE000000FE000001FE000003FE0000077E00000E7E00000E7E00001C7E0000387E0000707E00 -00E07E0000E07E0001C07E0003807E0007007E000E007E000E007E001C007E0038007E0070007E -00E0007E00FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF80000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000 -FE000000FE000000FE00007FFFF8007FFFF8007FFFF81D277EA622>I<0C0003000F803F000FFF -FE000FFFFE000FFFFC000FFFF8000FFFE0000FFFC0000FFE00000E0000000E0000000E0000000E -0000000E0000000E0000000E7FC0000FFFF8000F80FE000E007F000C003F8000003F8000001FC0 -00001FC000001FE000001FE018001FE07E001FE0FE001FE0FE001FE0FE001FE0FE001FE0FE001F -C078003FC078003F803C007F001F01FE000FFFFC0003FFF00000FF80001B277DA622>I<0007F0 -00003FFC0000FFFF0001FC0F0007F01F800FE03F800FC03F801FC03F803F803F803F801F007F80 -00007F0000007F0000007F000000FF000000FF0FC000FF3FF800FF70FE00FFE03F00FFC03F80FF -801FC0FF801FC0FF801FC0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE07F001FE07F001FE07F001FE0 -7F001FE03F801FC03F801FC01F803F800FC03F8007E0FF0003FFFC0000FFF000003FC0001B277D -A622>I<380000003E0000003FFFFFF03FFFFFF03FFFFFF07FFFFFE07FFFFFC07FFFFFC07FFFFF -8070000F0070001E0070003C00E0003800E0007800E000F0000001E0000003C0000003C0000007 -800000078000000F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000003F0000003F0000003E0000007E000000 -7E0000007E0000007E000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE0000 -00FE000000FE0000003800001C297CA822>I<003FC00001FFF00003FFFC000FC07E000F003F00 -1F001F001E001F803E000F803E000F803F000F803F800F803FC01F803FF01F003FFC3F001FFE7E -001FFFF8000FFFE00007FFF80001FFFC0001FFFF0007FFFF801F8FFF803F03FFC07E01FFC07C00 -7FE0FC001FE0F8000FE0F80007E0F80003E0F80003E0F80003E0FC0003C07C0007C07E0007803F -000F801FC03F000FFFFC0003FFF800007FC0001B277DA622>I<007F800001FFF00007FFF8000F -E0FE001FC07E003F803F007F003F807F003F80FF001FC0FF001FC0FF001FC0FF001FC0FF001FE0 -FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE07F003FE07F003FE07F003FE03F807FE01F80FFE00FE1DFE003FF9F -E0007E1FE000001FE000001FC000001FC000001FC000003FC01F003F803F803F803F807F003F80 -7F003F80FE003F01FC001E03F8000FFFE00007FF800001FE00001B277DA622>I<000003800000 -000007C00000000007C0000000000FE0000000000FE0000000000FE0000000001FF0000000001F -F0000000003FF8000000003FF8000000003FF80000000073FC0000000073FC00000000F3FE0000 -0000E1FE00000000E1FE00000001C0FF00000001C0FF00000003C0FF80000003807F8000000780 -7FC0000007003FC0000007003FC000000E003FE000000E001FE000001E001FF000001C000FF000 -001FFFFFF000003FFFFFF800003FFFFFF80000780007FC0000700003FC0000700003FC0000E000 -01FE0000E00001FE0001E00001FF0001C00000FF0001C00000FF00FFFE001FFFFEFFFE001FFFFE -FFFE001FFFFE2F297EA834>65 DI<00003FF00180 -0003FFFE0780000FFFFF8F80003FF007FF8000FF8001FF8001FE00007F8007FC00003F8007F800 -001F800FF000000F801FE000000F803FE0000007803FC0000007807FC0000003807FC000000380 -7FC000000380FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000 -000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF80000000007FC000000000 -7FC0000003807FC0000003803FC0000003803FE0000003801FE0000007800FF00000070007F800 -000F0007FC00001E0001FE00003C0000FF8000F800003FF007F000000FFFFFC0000003FFFF0000 -00003FF8000029297CA832>II<00007FE0030000 -03FFFC0F00001FFFFF1F00007FF00FFF0000FF8001FF0003FE0000FF0007FC00007F000FF80000 -3F000FF000001F001FE000001F003FE000000F003FC000000F007FC0000007007FC0000007007F -C000000700FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF800000 -0000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8001FFFFF8FF8001FFFFF87FC001FFFFF87F -C00000FF007FC00000FF003FC00000FF003FE00000FF001FE00000FF000FF00000FF000FF80000 -FF0007FC0000FF0003FE0001FF0000FF8001FF00007FF007FF00001FFFFFBF000003FFFE0F0000 -007FF003002D297CA836>71 DII75 DIII<0000FFE000000007FFFC0000003FC07F8000007F001FC00001FC0007F00003F8 -0003F80007F00001FC000FF00001FE001FE00000FF001FE00000FF003FC000007F803FC000007F -807FC000007FC07F8000003FC07F8000003FC07F8000003FC0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF80 -00003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003F -E0FF8000003FE07F8000003FC07FC000007FC07FC000007FC03FC000007F803FC000007F801FE0 -0000FF001FE00000FF000FF00001FE0007F00001FC0003F80003F80001FC0007F00000FF001FE0 -00003FC07F8000000FFFFE00000000FFE000002B297CA834>II82 D<007F806003FFF0E00FFFFFE01F807F -E03F001FE07E0007E07E0003E07C0003E0FC0001E0FC0001E0FC0000E0FE0000E0FE0000E0FF00 -0000FFC000007FFE00007FFFE0003FFFFC003FFFFF001FFFFF8007FFFFC003FFFFE000FFFFF000 -07FFF000007FF000000FF8000007F8000003F8E00003F8E00001F8E00001F8E00001F8F00001F8 -F00001F0F80003F0FC0003E0FF0007E0FFE01FC0FFFFFF00E0FFFE00C01FF0001D297CA826>I< -7FFFFFFFFFC07FFFFFFFFFC07FFFFFFFFFC07F803FC03FC07E003FC007C078003FC003C078003F -C003C070003FC001C0F0003FC001E0F0003FC001E0E0003FC000E0E0003FC000E0E0003FC000E0 -E0003FC000E0E0003FC000E000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003F -C0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC00000 -00003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003F -C0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC00000007FFFFFE000007FFFFFE000 -007FFFFFE0002B287EA730>II<7FFFF81FFFF07F -FFF81FFFF07FFFF81FFFF001FF0000780000FF8000F000007FC001E000007FC001C000003FE003 -C000001FF0078000000FF80F0000000FF80E00000007FC1E00000003FE3C00000003FE78000000 -01FF7000000000FFF0000000007FE0000000007FC0000000003FE0000000001FF0000000001FF0 -000000001FF8000000001FFC000000003FFE000000007BFE00000000F1FF00000000E0FF800000 -01E0FFC0000003C07FC0000007803FE0000007001FF000000F001FF000001E000FF800003C0007 -FC0000380003FE0000780003FE0000F00001FF0000E00000FF80FFFF801FFFFEFFFF801FFFFEFF -FF801FFFFE2F297EA834>88 D<01FF800007FFF0000F81FC001FC0FE001FC07F001FC07F001FC0 -3F800F803F8000003F8000003F8000003F80000FFF8000FFFF8007FC3F801FE03F803F803F807F -803F807F003F80FE003F80FE003F80FE003F80FE007F80FF007F807F00FFC03F83DFFC0FFF0FFC -01FC03FC1E1B7E9A21>97 DI<001FF80000 -FFFE0003F01F000FE03F801FC03F803F803F803F803F807F801F007F000000FF000000FF000000 -FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF0000007F0000007F8000003F8001 -C03FC001C01FC003C00FE0078003F01F0000FFFC00001FE0001A1B7E9A1F>I<00003FF8000000 -3FF80000003FF800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F80000 -0003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800001FE3F80000FFFBF800 -03F03FF8000FE00FF8001FC007F8003F8003F8003F8003F8007F8003F8007F0003F800FF0003F8 -00FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003 -F8007F0003F8007F0003F8003F8003F8003F8007F8001FC00FF8000FE01FF80003F03FFF8000FF -F3FF80003FC3FF80212A7EA926>I<003FE00001FFF80003F07E000FE03F001FC01F803F800FC0 -3F800FC07F000FC07F0007E0FF0007E0FF0007E0FF0007E0FFFFFFE0FFFFFFE0FF000000FF0000 -00FF000000FF0000007F0000007F8000003F8000E03F8001E01FC001C00FE003C003F81F8000FF -FE00001FF0001B1B7E9A20>I<0007F0003FFC00FE3E01FC7F03F87F03F87F07F07F07F03E07F0 -0007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F000FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC007F00007F00007F00007F0 -0007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F0 -0007F00007F00007F00007F0007FFF807FFF807FFF80182A7EA915>I<00FF81F003FFE7FC0FC1 -FE7C1F80FC7C3F80FE7C3F007E107F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F003F -007E003F80FE001F80FC000FC1F8001FFFE00018FF8000380000003C0000003C0000003E000000 -3FFFF8003FFFFF001FFFFFC00FFFFFE007FFFFF01FFFFFF07E0007F87C0001F8F80001F8F80000 -F8F80000F8F80000F8FC0001F87E0003F03F0007E00FC01F8003FFFE00007FF0001E287E9A22> -II<07001FC01FE03FE03FE03FE01FE01FC0 -07000000000000000000000000000000FFE0FFE0FFE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00F -E00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE0FFFEFFFEFFFE0F2B7DAA14>I107 DIII<003FE00001FFFC0003F07E000FC01F801F800F -C03F800FE03F0007E07F0007F07F0007F07F0007F0FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF00 -07F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F87F0007F07F0007F03F800FE03F800FE01F800FC00FC01F8007 -F07F0001FFFC00003FE0001D1B7E9A22>II114 -D<03FE300FFFF03E03F07800F07000F0F00070F00070F80070FC0000FFE000FFFE007FFFC03FFF -E01FFFF007FFF800FFFC0003FC0000FCE0007CE0003CF0003CF0003CF80078FC0078FF01F0F7FF -C0C1FF00161B7E9A1B>I<00700000700000700000700000F00000F00000F00001F00003F00003 -F00007F0001FFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007 -F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F03807F03807F03807F03807F03807F03807F03803F87001 -F8F000FFE0001F8015267FA51B>I -III< -FFFE03FF80FFFE03FF80FFFE03FF8007F000700007F000700007F800F00003F800E00003FC01E0 -0001FC01C00001FC01C00000FE03800000FE038000007F070000007F070000007F8F0000003F8E -0000003FDE0000001FDC0000001FDC0000000FF80000000FF80000000FF800000007F000000007 -F000000003E000000003E000000001C000000001C000000003800000000380000038078000007C -07000000FE0F000000FE0E000000FE1E000000FE3C0000007C780000003FE00000000FC0000000 -21277F9A24>121 D<3FFFFF803FFFFF803F00FF803C00FF003801FE007803FC007807FC007007 -F800700FF000701FE000001FE000003FC000007F800000FF800000FF000001FE038003FC038003 -FC038007F803800FF007801FF007801FE007003FC00F007F801F00FF807F00FFFFFF00FFFFFF00 -191B7E9A1F>II E /Fu 74 123 -df<60F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0F0600000000060F0F0600419779816>33 -D<3801807C0380FE0380FE0700EE0700EE0E00EE0E00EE0E00FE1C00FE1C007C38003838000070 -0000700000700000E00000E00001C00001C00001C0000380000383800707C0070FE00E0EE00E0E -E00E0EE01C0EE01C0EE0380FE03807C018038013207F9C16>37 D<00E001E007C007000F001E00 -3C0038007800700070007000F000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000F000700070007000780038 -003C001E000F00070007C001E000E00B217A9C16>40 DI<01C00001C00001C00001C00071C700F9CF807FFF00 -1FFC0007F00007F0001FFC007FFF00F9CF8071C70001C00001C00001C00001C00011127E9516> -I<01C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C000FFFF80FFFF80FFFF8001C00001C0 -0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00011137E9516>I<387C7E7E3E0E1E3C7CF860070B -798416>II<70F8F8F8700505788416>I<00018000038000 -0380000700000700000E00000E00001C00001C0000380000380000700000700000E00000E00001 -C00001C0000380000380000700000700000E00000E00001C00001C000038000038000070000070 -0000E00000E00000C0000011207E9C16>I<03E0000FF8001FFC001E3C00380E00780F00700700 -700700E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380F00780700700700700780F00 -3C1E001E3C001FFC000FF80003E00011197E9816>I<01800380038007800F807F80FF80738003 -8003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003807FF87FFC7FF80E197C9816> -I<07E0001FF8007FFE00783F00F00F00F00780F00380F00380000380000380000780000700000F -00001E00003C0000780000F00003E0000780000F00001E03803C03807FFF80FFFF807FFF801119 -7E9816>I<07E0001FFC007FFE00781F00780F00780700000700000F00000F00003E0007FC0007 -F80007FC00001E00000700000780000380000380F00380F00780F00700F81F007FFE003FFC0007 -E00011197E9816>I<007C0000FC0000DC0001DC00039C00039C00071C000F1C000E1C001E1C00 -3C1C00381C00781C00F01C00FFFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0001FFC0 -01FFC001FFC013197F9816>I<3FFE003FFE003FFE003800003800003800003800003800003800 -003800003BF0003FFC003FFE003C0F00300700000780000380600380F00380F00780F00F00F81F -007FFE001FF80007E00011197E9816>I<00F80003FE000FFF001F0F003E0F003C0F0078060070 -0000F00000F3F800EFFE00FFFE00F80F00F00780F00780E00380F00380F0038070038078078078 -0F003C1F001FFE000FF80003E00011197E9816>II<07F0001FFC003FFE007C1F -00F00780E00380E00380E003807007007C1F001FFC0007F0001FFC003C1E00700700F00780E003 -80E00380E00380F007807007007C1F003FFE001FFC0007F00011197E9816>I<03E0000FF8003F -FC007C1E00780F00F00700E00700E00780E00780E00380F00780F00780780F803FFF803FFB800F -E380000780000700300F00780E00781E00787C007FF8003FE0000F800011197E9816>I<70F8F8 -F870000000000000000070F8F8F8700512789116>I<387C7C7C380000000000000000387C7C7C -3C1C3C38F8F0600618799116>I<000180000780001F80003E0000F80001F00007C0000F80003E -0000FC0000F00000FC00003E00000F800007C00001F00000F800003E00001F8000078000018011 -157E9616>I<7FFF00FFFF80FFFF80000000000000000000000000000000FFFF80FFFF807FFF00 -110B7E9116>II<0F -E03FF87FFCF01EF00EF00E601E007C00F801F003E003C003800380038003800300000000000000 -000003000780078003000F197D9816>I<00E00001F00001F00001B00001B00003B80003B80003 -B800031800071C00071C00071C00071C00071C000E0E000E0E000FFE000FFE001FFF001C07001C -07001C07007F1FC0FF1FE07F1FC013197F9816>65 D<7FF800FFFE007FFF001C0F001C07801C03 -801C03801C03801C07801C07001FFF001FFE001FFE001C1F001C03801C03C01C01C01C01C01C01 -C01C01C01C03C01C07807FFF80FFFF007FFC0012197F9816>I<01F18007FF800FFF801F0F803C -0780780780780380700380F00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000F0000070 -03807803807803803C07801F0F000FFE0007FC0001F00011197E9816>I<7FF800FFFE007FFF00 -1C0F001C07801C03C01C01C01C01C01C01E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E0 -1C00E01C01C01C01C01C03C01C07801C0F807FFF00FFFE007FF8001319809816>I<7FFFC0FFFF -C07FFFC01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C00001C00001C1C001C1C001FFC001FFC001FFC001C1C -001C1C001C00001C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E07FFFE0FFFFE07FFFE013197F9816>II<03E30007FF001FFF003E1F003C0F00780F00780700700700F00000E00000E00000E00000 -E00000E03F80E07FC0E03F80F00700700700780F00780F003C0F003E1F001FFF0007FF0003E700 -12197E9816>I<7F1FC0FFBFE07F1FC01C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001FFF -001FFF001FFF001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07007F1FC0FFBF -E07F1FC013197F9816>II<7F0FE0FF8FF07F0FE01C -07801C0F001C0E001C1C001C3C001C78001CF0001CE0001DF0001FF0001FF8001F38001E1C001C -1C001C0E001C0E001C07001C07001C03807F07E0FF8FF07F07E01419809816>75 -DII<7E1FC0FF3FE07F1FC01D07001D87001D87001D87001DC7001DC7001CC700 -1CC7001CE7001CE7001CE7001C67001C67001C77001C77001C37001C37001C37001C17007F1F00 -FF9F007F0F0013197F9816>I<1FFC003FFE007FFF00780F00F00780E00380E00380E00380E003 -80E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380F00780F00780780F -007FFF003FFE001FFC0011197E9816>I<7FF800FFFE007FFF001C0F801C03801C03C01C01C01C -01C01C01C01C03C01C03801C0F801FFF001FFE001FF8001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C -00001C00007F0000FF80007F000012197F9816>I<1FFC003FFE007FFF00780F00F00780E00380 -E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E0E380 -E1E380F0F780787F007FFF003FFE001FFC00001C00001E00000E00000F00000700000700111F7E -9816>I<7FE000FFF8007FFC001C1E001C0F001C07001C07001C07001C07001C0F001C1E001FFC -001FF8001FFC001C1C001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E201C0E701C0E707F07E0FF87E07F03 -C014197F9816>I<07E3001FFF007FFF00781F00F00F00E00700E00700E00000F000007800007F -80001FF00007FC0000FE00000F00000780000380000380E00380E00380F00780F80F00FFFE00FF -FC00C7F00011197E9816>I<7FFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E000E00000E000 -00E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E000 -07FC000FFE0007FC0013197F9816>I<7F07F0FF8FF87F07F01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01 -C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C00E03800E03 -8007070007FF0003FE0000F8001519809816>III<7F1F807F3F807F1F800E1E -000E1C00073C0007380003B80003F00001F00001E00000E00001E00001F00003F00003B80007B8 -00071C00071C000E0E000E0E001C07007F1FC0FF1FE07F1FC013197F9816>II<7FFF80 -FFFF80FFFF80E00700E00F00E01E00E01C00003C0000780000700000F00001E00001C00003C000 -0780000700000F00001E03801C03803C0380780380700380FFFF80FFFF80FFFF8011197E9816> -I92 D<1FE0007FF8007FFC00783C00 -301E00000E00000E0003FE001FFE007E0E00F00E00E00E00E00E00F01E00F83E007FFFE03FE7E0 -0F83E013127E9116>97 D<7E0000FE00007E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E3E000EFF800F -FFC00F83E00F01E00E00F00E00F00E00700E00700E00700E00700E00F00F00E00F01E00F83C00F -FFC00EFF00063C001419809816>I<03F80FFE1FFE3C1E780C7000F000E000E000E000E000F000 -700778073E0F1FFE0FFC03F010127D9116>I<003F00007F00003F000007000007000007000007 -0003C7000FF7003FFF003C1F00780F00F00700F00700E00700E00700E00700E00700F00700F00F -00781F007C3F003FFFE01FF7F007C7E014197F9816>I<03E00FF81FFC3C1E780E7007E007FFFF -FFFFFFFFE000E000700778073C0F1FFE0FFC03F010127D9116>I<001F00007F8000FF8001E780 -01C30001C00001C0007FFF00FFFF00FFFF0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C000 -01C00001C00001C00001C00001C0003FFE007FFF003FFE0011197F9816>I<03E3C00FFFE01FFF -E01E3CC03C1E00380E00380E00380E003C1E001E3C001FFC001FF8003BE0003800003800001FFC -001FFF003FFFC07803C0F001E0E000E0E000E0E000E0F001E07C07C03FFF800FFE0003F800131C -7F9116>I<7E0000FE00007E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E3C000EFF000FFF800F87800F -03800F03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03807FC7F0FFE7F87F -C7F01519809816>I<018003C003C0018000000000000000007FC07FC07FC001C001C001C001C0 -01C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C07FFFFFFF7FFF101A7D9916>I<7E0000FE00007E00000E -00000E00000E00000E00000E7FE00E7FE00E7FE00E0F000E1E000E3C000E78000EF0000FF0000F -F8000FBC000F1E000E0E000E07000E07807F87F0FFCFF07F87F01419809816>107 -DII<7E3C00FEFF007FFF800F8780 -0F03800F03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03807FC7F0FFE7F8 -7FC7F01512809116>I<03E0000FF8001FFC003C1E00780F00700700E00380E00380E00380E003 -80E00380F00780700700780F003C1E001FFC000FF80003E00011127E9116>I<7E3E00FEFF807F -FFC00F83E00F01E00E00F00E00F00E00700E00700E00700E00700E00F00F00E00F01E00F83C00F -FFC00EFF000E3C000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00007FC000FFE0007FC000141B8091 -16>I114 D<0FEC3FFC7FFCF03CE01CE01C -F0007F801FF007FC003EE00EE00EF00EF81EFFFCFFF8C7E00F127D9116>I<0300000700000700 -000700000700007FFF00FFFF00FFFF000700000700000700000700000700000700000700000701 -0007038007038007078007878003FF0003FE0000F80011177F9616>I<7E1F80FE3F807E1F800E -03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E07800F0F800FFFF007 -FFF803E3F01512809116>I119 -D<7F1FC0FF9FE07F1FC01C07000E07000E0E000E0E00070E00071C00071C00039C00039C000398 -0001B80001B80000F00000F00000F00000E00000E00000E00001C00079C0007BC0007F80003F00 -003C0000131B7F9116>121 D<3FFFC07FFFC07FFFC0700780700F00701E00003C0000780001F0 -0003E0000780000F00001E01C03C01C07801C0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC012127F9116>I -E /Fv 28 94 df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w 6 117 df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x 74 124 df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y 64 124 df<000FF000007FFC0001F80E0003E01F0007C03F000F803F00 -0F803F000F801E000F800C000F8000000F8000000F8000000F800000FFFFFF00FFFFFF000F801F -000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F80 -1F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F007FF0FFE07FF0FFE01B -237FA21F>12 D<387CFEFEFEFEFE7C7C7C7C7C7C7C7C38383838383838380000000000387CFEFE -FE7C3807237BA211>33 D45 D<387CFEFEFE7C3807077C8610 ->I<0000180000380000380000700000700000E00000E00000E00001C00001C000038000038000 -0380000700000700000700000E00000E00001C00001C00001C0000380000380000700000700000 -700000E00000E00001C00001C00001C0000380000380000700000700000700000E00000E00000E -00001C00001C0000380000380000380000700000700000E00000E00000C0000015317DA41C>I< -00FE0007FFC00F83E01F01F03E00F83E00F87C007C7C007C7C007CFC007CFC007EFC007EFC007E -FC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E7C007C7C007C7C007C -3E00F83E00F81F01F00F83E007FFC000FE0017207E9F1C>I<00180000780001F800FFF800FFF8 -0001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F8 -0001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F8007FFF -E07FFFE013207C9F1C>I<03FC000FFF003C1FC07007E07C07F0FE03F0FE03F8FE03F8FE01F87C -01F83803F80003F80003F00003F00007E00007C0000F80001F00003E0000380000700000E01801 -C0180380180700180E00380FFFF01FFFF03FFFF07FFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF015207D9F1C>I<00FE00 -07FFC00F07E01E03F03F03F03F81F83F81F83F81F81F03F81F03F00003F00003E00007C0001F80 -01FE0001FF000007C00001F00001F80000FC0000FC3C00FE7E00FEFF00FEFF00FEFF00FEFF00FC -7E01FC7801F81E07F00FFFC001FE0017207E9F1C>I<0000E00001E00003E00003E00007E0000F -E0001FE0001FE00037E00077E000E7E001C7E00187E00307E00707E00E07E00C07E01807E03807 -E07007E0E007E0FFFFFEFFFFFE0007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E000FFFE00FF -FE17207E9F1C>I<1000201E01E01FFFC01FFF801FFF001FFE001FF8001BC00018000018000018 -000018000019FC001FFF001E0FC01807E01803E00003F00003F00003F80003F83803F87C03F8FE -03F8FE03F8FC03F0FC03F07007E03007C01C1F800FFF0003F80015207D9F1C>I<001F8000FFE0 -03F07007C0F00F01F81F01F83E01F83E01F87E00F07C00007C0000FC0800FC7FC0FCFFE0FD80F0 -FF00F8FE007CFE007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E7C007E7C007E7C007E3C007C3E007C1E00F8 -0F00F00783E003FFC000FF0017207E9F1C>I<6000007800007FFFFE7FFFFE7FFFFC7FFFF87FFF -F87FFFF0E00060E000C0C00180C00300C00300000600000C00001C000018000038000078000078 -0000F00000F00000F00001F00001F00001F00003F00003F00003F00003F00003F00003F00003F0 -0001E00017227DA11C>I<00FE0003FFC00601E00C00701800701800383800383C00383F00383F -80783FE0701FF8E01FFFC00FFF8007FFC003FFE007FFF01E7FF83C1FFC7807FC7801FEF000FEF0 -003EF0001EF0001EF0001CF8001C7800383C00381F01F00FFFC001FF0017207E9F1C>I<01FE00 -07FF800F83E01E01F03E00F07C00F87C0078FC007CFC007CFC007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E -7C00FE7C00FE3E01FE1E037E0FFE7E07FC7E00207E00007C00007C1E007C3F00F83F00F83F00F0 -3F01E01E03C01C0F800FFE0003F80017207E9F1C>I<387CFEFEFE7C380000000000000000387C -FEFEFE7C3807167C9510>I<000070000000007000000000F800000000F800000000F800000001 -FC00000001FC00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000006FF000000067F0000000E7F800000 -0C3F8000000C3F800000183FC00000181FC00000381FE00000300FE00000300FE00000600FF000 -006007F00000E007F80000FFFFF80000FFFFF800018001FC00018001FC00038001FE00030000FE -00030000FE000600007F000600007F00FFE00FFFF8FFE00FFFF825227EA12A>65 -DI<0003FE0080001FFF818000FF01E38001F8 -003F8003E0001F8007C0000F800F800007801F800007803F000003803F000003807F000001807E -000001807E00000180FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000 -FE00000000FE000000007E000000007E000001807F000001803F000001803F000003801F800003 -000F8000030007C000060003F0000C0001F800380000FF00F000001FFFC0000003FE000021227D -A128>IIII<00 -03FE0040001FFFC0C0007F00F1C001F8003FC003F0000FC007C00007C00FC00003C01F800003C0 -3F000001C03F000001C07F000000C07E000000C07E000000C0FE00000000FE00000000FE000000 -00FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE000FFFFC7E000FFFFC7F00001FC07F0000 -1FC03F00001FC03F00001FC01F80001FC00FC0001FC007E0001FC003F0001FC001FC003FC0007F -80E7C0001FFFC3C00003FF00C026227DA12C>III75 DII -I<0007FC0000003FFF800000FC07E00003F001F80007E000FC000FC0007E001F80003F001F8000 -3F003F00001F803F00001F807F00001FC07E00000FC07E00000FC0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00 -000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE07E00000FC07F -00001FC07F00001FC03F00001F803F80003F801F80003F000FC0007E0007E000FC0003F001F800 -00FC07E000003FFF80000007FC000023227DA12A>II82 -D<01FC0407FF8C1F03FC3C007C7C003C78001C78001CF8000CF8000CFC000CFC0000FF0000FFE0 -007FFF007FFFC03FFFF01FFFF80FFFFC03FFFE003FFE0003FF00007F00003F00003FC0001FC000 -1FC0001FE0001EE0001EF0003CFC003CFF00F8C7FFE080FF8018227DA11F>I<7FFFFFFF807FFF -FFFF807E03F80F807803F807807003F803806003F80180E003F801C0E003F801C0C003F800C0C0 -03F800C0C003F800C0C003F800C00003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F80000 -0003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800 -000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F8000003FFFF -F80003FFFFF80022227EA127>IIII<7FFFC1FFF07FFFC1FFF003 -FC000C0001FE00180000FE00380000FF007000007F806000003F80C000003FC1C000001FE38000 -000FE30000000FF700000007FE00000003FC00000003FC00000001FE00000000FE00000000FF00 -000000FF80000001FFC0000001BFC00000031FE00000070FF000000E0FF000000C07F800001803 -FC00003803FC00003001FE00006000FF0000E000FF0001C0007F800180003FC0FFFC03FFFEFFFC -03FFFE27227FA12A>I<07FC001FFF803F07C03F03E03F01E03F01F01E01F00001F00001F0003F -F003FDF01FC1F03F01F07E01F0FC01F0FC01F0FC01F0FC01F07E02F07E0CF81FF87F07E03F1816 -7E951B>97 DI<00FF80 -07FFE00F83F01F03F03E03F07E03F07C01E07C0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000 -7C00007E00007E00003E00301F00600FC0E007FF8000FE0014167E9519>I<0001FE000001FE00 -00003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E -0000003E0001FC3E0007FFBE000F81FE001F007E003E003E007E003E007C003E00FC003E00FC00 -3E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E007C003E007C003E003E007E001E -00FE000F83BE0007FF3FC001FC3FC01A237EA21F>I<00FE0007FF800F87C01E01E03E01F07C00 -F07C00F8FC00F8FC00F8FFFFF8FFFFF8FC0000FC0000FC00007C00007C00007E00003E00181F00 -300FC07003FFC000FF0015167E951A>I<003F8000FFC001E3E003C7E007C7E00F87E00F83C00F -80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F8000FFFC00FFFC000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F -80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80007F -F8007FF80013237FA211>I<03FC1E0FFF7F1F0F8F3E07CF3C03C07C03E07C03E07C03E07C03E0 -7C03E03C03C03E07C01F0F801FFF0013FC003000003000003800003FFF801FFFF00FFFF81FFFFC -3800FC70003EF0001EF0001EF0001EF0001E78003C7C007C3F01F80FFFE001FF0018217E951C> -II<1C003F007F007F00 -7F003F001C000000000000000000000000000000FF00FF001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F -001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F00FFE0FFE00B247EA310>I<0038007C00FE00 -FE00FE007C0038000000000000000000000000000003FE03FE003E003E003E003E003E003E003E -003E003E003E003E003E003E003E003E003E003E003E003E003E003E003E003E783EFC3EFC3CFC -7C78F87FE01F800F2E83A311>IIIII<00FE0007FFC00F83E01E00F03E00F87C007C7C007C7C007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC00 -7EFC007EFC007EFC007E7C007C7C007C3E00F81F01F00F83E007FFC000FE0017167E951C>II<00FE030007FF87000FC1C7001F006F003F003F007E00 -3F007E001F007C001F00FC001F00FC001F00FC001F00FC001F00FC001F00FC001F00FC001F007E -001F007E001F003E003F001F007F000FC1DF0007FF9F0001FC1F0000001F0000001F0000001F00 -00001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F000000FFE00000FFE01B207E951E>II<0FF3003FFF00781F00 -600700E00300E00300F00300FC00007FE0007FF8003FFE000FFF0001FF00000F80C00780C00380 -E00380E00380F00700FC0E00EFFC00C7F00011167E9516>I<0180000180000180000180000380 -000380000780000780000F80003F8000FFFF00FFFF000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80 -000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F81800F81800F81800F81800F81800F830007C30003FE -0000F80011207F9F16>IIIIII123 D E /Fz 58 124 df<003FE3F801F03F1C03C03E3E07 -C07C3E0F807C3E0F807C1C0F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C00FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC0 -0F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C -000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C007FE1FFC07FE1FFC01F1D809C1C>11 -D<003FC00001F0300003C0380007C07C000F807C000F807C000F8038000F8000000F8000000F80 -00000F800000FFFFFC00FFFFFC000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F -807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C007FE1FF807FE1FF80 -191D809C1B>I45 D<78FCFCFCFC7806067D850D>I<03F8000F -1E001C07003C07803803807803C07803C07803C0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F8 -03E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E07803C07803C03803803C07801C07000F1E0003F80013 -1B7E9A18>48 D<00600001E0000FE000FFE000F3E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E0 -0003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E0 -0003E0007FFF807FFF80111B7D9A18>I<07F8001FFE00383F80780FC0FC07C0FC07E0FC03E0FC -03E07803E00007E00007C00007C0000F80001F00001E0000380000700000E00001806003006006 -00600800E01FFFC03FFFC07FFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0131B7E9A18>I<03F8001FFE003C1F003C0F80 -7C07C07E07C07C07C03807C0000F80000F80001E00003C0003F800001E00000F800007C00007C0 -0007E03007E07807E0FC07E0FC07E0FC07C0780F80781F001FFE0007F800131B7E9A18>I<0001 -80000380000780000F80001F80003F80006F8000CF80008F80018F80030F80060F800C0F80180F -80300F80600F80C00F80FFFFF8FFFFF8000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F8001FFF801FF -F8151B7F9A18>I<1801801FFF001FFE001FFC001FF8001FC00018000018000018000018000019 -F8001E0E00180F801007800007C00007E00007E00007E07807E0F807E0F807E0F807C0F007C060 -0F80381F001FFE0007F000131B7E9A18>I<007E0003FF000781800F03C01E07C03C07C03C0380 -780000780000F80000F8F800FB0E00FA0780FC0380FC03C0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E07803E0 -7803E07803C03C03C03C07801E0F0007FE0003F800131B7E9A18>I<6000007FFFE07FFFE07FFF -C07FFF807FFF80E00300C00600C00C00C0180000300000300000600000E00000E00001E00001C0 -0003C00003C00003C00003C00007C00007C00007C00007C00007C00007C000038000131C7D9B18 ->I<03F8000FFF001C07803003803001C07001C07801C07E01C07F83807FC3003FF6001FFC000F -FE0007FF801DFF80387FC0781FE0F007E0F003E0F001E0F001E0F001E07801C07803803E07801F -FE0003F800131B7E9A18>I<00038000000380000007C0000007C0000007C000000FE000000FE0 -00001FF000001BF000001BF0000031F8000031F8000061FC000060FC0000E0FE0000C07E0000C0 -7E0001803F0001FFFF0003FFFF8003001F8003001F8006000FC006000FC00E000FE00C0007E0FF -C07FFEFFC07FFE1F1C7E9B24>65 DI<001FE02000FFF8E003F80FE007C003E00F8001E01F00 -00E03E0000E03E0000607E0000607C000060FC000000FC000000FC000000FC000000FC000000FC -000000FC000000FC0000007C0000607E0000603E0000603E0000C01F0000C00F80018007C00300 -03F80E0000FFFC00001FE0001B1C7D9B22>IIII<000FF008007FFE3801FC07F807E0 -01F80F8000781F0000783F0000383E0000387E0000187C000018FC000000FC000000FC000000FC -000000FC000000FC000000FC007FFFFC007FFF7C0001F87E0001F83E0001F83F0001F81F0001F8 -0F8001F807E001F801FC07F8007FFE78000FF818201C7D9B26>III76 DII<003FE00001F07C0003C01E000F800F801F00 -07C01E0003C03E0003E07E0003F07C0001F07C0001F0FC0001F8FC0001F8FC0001F8FC0001F8FC -0001F8FC0001F8FC0001F8FC0001F87C0001F07E0003F07E0003F03E0003E03F0007E01F0007C0 -0F800F8003C01E0001F07C00003FE0001D1C7D9B24>II82 D<07F8201FFEE03C07E07801E07000E0F000E0F00060F0 -0060F80000FE0000FFE0007FFE003FFF003FFF800FFFC007FFE0007FE00003F00001F00000F0C0 -00F0C000F0C000E0E000E0F001C0FC03C0EFFF0083FC00141C7D9B1B>I<7FFFFFE07FFFFFE078 -1F81E0701F80E0601F8060E01F8070C01F8030C01F8030C01F8030C01F8030001F8000001F8000 -001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F80 -00001F8000001F8000001F8000001F800007FFFE0007FFFE001C1C7E9B21>III<7FFE1FFE007FFE1FFE0007F00180 -0003F803800001FC07000000FC06000000FE0C0000007F1C0000003F380000003FB00000001FE0 -0000000FE00000000FE000000007F000000003F800000007F80000000FFC0000000CFE00000018 -7E000000387F000000703F800000601F800000C01FC00001C00FE000018007F000030007F000FF -F03FFF80FFF03FFF80211C7F9B24>88 D<0FF8001C1E003E0F803E07803E07C01C07C00007C000 -7FC007E7C01F07C03C07C07C07C0F807C0F807C0F807C0780BC03E13F80FE1F815127F9117>97 -DI<03FC000E0E001C1F003C1F00781F00780E00F80000F8 -0000F80000F80000F80000F800007800007801803C01801C03000E0E0003F80011127E9115>I< -000FF0000FF00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F001F9F00F07F0 -1C03F03C01F07801F07801F0F801F0F801F0F801F0F801F0F801F0F801F07801F07801F03C01F0 -1C03F00F0FFE03F9FE171D7E9C1B>I<01FC000F07001C03803C01C07801C07801E0F801E0F801 -E0FFFFE0F80000F80000F800007800007C00603C00601E00C00F038001FC0013127F9116>I<00 -7F0001E38003C7C00787C00F87C00F83800F80000F80000F80000F80000F8000FFF800FFF8000F -80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F -80007FF8007FF800121D809C0F>I<03F8F00E0F381E0F381C07303C07803C07803C07803C0780 -1C07001E0F000E0E001BF8001000001800001800001FFF001FFFC00FFFE01FFFF07801F8F00078 -F00078F000787000707800F01E03C007FF00151B7F9118>II<1E003F003F003F003F001E00000000000000000000000000FF00FF001F001F001F001F001F -001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F00FFE0FFE00B1E7F9D0E>I107 DIII<01FC -000F07801C01C03C01E07800F07800F0F800F8F800F8F800F8F800F8F800F8F800F87800F07800 -F03C01E01E03C00F078001FC0015127F9118>II<03F0600F0CE01E07E03C03E0 -7C03E07803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E07803E07C03E03C03E01C07E00E0FE0 -03F3E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E0001FFC001FFC161A7E9119>II<1FD830786018E018E018F000FF807FE07FF01FF807FC -007CC01CC01CE01CE018F830CFC00E127E9113>I<0300030003000300070007000F000F003FFC -FFFC1F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F0C1F0C1F0C1F0C0F08079803F00E1A7F9913 ->III120 -DI<3FFF803C1F00303F00303E00607C0060FC0060F80001F00003F00007E00007 -C1800F81801F81801F03803E03007E07007C0F00FFFF0011127F9115>II -E /FA 7 122 df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df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df<007E1F0001C1B1800303E3C00703C3C00E03C1800E01C0000E01C0000E01 -C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C000FFFFFC000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E -01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C000 -0E01C0007F87FC001A1D809C18>11 D<007E0001C1800301800703C00E03C00E01800E00000E00 -000E00000E00000E0000FFFFC00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01 -C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C07F87F8151D809C17>I<007FC001C1C003 -03C00703C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0FFFFC00E01C00E01C00E01C00E -01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C07F -CFF8151D809C17>I<003F07E00001C09C18000380F018000701F03C000E01E03C000E00E01800 -0E00E000000E00E000000E00E000000E00E000000E00E00000FFFFFFFC000E00E01C000E00E01C -000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E0 -1C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C007FC7FCFF80211D -809C23>I<003F07FC0001C0DC1C000381F03C000701F03C000E01E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C -000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C00FFFFFFFC000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E0 -1C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00 -E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C007FC7FCFF80211D809C23> -I<6060F0F0F8F86868080808080808101010102020404080800D0C7F9C15>34 -D<60F0F8680808081010204080050C7C9C0C>39 D<004000800100020006000C000C0018001800 -300030007000600060006000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000600060 -006000700030003000180018000C000C00060002000100008000400A2A7D9E10>I<8000400020 -00100018000C000C000600060003000300038001800180018001C001C001C001C001C001C001C0 -01C001C001C001C001C0018001800180038003000300060006000C000C00180010002000400080 -000A2A7E9E10>I<01800180018001804182F18F399C0FF003C003C00FF0399CF18F4182018001 -800180018010127E9E15>I<000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000000600 -00000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000FFFFFFE0FFFFFFE0000600000006 -000000060000000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000000600000006000000 -060000000600001B1C7E9720>I<60F0F0701010101020204080040C7C830C>II<60F0F06004047C830C>I<00030003000700060006000E000C001C001800180038003000 -3000700060006000E000C000C001C001800380030003000700060006000E000C000C001C001800 -180038003000700060006000E000C000C00010297E9E15>I<03C00C301818300C300C700E6006 -6006E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E00760066006700E300C300C18 -180C3007E0101D7E9B15>I<030007003F00C70007000700070007000700070007000700070007 -000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000F80FFF80D1C7C9B15>I<07C018 -30201C400C400EF00FF80FF807F8077007000F000E000E001C001C00380070006000C001800300 -06010C01180110023FFE7FFEFFFE101C7E9B15>I<07E01830201C201C781E780E781E381E001C -001C00180030006007E00030001C001C000E000F000F700FF80FF80FF80FF00E401C201C183007 -E0101D7E9B15>I<000C00000C00001C00003C00003C00005C0000DC00009C00011C00031C0002 -1C00041C000C1C00081C00101C00301C00201C00401C00C01C00FFFFC0001C00001C00001C0000 -1C00001C00001C00001C0001FFC0121C7F9B15>I<300C3FF83FF03FC020002000200020002000 -200023E024302818301C200E000E000F000F000F600FF00FF00FF00F800E401E401C2038187007 -C0101D7E9B15>I<00F0030C06040C0E181E301E300C700070006000E3E0E430E818F00CF00EE0 -06E007E007E007E007E007600760077006300E300C18180C3003E0101D7E9B15>I<4000007FFF -807FFF007FFF0040020080040080040080080000100000100000200000600000400000C00000C0 -0001C0000180000180000380000380000380000380000780000780000780000780000780000780 -00030000111D7E9B15>I<03E00C301008200C20066006600660067006780C3E083FB01FE007F0 -07F818FC307E601E600FC007C003C003C003C00360026004300C1C1007E0101D7E9B15>I<03C0 -0C301818300C700C600EE006E006E007E007E007E007E0076007700F300F18170C2707C7000600 -06000E300C780C78187010203030C00F80101D7E9B15>I<60F0F0600000000000000000000060 -F0F06004127C910C>I<60F0F0600000000000000000000060F0F0701010101020204080041A7C -910C>I<7FFFFFC0FFFFFFE0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 -0000000000FFFFFFE07FFFFFC01B0C7E8F20>61 D<0FE03038401CE00EF00EF00EF00E000C001C -0030006000C0008001800100010001000100010001000000000000000000000003000780078003 -000F1D7E9C14>63 D<000600000006000000060000000F0000000F0000000F0000001780000017 -8000001780000023C0000023C0000023C0000041E0000041E0000041E0000080F0000080F00001 -80F8000100780001FFF80003007C0002003C0002003C0006003E0004001E0004001E000C001F00 -1E001F00FF80FFF01C1D7F9C1F>65 DI<001F808000E061800180 -1980070007800E0003801C0003801C00018038000180780000807800008070000080F0000000F0 -000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000700000807800008078000080 -380000801C0001001C0001000E000200070004000180080000E03000001FC000191E7E9C1E>I< -FFFFC0000F00F0000F003C000F000E000F0007000F0007000F0003800F0003C00F0001C00F0001 -C00F0001E00F0001E00F0001E00F0001E00F0001E00F0001E00F0001E00F0001E00F0001C00F00 -01C00F0003C00F0003800F0007800F0007000F000E000F001C000F007000FFFFC0001B1C7E9B20 ->III<001F808000E06180018019 -80070007800E0003801C0003801C00018038000180780000807800008070000080F0000000F000 -0000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F000FFF0F0000F8070000780780007807800078038 -0007801C0007801C0007800E00078007000B800180118000E06080001F80001C1E7E9C21>I -II<1FFF00F800780078007800780078 -007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800787078F878F878F878F0F040 -E021C01F00101D7F9B15>IIIII<003F800000E0E0000380380007001C000E000E -001C0007003C00078038000380780003C0780003C0700001C0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F000 -01E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0700001C0780003C0780003C0380003803C0007801C -0007000E000E0007001C000380380000E0E000003F80001B1E7E9C20>II<003F800000E0E0000380380007001C000E000E001C0007003C00078038000380780003 -C0780003C0700001C0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F000 -01E0700001C0780003C0780003C0380003803C0E07801C1107000E208E0007205C0003A0780000 -F0E020003FE0200000602000003060000038E000003FC000003FC000001F8000000F001B257E9C -20>II<07E0801C1980300580700380600180E00180E00080E00080E00080F00000 -F800007C00007FC0003FF8001FFE0007FF0000FF80000F800007C00003C00001C08001C08001C0 -8001C0C00180C00180E00300D00200CC0C0083F800121E7E9C17>I<7FFFFFC0700F01C0600F00 -C0400F0040400F0040C00F0020800F0020800F0020800F0020000F0000000F0000000F0000000F -0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F000000 -0F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000001F800003FFFC001B1C7F9B1E>IIII<7F -F0FFC00FC03E000780180003C0180003E0100001E0200001F0600000F0400000788000007D8000 -003D0000001E0000001F0000000F0000000F8000000F80000013C0000023E0000021E0000041F0 -0000C0F8000080780001007C0003003C0002001E0006001F001F003F80FFC0FFF01C1C7F9B1F> -II<7FFFF07C01F07001E06003C06003C0400780400F80400F00401E00001E00003C00007C00 -00780000F00000F00001E00003E00003C0100780100780100F00101F00301E00203C00203C0060 -7800E0F803E0FFFFE0141C7E9B19>II<0808101020204040404080808080 -8080B0B0F8F8787830300D0C7A9C15>II<1FC000307000783800781C0030 -1C00001C00001C0001FC000F1C00381C00701C00601C00E01C40E01C40E01C40603C40304E801F -870012127E9115>97 DI<07E00C301878307870306000E0 -00E000E000E000E000E00060007004300418080C3007C00E127E9112>I<003F00000700000700 -00070000070000070000070000070000070000070000070003E7000C1700180F00300700700700 -600700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700600700700700300700180F000C370007C7E0 -131D7E9C17>I<03E00C301818300C700E6006E006FFFEE000E000E000E0006000700230021804 -0C1803E00F127F9112>I<00F8018C071E061E0E0C0E000E000E000E000E000E00FFE00E000E00 -0E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E007FE00F1D809C0D>I<0003 -8003C4C00C38C01C3880181800381C00381C00381C00381C001818001C38000C300013C0001000 -003000001800001FF8001FFF001FFF803003806001C0C000C0C000C0C000C06001803003001C0E -0007F800121C7F9215>II<18003C003C00180000000000 -00000000000000000000FC001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C -001C001C00FF80091D7F9C0C>I<00C001E001E000C000000000000000000000000000000FE000 -E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E0 -60E0F0C0F1C061803E000B25839C0D>IIII< -FC7C001C87001D03001E03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C03801C0380 -1C03801C03801C03801C0380FF9FF014127F9117>I<03F0000E1C001806003003007003806001 -80E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C06001807003803003001806000E1C0003F0001212 -7F9115>II<03C1000C3300180B00300F00700700700700E00700E00700E00700 -E00700E00700E00700600700700700300F00180F000C370007C700000700000700000700000700 -000700000700000700003FE0131A7E9116>II<1F9030704030C010C010E010F8007F80 -3FE00FF000F880388018C018C018E010D0608FC00D127F9110>I<04000400040004000C000C00 -1C003C00FFE01C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C101C101C101C101C100C100E2003 -C00C1A7F9910>IIII<7F8FF00F03800F030007020003840001C80001D80000F00000 -700000780000F800009C00010E00020E000607000403801E07C0FF0FF81512809116>II<7FFC70386038407040F040E041C003C0038007000F040E041C043C0C380870087038FF -F80E127F9112>III -E /FD 23 122 df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df<000000F0000001F0000003E0000007C000001F8000003F8000007F0000 -00FE000001FC000001F8000003F8000007F000000FE000000FE000001FC000003FC000003F8000 -007F800000FF000000FF000001FE000001FE000003FE000003FC000007FC000007FC000007F800 -000FF800000FF800000FF800001FF000001FF000001FF000003FF000003FF000003FE000003FE0 -00007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE00000FFE00000FFC00000FFC00000FF -C00000FFC00000FFC00000FFC00000FFC00000FFC00000FFC00000FFC00000FFC00000FFC00000 -FFC00000FFC00000FFC00000FFE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE000 -003FE000003FE000003FF000003FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000000FF800000FF800000FF8 -000007F8000007FC000007FC000003FC000003FE000001FE000001FE000000FF000000FF000000 -7F8000003F8000003FC000001FC000000FE000000FE0000007F0000003F8000001F8000001FC00 -0000FE0000007F0000003F8000001F80000007C0000003F0000001F0000000F01C6776CC2E>40 -D<70000000F80000007C0000003E0000001F8000001FC000000FE0000007F0000003F8000001F8 -000001FC000000FE0000007F0000007F0000003F8000003FC000001FC000001FE000000FF00000 -0FF0000007F8000007F8000007FC000003FC000003FE000003FE000001FE000001FF000001FF00 -0001FF000000FF800000FF800000FF800000FFC00000FFC000007FC000007FC000007FE000007F -E000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FF000003FF000003FF000003FF000003FF00000 -3FF000003FF000003FF000003FF000003FF000003FF000003FF000003FF000003FF000003FF000 -003FF000007FF000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FC000007FC0 -0000FFC00000FFC00000FF800000FF800000FF800001FF000001FF000001FF000001FE000003FE -000003FE000003FC000007FC000007F8000007F800000FF000000FF000001FE000001FC000003F -C000003F8000007F0000007F000000FE000001FC000001F8000003F8000007F000000FE000001F -C000001F8000003E0000007C000000F8000000700000001C6779CC2E>I45 -D<000001E00000000003F0000000000FF0000000003FF000000000FFF00000000FFFF0000003FF -FFF00000FFFFFFF00000FFFFFFF00000FFFFFFF00000FFF0FFF00000FC00FFF000000000FFF000 -000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000 -FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000 -000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000 -FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000 -000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000 -FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000 -000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000 -FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000003FFFFFFFFFC03FFFFFFFFF -C03FFFFFFFFFC03FFFFFFFFFC03FFFFFFFFFC02A4478C33B>49 D<0000000003E0000000000000 -00000007F000000000000000000007F00000000000000000000FF80000000000000000000FF800 -00000000000000000FF80000000000000000001FFC0000000000000000001FFC00000000000000 -00003FFE0000000000000000003FFE0000000000000000007FFF0000000000000000007FFF0000 -000000000000007FFF000000000000000000FFFF800000000000000000FFFF8000000000000000 -01FFFFC00000000000000001FFFFC00000000000000001FFFFC00000000000000003FFFFE00000 -000000000003EFFFE00000000000000007EFFFF00000000000000007CFFFF00000000000000007 -C7FFF0000000000000000FC7FFF8000000000000000F83FFF8000000000000001F83FFFC000000 -000000001F03FFFC000000000000001F01FFFC000000000000003F01FFFE000000000000003E00 -FFFE000000000000007E00FFFF000000000000007C007FFF00000000000000FC007FFF80000000 -000000F8007FFF80000000000000F8003FFF80000000000001F8003FFFC0000000000001F0001F -FFC0000000000003F0001FFFE0000000000003E0001FFFE0000000000003E0000FFFE000000000 -0007E0000FFFF0000000000007C00007FFF000000000000FC00007FFF800000000000F800007FF -F800000000000F800003FFF800000000001F800003FFFC00000000001F000001FFFC0000000000 -3FFFFFFFFFFE00000000003FFFFFFFFFFE00000000007FFFFFFFFFFF00000000007FFFFFFFFFFF -00000000007FFFFFFFFFFF0000000000FC0000007FFF8000000000F80000003FFF8000000001F8 -0000003FFFC000000001F00000003FFFC000000001F00000001FFFC000000003F00000001FFFE0 -00000003E00000000FFFE000000007E00000000FFFF000000007C00000000FFFF000000007C000 -000007FFF00000000FC000000007FFF80000000F8000000003FFF80000001F8000000003FFFC00 -00001F0000000003FFFC0000007FC000000001FFFC0000FFFFFFC00007FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFC000 -07FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFC00007FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFC00007FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFC00007FFFFFFFF80 -51487CC75A>65 D68 DI75 DI<000000 -03FFF0000000000000007FFFFF80000000000003FFFFFFF000000000000FFFFFFFFC0000000000 -3FFF807FFF0000000000FFF80007FFC000000003FFE00001FFF000000007FFC00000FFF8000000 -0FFF0000003FFC0000001FFE0000001FFE0000003FFC0000000FFF0000007FFC0000000FFF8000 -00FFF800000007FFC00001FFF000000003FFE00003FFF000000003FFF00003FFE000000001FFF0 -0007FFE000000001FFF80007FFC000000000FFF8000FFFC000000000FFFC000FFFC000000000FF -FC001FFF80000000007FFE001FFF80000000007FFE003FFF80000000007FFF003FFF8000000000 -7FFF003FFF80000000007FFF007FFF00000000003FFF807FFF00000000003FFF807FFF00000000 -003FFF807FFF00000000003FFF807FFF00000000003FFF80FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF000000 -00003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF0000 -0000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00 -000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF -00000000003FFFC07FFF00000000003FFF807FFF00000000003FFF807FFF80000000007FFF807F -FF80000000007FFF803FFF80000000007FFF003FFF80000000007FFF003FFF80000000007FFF00 -1FFFC000000000FFFE001FFFC000000000FFFE001FFFC000000000FFFE000FFFE000000001FFFC -000FFFE000000001FFFC0007FFE000000001FFF80003FFF000000003FFF00003FFF800000007FF -F00001FFF800000007FFE00000FFFC0000000FFFC000007FFE0000001FFF8000007FFF0000003F -FF8000003FFF8000007FFF0000000FFFC00000FFFC00000007FFF00003FFF800000003FFFC000F -FFF000000000FFFF807FFFC0000000007FFFFFFFFF80000000000FFFFFFFFC000000000003FFFF -FFF00000000000007FFFFF8000000000000003FFF0000000004A4979C759>79 -DI<00007FF00007000007FFFF000F00001F -FFFFC01F00007FFFFFF03F0000FFFFFFFC7F0003FFC00FFEFF0007FE0000FFFF0007FC00003FFF -000FF000001FFF001FF0000007FF001FE0000003FF003FE0000001FF003FC0000001FF007FC000 -0000FF007FC00000007F007FC00000007F00FFC00000003F00FFC00000003F00FFC00000003F00 -FFE00000003F00FFE00000001F00FFF00000001F00FFF80000001F00FFFC0000001F00FFFF0000 -0000007FFFC0000000007FFFFE000000007FFFFFE00000003FFFFFFF0000003FFFFFFFF000001F -FFFFFFFC00001FFFFFFFFF00000FFFFFFFFFC00007FFFFFFFFE00007FFFFFFFFF00003FFFFFFFF -F80000FFFFFFFFFC00007FFFFFFFFE00003FFFFFFFFE00000FFFFFFFFF000001FFFFFFFF000000 -3FFFFFFF80000001FFFFFF800000000FFFFFC000000000FFFFC0000000001FFFC0000000000FFF -E00000000007FFE00000000003FFE07800000001FFE0F800000000FFE0F800000000FFE0F80000 -00007FE0F8000000007FE0F8000000007FE0FC000000007FE0FC000000007FC0FC000000007FC0 -FE000000007FC0FE000000007F80FF00000000FF80FF80000000FF80FFC0000000FF00FFE00000 -01FE00FFF8000003FE00FFFE000007FC00FFFF80000FF800FFFFFC007FF000FE3FFFFFFFE000FC -0FFFFFFF8000F803FFFFFF0000F0007FFFF80000E00003FFC00000334979C742>83 -D<3FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF003FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF003FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF003FFFFFFFFFFFFFFF -FF003FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF003FFF0003FFF8003FFF007FF80003FFF80007FF807FE00003FFF800 -01FF807FC00003FFF80000FF807F800003FFF800007F807F000003FFF800003F807F000003FFF8 -00003F807E000003FFF800001F807E000003FFF800001F807E000003FFF800000F807C000003FF -F800000F807C000003FFF800000F807C000003FFF800000F807C000003FFF800000F80FC000003 -FFF800000FC0F8000003FFF8000007C0F8000003FFF8000007C0F8000003FFF8000007C0F80000 -03FFF8000007C0F8000003FFF8000007C000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF8000000000000 -0003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000 -000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF800000000 -00000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF8000000 -0000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000 -000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF800 -00000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF8 -0000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FF -F80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003 -FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF800000000000000 -03FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF8000000000003FFFFFFFFFFF800000003 -FFFFFFFFFFF800000003FFFFFFFFFFF800000003FFFFFFFFFFF800000003FFFFFFFFFFF800004A -467CC553>I<7FFFFFFFF801FFFFFFF0007FFFFFFFF801FFFFFFF0007FFFFFFFF801FFFFFFF000 -7FFFFFFFF801FFFFFFF0007FFFFFFFF801FFFFFFF000000FFFF8000003FF800000000FFFF80000 -007E0000000007FFFC000000FC0000000003FFFE000001F80000000003FFFE000003F800000000 -01FFFF000003F00000000000FFFF800007E000000000007FFFC0000FC000000000007FFFC0001F -C000000000003FFFE0001F8000000000001FFFF0003F0000000000001FFFF0007E000000000000 -0FFFF800FE00000000000007FFFC00FC00000000000003FFFC01F800000000000003FFFE03F000 -000000000001FFFF07F000000000000000FFFF87E000000000000000FFFF8FC000000000000000 -7FFFDF80000000000000003FFFFF80000000000000003FFFFF00000000000000001FFFFE000000 -00000000000FFFFC000000000000000007FFFC000000000000000007FFFC000000000000000003 -FFFE000000000000000001FFFF000000000000000001FFFF000000000000000000FFFF80000000 -00000000007FFFC000000000000000003FFFE000000000000000007FFFE000000000000000007F -FFF00000000000000000FFFFF80000000000000001FFFFF80000000000000003FFFFFC00000000 -00000003F3FFFE0000000000000007E1FFFE000000000000000FC1FFFF000000000000001FC0FF -FF800000000000001F807FFFC00000000000003F007FFFC00000000000007E003FFFE000000000 -0000FE001FFFF0000000000000FC001FFFF0000000000001F8000FFFF8000000000003F00007FF -FC000000000007F00003FFFE000000000007E00003FFFE00000000000FC00001FFFF0000000000 -1F800000FFFF80000000003F800000FFFF80000000003F0000007FFFC0000000007E0000003FFF -E000000000FC0000001FFFF000000001FC0000001FFFF000000001F80000000FFFF800000003F0 -00000007FFFC00000007E000000007FFFC0000001FFC00000003FFFE0000FFFFFFF80003FFFFFF -FF80FFFFFFF80003FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFF80003FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFF80003FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFF8 -0003FFFFFFFF8051477CC65A>88 D<0007FFFC000000007FFFFFC0000001FFFFFFF8000003FFFF -FFFE000007FE001FFF000007FF0003FFC0000FFF8001FFE0000FFF8000FFF0000FFF80007FF000 -0FFF80007FF8000FFF80007FF80007FF00003FFC0007FF00003FFC0003FE00003FFC0000F80000 -3FFC00000000003FFC00000000003FFC00000000003FFC00000000003FFC00000007FFFFFC0000 -00FFFFFFFC000007FFFFFFFC00003FFFE03FFC0000FFFE003FFC0003FFF0003FFC0007FFC0003F -FC000FFF00003FFC001FFE00003FFC003FFC00003FFC007FF800003FFC007FF800003FFC00FFF0 -00003FFC00FFF000003FFC00FFF000003FFC00FFF000003FFC00FFF000003FFC00FFF000007FFC -007FF80000FFFC007FF80001EFFC003FFC0003EFFC003FFF0007CFFF000FFFC03F8FFFF807FFFF -FF07FFFC01FFFFFC03FFFC007FFFF001FFFC0003FF80007FF8362E7DAD3A>97 -D<00001FFFC0000000FFFFF8000007FFFFFE00001FFFFFFF80007FFC00FFC000FFE001FFC001FF -C003FFE003FF8003FFE007FF0003FFE00FFE0003FFE00FFE0003FFE01FFC0001FFC01FFC0001FF -C03FFC0000FF803FFC00003E007FF8000000007FF8000000007FF800000000FFF800000000FFF8 -00000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF8000000 -00FFF800000000FFF8000000007FF8000000007FF8000000007FFC000000003FFC000000003FFC -000000001FFC000000F81FFE000000F80FFE000000F80FFF000001F007FF800003F003FFC00007 -E001FFE0000FC000FFF0001F80007FFE00FF00001FFFFFFE000007FFFFF8000000FFFFE0000000 -1FFE00002D2E7CAD35>99 D<00000000007FC00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC000000000 -00FFFFC00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC0000000000003FFC0000000000001FFC0000000 -000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC00000 -00000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC000 -0000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0 -000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC00000000FFC01FFC0000000FFFF81FF -C0000007FFFFE1FFC000001FFFFFF9FFC000007FFC03FFFFC00000FFF0007FFFC00001FFC0001F -FFC00003FF80000FFFC00007FF000007FFC0000FFE000003FFC0000FFE000003FFC0001FFC0000 -03FFC0001FFC000003FFC0003FFC000003FFC0003FFC000003FFC0007FF8000003FFC0007FF800 -0003FFC0007FF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8 -000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FF -F8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC0007FF8000003FFC0007FF8000003FFC0007FF8000003FFC000 -3FF8000003FFC0003FFC000003FFC0003FFC000003FFC0001FFC000003FFC0001FFC000003FFC0 -000FFE000007FFC00007FF00000FFFC00003FF00001FFFC00001FFC0003FFFC00000FFE000FFFF -E000007FF807FBFFFF80001FFFFFF3FFFF800007FFFFC3FFFF800001FFFF03FFFF8000001FF803 -FFFF8039487CC742>I<00001FFE00000001FFFFE0000007FFFFF800001FFFFFFE00007FFC07FF -0000FFE001FF8001FFC0007FC003FF80003FE007FF00003FF00FFE00001FF01FFE00000FF81FFC -00000FF83FFC00000FFC3FFC000007FC7FFC000007FC7FF8000007FC7FF8000007FE7FF8000007 -FEFFF8000007FEFFF8000007FEFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFFFFFCFFF8 -00000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF8000000007FF8000000007FF8000000007FFC000000 -003FFC000000003FFC000000003FFC0000001C1FFE0000003E0FFE0000003E07FF0000007E07FF -000000FC03FF800001F801FFC00003F0007FF0001FE0003FFE00FFC0001FFFFFFF800007FFFFFE -000000FFFFF80000000FFF80002F2E7DAD36>I<00FC0001FF0003FF8007FFC00FFFC01FFFE01F -FFE01FFFE01FFFE01FFFE01FFFE00FFFC007FFC003FF8001FF0000FC0000000000000000000000 -0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007FC0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0FF -FFC003FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001 -FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001 -FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF -FFFFFFFFFF18497CC820>105 D<007FC000FFFFC000FFFFC000FFFFC000FFFFC000FFFFC00003 -FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC000 -01FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC0 -0001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FF -C00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001 -FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC000 -01FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC0 -0001FFC00001FFC000FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF8019487CC720>108 -D<007FC001FFC00000FFE00000FFFFC00FFFF80007FFFC0000FFFFC03FFFFE001FFFFF0000FFFF -C0FFFFFF007FFFFF8000FFFFC1FC07FF80FE03FFC000FFFFC3E003FFC1F001FFE00003FFC7C001 -FFC3E000FFE00001FFCF0001FFE78000FFF00001FFDE0000FFEF00007FF00001FFDC0000FFEE00 -007FF00001FFFC0000FFFE00007FF80001FFF80000FFFC00007FF80001FFF00000FFF800007FF8 -0001FFF00000FFF800007FF80001FFF00000FFF800007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FF -E00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000 -FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000 -007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF8 -0001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FF -E00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000 -FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000 -007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF8 -0001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF800FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03FFFFFF0FFFF -FFC07FFFFFE03FFFFFF0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03FFFFFF0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03FFFFFF0FFFFFFC07F -FFFFE03FFFFFF05C2E7CAD65>I<007FC001FFC00000FFFFC00FFFF80000FFFFC03FFFFE0000FF -FFC0FFFFFF0000FFFFC1FC07FF8000FFFFC3E003FFC00003FFC7C001FFC00001FFCF0001FFE000 -01FFDE0000FFE00001FFDC0000FFE00001FFFC0000FFF00001FFF80000FFF00001FFF00000FFF0 -0001FFF00000FFF00001FFF00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FF -F00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000 -FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE000 -00FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE0 -0000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FF -E00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF000FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0FF -FFFFC07FFFFFE0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03B2E7CAD42>I<00 -000FFF0000000000FFFFF000000007FFFFFE0000001FFFFFFF8000003FFC03FFC00000FFE0007F -F00001FF80001FF80003FF00000FFC0007FE000007FE000FFE000007FF000FFC000003FF001FFC -000003FF803FFC000003FFC03FF8000001FFC03FF8000001FFC07FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FF -E07FF8000001FFE0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF800 -0001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0 -7FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FFE03FFC000003FFC03FFC0000 -03FFC01FFC000003FF801FFE000007FF800FFE000007FF0007FF00000FFE0003FF80001FFC0001 -FFC0003FF80000FFE0007FF000007FFC03FFE000001FFFFFFF80000007FFFFFE00000000FFFFF0 -000000000FFF000000342E7DAD3B>I<007FC00FFC000000FFFFC07FFFC00000FFFFC3FFFFF000 -00FFFFCFFFFFFC0000FFFFDFF01FFF0000FFFFFF8007FF800003FFFE0001FFC00001FFF80000FF -E00001FFF00000FFF00001FFE000007FF80001FFE000003FFC0001FFE000003FFC0001FFE00000 -3FFE0001FFE000001FFE0001FFE000001FFF0001FFE000001FFF0001FFE000001FFF0001FFE000 -000FFF0001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE0 -00000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FF -E000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF0001FFE000001FFF0001FFE000001FFF0001FFE000001FFE0001 -FFE000001FFE0001FFE000003FFC0001FFE000003FFC0001FFE000007FF80001FFF000007FF800 -01FFF80000FFF00001FFFC0001FFE00001FFFE0003FFC00001FFFF0007FF800001FFFFE03FFE00 -0001FFEFFFFFFC000001FFE3FFFFF0000001FFE0FFFF80000001FFE01FF800000001FFE0000000 -000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE00000 -00000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE000 -0000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE00000000000FFFFFF -C000000000FFFFFFC000000000FFFFFFC000000000FFFFFFC000000000FFFFFFC0000000003942 -7CAD42>I<00FF803F8000FFFF80FFF000FFFF83FFFC00FFFF87FFFE00FFFF8FC3FF00FFFF8F07 -FF0003FF9E0FFF8001FFBC0FFF8001FFB80FFF8001FFF80FFF8001FFF00FFF8001FFF007FF0001 -FFF007FF0001FFE003FE0001FFE000F80001FFE000000001FFE000000001FFC000000001FFC000 -000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001 -FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000 -000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001 -FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC0000000FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE0 -0000FFFFFFE00000292E7CAD31>114 D<000FFF00E0007FFFF3E001FFFFFFE007FFFFFFE00FF8 -00FFE01FC0001FE03F80000FE03F000007E07F000003E07F000003E0FF000003E0FF000003E0FF -800003E0FFC0000000FFF0000000FFFE000000FFFFF800007FFFFFC0007FFFFFF0003FFFFFFC00 -1FFFFFFF000FFFFFFF8007FFFFFFC003FFFFFFE000FFFFFFF0003FFFFFF00003FFFFF800001FFF -F8000000FFFC0000001FFC7800000FFCF8000007FCF8000003FCFC000003FCFC000003FCFE0000 -03F8FE000003F8FF000003F8FF800007F0FFC0000FF0FFF0001FE0FFFC00FFC0FFFFFFFF80FC7F -FFFE00F81FFFF800E003FF8000262E7CAD2F>I<0001F000000001F000000001F000000001F000 -000001F000000001F000000003F000000003F000000003F000000007F000000007F000000007F0 -0000000FF00000000FF00000001FF00000003FF00000003FF00000007FF0000001FFF0000003FF -F000000FFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC000FFF0000000FFF0000000 -FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF00000 -00FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF000 -0000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF0 -01F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F0007FF001E0007F -F803E0003FF803E0003FFC07C0001FFE0F80000FFFFF800007FFFE000001FFFC0000001FF00024 -427EC12E>I<7FFFFFC000FFFF807FFFFFC000FFFF807FFFFFC000FFFF807FFFFFC000FFFF807F -FFFFC000FFFF8000FFF000000FE00000FFF800000FC00000FFF800000FC000007FFC00000F8000 -007FFC00001F8000003FFC00001F0000003FFE00003F0000001FFE00003E0000001FFF00007E00 -00000FFF00007C0000000FFF8000FC00000007FF8000F800000007FFC001F800000003FFC001F0 -00000003FFE003F000000003FFE003F000000001FFF003E000000001FFF007E000000000FFF007 -C000000000FFF80FC0000000007FF80F80000000007FFC1F80000000003FFC1F00000000003FFE -3F00000000001FFE3E00000000001FFF7E00000000000FFF7C00000000000FFFFC00000000000F -FFFC000000000007FFF8000000000007FFF8000000000003FFF0000000000003FFF00000000000 -01FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000000FFC0000000000000FFC00000000000007F8000000000 -00007F800000000000003F000000000000003F000000000000003F000000000000003E00000000 -0000007E000000000000007C00000000000000FC000000001F8000F8000000003FC001F8000000 -007FE001F000000000FFF003F000000000FFF003E000000000FFF007E000000000FFF00FC00000 -0000FFF01F8000000000FFF03F80000000007FE07F00000000007F43FE00000000003FFFF80000 -0000001FFFF0000000000007FFC0000000000001FE00000000000039427EAD3F>121 -D E end -%%EndProlog -%%BeginSetup -%%Feature: *Resolution 300dpi -TeXDict begin - -%%EndSetup -%%Page: 197 1 -197 0 bop 1888 50 a FC(197)150 542 y Fq(Chapter)34 b(3)150 -785 y FE(TO)m(AD)506 776 y(-)539 785 y(1)40 b(System)e(and)h(XKL)1542 -776 y(-)1576 785 y(1)150 910 y(Pro)s(cessor)i(Op)s(erations)990 -1206 y Fy(Note)254 1297 y Fx(Most)14 b(of)g(the)h(material)e(in)h(this)g -(chapter)g(has)h(settle)n(d)f(down.)19 b(The)14 b(ar)n(e)n(as)g(stil)r(l)f -(changing)i(ar)n(e)f(those)254 1347 y(c)n(onc)n(erning)21 b(multi{pr)n(o)n(c) -n(essor)f(c)n(on\014gur)n(ations,)k(cluster)n(e)n(d)c(systems,)i(and,)h(to)e -(a)g(lesser)g(de)n(gr)n(e)n(e,)254 1397 y Fw(TDBoot)p Fx(.)254 -1482 y(R)n(alph)15 b(Gorin)f(c)n(ontr)n(ols)h(the)f(c)n(ontent;)h(he)g(would) -g(appr)n(e)n(ciate)f(your)h(c)n(omments)g(and)h(suggestions.)150 -1637 y FC(The)10 b(information)d(presen)o(ted)12 b(in)d(this)h(c)o(hapter)g -(is)g(primarily)d(for)i(XKL's)h(o)o(wn)f(hardw)o(are)h(designers)h(and)f -(systems)150 1686 y(programmers.)16 b(This)d(information)d(do)q(cumen)o(ts)i -(an)h(imp)q(ortan)o(t)e(comp)q(onen)o(t)h(of)h(the)g(TO)o(AD)1648 -1682 y(-)1660 1686 y(1)f(System)h(design)150 1736 y(and)18 -b(pro)o(vides)g(the)h(information)c(necessary)20 b(to)e(the)h(authors)g(of)e -(the)i(op)q(erating)f(system,)h(diagnostics,)f(and)150 1786 -y(other)d(soft)o(w)o(are.)21 b(This)14 b(information)e(is)j(also)f(germane)g -(to)g(an)o(y)o(one)h(who)f(wishes)i(to)e(write)h(his)g(o)o(wn)f(op)q(erating) -150 1836 y(system;)21 b(it)e(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j(needed)h(b)o(y)e(users)h(who)f -(wish)g(to)g(handle)h(their)f(o)o(wn)g(I/O)g(or)g(b)o(y)g(programmers)f(in)g -(a)150 1886 y(situation)13 b(where)i(all)e(the)h(facilities)f(of)g(a)h -(system)g(are)g(dedicated)h(to)f(a)f(single)h(large)f(task.)p -eop -%%Page: 198 2 -198 1 bop 0 50 a FC(198)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)787 224 y Fy(W)-5 b(arning!)104 -315 y FC(XKL)195 311 y(-)207 315 y(1)16 b(pro)q(cessor)i(functions)f(are)g -(implem)o(en)o(ted)e(in)h(micro)q(co)q(de)g(\(whic)o(h)g(can)h(b)q(e)g -(revised)g(m)o(uc)o(h)104 365 y(more)e(easily)h(than)g(hardw)o(are\).)27 -b(Although)15 b(the)i(user)h(op)q(erations)e(describ)q(ed)j(in)d(Chapter)h(2) -f(are)104 415 y(delib)q(erately)d(k)o(ept)h(as)f(compatible)e(as)i -(practicable)h(with)f(other)g(PDP{10)g(pro)q(cessors,)i(XKL)e -FB(LLC)104 465 y FC(will)j(c)o(hange)h(XKL)417 461 y(-)430 -465 y(1)g(pro)q(cessor)i(micro)q(co)q(de)e(whenev)o(er)h(suc)o(h)h(a)e(c)o -(hange)g(will)f(result)i(in)f(greater)104 515 y(sp)q(eed,)g(e\016ciency)m(,)f -(or)f(e\013ectiv)o(eness.)26 b(Therefore,)16 b(an)o(y)o(one)g(writing)e -(system)i(soft)o(w)o(are)f(should)h(b)q(e)104 564 y(sure)f(to)f(obtain)f(the) -i(most)e(recen)o(t)j(v)o(ersion)e(of)g(this)g(do)q(cumen)o(tation.)j(Before)e -(em)o(barking)e(on)h(an)o(y)104 614 y(pro)r(ject)f(as)f(enormous)f(and)g -(critical)h(as)f(an)h(op)q(erating)g(system,)f(b)q(e)i(sure)g(to)e(c)o(hec)o -(k)i(with)e(XKL)h FB(LLC)104 664 y FC(for)h(an)o(y)g(c)o(hanges)g(not)h(y)o -(et)f(do)q(cumen)o(ted)h(and)f(for)g(suc)o(h)h(system)f(dev)o(elopmen)o(t)f -(to)q(ols)h(as)g(migh)o(t)f(b)q(e)104 714 y(pro)o(vided)i(to)f(customers)i -(undertaking)e(suc)o(h)i(a)f(pro)r(ject.)104 799 y(This)f(w)o(arning)f -(applies)h(also)f(to)h(the)h(v)n(arious)e(subsystems)i(connected)h(to)e(the)g -(TO)o(AD)1492 795 y(-)1504 799 y(1)g(System's)104 849 y(bac)o(kplane)i(bus.) -22 b(They)16 b(to)q(o)f(are)h(hea)o(vily)e(dep)q(enden)o(t)j(on)e(micro)q(co) -q(de,)f(whic)o(h)i(co)q(de)g(ma)o(y)d(c)o(hange)104 899 y(for)g(an)o(y)h(of)f -(the)h(reasons)h(stated)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)104 985 y(Lo)q(cations)i(in)f(MemA) -g(and)h(in)f(NVRAM)h(iden)o(ti\014ed)g(in)g(this)g(man)o(ual)d(are)k -Fz(not)d FC(part)j(of)e(the)h(ar-)104 1034 y(c)o(hitectural)h(sp)q -(eci\014cation)g(of)f(the)h(TO)o(AD)806 1030 y(-)818 1034 y(1)g(System.)28 -b(They)18 b(are)g(sub)r(ject)h(to)f(c)o(hange)g(without)104 -1084 y(notice.)0 1230 y(Programming)d(for)i(the)i(system)f(as)g(a)f(whole)h -(is)g(programming)c(in)k(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de.)29 b(Only)18 -b(the)h(executiv)o(e)0 1280 y(program)11 b(is)i(without)f(instruction)h -(restrictions.)19 b(All)12 b(other)i(programs)d(lab)q(or)h(under)i -(instruction)f(restrictions.)0 1365 y(The)h(amoun)o(t)f(of)g(useful)h(w)o -(ork)g(done)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(system)g(dep)q(ends)i(on)d(ho)o(w)h(e\016cien)o -(tly)g(and)g(e\013ectiv)o(ely)g(the)h(exec-)0 1415 y(utiv)o(e)e(manages)e -(the)i(ph)o(ysical)f(resources)j(of)d(the)i(system.)j(These)d(resources)h -(include)e(the)g(pro)q(cessor,)h(memory)m(,)0 1465 y(input{output)e(devices,) -i(the)f(\014le)g(system,)f(and)h(the)g(bandwidth)f(of)g(the)i(paths)f(b)q(et) -o(w)o(een)h(v)n(arious)e(comp)q(onen)o(ts.)0 1515 y(The)f(executiv)o(e)g -(selects)h(whic)o(h)e(pro)q(cess)i(to)e(run)g(next.)18 b(It)10 -b(manages)f(the)h(w)o(orking)g(sets)h(of)f(the)g(v)n(arious)g(pro)q(cesses,)0 -1565 y(resp)q(onding)15 b(to)f(their)g(c)o(hanging)g(needs.)20 -b(The)15 b(executiv)o(e)g(reacts)h(to)e(error)h(situations)f(and)g(ev)o(en)h -(to)f(unaccept-)0 1615 y(able)j(b)q(eha)o(vior)f(on)h(the)h(part)f(of)f(a)h -(user.)28 b(The)18 b(executiv)o(e)g(accomplishes)e(these)j(ob)r(jectiv)o(es)f -(b)o(y)e(handling)g(all)0 1664 y(in{out)g(for)g(the)h(system)f(and)g(setting) -h(up)g(user)g(page)f(maps,)g(trap)g(lo)q(cations,)g(in)o(terrupt)i(lo)q -(cations,)e(etc.)26 b(for)0 1714 y(itself)14 b(and)h(for)f(the)i(users.)22 -b(The)15 b(executiv)o(e)h(handles)f(user)h(accoun)o(ts,)f(passw)o(ords,)g -(and)g(lev)o(el)f(of)g(privileges.)21 b(It)0 1764 y(con)o(trols)14 -b(access)i(to)d(all)g(system)h(resources.)0 1850 y(The)f(activities)f(of)f -(an)h(op)q(erating)g(system,)g(particularly)f(as)i(they)f(are)h(implemen)o -(ted)d(in)i(the)g(XKL)1575 1846 y(-)1588 1850 y(1)g(pro)q(cessor,)0 -1899 y(are)17 b(the)h(topics)f(of)g(this)g(c)o(hapter.)28 b(Of)17 -b(course)h(the)g(system)e(programmer)f(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)i(fully)d(familiar)f -(with)i(the)0 1949 y(material)c(presen)o(ted)17 b(in)d(the)h(earlier)f(c)o -(hapters.)21 b(The)15 b(programmer)d(m)o(ust)h(understand)j(the)f(TO)o(AD) -1623 1945 y(-)1634 1949 y(1)f(System)0 1999 y(arc)o(hitecture)21 -b(as)e(presen)o(ted)i(in)e(Chapter)g(1)g(and)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(totally)f -(con)o(v)o(ersan)o(t)i(with)f(the)g(instruction)h(set,)0 2049 -y(including)12 b(the)h(v)n(arious)f(mo)q(des)f(of)h Fv(JRST)p -FC(,)g(MUUOs,)h(and)g(I/O)f(instructions.)19 b(Executiv)o(e{mo)q(de)12 -b(extensions)i(of)0 2099 y(the)g(instruction)h(set)g(\(e.g.,)d -Fv(PX)o(CT)h FC(and)h(others\))h(are)f(discussed)i(here.)0 -2272 y Ft(3.1)70 b(TO)n(AD)363 2267 y(-)382 2272 y(1)23 b(System)d(Bac)n -(kplane)j(Bus)0 2398 y FC(The)16 b(high{sp)q(eed)g(bac)o(kplane)f(bus)h -(carries)g(information)d(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)j(the)g(v)n(arious)f(comp)q(onen)o -(ts)g(of)g(the)h(system.)0 2448 y(A)h Fz(bus)i(transaction)14 -b FC(in)o(v)o(olv)o(es,)j(\014rst,)h(a)f(device)h(that)g(requests)h(the)f -(bus;)h(second,)f(a)f(gran)o(t,)g(in)g(whic)o(h)g(the)0 2498 -y(requesting)c(device)g(is)f(allo)o(w)o(ed)e(con)o(trol)i(of)f(the)i(bus)f -(for)g(a)g(time;)e(and,)i(third,)g(one)g(or)g(more)f(bus)i(cycles)g(directed) -0 2548 y(b)o(y)j(the)h(requestor)h(\(also)e(kno)o(wn)g(as)h(the)g(source\))g -(to)g(another)f(device|the)i(target)f(\(or)f(destination\)|after)0 -2598 y(whic)o(h)g(the)g(requestor)i(remo)o(v)o(es)d(its)h(request)i(for)d -(the)i(bus.)24 b(A)16 b(bus)g(transaction)h(is)e(strictly)i(one{w)o(a)o(y:)k -(infor-)p eop -%%Page: 199 3 -199 2 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.1.)31 b(TO)o(AD)373 46 y(-)385 50 y(1)13 -b(SYSTEM)i(BA)o(CKPLANE)g(BUS)918 b FC(199)150 195 y(mation)15 -b(mo)o(v)o(es)h(from)g(the)i(requestor)h(to)f(the)g(target.)29 -b(The)18 b(bus)g(cycles)g(from)e(whic)o(h)i(bus)f(transactions)i(are)150 -245 y(comp)q(osed)13 b(are)i(of)e(sev)o(eral)h(di\013eren)o(t)h(t)o(yp)q(es,) -g(iden)o(ti\014ed)f(b)o(y)f(name.)150 330 y(A)f Fz(seman)o(tic)g(transaction) -p FC(,)e(that)i(is,)g(a)g(meaningful)d(exc)o(hange)k(of)f(information,)d(is)j -(completed)g(in)g(either)h(one)150 380 y(or)i(t)o(w)o(o)g(bus)h -(transactions.)22 b(F)m(or)15 b(example,)f(a)h(write)h(\(to)f(e.g.,)f(a)h -(memory\))e(tak)o(es)j(only)e(one)h(bus)h(transaction,)150 -430 y(b)q(ecause)i(the)g(requestor)g(supplies)f(the)g(address)h(and)f(the)g -(data.)26 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)17 b(a)g(read)g(\(from)e(e.g.,)h(a)g(memory\)) -150 480 y(requires)e(t)o(w)o(o)f(bus)g(transactions:)19 b(the)13 -b(original)f(requestor)i(supplies)g(the)f(read)h(command)c(and)j(address)h -(to)f(the)150 530 y(target)18 b(device)g(in)f(the)h(\014rst)g(bus)g -(transaction;)g(subsequen)o(tly)m(,)h(the)f(former)e(target)i(device)g(no)o -(w)f(acts)h(as)f(the)150 580 y(requestor)e(and)f(supplies)g(data)g(to)g(its)g -(target)g(\(the)h(original)d(requestor\).)150 665 y(Of)g(course,)i(an)o(y)e -(seman)o(tic)g(transaction)g(that)h(can)g(b)q(e)g(completed)f(in)g(one)h(bus) -g(transaction)f(is)h(p)q(erformed)f(that)150 715 y(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)17 -b(T)m(o)12 b(maximi)o(ze)f(system)i(throughput,)h(seman)o(tic)e(transactions) -i(that)f(in)o(v)o(olv)o(e)f(a)h(v)n(ariable)f(dela)o(y)h(\(e.g.,)f(the)150 -765 y(time)i(while)g(a)h(memory)e(\014nds)i(the)h(data)f(that)g(w)o(as)g -(requested\))i(are)f(p)q(erformed)f(as)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(bus)g(transactions:)21 -b(a)150 815 y(request)c(and)e(a)h(return.)24 b(This)15 b(organization)g(of)f -(seman)o(tic)h(transactions)h(in)o(to)f(one)h(or)f(t)o(w)o(o)g(bus)h -(transactions)150 864 y(helps)e(to)f(sp)q(eed)i(bus)f(throughput)g(b)o(y)f -(eliminating)d(the)k(dela)o(ys)f(inheren)o(t)i(in)e(turning)g(the)h(bus)g -(around:)j(in)c(the)150 914 y(TO)o(AD)276 910 y(-)288 914 y(1)f(System)f(bac) -o(kplane)h(bus)g(the)h(initiator)e(is)h(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(the)h(source)i(of)d -(commands,)f(addresses,)k(and)e(data;)150 964 y(the)17 b(target)g(receiv)o -(es)h(them.)26 b(The)17 b(source)h(and)e(target)h(of)f(the)h(request)h(p)q -(ortion)e(of)g(a)h(t)o(w)o(o{part)f(transaction)150 1014 y(in)o(terc)o(hange) -f(roles)f(for)f(the)i(return)g(bus)f(transaction.)150 1099 -y(A)20 b(seman)o(tic)g(transaction)h(that)f(in)o(v)o(olv)o(es)f(t)o(w)o(o)h -(bus)h(transactions)g(allo)o(ws)e(an)o(y)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(unrelated)j -(bus)150 1149 y(transactions)15 b(to)g(o)q(ccur)h(after)f(the)g(request)h -(and)f(b)q(efore)g(the)h(corresp)q(onding)f(return.)22 b(A)15 -b(device)g(ma)o(y)e(initiate)150 1199 y(a)k(transaction)h(\(i.e.,)f(mak)o(e)e -(a)i(request\))j(ev)o(en)e(while)e(it)h(has)h(incomplete)e(transactions)i(p)q -(ending.)29 b(Requests)150 1249 y(directed)13 b(b)o(y)e(one)h(source)h(to)e -(di\013eren)o(t)h(targets)h(are)e(answ)o(ered)i(indep)q(enden)o(tly)m(,)f(so) -f(the)h(resp)q(onses)i(ma)o(y)c(come)g(in)150 1299 y(some)j(order)h(other)g -(than)g(that)f(of)g(the)h(requests.)20 b(Multiple)13 b(requests)i(b)o(y)f -(one)f(source)i(to)f(the)g(same)e(target)i(will)150 1348 y(\(if)d(accepted\)) -i(pro)q(duce)g(resp)q(onses)g(b)o(y)e(the)h(target)g(in)f(the)h(same)f(order) -h(as)f(the)h(requests)i(w)o(ere)e(receiv)o(ed.)18 b(As)12 b(the)150 -1398 y(target)h(of)e(a)h(transaction,)h(eac)o(h)g(device)g(is)f(required)h -(to)f(honor)g(at)g(least)h(one)f(\(appropriate\))h(request)h(at)e(a)g(time,) -150 1448 y(though)g(some)f(ma)o(y)f(honor)i(more.)k(When)c(unable)g(to)g -(handle)g(an)g(appropriate)g(request,)h(a)f(target)g(will)f(resp)q(ond)150 -1498 y(\\busy".)17 b(When)11 b(presen)o(ted)h(with)e(a)h(request)h(of)e(an)g -(inappropriate)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(\(e.g.,)g(an)f(In)o(terrupt)p -1635 1498 13 2 v 16 w(Request)i(directed)150 1548 y(to)20 b(a)f(memory)e(mo)q -(dule\),)i(the)i(target)f(device)g(ma)o(y)e(ignore)i(the)g(request.)37 -b(T)m(o)19 b(a)o(v)o(oid)f(deadlo)q(c)o(k,)j(designers)150 -1597 y(of)d(devices)h(are)g(strongly)f(urged)h(to)f(accept)i(immedia)o(tely)c -(\(without)i(b)q(eing)g(busy\))h(the)g(W)m(ord)p 1725 1597 -V 14 w(Return)g(and)150 1647 y(Line)p 231 1647 V 15 w(Return)d(resp)q(onses)i -(whenev)o(er)f(they)f(app)q(ear,)g(b)q(ecause)h(these)g(are)f(resp)q(onses)i -(to)e(requests)h(initiated)e(b)o(y)150 1697 y(the)f(target)h(device.)k -(During)13 b(normal)f(op)q(eration,)h(the)h(XKL)1126 1693 y(-)1139 -1697 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)j(is)e(nev)o(er)h(busy)f(to)g(a)f(request.)150 -1783 y(A)g(source)g(that)g(receiv)o(es)h(a)e(busy)h(resp)q(onse)h(is)f(exp)q -(ected)h(to)f(retry)g(the)g(request)h(some)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(times)f -(b)q(efore)150 1832 y(abandoning)i(the)h(request.)150 1918 -y(An)o(y)i(device)h(that)g(initiates)f(t)o(w)o(o{part)f(transactions)i(will)e -(time{out)g(a)h(transaction)h(that)f(is)g(not)h(completed)150 -1968 y(b)o(y)d(an)f(appropriate)h(return)h(within)e(a)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h -(time)e(p)q(erio)q(d.)18 b(Suc)o(h)d(time{outs)d(signify)h(errors.)150 -2053 y(The)h(bac)o(kplane)g(bus)g(is)f(quite)h(short;)g(the)g(lik)o(eliho)q -(o)q(d)e(of)h(a)g(\014eld)h(b)q(ecoming)e(corrupted)j(is)f(quite)f(lo)o(w.) -1794 2038 y Fn(1)1830 2053 y FC(There-)150 2103 y(fore,)h(no)f(error)i(c)o -(hec)o(king)g(is)e(included)i(with)e(the)i(bus)f(transactions.)19 -b(Individual)13 b(mo)q(dules,)f(notably)h(memory)m(,)150 2153 -y(will)e(do)h(their)g(o)o(wn)g(error)h(c)o(hec)o(king)g(b)q(efore)g(placing)e -(data)h(on)g(the)g(bus;)h(the)g(bus)g(pro)o(vides)f(a)g(metho)q(d)f(b)o(y)h -(whic)o(h)150 2203 y(error)j(conditions)e(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)j(signalled.)150 -2288 y(Bus)g(arbitration)f(is)g(cen)o(tralized.)21 b(T)m(o)14 -b(gain)f(access)k(to)d(the)h(bus,)g(a)f(mo)q(dule)f(m)o(ust)g(assert)j(BUS)p -1690 2288 V 16 w(R)o(Q[)p Fs(n)p FC(])d(\(where)150 2338 y -Fs(n)19 b FC(is)g(the)h(ph)o(ysical)f(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(o)q(ccupied)h -(b)o(y)g(the)g(mo)q(dule\))e(and)h(k)o(eep)h(it)f(asserted)i(un)o(til)e(it)g -(b)q(egins)g(the)150 2388 y(last)d(cycle)g(of)g(its)g(transaction.)24 -b(Cen)o(tral)16 b(bus)g(arbitration)f(will)g(gran)o(t)h(service)h(b)o(y)f -(raising)f(BUS)p 1736 2388 V 15 w(AK[)p Fs(n)p FC(])g(to)h(a)150 -2438 y(mo)q(dule)11 b(late)i(in)f(the)h(cycle)h(preceding)f(the)h(one)f(at)f -(whic)o(h)h(the)g(mo)q(dule)e(ma)o(y)g(b)q(egin)i(its)f(transaction.)1778 -2423 y Fn(2)1815 2438 y FC(Cen)o(tral)p 150 2472 720 2 v 196 -2499 a Fm(1)214 2511 y Fl(Man)o(y)e(p)q(eople)g(w)o(ould)h(lik)o(e)g(some)f -(assurance)f(regarding)g(this)i(p)q(oin)o(t.)196 2539 y Fm(2)214 -2551 y Fl(In)f(the)h(implemen)o(tat)o(ion)d(of)j(the)g(bac)o(kplane)d(the)j -Fg(n)h Fl(in)f(BUS)p 1043 2551 11 2 v 13 w(R)o(Q[)p Fg(n)p -Fl(])h(and)e(BUS)p 1300 2551 V 13 w(AK[)p Fg(n)p Fl(])j(is)e(implicit.)i(BUS) -p 1669 2551 V 13 w(R)o(Q)f(and)e(BUS)p 1885 2551 V 13 w(AK)150 -2590 y(are)h(dedicated)e(pins)h(on)h(eac)o(h)g(bus)f(connector;)f(the)i(slot) -f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(is)h(determined)e(b)o(y)i(the)f(bac)o(kplane)f -(connection)f(from)j(eac)o(h)f(slot)p eop -%%Page: 200 4 -200 3 bop 0 50 a FC(200)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FC(bus)i(arbitration)f(will)f -(presen)o(t)k(the)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(the)h(selected)i(mo)q(dule)c(on)i -(the)g(SR)o(C[0:3])d(lines)j(visible)f(to)g(all)0 245 y(mo)q(dules.)j(In)d -(this)f(w)o(a)o(y)m(,)f(the)i(target)f(device)h(kno)o(ws)g(whic)o(h)f(mo)q -(dule)f(initiated)g(a)h(request)i(and)e(th)o(us)h(kno)o(ws)f(to)0 -295 y(whom)e(to)i(address)h(the)g(return,)f(if)f(needed.)0 -447 y Fy(3.1.1)55 b(Request)17 b(T)-5 b(ransactions)0 559 y -FC(These)12 b(are)f(the)h(seman)o(tic)e(transactions)h(from)e(whic)o(h)i(no)g -(resp)q(onse)i(is)d(exp)q(ected;)k(th)o(us,)d(they)h(are)f(accomplished)0 -609 y(in)k(one)g(bus)g(transaction.)22 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)15 -b(a)g(device)g(ma)o(y)f(resp)q(ond)i(busy)f(at)g(the)g(end)h(of)e(the)i -(\014rst)g(bus)f(cycle)h(that)0 659 y(selects)g(it)d(as)h(the)h(target,)e(in) -h(whic)o(h)g(case)h(the)f(requestor)h(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)i(prepared)g(to)f(try)g -(again.)0 744 y Fx(Notes:)20 b FC(When)14 b(a)f(request)j(transaction)d(is)h -(directed)h(to)e(an)g(empt)o(y)g(slot,)g(there)i(will)d(b)q(e)i(no)f -(indication)g(that)g(an)0 794 y(error)i(has)f(o)q(ccurred.)0 -862 y(W)m(ord)p 102 862 13 2 v 14 w(W)m(rite)216 929 y(W)m(rite)d(a)g(w)o -(ord)h(to)f(a)g(target)h(device)h(\(e.g.,)d(a)i(memory\).)j(The)d(source)g -(device)h(will)d(place)h(the)h(target)216 979 y(device)k(slot)f(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)f(and)h(the)h(in{mo)q(dule)d(address)k(on)e(the)g(bus)h(and)f(p)q(erform) -f(a)h(cycle)h(of)e(t)o(yp)q(e)216 1029 y(W)m(ord)p 318 1029 -V 14 w(W)m(rite.)j(On)c(the)g(follo)o(wing)d(cycle,)j(the)g(source)g(will)e -(pro)o(vide)h(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)d(the)i(w)o(ord,)f(in)216 -1079 y(a)j(cycle)g(of)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(DataW1)f(\(write)h(one)g(data)g(w)o -(ord\).)21 b(If)14 b(the)i(memory)c(is)j(unable)f(to)h(receiv)o(e)h(the)216 -1129 y(data,)e(it)g(resp)q(onds)i(Busy)f(at)f(the)h(end)g(of)f(the)h(cycle)g -(that)g(sends)g(W)m(ord)p 1372 1129 V 14 w(W)m(rite;)f(the)h(W)m(ord)p -1686 1129 V 14 w(W)m(rite)216 1178 y(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(rep)q(eated)h(later.)k -(Otherwise,)c(no)e(resp)q(onse)j(is)d(required:)20 b(the)15 -b(memory)e(is)h(assumed)g(to)216 1228 y(ha)o(v)o(e)g(accepted)h(the)g -(address)g(and)f(data.)0 1314 y(Line)p 81 1314 V 15 w(W)m(rite)216 -1382 y(W)m(rite)e(a)g(line)g(\(eigh)o(t)g(consecutiv)o(e)i(36{bit)d(w)o(ords) -h(on)h(an)f(8{w)o(ord)f(b)q(oundary\))i(to)f(a)g(target)h(device.)216 -1431 y(\(N.b,)g(not)g(all)e(devices)k(supp)q(ort)e(Line)p 827 -1431 V 15 w(W)m(rite;)g(sp)q(eci\014cally)m(,)f(a)h(memory)e(device)i(will)f -(supp)q(ort)i(this)216 1481 y(cycle)19 b(t)o(yp)q(e.\))33 b(The)19 -b(source)h(device)g(will)d(place)i(the)g(target)g(device)h(slot)e(n)o(um)o(b) -q(er)g(and)g(the)i(in{)216 1531 y(mo)q(dule)15 b(address)j(on)e(the)h(bus)g -(and)f(p)q(erform)g(a)g(cycle)h(of)f(t)o(yp)q(e)h(Line)p 1341 -1531 V 15 w(W)m(rite.)25 b(On)17 b(the)g(follo)o(wing)216 1581 -y(four)e(cycles,)i(the)f(source)g(will)e(pro)o(vide)h(a)h(pair)e(of)h(w)o -(ords)h(on)f(eac)o(h)h(cycle,)g(along)e(with)h(the)h(cycle)216 -1631 y(t)o(yp)q(e)d(DataW2)d(\(write)j(t)o(w)o(o)e(data)h(w)o(ords\).)18 -b(If)11 b(the)i(target)f(device)h(\(memory\))d(is)i(unable)g(to)g(receiv)o(e) -216 1680 y(the)k(data,)g(it)f(resp)q(onds)i(Busy)g(at)e(the)i(end)f(of)f(the) -h(Line)p 1131 1680 V 15 w(W)m(rite)g(cycle;)h(in)e(this)h(case,)g(the)h -(source)216 1730 y(will)12 b(ha)o(v)o(e)g(to)h(retry)h(the)f(Line)p -691 1730 V 15 w(W)m(rite.)18 b(Otherwise,)c(no)e(resp)q(onse)j(is)e(exp)q -(ected.)20 b(The)13 b(address)h(sen)o(t)216 1780 y(in)h(the)h(Line)p -420 1780 V 15 w(W)m(rite)e(cycle)i(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)i(a)f(m)o(ultiple)e(of)i -(8.)21 b(Data)15 b(w)o(ords)g(with)g(lo)o(w{order)g(addresses)216 -1830 y(0)g(and)g(1)g(are)g(sen)o(t)h(on)f(the)h(\014rst)g(DataW2)e(cycle;)i -(these)g(are)g(follo)o(w)o(ed)e(b)o(y)g(addresses)k(2)d(and)g(3,)f(4)216 -1880 y(and)g(5,)f(and)h(6)f(and)h(7)g(in)f(the)h(next)h(three)g(DataW2)e -(cycles.)0 1965 y(LongW)m(ord)p 193 1965 V 14 w(W)m(rite)216 -2033 y(W)m(rite)i(one)g(longw)o(ord)f(\(a)h(pair)f(of)h(w)o(ords)g(at)g(an)f -(ev)o(en)i(address\).)23 b(The)15 b(source)h(device)g(will)e(place)216 -2083 y(the)i(target)g(device)g(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(and)i(an)f(ev)o(en)h -(in{mo)q(dule)d(address)k(on)e(the)i(bus)e(and)h(p)q(erform)216 -2133 y(a)e(cycle)h(of)e(t)o(yp)q(e)i(LongW)m(ord)p 688 2133 -V 14 w(W)m(rite.)j(On)c(the)h(follo)o(wing)c(cycle,)k(the)f(source)i(device)f -(will)d(pro)o(vide)216 2182 y(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(a)g(double)h(w)o -(ord,)f(in)g(a)h(cycle)g(of)f(t)o(yp)q(e)h(DataW2)f(\(write)h(t)o(w)o(o)f -(data)g(w)o(ords\).)18 b(If)12 b(the)216 2232 y(target)i(is)f(unable)h(to)f -(receiv)o(e)i(the)f(data,)f(it)g(resp)q(onds)i(Busy)f(at)g(the)g(end)g(of)f -(the)h(cycle)g(that)g(sends)216 2282 y(LongW)m(ord)p 409 2282 -V 14 w(W)m(rite;)e(in)h(this)h(case,)g(the)g(LongW)m(ord)p -1039 2282 V 14 w(W)m(rite)e(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)h(rep)q(eated)h(later.)j -(Otherwise,)216 2332 y(no)c(resp)q(onse)i(is)d(required:)19 -b(the)c(target)f(is)g(assumed)f(to)h(ha)o(v)o(e)g(accepted)h(the)g(address)g -(and)f(data.)0 2417 y(Device)p 122 2417 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)216 -2485 y(Send)k(con)o(trol)e(information)e(to)j(a)g(device.)28 -b(The)17 b(source)h(device)g(places)g(the)f(target)g(device)h(slot)216 -2535 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)c(and)g(a)g(con)o(trol)g(register)i(address)g(\(i.e.,) -d(the)i(target's)g(in{mo)q(dule)d(address\))k(on)e(the)i(bus)p -0 2572 720 2 v 0 2610 a Fl(to)11 b(the)g(cen)o(tral)f(arbiter.)p -eop -%%Page: 201 5 -201 4 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.1.)31 b(TO)o(AD)373 46 y(-)385 50 y(1)13 -b(SYSTEM)i(BA)o(CKPLANE)g(BUS)918 b FC(201)366 195 y(and)17 -b(p)q(erforms)f(a)h(cycle)g(of)f(t)o(yp)q(e)i(Device)p 1038 -195 13 2 v 15 w(Con)o(trol.)26 b(If)16 b(the)i(target)f(device)h(is)e(unable) -h(to)g(accept)366 245 y(a)d(con)o(trol)h(command)d(at)i(this)h(time,)e(it)h -(resp)q(onds)j(Busy)m(,)d(in)g(whic)o(h)h(case)h(the)f(source)h(device)f -(will)366 295 y(ha)o(v)o(e)i(to)f(rep)q(eat)i(the)g(Device)p -846 295 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)e(function.)26 b(Otherwise,)19 b(the)e(source)h(p)q -(erforms)e(a)h(second)366 345 y(cycle)e(of)e(t)o(yp)q(e)h(DataW1,)f(in)g -(whic)o(h)h(the)g(desired)h(con)o(trol)f(information)d(is)j(placed)g(on)f -(the)i(bus.)150 430 y(In)o(terrupt)366 498 y(Mak)o(e)d(or)h(withdra)o(w)e(a)h -(request)i(for)e(an)g(in)o(terrupt.)18 b(The)13 b(source)h(device)f(places)g -(the)f(target)h(device)366 548 y(address,)k(the)f(desired)g(priorit)o(y)f -(lev)o(el,)g(and)g(an)h(indicator)f(for)g(\\Mak)o(e")g(or)g(\\Withdra)o(w")f -(on)h(the)366 597 y(bus)c(and)g(p)q(erforms)g(a)f(cycle)i(of)e(t)o(yp)q(e)i -(In)o(terrupt.)18 b(If)10 b(the)i(target)f(device)h(resp)q(onds)h(Busy)e(at)g -(the)g(end)366 647 y(of)j(the)i(In)o(terrupt)f(cycle,)h(the)f(source)h -(device)g(m)o(ust)d(rep)q(eat)j(the)g(In)o(terrupt)g(cycle.)21 -b(Otherwise,)16 b(if)366 697 y(this)c(is)f(a)g(\\Mak)o(e")g(request,)i(the)f -(target)g(device)h(is)e(obliged)g(to)g(attend)h(to)f(the)i(in)o(terrupting)e -(device)366 747 y(\(at)h(some)g(future)g(time\);)f(if)h(this)g(is)g(a)g -(\\Withdra)o(w")f(request,)j(the)e(target)h(device)g(will)e(understand)366 -797 y(that)j(a)g(previously)f(requested)j(in)o(terrupt)f(has)f(no)o(w)f(b)q -(een)i(satis\014ed.)150 949 y Fy(3.1.2)55 b(Request{and{Return)17 -b(T)-5 b(ransactions)150 1061 y FC(These)14 b(are)f(the)g(seman)o(tic)f -(transactions)h(that)g(require)h(t)o(w)o(o)e(bus)h(transactions.)18 -b(They)13 b(b)q(egin)g(when)g(one)g(device)150 1111 y(mak)o(es)i(a)h(request) -h(to)f(another;)i(they)e(end)h(when)f(the)h(second)g(device)g(resp)q(onds)h -(\(i.e.,)d(returns)j(information\))150 1161 y(to)13 b(the)i(\014rst.)j(After) -d(a)e(request)i(transaction)f(and)f(b)q(efore)i(the)f(corresp)q(onding)h -(return)f(transaction,)g(the)g(bus)g(is)150 1210 y(a)o(v)n(ailable)8 -b(for)i(other)h(transactions.)18 b(In)10 b(the)h(explanation)e(that)i(follo)o -(ws,)e(the)i(request{and{return)h(transactions)150 1260 y(are)17 -b(presen)o(ted)i(in)d(pairs.)26 b(That)16 b(is,)h(W)m(ord)p -853 1260 V 14 w(Read)p 960 1260 V 15 w(Request)g(is)g(matc)o(hed)f(b)o(y)g(W) -m(ord)p 1511 1260 V 14 w(Read)p 1618 1260 V 15 w(Return,)h(etc.)28 -b(The)150 1310 y(return)14 b(transaction)g(is)f(accomplished)f(b)o(y)h(a)g -(cycle)h(of)e(t)o(yp)q(e)i(DataR1)e(or)h(b)o(y)g(cycles)h(of)f(the)g(DataR2)f -(t)o(yp)q(e.)19 b(The)150 1360 y(name)c(of)g(the)i(bus)f(cycle)h(sp)q -(eci\014es)h(particular)e(signals)f(on)h(the)g(bac)o(kplane)g(bus;)h(the)g -(name)e(of)g(the)i(seman)o(tic)150 1410 y(transaction)d(denotes)h(the)g -(meaning)d(of)h(the)i(particular)e(bus)i(cycle)f(or)g(cycles.)150 -1477 y(W)m(ord)p 252 1477 V 14 w(Read)p 359 1477 V 15 w(Request)366 -1545 y(Request)19 b(that)e(a)h(w)o(ord)f(b)q(e)i(read)f(from)e(the)i(target)g -(device.)31 b(The)18 b(source)h(device)f(will)e(put)i(the)366 -1595 y(target)d(device)g(and)e(its)i(in{mo)q(dule)d(address)j(on)f(the)h(bus) -f(and)g(p)q(erform)f(a)h(W)m(ord)p 1685 1595 V 14 w(Read)p -1792 1595 V 15 w(Request)366 1645 y(cycle.)k(If)10 b(the)h(target)g(device)g -(resp)q(onds)h(Busy)f(at)g(the)g(end)g(of)e(the)j(W)m(ord)p -1506 1645 V 14 w(Read)p 1613 1645 V 15 w(Request)f(cycle,)g(the)366 -1694 y(source)16 b(m)o(ust)d(rep)q(eat)j(the)f(W)m(ord)p 900 -1694 V 14 w(Read)p 1007 1694 V 15 w(Request.)20 b(Otherwise,)c(the)f(source)g -(device)g(ma)o(y)e(exp)q(ect,)366 1744 y(in)h(due)g(course,)h(to)e(b)q(e)i -(the)f(target)h(of)e(a)h(W)m(ord)p 1117 1744 V 14 w(Read)p -1224 1744 V 15 w(Return)g(transaction.)150 1830 y(W)m(ord)p -252 1830 V 14 w(Read)p 359 1830 V 15 w(Return)366 1898 y(T)m(ransmit)c(a)h(w) -o(ord)g(from)f(a)h(device)h(\(memory\))e(in)h(resp)q(onse)i(to)f(a)f -(previous)h(W)m(ord)p 1674 1898 V 14 w(Read)p 1781 1898 V 15 -w(Request.)366 1947 y(The)17 b(device)g(will)e(target)i(the)g(original)e -(source)i(device,)h(place)f(the)g(data)f(w)o(ord)g(on)g(the)h(bus)g(and)366 -1997 y(p)q(erform)h(a)h(cycle)g(of)f(t)o(yp)q(e)i(DataR1)d(\(read)j(one)f -(data)f(w)o(ord\).)33 b(If)18 b(the)i(requested)h(w)o(ord)d(has)h(a)366 -2047 y(parit)o(y)13 b(error,)h(the)h(error)f(will)e(b)q(e)j(signalled)d(b)o -(y)i(putting)f(a)g(1)h(on)f(the)h(MISC[7])f(line.)k(Although)c(it)366 -2097 y(is)h(generally)g(bad)f(form)g(for)g(the)i(target)g(to)e(resp)q(ond)j -(Busy)e(at)g(the)h(end)f(of)g(the)g(DataR1)f(cycle,)h(it)366 -2147 y(ma)o(y)e(do)i(so,)f(in)h(whic)o(h)f(case)i(the)g(source)g(m)o(ust)e -(rep)q(eat)i(the)f(DataR1)f(cycle.)150 2232 y(Line)p 231 2232 -V 15 w(Read)p 339 2232 V 15 w(Request)366 2300 y(Request)18 -b(that)f(a)g(line)f(\(eigh)o(t)h(consecutiv)o(e)i(36{bit)d(w)o(ords)h(on)g -(an)f(8{w)o(ord)h(b)q(oundary\))g(b)q(e)g(read)366 2350 y(from)e(the)i -(target)g(device.)26 b(The)17 b(source)h(device)f(will)e(put)i(the)g(target)g -(device)g(slot)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(and)366 2399 y(its)e(in{mo)q(dule)d -(address)k(on)f(the)g(bus)g(and)g(p)q(erform)f(a)g(Line)p 1331 -2399 V 15 w(Read)p 1439 2399 V 15 w(Request)h(cycle.)19 b(If)13 -b(the)h(target)366 2449 y(device)f(resp)q(onds)g(Busy)f(at)g(the)g(end)g(of)f -(the)h(Line)p 1151 2449 V 15 w(Read)p 1259 2449 V 15 w(Request)h(cycle,)f -(the)g(source)h(m)o(ust)e(rep)q(eat)366 2499 y(the)18 b(cylce.)31 -b(Otherwise,)20 b(the)e(source)h(device)g(ma)o(y)c(exp)q(ect)20 -b(a)d(Line)p 1469 2499 V 15 w(Read)p 1577 2499 V 15 w(Return)h(transaction.) -366 2549 y(Bits)c(33{34)f(of)g(the)i(giv)o(en)e(address)i(sp)q(ecify)g(whic)o -(h)f(pair)f(of)g(w)o(ords)h(to)g(return)h(\014rst.)p eop -%%Page: 202 6 -202 5 bop 0 50 a FC(202)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FC(Line)p 81 -195 13 2 v 15 w(Read)p 189 195 V 15 w(Return)216 263 y(T)m(ransmit)e(a)i -(line)f(\(eigh)o(t)h(consecutiv)o(e)h(36{bit)e(w)o(ords)i(on)e(an)h(8{w)o -(ord)f(b)q(oundary\))h(from)f(a)g(device)216 313 y(\(memory\))18 -b(in)h(resp)q(onse)j(to)e(a)f(previous)i(Line)p 993 313 V 15 -w(Read)p 1101 313 V 14 w(Request.)37 b(The)21 b(device)g(will)d(target)i(the) -216 362 y(original)15 b(source)j(device,)g(place)e(the)i(\014rst)f(t)o(w)o(o) -f(data)h(w)o(ords)g(on)f(the)h(bus,)h(place)f(the)g(line)f(index)216 -412 y(\(corresp)q(onding)i(to)e(bits)h(33{34)e(of)h(the)i(address\))g(on)e -(the)h(bus)h(in)e(MISC[1{2],)f(and)h(p)q(erform)g(a)216 462 -y(cycle)e(of)f(t)o(yp)q(e)h(DataR2)e(\(read)i(t)o(w)o(o)f(data)g(w)o(ords\).) -18 b(If)13 b(either)h(w)o(ord)g(has)f(a)g(parit)o(y)g(error,)h(that)f(will) -216 512 y(b)q(e)i(signalled)e(b)o(y)h(putting)g(a)g(1)f(on)h(the)h(MISC[7])e -(line.)1090 497 y Fn(3)1127 512 y FC(Although)g(it)h(is)g(generally)g(bad)g -(form)e(for)216 562 y(the)j(target)f(to)g(resp)q(ond)h(Busy)m(,)f(it)g(ma)o -(y)e(do)i(so)g(at)g(the)h(end)f(of)g(the)g(\014rst)h(DataR2)e(cycle,)h(in)g -(whic)o(h)216 611 y(case)g(the)f(source)g(m)o(ust)f(rep)q(eat)i(the)f(DataR2) -e(cycle.)18 b(Otherwise,)c(the)f(source)h(device)f(will)e(use)i(the)216 -661 y(next)18 b(three)g(cycles)g(\(also)f(of)f(t)o(yp)q(e)i(\\DataR2"\))d(to) -i(complete)f(the)i(transmission)e(of)g(the)i(line)f(of)216 -711 y(data.)g(The)c(line)g(index)f(is)h(incremen)o(ted)f(\(mo)q(dulo)f(4\))i -(in)f(eac)o(h)h(of)f(the)h(cycles)h(to)e(e\013ectiv)o(ely)i(coun)o(t)216 -761 y(through)g(the)h(four)e(double)h(w)o(ord)g(addresses)i(in)d(the)i(line.) -0 846 y(LongW)m(ord)p 193 846 V 14 w(Read)p 300 846 V 15 w(Request)216 -914 y(Initiate)d(the)i(read)f(of)f(a)h(longw)o(ord)f(\(t)o(w)o(o)g(w)o -(ords\).)18 b(The)c(initiating)c(device)k(\(the)g(source)g(device)f(for)216 -964 y(this)f(cycle\))i(will)c(place)j(the)g(target)g(device)g(slot)f(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)f(and)h(the)h(\(ev)o(en\))g(in{mo)q(dule)e(address)i(on)216 -1014 y(the)h(bus)f(and)g(p)q(erform)f(a)h(cycle)g(of)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(LongW)m -(ord)p 1065 1014 V 14 w(Read)p 1172 1014 V 15 w(Request.)18 -b(After)c(a)f(v)n(ariable)f(dela)o(y)g(to)216 1064 y(retreiv)o(e)i(the)g -(requested)h(data,)e(the)g(target)h(device,)f(no)o(w)g(acting)g(as)g(a)f -(source,)j(will)c(resp)q(ond)j(with)216 1113 y(a)g(cycle)g(of)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g -(DataR2)e(\(return)k(doublew)o(ord\),)d(as)h(explained)g(in)f(LongW)m(ord)p -1520 1113 V 14 w(Read)p 1627 1113 V 15 w(Return.)0 1199 y(LongW)m(ord)p -193 1199 V 14 w(Read)p 300 1199 V 15 w(Return)216 1267 y(T)m(ransmit)e(a)i -(longw)o(ord)e(in)i(one)g(bus)g(cycle)h(from)d(a)h(device)i(\(memory\))c(in)j -(resp)q(onse)h(to)f(a)g(previous)216 1316 y(LongW)m(ord)p 409 -1316 V 14 w(Read)p 516 1316 V 15 w(Request.)k(The)11 b(transmitting)e(device) -j(will)d(target)i(the)g(original)e(source)j(device,)216 1366 -y(place)f(the)h(data)f(longw)o(ord)f(on)h(the)g(bus)h(and)f(p)q(erform)f(a)h -(cycle)h(of)e(t)o(yp)q(e)i(DataR2)d(\(return)k(t)o(w)o(o)d(data)216 -1416 y(w)o(ords\).)25 b(If)16 b(either)h(of)f(the)h(requested)h(w)o(ords)e -(has)h(a)f(parit)o(y)f(error,)i(the)g(error)g(will)e(b)q(e)i(signalled)216 -1466 y(b)o(y)d(putting)g(a)g(1)g(on)g(the)g(MISC[7])g(line.)k(Although)c(it)f -(is)i(generally)e(bad)h(form)f(for)h(the)g(target)h(to)216 -1516 y(resp)q(ond)j(Busy)f(at)f(the)h(end)g(of)f(the)h(DataR2)e(cycle,)i(it)f -(ma)o(y)e(do)i(so,)h(in)f(whic)o(h)g(case)i(the)f(source)216 -1566 y(m)o(ust)c(rep)q(eat)i(the)g(LongW)m(ord)p 712 1566 V -13 w(Read)p 818 1566 V 15 w(Return)f(transaction.)0 1651 y(Device)p -122 1651 V 15 w(Status)p 252 1651 V 16 w(Request)216 1719 y(Request)f(that)e -(a)g(w)o(ord)h(of)f(status)h(b)q(e)g(read)g(from)e(a)h(device.)18 -b(The)12 b(source)h(device)f(places)g(the)g(target)216 1769 -y(device)18 b(and)f(the)h(address)h(of)e(its)g(status)h(register)h(\(i.e.,)d -(in{mo)q(dule)g(address\))i(on)f(the)h(bus)g(and)216 1818 y(p)q(erforms)9 -b(a)h(cycle)g(of)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(Device)p 769 1818 V 15 w(Status)p -899 1818 V 16 w(Request.)17 b(If)10 b(the)g(target)g(resp)q(onds)i(Busy)e(at) -g(the)g(end)h(of)216 1868 y(the)g(Device)p 406 1868 V 16 w(Status)p -537 1868 V 15 w(Request)g(cycle,)h(the)f(source)h(m)o(ust)d(rep)q(eat)j(the)f -(cycle.)17 b(Otherwise,)12 b(the)f(target)216 1918 y(device)k(is)f(exp)q -(ected)h(to)f(resp)q(ond)h(\(ev)o(en)o(tually\))f(with)f(a)h(Device)p -1245 1918 V 15 w(Status)p 1375 1918 V 16 w(Return)g(transaction.)0 -2004 y(Device)p 122 2004 V 15 w(Status)p 252 2004 V 16 w(Return)216 -2071 y(The)i(previously)g(requested)i(status)f(is)e(returned.)26 -b(The)16 b(source)i(device)e(\(the)h(target)f(of)f(a)h(previ-)216 -2121 y(ous)h(Device)p 415 2121 V 16 w(Status)p 546 2121 V 15 -w(Request)h(command\))c(names)i(the)i(original)d(requestor)j(\(the)g(source)g -(of)e(the)216 2171 y(previous)f(Device)p 504 2171 V 16 w(Status)p -635 2171 V 15 w(Request\))h(as)g(the)f(target)h(of)e(this)h(cycle.)23 -b(The)15 b(requested)i(data)e(is)g(put)216 2221 y(on)f(the)g(bus)g(and)g(a)f -(cycle)h(of)f(t)o(yp)q(e)i(DataR1)d(is)h(p)q(erformed.)18 b(The)c(MISC[7])f -(line)g(\(parit)o(y)g(error\))i(is)216 2271 y(driv)o(en)g(to)f(logic)g(0)g(b) -o(y)h(the)g(source)h(device)f(\(no)g(error\).)21 b(Although)14 -b(it)g(is)h(generally)f(bad)g(form)f(for)216 2320 y(the)h(target)h(to)e(resp) -q(ond)i(Busy)g(at)e(the)i(end)f(of)f(the)h(DataR1)f(cycle,)h(it)f(ma)o(y)f -(do)i(so,)f(in)g(whic)o(h)h(case)216 2370 y(the)h(Device)f(Status)g(Return)h -(transaction)f(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(rep)q(eated.)p 0 2405 720 -2 v 46 2432 a Fm(3)64 2443 y Fl(F)m(urther)9 b(information)g(ab)q(out)h -(parit)o(y)f(errors)i(can)f(b)q(e)h(obtained)f(b)o(y)h(a)g(Device)f(Status)g -(Request)g(to)h(the)g(memory)e(\()p Fh(x)p Fl(3.11\).)p eop -%%Page: 203 7 -203 6 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.1.)31 b(TO)o(AD)373 46 y(-)385 50 y(1)13 -b(SYSTEM)i(BA)o(CKPLANE)g(BUS)918 b FC(203)674 230 y Fy(Figure)18 -b(3.1:)24 b(Bus)19 b(Address)g(W)-5 b(ord)p 150 421 1495 2 -v 149 420 2 100 v 150 322 1495 2 v 1644 420 2 100 v 274 433 -2 13 v 398 433 V 523 433 V 647 433 V 772 433 V 896 441 2 21 -v 1021 433 2 13 v 1145 433 V 1270 433 V 1394 433 V 1519 433 -V 162 451 a Fn(0)p 191 420 2 100 v -17 w(0)p 149 420 V 151 -385 a Fx(D)246 451 y Fn(2)p 274 420 V -59 w(1)p 191 420 V 191 -w(6)p 440 420 V -142 w(3)p 274 420 V 323 364 a Fx(Slot)287 -406 y(Numb)n(er)1607 451 y Fn(35)p 1644 420 V -1188 w(7)p 440 -420 V 870 385 a Fx(In{Mo)n(dule)16 b(A)n(ddr)n(ess)150 628 -y Fy(3.1.3)55 b(Sp)r(ecial)18 b(Bus)g(F)-5 b(unctions)150 740 -y FC(The)17 b(bus)f(carries)h(the)g(\\Reset")g(signal)e(to)h(all)e(mo)q -(dules.)24 b(The)17 b(assertion)f(of)g(Reset)h(will)e(stop)h(or)g(prev)o(en)o -(t)h(all)150 790 y(manner)c(of)h(activit)o(y)f(on)h(ev)o(ery)g(mo)q(dule.)k -(The)c(remo)o(v)n(al)e(of)h(Reset)i(will)e(force)h(ev)o(ery)h(mo)q(dule)e(to) -h(its)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er{up)150 840 y(state.)21 b(The)15 b(TO)o(AD)482 -836 y(-)494 840 y(1)f(System)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)h(system)g(is)f(arranged)h(to)g -(assert)h(Reset)f(for)f(sev)o(eral)h(seconds)i(follo)o(wing)150 -890 y(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)d(turn{on)h(so)f(that)g(the)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)f(supplies) -h(can)f(reac)o(h)h(stable)f(lev)o(els)g(b)q(efore)h(an)o(y)f(mo)q(dule)f -(commences)g(its)150 940 y(p)q(o)o(w)o(er{up)h(sequencing.)150 -1025 y(The)f(bus)h(carries)f(the)h(\\PF)m(ail")d(signal)h(to)g(all)g(mo)q -(dules.)k(This)d(signal)f(is)g(asserted)j(when)e(the)h(A)o(C)f(p)q(o)o(w)o -(er)g(to)f(the)150 1075 y(system)j(is)h(insu\016cien)o(t)f(for)h(con)o(tin)o -(ued)g(op)q(eration.)23 b(The)16 b(PF)m(ail)e(signal)g(is)i(also)f(asserted)i -(if)e(the)h(temp)q(erature)150 1125 y(in)h(the)h(card)f(cage)h(exceeds)h(the) -f(Thermal)e(W)m(arning)g(limit.)26 b(\(A)o(t)17 b(the)h(sligh)o(tly)e(higher) -h(Thermal)f(Sh)o(utdo)o(wn)150 1175 y(temp)q(erature,)f(the)h(DC)f(p)q(o)o(w) -o(er)g(is)g(remo)o(v)o(ed.\))20 b(Soft)o(w)o(are/Firm)o(w)o(are)13 -b(in)h(all)g(mo)q(dules)g(will)f(b)q(egin)i(their)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)150 -1224 y(fail)c(sequences)17 b(in)c(resp)q(onse)j(to)e(PF)m(ail.)150 -1310 y(The)i(\\Need)g(DC")e(signal)g(on)h(the)h(bus)g(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)j -(asserted)h(b)o(y)e(an)o(y)f(device)i(on)f(the)h(bac)o(kplane.)22 -b(The)15 b(presence)150 1360 y(of)f(\\Need)i(DC")e(informs)f(the)i(p)q(o)o(w) -o(er)g(con)o(troller)f(that)h(one)g(or)g(more)e(devices)j(still)e(needs)i(p)q -(o)o(w)o(er)f(to)g(complete)150 1410 y(its)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)g(fail)e -(sequence.)23 b(When)14 b(no)h(device)g(is)g(asserting)g(\\Need)h(DC",)e(the) -h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)g(con)o(troller)g(will)e(turn)i(o\013)150 -1459 y(all)e(system)h(DC)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er,)g(th)o(us)h(conserving)g(the)g -(battery)g(life.)j(\\Need)d(DC")f(can)h(b)q(e)f(asserted)j(b)o(y)d(the)h(CPU) -f(b)o(y)150 1509 y(using)g(the)g Fv(W)o(CTRLF)g FC(instruction.)150 -1595 y(The)e(\\System)f(Activ)o(e")h(signal)f(on)h(the)g(bus)g(ma)o(y)e(b)q -(e)i(asserted)i(b)o(y)e(an)o(y)f(device)i(on)e(the)i(bac)o(kplane,)e(though)h -(it)f(is)150 1645 y(customary)h(for)h(the)h(CPU)g(to)f(con)o(trol)g(it.)k -(When)d(asserted)h(brie\015y)m(,)e(the)g(\\System)g(Activ)o(e")g(signal)f -(sets)j(a)e(one{)150 1694 y(shot,)j(whic)o(h)f(resets)j(itself)d(after)h(a)f -(15)g(ms)f(dela)o(y)m(.)22 b(While)15 b(set,)i(the)f(one{shot)g(turns)g(on)f -(the)h(y)o(ello)o(w)f(\\System)150 1744 y(Activ)o(e")k(ligh)o(t)f(on)h(the)g -(fron)o(t)g(panel.)33 b(The)19 b Fv(W)o(CTRLF)g FC(instruction)g(is)g(pro)o -(vided)g(to)g(trigger)g(the)g(one{shot.)150 1794 y(During)d(normal)f(system)i -(op)q(eration,)h(the)f(op)q(erating)g(system)g(will)f(attempt)g(to)h(k)o(eep) -h(the)g(System)e(Activit)o(y)150 1844 y(ligh)o(t)d(on)g(b)o(y)h(p)q(erio)q -(dically)f(executing)i(this)f(instruction.)150 1996 y Fy(3.1.4)55 -b(XKL)444 1992 y(-)460 1996 y(1)18 b(Bus)h(Op)r(eration)f(Instructions)150 -2108 y FC(The)e(XKL)328 2104 y(-)340 2108 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)j(do)q(es)e(not) -f(use)i(traditional)d(input{output)h(instructions.)23 b(T)m(o)15 -b(a\013ect)h(devices)h(on)e(the)150 2158 y(bac)o(kplane)g(bus,)g(the)h(pro)q -(cessor)h(has)e(t)o(w)o(o)g(instructions)h(that)f(are)h(describ)q(ed)g(b)q -(elo)o(w.)22 b(These)16 b(instructions)g(all)150 2208 y(b)q(egin)d(b)o(y)f -(computing)f Fx(E)18 b FC(in)12 b(the)i(usual)e(w)o(a)o(y)g(and)h(then)g -(reading)f(the)i Fx(bus)g(addr)n(ess)g(wor)n(d)i FC(\(BA)-5 -b(W\))14 b(con)o(tained)e(in)150 2258 y Fx(E)5 b FC(.)18 b(A)c(bus)g(address) -i(w)o(ord)d(has)h(the)h(format)d(depicted)j(in)e(Figure)h(3.1.)150 -2343 y(The)g(signi\014cance)h(of)e(the)h(\014elds)h(in)e(the)i(bus)f(address) -h(w)o(ord)f(is)g(as)g(follo)o(ws:)150 2411 y Fx(D)212 b Fu(BA\045DEV==:1B0)39 -b FC(The)10 b(\\device")g(bit.)16 b(When)10 b(set)g(to)g(1,)f(this)h(bit)f -(signi\014es)h(that)f(the)h(\\Device)g(Sta-)393 2461 y(tus)j(Request")h(and)e -(\\Device)h(Con)o(trol")f(bus)h(cycles)h(will)e(b)q(e)h(used)h(b)o(y)e -Fv(PMO)o(VE)g FC(and)g Fv(PMO)o(VEM)p FC(,)393 2510 y(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely;)j -(in)e(other)i(w)o(ords,)f(the)g(device)h(will)d(b)q(e)j(treated)g(as)f(an)g -(IO)g(device.)19 b(When)14 b Fx(D)k FC(is)c(0,)393 2560 y(the)g(bus)g(cycle)g -(t)o(yp)q(es)g(\\W)m(ord)f(Read)g(Request")h(and)g(\\W)m(ord)e(W)m(rite")h -(will)f(b)q(e)i(used)g(b)o(y)f Fv(PMO)o(VE)393 2610 y FC(and)h -Fv(PMO)o(VEM)p FC(,)e(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely;)j(that)f(is,)f(the)i(device)f(will) -f(b)q(e)h(treated)h(as)f(memory)m(.)p eop -%%Page: 204 8 -204 7 bop 0 50 a FC(204)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y Fx(Slot)0 245 -y(Numb)n(er)243 195 y Fu(BA\045SLT==:17B6)39 b FC(The)16 b(ph)o(ysical)e -(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(the)h(device)g(b)q(eing)f(addressed.)24 -b(Slot)15 b(n)o(um-)243 245 y(b)q(ers)k(in)e(the)h(range)g(1{17)f(\(o)q -(ctal\))g(are)h(allo)o(w)o(ed.)28 b(Slot)17 b(0)g(do)q(es)i(not)e(exist.)30 -b(\(When)17 b(the)i(CPU)243 295 y(references)j(slot)d(0,)g(it)g(gets)h(the)g -(CPU's)f(priv)n(ate)g(R)o(OM.\))f(The)i(initial)d(con\014guration)i(of)f(the) -243 345 y(TO)o(AD)369 341 y(-)381 345 y(1)13 b(System)h(pro)o(vides)g(just)g -(sev)o(en)h(bac)o(kplane)f(slots,)f(1{7.)0 440 y Fx(In{Mo)n(dule)0 -490 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)243 440 y Fu(BA\045IMA==:37777777)o(77)39 -b FC(The)23 b(29{bit)e(in{slot)h(ph)o(ysical)g(address)h(of)f(the)h(lo)q -(cation)f(to)g(b)q(e)243 490 y(a\013ected.)0 603 y(In)10 b(addition)f(to)h -(the)h(t)o(w)o(o)e(instructions)i(presen)o(ted)h(here,)g(ordinary)d -(instructions)i(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)j(used)g(to)f(a\013ect)h(devices)0 -653 y(b)o(y)j(creating)g(an)g(appropriate)f(pager)i(mapping.)0 -739 y(The)f(instructions)h(to)f(a\013ect)g(devices)i(are)e(these)h(t)o(w)o -(o:)p 0 979 1495 4 v 0 905 V -2 978 4 75 v 1493 978 V 538 978 -V 579 978 V 746 978 V 12 1009 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 955 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1009 -y Fl(8)p 372 978 V 24 w(9)441 955 y Fx(A)0 871 y Fi(PMO)n(VE)141 -b(Physical)20 b(Move)f(from)e(Memo)n(ry)h(o)n(r)h(Device)156 -954 y FC(704)0 1105 y(Read)d(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(a)g(memory)f(lo)q -(cation)h(or)g(its)h(cac)o(hed)h(represen)o(tation,)g(or)f(read)g(a)g(device) -g(register,)h(to)0 1155 y(A)o(C,)c(b)o(ypassing)h(the)g(pager.)0 -1240 y(Using)g(the)g(cac)o(he)h(and)f(pager)g(as)g(usual,)f(compute)g -Fx(E)19 b FC(and)14 b(read)g(a)g(bus)g(address)h(w)o(ord)f(at)g(lo)q(cation)f -Fx(E)5 b FC(.)0 1326 y(The)14 b(giv)o(en)g(bus)g(address)h(is)f(cac)o(heable) -h(if)e(all)f(of)i(the)g(follo)o(wing)d(are)k(true:)62 1445 -y FA(\017)21 b Fx(D)d FC(is)c(zero)g(in)g(the)g(bus)h(address)g(w)o(ord,)e -(and)62 1529 y FA(\017)21 b FC(the)14 b(pager)g(is)g(on,)f(and)62 -1613 y FA(\017)21 b FC(the)14 b(CST)g(base)h(address)g(is)f(not)f(zero,)i -(and)62 1697 y FA(\017)21 b FC(the)14 b(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(in)h(the)g -(bus)g(address)i(w)o(ord)d(corresp)q(onds)j(to)e(a)f(memory)m(,)e(and)62 -1782 y FA(\017)21 b FC(the)14 b(CST)g(en)o(try)h(for)e(the)i(page)f(con)o -(taining)e(this)i(address)h(sp)q(eci\014es)h(that)e(the)h(page)e(is)h(cac)o -(heable.)0 1901 y(P)o(erform)j(one)h(of)f(the)i(actions)e(describ)q(ed)j(b)q -(elo)o(w,)e(dep)q(ending)g(on)g(whether)h(or)f(not)g(the)g(giv)o(en)f(bus)i -(address)0 1950 y(corresp)q(onds)d(to)e(a)f(cac)o(heable)i(memory)c(page:)62 -2077 y FA(\017)21 b FC(If)12 b(the)h(giv)o(en)f(bus)i(address)f(is)g(cac)o -(heable,)g(read)g(the)g(cac)o(hed)h(represen)o(tation)g(of)e(the)i(giv)o(en)e -(address)i(from)104 2127 y(the)k(cac)o(he)g(and)f(store)h(the)g(data)f(in)f -(A)o(C.)h(If)g(the)h(cac)o(he)g(do)q(es)g(not)f(already)g(con)o(tain)f(a)h -(represen)o(tation)104 2177 y(of)d(this)h(address,)h(load)e(the)h(cac)o(he)h -(with)f(the)g(memory)e(line)h(that)h(includes)h(this)f(address)h(and)e(cop)o -(y)h(the)104 2227 y(selected)h(w)o(ord)d(to)h(A)o(C.)62 2310 -y FA(\017)21 b FC(If)c(the)g(giv)o(en)g(bus)h(address)g(is)f(not)g(cac)o -(heable,)h(transmit)e(the)i(bus)g(address)g(w)o(ord)f(on)g(the)h(bac)o -(kplane.)104 2360 y(If)d Fx(D)g FC(is)g(zero,)h(use)g(a)e(W)m(ord)p -547 2360 13 2 v 15 w(Read)p 655 2360 V 14 w(Request)i(cycle;)g(if)f -Fx(D)k FC(is)c(one,)g(use)h(a)f(Device)p 1396 2360 V 15 w(Status)p -1526 2360 V 16 w(Request)h(cycle.)104 2409 y(A)i(normal)e(resp)q(onse)k(is)e -(a)g(bac)o(kplane)g(transaction)g(of)g(the)g(\\DataR1")f(t)o(yp)q(e;)j(the)f -(data)e(transmitted)104 2459 y(with)c(the)h(return)g(will)e(b)q(e)i(copied)f -(to)g(A)o(C.)g(If)g(the)h(giv)o(en)f(bus)g(address)i(do)q(es)f(not)f(matc)o -(h)f(an)o(y)h(device)h(or)f(a)104 2509 y(device's)h(in{mo)q(dule)d(address,)j -(there)h(will)d(b)q(e)i(no)f(resp)q(onse.)20 b(After)14 b(a)f(timeout,)e(the) -j(CPU)g(will)e(p)q(erform)104 2559 y(a)h(page)h(trap)g(in)g(whic)o(h)f(the)i -(page{failure)e(w)o(ord)h(will)e(indicate)i(a)f(bus)i(timeout.)p -eop -%%Page: 205 9 -205 8 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.1.)31 b(TO)o(AD)373 46 y(-)385 50 y(1)13 -b(SYSTEM)i(BA)o(CKPLANE)g(BUS)918 b FC(205)150 195 y(This)14 -b(data)h(mo)o(v)o(emen)o(t)d(p)q(ortion)i(of)g(this)g(instruction)h(b)o -(ypasses)h(the)f(pager.)21 b(No)14 b(up)q(date)h(to)g(the)g(CST)f(will)f(b)q -(e)150 245 y(p)q(erformed;)g(if)g(the)i(Monitor)e(requires)i(a)f(CST)g(up)q -(date,)g(it)f(m)o(ust)g(up)q(date)i(the)f(CST)g(itself.)150 -330 y(This)e(op)q(eration)f(guaran)o(tees)i(that)f(the)h(data)e(retriev)o(ed) -i(is)f(curren)o(t.)19 b(If)11 b(the)i(target)f(page)g(is)g(not)f(cac)o -(heable,)i(this)150 380 y(instruction)h(will)f(not)g(cause)i(data)f(to)g(app) -q(ear)g(in)f(the)i(cac)o(he.)p 150 629 1495 4 v 150 554 V 148 -628 4 75 v 1643 628 V 688 628 V 729 628 V 896 628 V 162 659 -a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 604 -y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 659 y Fl(8)p 522 628 V 24 w(9)591 -604 y Fx(A)150 521 y Fi(PMO)n(VEM)92 b(Physical)20 b(Move)f(to)g(Memo)n(ry)f -(o)n(r)g(Device)306 604 y FC(705)150 755 y(W)m(rite)11 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o -(ts)g(of)f(A)o(C)g(to)g(memory)m(,)e(to)i(the)h(cac)o(hed)g(represen)o -(tation)h(of)d(memory)m(,)f(or)i(to)g(a)g(device)h(register,)150 -804 y(b)o(ypassing)i(the)g(pager.)150 890 y(Using)f(the)h(cac)o(he)h(and)e -(pager)h(in)f(the)h(usual)f(w)o(a)o(y)m(,)f(compute)h Fx(E)19 -b FC(and)13 b(read)h(a)f(bus)h(address)h(w)o(ord)e(from)f(lo)q(cation)150 -940 y Fx(E)5 b FC(.)150 1025 y(The)14 b(giv)o(en)g(bus)g(address)h(is)f(cac)o -(heable)h(if)e(all)f(of)i(the)g(follo)o(wing)d(are)k(true:)212 -1144 y FA(\017)21 b Fx(D)d FC(is)c(zero)g(in)g(the)g(bus)h(address)g(w)o -(ord,)e(and)212 1228 y FA(\017)21 b FC(the)14 b(pager)g(is)g(on,)f(and)212 -1313 y FA(\017)21 b FC(the)14 b(CST)g(base)h(address)g(is)f(not)f(zero,)i -(and)212 1397 y FA(\017)21 b FC(the)14 b(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(in)h(the)g -(bus)g(address)i(w)o(ord)d(corresp)q(onds)j(to)e(a)f(memory)m(,)e(and)212 -1481 y FA(\017)21 b FC(the)14 b(CST)g(en)o(try)h(for)e(the)i(page)f(con)o -(taining)e(this)i(address)h(sp)q(eci\014es)h(that)e(the)h(page)e(is)h(cac)o -(heable.)150 1600 y(P)o(erform)j(one)h(of)f(the)i(actions)e(describ)q(ed)j(b) -q(elo)o(w,)e(dep)q(ending)g(on)g(whether)h(or)f(not)g(the)g(giv)o(en)f(bus)i -(address)150 1650 y(corresp)q(onds)d(to)e(a)f(cac)o(heable)i(memory)c(page:) -212 1777 y FA(\017)21 b FC(If)14 b(the)g(giv)o(en)g(bus)h(address)g(w)o(ord)f -(sp)q(eci\014es)i(a)e(cac)o(heable)h(memory)c(page,)j(cop)o(y)g(the)h(data)f -(in)f(A)o(C)h(to)g(the)254 1827 y(cac)o(hed)h(represen)o(tation)h(of)e(the)h -(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(memory)c(address,)j(marking)e(the)i(corresp)q(onding)g(cac) -o(he)g(line)254 1877 y(as)e(\\mo)q(di\014ed".)j(If)d(the)g(cac)o(he)h(do)q -(es)g(not)f(already)g(con)o(tain)g(a)f(represen)o(tation)j(of)e(this)g -(address,)h(read)f(the)254 1926 y(memory)i(line)i(that)g(includes)h(this)g -(address)h(in)o(to)d(the)j(cac)o(he)f(and)f(then)h(cop)o(y)g(the)g(A)o(C)f -(data)h(in)o(to)e(the)254 1976 y(cac)o(hed)f(represen)o(tation)g(of)e(the)i -(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(address.)212 2059 y FA(\017)21 b FC(If)14 -b(the)h(giv)o(en)e(bus)i(address)h(do)q(es)e(not)h(sp)q(ecify)f(a)g(cac)o -(heable)h(memory)d(page,)i(transmit)f(the)i(bus)g(address)254 -2109 y(w)o(ord)c(on)h(the)g(bac)o(kplane.)18 b(If)11 b Fx(D)16 -b FC(is)c(zero,)g(use)h(a)f(W)m(ord)p 1117 2109 13 2 v 14 w(W)m(rite)f -(cycle;)i(if)e Fx(D)16 b FC(is)c(one,)g(use)g(a)g(Device)p -1788 2109 V 15 w(Con)o(trol.)254 2159 y(In)h(the)h(follo)o(wing)c(cycle,)k -(transmit)e(a)h(cop)o(y)g(of)f(the)i(data)f(in)g(A)o(C)g(on)g(the)h(bus)f -(with)g(cycle)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g(DataW1.)254 2209 y(No)g(resp)q(onse)i(is)e(exp)q -(ected)i(from)d(the)h(bus.)20 b(If)14 b(the)g(giv)o(en)g(bus)h(address)g(do)q -(es)g(not)f(matc)o(h)f(an)o(y)h(device)h(or)254 2258 y(a)e(device's)i(in{mo)q -(dule)d(address,)i(there)i(will)c(b)q(e)j(no)e(indication)g(of)g(error.)150 -2385 y(The)i(data)f(mo)o(v)o(emen)o(t)e(comp)q(onen)o(t)i(of)g(this)h -(instruction)g(b)o(ypasses)h(the)f(pager.)20 b(No)15 b(up)q(date)g(to)g(the)g -(CST)f(will)150 2435 y(b)q(e)h(p)q(erformed;)e(if)g(the)h(Monitor)g(requires) -h(a)e(CST)h(up)q(date,)g(it)g(m)o(ust)f(p)q(erform)g(the)h(CST)g(up)q(date)g -(itself.)150 2521 y(This)21 b(op)q(eration)f(guaran)o(tees)i(that)f(the)g -(cac)o(he)h(will)d(con)o(tain)i(a)f(curren)o(t)i(represen)o(tation)h(of)d -(the)h(in)o(tended)150 2571 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)e(memory)m(.)29 -b(If)18 b(the)h(target)g(page)f(is)h(not)f(cac)o(heable,)i(this)f -(instruction)g(will)e(not)h(cause)i(data)e(to)150 2620 y(app)q(ear)c(in)g -(the)g(cac)o(he.)p eop -%%Page: 206 10 -206 9 bop 0 50 a FC(206)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y Fy(3.1.5)55 b(Comm)n(unication) -17 b(Bet)n(w)n(een)h(the)g(Pro)r(cessor)g(and)i(Devices)0 307 -y FC(Comm)o(uni)o(cation)11 b(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)j(the)g(XKL)622 -303 y(-)635 307 y(1)f(cen)o(tral)h(pro)q(cessor)h(and)e(a)h(generic)g(p)q -(eripheral)g(device)g(is)g(e\013ected)h(b)o(y)0 357 y(t)o(w)o(o)c(one{w)o(a)o -(y)g(\\connections".)17 b(Eac)o(h)12 b(connection)g(is)f(represen)o(ted)j(b)o -(y)d(one)h(w)o(ord)f(in)g(\(uncac)o(hed\))i(storage.)18 b(The)0 -407 y(connection)c(w)o(ord)f(is)g(similar)d(to)j(the)h(\015ag)e(on)h(a)g -(rural)g(mailb)q(o)o(x:)h(set)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(sender)h(to)e(indicate)f(that)i -(the)f(b)q(o)o(x)0 457 y(con)o(tains)h(a)g(message,)g(cleared)h(b)o(y)f(the)h -(receiv)o(er)h(to)e(indicate)h(that)f(the)h(message)f(has)h(b)q(een)g(remo)o -(v)o(ed.)k(As)14 b(the)0 507 y(mailb)q(o)o(x,)g(the)j(message)f(ma)o(y)f(b)q -(e)i(in)f(man)o(y)f(parts)i(\(i.e.,)f(a)g(list)g(of)g(messages\).)26 -b(In)17 b(con)o(trast)g(to)g(the)g(mailb)q(o)o(x)0 557 y(analogy)m(,)10 -b(once)j(the)h(sender)g(has)e(set)i(the)f(\015ag,)f(the)h(sender)h(is)e -(prohibited)h(from)d(adding)i(more)f(messages)i(to)f(the)0 -606 y(b)q(o)o(x)i(un)o(til)f(the)h(\014rst)h(batc)o(h)f(has)g(b)q(een)h(tak)o -(en.)0 692 y(More)g(sp)q(eci\014cally)m(,)g(the)g(CPU)g(and)g(device)h(share) -f(a)g(w)o(ord)g(called)f(\\T)m(oDev".)20 b(When)15 b(the)h(CPU)f(has)g(w)o -(ork)f(for)0 742 y(the)f(device,)f(it)g(creates)h(a)f(list)f(of)h(messages)g -(for)f(the)i(device)f(and)g(stores)h(the)g(bus)f(address)h(of)f(the)g(list)g -(in)f(T)m(oDev,)0 792 y(but)18 b(only)e(if)h(the)g(presen)o(t)i(con)o(ten)o -(ts)g(of)d(T)m(oDev)h(are)h(zero.)29 b(After)18 b(storing)f(in)g(T)m(oDev,)g -(the)h(CPU)f(\\rings)g(the)0 841 y(do)q(orb)q(ell")e(b)o(y)h(sending)g(an)f -(appropriate)h(device)h(con)o(trol)e(signal)g(to)h(the)g(device.)25 -b(The)16 b(device)h(ac)o(kno)o(wledges)0 891 y(the)d(do)q(orb)q(ell)g(b)o(y)f -(reading)h(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(T)m(oDev)g(and)h(storing)f(a)h(zero)g -(in)f(T)m(oDev.)18 b(\(Then,)c(if)e(the)j(CPU)f(has)0 941 y(so)f(requested,)h -(the)f(device)g(can)g(ac)o(kno)o(wledge)f(receipt)i(of)e(the)h(message)f(b)o -(y)g(sending)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i(bac)o(k)e(to)g(the)0 991 -y(CPU.\))k(A)o(t)g(this)h(p)q(oin)o(t,)e(the)i(messages)g(formerly)d(in)i(T)m -(oDev)f(are)i(no)o(w)f(the)h(resp)q(onsibilit)o(y)e(of)h(the)h(device.)25 -b(If)0 1041 y(the)15 b(CPU)g(has)f(w)o(ork)h(for)f(the)h(device)g(and)f(T)m -(oDev)g(is)g(non-zero,)h(the)g(CPU)g(app)q(ends)g(additional)e(messages)h(in) -0 1090 y(its)g(queue)i(of)d(messages)i(in)o(tended)g(for)f(the)h(device,)f -(and)h(con)o(tin)o(ues)f(app)q(ending)h(suc)o(h)g(messages)f(un)o(til)g(T)m -(oDev)0 1140 y(b)q(ecomes)g(zero.)0 1226 y(In)g(the)i(other)f(direction,)f -(the)h(b)q(eha)o(vior)f(is)h(similar.)i(The)e(device)g(and)f(CPU)h(share)g(a) -g(w)o(ord)f(called)g(F)m(romDev.)0 1276 y(When)g(the)h(device)g(has)f -(information)e(to)i(rep)q(ort)h(to)f(the)h(CPU,)f(it)f(creates)j(a)e(list)g -(of)g(messages)g(and)g(stores)h(the)0 1325 y(bus)f(address)h(of)e(the)h(list) -f(in)g(F)m(romDev,)e(but)j(only)e(if)h(F)m(romDev)f(is)h(already)g(zero.)19 -b(After)14 b(storing)f(in)g(F)m(romDev,)0 1375 y(the)i(device)f(in)o -(terrupts)h(the)g(CPU)f(to)g(alert)g(it)f(to)h(the)g(new)h(messages.)j(The)c -(CPU)h(resp)q(onds)g(to)f(the)g(in)o(terrupt)0 1425 y(b)o(y)h(reading)g(F)m -(romDev)f(and)h(setting)h(it)f(to)g(zero.)24 b(\(If)15 b(the)h(device)g(so)f -(requests,)j(the)e(CPU)f(can)h(send)g(a)f(device)0 1475 y(con)o(trol)10 -b(message)g(bac)o(k)h(to)f(the)h(device)h(indicating)d(that)h(F)m(romDev)f -(is)i(no)o(w)f(zero.\))17 b(A)o(t)11 b(this)g(p)q(oin)o(t,)f(the)h(messages)0 -1525 y(formerly)g(in)h(F)m(romDev)e(are)j(no)o(w)f(the)h(resp)q(onsibilit)o -(y)f(of)g(the)h(CPU.)f(If)g(the)h(device)h(has)e(messages)h(for)f(the)h(CPU)0 -1574 y(but)j(F)m(romDev)e(is)h(not)h(zero,)g(the)h(device)f(will)e(app)q(end) -j(these)g(messages)e(to)h(its)g(queue)g(of)f(p)q(ending)h(messages)0 -1624 y(for)e(the)g(CPU,)g(where)h(they)f(will)f(b)q(e)h(held)g(un)o(til)f(F)m -(romDev)f(is)i(zero.)0 1710 y(The)h(lo)q(cations)f(of)g(comm)o(unicatio)o(n)e -(cells)j(are)g(assigned)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(CPU;)f(the)h(CPU)g(informs)e(the)i -(device)g(of)f(the)0 1760 y(assigned)d(lo)q(cations)g(b)o(y)f(means)g(of)h -(device)g(con)o(trol)g(messages.)17 b(If)10 b(shared)i(comm)o(unication)c -(regions)j(are)g(needed,)0 1809 y(they)j(are)g(assigned)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(CPU,) -g(whic)o(h)g(will)e(inform)f(the)k(device.)k(The)14 b(authors)g(of)f(monitor) -f(device)i(driv)o(ers)0 1859 y(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)i(a)o(w)o(are)f(of)g(the)g -(general)h(needs)g(of)f(the)h(device)g(and)f(arrange)g(comm)o(unication)d -(regions)j(appropriately)m(.)0 1945 y(T)m(o)g(supp)q(ort)h(m)o(ulti{pro)q -(cessor)f(systems,)h(a)f(device)i(m)o(ust)d(b)q(e)j(able)e(to)h(accommo)q -(date)d(m)o(ultiple)h(\\T)m(oDev")g(and)0 1995 y(\\F)m(romDev")g(comm)o -(unicati)o(on)f(lo)q(cations.)0 2080 y(A)j(device)h(with)e(sp)q(ecialized)i -(queues)g(ma)o(y)d(ha)o(v)o(e)i(indep)q(enden)o(t)h(\\T)m(oDev")e(and)h(\\F)m -(romDev")d(lo)q(cations)j(asso)q(ci-)0 2130 y(ated)g(with)g(eac)o(h)g(queue.) -0 2281 y Fy(3.1.6)55 b(Iden)n(ti\014cation)18 b(of)h(Bac)n(kplane)f(Devices)0 -2394 y FC(Ev)o(ery)d(pro)q(cessor,)h(memory)m(,)c(or)i(I/O)h(in)o(terface)g -(in)o(tended)g(for)g(use)g(on)g(the)g(TO)o(AD)1351 2390 y(-)1363 -2394 y(1)f(System)g(bac)o(kplane)h(bus)0 2443 y(m)o(ust)e(adhere)j(to)e(the)h -(electrical)g(con)o(v)o(en)o(tions)g(of)f(the)h(bus,)f(the)i(signalling)c -(con)o(v)o(en)o(tions)i(of)g(the)h(bus,)g(and)f(the)0 2493 -y(mo)q(dule)e(iden)o(ti\014cation)i(con)o(v)o(en)o(tion)f(describ)q(ed)j -(here.)0 2579 y(Ev)o(ery)h(device)g(shall)e(resp)q(ond)i(to)f(a)g(Device)p -719 2579 13 2 v 15 w(Status)p 849 2579 V 16 w(Request)h(function)f(at)g -(address)h(0)f(b)o(y)g(returning)g(a)g(main)0 2629 y(status)k(w)o(ord.)34 -b(The)19 b(main)e(status)j(w)o(ord)g(is)f(in)o(tended)g(to)g(iden)o(tify)g -(the)h(general)f(nature)h(of)e(the)i(addressed)p eop -%%Page: 207 11 -207 10 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.2.)31 b(CONSOLE)1439 b FC(207)150 -195 y(unit)15 b(and)h(to)f(rep)q(ort)i(its)f(ma)r(jor)d(status)k(\(i.e.,)e -(ready)h(or)f(not\).)23 b(The)16 b(iden)o(ti\014cation)f(is)h(b)o(y)f(means)g -(of)g(bits)h(0{7)150 245 y(\()p Fu(DS\045TST==:377B7)p FC(\),)h(the)j(Device) -g(T)o(yp)q(e)f(and)g(Subt)o(yp)q(e)h(\014elds,)g(of)f(the)g(main)e(status)j -(w)o(ord.)34 b(This)19 b(\014eld)g(is)150 295 y(divided)12 -b(in)o(to)f(bits)i(0{2)e(\()p Fu(DS\045TYP==:7B2)p FC(\),)f(the)j(Device)f(T) -o(yp)q(e)h(\014eld,)f(and)g(bits)g(3{7)g(\()p Fu(DS\045STY==:37B7)p -FC(\),)e(Device)150 345 y(Subt)o(yp)q(e)15 b(\014eld.)j(Eac)o(h)c(device)h -(description)f(will)e(describ)q(e)k(the)f(assigned)f(v)n(alues)f(for)h(these) -h(\014elds.)150 518 y Ft(3.2)70 b(Console)150 644 y FC(This)19 -b(section)h(describ)q(es)h(the)f(XKL)744 640 y(-)756 644 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)i -(console)e(op)q(eration,)h(the)g(in)o(terface)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(the)f -(micro{)150 694 y(console)14 b(and)f(the)h(macro{console,)d(the)j(console)g -(command)c(set,)k(and)f(macro{instructions)g(for)g(programmi)o(ng)150 -744 y(input)h(and)f(output)h(to)g(the)h(console)f(terminal.)p -254 835 1588 2 v 254 1173 2 339 v 968 918 a Fy(Notice)359 993 -y FC(This)c(description)g(is)f(highly)f(sp)q(eci\014c)j(to)f(the)g(presen)o -(t)h(implemen)o(tatio)o(n)c(of)i(the)h(XKL)1703 989 y(-)1715 -993 y(1)359 1042 y(pro)q(cessor)20 b(and)e(is)g Fz(not)f FC(part)i(of)e(the)i -(arc)o(hitectural)g(description)g(of)e(the)i(TO)o(AD)1703 1038 -y(-)1715 1042 y(1)359 1092 y(System.)p 1840 1173 V 254 1175 -1588 2 v 150 1285 a(The)d(XKL)328 1281 y(-)340 1285 y(1)g(pro)q(cessor)h(has) -f(t)o(w)o(o)f(RS{232)g(serial)g(comm)o(unication)e(p)q(orts,)j(lab)q(eled)g -(\\Console")f(and)g(\\Auxil-)150 1335 y(iary".)j(These)d(are)f(used)h(to)f -(connect)h(a)f(console)g(terminal)f(and)g(an)h(optional)f(diagnostic)g -(terminal)f(or)i(mo)q(dem)150 1385 y(to)k(the)h(system.)31 -b(As)19 b(explained)f(in)g(more)g(detail)f(b)q(elo)o(w,)i(the)g(XKL)1287 -1381 y(-)1299 1385 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)j(attempts)d(to)g(treat)h(b)q(oth)150 -1435 y(comm)o(unications)13 b(p)q(orts)k(and)e(their)i(connected)h(terminals) -c(iden)o(tically)m(,)g(so)i(the)h(term)e(\\console)h(p)q(ort")h(refers)150 -1484 y(to)e(either)g(or)g(b)q(oth)g(comm)o(uni)o(cations)d(p)q(orts)k(and)e -(\\console)h(terminal")e(to)h(whatev)o(er)i(device)f(is)g(connected)h(to)150 -1534 y(either)f(or)f(b)q(oth)g(p)q(orts.)150 1620 y(The)k(console)g(terminal) -e(and)i(diagnostic)f(terminal)f(are)i(handled)g(at)f(all)g(times)g(b)o(y)g -(the)i(XKL)1704 1616 y(-)1716 1620 y(1)e(pro)q(cessor's)150 -1670 y(micro)q(co)q(de.)22 b(The)16 b(in)o(terpretation)g(of)f(c)o(haracters) -i(t)o(yp)q(ed)f(on)g(the)g(console)f(terminal)f(v)n(aries)i(according)f(to)g -(the)150 1719 y(state)h(in)f(whic)o(h)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(micro)q(co)q(de) -e(has)g(placed)h(the)g(console)g(p)q(orts.)23 b(The)16 b(ma)r(jor)e(division) -g(of)h(states)150 1769 y(is)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(\\Console")f(and)g -(\\Program")e(states.)28 b(The)18 b(transitions)f(of)f(the)i(state)g(of)e -(the)i(console)f(p)q(ort)h(are)150 1819 y(describ)q(ed)e(in)d(more)g(detail)g -(b)q(elo)o(w;)g(they)i(are)f(depicted)h(in)f(Figure)g(3.2.)150 -1905 y(Figure)g(3.2)f(depicts)i(the)f(transitions)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(v)n -(arious)f(states.)150 1990 y(In)g(\\Program")e(state,)j(the)g(console)f(p)q -(ort)h(is)f(generally)f(under)i(con)o(trol)f(of)g(the)g(macro{program)e -(executing)i(in)150 2040 y(the)g(XKL)312 2036 y(-)325 2040 -y(1.)150 2126 y(In)g(\\Console")f(state,)h(one{line)f(commands)e(are)j -(receiv)o(ed)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(micro{console)e(program,)g(whic)o(h)h(is)h -(imple-)150 2175 y(men)o(ted)e(in)f(the)i(XKL)502 2171 y(-)514 -2175 y(1)e(micro)q(co)q(de.)17 b(The)c(micro{console)d(either)j(p)q(erforms)f -(the)g(command)d(itself)j(or)g(it)g(passes)150 2225 y(the)20 -b(command)c(to)j(the)h(macro{console)e(where)j(it)d(is)i(p)q(erformed.)33 -b(\(The)20 b(macro{console)e(is)h(implemen)o(ted)150 2275 y(b)o(y)c(macro{co) -q(de)f(instructions)i(in)e(the)h(Bo)q(ot)h(R)o(OM.\))e(The)h(Console)g(state) -h(has)f(substates)h(dep)q(ending)g(on)e(the)150 2325 y(condition)f(of)g(the)i -(macro{program)c(b)q(eing)j(run)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(XKL)1157 2321 -y(-)1169 2325 y(1.)150 2410 y(The)g(micro{console)e(is)i(activ)n(ated)f -(either)i(b)o(y)e(receipt)i(of)e(a)g(\\)p Fu(CTRL/\\)p FC(")f(\(con)o(trol)h -(bac)o(kslash\))h(c)o(haracter)h(on)e(the)150 2460 y(console)j(terminal)e(p)q -(ort)h(or)h(b)o(y)f(execution)h(of)f(a)g Fv(HAL)m(T)h FC(instruction)g(b)o(y) -f(the)h(running)f(program.)22 b(When)15 b(acti-)150 2510 y(v)n(ated,)e(the)h -(micro{console)e(will)g(collect)i(a)f(command)d(line)j(from)f(c)o(haracters)j -(t)o(yp)q(ed)f(on)f(the)h(console)g(terminal)150 2560 y(p)q(ort.)p -eop -%%Page: 208 12 -208 11 bop 0 50 a FC(208)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)442 230 y Fy(Figure)k(3.2:)24 -b(Console)18 b(State)h(T)-5 b(ransitions)p -1 1115 2 831 v -871 1115 2 167 v 872 1115 a Fj(?)p 0 1116 872 2 v 0 286 1453 -2 v 164 699 1415 2 v 164 948 2 250 v 698 791 a FC(Pro)q(cess)16 -b(Comm)o(and.)529 886 y(Set)f(new)f(Pro)q(cessor)i(and)e(Console)f(State.)p -1577 948 V 164 950 1415 2 v 248 451 2 167 v 249 451 a Fj(?)p -144 450 211 2 v 144 533 2 84 v 162 502 a FC(Halt/Con)p 353 -533 V 144 535 211 2 v 248 700 2 167 v 249 700 a Fj(?)p 663 -451 V 664 451 a(?)p 559 450 211 2 v 559 533 2 84 v 574 502 -a FC(Run/Pgm)p 768 533 V 559 535 211 2 v 353 493 208 2 v 353 -492 a Fj(\033)404 465 y Fv(HAL)m(T)p 768 493 V 934 492 a Fj(-)806 -464 y Fu(CTRL/\\)p 1078 451 2 167 v 1079 451 a Fj(?)p 974 450 -211 2 v 974 533 2 84 v 994 502 a FC(Run/Con)p 1183 533 V 974 -535 211 2 v 1078 700 2 167 v 1079 700 a Fj(?)p 1389 450 211 -2 v 1389 533 2 84 v 1414 502 a FC(Init/Con)p 1598 533 V 1389 -535 211 2 v 1494 700 2 167 v 1494 700 a Fj(?)p 1452 451 V 1453 -451 a(?)p 1535 451 V 41 w(?)1557 331 y FC(P)o(o)o(w)o(er{on)1594 -372 y(Reset)0 1240 y(Commands)e(that)i(b)q(egin)g(with)g(a)h(\\)p -Fu(.)p FC(")j(\(p)q(erio)q(d\))d(are)g(parsed)g(and)g(pro)q(cessed)h(b)o(y)f -(the)g(micro{console,)d(without)0 1290 y(resorting)i(to)g(macro{co)q(de.)k -(The)c(micro{console)e(pro)o(vides)i(a)f(small)f(set)i(of)f(commands)e(for)j -(XKL)1584 1286 y(-)1596 1290 y(1)f(initializa-)0 1339 y(tion)h(and)h(con)o -(trol.)19 b(These)c(commands)c(are)k(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(ev)o(en)i(in)g(the)h -(unfortunate)f(circumstance)h(of)e(not)h(b)q(eing)0 1389 y(able)i(to)g -(execute)i(macro)e(instructions.)26 b(In)16 b(micro{console)f(commands,)f(lo) -o(w)o(ercase)j(letters)h(are)e(in)o(terpreted)0 1439 y(as)e(upp)q(ercase.)0 -1525 y(T)m(o)d(handle)g(all)f(other)i(commands,)d(the)j(micro{console)f -(activ)n(ates)g(the)h(macro{console)f(\(unless)h(it)f(is)g(disabled\).)0 -1574 y(Since)18 b(the)f(XKL)277 1570 y(-)289 1574 y(1)g(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j -(\\running)e(a)h(program")e(\(i.e.,)i(executing)g(PDP{10)g(macro{co)q(de)f -(instructions\))0 1624 y(when)j(the)g(micro{console)d(receiv)o(es)k(a)e -(command,)e(the)j(micro{console)e(is)h(resp)q(onsible)h(for)f(preserving)h -(the)0 1674 y(state)c(of)e(the)h(running)f(program)g(b)q(efore)h(activ)n -(ating)e(the)j(macro{console.)i(State)d(is)g(preserv)o(ed)h(b)o(y)f(sim)o -(ulating)0 1724 y(an)e(in)o(terrupt)h(of)e(the)i(curren)o(t)g(program.)j(The) -d(curren)o(t)g(PC,)f(\015ags,)g(relev)n(an)o(t)g(mac)o(hine)e(state,)j(and)f -(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(to)0 1774 y(the)j(command)c(string)j(are)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)f -(in)f(a)h(predetermined)h(area)f(of)g(MemA;)e(part)j(of)e(the)i(stored)g -(state)g(indicates)0 1823 y(whether)i(a)e(program)e(w)o(as)i(running)g(when)h -(the)g(macro{console)e(w)o(as)h(activ)n(ated.)22 b(Then)16 -b(the)f(pager)h(is)f(turned)0 1873 y(o\013)d(and)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i -(priorit)o(y)d(in)o(terrupt)i(lev)o(el)e(is)h(raised)g(to)g(0)g(\(whic)o(h)g -(is)f(higher)h(than)g(an)o(y)g(normal)e(program)0 1923 y(in)o(terrupt\).)19 -b(Finally)m(,)11 b(the)k(PC)f(is)g(set)g(to)g(a)g(predetermined)g(lo)q -(cation)f(in)h(the)g(Bo)q(ot)g(R)o(OM.)0 2009 y(The)d(macro{console)e(co)q -(de)i(then)g(parses)h(the)e(command)e(stored)j(in)f(MemA)g(and)g(tak)o(es)h -(the)f(appropriate)h(action.)0 2058 y(Generally)m(,)g(the)h(macro{console)f -(do)q(es)h(not)g(p)q(erform)f(commands)e(that)j(alter)g(an)o(y)g(mac)o(hine)e -(state)j(unless)f(it)g(can)0 2108 y(restore)17 b(the)f(state)g(at)f(the)h -(end)g(of)e(the)i(command.)k(If)15 b(no)g(program)e(w)o(as)i(running)g(when)h -(the)g(macro{console)0 2158 y(w)o(as)e(started,)g(commands)e(that)i(in)o(ten) -o(tionally)e(alter)i(the)g(mac)o(hine)f(state)i(are)f(p)q(ermitted.)0 -2244 y(Up)q(on)d(completion)f(of)h(a)f(command,)f(the)j(macro{console)e -(executes)j(a)e Fv(HAL)m(T)h FC(instruction)g(to)f(return)h(con)o(trol)f(to)0 -2293 y(the)16 b(micro{console.)j(The)d(micro{console)d(restores)k(the)f(mac)o -(hine)d(state)j(and)f(PC)g(from)e(where)j(it)f(w)o(as)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)0 -2343 y(in)j(MemA.)e(\(The)j(macro{console)e(command)e(ma)o(y)h(ha)o(v)o(e)i -(altered)g(the)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)f(state.\))31 b(If)18 b(appropriate,)g(the)0 -2393 y(micro{console)13 b(resumes)h(the)g(execution)h(of)e(the)i(in)o -(terrupted)g(program.)0 2479 y(In)f(detail,)f(the)h(micro{console)f(will)f -(en)o(ter)j(the)g(macro{console)e(b)o(y)g(p)q(erforming)g(the)h(follo)o(wing) -d(steps:)51 2606 y(1.)20 b(Sa)o(v)o(e)13 b(the)i(state)g(of)e(the)h(curren)o -(t)i(macro{co)q(de)d(in)h(MemA:)p eop -%%Page: 209 13 -209 12 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.2.)31 b(CONSOLE)1439 b FC(209)254 -195 y Fu(AM\045MFG)48 b FC(Flags)14 b(and)f(con)o(text)254 -281 y Fu(AM\045MPC)48 b FC(PC)254 366 y Fu(AM\045MEB)g FC(EBR)254 -452 y Fu(AM\045MUB)g FC(UBR)254 537 y Fu(AM\045MCS)g FC(CSB)254 -623 y Fu(AM\045MPI)g FC(Highest)15 b(PI)f(lev)o(el)f(in)h(progress)201 -707 y(2.)20 b(Set)14 b(or)g(clear)g(the)h(follo)o(wing)c(\015ags)j(in)f -Fu(AM\045MBT)g FC(in)g(MemA:)254 775 y Fu(MS\045RUN)48 b FC(A)14 -b(program)f(w)o(as)h(running)f(if)g(set.)19 b(\(Otherwise,)d(there)f(w)o(as)f -(no)f(program,)f(the)j(program)d(had)434 825 y(nev)o(er)j(run,)f(or)g(it)f(w) -o(as)h(halted.\))254 910 y Fu(MS\045VAL)48 b FC(Program)13 -b(PC)h(is)g(v)n(alid)e(if)h(set.)254 996 y Fu(MS\045MCA)48 -b FC(Macro{console)15 b(w)o(as)g(activ)o(e)f(if)g(set.)21 b(\(This)15 -b(\015ag)f(is)g(used)i(for)e(debugging)g(when)h(running)f(the)434 -1046 y(macro{console)f(as)h(a)g(program.\))254 1131 y Fu(MS\045MCE)48 -b FC(Macro{console)15 b(is)f(enabled,)f(if)h(set.)19 b(\(This)14 -b(\015ag)g(is)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(cleared)i(to)f(zero)h(at)f(en)o(try)g(to)g -(the)434 1181 y(macro{console,)c(th)o(us)h(disabling)e(reen)o(try)j(of)e(the) -h(macro{console)f(unless)h(the)g(macro{console)434 1231 y(is)j(able)g(to)f -(progress)j(far)d(enough)h(to)g(set)h(this)f(bit)f(again.\))201 -1315 y(3.)20 b(Mak)o(e)15 b(the)g(mac)o(hine)f(en)o(ter)i(PI)f(priorit)o(y)f -(lev)o(el)h(0.)21 b(This)15 b(disables)g(an)o(y)f(in)o(terrupts)j(at)d(all)g -(lo)o(w)o(er)h(priorit)o(y)254 1365 y(lev)o(els)f(\(all)f(normal)e(lev)o -(els\).)201 1448 y(4.)20 b(Set)c(the)g(EBR)g(and)f(UBR)h(to)f(10,,0.)22 -b(This)15 b(is)h(the)g(address)h(of)e Fw(TDBoot)p FC('s)h(v)o(estigial)e(EBR) -i(and)f(UBR.)254 1498 y(Then)f(turn)h(paging)d(o\013.)201 1581 -y(5.)20 b(Set)c(the)g(PC)g(to)f(a)g(predetermined)h(o\013set)h(in)e(the)h(en) -o(try)g(v)o(ector)g(and)f(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(the)g(macro{co)q(de,)f(th)o(us)254 -1631 y(starting)f(the)g(macro{console.)j(The)d(follo)o(wing)e(o\013sets)j -(are)f(curren)o(tly)h(de\014ned:)254 1698 y(+3)90 b(Initialize)13 -b(the)h(macro{console.)254 1784 y(+4)90 b(Resp)q(ond)13 b(to)g(a)f(program)f -(halt.)17 b(The)c(address)h(at)f(whic)o(h)f(the)i Fv(HAL)m(T)f -FC(o)q(ccurs)h(will)d(b)q(e)i(in)g Fu(AM\045OPC)p FC(.)397 -1834 y(The)j(macro{console)e(will)g(examine)g(the)i(state)g(of)e(the)i(Dump,) -e(Diagnose,)g(and)h(Bo)q(ot)h(\015ags)f(to)397 1883 y(determine)f(its)g(next) -g(actions.)254 1969 y(+5)90 b(Pro)q(cess)16 b(the)e(command)d(to)j(whic)o(h)g -Fu(AM\045MCM)f FC(p)q(oin)o(ts.)150 2096 y(If)f(the)h(macro{console)e -(executes)j(a)e(PI)g(reset,)i(PI)e(lev)o(el)g(0)g(is)g(cleared)h(\(as)g(are)f -(all)f(other)i(PI)f(lev)o(els\).)18 b(Thereafter,)150 2146 -y(the)12 b(macro{console)f(is)g(no)h(longer)f(b)q(ound)h(to)g(preserv)o(e)h -(the)g(mac)o(hine)d(state)j(and)e(up)q(date)i(the)f(MemA)f(v)n(ariables)150 -2196 y(describ)q(ed)k(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)j(A)13 b(subsequen)o(t)j -Fv(HAL)m(T)d FC(will)f(en)o(ter)j(the)f(micro{console)e(as)i(if)e(the)i(XKL) -1610 2192 y(-)1622 2196 y(1)g(w)o(ere)g(running)f(an)150 2246 -y(ordinary)g(program.)150 2331 y(Up)q(on)h(a)f(program's)g(execution)h(of)f -(a)h Fv(HAL)m(T)g FC(instruction,)g(the)g(XKL)1261 2327 y(-)1273 -2331 y(1's)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(will)f(p)q(erform)h(one)h(of)f(the)150 -2381 y(follo)o(wing:)212 2508 y FA(\017)21 b FC(If)10 b Fu(MS\045NCA)g -FC(is)h(clear,)g(clear)h Fu(MS\045RUN)d FC(in)i Fu(AM\045MBT)p -FC(.)e(If)h(the)i(macro{console)e(is)h(enabled,)g(start)h(it)e(as)h(describ)q -(ed)254 2558 y(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)f(using)g(o\013set)g(+4.)17 -b(If)10 b(the)g(macro{console)f(is)h(disabled,)g(en)o(ter)h(the)g -(micro{console)e(to)h(collect)g(CTY)254 2608 y(input)j(as)h(a)g -(micro{console)f(command.)p eop -%%Page: 210 14 -210 13 bop 0 50 a FC(210)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)62 195 y FA(\017)21 b -FC(If)15 b Fu(MS\045NCA)f FC(is)h(set,)h(this)g(is)f(the)h(macro{console)f -(returning)g(con)o(trol)h(to)f(the)h(micro{console.)21 b(If)15 -b Fu(MS\045MCE)104 245 y FC(is)f(clear,)g(disable)f(the)i(macro{console.)i -(\()p Fu(MS\045MCE)c FC(b)q(eing)h(clear)g(indicates)g(that)g(the)h -(macro{console)e(has)104 295 y(declared)i(itself)g(to)f(b)q(e)i(sic)o(k;)e -(the)i(macro{console)d(remains)h(disabled)g(un)o(til)g(a)h -Fu(.M)f FC(command)e(is)i(issued.\))104 345 y(Otherwise,)h(restore)g(the)g -(mac)o(hine)d(state)j(from)d(the)j(lo)q(cations)e(in)g(MemA)g(at)h(whic)o(h)g -(it)f(w)o(as)h(sa)o(v)o(ed.)0 496 y Fy(3.2.1)55 b(Console)19 -b(State)f(T)-5 b(ransitions)0 609 y FC(The)19 b(console)g(state)g(is)g -(de\014ned)g(b)o(y)f(t)o(w)o(o)h(things:)27 b(\014rst,)20 b(whether)g(input)e -(is)g(going)g(to)g(the)h(console)g(\(\\Con",)0 659 y(indicated)f(b)o(y)g -Fu(CT\045CON)e FC(set)j(in)e Fu(AM\045CTS)p FC(\))g(or)h(to)g(the)g(macro{co) -q(de)f(\(\\Pgm",)g(indicated)h(b)o(y)g Fu(CT\045CON)e FC(clear)i(in)0 -708 y Fu(AM\045CTS)p FC(\))12 b(and,)g(second,)i(b)o(y)e(the)i(condition)e -(of)g(the)h(PDP{10)g(program:)j(either)d(running)g(\()p Fu(MS\045RUN)e -FC(set\),)j(halted)0 758 y(\()p Fu(MS\045RUN)f FC(clear,)h -Fu(MS\045VAL)e FC(set\),)j(or)e(initialized)g(\()p Fu(MS\045VAL)g -FC(clear\).)0 910 y Fy(3.2.2)55 b(Micro{Console)18 b(Messages)0 -1023 y FC(The)c(follo)o(wing)e(are)i(messages)g(from)e(the)i(micro{console.)0 -1108 y Fu(System)21 b(Processor)e(\(XKL-1,)i(1995\))g(Ver)g(-)g(000000000123) -39 b FC(This)17 b(denotes)h(XKL)1451 1104 y(-)1463 1108 y(1)e(pro)q(cessor)j -(micro-)0 1158 y(co)q(de)c(v)o(ersion)f(\\123".)0 1244 y Fu(XKL-1\045)40 -b FC(This)15 b(micro{console)e(prompt)g(signi\014es)i(either)g(the)g -(\\Halt/Con")e(state)j(or)e(the)h(\\Init/Con")f(state:)0 1293 -y(the)g(macro{co)q(de)g(is)g(not)f(running.)0 1379 y Fu(XKL-1)p -Fs(>)41 b FC(This)14 b(micro{console)e(prompt)h(signi\014es)h(\\Run/Con")e -(state:)19 b(the)c(macro{co)q(de)e(is)h(running.)0 1464 y Fu(?CMD)41 -b FC(An)14 b(in)o(v)n(alid)d(command)h(letter)i(w)o(as)g(en)o(tered)i(or)e(a) -f(required)i(command)c(letter)k(w)o(as)f(missing.)0 1550 y -Fu(?ARG)41 b FC(An)14 b(incorrect)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g(n)o(umeric)g -(argumen)o(ts)h(or)f(a)h(non{n)o(umeric)f(argumen)o(t)g(w)o(as)g(en)o(tered.) -0 1636 y Fu(?PC)41 b FC(No)15 b(v)n(alid)f(macro{co)q(de)h(PC)h(exists.)23 -b(\(The)16 b(PC)g(is)f(in)o(v)n(alid)e(after)j(a)f(hardw)o(are)h(reset,)h -(after)f(either)g(a)f Fu(.I)0 1685 y FC(or)f Fu(.M)f FC(command,)e(or)j -(after)g(a)f(v)n(ariet)o(y)h(of)f(macro{console)g(commands.\))0 -1771 y Fu(?RUN)41 b FC(The)19 b(giv)o(en)g(command)e(is)i(not)g(legal)f -(while)h(macro{co)q(de)f(is)i(running.)33 b(\(The)20 b(macro{co)q(de)f(can)g -(b)q(e)0 1821 y(stopp)q(ed)c(b)o(y)f(the)g Fu(.H)f FC(command.\))0 -1906 y Fu(?MCON)40 b FC(A)18 b(command)c(w)o(as)j(en)o(tered)i(whic)o(h)e(w)o -(ould)g(normally)d(b)q(e)k(passed)g(to)g(the)f(macro{console,)g(but)g(the)0 -1956 y(macro{console)c(is)h(not)f(enabled.)19 b(\(The)14 b -Fu(.M)g FC(command)d(will)h(enable)i(the)h(macro{console.\))0 -2042 y Fu(HALT)21 b(at)g Fx(nnn)46 b FC(The)15 b(macro{co)q(de)f(\(the)i -(running)e(program\))g(has)h(halted)f(at)h(the)g(indicated)g(PC,)g -Fx(nnn)s FC(.)22 b(The)0 2092 y(console)17 b(terminal)d(p)q(ort)j(is)f(no)o -(w)g(in)g(\\Halt/Con")f(mo)q(de.)24 b(The)17 b(micro{console)e(prin)o(ts)i -(this)f(message)g(only)g(if)0 2141 y(the)e(macro{console)f(is)h(not)g -(enabled;)g(otherwise,)g(the)g(macro{console)f(prin)o(ts)h(its)g(o)o(wn)g -(message.)0 2227 y Fu(?MCON)21 b(HALT)g(at)g Fx(nnn)46 b FC(The)17 -b(macro{console)e(has)h(halted)h(at)f(the)h(lo)q(cation)e(indicated)i(b)o(y)f -Fx(nnn)k FC(b)q(ecause)f(of)0 2277 y(an)13 b(error.)19 b(\(The)14 -b(error)h(condition)e(is)g(signi\014ed)h(b)o(y)f Fu(MS\045MCA)f -FC(set)j(and)e Fu(MS\045MCE)g FC(clear.\))18 b(P)o(ossible)c(causes)h -(include)0 2327 y(a)f(failure)f(in)g(the)i(basic)f(instruction)g(test.)19 -b(The)14 b(macro{console)f(is)h(no)o(w)f(disabled)h(\(un)o(til)f(a)h -Fu(.M)f FC(command\).)0 2412 y Fu(?MCHK)21 b Fx(nnn)26 b Fu(at)21 -b Fx(mmm)45 b FC(Micro{co)q(de)17 b(or)f(hardw)o(are)g(failure)g -Fx(nnn)k FC(at)c(the)h(PC)g Fx(mmm)s FC(.)25 b(The)17 b(in)o(terpretation)0 -2462 y(of)c(the)i(co)q(de)f Fx(nnn)h FC(can)f(b)q(e)h(found)e(in)h(the)g -(corresp)q(onding)h(micro{co)q(de)e Fu(FIELDS.MIC)f FC(de\014nitions.)0 -2547 y Fu(?IOPF)40 b FC(I/O)16 b(page)g(fail)f(whic)o(h)g(w)o(as)h(not)g -(handled)g(b)o(y)f(the)i(normal)d(macro{co)q(de)h(or)h Fw(TDBoot)p -FC(.)24 b(The)17 b(latest)0 2597 y(page{fail)g(information)e(is)k(stored)g -(in)f(MemA)g(at)g Fu(AM\045PFN)f FC(\(lo)q(cations)h(500{517\).)30 -b(The)19 b(previous)g(page)f(fail)p eop -%%Page: 211 15 -211 14 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.2.)31 b(CONSOLE)1439 b FC(211)150 -195 y(information)9 b(is)j(stored)h(in)f(MemA)f(at)h Fu(AM\045PFC)e -FC(\(lo)q(cations)i(560{577\).)k(\(The)c(console)h(terminal)d(p)q(ort)i(will) -f(en)o(ter)150 245 y(\\Halt/Con")h(mo)q(de.\))150 330 y Fu(?XBR0)40 -b FC(An)12 b(op)q(eration)f(w)o(as)g(attempted)h(that)f(accessed)j(the)e(EBR) -f(or)g(UBR,)g(and)g(the)h(corresp)q(onding)h(address)150 380 -y(w)o(as)h(zero.)19 b(\(The)14 b(console)g(terminal)f(p)q(ort)h(en)o(ters)h -(\\Halt/Con")e(mo)q(de.\))150 466 y Fu(?INITERR)20 b Fx(nnn)46 -b FC(An)15 b(error)g(w)o(as)f(detected)j(during)d(initialization)e(tests.)22 -b(The)15 b(micro{co)q(de)e(will)g(attempt)h(to)150 516 y(con)o(tin)o(ue,)g -(but)h(prop)q(er)h(op)q(eration)e(is)h(doubtful.)k(The)c(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -(prin)o(ted,)g Fx(nnn)s FC(,)i(is)e(a)h(bit)f(mask)f(indicating)g(the)150 -565 y(failed)g(tests.)19 b(The)c(follo)o(wing)c(v)n(alues)j(indicate)f -(particular)h(failures:)150 633 y(1)122 b(The)15 b(data)e(did)h(not)f -(compare)h(during)f(the)i(FIF)o(O)f(test.)150 719 y(2)122 b(When)14 -b(the)h(FIF)o(O)f(test)h(ended)g(the)f(FIF)o(O)g(w)o(as)g(not)g(empt)o(y)m(.) -150 804 y(4)122 b(The)15 b(FIF)o(O)f(b)q(ecame)f(empt)o(y)g(b)q(efore)i(the)f -(test)h(w)o(as)f(complete.)150 890 y(10)101 b(The)15 b(XIlinx)e(test)h -(failed.)150 993 y Fu(?PF)21 b Fx(jjj)12 b(kkk)i(l)r(l)r(l)45 -b FC(A)12 b(page)g(fail)e(o)q(ccurred)k(as)e(a)g(result)g(of)g(a)g -(micro{console)e(command.)15 b(\(The)d(console)h(terminal)150 -1043 y(p)q(ort)h(will)f(en)o(ter)i(\\Halt/Con")e(mo)q(de.\))k(The)d(v)n -(alues)g(t)o(yp)q(ed)h(are)f(suggestiv)o(e)h(of)e(the)i(faulting)d(address)k -(and)d(the)150 1093 y(nature)i(of)e(the)h(fault.)150 1161 y -Fx(jjj)55 b FC(The)14 b(v)n(alue)g(of)f Fu(AM\045PFB)f FC(\(EPT+500\))150 -1246 y Fx(kkk)55 b FC(The)14 b(v)n(alue)f(of)g Fu(AM\045PF0)g -FC(\(EPT+502\))150 1332 y Fx(l)r(l)r(l)57 b FC(The)14 b(v)n(alue)g(of)f -Fu(AM\045PF1)f FC(\(EPT+503\))150 1435 y(See)j(\\Hard)f(P)o(age)f(F)m -(ailure")g(Section)i(3.7.1.8,)c(page)i(257)h(for)f(a)h(description)g(of)f -(these)j(data)d(w)o(ords.)150 1587 y Fy(3.2.3)55 b(Console)19 -b(T)-5 b(erminal)16 b(Programming)150 1699 y FC(When)e(the)g(console)g(p)q -(ort)g(is)f(in)g(\\Program")f(state,)h(the)i(console)e(terminal)f(is)i(at)f -(the)h(disp)q(osal)f(of)g(the)h(running)150 1749 y(program.)27 -b(In)17 b(Program)f(state,)j(eac)o(h)f(c)o(haracter)h(that)e(arriv)o(es)h(at) -f(the)h(console)g(p)q(ort)g(is)f(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(b)o(y)i(using)150 -1799 y(the)f Fv(RDCTY)f FC(instruction.)23 b(If)15 b(the)h(program)e(has)h -(enabled)h(the)g(console)g(p)q(ort)g(to)f(in)o(terrupt,)h(the)g(arriv)n(al)e -(of)h(a)150 1849 y(c)o(haracter)h(is)f(signalled)f(with)h(an)g(in)o(terrupt.) -22 b(Similarly)l(,)12 b(when)k(the)f(console)h(p)q(ort)f(is)g(ready)m(,)g(a)f -(c)o(haracter)j(can)150 1899 y(b)q(e)c(sen)o(t)h(b)o(y)f(the)g -Fv(WRCTY)f FC(instruction;)h(if)f(the)h(program)f(has)g(enabled)i(the)f -(console)g(to)g(in)o(terrupt,)g(the)g(Output)150 1949 y(Ready)h(condition)f -(is)g(signalled)g(b)o(y)h(an)g(in)o(terrupt.)150 2034 y(While)e(running)h -(PDP{10)f(instructions,)i(the)f(pro)q(cessor)i(micro)q(co)q(de)e(examines)f -(the)h(condition)g(of)f(the)i(console)150 2084 y(p)q(ort)c(\(Input)f(Ready)m -(,)g(Output)h(Ready\))g(at)f(ev)o(ery)h(p)q(oin)o(t)f(where)h(the)g(XKL)1307 -2080 y(-)1319 2084 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)i(can)f(accept)h(an)e(in)o(terrupt.)150 -2134 y(If)14 b(the)h(console)g(requires)g(service,)h(it)d(is)i(serv)o(ed)g -(\(at)g(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(lev)o(el\))g(without)g(regard)g(for)g(the)h -(status)h(of)150 2184 y(Priorit)o(y)g(In)o(terrupt)j(system;)f(of)e(course,)i -(further)g(pro)q(cessing)h(of)d(input)h(or)g(output)g(c)o(haracters)i(dep)q -(ends)f(on)150 2233 y(the)13 b(resp)q(onsiv)o(eness)i(of)d(the)i(running)e -(program.)k(When)d(the)g(console)g(is)g(in)f(Program)f(state,)i(the)h(UAR)m -(T)e(Input)150 2283 y(Ready)j(causes)i(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)e(to)g(read)h -(the)g(c)o(haracter)h(in)o(to)e(its)h(memory)d(\(where)k(it)e(is)h(held)f -(for)g(a)h Fv(RDCTY)150 2333 y FC(op)q(eration\);)21 b(set)e(the)h(Input)f -(Ready)f(device)i(status;)h(and,)f(if)d(Console)i(Input)g(Enable)g(is)f -(true,)j(request)f(an)150 2383 y(in)o(terrupt)13 b(at)e(the)i(assigned)f(lev) -o(el.)17 b(UAR)m(T)11 b(Output)h(Ready)g(causes)h(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)e(to) -h(set)g(the)h(Output)f(Ready)150 2433 y(device)j(status)f(and,)g(if)f -(Console)g(Output)i(Enable)f(is)g(true,)g(request)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(at)f -(the)g(assigned)g(lev)o(el.)150 2518 y(The)h(follo)o(wing)e(instructions)j -(are)f(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(for)h(the)i(program)d(to)i(use)h(in)f(comm)o -(unicating)c(with)k(the)h(console)150 2568 y(terminal:)p eop -%%Page: 212 16 -212 15 bop 0 50 a FC(212)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)p 0 355 1495 4 v 0 280 -V -2 353 4 75 v 1493 353 V 538 353 V 579 353 V 746 353 V 12 -384 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -330 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 384 y Fl(8)p 372 353 V 24 w(9)446 -329 y FC(1)0 246 y Fi(RDCTY)332 249 y(Read)19 b(Console)h(\(APR3)f(1,\))156 -329 y FC(703)0 480 y(If)d(a)g(console)g(p)q(ort)g(input)g(c)o(haracter)i(is)e -(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(\(Input)i(Ready)g(true\),)h(dep)q(osit)g(it,)f(righ)o(t)f -(justi\014ed,)i(in)e(the)0 530 y(lo)q(cation)h(addressed)i(b)o(y)e -Fx(E)5 b FC(;)17 b(clear)g(Input)f(Ready)h(\(and)f(clear)h(the)g(input)g(in)o -(terrupt)g(request,)h(if)e(an)o(y\).)26 b(If)16 b(no)0 580 -y(c)o(haracter)f(is)f(a)o(v)n(ailable,)d(store)k(zero)g(in)e(the)i(lo)q -(cation)e(addressed)i(b)o(y)f Fx(E)5 b FC(.)p 0 828 1495 4 -v 0 754 V -2 827 4 75 v 1493 827 V 538 827 V 579 827 V 746 -827 V 12 858 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)548 804 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 858 y Fl(8)p 372 827 -V 24 w(9)446 803 y FC(3)0 720 y Fi(WRCTY)332 723 y(W)n(rite)19 -b(Console)i(\(APR3)d(3,\))156 803 y FC(703)0 954 y(If)c(the)h(console)g(p)q -(ort)f(output)h(UAR)m(T)e(is)i(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(\(Output)j(Ready)f(true\),)h -(send)g(the)g(8{bit)f(c)o(haracter)h(found)0 1004 y(righ)o(t)f(justi\014ed)i -(in)e(the)i(lo)q(cation)e(addressed)i(b)o(y)f Fx(E)5 b FC(;)15 -b(clear)g(Output)h(Ready)e(\(and)h(clear)h(the)f(output)g(in)o(terrupt)0 -1053 y(request,)f(if)d(an)o(y\).)18 b(If)12 b(the)h(console)g(p)q(ort)f -(output)h(UAR)m(T)f(is)g(busy)h(\(Output)g(Ready)f(false\),)g(this)h(op)q -(eration)f(do)q(es)0 1103 y(nothing.)p 0 1352 1495 4 v 0 1277 -V -2 1350 4 75 v 1493 1350 V 538 1350 V 579 1350 V 746 1350 -V 12 1382 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -1327 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1382 y Fl(8)p 372 1350 V 24 -w(9)446 1327 y FC(4)0 1244 y Fi(WRCTYS)332 1247 y(W)n(rite)19 -b(Console)i(Status)e(\(APR3)f(4,\))156 1327 y FC(703)0 1478 -y(This)d(is)f(an)h(immediate)d(mo)q(de)i(instruction.)21 b(The)15 -b(status)h(sen)o(t)g(to)f(the)g(device)h(in)e Fx(E)20 b FC(consists)c(of)e -(the)i(priorit)o(y)0 1527 y(in)o(terrupt)i(lev)o(el)f(assignmen)o(t)f(in)g -(bits)h(33{35)f(and)h(individual)e(in)o(terrupt)j(enables)g(for)e(output)i -(and)f(input)f(in)0 1577 y(bits)e(29)g(and)f(30,)g(as)i(sho)o(wn)f(b)q(elo)o -(w)f(in)h(the)g(description)h(of)f Fv(RDCTYS)p FC(.)e(When)j(the)f(priorit)o -(y)f(lev)o(el)h(is)g(non{zero,)0 1627 y(the)j(console)g(will)e(generate)j(an) -e(in)o(terrupt)h(when)g(Console)f(Output)i(Ready)e(and)g(Output)h(In)o -(terrupt)h(Enable)0 1677 y(are)c(true)h(or)f(when)g(Console)g(Input)g(Ready)g -(and)f(Input)i(In)o(terrupt)g(Enable)f(are)g(true.)p 0 1926 -1495 4 v 0 1851 V -2 1924 4 75 v 1493 1924 V 538 1924 V 579 -1924 V 746 1924 V 12 1955 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 1901 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1955 y Fl(8)p -372 1924 V 24 w(9)446 1900 y FC(5)0 1817 y Fi(RDCTYS)332 1820 -y(Read)19 b(Console)h(Status)f(\(APR3)g(5,\))156 1900 y FC(703)0 -2051 y(Read)13 b(the)h(console)g(status)h(and)e(store)i(it)e(in)g(the)h(lo)q -(cation)f(addressed)i(b)o(y)e Fx(E)5 b FC(.)18 b(The)c(console)g(status)g -(consists)h(of:)p 664 2291 831 2 v 664 2141 V 663 2290 2 150 -v 1494 2290 V 688 2321 a Fl(26)691 2189 y Fx(C)690 2229 y(O)690 -2270 y(N)p 746 2290 V 771 2321 a Fl(27)774 2189 y Fx(C)773 -2229 y(O)781 2270 y(I)p 829 2290 V 854 2321 a Fl(28)857 2189 -y Fx(C)864 2229 y(I)864 2270 y(I)p 912 2290 V 937 2321 a Fl(29)939 -2189 y Fx(O)947 2229 y(I)941 2270 y(E)p 995 2290 V 1020 2321 -a Fl(30)1030 2189 y Fx(I)1030 2229 y(I)1024 2270 y(E)p 1078 -2290 V 1103 2321 a Fl(31)1106 2189 y Fx(C)1105 2229 y(O)1106 -2270 y(R)p 1161 2290 V 1186 2321 a Fl(32)1189 2189 y Fx(C)1196 -2229 y(I)1189 2270 y(R)p 1244 2290 V 1269 2321 a Fl(33)1298 -2205 y Fx(Priority)1324 2254 y(L)n(evel)1435 2321 y Fl(35)0 -2459 y FC(The)f(bits)g(and)g(\014elds)g(returned)i(are)0 2526 -y Fx(CON)104 b Fu(CT\045CON==:1B26)39 b FC(Console)19 b(Mo)q(de.)35 -b(This)19 b(\015ag,)h(when)f(set,)i(indicates)f(that)f(the)h(console)g(p)q -(ort)197 2576 y(is)f(comm)o(unicating)c(with)k(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)e -(console;)j(i.e.,)e(\\Console")f(state.)34 b(When)19 b(clear,)h(the)197 -2626 y(terminal)12 b(is)i(under)h(con)o(trol)f(of)f(the)h(macro)f(program:)j -(\\Program")c(state.)p eop -%%Page: 213 17 -213 16 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.2.)31 b(CONSOLE)1439 b FC(213)150 -195 y Fx(COI)119 b Fu(CT\045COI==:1B27)39 b FC(Console)11 b(Output)i(In)o -(terrupt.)18 b(This)12 b(\015ag)f(is)g(the)h(logical)e(AND)h(of)g -Fx(OIE)17 b FC(\(output)347 245 y(in)o(terrupt)g(enable\))g(and)f -Fx(COR)i FC(\(console)f(output)f(ready\))h(and)f(a)h(non{zero)f(priorit)o(y)g -(lev)o(el.)25 b(This)347 295 y(\015ag)14 b(is)f(read{only)m(.)150 -380 y Fx(CII)135 b Fu(CT\045CII==:1B28)39 b FC(Console)18 b(Input)g(In)o -(terrupt.)31 b(This)17 b(\015ag)g(is)h(the)g(logical)e(AND)i(of)f -Fx(IIE)23 b FC(\(input)347 430 y(in)o(terrupt)15 b(enable\))f(and)f -Fx(CIR)i FC(\(console)g(input)e(ready\))h(and)g(a)f(non{zero)h(priorit)o(y)f -(lev)o(el.)18 b(This)13 b(\015ag)347 480 y(is)h(read{only)m(.)150 -565 y Fx(OIE)121 b Fu(CT\045OIE==:1B29)39 b FC(Output)15 b(In)o(terrupt)f -(Enable.)19 b(If)13 b(set)i(when)f(the)g(assigned)g(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el)g -(is)h(not)347 615 y(zero)i(and)g(when)f(Console)h(Output)g(Ready)f(is)g -(true,)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(will)e(b)q(e)i(requested.)24 b(This)15 -b(\015ag)347 665 y(is)f(set)h(b)o(y)e Fv(WRCTYS)p FC(.)150 -751 y Fx(IIE)137 b Fu(CT\045IIE==:1B30)39 b FC(Input)17 b(In)o(terrupt)g -(Enable.)26 b(If)16 b(set)h(when)g(the)g(assigned)f(priorit)o(y)g(lev)o(el)g -(is)g(not)347 800 y(zero)g(and)e(when)i(Console)e(Input)h(Ready)g(is)f(true,) -i(an)e(in)o(terrupt)i(will)d(b)q(e)i(requested.)23 b(This)15 -b(\015ag)f(is)347 850 y(set)h(b)o(y)f Fv(WRCTYS)p FC(.)150 -936 y Fx(COR)105 b Fu(CT\045COR==:1B31)39 b FC(Console)15 b(Output)h(Ready)m -(.)k(When)15 b(set,)h(this)f(\015ag)g(indicates)g(that)g(the)h(console)347 -986 y(p)q(ort)k(UAR)m(T)e(is)h(free;)i(another)f(output)f(c)o(haracter)h(can) -f(b)q(e)h(accepted.)35 b(This)19 b(\015ag)f(requests)j(an)347 -1035 y(in)o(terrupt)d(when)f(set,)g(if)f(a)g(non{zero)h(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o -(el)g(is)h(assigned)f(and)h Fx(OIE)f FC(is)h(set.)27 b(This)16 -b(\015ag)g(is)347 1085 y(read{only)m(.)150 1171 y Fx(CIR)121 -b Fu(CT\045CIR==:1B32)39 b FC(Console)18 b(Input)g(Ready)m(.)28 -b(When)18 b(set,)h(this)f(\015ag)f(indicates)i(that)e(the)i(console)347 -1221 y(p)q(ort)e(UAR)m(T)f(has)g(a)g(c)o(haracter)i(a)o(v)n(ailable)c(to)i(b) -q(e)h(read.)26 b(This)16 b(\015ag)g(requests)i(an)e(in)o(terrupt)h(when)347 -1270 y(set,)e(if)e(a)g(non{zero)i(priorit)o(y)e(lev)o(el)g(is)h(assigned)g -(and)g Fx(IIE)g FC(is)g(set.)19 b(This)13 b(\015ag)h(is)g(read{only)m(.)150 -1356 y Fx(Priority)150 1406 y(L)n(evel)347 1356 y Fu(CT\045PIA==:7)40 -b FC(Console)11 b(In)o(terrupt)i(Assigned)g(Priorit)o(y)e(Lev)o(el.)17 -b(If)11 b(zero,)i(console)f(activit)o(y)f(will)f(not)347 1406 -y(in)o(terrupt)15 b(the)f(program.)j(Otherwise,)d(this)g(is)g(the)g(lev)o(el) -g(on)f(whic)o(h)h(in)o(terrupts)h(will)d(b)q(e)j(requested)347 -1456 y(for)f(input)g(or)f(output.)19 b(This)13 b(\014eld)h(is)g(set)h(b)o(y)e -Fv(WRCTYS)p FC(.)p 150 1741 1495 4 v 150 1666 V 148 1739 4 -75 v 1643 1739 V 688 1739 V 729 1739 V 896 1739 V 162 1771 -a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1716 -y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1771 y Fl(8)p 522 1739 V 24 w(9)596 -1715 y FC(6)150 1633 y Fi(SZCTYS)482 1636 y(Skip)20 b(if)f(Zero,)g(Console)h -(Status)f(\(APR3)g(6,\))306 1715 y FC(703)150 1867 y(This)e(instruction)g -(tests)h(bits)f(18{35)e(of)h(the)i(console)f(status)g(\(as)g(indicated)g(b)o -(y)f Fv(RDCTYS)p FC(\))h(against)f(the)h(im-)150 1916 y(mediate)d(mask)f -(supplied)i(b)o(y)g(bits)g(18{35)f(of)g Fx(E)5 b FC(.)22 b(If)14 -b(all)g(status)i(bits)f(selected)i(b)o(y)d(1s)h(in)g Fx(E)20 -b FC(are)15 b(zero,)h(the)f(next)150 1966 y(instruction)f(in)g(sequence)i(is) -d(skipp)q(ed.)p 150 2215 1495 4 v 150 2140 V 148 2213 4 75 -v 1643 2213 V 688 2213 V 729 2213 V 896 2213 V 162 2245 a Fl(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2190 y Fx(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)494 2245 y Fl(8)p 522 2213 V 24 w(9)596 2189 y -FC(7)150 2107 y Fi(SNCTYS)482 2110 y(Skip)20 b(if)f(Non{zero,)g(Console)h -(Status)f(\(APR3)f(7,\))306 2189 y FC(703)150 2340 y(This)13 -b(instruction)h(tests)g(bits)g(18{35)d(of)i(the)h(console)f(status)h(\(as)g -(indicated)f(b)o(y)g Fv(RDCTYS)p FC(\))g(against)f(the)i(imme-)150 -2390 y(diate)g(mask)f(supplied)h(b)o(y)f(bits)h(18{35)f(of)h -Fx(E)5 b FC(.)18 b(If)c(not)g(all)f(status)h(bits)g(selected)i(b)o(y)e(1s)g -(in)g Fx(E)19 b FC(are)14 b(zero,)h(the)f(next)150 2440 y(instruction)g(in)g -(sequence)i(is)d(skipp)q(ed.)p eop -%%Page: 214 18 -214 17 bop 0 50 a FC(214)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y Fy(3.2.4)55 b(Auxiliary)17 -b(P)n(ort)0 307 y FC(As)d(men)o(tioned)e(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)h(the)h(XKL)553 -303 y(-)566 307 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)i(has)f(an)f(auxiliary)f(console)i(p)q -(ort)g(to)f(whic)o(h)g(a)h(mo)q(dem)d(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)0 357 -y(connected)16 b(to)f(allo)o(w)e(a)h(p)q(erson)i(at)e(a)h(remote)f(lo)q -(cation)g(to)g(w)o(atc)o(h)h(and)f(in)o(teract)i(with)e(the)h(system)f(as)h -(though)0 407 y(using)j(the)i(lo)q(cal)d(console)i(terminal.)31 -b(The)19 b(second)h(p)q(ort)f(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(used)h(to)e(pro)o(vide)h(a)f -(facilit)o(y)f(for)h(remote)0 457 y(diagnosis.)0 542 y(The)13 -b(auxiliary)e(p)q(ort)i(is)f(equipp)q(ed)h(for)f(RS232)g(mo)q(dem)e(con)o -(trol.)17 b(When)c(the)g(p)q(ort)g(is)f(disabled,)g(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)0 -592 y(will)18 b(not)h(answ)o(er)h(incoming)e(calls.)34 b(When)19 -b(enabled,)i(the)f(micro)q(co)q(de)f(will)f(assert)j(DTR)d(\(Data)h(T)m -(erminal)0 642 y(Ready\))e(on)h(the)g(p)q(ort)g(so)g(that)g(it)f(can)h(answ)o -(er)g(an)g(incoming)d(call.)58 b(The)18 b(micro)q(co)q(de)g(will)e -(\\connect")i(the)0 692 y(diagnostic)e(terminal)f(\\in)h(parallel")f(with)h -(the)i(lo)q(cal)d(console)i(terminal)e(p)q(ort:)24 b(all)16 -b(information)d(sen)o(t)18 b(to)e(the)0 742 y(console)e(p)q(ort)g(will)d(b)q -(e)k(copied)e(to)g(the)i(diagnostic)d(p)q(ort;)i(k)o(eystrok)o(es)g(from)e -(either)i(p)q(ort)g(will)e(b)q(e)i(accepted)h(as)f(if)0 792 -y(they)g(came)f(from)g(the)h(lo)q(cal)f(console)h(p)q(ort,)g(and)g(they)g -(will)f(b)q(e)h(ec)o(ho)q(ed)h(to)f(b)q(oth.)0 877 y(Both)e(serial)f(comm)o -(unication)e(p)q(orts)j(are)g(resp)q(onsiv)o(e)h(to)e Fu()f -FC(for)i(stopping)f(t)o(yp)q(e{out)h(and)f(to)h Fu()0 -927 y FC(for)i(resuming)g(it.)21 b(If)14 b(the)i(line)e(sp)q(eeds)j(of)d(the) -h(t)o(w)o(o)g(p)q(orts)g(are)h(di\013eren)o(t,)f(throughput)g(will)f(b)q(e)h -(limited)e(b)o(y)h(the)0 977 y(rate)g(of)g(the)g(slo)o(w)o(er)g(p)q(ort.)0 -1129 y Fy(3.2.5)55 b(Console)19 b(Commands)0 1241 y FC(Both)14 -b(the)h(micro{console)d(and)i(macro{console)f(commands)e(are)k(do)q(cumen)o -(ted)e(in)h(App)q(endix)g(E.)0 1393 y Fy(3.2.6)55 b(Console)19 -b(Comm)n(unication)d(Characteristics)0 1505 y FC(Both)d(console)h(p)q(orts)g -(app)q(ear)f(as)g(Data)g(T)m(erminal)d(Equipmen)o(t)i(\(DTE\))i(on)f -(standard,)g(25{pin)f(D-series)i(plugs.)0 1555 y(The)f(main)d(console)j(p)q -(ort)g(is)f(wired)h(for)f(Signal)f(Ground,)h(T)m(ransmit)f(Data,)h(and)g -(Receiv)o(e)h(Data.)k(The)c(auxiliary)0 1605 y(p)q(ort)i(is)g(wired)g(for)g -(those)g(three)i(signal)c(and)i(for)g(Data)f(T)m(erminal)f(Ready)m(,)g(Ring)h -(Indicate,)h(Request)h(to)f(Send,)0 1655 y(and)k(Carrier)h(Detect.)37 -b(The)20 b(mo)q(dem)d(con)o(trol)i(signals)g(are)h(con)o(trolled)f(and)g -(monitored)f(b)o(y)i(means)e(of)h(the)0 1705 y Fv(W)o(CTRLF)14 -b FC(and)f Fv(RCTRLF)h FC(instructions,)g(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)0 -1790 y(Both)g(p)q(orts)h(op)q(erate)g(at)e(9600)g(baud,)h(with)f(8)h(data)f -(bits,)h(1)f(stop)h(bit,)g(and)f(no)h(parit)o(y)m(.)0 1963 -y Ft(3.3)70 b(Pro)r(cessor)23 b(Initializ)o(ation)0 2090 y -FC(This)13 b(section)h(is)g(sp)q(eci\014c)g(to)g(the)g(XKL)630 -2086 y(-)642 2090 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)i(implemen)o(tation.)g(F)m(uture)f(mo)q -(dels)e(ma)o(y)f(di\013er)j(in)f(detail.)0 2175 y(The)g(XKL)175 -2171 y(-)187 2175 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)i(con)o(tains)f(read{only)e(memory)f -(from)h(whic)o(h)h(it)g(loads)g(its)g(op)q(erating)h(micro)q(co)q(de)e(when)0 -2225 y(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)j(is)g(applied.)0 2311 y(Eac)o(h)g(XKL)194 -2307 y(-)206 2311 y(1)g(in)f(a)h(system)g(will)e(p)q(erform)h(the)i(follo)o -(wing)c(initialization)g(steps:)62 2438 y FA(\017)21 b FC(Micro{co)q(de)14 -b(initialization:)150 2529 y Fz({)21 b FC(Set)12 b(the)g(error)g(ligh)o(t)e -(\(red)i(LED)f(sho)o(wing)f(through)i(the)g(mo)q(dule)d(co)o(v)o(er)j -(panel\))f(so)g(that)h(an)o(y)e(failures)195 2579 y(during)k(self{test)g -(will)f(lea)o(v)o(e)g(the)i(ligh)o(t)e(on.)p eop -%%Page: 215 19 -215 18 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.3.)31 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)14 b(INITIALIZA)m(TION)1031 -b FC(215)300 195 y Fz({)21 b FC(P)o(erform)14 b(micro)q(co)q(de)f(lev)o(el)h -(self{test.)21 b(This)14 b(tests)i(the)f(in)o(ternal)f(CPU)g(datapaths,)h -(registers,)g(and)345 245 y(con)o(trol)f(logic.)j(If)d(an)o(y)f(failures)h -(are)g(detected)i(during)e(these)h(tests,)g(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(lo)q(ops) -f(lea)o(ving)345 295 y(the)h(error)g(ligh)o(t)f(illumi)o(nated)e(but)j -(without)f(prin)o(ting)g(an)o(ything)f(on)h(the)h(console.)k(\(The)c(console) -g(is)345 345 y(not)g(used)h(b)q(ecause)g(it)f(has)g(not)g(b)q(een)h(tested)g -(y)o(et.\))300 411 y Fz({)21 b FC(P)o(erform)13 b(secondary)i(testing)f(of)f -(remaining)f(in)o(ternal)h(CPU)h(hardw)o(are)g(whic)o(h)g(is)f(not)h(vital)f -(to)g(the)345 461 y(micro{console)g(op)q(eration.)300 527 y -Fz({)21 b FC(Chec)o(k)12 b(NVRAM)g(for)f(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)h(failure.)17 -b(Set)12 b(bit)g Fu(AP\045NVB)e FC(in)h Fv(RD)o(APR)g FC(if)f(a)i(p)q(o)o(w)o -(er)g(failure)f(is)g(detected.)300 594 y Fz({)21 b FC(When)13 -b(these)i(tests)g(are)e(complete,)f(extinguish)h(the)h(error)g(ligh)o(t)e -(and)h(the)h(four)f(green)h(ligh)o(ts)e(b)q(elo)o(w)345 643 -y(it.)17 b(Prin)o(t)12 b(one)g(line)g(iden)o(tifying)e(the)j(pro)q(cessor)g -(t)o(yp)q(e)g(and)f(micro)q(co)q(de)f(v)o(ersion.)18 b(If)11 -b(an)o(y)h(errors)h(w)o(ere)345 693 y(encoun)o(tered)j(during)e(secondary)g -(testing,)g(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)e(will)g(prin)o(t)g(the)i(follo)o(wing)c -(message:)423 760 y Fu(?INITERR)20 b Fx(nnn)345 826 y FC(The)13 -b(micro{co)q(de)e(will)g(attempt)g(to)h(con)o(tin)o(ue,)g(but)h(prop)q(er)g -(op)q(eration)f(of)f(the)i(system)f(is)g(doubtful.)345 876 -y(The)j(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(prin)o(ted,)h Fx(nnn)s FC(,)h(is)f(a)g(bit)g(mask)f -(indicating)g(the)i(failed)e(tests.)20 b(The)15 b(follo)o(wing)c(v)n(alues) -345 926 y(indicate)j(particular)g(failures:)345 993 y(1)122 -b(The)15 b(data)e(did)h(not)f(compare)h(during)f(the)i(FIF)o(O)f(test.)345 -1079 y(2)122 b(When)14 b(the)h(FIF)o(O)f(test)h(ended)g(the)f(FIF)o(O)h(w)o -(as)e(not)h(empt)o(y)m(.)345 1164 y(4)122 b(The)15 b(FIF)o(O)f(b)q(ecame)g -(empt)o(y)e(b)q(efore)j(the)g(test)f(w)o(as)g(complete.)345 -1250 y(10)101 b(The)15 b(XIlinx)e(test)i(failed.)300 1326 y -Fz({)21 b FC(T)m(est)16 b(for)f(the)i(presence)h(of)d(the)h(option)f(jump)q -(er)g(J2{0.)23 b(\(With)15 b(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(b)q(oard)f(held)g(in)f(its) -345 1376 y(usual)f(orien)o(tation,)f(J2{0)h(is)g(at)g(the)h(top)f(p)q -(osition)f(of)h(the)h(four)f(jump)q(ers.\))19 b(This)14 b(jump)q(er)f(app)q -(ears)345 1426 y(as)i(bit)f(0)g(in)f(the)i Fv(APRID)e FC(data)h(at)g -(o\013set)i(+1.)j(If)14 b(the)h(jump)q(er)f(is)g(presen)o(t,)h(do)f(not)h -(run)f(an)o(y)g(macro)345 1475 y(co)q(de;)19 b(just)f(prompt)e(for)h(a)g -(command)d(with)j(the)h(macro{console)e(disabled)h(\(the)h(micro{console)345 -1525 y Fu(.M)e FC(command)d(can)j(b)q(e)h(used)g(to)f(enable)g(the)h -(macro{console)e(man)o(ually\).)21 b(If)16 b(the)h(jump)q(er)e(is)h(not)345 -1575 y(presen)o(t)i(\(this)e(is)g(the)h(usual)f(case\),)h(initialize)e(the)i -(macro{console)e(b)o(y)h(starting)g(it)f(at)h(o\013set)h(+3,)345 -1625 y(with)f(the)i(pager)f(disabled.)26 b(The)17 b(macro{console)e(fetc)o -(hes)j(instructions)g(from)d(the)i(CPU's)g(Bo)q(ot)345 1675 -y(R)o(OM.)212 1766 y FA(\017)k FC(Macro{console)14 b(initialization:)300 -1849 y Fz({)21 b FC(P)o(erform)15 b(some)f(basic)i(instruction)f(tests)i(to)f -(further)g(v)o(erify)f(prop)q(er)h(op)q(eration)g(of)f(the)h(hardw)o(are)345 -1899 y(and)e(micro)q(co)q(de.)19 b(If)13 b(there)j(are)f(an)o(y)e(failures)h -(during)g(this)g(pro)q(cess,)i(the)f(macro{console)e(will)g(halt)345 -1949 y(and)h(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(will)e(prin)o(t:)423 2015 -y(?MCON)i(HAL)m(T)f(at)h(xxx)345 2082 y(The)k(PC)f(of)f(the)i -Fv(HAL)m(T)f FC(instruction)h(can)f(b)q(e)h(used)g(to)f(iden)o(tify)f(the)i -(problem)e(with)g(the)i(XKL)1917 2078 y(-)1929 2082 y(1)345 -2131 y(pro)q(cessor's)e(instruction)e(set.)300 2198 y Fz({)21 -b FC(Prin)o(t)15 b(macro{console)f(v)o(ersion,)i(system)f(ID,)f(options,)h -(and)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(v)o(ersion.)22 b(\(See)16 b(the)g -Fu(SHOW)345 2248 y(VERSION)c FC(command)g(in)h(App)q(endix)h(E.\))300 -2314 y Fz({)21 b FC(Chec)o(ksum)14 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)i(Bo)q -(ot)f(R)o(OM)g(and)f(rep)q(ort)i(an)o(y)f(error.)300 2380 y -Fz({)21 b FC(V)m(alidate)10 b(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(non{v)o(olatile)f -(RAM)i(\(NVRAM\).)g(If)f(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(NVRAM)g(are)g(not)345 -2430 y(v)n(alid,)g(then)i(the)g(en)o(tire)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(are)g(set)g(to)f -(zero,)i(except)f(that)g(all)e(system)h(start{up)h(parameters)345 -2480 y(are)h(set)h(to)f(disabled.)k(\(See)d Fu(DISABLE)20 b(ALL)13 -b FC(in)h(App)q(endix)g(E.\))300 2546 y Fz({)21 b FC(Set)13 -b(the)g(state)h(of)e(the)h(auxiliary)d(console)j(from)e(data)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)h -(in)f(NVRAM.)g(\(The)h(auxiliary)e(console)345 2596 y(is)j(disabled)g(if)f -(the)h(NVRAM)g(w)o(as)g(not)f(v)n(alid)g(in)g(the)i(previous)f(step.\))p -eop -%%Page: 216 20 -216 19 bop 0 50 a FC(216)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)150 195 y Fz({)21 b FC(If)d -Fu(AP\045NVB)f FC(is)h(set)h(in)f Fv(RD)o(APR)f FC(data,)i(issue)g(a)f -(message)g(w)o(arning)f(of)h(an)g(NVRAM)g(lo)o(w)f(battery)195 -245 y(condition)150 311 y Fz({)k FC(If)14 b Fu(AP\045PWR)e -FC(is)i(set)h(in)e Fv(RD)o(APR)g FC(data,)g(issue)h(a)g(mesage)f(w)o(arning)g -(of)h(a)f(system)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)g(problem.)150 378 y Fz({)21 -b FC(Rep)q(ort)14 b(an)o(y)g(system)f(start{up)i(parameters)f(that)g(are)g -(disabled.)150 444 y Fz({)21 b FC(If)14 b(Cac)o(he{T)m(est)g(is)g(enabled)g -(\(see)h Fu(ENABLE/DISABLE)c FC(in)j(App)q(endix)g(E\),)g(test)h(the)f(XKL) -1606 440 y(-)1618 444 y(1)g(cac)o(he.)150 511 y Fz({)21 b FC(If)14 -b(P)o(ager{T)m(est)g(is)g(enabled,)f(test)i(the)g(XKL)901 507 -y(-)913 511 y(1)f(pager)g(\(the)g(translation)g(bu\013er\).)150 -577 y Fz({)21 b FC(If)15 b(Bus{P)o(oll)f(is)h(enabled,)g(p)q(oll)f(eac)o(h)h -(slot)g(\(1{15\))f(to)g(determine)h(whic)o(h)g(con)o(trollers)g(are)h -(installed)195 627 y(\(including)h(this)h(CPU's)g(slot)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er\).) -29 b(If)17 b(a)h(previous)g(con\014guration)f(is)h(stored)g(in)f(NVRAM,)195 -677 y(prin)o(t)d(an)o(y)f(discrepancies)j(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)f(that)f(and)g -(the)g(curren)o(t)i(con\014guration.)150 743 y Fz({)21 b FC(If)c(there)j(are) -e(m)o(ultiple)d(CPUs)k(in)e(the)h(system,)g(sync)o(hronize)h(with)f(eac)o(h)g -(and)f(c)o(ho)q(ose)i(a)e(master)195 793 y(pro)q(cessor.)23 -b(If)14 b(this)h(CPU)g(is)g(not)g(the)g(master,)g(w)o(ait)f(for)g -(instructions)i(from)d(the)i(master)g(CPU.)f(If)195 843 y(this)g(CPU)g(is)g -(the)g(master,)f(pro)q(ceed.)150 909 y Fz({)21 b FC(If)13 b -(Con\014gure{Memory)f(is)h(enabled,)g(con\014gure)h(all)e(memory)f(con)o -(trollers.)18 b(During)13 b(con\014guration,)195 959 y(test)i(and/or)f(clear) -g(according)g(to)f(the)i(follo)o(wing)c(settings:)220 1025 -y(1.)20 b(If)15 b(T)m(est{Memory)g(is)h(enabled,)g(p)q(erform)f(all)f(memory) -f(tests,)18 b(clear)e(memory)m(,)d(and)i(con\014gure)273 1075 -y(memory)m(.)220 1133 y(2.)20 b(If)13 b(T)m(est{Memory)g(is)h(disabled)f(but) -h(Clear{Memory)e(is)i(enabled,)f(clear)i(and)e(con\014gure)i(mem-)273 -1183 y(ory)m(.)220 1241 y(3.)20 b(If)13 b(neither)i(is)f(enabled,)g -(con\014gure)g(memory)m(.)150 1308 y Fz({)21 b FC(If)15 b -(Device{Con\014guration)h(is)f(enabled,)h(p)q(oll)f(for)g(direct{access)k -(devices)d(\(disks\))h(on)e(eac)o(h)h(bus)h(of)195 1357 y(eac)o(h)e(XRH)384 -1353 y(-)395 1357 y(1)f(Mass{Storage)g(In)o(terface)h(Pro)q(cessor)h(and)e -(issue)g(a)g(start)g(command)d(if)j(necessary)m(.)150 1424 -y Fz({)21 b FC(If)14 b(Auto{Bo)q(ot)h(is)f(enabled,)g(attempt)g(to)g(b)q(o)q -(ot)h(the)g(op)q(erating)f(system)g(using)h(defaults)f(\(see)i -Fu(BOOT)195 1474 y FC(command)11 b(in)j(App)q(endix)g(E\).)150 -1540 y Fz({)21 b FC(If)15 b(an)h(Auto{Bo)q(ot)f(is)h(successfully)g(p)q -(erformed,)f(the)i(macro{console)d(en)o(ters)j(\\Pgm")d(mo)q(de)g(with)195 -1590 y(the)20 b(macro{co)q(de)f(running.)34 b(Otherwise,)22 -b(the)d(macro{console)g(en)o(ters)h(\\Con")f(mo)q(de)f(with)h(the)195 -1640 y(macro{co)q(de)13 b(halted.)0 1792 y Fy(3.3.1)55 b(Bo)r(ot)18 -b(R)n(OM)0 1904 y FC(The)e(Bo)q(ot)g(R)o(OM)f(consists)i(of)e(\014v)o(e)h -(2M{bit)f(EPR)o(OMs)h(whic)o(h)g(are)g(organized)g(as)g(one)g(256K{w)o(ord)e -(memory)0 1954 y(\()p Fu(BR\045SIZ==:1000000)p FC(\).)h(The)f(Bo)q(ot)g(R)o -(OM)g(resp)q(onds)h(to)f(addresses)i(in)d(Slot)h(0,)f(section)i(10)e(\()p -Fu(BTSECT==:10)p FC(\).)0 2039 y(The)k(Bo)q(ot)g(R)o(OM)f(con)o(tains)h(the)g -Fw(TDBoot)g FC(program;)e(a)i(cop)o(y)f(of)g Fw(Ddt)p FC(;diagnostics)g(for)g -(the)h(cac)o(he,)h(pager,)0 2089 y(and)c(main)d(memory;)g(and)j(a)g(CPU)g(v)o -(eri\014cation)g(test.)0 2175 y(The)19 b(Bo)q(ot)g(R)o(OM)g(is)g(accessed)i -(when)f(the)f(pager)g(is)g(o\013)g(b)o(y)g(CPU)g(references)j(to)c(addresses) -j(in)e(section)g(10)0 2225 y(\(unpaged)f(accesses)i(imply)15 -b(slot)i(0\).)28 b(The)18 b(Bo)q(ot)g(R)o(OM)f(ma)o(y)f(also)g(b)q(e)i -(accessed)i(while)d(the)h(pager)g(is)f(on)g(b)o(y)0 2274 y(using)c(an)g -(immedia)o(te)e(page)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)592 2259 y Fn(4)625 2274 -y FC(that)g(sp)q(eci\014es)i(slot)e(0)g(and)g(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(in)g -(the)h(range)f(10000{10777;)0 2324 y(suc)o(h)j(references)h(should)e(b)q(e)h -(uncac)o(hed.)22 b(\(References)17 b(through)e(the)h(pager)f(are)h(uncac)o -(hed)g(when)f(there)h(is)f(no)0 2374 y(CST.\))0 2460 y(The)f(program)f(that)h -(implem)o(en)o(ts)e(the)j(macro{console)d(is)i(in)f(the)i(Bo)q(ot)f(R)o(OM.)p -0 2494 720 2 v 46 2521 a Fm(4)64 2533 y Fl(See)c Fh(x)p Fl(3.7.1.)p -eop -%%Page: 217 21 -217 20 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.4.)31 b(PRIORITY)13 b(INTERR)o(UPT)1161 -b FC(217)150 195 y Fy(3.3.2)55 b(Initial)18 b(Program)f(En)n(vironmen)n(t)150 -307 y FC(F)m(or)12 b(the)h(macro{console)e(commands)f(that)j(load)e(programs) -g(\(i.e.,)h Fu(BOOT)f FC(\()p Fu(RUN)p FC(\),)h Fu(LOAD)g FC(\()p -Fu(GET)p FC(\),)f(and)h Fu(MERGE)p FC(\),)f(the)150 357 y Fw(TDBoot)i -FC(program)e(will)g(create)k(a)d(virtual{memory)d(en)o(vironmen)o(t)j(for)g -(the)i(program)d(it)h(loads,)g(as)h(describ)q(ed)150 407 y(here.)25 -b(If)15 b(the)i Fu(.EXE)e FC(\014le)h(sp)q(eci\014es)h(that)f(an)o(ything)f -(is)h(to)f(b)q(e)i(loaded)e(in)o(to)g(section)i(zero,)f Fw(TDBoot)h -FC(creates)g(a)150 457 y(complete)f(section)h(zero)g(in)f(linear)g(pages)g(n) -o(um)o(b)q(ered)h(0)f(through)g(777.)25 b(F)m(or)15 b(programs)h(that)g(sp)q -(ecify)h(virtual)150 507 y(addresses)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)d(section)h(zero,)g -Fw(TDBoot)g FC(allo)q(cates)f(memory)e(starting)j(at)f(linear)g(page)h(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)f(1000)f(and)150 557 y(consecutiv)o(e)i(linear)d(pages)i(as)f -(directed)h(b)o(y)f(the)h Fu(.EXE)e FC(\014le)h(b)q(eing)h(loaded.)j(P)o -(ages)c(explicitly)g(describ)q(ed)h(b)o(y)f(the)150 606 y Fu(.EXE)i -FC(\014le)g(as)h(con)o(taining)e(zero)j(will)d(b)q(e)i(created)h(with)e -(zeros)i(in)e(them.)22 b(P)o(ages)16 b(outside)g(of)f(section)h(zero)h(that) -150 656 y(are)d(not)g(explicitly)f(men)o(tioned)g(b)o(y)g(the)i -Fu(.EXE)e FC(\014le)h(are)g(not)g(created.)150 742 y Fw(TDBoot)j -FC(creates)h(an)f(Executiv)o(e)g(Pro)q(cess)i(T)m(able,)d(a)g(User)i(Pro)q -(cess)g(T)m(able,)e(and)h(sup)q(ersection)h(tables)f(and)150 -792 y(page)12 b(tables)g(as)g(needed;)i(these)f(are)g(allo)q(cated)e(in)h -(memory)d(starting)j(at)g(the)h(highest)f(linear)g(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -(and)150 841 y(w)o(orking)k(do)o(wn)o(w)o(ard.)23 b(The)16 -b(page)f(tables)h(will)e(use)j(immedia)o(te,)d(writable)h(page)h(p)q(oin)o -(ters)g(to)f(describ)q(e)j(where)150 891 y(the)d(loaded)g(pages)g(reside)g -(in)g(memory)m(.)i(The)e(page)g(tables)g(do)g(not)f(reference)j(themselv)o -(es;)e(i.e.,)f(they)h(are)g(not)150 941 y(part)f(of)e(the)i(virtual{address)g -(space)g(that)g(they)g(describ)q(e.)19 b Fw(TDBoot)14 b FC(will)e(not)h -(create)i(a)e(CST;)g(therefore,)h(no)150 991 y(references)k(are)d(cac)o -(heable.)21 b(No)14 b(SPT)h(is)g(created.)22 b(See)15 b(also)f -FA(x)q FC(3.7.)19 b Fw(TDBoot)c FC(will)e(map)g(its)i(R)o(OM)f(co)q(de)i(in)o -(to)150 1041 y(section)e(36.)j(In)c(the)h(initial)d(UPT)i(and)g(EPT,)g -Fw(TDBoot)g FC(will)f(set)h(up)h(page)e(trap)i(and)e(pushdo)o(wn)i(trap)f(en) -o(tries)150 1090 y(that)h(p)q(oin)o(t)f(to)h(its)g(o)o(wn)f(trap)h(handlers)h -(in)e(section)i(36.)150 1263 y Ft(3.4)70 b(Priorit)n(y)22 b(In)n(terrupt)150 -1390 y FC(The)17 b(TO)o(AD)364 1386 y(-)375 1390 y(1)f(System)g(con)o(tains)g -(v)n(arious)g(pro)q(cessors)i(that)e(share)h(the)g(bac)o(kplane)f(bus.)26 -b(The)16 b(v)n(arious)g(sub-)150 1440 y(systems)h(are)g(subsidiary)f(to)g -(the)h(XKL)797 1436 y(-)810 1440 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor,)i(but)f(they)g(main)o -(tain)d(a)i(degree)i(of)e(autonom)o(y)e(from)h(it.)150 1490 -y(Eac)o(h)g(subsystem)f(pro)q(cessor)j(generally)d(op)q(erates)h(from)e(its)h -(o)o(wn)g(in{memory)e(command)f(queue)k(and)g(signals)150 1540 -y(the)j(completion)f(of)g(a)g(task)h(b)o(y)g(mo)o(ving)d(an)j(item)e(from)h -(the)h(command)d(queue)k(to)f(the)g(completed)f(list.)30 b(A)150 -1589 y(subsystem)12 b(pro)q(cessor)i(in)o(terrupts)e(the)h(XKL)879 -1585 y(-)891 1589 y(1)e(when)h(errors)h(o)q(ccur)g(or)f(when)g(it)f -(completes)h(a)f(task)h(and)g(causes)150 1639 y(the)i(completed)g(list)f(to)h -(transition)f(from)g(empt)o(y)f(to)i(non{empt)o(y)m(.)150 1725 -y(The)g(priorit)o(y{in)o(terrupt)f(\(PI\))h(system)g(allo)o(ws)e(the)i(v)n -(arious)f(subsystem)h(pro)q(cessors)h(to)f(in)o(terrupt)g(the)g(XKL)1917 -1721 y(-)1929 1725 y(1)150 1775 y(at)20 b(assigned)g(lev)o(els)g(of)g -(priorit)o(y)f(so)h(that)h(all)d(can)j(op)q(erate)g(sim)o(ultaneously)m(.)34 -b(The)20 b(hardw)o(are)h(also)e(allo)o(ws)150 1824 y(conditions)14 -b(in)o(ternal)f(to)h(the)g(cen)o(tral)h(pro)q(cessor,)g(e.g.,)d(in)o(terv)n -(al)i(expiration,)e(to)i(request)i(in)o(terrupts.)150 1976 -y Fy(3.4.1)55 b(Sources)19 b(of)f(In)n(terrupts)150 2089 y -FC(An)o(y)c(subsystem)g(pro)q(cessor)i(on)e(the)h(TO)o(AD)877 -2085 y(-)889 2089 y(1)e(System)h(bac)o(kplane)g(bus)h(ma)o(y)d(signal)h(an)h -(in)o(terrupt,)g(pro)o(vided)150 2138 y(the)e(program)d(has)i(enabled)h(it)e -(to)h(do)g(so.)17 b(Suc)o(h)11 b(in)o(terrupts)i(are)e(iden)o(ti\014ed)g(b)q -(elo)o(w)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(ph)o(ysical)g(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)150 -2188 y(from)h(whic)o(h)i(they)g(originate.)150 2274 y(Additionally)m(,)d(the) -k(XKL)561 2270 y(-)573 2274 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)i(has)e(sev)o(eral)h -(appurtenances)h(that)e(ma)o(y)f(in)o(terrupt,)h(when)h(enabled)f(b)o(y)150 -2324 y(the)i(program)d(to)i(do)g(so;)g(these)h(are)g(called)f(\\in)o(ternal)f -(devices".)23 b(The)15 b(in)o(ternal)g(devices)h(include)f(the)h(console)150 -2373 y(terminal)c(p)q(ort,)i(the)g(in)o(terv)n(al)f(timer,)g(the)h(error)h -(logic,)d(and)i(the)h(program)d(request)j(facilit)o(y)m(.)p -eop -%%Page: 218 22 -218 21 bop 0 50 a FC(218)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y Fy(3.4.2)55 b(Priorit)n(y)18 -b(Lev)n(els)0 307 y FC(In)o(terrupts)c(are)e(handled)g(on)g(eigh)o(t)g(\\lev) -o(els")f(arranged)i(in)e(priorit)o(y)h(sequence,)i(with)d(lev)o(el)h(0)g(b)q -(eing)g(the)h(highest)0 357 y(priorit)o(y)g(and)h(lev)o(el)f(7)h(b)q(eing)g -(the)g(lo)o(w)o(est.)0 443 y(Lev)o(el)k(0)g(is)f(totally)g(unlik)o(e)g(the)i -(other)f(lev)o(els,)h(in)e(that)h(the)h(in)o(terruption)f(of)f(the)i(normal)d -(\015o)o(w)h(of)h(program)0 493 y(execution)10 b(is)f(totally)f(in)o(visible) -g(at)i(the)g(lev)o(el)f(of)f(the)i(PDP{10)f(instruction)h(set)g(pro)q -(cessor:)18 b(activit)o(y)8 b(on)h(in)o(terrupt)0 542 y(lev)o(el)h(0)h(o)q -(ccurs)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(macro)e(instructions.)17 b(Lev)o(el)11 -b(0)g(is)f(not)h(under)g(the)h(con)o(trol)e(of)g(the)i(program:)j(the)c -Fv(WRPI)0 592 y FC(instruction)j(\()p FA(x)q FC(3.4.8\))e(do)q(es)j(not)f -(a\013ect)g(lev)o(el)g(0.)k(Lev)o(el)c(0)f(is)h(enabled)g(whether)h(the)g(PI) -f(system)g(is)f(on)h(or)g(o\013.)0 678 y(Lev)o(el)g(0)g(is)f(used)i(b)o(y)f -(the)g(pro)q(cessor's)i(op)q(erating)e(micro)q(co)q(de)f(for)h(the)g(follo)o -(wing)d(purp)q(oses:)62 805 y FA(\017)21 b FC(Handling)13 b(the)h(in)o -(ternal)f(devices.)62 889 y FA(\017)21 b FC(Resp)q(onding)13 -b(to)h(\\Device)g(Status")g(requests)i(from)c(other)j(devices.)62 -973 y FA(\017)21 b FC(Managing)15 b(the)h(p)q(ending{in)o(terrupts)h(list:)22 -b(adding)15 b(new)i(in)o(terrupt)g(requests,)h(deleting)e(requests)i(that)104 -1023 y(ha)o(v)o(e)13 b(b)q(een)i(withdra)o(wn,)f(and)f(determining)g(whether) -i(to)f(accept)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)g(request.)0 1150 y(Note)k(a)f(seman)o(tic) -f(inconsistency:)26 b(making)15 b(an)i(assignmen)o(t)f(of)h(priorit)o(y)g -(lev)o(el)g(0)g(to)g(an)g(in)o(ternal)g(device)h(or)0 1200 -y(subsystem)c(e\013ectiv)o(ely)h(disables)f(that)g(device)g(from)f(making)e -(in)o(terrupts.)0 1286 y(Assignmen)o(t)17 b(of)g(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(els)i -(1{7)f(to)g(p)q(eripheral)h(subsystems)g(and)f(in)o(ternal)g(devices)i(is)e -(en)o(tirely)h(at)f(the)0 1336 y(discretion)g(of)e(the)i(programmer.)22 -b(T)m(o)15 b(direct)i(a)e(subsystem)i(to)f(use)g(a)g(particular)g(lev)o(el,)g -(the)g(program)f(sends)0 1385 y(the)f(lev)o(el)g(to)f(the)h(subsystem)g(in)g -(a)f(device)h(con)o(trol)g(message)f(\(or)h(in)f(a)h(command)c(list\).)18 -b(Sp)q(ecial)c(instructions,)0 1435 y(unique)i(to)f(eac)o(h)i(in)o(ternal)e -(device,)i(direct)f(an)g(in)o(ternal)f(device)i(to)e(use)i(a)e(particular)h -(lev)o(el.)23 b(A)16 b(subsystem)g(or)0 1485 y(in)o(ternal)d(device)i(that)f -(has)g(b)q(een)h(assigned)f(a)f(non{zero)h(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el)h(is)f -(said)h(to)g(b)q(e)g(\\enabled")g(to)f(in)o(terrupt)0 1535 -y(at)i(that)g(lev)o(el.)22 b(Directing)15 b(a)g(subsystem)g(or)g(an)g(in)o -(ternal)g(device)h(to)f(use)h(lev)o(el)f(zero)h(tells)f(that)h(subsystem)f -(or)0 1585 y(device)g(to)e(a)o(v)o(oid)g(using)h(in)o(terrupts)h(altogether.) -0 1670 y(An)o(y)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(subsystems)i(and)e(devices)j(ma)o(y) -11 b(use)k(the)g(same)e(priorit)o(y)g(lev)o(el.)0 1822 y Fy(3.4.3)55 -b(In)n(terrupt)19 b(Requests)0 1934 y FC(When)13 b(a)f(p)q(eripheral)h -(subsystem)g(that)f(has)h(a)f(non{zero)h(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el)g(requires)i -(the)f(atten)o(tion)f(of)g(the)i(cen)o(tral)0 1984 y(pro)q(cessor,)19 -b(it)d(sends)h(an)g(in)o(terrupt)g(request)h(message)e(to)h(the)g(pro)q -(cessor.)28 b(In)16 b(the)h(message,)g(the)g(subsystem)0 2034 -y(sp)q(eci\014es)f(the)f(priorit)o(y)e(lev)o(el)h(that)g(w)o(as)g(assigned)g -(to)g(it)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(program.)j(The)e(bus)f(in)o(terface)h(p)q(ortion)f -(of)f(the)0 2084 y(pro)q(cessor)g(receiv)o(es)g(the)f(message)f(\(async)o -(hronously)h(relativ)o(e)f(to)g(instruction)h(execution\))g(and)f(places)h -(it)f(in)g(the)0 2134 y(hardw)o(are)k(Request)h(FIF)o(O)f(\(\014rst{in,)g -(\014rst{out\))g(queue,)h(where)g(it)e(remains)g(un)o(til)g(the)i(pro)q -(cessor)g(micro)q(co)q(de)0 2184 y(reac)o(hes)d(a)e(p)q(oin)o(t)g(where)i(it) -e(is)g(receptiv)o(e)i(to)e(in)o(terrupts.)19 b(An)11 b(in)o(terrupt)h(is)g -(said)f(to)g(b)q(e)h(\\p)q(ending")f(at)g(this)h(p)q(oin)o(t:)0 -2233 y(the)17 b(pro)q(cessor)i(has)e(the)g(request,)h(but)f(it)g(has)f(not)h -(y)o(et)g(committed)d(to)j(\\accept")g(the)g(in)o(terrupt)h(request)g(b)o(y)0 -2283 y(starting)c(to)g(pro)q(cess)h(it.)0 2369 y(On)f(the)h(bac)o(kplane)f -(bus,)g(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(request)g(is)f(enco)q(ded)i(as)e(follo)o(ws:)j -(Priorit)o(y)c(on)h(bits)g(69{71)f(in)g(binary)0 2419 y(format;)f(bit)h(68)g -(is)h(Request/Withdra)o(w)g(in)o(terrupt)h(\(1)e(=)i(Request\).)0 -2504 y(A)o(t)k(places)g(where)g(the)g(op)q(erating)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(is)g -(receptiv)o(e)i(to)f(in)o(terrupts,)h(a)e(non{empt)o(y)f(Request)j(FIF)o(O)0 -2554 y(queue)d(or)f(an)o(y)g(of)g(a)g(v)n(ariet)o(y)g(of)f(in)o(ternal)h -(conditions)g(will)f(cause)i(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(to)g(depart)h(from)e -(its)h(usual)0 2604 y(path)d(so)f(that)h(it)f(migh)o(t)f(decide)i(whether)h -(or)f(not)f(to)h(accept)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt.)18 b(In)o(ternal)13 -b(conditions)f(are)h(serviced.)p eop -%%Page: 219 23 -219 22 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.4.)31 b(PRIORITY)13 b(INTERR)o(UPT)1161 -b FC(219)150 195 y(F)m(or)12 b(example,)g(a)g(newly)h(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(c)o -(haracter)k(on)f(the)g(console)g(UAR)m(T)f(will)f(b)q(e)j(placed)f(in)f -(micro)q(co)q(de)g(memory)150 245 y(\(MemA\))i(and,)h(if)f(the)h(console)g -(in)o(ternal)g(device)g(is)g(enabled)g(to)g(pro)q(duce)h(input)f(in)o -(terrupts,)g(a)g(console)g(input)150 295 y(in)o(terrupt)e(request)i(will)c(b) -q(e)i(placed)g(in)f(the)h(p)q(ending{in)o(terrupts)h(list)e(\(a)g(data)h -(structure)h(whic)o(h)f(is)f(main)o(tained)150 345 y(b)o(y)18 -b(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(micro)q(co)q(de\).)30 b(The)19 b(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f -(the)g(Request)h(FIF)o(O)g(are)f(emptied)g(in)o(to)f(the)i(p)q(ending{)150 -394 y(in)o(terrupts)c(list.)411 379 y Fn(5)150 480 y FC(In)f(the)g(follo)o -(wing)e(circumstances,)i(the)h(pro)q(cessor)g(will)e(examine)f(the)j(p)q -(ending{in)o(terrupts)g(list)e(to)h(determine)150 530 y(whether)h(an)o(y)f(p) -q(ending)g(request)h(should)f(b)q(e)g(accepted:)212 645 y FA(\017)21 -b FC(After)13 b(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(has)e(made)g(a)g(c)o(hange)g(to)h(the)g -(p)q(ending{in)o(terrupts)g(list.)k(The)c(p)q(ending{in)o(terrupts)254 -695 y(list)19 b(ma)o(y)f(c)o(hange)i(as)f(the)i(Request)f(FIF)o(O)g(is)g -(emptied)f(or)g(when)h(an)g(instruction)g(is)f(executed)j(that)254 -745 y(c)o(hanges)14 b(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(status)f(of)f(an)h(in)o(ternal)g -(device.)212 826 y FA(\017)21 b FC(After)14 b(the)h(program)d(has)i -(dismissed)f(an)h(in)o(terrupt.)212 907 y FA(\017)21 b FC(After)14 -b(a)g Fv(WRPI)f FC(instruction)h(that)g(ma)o(y)e(ha)o(v)o(e)i(c)o(hanged)g -(the)g(status)h(of)e(the)i(PI)f(system.)150 1058 y Fy(3.4.4)55 -b(In)n(terrupt)19 b(Acceptance)150 1171 y FC(A)c(p)q(ending)f(request)i(will) -e(b)q(e)h(accepted)h(as)f(so)q(on)f(as)h(the)g(necessary)i(conditions)d(are)h -(satis\014ed:)20 b(it)14 b(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(at)150 1220 y(a)e(priorit)o(y)g -(lev)o(el)g(that)g(is)g(curren)o(tly)i(enabled)e(and)h(higher)f(in)g(priorit) -o(y)g(than)g(the)h(lev)o(el)f(held)g(b)o(y)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor;)150 -1270 y(there)21 b(m)o(ust)e(not)g(b)q(e)h(an)o(y)g(request)h(of)e(higher)h -(priorit)o(y)e(corresp)q(onding)j(to)f(an)f(enabled)h(lev)o(el;)i(and,)e(of)f -(all)150 1320 y(requests)d(of)d(equal)h(priorit)o(y)m(,)e(the)i(accepted)i -(request)g(is)d(the)i(oldest.)1244 1305 y Fn(6)150 1406 y FC(The)g(pro)q -(cessor)i(accepts)f(a)f(request)h(b)o(y)e(\\holding)960 1391 -y Fn(7)978 1406 y FC(")g(the)h(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el)h(of)f(the)h(request)i -(and)d(p)q(erforming)f(the)150 1455 y(equiv)n(alen)o(t)d(of)f(an)h -Fv(XPCW)g FC(instruction)g(directed)i(at)e(the)h(subsystem's)f(or)h(device's) -g(\\In)o(terrupt)g(Con)o(trol)f(Blo)q(c)o(k".)150 1505 y(The)15 -b(In)o(terrupt)h(Con)o(trol)e(Blo)q(c)o(k)g(is)h(four)f(consecutiv)o(e)i(w)o -(ords)f(in)f(the)i(Executiv)o(e)f(Pro)q(cess)i(T)m(able)d(\(EPT\).)h(The)150 -1555 y(lo)q(cation)e(of)h(the)h(In)o(terrupt)h(Con)o(trol)d(Blo)q(c)o(k)i(is) -f(selected)i(according)f(to)f(whic)o(h)g(subsystem)h(or)f(in)o(ternal)g -(device)150 1605 y(is)g(the)g(source)h(of)f(the)g(in)o(terrupt.)150 -1690 y(F)m(or)c(a)h(device)h(external)f(to)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor,)i(the)f(EPT) -f(lo)q(cations)f(are)i(determined)f(b)o(y)f(the)i(ph)o(ysical)e(slot)h(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)150 1740 y(of)e(the)h(device.)18 b(The)10 b(device)g(in)f(slot)g -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g Fs(S)k FC(uses)d(four)g(consecutiv)o(e)h(w)o(ords)f(in)f -(the)h(EPT)g(starting)f(at)h(lo)q(cation)150 1790 y(100)t(+)t(4)t -FA(\002)t Fs(S)r FC(.)19 b(Eac)o(h)12 b(of)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(in)o -(ternal)e(devices)i(is)e(handled)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor's)h(op)q -(erating)e(micro)q(co)q(de)150 1840 y(and)i(has)g(an)g(assigned)g(set)h(of)e -(lo)q(cations.)18 b(The)13 b(EPT)g(lo)q(cations)g(of)f(subsystem)i(and)e(in)o -(ternal)h(device)h(In)o(terrupt)150 1890 y(Con)o(trol)f(Blo)q(c)o(ks)h(are)h -(giv)o(en)e(in)h(T)m(able)f(3.1.)150 1975 y(The)g(pro)q(cessor)i(accepts)f -(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(b)o(y)e(p)q(erforming)g(the)h(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(of)h -Fv(XPCW)e FC(directed)k(at)d(the)i(In)o(terrupt)150 2025 y(Con)o(trol)g(Blo)q -(c)o(k)h(corresp)q(onding)h(to)f(the)g(in)o(terrupting)g(subsystem)g(or)g(in) -o(ternal)g(device.)22 b(Th)o(us,)15 b(the)g(\015ags)g(and)150 -2075 y(PC)i(of)f(the)h(in)o(terrupted)h(program)d(are)i(stored)g(in)g(the)g -(\014rst)g(pair)f(of)g(lo)q(cations)g(and)h(new)g(\015ags)f(and)h(PC)g(are) -150 2125 y(loaded)c(from)f(the)i(second)h(pair)e(of)g(lo)q(cations.)k(The)d -(new)g(PC)g(is)g(usually)e(the)i(address)h(of)e(the)h(Monitor)g(service)150 -2174 y(routine)g(for)g(the)g(in)o(terrupting)g(device;)g(the)h(new)f(\015ags) -g(m)o(ust)f(clear)h(User)h(mo)q(de.)150 2260 y(The)e(most)f(imp)q(ortan)o(t)f -(p)q(oin)o(t)i(of)f(whic)o(h)h(the)g(programmer)e(should)h(b)q(e)i(a)o(w)o -(are)e(is)h(that,)g(ev)o(en)g(while)g(User)h(is)f(set,)150 -2310 y(the)k(\\equiv)n(alen)o(t)e(of)g Fv(XPCW)p FC(")g(executed)j(to)e -(accept)h(the)g(in)o(terrupt)g(is)f(not)g(part)g(of)f(the)i(user)g(program.) -23 b(It)16 b(is)150 2360 y(executed)h(in)e(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de)e(and)h(is) -g(sub)r(ject)i(to)e(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de)f(restrictions)h(only)m(.)21 -b(The)15 b(\\equiv)n(alen)o(t)g(of)p 150 2393 720 2 v 196 2419 -a Fm(5)214 2431 y Fl(The)9 b(Request)f(FIF)o(O)i(is)g(also)f(used)g(to)g -(hold)g(\\Device)f(Status")f(and)i(\\Device)f(Con)o(trol")g(requests)g(to)i -(whic)o(h)f(the)g(pro)q(cessor)e(will)150 2471 y(resp)q(ond)k(as)h(it)g -(empties)f(the)h(FIF)o(O.)h(F)m(urther,)e(the)h(FIF)o(O)h(ma)o(y)f(con)o -(tain)e(requests)h(to)h(withdra)o(w)g(a)h(previous)d(in)o(terrupt)g(request;) -150 2510 y(to)h(these)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)f(resp)q(onds)f(b)o(y)i(remo)o -(ving)e(the)i(previous)e(request)h(from)g(the)h(p)q(ending{in)o(t)o(err)o -(upt)o(s)e(list.)196 2538 y Fm(6)214 2550 y Fl(Although)g(the)i(XKL)507 -2547 y(-)518 2550 y(1)g(pro)q(cessor)e(will)j(accept)d(requests)h(at)h(a)g -(giv)o(en)f(priorit)o(y)g(lev)o(el)g(in)h(the)f(order)h(that)f(they)g(are)h -(presen)o(ted,)150 2589 y(no)g(program)e(should)h(dep)q(end)g(on)h(this)f -(ordering.)196 2617 y Fm(7)214 2629 y Fl(The)h(w)o(ord)g(\\hold")f(is)h(used) -g(here)g(in)g(the)f(sense)h(of)g(\\p)q(ossess",)f(not)g(\\dela)o(y".)p -eop -%%Page: 220 24 -220 23 bop 0 50 a FC(220)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)226 230 y Fy(T)-5 b(able)18 -b(3.1:)25 b(EPT)18 b(Lo)r(cations)g(for)h(In)n(terrupt)f(Con)n(trol)h(Blo)r -(c)n(ks)p 233 295 1334 2 v 232 355 2 60 v 258 340 a FD(Device)594 -b(EPT)17 b(Lo)q(cation)51 b(Sym)o(b)q(ol)p 1566 355 V 233 356 -1334 2 v 232 416 2 60 v 258 401 a FC(APR)14 b(Error)h(Conditions)e(\()p -FA(x)p FC(3.9.1\))174 b(000{003)207 b Fu(EP.APR)p 1566 416 -V 232 466 2 50 v 258 451 a FC(Program)13 b(Request)i(\()p FA(x)p -FC(3.4.8\))d(on)i(Lev)o(el)g Fs(L)p FC(,)50 b(000)8 b(+)i(4)f -FA(\002)g Fs(L)142 b Fu(EP.LV1)p 1566 466 V 232 516 V 314 501 -a FC(where)15 b(1)c FA(\024)h Fs(L)g FA(\024)f FC(7)450 b({003)8 -b(+)i(4)f FA(\002)g Fs(L)93 b FC({)p Fu(EP.LV7)p 1566 516 V -232 565 V 258 550 a FC(Console)14 b(Input)g(\()p FA(x)q FC(3.2.3\))330 -b(040{043)207 b Fu(EP.CTI)p 1566 565 V 232 615 V 258 600 a -FC(Console)14 b(Output)h(\()p FA(x)p FC(3.2.3\))297 b(044{047)207 -b Fu(EP.CTO)p 1566 615 V 232 665 V 258 650 a FC(Keep{Aliv)o(e)15 -b(In)o(terrupt)g(\()p FA(x)p FC(3.8.3\))199 b(050{053)207 b -Fu(EP.KPA)p 1566 665 V 232 715 V 258 700 a FC(In)o(terv)n(al)14 -b(Timer)e(\()p FA(x)q FC(3.8.1\))321 b(100{103)207 b Fu(EP.ITM)p -1566 715 V 232 765 V 258 750 a FC(Subsystem)14 b(in)g(Slot)f -Fs(S)r FC(,)357 b(100)8 b(+)i(4)f FA(\002)g Fs(S)145 b Fu(EP.D01)p -1566 765 V 232 824 2 60 v 314 809 a FC(where)15 b(1)c FA(\024)h -Fs(S)i FA(\024)e FC(15)429 b({103)8 b(+)i(4)f FA(\002)g Fs(S)96 -b FC({)p Fu(EP.D15)p 1566 824 V 233 826 1334 2 v 0 986 a Fv(XPCW)p -FC(")11 b(is)i(implemen)o(ted)d(b)o(y)i(pro)q(cessor)j(micro)q(co)q(de)d(p)q -(erforming)f(the)j(same)d(sequence)k(of)d(micro)f(instructions)0 -1036 y(as)i(it)f(do)q(es)i(for)e(an)h(actual)f Fv(XPCW)g FC(instruction,)h -(ev)o(en)g(though)g(no)f(actual)h Fv(XPCW)e FC(instruction)i(is)g(fetc)o(hed) -h(from)0 1086 y(memory)m(.)0 1238 y Fy(3.4.5)55 b(In)n(terrupt)19 -b(Pro)r(cessing)0 1350 y FC(Up)q(on)f(accepting)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i -(request,)g(the)f(pro)q(cessor)h(holds)e(the)h(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el)g -(corresp)q(onding)h(to)f(the)0 1400 y(request.)29 b(While)16 -b(holding)f(that)i(lev)o(el,)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(will)c(accept)k(no)d -(request)j(of)d(equal)g(or)h(lo)o(w)o(er)g(priorit)o(y)m(.)0 -1450 y(The)c(pro)q(cessor)h(holds)e(an)g(in)o(terrupt)i(lev)o(el)e(un)o(til)f -(the)i(program)e(dismisses)h(it,)g(ev)o(en)h(if)e(the)i(in)o(terrupt)g -(routine)g(is)0 1500 y(itself)f(in)o(terrupted)h(b)o(y)e(a)h(higher)g -(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el.)17 b(Th)o(us,)12 b(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(can)e(hold)f -(a)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(di\013eren)o(t)i(lev)o(els)0 1549 -y(sim)o(ultaneously)m(.)i(The)f(condition)e(of)g(holding)g(a)h(priorit)o(y)f -(lev)o(el)g(is)h(sometimes)e(called)i(\\in)o(terrupt)g(in)g(progress")0 -1599 y(on)h(the)g(lev)o(el)g(held.)0 1685 y(In)j(accepting)g(an)g(in)o -(terrupt)h(request,)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(executes)g(the)e(equiv)n(alen)o(t) -f(of)h(an)f Fv(XPCW)g FC(instruction.)0 1735 y(The)g(program)e(run)i -(subsequen)o(t)h(to)f(the)g Fv(XPCW)e FC(is)i(called)f(an)g(\\in)o(terrupt)h -(service)h(routine.")23 b(This)16 b(program)0 1784 y(is)d(exp)q(ected)j(to)d -(attend)h(to)f(whatev)o(er)h(the)g(in)o(terrupting)g(subsystem)f(or)h(device) -g(requires,)g(th)o(us)g(satisfying)e(the)0 1834 y(request.)20 -b(The)15 b(requesting)g(subsystem)f(\(or)g(device\))i(is)d(exp)q(ected)k(to)d -(send)h(a)e(message)h(\(or)g(c)o(hange)h(its)f(status\))0 1884 -y(withdra)o(wing)f(its)h(in)o(terrupt)g(request.)0 2036 y Fy(3.4.6)55 -b(In)n(terrupt)19 b(Dismissal)0 2148 y FC(Up)q(on)g(completion)f(of)h(the)h -(in)o(terrupt)g(service)h(routine,)f(the)g(program)e(dismisses)h(the)h(in)o -(terrupt)g(b)o(y)f(using)0 2198 y(the)c Fv(XJEN)g FC(\()p Fv(JRST)e(7,)p -FC(\))i(instruction.)21 b(This)15 b(instruction)g(directs)h(the)g(pro)q -(cessor)g(to)f(restore)i(the)e(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el)0 2248 -y(curren)o(tly)j(held)f(to)g(a)g(state)h(in)f(whic)o(h)g(it|and)f(lo)o(w)o -(er)h(priorit)o(y)g(lev)o(els|is)f(receptiv)o(e)j(to)e(further)h(in)o -(terrupts.)0 2298 y Fv(XJEN)c FC(also)h(restores)h(the)g(PC)f(of)f(the)i(pro) -q(cess)g(that)f(w)o(as)g(in)o(terrupted.)0 2383 y(The)i Fv(XJEN)g -FC(should)g(restore)h(the)g(in)o(terrupted)g(program's)e(\015ags)g(and)h(PC)g -(from)f(the)h(double)g(w)o(ord)g(stored)h(at)0 2433 y(the)d(subsystem's)h(or) -e(device's)i(in)o(terrupt)g(lo)q(cation)e(in)g(the)i(Executiv)o(e)f(Pro)q -(cess)i(T)m(able.)1412 2418 y Fn(8)p 0 2468 720 2 v 46 2495 -a Fm(8)64 2506 y Fl(Note)c(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e{ad)o(dr)o(ess)d(of)j(the)g -Fo(XJEN)f Fl(is)h(normally)e(the)h(virtual)g(address)f(of)i(the)f(EPT)i(in)f -(executiv)o(e)e(space,)h(plus)g(the)0 2546 y(o\013set)e(corresp)q(onding)e -(to)j(In)o(terrupt)e(Con)o(trol)h(Blo)q(c)o(k)h(of)g(the)g(source)f(of)h(the) -g(in)o(terrupt.)p eop -%%Page: 221 25 -221 24 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.4.)31 b(PRIORITY)13 b(INTERR)o(UPT)1161 -b FC(221)952 224 y Fy(Caution)254 315 y FC(An)14 b(in)o(terrupt)h(routine)f -(m)o(ust)f(dismiss)g(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f(when)h(it)f(returns)h(to)f(the)h -(in)o(terrupted)g(pro-)254 365 y(gram.)g(Otherwise,)c(its)f(lev)o(el)f(and)g -(all)f(lev)o(els)i(of)f(lo)o(w)o(er)g(priorit)o(y)g(will)f(b)q(e)i(disabled)f -(and)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)254 415 y(will)i(treat)j(the)f(in)o(terrupted)h -(program)e(as)h(a)f(con)o(tin)o(uation)g(of)g(the)i(in)o(terrupt)g(service)g -(routine.)254 500 y(A)f(single)g(in)o(terrupt)i(lev)o(el)e(will)f(sh)o(ut)i -(out)f(all)f(lev)o(els)i(of)f(lo)o(w)o(er)g(priorit)o(y)g(if,)f(ev)o(ery)i -(time)e(its)i(service)254 550 y(routine)j(dismisses)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt,)h -(a)e(subsystem)h(or)g(device)g(at)f(this)h(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el)g(is)h -(already)254 600 y(w)o(aiting)c(with)i(another)h(in)o(terrupt)g(request.)26 -b(In)16 b(particular,)g(if)f(a)h(subsystem)g(or)g(device)h(fails)e(to)254 -650 y(withdra)o(w)e(its)h(in)o(terrupt)g(request,)h(the)f(un)o(withdra)o(wn)f -(request)j(will)c(sh)o(ut)i(out)f(all)g(lev)o(els)h(of)f(lo)o(w)o(er)254 -700 y(priorit)o(y)g(and)h(all)e(other)j(requests)h(at)d(this)h(lev)o(el.)150 -918 y Fy(3.4.7)55 b(In)n(terrupt)19 b(Register)150 1030 y FC(In)o(terrupts)13 -b(and)e(other)h(un)o(usual)g(conditions)f(are)h(gathered)g(in)f(the)h(in)o -(terrupt)g(register.)19 b(The)12 b(logical)d(OR)i(of)g(the)150 -1080 y(v)n(arious)i(conditions)h(rep)q(orted)h(in)e(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f -(register)h(is)f(visible)f(to)h(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de,)f(whic)o(h)h(can)g -(dispatc)o(h)150 1130 y(to)k(an)g(alternate)g(address)h(when)g(the)f(OR)g(of) -f(these)j(conditions)d(is)h(true.)31 b(Reading)17 b(the)i(in)o(terrupt)g -(register)150 1179 y(resets)c(the)e(register,)h(so)f(the)g(microprogram)d(m)o -(ust)i(store)i(the)f(result)h(for)e(p)q(erusal.)19 b(The)13 -b(action)f(of)h(reading)f(the)150 1229 y(register)j(also)e(adv)n(ances)i(the) -f(FIF)o(O)g(to)g(the)h(next)f(data)f(item,)g(if)g(an)o(y)m(.)150 -1315 y(The)h(micro)q(co)q(de)f(stores)h(the)g(latest)g(data)f(read)g(from)f -(the)i(in)o(terrupt)g(register)g(in)f(MemA;)f(it)h(can)g(b)q(e)h(examined)150 -1365 y(b)o(y)g(using)f(the)i(console)f(command)d Fx(.EI)p FC(.)150 -1450 y(The)j(format)e(of)i(the)g(in)o(terrupt)h(register)g(is)f(depicted)h(b) -q(elo)o(w.)733 1575 y(In)o(terrupt)g(Register)p 150 1773 1495 -2 v 149 1772 2 167 v 150 1607 1495 2 v 1644 1772 2 167 v 274 -1785 2 13 v 398 1785 V 523 1785 V 647 1785 V 772 1785 V 896 -1793 2 21 v 1021 1785 2 13 v 1145 1785 V 1270 1785 V 1394 1785 -V 1519 1785 V 162 1802 a Fn(0)p 191 1772 2 167 v -17 w(0)p -149 1772 V 153 1662 a Fx(F)151 1703 y(N)153 1744 y(E)204 1802 -y Fn(1)p 232 1772 V -17 w(1)p 191 1772 V 195 1647 a Fx(F)195 -1688 y(F)197 1718 y(u)203 1759 y(l)246 1802 y Fn(2)p 274 1772 -V -17 w(2)p 232 1772 V 235 1643 a Fx(B)236 1684 y(P)236 1724 -y(E)239 1764 y(0)287 1802 y Fn(3)p 315 1772 V -17 w(3)p 274 -1772 V 276 1662 a Fx(C)278 1703 y(L)279 1744 y(S)329 1802 y -Fn(4)p 357 1772 V -17 w(4)p 315 1772 V 318 1643 a Fx(B)319 -1684 y(P)319 1724 y(E)322 1764 y(1)370 1802 y Fn(5)p 398 1772 -V -17 w(5)p 357 1772 V 359 1662 a Fx(C)358 1703 y(D)360 1744 -y(P)412 1802 y Fn(6)p 440 1772 V -17 w(6)p 398 1772 V 401 1662 -a Fx(C)401 1703 y(T)402 1744 y(P)453 1802 y Fn(7)p 481 1772 -V -17 w(7)p 440 1772 V 443 1662 a Fx(P)442 1703 y(D)443 1744 -y(P)495 1802 y Fn(8)p 523 1772 V -17 w(8)p 481 1772 V 485 1662 -a Fx(P)484 1703 y(T)485 1744 y(P)536 1802 y Fn(9)p 564 1772 -V -17 w(9)p 523 1772 V 526 1662 a Fx(B)526 1703 y(B)525 1744 -y(C)569 1802 y Fn(10)p 606 1772 V -34 w(10)p 564 1772 V 567 -1662 a Fx(T)567 1703 y(B)566 1744 y(O)611 1802 y Fn(11)p 647 -1772 V -34 w(11)p 606 1772 V 615 1662 a Fx(I)608 1703 y(T)615 -1744 y(I)652 1802 y Fn(12)p 689 1772 V -34 w(12)p 647 1772 -V 649 1683 a Fx(U)657 1724 y(I)694 1802 y Fn(13)p 730 1772 -V -34 w(13)p 689 1772 V 691 1662 a Fx(U)698 1703 y(I)692 1744 -y(P)735 1802 y Fn(14)p 772 1772 V -34 w(14)p 730 1772 V 734 -1662 a Fx(P)734 1703 y(F)740 1744 y(I)777 1802 y Fn(15)p 813 -1772 V -34 w(15)p 772 1772 V 775 1662 a Fx(P)776 1703 y(F)775 -1744 y(P)1607 1802 y Fn(35)p 1644 1689 2 84 v -740 w(18)p 896 -1689 V 1169 1662 a Fx(FIF)o(O)g(Data)943 1802 y Fn(19)p 979 -1772 V -76 w(18)p 896 1772 V 907 1745 a Fx(F)o(C)1441 1802 -y Fn(31)p 1478 1772 V -491 w(20)p 979 1772 V 1063 1741 a Fx(Softwar)n(e)f -(and)i(PIA)1607 1802 y Fn(35)p 1644 1772 V -158 w(32)p 1478 -1772 V 1523 1745 a Fx(Slot)150 1941 y FC(The)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)h -(in)o(terrupt)h(register)f(are)g(in)o(terpreted)i(as)d(sho)o(wn)h(b)q(elo)o -(w.)20 b(The)15 b(items)f(mark)o(ed)f(with)i(\\*")150 1990 -y(are)f(included)g(in)g(the)g(logical)e(OR)i(of)f(terms)h(that)g(cause)h(the) -f(alternate)h(micro)q(co)q(de)e(dispatc)o(h.)150 2058 y Fx(FNE)170 -b FC(In)o(terrupt)19 b(FIF)o(O)e(is)g(Not)g(Empt)o(y)m(.)26 -b(When)17 b(this)g(bit)g(is)g(set,)h(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(bits)g -(18{35)f(are)406 2108 y(v)n(alid.)150 2194 y Fx(FF)m(ul)172 -b FC(FIF)o(O)15 b(F)m(ull.)j(The)d(in)o(terrupt)h(FIF)o(O)e(is)h(full:)i(all) -d(64)g(lo)q(cations)f(of)h(the)h(FIF)o(O)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)i(\014lled,) -406 2243 y(and)e(an)g(in)o(terrupt)g(request)i(has)e(b)q(een)h(discarded.)150 -2329 y Fx(BPE0)6 b FC(*)123 b(Bus)18 b(P)o(arit)o(y)f(Error)h(0.)28 -b(A)17 b(w)o(ord)g(read)h(from)d(memory)g(has)i(bad)g(parit)o(y)m(.)27 -b(The)18 b(bad)f(data)g(has)406 2379 y(b)q(een)c(pro)o(vided)e(to)g(the)h -(CPU.)f(\(This)h(condition)e(giv)o(es)i(rise)f(to)h(a)f(Memory)f(P)o(arit)o -(y)h(Error)h(0)f(page)406 2429 y(failure.\))150 2514 y Fx(CLS)5 -b FC(*)151 b(Cac)o(he)12 b(Line)f(Order)h(Scram)o(bled.)17 -b(During)10 b(a)h(\\Line)g(Read")f(op)q(eration,)h(the)h(memory)d(presen)o -(ted)406 2564 y(data)15 b(in)g(an)g(order)h(other)g(than)f(what)g(the)h(CPU)f -(requested.)24 b(The)16 b(CPU)f(has)g(b)q(een)i(giv)o(en)d(the)406 -2614 y(wrong)g(data;)f(incorrect)i(data)f(is)g(also)f(presen)o(t)i(in)f(the)g -(cac)o(he.)p eop -%%Page: 222 26 -222 25 bop 0 50 a FC(222)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y Fx(BPE1)6 b FC(*)123 -b(Bus)18 b(P)o(arit)o(y)f(Error)h(1.)28 b(In)18 b(a)f(\\Line)g(Read")f(op)q -(eration,)i(the)g(memory)d(has)i(pro)o(vided)g(a)g(data)256 -245 y(w)o(ord)h(that)f(has)g(bad)h(parit)o(y)m(.)27 b(The)18 -b(erroneous)h(data)e(has)g(not)g(y)o(et)h(b)q(een)g(seen)h(b)o(y)e(the)h -(CPU;)256 295 y(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)e(the)g(bad)f(data)g(has)g(b)q(een)h -(written,)g(with)f(go)q(o)q(d)g(parit)o(y)m(,)f(in)g(the)i(cac)o(he.)23 -b(F)m(or)15 b(further)256 345 y(diagnosis,)h(the)i(CPU)f(should)f(\015ush)h -(the)g(cac)o(he.)28 b(\(This)16 b(condition)g(giv)o(es)h(rise)g(to)g(a)f -(Memory)256 394 y(P)o(arit)o(y)e(Error)g(1)g(page)g(failure.\))0 -480 y Fx(CDP)t FC(*)142 b(Cac)o(he)15 b(Data)e(P)o(arit)o(y)g(Error.)0 -565 y Fx(CTP)t FC(*)143 b(Cac)o(he)15 b(T)m(ag)e(P)o(arit)o(y)g(Error.)0 -651 y Fx(PDP)t FC(*)144 b(P)o(ager)15 b(Data)e(P)o(arit)o(y)g(Error.)0 -737 y Fx(PTP)t FC(*)145 b(P)o(ager)15 b(T)m(ag)d(P)o(arit)o(y)i(Error.)0 -822 y Fx(BBC)6 b FC(*)141 b(Bad)15 b(Bus)h(Cycle.)21 b(An)15 -b(unexp)q(ected)i(resp)q(onse)g(has)e(b)q(een)h(receiv)o(ed)g(from)d(some)h -(device)i(on)e(the)256 872 y(bac)o(kplane.)32 b(F)m(or)18 b(example,)g(a)g -(cycle)h(that)f(timed)f(out)i(has)f(completed,)h(or)f(a)g(\\Line)g(Read")256 -922 y(request)d(w)o(as)e(met)f(b)o(y)h(a)f(\\W)m(ord)g(Read)h(Return".)18 -b(Due)13 b(to)g(scarcit)o(y)h(of)e(time)g(and)h(data)f(path)h(in)256 -972 y(the)i(pro)q(cessor,)g(no)f(further)h(information)c(is)i(a)o(v)n -(ailable.)0 1057 y Fx(TBO)t FC(*)140 b(Time-base)17 b(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w.)29 -b(A)18 b(carry)g(out)g(of)f(the)h(time{base)f(coun)o(ter)h(has)g(o)q -(ccurred.)31 b(The)18 b(mi-)256 1107 y(cro)q(co)q(de)e(should)d(incremen)o(t) -h(the)h(in{memo)o(ry)c(cop)o(y)j(of)f(the)i(time{base)e(accordingly)m(.)0 -1193 y Fx(ITI)7 b FC(*)166 b(In)o(terv)n(al)14 b(Timer)f(In)o(terrupt.)19 -b(The)14 b(in)o(terrupt)h(coun)o(ter)g(has)f(reac)o(hed)h(its)f(assigned)g(v) -n(alue.)0 1278 y Fx(UI)7 b FC(*)181 b(UAR)m(T)16 b(In)o(terrupt.)27 -b(A)17 b(rising)f(edge)h(of)f(the)h(\\UAR)m(T)e(In)o(terrupt)j(P)o(ending")e -(lead)g(\(see)i(b)q(elo)o(w\))256 1328 y(has)c(b)q(een)h(detected.)0 -1413 y Fx(UIP)181 b FC(UAR)m(T)15 b(In)o(terrupt)h(P)o(ending.)22 -b(This)15 b(bit)g(monitors)f(the)i(condition)e(of)h(the)h(UAR)m(T)e(status)i -(out-)256 1463 y(put.)29 b(The)18 b(UAR)m(T)e(status)i(output)g(lead)f(is)g -(programmabl)o(e)e(\(b)o(y)i(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de\))f(on)g(whic)o(h)256 -1513 y(conditions)d(to)g(rep)q(ort)h(as)f(in)o(terrupts.)0 -1599 y Fx(PFI)7 b FC(*)157 b(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)18 b(F)m(ail)d(In)o(terrupt.)29 -b(The)18 b(PF)-5 b(AIL{)18 b(bac)o(kplane)f(signal)f(is)h(b)q(eing)g -(asserted)i(while)e(the)h(in-)256 1648 y(terrupt)e(is)f(enabled.)20 -b(The)15 b(PF)-5 b(AIL{)15 b(signal)f(denotes)i(either)f(the)h(failure)d(of)h -(A)o(C)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)g(or)f(the)256 1698 y(presence)h(of)c(the)h(thermal)f -(w)o(arning)f(condition.)17 b(\(The)12 b(data)g(returned)h(b)o(y)f -Fv(RCTRLF)f FC(allo)o(ws)f(the)256 1748 y(program)j(to)g(determine)h(whic)o -(h)g(en)o(vironmen)o(tal)e(conditions)i(prev)n(ail.\))0 1834 -y Fx(PFP)173 b FC(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)14 b(F)m(ail)f(P)o(ending.)18 -b(This)c(\015ag)f(re\015ects)j(the)e(state)h(of)e(the)i(PF)-5 -b(AIL{)14 b(bac)o(kplane)g(signal.)0 1919 y Fx(FIF)o(O)h(Data)53 -b FC(Data)16 b(is)h(v)n(alid)e(if)h(bit)h(0)f(con)o(tains)h(one.)27 -b(Bits)17 b(18{19)e(enco)q(de)j Fx(F)o(C)6 b FC(|function)16 -b(t)o(yp)q(e,)h(whic)o(h)g(is)256 1969 y(one)g(of)e(\\Con)o(trol)g(W)m -(rite",)h(\\Status)g(Read",)g(or)g(\\In)o(terrupt)h(Request".)26 -b(The)17 b(in)o(terpretation)256 2019 y(of)d(the)g(other)h(FIF)o(O)f(bits)g -(dep)q(ends)h(on)f(the)g(function)g(selected)i(b)o(y)d(bits)h(18{19,)e(as)i -(follo)o(ws:)p 493 2068 1071 2 v 492 2128 2 60 v 519 2113 a(FIF)o(O)131 -b(Bus)p 922 2128 V 143 w(Con)o(trol)85 b(Status)73 b(In)o(terrupt)p -1563 2128 V 492 2187 2 59 v 541 2163 a(Bit)158 b(Bit)p 922 -2187 V 166 w(W)m(rite)114 b(Read)95 b(Request)p 1563 2187 V -493 2188 1071 2 v 492 2248 2 60 v 549 2233 a(18)147 b(T)o(yp)q(e)p -922 2248 V 188 w(1)191 b(0)i(0)p 1563 2248 V 492 2298 2 50 -v 549 2283 a(19)147 b(T)o(yp)q(e)p 922 2298 V 188 w(0)191 b(1)i(0)p -1563 2298 V 492 2348 V 518 2333 a(20{28)79 b(A60{A68)p 922 -2348 V 79 w(Reserv)o(ed)51 b(Reserv)o(ed)i(Reserv)o(ed)p 1563 -2348 V 492 2398 V 549 2383 a(29)157 b(A69)p 922 2398 V 127 -w(Reserv)o(ed)65 b(Reg)p Fu(<0>)91 b FC(PI)p Fu(<0>)p 1563 -2398 V 492 2447 V 549 2432 a FC(30)157 b(A70)p 922 2447 V 127 -w(Reserv)o(ed)65 b(Reg)p Fu(<1>)91 b FC(PI)p Fu(<1>)p 1563 -2447 V 492 2497 V 549 2482 a FC(31)157 b(A71)p 922 2497 V 127 -w(Reserv)o(ed)65 b(Reg)p Fu(<2>)91 b FC(PI)p Fu(<2>)p 1563 -2497 V 923 2499 641 2 v 492 2566 2 69 v 518 2542 a FC(32{35)48 -b(SR)o(C0{SR)o(C3)p 922 2566 V 922 2566 V 58 w(Source)14 b(Slot)g(Num)o(b)q -(er)f(of)g(Request)p 1563 2566 V 493 2567 1071 2 v eop -%%Page: 223 27 -223 26 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.4.)31 b(PRIORITY)13 b(INTERR)o(UPT)1161 -b FC(223)150 195 y Fy(3.4.8)55 b(Program)18 b(Con)n(trol)h(of)g(the)f -(Priorit)n(y)g(In)n(terrupt)g(System)150 307 y FC(The)c(program)f(can)h(con)o -(trol)f(the)i(PI)f(system)g(b)o(y)f(means)g(of)h(the)g(follo)o(wing)d -(instructions:)p 150 556 1495 4 v 150 482 V 148 555 4 75 v -1643 555 V 688 555 V 729 555 V 896 555 V 162 586 a Fl(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 532 y Fx(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)494 586 y Fl(8)p 522 555 V 24 w(9)586 531 y FC(14)150 -448 y Fi(WRPI)482 451 y(W)n(rite)19 b(Prio)n(rit)n(y)i(Interrupt)d(\(APR0)h -(14,\))306 531 y FC(700)150 682 y(P)o(erform)14 b(the)i(function\(s\))f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(the)g(e\013ectiv)o(e{conditions)h Fx(E)21 -b FC(\(an)15 b(imm)o(ediate)e(quan)o(tit)o(y\))h(as)h(sho)o(wn;)150 -732 y(a)f(1)f(in)h(a)f(bit)h(pro)q(duces)h(the)g(indicated)f(function,)f(a)g -(0)h(has)g(no)g(e\013ect.)p 150 1021 1495 2 v 150 822 V 149 -1020 2 200 v 1644 1020 V 398 1020 V 406 857 a Fn(Drop)403 895 -y(Prgm)415 933 y(Req)421 971 y(On)412 1004 y(Lvls)p 494 1020 -V 499 880 a(Clear)521 913 y(PI)505 945 y(Sys{)511 981 y(tem)p -589 1020 V 617 1007 a Fl(Selected)9 b(Lev)o(els)595 852 y Fn(Mak)o(e)594 -884 y(Prgm)605 922 y(Req)612 960 y(On)p 685 970 2 150 v 691 -890 a Fl(T)m(urn)706 925 y(On)p 780 970 V 787 889 a(T)m(urn)801 -925 y(O\013)p 876 1020 2 200 v 949 961 a(PI)912 996 y(System)882 -864 y(T)m(urn)896 900 y(O\013)p 971 921 2 100 v 978 865 a(T)m(urn)992 -900 y(On)p 1067 1020 2 200 v 1205 875 a Fx(Sele)n(ct)15 b(L)n(evels)g(for) -1204 924 y(Bits)g(22,24,25,26)1092 1009 y(1)p 1145 1020 2 50 -v 60 w(2)p 1228 1020 V 62 w(3)p 1311 1020 V 1339 1005 a(4)p -1394 1020 V 1422 1009 a(5)p 1478 1020 V 62 w(6)p 1561 1020 -V 1588 1005 a(7)180 1052 y Fl(18)213 b(22)60 b(23)f(24)h(25)f(26)h(27)f(28)51 -b(29)45 b(30)i(31)g(32)g(33)g(34)g(35)192 1230 y FC(22)20 b -Fu(PICPIR==:1B22)52 b FC(On)13 b(lev)o(els)g(selected)i(b)o(y)e(1s)g(in)f -(bits)h(29{35,)f(turn)h(o\013)g(an)o(y)g(\\program)e(requests")k(\(see)254 -1280 y(bit)f(24,)g(b)q(elo)o(w\))h(made)e(previously)m(.)20 -b(This)15 b(is)g(the)g(prop)q(er)h(w)o(a)o(y)e(to)g(clear)h(program)f -(requests.)22 b(If)14 b(this)h(bit)254 1330 y(is)f(set)g(when)h(bit)e(24)h -(is)f(also)h(set,)g(the)g(e\013ect)i(of)d(the)i(instruction)f(is)g(not)g -(de\014ned.)192 1413 y(23)20 b Fu(PICLPI==:1B23)56 b FC(Clear)18 -b(the)g(PI)g(system:)26 b(turn)18 b(o\013)g(the)g(PI)g(system,)g(turn)g -(o\013)g(all)e(lev)o(els,)i(drop)g(all)254 1463 y(program)e(requests,)21 -b(restore)e(all)e(lev)o(els)h(that)g(are)g(curren)o(tly)h(b)q(eing)f(held,)h -(and)e(clear)i(the)f(pro)q(cessor's)254 1513 y(p)q(ending{in)o(terrupts)13 -b(list.)18 b(If)12 b(this)h(bit)f(is)h(set)g(with)f(an)o(y)h(other)g(bit,)f -(the)h(e\013ect)i(of)d(this)h(instruction)g(is)f(not)254 1562 -y(de\014ned.)192 1646 y(24)20 b Fu(PISPIR==:1B24)57 b FC(Mak)o(e)18 -b(a)g(\\program)e(request")j(for)f(in)o(terrupts)h(on)f(lev)o(els)g(selected) -i(b)o(y)e(1s)g(in)g(bits)254 1695 y(29{35.)f(If)c(this)h(bit)g(is)f(set)i -(when)g(bit)e(22)g(is)h(also)f(set,)i(the)f(e\013ect)i(of)d(this)h -(instruction)g(is)g(unde\014ned.)254 1762 y(A)h(program)e(request)j(p)q -(ersists)g(inde\014nitely)m(.)k(Therefore,)15 b(as)g(so)q(on)g(as)f(an)h(in)o -(terrupt)g(is)g(completed)f(on)g(a)254 1812 y(giv)o(en)g(lev)o(el,)f(another) -i(is)f(started)h(un)o(til)f(the)h(request)h(is)e(turned)h(o\013)f(b)o(y)g(a)g -Fv(WRPI)g FC(that)g(selects)i(the)f(same)254 1861 y(lev)o(el)e(and)h(has)g(a) -g(1)f(in)h(bit)f(22.)254 1928 y(The)f(pro)q(cessor)i(ma)o(y)9 -b(allo)o(w)i(the)h(program)e(to)i(con)o(tin)o(ue)g(while)f(it)g(decides)j -(whether)f(to)e(accept)i(a)f(request.)254 1978 y(Th)o(us,)j(when)g(this)g -(bit)f(creates)j(a)e(p)q(ending)g(request,)h(some)e(additional)f(program)g -(instructions)i(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)254 2027 y(p)q(erformed)f(b)q(efore)i(the)f -(in)o(terrupt.)19 b(If)12 b(the)i(program)d(forces)i(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(on)e -(the)i(lo)o(w)o(est{priorit)o(y)d(lev)o(el)254 2077 y(when)17 -b(all)e(lev)o(els)i(are)f(activ)o(e,)h(there)h(can)f(b)q(e)g(a)f(v)o(ery)h -(long)e(time)h(in)o(terv)n(al)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)j(the)f Fv(WRPI)f -FC(and)g(its)254 2127 y(in)o(terrupt.)192 2210 y(25)k Fu(PICHON==:1B25)55 -b FC(T)m(urn)17 b(on)f(\(enable\))h(the)h(lev)o(els)e(selected)j(b)o(y)e(1s)f -(in)h(bits)f(29{35)g(so)g(that)h(in)o(terrupt)254 2260 y(requests)g(can)f(b)q -(e)g(accepted)h(on)e(them.)22 b(If)15 b(this)g(bit)g(is)h(set)g(when)g(bit)f -(26)g(is)g(also)g(set,)h(the)g(e\013ect)h(of)e(this)254 2310 -y(instruction)f(is)g(not)g(de\014ned.)192 2393 y(26)20 b Fu(PICHOF==:1B26)54 -b FC(T)m(urn)16 b(o\013)g(\(disable\))g(the)h(lev)o(els)f(selected)h(b)o(y)f -(1s)g(in)g(bits)g(29{35)e(so)i(that)g(in)o(terrupt)254 2443 -y(requests)j(cannot)e(b)q(e)h(accepted)h(on)d(them.)27 b(P)o(ending)17 -b(requests)i(for)e(this)g(lev)o(el)g(accum)o(ulate)f(while)g(the)254 -2492 y(lev)o(el)f(is)g(disabled.)23 b(If)16 b(this)f(bit)g(is)h(set)g(when)h -(bit)e(25)g(is)g(also)g(set,)i(the)f(e\013ect)h(of)e(this)h(instruction)g(is) -f(not)254 2542 y(de\014ned.)p eop -%%Page: 224 28 -224 27 bop 0 50 a FC(224)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)42 195 y FC(27)20 b Fu(PIPIOF==:1B27)51 -b FC(T)m(urn)13 b(o\013)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt)h(system)e(so)h(that)g(no)f -(requests)j(can)d(b)q(e)i(accepted.)19 b(P)o(ending)104 245 -y(requests)c(accum)o(ulate)e(while)g(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f(system)g(is)f -(o\013.)18 b(If)c(this)f(bit)h(is)f(set)i(when)f(bit)g(28)f(is)g(also)h(set,) -104 295 y(the)g(e\013ect)i(of)d(this)h(instruction)g(is)g(not)g(de\014ned.)42 -378 y(28)20 b Fu(PIPION==:1B28)58 b FC(T)m(urn)19 b(on)g(\(enable\))h(the)g -(in)o(terrupt)g(system)f(so)g(that)h(the)g(hardw)o(are)f(can)h(accept)104 -428 y(requests.)j(P)o(ending)15 b(requests)i(\(and)e(an)o(y)g(subsequen)o(t)i -(new)e(requests\))i(are)f(accepted)h(in)d(order)i(of)f(their)104 -477 y(priorit)o(y)m(.)i(If)c(this)h(bit)g(is)f(set)i(when)g(bit)e(27)g(is)h -(also)f(set,)i(the)f(e\013ect)i(of)d(this)h(instruction)g(is)g(not)g -(de\014ned.)-21 560 y(29{35)20 b Fu(PICHNM==:177B35)52 b FC(Individual)12 -b(bits)i(to)g(select)h(lev)o(els)f(for)g(bits)g(22,)f(23,)f(24,)h(and)h(25.)p -0 851 1495 4 v 0 776 V -2 849 4 75 v 1493 849 V 538 849 V 579 -849 V 746 849 V 12 881 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 826 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 881 y Fl(8)p -372 849 V 24 w(9)436 825 y FC(15)0 743 y Fi(RDPI)332 745 y(Read)19 -b(Prio)n(rit)n(y)h(Interrupt)f(\(APR0)f(15,\))156 825 y FC(700)0 -976 y(Read)c(the)g(status)h(of)e(the)i(PI)f(system)f(in)o(to)h(lo)q(cation)f -Fx(E)18 b FC(as)c(sho)o(wn:)p 0 1216 1503 2 v 0 1067 V -1 1215 -2 150 v 1502 1215 V 456 1215 V 465 1094 a Fe(Pr)n(o)n(gr)n(am)d(R)n(e)n -(quests)528 1132 y(on)h(L)n(evels)468 1196 y FB(1)p 497 1215 -2 63 v 22 w(2)p 539 1215 V 23 w(3)p 580 1215 V 22 w(4)p 622 -1215 V 23 w(5)p 663 1215 V 22 w(6)p 705 1215 V 23 w(7)p 746 -1215 2 150 v 871 1215 V 881 1094 a Fe(Interrupt)f(Holding)943 -1132 y(on)h(L)n(evels)883 1196 y FB(1)p 912 1215 2 63 v 22 -w(2)p 954 1215 V 23 w(3)p 995 1215 V 22 w(4)p 1037 1215 V 23 -w(5)p 1078 1215 V 22 w(6)p 1120 1215 V 23 w(7)p 1161 1215 2 -150 v 1165 1134 a Fe(PI)1160 1166 y(On)p 1211 1215 V 1279 1113 -a(L)n(evels)h(On)1223 1196 y FB(1)p 1253 1215 2 63 v 23 w(2)p -1294 1215 V 22 w(3)p 1336 1215 V 23 w(4)p 1377 1215 V 22 w(5)p -1419 1215 V 23 w(6)p 1460 1215 V 22 w(7)12 1245 y Fn(0)432 -b(11)7 b(12)h(13)f(14)h(15)f(16)h(17)132 b(21)7 b(22)h(23)f(24)h(25)f(26)h -(27)k(28)f(29)d(30)f(31)h(32)f(33)h(34)f(35)0 1384 y FC(Lev)o(els)14 -b(that)g(are)h(on)e(\(enabled\))i(are)f(indicated)g(b)o(y)f(1s)h(in)g(bits)g -(29{35;)e(1s)i(in)f(bits)h(21{27)f(\()p Fu(PIPIIP==:177B27)p -FC(\))0 1434 y(indicate)19 b(lev)o(els)g(on)f(whic)o(h)h(in)o(terrupts)h(are) -f(curren)o(tly)h(held)f(\(i.e.,)g(lev)o(els)g(on)f(whic)o(h)h(in)o(terrupts)h -(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)0 1483 y(accepted)d(and)f(not)f(y)o(et)h(dismissed\);)f -(and)h(1s)f(in)h(bits)f(11{17)g(\()p Fu(PIPIRM==:177B17)p FC(\))d(indicate)k -(lev)o(els)g(on)f(whic)o(h)0 1533 y(program{initiated)9 b(requests)k(ha)o(v)o -(e)f(b)q(een)g(made)e(b)o(y)i(using)f Fv(WRPI)f FC(with)i(a)f(1)g(in)g(bit)g -(24.)17 b(A)11 b(1)h(in)f(bit)g(28)g(indicates)0 1583 y(that)j(the)g(PI)h -(system)e(is)h(turned)h(on.)p 0 1832 1495 4 v 0 1757 V -2 1830 -4 75 v 1493 1830 V 538 1830 V 579 1830 V 746 1830 V 12 1862 -a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1807 -y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1862 y Fl(8)p 372 1830 V 24 w(9)436 -1806 y FC(16)0 1724 y Fi(SZPI)332 1726 y(Skip)20 b(if)f(Zero,)g(Prio)n(rit)n -(y)h(Interrupt)f(\(APR0)f(16,\))156 1806 y FC(700)0 1957 y(This)9 -b(instruction)h(tests)h(bits)f(18{35)e(of)h(the)h(PI)g(system)f(status)h -(\(as)g(indicated)f(b)o(y)h Fv(RDPI)p FC(\))e(against)h(the)h(immedia)o(te)0 -2007 y(mask)h(supplied)h(b)o(y)g(bits)h(18{35)e(of)h Fx(E)5 -b FC(.)17 b(If)12 b(all)f(status)j(bits)e(selected)i(b)o(y)e(1s)h(in)f -Fx(E)17 b FC(are)c(zero,)g(the)g(next)g(instruction)0 2057 -y(in)g(sequence)j(is)e(skipp)q(ed.)p 0 2306 1495 4 v 0 2231 -V -2 2304 4 75 v 1493 2304 V 538 2304 V 579 2304 V 746 2304 -V 12 2336 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -2281 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2336 y Fl(8)p 372 2304 V 24 -w(9)436 2280 y FC(17)0 2198 y Fi(SNPI)332 2200 y(Skip)20 b(if)f(Non{zero,)g -(Prio)n(rit)n(y)h(Interrupt)e(\(APR0)h(17,\))156 2280 y FC(700)0 -2431 y(This)9 b(instruction)h(tests)h(bits)f(18{35)e(of)h(the)h(PI)g(system)f -(status)h(\(as)g(indicated)f(b)o(y)h Fv(RDPI)p FC(\))e(against)h(the)h -(immedia)o(te)0 2481 y(mask)17 b(supplied)i(b)o(y)g(bits)f(18{35)g(of)g -Fx(E)5 b FC(.)32 b(If)19 b(not)f(all)g(status)h(bits)g(selected)h(b)o(y)f(1s) -g(in)f Fx(E)24 b FC(are)19 b(zero,)h(the)f(next)0 2531 y(instruction)14 -b(in)g(sequence)i(is)d(skipp)q(ed.)p eop -%%Page: 225 29 -225 28 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.4.)31 b(PRIORITY)13 b(INTERR)o(UPT)1161 -b FC(225)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 75 v 1643 353 -V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 384 -y Fl(8)p 522 353 V 24 w(9)586 329 y FC(12)150 246 y Fi(SIMIRD)482 -249 y(Simulate)20 b(Interrupt)f(Register)h(Data)e(\(APR0)g(12,\))306 -329 y FC(700)150 480 y(This)13 b(instruction)h(reads)h(the)f(w)o(ord)f(at)g -(lo)q(cation)g Fs(E)i FC(and)f(uses)g(the)g(data)g(found)f(there)h(as)g -(though)f(it)g(had)h(come)150 530 y(from)e(the)j(in)o(terrupt)f(register)h -(and)f(FIF)o(O.)150 615 y(Soft)o(w)o(are)f(uses)h(this)f(instruction)g(to)g -(force)h(the)f(pro)q(cessor)i(hardw)o(are)f(to)f(sim)o(ulate)e(the)i -(e\013ect)i(of)d(certain)i(t)o(yp)q(es)150 665 y(of)f(in)o(terrupts)i(and)f -(bus)g(cycles.)19 b(F)m(or)13 b(example,)f(to)i(drop)g(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i -(from)d(a)i(particular)f(slot,)g(the)i(program)150 715 y(ma)o(y)f(issue)i -(this)g(instruction)h(with)e(the)h(data)g(p)q(ortion)g(set)g(to)g(\\FIF)o(O)g -(Not)g(Empt)o(y",)e(FIF)o(O)i(F)m(unction)g(Co)q(de)150 765 -y(set)f(to)f(00,)e(and)i(bits)g(29{31)f(set)h(to)g(the)h(priorit)o(y)e(lev)o -(el)g(and)h(32{35)f(set)i(to)e(the)i(slot)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)150 -917 y Fy(3.4.9)55 b(Sp)r(ecial)18 b(Considerations)150 1029 -y FC(Generally)m(,)10 b(in)o(terrupts)i(are)f(pro)q(cessed)i(b)q(et)o(w)o -(een)g(instructions;)f(in)e(suc)o(h)i(cases)g(PC)f(p)q(oin)o(ts)g(to)f(the)i -(next)f(instruc-)150 1079 y(tion)j(to)g(execute.)22 b(After)16 -b(taking)d(care)j(of)e(the)h(in)o(terrupt,)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(simply)d -(returns)j(to)e(the)i(in)o(terrupted)150 1129 y(pro)q(cess)c(b)o(y)f -(restoring)g(the)g(PC,)f(\015ags,)h(and)f(PI)h(system)f(status)i(b)o(y)e -(using)g(an)h Fv(XJEN)f FC(instruction.)17 b(Some)9 b(instruc-)150 -1178 y(tions)16 b(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)i(designed)g(to)e(b)q(e)i(in)o -(terruptible)f(at)f(particular)h(p)q(oin)o(ts)f(within)g(their)i(execution;)g -(for)e(these,)150 1228 y(the)g(instruction)g(\(i.e.,)f(the)h(micro)q(co)q -(de\))g(has)f(b)q(een)i(arranged)f(to)g(sa)o(v)o(e)f(the)i(state)f(of)f(its)h -(partial)f(computation)150 1278 y(so)f(that)h(the)g(instruction)f(can)h(b)q -(e)f(resumed)h(if)e(in)o(terrupted:)19 b(the)14 b(PC)g(will)d(p)q(oin)o(t)i -(to)g(the)h(instruction)g(that)f(w)o(as)150 1328 y(in)o(terrupted.)19 -b(Either:)212 1447 y FA(\017)i FC(the)c(in)o(terrupt)h(w)o(as)f(b)q(et)o(w)o -(een)h(the)g(\014rst)f(and)g(second)h(parts)g(of)e(a)h(t)o(w)o(o{part)f -(instruction,)i(where)g(First)254 1496 y(P)o(art)f(Done)g(b)q(eing)g(set)i -(prev)o(en)o(ts)f(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(from)c(rep)q(eating)j(an)o(y)f(un)o(w) -o(an)o(ted)g(op)q(erations)h(in)e(the)254 1546 y(\014rst)e(part)h(or)212 -1629 y FA(\017)21 b FC(the)c(in)o(terrupt)g(o)q(ccurred)i(at)d(some)g(p)q -(oin)o(t)g(in)g(a)h(m)o(ultipart)d(instruction)j(where)h(the)f(micro)q(co)q -(de)f(rigged)254 1679 y(the)f(v)n(arious)f(p)q(oin)o(ters)h(and)g(other)g -(quan)o(tities)g(so)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(actually)e(restarts)j(the)e -(instruction)g(at)254 1729 y(the)f(p)q(oin)o(t)g(where)h(it)e(stopp)q(ed,)i -(rather)f(than)g(at)g(the)g(b)q(eginning.)150 1848 y(Note)h(that,)f(in)h(m)o -(ultipart)d(instructions)j(suc)o(h)h(as)e Fv(BL)m(T)p FC(,)g(the)i(b)o(yte)f -(manipulatio)o(n)d(instructions,)j(or)g(the)g(string)150 1898 -y(instructions,)d(the)g(v)o(ery)f(mec)o(hanism)e(that)i(facilitates)f(the)i -(resumption)f(of)f(an)h(in)o(terrupted)h(instruction)g(results)150 -1947 y(in)h(sp)q(ecial)i(prop)q(erties)g(of)e(whic)o(h)h(the)g(programmer)e -(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)h(a)o(w)o(are.)150 2033 y(An)i(in)o(terrupt)h(can)f(start)g -(follo)o(wing)d(an)o(y)i(transfer)i(in)f(a)f Fv(BL)m(T)p FC(.)g(When)h(one)g -(do)q(es,)h(the)f Fv(BL)m(T)g FC(puts)g(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)150 -2083 y(\(whic)o(h)10 b(has)g(coun)o(ted)h(o\013)e(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of) -g(transfers)i(already)f(made\))f(bac)o(k)g(in)h(A)o(C.)f(Then,)i(when)f(the)h -(instruction)150 2133 y(is)17 b(restarted)i(follo)o(wing)14 -b(the)k(in)o(terrupt,)g(it)f(actually)f(starts)i(with)f(the)g(next)h -(transfer.)28 b(This)17 b(means)f(that,)i(if)150 2182 y(in)o(terrupts)13 -b(are)f(in)f(use,)h(the)g(programmer)e(cannot)h(use)i(the)f(accum)o(ulator)e -(that)i(holds)f(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(as)g(an)f(index)150 2232 -y(register)h(in)f(the)g(same)f Fv(BL)m(T)p FC(;)h(the)g(programmer)e(cannot)i -(ha)o(v)o(e)g(the)g Fv(BL)m(T)g FC(load)f(A)o(C,)h(except)h(b)o(y)f(the)g -(\014nal)f(transfer;)150 2282 y(moreo)o(v)o(er,)i(A)o(C)i(will)f(not)g(b)q(e) -i(the)f(same)f(after)i(the)f(instruction)g(as)g(it)g(w)o(as)g(b)q(efore.)150 -2368 y(An)d(in)o(terrupt)h(can)f(also)f(start)i(in)e(the)i(second)g -(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)h(calculation)d(in)h(a)f(t)o(w)o(o{part)h(b)o(yte)g -(instruction.)150 2417 y(When)i(this)g(happ)q(ens,)h(First)f(P)o(art)g(Done)g -(is)f(set.)19 b(This)13 b(\015ag)f(is)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(as)g(bit)g(4)f(of)g(a)h -(\015ag)f(w)o(ord;)h(if)f(it)h(is)f(restored)150 2467 y(b)o(y)g(the)g(in)o -(terrupt)h(routine)f(when)h(the)f(in)o(terrupt)h(is)f(dismissed,)f(this)h -(\015ag)f(prev)o(en)o(ts)i(a)f(restarted)i Fv(ILDB)d FC(or)h -Fv(IDPB)150 2517 y FC(from)f(incremen)o(ting)h(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(a)g -(second)h(time.)i(This)d(means)f(that)h(the)g(in)o(terrupt)h(routine)f(m)o -(ust)f(c)o(hec)o(k)h(the)150 2567 y(\015ag)j(b)q(efore)i(using)f(the)g(same)f -(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ter,)h(b)q(ecause)g(it)f(no)o(w)f(p)q(oin)o(ts)h(to)g -(the)g(next)h(b)o(yte.)27 b(Giving)15 b Fv(ILDB)i FC(or)p eop -%%Page: 226 30 -226 29 bop 0 50 a FC(226)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y Fv(IDPB)g FC(w)o(ould)h(skip)g -(a)g(b)o(yte,)h(and)f(if)g(the)h(routine)f(restored)j(the)e(\015ag,)e(the)i -(in)o(terrupted)h Fv(ILDB)e FC(or)h Fv(IDPB)e FC(w)o(ould)0 -245 y(pro)q(cess)i(the)e(same)f(b)o(yte)h(as)g(did)g(the)g(routine.)747 -230 y Fn(9)0 395 y Fy(3.4.10)55 b(Programming)16 b(Suggestions)0 -507 y FC(The)h(Monitor)e(handles)i(all)e(in)o(terrupts)i(for)f(user)h -(programs.)24 b(Ev)o(en)16 b(if)g(the)g(User)i(In{Out)e(\015ag)g(is)g(set,)h -(a)f(user)0 557 y(generally)i(cannot)h(reference)i(the)e(in)o(terrupt)g(lo)q -(cations)f(to)g(set)i(them)e(up.)32 b(Pro)q(cedures)21 b(for)d(informing)d -(the)0 607 y(Monitor)e(of)h(the)g(in)o(terrupt)h(requiremen)o(ts)f(of)f(a)h -(user)h(program)d(are)i(discussed)i(in)d(the)i(Monitor)e(man)o(ual.)0 -692 y(F)m(or)g(those)i(who)f(do)f(program)g(PI)h(routines,)g(there)h(are)f -(sev)o(eral)h(rules)f(to)g(remem)o(b)q(er:)62 802 y FA(\017)21 -b FC(T)m(o)11 b(prev)o(en)o(t)i(a)f(device)h(from)d(hanging)h(up)h(a)g(lev)o -(el,)g(the)g(programmer)e(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)i(a)o(w)o(are)f(of|and)f(satisfy|) -104 852 y(whatev)o(er)j(requiremen)o(ts)h(the)f(device)h(has)f(for)f -(dropping)h(its)g(request.)62 930 y FA(\017)21 b FC(The)16 -b(principal)f(function)g(of)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(routine)g(is)g(to)f(resp)q -(ond)i(to)e(the)h(situation)f(that)h(caused)g(the)104 980 y(in)o(terrupt.)29 -b(Computations)15 b(and)i(an)o(y)g(other)h(time{consuming)c(activities)j -(that)g(could)g(b)q(e)h(p)q(erformed)104 1030 y(elsewhere)e(should)d(b)q(e)i -(excluded)g(from)d(the)i(in)o(terrupt)h(service)g(routine.)62 -1108 y FA(\017)21 b FC(Nev)o(er)14 b(turn)g(o\013)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g -(system)f(in)g(a)g(routine)g(unless)h(it)f(is)g(absolutely)g(necessary)i(to)e -(do)g(so,)g(and)104 1158 y(then)i(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(turn)i(it)f(on)g(again)g(as) -g(so)q(on)g(as)h(p)q(ossible.)20 b(If)14 b(one)g(or)h(more)e(priorit)o(y)h -(lev)o(els)g(can)h(b)q(e)g(turned)104 1208 y(o\013)f(instead,)f(that)h(is)g -(preferable)h(to)f(turning)f(o\013)h(the)h(whole)e(PI)h(system.)62 -1286 y FA(\017)21 b FC(If)11 b(the)h(in)o(terrupt)h(service)g(routine)f(uses) -g(a)g(UUO,)f(it)h(m)o(ust)e(\014rst)j(sa)o(v)o(e)f(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of) -e(the)h(lo)q(cations)f(that)104 1336 y(will)i(b)q(e)j(c)o(hanged)f(b)o(y)g -(it)f(in)h(case)h(the)f(in)o(terrupted)i(program)c(w)o(as)i(in)f(the)i(pro)q -(cess)h(of)d(handling)g(a)g(UUO)104 1386 y(of)f(the)i(same)e(t)o(yp)q(e)h(\() -p FA(x)q FC(2.16\).)62 1464 y FA(\017)21 b FC(The)g(routine)g(m)o(ust)e -(dismiss)h(the)h(in)o(terrupt)h(with)e(an)g Fv(XJEN)g FC(when)i(returning)f -(to)f(the)i(in)o(terrupted)104 1514 y(program.)16 b(Flags)e(and)f(UUO)i(lo)q -(cations)e(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(restored.)0 1685 y Ft(3.5)70 b(Cac)n(he)22 -b(Op)r(erations)0 1812 y FC(F)m(or)d(the)g(user,)i(the)e(cac)o(he)h(is)f -(transparen)o(t:)29 b(an)o(y)19 b(program)e(simply)g(gets)j(information)c -(from)h(memory)f(and)0 1862 y(stores)d(information)c(in)i(memory)m(.)j(Ho)o -(w)o(ev)o(er,)e(the)g(use)h(of)e(a)g(cac)o(he)h(as)g(part)g(of)f(the)h -(memory)d(subsystem)j(reduces)0 1911 y(program)k(time,)g(b)q(ecause)j(the)f -(cac)o(he)g(is)f(faster)h(than)f(the)h(storage)g(mo)q(dules.)27 -b(The)17 b(cac)o(he)h(also)f(reduces)i(the)0 1961 y(program's)8 -b(need)j(to)f(access)i(storage,)f(making)c(a)j(larger)g(fraction)g(of)f(the)i -(storage)f(bandwidth)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(to)j(other)0 2011 -y(parts)15 b(of)f(the)i(system.)k(As)15 b(explained)f(in)h -FA(x)p FC(1.1.2,)e(transfers)j(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(cac)o(he)g(and)e(storage)h -(are)g(in)g(eigh)o(t{w)o(ord)0 2061 y(lines;)e(storage)i(references)h(are)f -(to)e(eigh)o(t)h(lo)q(cations)f(at)h(a)g(time.)0 2146 y(The)g(cac)o(he)h(con) -o(tains)e(represen)o(tations)j(of)d(a)g(selection)h(of)f(suc)o(h)i(memory)c -(lines.)18 b(One)c(ma)o(y)e(view)h(the)h(cac)o(he)h(as)0 2196 -y(131,072)g(registers)j(organized)e(in)h(lines)f(of)g(eigh)o(t,)h(whic)o(h)f -(temp)q(orarily)f(substitute)j(for)e(the)h(most)f(frequen)o(tly)0 -2246 y(referenced)k(storage)e(lo)q(cations.)27 b(The)18 b(cac)o(he)g(serv)o -(es)h(this)f(function)f(not)g(only)f(for)h(the)h(program)e(but)h(for)g(all)0 -2296 y(applicable)10 b(micro)q(co)q(de)g(references,)k(including)9 -b(those)i(for)g(handling)e(in)o(terrupts,)j(traps,)f(page)g(re\014lls,)g(and) -f(other)0 2346 y(automatic)i(op)q(erations.)0 2431 y(The)h(cac)o(he)h(is)f -(organized)g(as)g(8,192)f(pairs)h(of)f(eigh)o(t{w)o(ord)g(lines.)18 -b(Address)d(bits)e(33{35)e(select)k(a)d(w)o(ord)h(within)f(a)0 -2481 y(line.)k(Address)d(bits)d(20{32)g(select)i(a)e(pair)g(of)g(lines.)17 -b(A)11 b(cac)o(he)g(directory)g(sp)q(eci\014es)i(the)e(bac)o(kplane)f(bus)h -(address)1763 2466 y Fn(10)p 0 2511 720 2 v 46 2538 a Fm(9)64 -2550 y Fl(Generally)e(sp)q(eaking,)g(it)i(w)o(ould)g(b)q(e)g(b)q(etter)f(to)h -(use)g(di\013eren)o(t)e(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ters)g(at)h(di\013eren)o(t)e -(priorit)o(y)h(lev)o(els.)31 2577 y Fm(10)64 2589 y Fl(The)g(4{bit)f(slot)h -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(and)i(bits)g(7{19)f(of)h(the)g(in{mo)q(dule)d(address;)i -(for)h(cac)o(he)f(references)f(to)j(memory)m(,)d(the)i(device)e(bit,)i -Ff(D)s Fl(,)0 2629 y(is)h(implicitly)e(zero.)p eop -%%Page: 227 31 -227 30 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.5.)31 b(CA)o(CHE)14 b(OPERA)m(TIONS)1200 -b FC(227)150 195 y(asso)q(ciated)16 b(with)e(eac)o(h)h(of)f(the)i(lines)e(in) -h(the)g(pair,)f(the)h(\\v)n(alid")e(and)i(\\mo)q(di\014ed")e(\015ags)h(for)h -(eac)o(h)g(of)f(the)i(lines,)150 245 y(and)e(one)g(bit)f(to)h(indicate)g -(whic)o(h)g(one)g(of)f(the)i(pair)e(of)g(lines)h(w)o(as)g(least)g(recen)o -(tly)h(used.)150 330 y(Initially)m(,)f(the)i(cac)o(he)h(con)o(tains)f -(nothing:)22 b(b)q(oth)16 b(v)n(alid)f(bits)h(in)f(ev)o(ery)i(pair)f(of)f -(lines)h(are)h(clear.)25 b(The)16 b(w)o(a)o(y)f(the)150 380 -y(hardw)o(are)h(handles)f(the)h(cac)o(he)g(dep)q(ends)h(on)e(whether)h(the)g -(pro)q(cessor's)h(initial)d(reference)j(to)e(a)g(lo)q(cation)f(in)h(a)150 -430 y(line)e(is)h(a)g(read)g(or)g(a)g(write.)150 516 y(When)g(the)g(pro)q -(cessor's)h(\014rst)f(reference)i(to)e(a)f(line)g(is)g(to)g(read)h(the)g(con) -o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(one)h(of)e(its)i(lo)q(cations,)e(memory)150 -565 y(con)o(trol)i(retriev)o(es)i(from)d(storage)h(the)h(en)o(tire)g(eigh)o -(t{w)o(ord)f(line)g(that)g(con)o(tains)g(the)h(referenced)i(lo)q(cation.)i -(The)150 615 y(single)f(w)o(ord)g(requested)i(is)e(supplied)g(to)g(the)h(pro) -q(cessor)h(\(whic)o(h)e(had)g(b)q(een)h(w)o(aiting\))e(and)h(all)f(eigh)o(t)h -(w)o(ords)150 665 y(are)d(loaded)g(in)o(to)f(the)h(cac)o(he)h(line,)e(whic)o -(h)h(is)g(mark)o(ed)e(as)i(v)n(alid)e(and)i(unmo)q(di\014ed;)f(i.e.,)f -(represen)o(ting)k(the)e(true)150 715 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)e(of)e(memory)m(.)j -(The)e(actual)g(bac)o(kplane)f(bus)h(transactions)g(that)g(read)g(a)g(line)f -(are)h(arranged)g(so)g(that)f(the)150 765 y(requested)17 b(w)o(ord)e(in)g -(the)g(line)g(is)g(returned)i(in)d(the)i(\014rst)g(bus)g(cycle)f(of)g(the)h -(memory's)c(resp)q(onse.)24 b(Subsequen)o(t)150 815 y(references,)17 -b(read)e(or)f(write,)h(to)f(the)h(same)e(line)h(are)h(made)e(to)i(the)g(cac)o -(he,)g(not)f(to)g(storage.)20 b(A)15 b(write)f(reference)150 -864 y(to)g(an)o(y)f(w)o(ord)h(in)f(the)h(line)g(c)o(hanges)g(the)h(con)o(ten) -o(ts)g(of)e(the)h(cac)o(he,)g(not)g(storage,)g(and)g(causes)h(the)f(en)o -(tire)h(line)e(to)150 914 y(b)q(e)i(mark)o(ed)d(as)i(\\mo)q(di\014ed".)j(A)c -(line)h(that)g(is)g(v)n(alid)e(and)i(mo)q(di\014ed)e(represen)o(ts)17 -b(what)d(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(storage)150 964 y(should)g(b)q(e;)g(a)f -(mo)q(di\014ed)g(line)g(ev)o(en)o(tually)h(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)j(written)f(bac)o -(k)g(to)g(storage.)150 1050 y(When)j(the)h(pro)q(cessor's)h(\014rst)f -(reference)i(to)d(a)g(line)g(is)g(for)g(writing,)f(the)i(memory)d(con)o(trol) -i(accepts)i(the)f(new)150 1099 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)12 b(of)f(the)g(w)o(ord)g -(and)g(holds)g(it)f(while)h(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(con)o(tin)o(ues.)k(Memory)10 -b(con)o(trol)h(will)f(cause)i(the)f(en)o(tire)150 1149 y(eigh)o(t{w)o(ord)j -(line)f(to)h(b)q(e)h(read)g(from)d(storage)j(and)f(loaded)g(in)o(to)f(the)i -(cac)o(he.)20 b(The)15 b(newly)f(written)g(data)g(item)f(is)150 -1199 y(placed)h(in)f(the)i(cac)o(he,)f(obliterating)f(the)h(information)d -(read)j(from)e(the)j(corresp)q(onding)f(storage)h(lo)q(cation,)d(and)150 -1249 y(the)i(cac)o(he)h(line)f(is)f(mark)o(ed)g(as)h(\\v)n(alid")e(and)i -(\\mo)q(di\014ed".)150 1334 y(As)d(the)h(program)d(executes,)k(the)f(cac)o -(he)g(\014lls)e(with)g(v)n(alid)g(data.)16 b(Ev)o(en)o(tually)m(,)10 -b(a)h(reference)i(is)e(made)f(to)g(a)h(lo)q(cation)150 1384 -y(not)i(already)g(in)g(the)g(cac)o(he)h(and)f(for)g(whic)o(h)g(b)q(oth)g -(lines)g(in)g(the)h(appropriate)f(set)h(are)g(v)n(alid.)i(T)m(o)c(mak)o(e)g -(ro)q(om)f(in)150 1434 y(the)k(cac)o(he)h(for)e(this)h(latest)g(reference,)h -(the)f(least)g(recen)o(tly)h(used)f(line)f(of)g(the)i(selected)g(set)f(is)g -(remo)o(v)o(ed.)k(If)14 b(the)150 1484 y(line)i(b)q(eing)g(remo)o(v)o(ed)f -(is)h(b)q(oth)h(v)n(alid)e(and)h(mo)q(di\014ed,)f(the)h(line)g(will)f(b)q(e)i -(written)g(to)f(memory)e(b)q(efore)j(the)f(line)150 1534 y(is)g(reassigned)i -(for)e(the)g(latest)h(reference.)28 b(If)16 b(the)h(line)f(w)o(as)g(not)g(b)q -(oth)h(v)n(alid)e(and)h(mo)q(di\014ed,)f(it)h(is)g(reassigned)150 -1583 y(immediately)l(.)i(In)d(either)g(case,)h(the)g(memory)c(con)o(trol)i -(and)h(cac)o(he)h(then)f(pro)q(ceed)i(with)d(the)i(pro)q(cessor's)g(read)150 -1633 y(or)e(write)g(reference,)i(as)e(describ)q(ed)i(in)d(the)i(t)o(w)o(o)e -(paragraphs)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)150 1719 y(A)g(memory)d(reference)16 -b(is)d(cac)o(heable)h(\(i.e.,)f(sub)r(ject)i(to)e(b)q(eing)h(put)f(in)h(the)g -(cac)o(he)g(and/or)f(found)h(in)f(the)h(cac)o(he\))150 1769 -y(only)g(when)h(the)g(follo)o(wing)d(are)i(true:)21 b(the)15 -b(memory)d(reference)17 b(o)q(ccurs)e(while)f(the)h(pager)g(is)g(on,)e(the)i -(reference)150 1818 y(uses)i(the)f(pager,)g(the)h(CST)e(Base)i(Register)f(is) -g(non{zero,)g(and)f(the)i(CST)e(en)o(try)i(for)e(the)i(page)e(on)h(whic)o(h)f -(the)150 1868 y(reference)h(o)q(ccurs)g(p)q(ermits)d(cac)o(hing;)g(see)i -(also)f FA(x)p FC(3.7.)150 2020 y Fy(3.5.1)55 b(Cac)n(he)20 -b(Programming)150 2133 y FC(The)e(cac)o(he)h(is)f(in)o(terp)q(osed)h(b)q(et)o -(w)o(een)g(storage)g(and)e(the)i(XKL)1169 2129 y(-)1181 2133 -y(1)f(pro)q(cessor,)i(not)e(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(storage)g(and)e(the)150 -2182 y(p)q(eripheral)d(subsystems.)19 b(Therefore,)14 b(an)o(y)f(op)q -(eration)h(of)f(the)h(p)q(eripheral)g(subsystems)g(to)g(write)g(storage)g(ma) -o(y)150 2232 y(render)20 b(the)e(cac)o(he's)h(represen)o(tation)h(of)d -(storage)i(incorrect.)32 b(F)m(or)17 b(example,)g(in)h(an)g(input)g(op)q -(eration,)g(data)150 2282 y(from)13 b(a)i(p)q(eripheral)g(device)h(is)f -(written)h(in)e(memory;)f(this)i(action)f(c)o(hanges)i(memory)c(without)j -(automatically)150 2332 y(marking)d(as)j(in)o(v)n(alid)d(the)j(cac)o(he's)g -(represen)o(tation)h(of)d(what)i(is)f(in)g(that)g(memory)m(.)i(Therefore,)g -(in)d(the)i(absence)150 2382 y(of)h(measures)h(tak)o(en)f(to)g(prev)o(en)o(t) -i(this)e(problem,)g(the)h(cac)o(he)g(w)o(ould)f(supply)g(the)h(old,)f -(incorrect)i(data)e(to)g(the)150 2431 y(pro)q(cessor.)k(Similarl)o(y)m(,)10 -b(a)j(p)q(eripheral's)h(attempt)e(to)i(read)f(storage)h(in)f(an)g(output)h -(op)q(eration)f(will)f(obtain)h(stale)150 2481 y(\(incorrect\))i(data)f(when) -g(the)h(cac)o(he)g(con)o(tains)f(v)n(alid)e(and)i(mo)q(di\014ed)e(data.)150 -2567 y(The)k(Monitor)f(is)g(resp)q(onsible)h(for)f(managing)e(the)i -(relationship)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(storage)f(mo)q(dules,)e(p)q(eripheral)i -(de-)150 2617 y(vices,)22 b(and)e(the)g(cac)o(he.)38 b(T)m(o)19 -b(prev)o(en)o(t)i(problems)f(of)f(cac)o(he/storage)i(inconsistency)m(,)h(the) -f(XKL)1747 2613 y(-)1759 2617 y(1)f(pro)o(vides)p eop -%%Page: 228 32 -228 31 bop 0 50 a FC(228)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FC(op)q(erations)f(that)g(the)g -(program)e(can)i(p)q(erform)f(on)g(the)h(cac)o(he.)19 b(An)o(y)13 -b(one)f(of)h(these)h(op)q(erations)f(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)k(applied)0 -245 y(to)g(all)e(en)o(tries)j(in)f(the)g(cac)o(he)h(or)f(to)g(all)e(en)o -(tries)j(on)f(a)g(single)f(page.)18 b(These)d(op)q(erations)f(are)62 -364 y FA(\017)21 b FC(In)o(v)n(alidate)12 b(cac)o(he.)19 b(T)m(o)13 -b(in)o(v)n(alidate)e(a)j(cac)o(he)g(line)f(is)h(simply)d(to)i(clear)h(its)g -(v)n(alid)e(and)h(mo)q(di\014ed)f(\015ags)i(so)f(it)104 413 -y(no)g(longer)h(represen)o(ts)j(an)o(ything.)62 497 y FA(\017)k -FC(V)m(alidate)14 b(storage)i(\(writebac)o(k\).)23 b(T)m(o)15 -b(v)n(alidate)f(storage)i(is)f(to)h(write)g(to)f(memory)e(a)i(cac)o(hed)h -(line)f(whose)104 546 y(mo)q(di\014ed)e(\015ag)g(is)h(set)h(and)f(then)h -(clear)g(the)g(mo)q(di\014ed)e(\015ag;)g(v)n(alidation)f(of)h(an)h(unmo)q -(di\014ed)f(cac)o(he)i(line)f(is)104 596 y(a)f(no{op.)62 679 -y FA(\017)21 b FC(V)m(alidate)d(storage)j(and)e(in)o(v)n(alidate)f(the)j(cac) -o(he)g(\(unload\).)35 b(T)m(o)19 b(unload)g(a)h(cac)o(he)g(line)g(is)f(to)h -(v)n(alidate)104 729 y(storage,)14 b(if)f(needed,)i(and)e(then)i(to)f(clear)g -(the)g(v)n(alid)f(\015ag.)0 848 y(F)m(ollo)o(wing)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)i -(turn{on,)h(the)f(cac)o(he)i(directory)f(con)o(tains)f(indeterminate)g(data.) -24 b(The)17 b(cac)o(he)g(is)g(prop)q(erly)0 898 y(initialized)12 -b(b)o(y)i(in)o(v)n(alidating)d(all)i(en)o(tries.)663 882 y -Fn(11)0 983 y FC(Consider)h(the)h(situation)e(in)g(whic)o(h)h(a)g(program)e -(is)i(\014nished)g(with)g(the)g(data)g(in)f(a)h(particular)f(\(mo)q -(di\014ed\))g(page)0 1033 y(whic)o(h)g(is)h(no)o(w)f(to)g(b)q(e)h(sw)o(app)q -(ed)h(via)d(a)i(p)q(eripheral)g(subsystem)g(with)f(new)h(data)f(to)g(b)q(e)h -(brough)o(t)g(in)o(to)f(the)h(same)0 1083 y(ph)o(ysical)j(page)h(for)f(later) -h(use.)30 b(An)o(y)18 b(cac)o(hed)g(data)g(for)f(this)h(page)f(m)o(ust)g(b)q -(e)h(unloaded)g(in)o(to)f(storage:)26 b(\014rst,)0 1133 y(so)17 -b(that)g(storage)g(will)f(con)o(tain)g(v)n(alidated)g(data)h(prior)g(to)g -(outputting)f(that)h(data)g(to)g(disk;)g(second,)i(so)e(that)0 -1182 y(the)f(newly)f(input)f(data)h(from)e(disk)i(will)f(b)q(e)h(read)h(from) -d(storage)j(rather)f(than)g(from)f(the)h(cac)o(he.)23 b(In)15 -b(con)o(trast,)0 1232 y(consider)h(a)f(page)h(of)f(data)g(that)g(has)h(just)f -(b)q(een)i(loaded)e(in)o(to)g(memory)e(b)o(y)i(LINK.)g(T)m(o)g(create)i(an)e -(executable)0 1282 y(\014le)f(from)e(this)i(memory)e(image,)f(the)k(memory)c -(pages)k(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)h(copied)h(to)e(disk;)h(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)g(the)g -(data)g(remains)0 1332 y(in)e(memory)m(,)e(ready)k(for)e(execution.)19 -b(An)o(y)12 b(cac)o(hed)i(data)f(for)g(the)g(page)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(v)n -(alidated)d(in)i(storage)g(prior)g(to)0 1382 y(the)g(output)g(op)q(eration;)g -(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)g(so)g(that)g(the)g(program)e(can)j(execute)g(from)d(the)j -(cac)o(he,)f(there)h(is)f(comp)q(elling)0 1431 y(reason)h(to)g(lea)o(v)o(e)g -(an)o(y)f(v)n(alid)g(data)g(for)h(the)g(page)g(in)f(the)i(cac)o(he.)0 -1583 y Fy(3.5.2)55 b(Cac)n(he)20 b(Sw)n(eeping)e(Instructions)0 -1696 y FC(There)i(are)f(six)f(instructions)i(to)e(p)q(erform)g(the)i(three)g -(sw)o(eep)f(op)q(erations)g(\(i.e.,)g(in)o(v)n(alidate)e(cac)o(he,)j(v)n -(alidate)0 1746 y(storage,)14 b(and)g(unload)f(cac)o(he\),)h(either)h(for)e -(one)h(ph)o(ysical)g(page)g(or)f(for)h(the)g(en)o(tire)h(cac)o(he.)k(When)14 -b(sw)o(eeping)g(for)0 1795 y(one)f(page,)g(only)f(the)h(64)g(sets)h(of)e -(lines)h(that)g(ma)o(y)e(con)o(tain)i(information)d(for)i(the)i(selected)g -(page)f(are)h(examined.)0 1845 y(The)j(v)n(alidate{all)c(and)j(unload{all)e -(op)q(erations)i(require)i(an)d(examination)f(of)i(all)f(16,384)f(lines;)j -(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)f(in)0 1895 y(the)e(XKL)162 1891 y(-)175 -1895 y(1,)f(the)h(in)o(v)n(alidate{all)d(op)q(eration)j(is)f(v)o(ery)i(fast.) -p 0 1930 720 2 v 31 1956 a Fm(11)64 1968 y Fl(The)8 b(cac)o(he)f(con)o(ten)o -(ts)g(will)h(ha)o(v)o(e)g(indetermin)o(ate)d(parit)o(y)i(follo)o(wing)g(p)q -(o)o(w)o(er)h(turn{on,)f(but)g(this)h(should)f(not)h(create)f(an)o(y)h -(problem)0 2008 y(in)j(the)g(normal)f(use)h(of)g(the)f(cac)o(he.)k(In)o(v)n -(alidating)8 b(all)j(en)o(tries)f(ensures)g(that)h(the)f(cac)o(he)g -(directory)f(has)i(go)q(o)q(d)g(parit)o(y)m(.)p eop -%%Page: 229 33 -229 32 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.5.)31 b(CA)o(CHE)14 b(OPERA)m(TIONS)1200 -b FC(229)952 224 y Fy(Caution)254 315 y FC(When)17 b(in)o(terrupted,)i(a)e -(sw)o(eep{all)g(instruction)h(stores)g(its)g(in)o(termediate)e(state)i(in)f -(lo)q(cations)g(of)254 365 y(MemA)c(sp)q(eci\014c)j(to)d(the)i(particular)f -(form)e(of)i(sw)o(eep{all)f(that)h(is)g(in)g(progress.)20 b(If)13 -b(a)h(sw)o(eep{all)g(in-)254 415 y(struction)e(is)f(in)o(terrupted)i(and)e -(the)h(in)o(terrupt)h(pro)q(cess)g(attempts)e(another)h(sw)o(eep{all)f -(instruction)254 465 y(of)i(the)i(same)e(t)o(yp)q(e)h(\(i.e.,)f -Fv(SWPUA)g FC(is)h(in)o(terrupted)h(and)f(another)g Fv(SWPUA)f -FC(is)h(started\),)h(the)f(state)254 515 y(of)g(the)i(in)o(terrupted)g -(instruction)f(will)f(b)q(e)h(lost.)21 b(The)15 b(instruction)h(in)e(the)i -(in)o(terrupt)f(routine)h(will)254 564 y(p)q(erform)f(the)i(en)o(tire)h -(indicated)e(op)q(eration)g(\(unless)i(it)e(is)g(in)o(terrupted\);)j(when)e -(the)g(in)o(terrupted)254 614 y(program)12 b(resumes,)i(the)g(in)o(terrupted) -i(sw)o(eep{all)d(instruction)h(will)f(terminate)g(immediately)l(.)254 -700 y(The)19 b(same)e(caution)h(applies)g(to)h(pro)q(cesses)i(that)d(run)h -(in)f(resp)q(onse)i(to)e(page)h(traps,)g(b)q(ecause)h(a)254 -750 y(sw)o(eep)e(instruction)f(could)g(b)q(e)h(in)o(terrupted)g(b)o(y)f(a)g -(Cac)o(he)g(T)m(ag)f(P)o(arit)o(y)h(Error)h(or)f(a)f(Cac)o(he)i(Data)254 -799 y(P)o(arit)o(y)11 b(Error)i(page)f(trap.)17 b(Reco)o(v)o(ery)c(from)d(a)i -(Cac)o(he)g(Data)f(P)o(arit)o(y)h(Error)h(or)f(a)f(Cac)o(he)i(T)m(ag)e(P)o -(arit)o(y)254 849 y(Error)j(should)f(a)o(v)o(oid)f(the)i(use)g(of)e(the)i(sw) -o(eep)h(instructions)f(and,)e(instead,)i(pinp)q(oin)o(t)e(the)i(error)g(via) -254 899 y(the)g(cac)o(he)h(diagnostic)e(instructions.)p 150 -1225 1495 4 v 150 1150 V 148 1223 4 75 v 1643 1223 V 688 1223 -V 729 1223 V 896 1223 V 162 1255 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1200 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1255 -y Fl(8)p 522 1223 V 24 w(9)586 1199 y FC(11)150 1117 y Fi(SWPIA)482 -1120 y(Sw)n(eep)20 b(Cache,)g(Invalidate)h(All)e(\(APR1)f(11,\))306 -1199 y FC(701)150 1350 y(Clear)c(the)g(v)n(alid)f(bit)g(from)f(all)h(cac)o -(he)i(lines.)j(This)c(op)q(eration)f(is)h(appropriate)g(after)g(p)q(o)o(w)o -(er{up.)150 1436 y(The)22 b(cautionary)g(message)f(that)h(precedes)j(this)d -(instruction)g(description)g(should)g(generally)f(b)q(e)i(heeded.)150 -1486 y(In)18 b(fact,)g(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)h(the)f(actual)g(implem)o(en)o -(tation)d(of)i Fv(SWPIA)g FC(in)g(the)i(XKL)1400 1482 y(-)1412 -1486 y(1)e(do)q(es)i(not)f(require)g(storage)h(of)150 1536 -y(in)o(termediate{state)14 b(information)d(and)i(it)h(cannot)g(generate)h -(page)f(traps.)p 150 1785 1495 4 v 150 1710 V 148 1783 4 75 -v 1643 1783 V 688 1783 V 729 1783 V 896 1783 V 162 1814 a Fl(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1760 y Fx(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)494 1814 y Fl(8)p 522 1783 V 24 w(9)586 1759 y -FC(15)150 1676 y Fi(SWPIO)482 1679 y(Sw)n(eep)20 b(Cache,)g(Invalidate)h(One) -d(P)n(age)i(\(APR1)e(15,\))306 1759 y FC(701)150 1910 y(Clear)g(the)i(v)n -(alid)d(bit)h(from)f(the)i(lines)f(holding)f(information)f(for)i(one)h(page.) -32 b(Lo)q(cation)18 b Fx(E)24 b FC(con)o(tains)18 b(a)h(bus)150 -1960 y(address)e(w)o(ord)e(\()p FA(x)q FC(3.1.4\))f(that)h(sp)q(eci\014es)j -(the)e(page)f(b)q(eing)h(sw)o(ept.)23 b(Bits)16 b(27{35)e(of)h(the)h(bus)g -(address)h(w)o(ord)f(are)150 2010 y(ignored.)i(Bit)c(0)f(of)h(the)g(bus)g -(address)i(w)o(ord)d(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)i(zero.)150 2095 y(This)e(instruction)h -(migh)o(t)d(b)q(e)j(giv)o(en)f(for)g(a)g(page)g(after)h(an)f(op)q(eration)g -(that)g(inputs)h(data)f(to)g(it)g(and)g(b)q(efore)h(that)150 -2145 y(data)i(is)g(examined.)23 b(Equiv)n(alen)o(tly)m(,)14 -b(it)i(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j(giv)o(en)f(after)g(a)g(page)g(is)g(discarded;)i -(e.g.,)d(when)i(a)e(read{only)150 2195 y(page)f(is)g(sw)o(app)q(ed)g(out.)p -150 2444 1495 4 v 150 2369 V 148 2442 4 75 v 1643 2442 V 688 -2442 V 729 2442 V 896 2442 V 162 2473 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2419 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2473 -y Fl(8)p 522 2442 V 24 w(9)586 2418 y FC(12)150 2335 y Fi(SWPV)-5 -b(A)482 2338 y(Sw)n(eep)20 b(Cache,)g(V)n(alidate)g(All)f(\(APR1)g(12,\))306 -2418 y FC(701)150 2569 y(All)12 b(16,384)f(cac)o(he)i(lines)g(are)g -(examined.)j(Cop)o(y)c(to)h(storage)g(an)o(y)f(line)g(in)g(whic)o(h)h(the)g -(\\mo)q(di\014ed")e(bit)h(is)h(set)g(and)150 2619 y(clear)h(the)h(\\mo)q -(di\014ed")d(bit.)p eop -%%Page: 230 34 -230 33 bop 0 50 a FC(230)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FC(The)g(caution)g(on)g(page)f -(229)h(applies)f(to)h Fv(SWPV)m(A)p FC(.)p 0 444 1495 4 v 0 -369 V -2 442 4 75 v 1493 442 V 538 442 V 579 442 V 746 442 -V 12 474 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -419 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 474 y Fl(8)p 372 442 V 24 w(9)436 -418 y FC(16)0 336 y Fi(SWPV)n(O)332 339 y(Sw)n(eep)20 b(Cache,)g(V)n(alidate) -g(One)e(P)n(age)i(\(APR1)f(16,\))156 418 y FC(701)0 569 y(Cop)o(y)9 -b(to)h(storage)g(an)o(y)f(mo)q(di\014ed)g(lines)g(b)q(elonging)g(to)h(the)g -(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(page.)k(Lo)q(cation)9 b Fx(E)15 b FC(con)o(tains)10 -b(a)f(bus)i(address)0 619 y(w)o(ord)16 b(\()p FA(x)q FC(3.1.4\))e(that)j(sp)q -(eci\014es)h(the)e(page)h(to)f(b)q(e)g(sw)o(ept.)26 b(Clear)16 -b(the)h(\\mo)q(di\014ed")d(bit)i(for)g(an)o(y)g(line)g(copied)g(to)0 -669 y(storage.)28 b(Bits)17 b(27{35)f(of)g(the)i(bus)f(address)h(w)o(ord)f -(are)g(ignored;)h(bit)f(0)f(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)i(zero.)28 b(This)17 -b(instruction)g(is)0 719 y(appropriate)d(when)g(a)g(page)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h -(written)h(to)e(a)h(p)q(eripheral)g(and)g(retained)h(in)e(memory)m(.)p -0 968 1495 4 v 0 893 V -2 966 4 75 v 1493 966 V 538 966 V 579 -966 V 746 966 V 12 998 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 943 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 998 y Fl(8)p -372 966 V 24 w(9)436 942 y FC(13)0 860 y Fi(SWPUA)332 862 y(Sw)n(eep)20 -b(Cache,)g(Unload)f(All)g(\(APR1)g(13,\))156 942 y FC(701)0 -1093 y(All)d(16,384)e(cac)o(he)j(lines)g(are)g(examined.)24 -b(Cop)o(y)16 b(to)g(storage)h(an)o(y)f(line)g(in)f(whic)o(h)i(the)g(\\mo)q -(di\014ed")d(bit)i(is)h(set.)0 1143 y(Clear)d(the)g(\\mo)q(di\014ed")e(and)i -(\\v)n(alid")e(bits)i(in)f(ev)o(ery)i(line.)0 1228 y(This)g(instruction)h(is) -f(appropriate)h(b)q(efore)g(turning)f(o\013)g(the)h(cac)o(he.)1094 -1213 y Fn(12)1153 1228 y FC(It)f(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(appropriate)f(in)g -(situations)0 1278 y(where)g(a)f(large{scale)g(output)g(op)q(eration)f(is)h -(con)o(templated.)0 1364 y(The)g(caution)g(on)g(page)f(229)h(applies)f(to)h -Fv(SWPUA)p FC(.)p 0 1613 1495 4 v 0 1538 V -2 1611 4 75 v 1493 -1611 V 538 1611 V 579 1611 V 746 1611 V 12 1643 a Fl(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1588 y Fx(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)344 1643 y Fl(8)p 372 1611 V 24 w(9)436 1587 y -FC(17)0 1505 y Fi(SWPUO)332 1507 y(Sw)n(eep)20 b(Cache,)g(Unload)f(One)f(P)n -(age)i(\(APR1)f(17,\))156 1587 y FC(701)0 1738 y(Cop)o(y)14 -b(to)f(storage)i(an)o(y)e(mo)q(di\014ed)g(lines)h(b)q(elonging)f(to)h(the)h -(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(page;)f(in)o(v)n(alidate)e(all)h(lines)h(b)q(elonging)f(to) -0 1788 y(the)k(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(page.)25 b(Lo)q(cation)15 b -Fx(E)22 b FC(con)o(tains)16 b(a)f(bus)i(address)g(w)o(ord)f(\()p -FA(x)q FC(3.1.4\))e(that)i(sp)q(eci\014es)i(the)f(page)f(b)q(eing)0 -1838 y(sw)o(ept.)j(Bits)14 b(27{35)f(of)g(the)i(bus)f(address)h(w)o(ord)f -(are)g(ignored;)f(bit)h(0)f(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)i(zero.)0 1923 -y(This)f(instruction)g(is)g(appropriate)g(when)g(a)g(page)g(is)f(to)h(b)q(e)g -(written)h(to)f(a)f(p)q(eripheral)i(and)e(then)i(discarded.)0 -2075 y Fy(3.5.3)55 b(Cac)n(he)20 b(Diagnostic)e(Instructions)0 -2188 y FC(There)13 b(are)e(t)o(w)o(o)g(instructions)i(b)o(y)e(whic)o(h)g(the) -h(program)e(can)i(v)o(erify)f(the)h(cac)o(he)g(data)f(and)g(tag)h(memories.)j -(These)0 2237 y(instructions)f(are)g(not)f(considered)i(part)f(of)f(the)h -(normal)d(op)q(erating)j(rep)q(ertoire;)h(they)f(ma)o(y)m(,)c(ho)o(w)o(ev)o -(er,)k(b)q(e)g(part)0 2287 y(of)f(system)h(initialization,)d(diagnosis,)h(or) -i(error)h(reco)o(v)o(ery)m(.)p 0 2322 720 2 v 31 2349 a Fm(12)64 -2360 y Fl(The)9 b(cac)o(he)g(cannot)f(b)q(e)h(turned)f(o\013)i(directly)m(.)i -(The)e(CST)h(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)g(c)o(hanged)f(to)h(mark)g(pages)f(as)i(uncac)o -(heable)o(;)e(then)h(the)g(cac)o(he)0 2400 y(can)i(b)q(e)g(unloaded.)p -eop -%%Page: 231 35 -231 34 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.5.)31 b(CA)o(CHE)14 b(OPERA)m(TIONS)1200 -b FC(231)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 75 v 1643 353 -V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 384 -y Fl(8)p 522 353 V 24 w(9)586 329 y FC(10)150 246 y Fi(DRDCSH)482 -249 y(Diagnostic)21 b(Read)e(Cache)g(T)-5 b(ag)19 b(and)f(Data)g(\(APR1)h -(10,\))306 329 y FC(701)150 480 y(Read)c(selected)i(data)e(and)g(directory)h -(information)c(from)h(the)j(cac)o(he.)23 b(The)15 b(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)j -Fx(E)i FC(p)q(oin)o(ts)15 b(to)g(a)150 530 y(blo)q(c)o(k)i(of)f(three)i -(consecutiv)o(e)g(w)o(ords.)28 b(The)17 b(w)o(ord)g(at)f Fx(E)22 -b FC(con)o(tains)17 b(\014elds)h(that)e(select)j(whic)o(h)e(cac)o(he)g(w)o -(ord)g(to)150 580 y(read.)i(Data)13 b(is)g(returned)j(in)d -Fx(E)5 b FC(+1)14 b(and)g Fx(E)5 b FC(+2,)14 b(as)g(sho)o(wn)g(b)q(elo)o(w.) -150 665 y(If)g(a)f(Cac)o(he)i(T)m(ag)e(P)o(arit)o(y)h(Error)g(or)g(a)g(Cac)o -(he)h(Data)e(P)o(arit)o(y)h(Error)g(is)g(detected)i(b)o(y)e(this)g -(instruction,)g(the)h(error)150 715 y(condition)e(is)g(rep)q(orted)j(in)d -(the)h(returned)i(data;)c(these)k(errors)f(do)e(not)h(cause)g(page)g(traps.)k -(\(Of)c(course,)h(a)e(page)150 765 y(trap)h(can)g(o)q(ccur)h(if)e(the)i -(address)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)f Fx(E)19 b FC(is)14 b(not)f(in)h(memory)m -(,)c(etc.\))585 892 y(Cac)o(he)k(T)m(ag)f(and)h(Data)f(T)m(riplew)o(ord)g(|)g -(DRDCSH)p 254 1297 1495 2 v 253 1297 2 374 v 254 924 1495 2 -v 1747 1297 2 374 v 377 1309 2 13 v 502 1309 V 627 1309 V 751 -1309 V 876 1309 V 1000 1317 2 21 v 1125 1309 2 13 v 1249 1309 -V 1374 1309 V 1498 1309 V 1623 1309 V 254 1173 1495 2 v 254 -1048 V 150 1247 a Fx(E)5 b FC(+2)150 1122 y Fx(E)g FC(+1)150 -999 y Fx(E)1805 971 y FC(Supplied)1776 1020 y(b)o(y)14 b(Program)1796 -1100 y(Returned)1776 1141 y(to)g(Program)1796 1224 y(Returned)1776 -1265 y(to)g(Program)266 1327 y Fn(0)p 294 1047 2 125 v -17 -w(0)p 253 1047 V 264 1001 a FC(*)308 1327 y Fn(1)p 336 1047 -V -17 w(1)p 294 1047 V 303 958 a Fx(s)302 989 y(e)307 1030 -y(l)1047 1327 y Fn(19)p 1083 1047 V -732 w(2)p 336 1047 V 700 -1001 a FC(*)1711 1327 y Fn(35)p 1747 985 2 63 v -657 w(20)p -1083 985 V 1243 964 a Fx(Cache)h(T)m(ag)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess)1586 -1327 y Fn(32)p 1623 1047 V -532 w(20)p 1083 1047 V 1235 1031 -a Fx(Line)h(Numb)n(er)1711 1327 y Fn(35)p 1747 1047 V -117 -w(33)p 1623 1047 V 1632 1031 a Fx(Wor)n(d)349 1327 y Fn(2)p -377 1172 2 125 v -100 w(0)p 253 1172 V 306 1123 a FC(0)515 -1327 y Fn(6)p 544 1172 V -141 w(3)p 377 1172 V 427 1104 a Fx(Slot)391 -1145 y(Numb)n(er)1047 1327 y Fn(19)p 1083 1172 V -524 w(7)p -544 1172 V 642 1100 a Fx(In{Mo)n(dule)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess)716 1141 -y(PMA)f(7{19)1130 1327 y Fn(21)p 1166 1172 V -76 w(20)p 1083 -1172 V 1115 1123 a FC(0)1171 1327 y Fn(22)p 1208 1172 V -34 -w(22)p 1166 1172 V 1177 1088 a Fx(t)1173 1118 y(p)1174 1157 -y(e)1213 1327 y Fn(23)p 1249 1172 V -34 w(23)p 1208 1172 V -1215 1090 a Fx(d)1215 1120 y(p)1216 1159 y(e)1586 1327 y Fn(32)p -1623 1172 V -366 w(24)p 1249 1172 V 1426 1123 a FC(0)1628 1327 -y Fn(33)p 1664 1172 V -34 w(33)p 1623 1172 V 1625 1124 a Fx(V)1669 -1327 y Fn(34)p 1706 1172 V -34 w(34)p 1664 1172 V 1676 1123 -a FC(0)1711 1327 y Fn(35)p 1747 1172 V -34 w(35)p 1706 1172 -V 1705 1124 a Fx(M)1711 1327 y Fn(35)p 1747 1297 V -1479 w(0)p -253 1297 V 957 1248 a Fx(Data)150 1465 y FC(The)f(\014elds)h(ha)o(v)o(e)e -(meanings)g(as)h(follo)o(ws:)150 1533 y(*)379 b(Fields)14 b(mark)o(ed)e(with) -i(an)f(asterisk)i(are)f(ignored)g(b)o(y)g(hardw)o(are.)150 -1618 y Fx(sel)353 b Fu(CH\045SEL==:1B1)54 b FC(The)15 b(select)i(bit:)j(a)15 -b(zero)h(selects)h(the)f(left{hand)f(line)f(of)h(a)g(pair)g(of)550 -1668 y(cac)o(he)g(lines)e(and)h(one)g(selects)i(the)e(righ)o(t{hand)f(line.) -150 1754 y Fx(Cache)i(T)m(ag)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess)53 b Fu(CH\045ADR==:177777)58 -b FC(Bits)20 b(20{32)e(select)j(the)f(line)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(\()p -Fu(CH\045LIN==:177770)p FC(\))550 1804 y(and)13 b(bits)h(33{35)f(select)i -(the)g(w)o(ord)e(within)h(the)g(line)f(\()p Fu(CH\045WRD==:7)p -FC(\).)150 1889 y Fx(Slot)i(Numb)n(er)175 b Fu(CH\045SLT==:17B6)48 -b FC(The)10 b(4{bit)f(ph)o(ysical)g(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(the)i -(memory)c(mo)q(dule)h(b)q(eing)550 1939 y(represen)o(ted)16 -b(b)o(y)e(this)g(cac)o(he)h(line.)150 2024 y Fx(In{Mo)n(dule)h(A)n(ddr)n(ess) -55 b Fu(CH\045IMA==:17777B1)o(9)d FC(This)13 b(\014eld)g(con)o(tains)g(bits)h -(7{19)e(of)h(the)h(in{mo)q(dule)d(address)550 2074 y(of)e(the)h(memory)d -(line)j(represen)o(ted)i(b)o(y)e(this)g(cac)o(he)g(line.)17 -b(\(Bits)10 b(20{32)f(of)g(the)h(in{mo)q(dule)550 2124 y(address)15 -b(of)e(the)i(memory)c(line)i(are)i(giv)o(en)e(b)o(y)h(the)g(cac)o(he)h(line)f -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.\))150 2210 y Fx(tp)n(e)348 b Fu(CH\045TPE==:1B22)54 -b FC(This)16 b(bit)f(is)g(set)i(to)e(denote)i(a)e(Cac)o(he)h(T)m(ag)f(P)o -(arit)o(y)g(Error)i(in)e(one)550 2259 y(or)f(b)q(oth)g(sets)h(for)e(the)i -(indicated)f(cac)o(he)g(line.)150 2345 y Fx(dp)n(e)341 b Fu(CH\045DPE==:1B23) -53 b FC(This)14 b(bit)g(is)g(set)i(to)e(denote)h(a)f(Cac)o(he)h(Data)f(P)o -(arit)o(y)f(Error)i(in)f(the)550 2395 y(sp)q(eci\014c)h(w)o(ord.)150 -2480 y Fx(V)369 b Fu(CH\045VLD==:1B33)54 b FC(This)15 b(is)h(the)g(V)m(alid)e -(bit.)23 b(If)15 b(set,)h(the)h(other)f(information)c(that)k(is)550 -2530 y(returned)g(in)f(this)g(instruction)g(is)f(a)h(represen)o(tation)h(of)f -(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(memory)m(.)k(If)550 2580 y Fx(V)25 -b FC(is)18 b(zero,)h(the)g(data)f(returned)h(b)o(y)f(this)g(instruction)h(is) -e(not)h(meaningful)e(\(except,)p eop -%%Page: 232 36 -232 35 bop 0 50 a FC(232)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)400 195 y FC(p)q(erhaps,)g(for)f -(diagnostic)g(purp)q(oses\).)20 b(The)14 b(select)h(bit)e(and)g(bits)h(20{32) -e(of)h(the)i Fx(Cache)400 245 y(T)m(ag)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess)j FC(\(the)e(cac)o(he) -g(line)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er\))f(uniquely)g(iden)o(tify)h(one)g(line)f(in)h(the)g -(cac)o(he.)400 295 y(Eac)o(h)e(line)f(has)h(just)g(one)h(V)m(alid)d(bit,)h -(one)h(Mo)q(di\014ed)g(bit,)g(one)g(Slot)f(Num)o(b)q(er)g(\014eld,)h(and)400 -345 y(one)f(In{Mo)q(dule)f(Address)i(\014eld;)f(these)i(bits)d(and)h -(\014elds)g(serv)o(e)h(all)d(eigh)o(t)i(p)q(erm)o(utations)400 -394 y(of)j(bits)i(33{35)e(of)h(the)h Fx(Cache)g(T)m(ag)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess)i -FC(\(the)f(w)o(ord)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(within)h(the)h(cac)o(he)400 -444 y(line\).)0 530 y Fx(M)363 b Fu(CH\045MOD==:1B35)53 b FC(This)14 -b(is)g(the)h(Mo)q(di\014ed)f(bit.)19 b(If)14 b(set,)h(some)e(w)o(ord)h(on)g -(the)h(selected)400 580 y(line)f(\(not)h(necessarily)h(the)g(w)o(ord)f -(addressed)i(b)o(y)d(bits)i(33{35)d(of)i(the)g Fx(Cache)h(T)m(ag)g(A)n(d-)400 -629 y(dr)n(ess)s FC(\))f(di\013ers)g(from)e(memory)m(.)18 b(T)m(o)c(v)n -(alidate)g(memory)m(,)d(this)k(line)g(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)j(rewritten)400 -679 y(to)d(memory)m(.)0 765 y Fx(Data)313 b FC(This)13 b(is)f(the)i(in{cac)o -(he)f(data)g(corresp)q(onding)h(to)e(the)i(memory)c(lo)q(cation)i(addressed)j -(b)o(y)400 815 y(the)d Fx(Slot)i(Numb)n(er)d FC(and)h(a)g(29{bit)f(in{mo)q -(dule)g(address)i(comp)q(osed)f(of)f(bits)i(7{19)e(of)g(the)400 -864 y Fx(In{Mo)n(dule)k(A)n(ddr)n(ess)i FC(and)c(bits)g(20{35)g(of)g(the)h -Fx(Cache)g(T)m(ag)h(A)n(ddr)n(ess)p FC(.)i(If)c(the)h(mo)q(di\014ed)400 -914 y(bit)g(is)h(set,)g(this)g(w)o(ord)g(ma)o(y)e(di\013er)i(from)e(actual)i -(memory)d(con)o(ten)o(ts;)k(if)e(the)h(mo)q(di\014ed)400 964 -y(bit)e(is)h(zero,)g(this)g(w)o(ord)g(should)g(b)q(e)g(iden)o(tical)f(to)h -(actual)g(memory)d(con)o(ten)o(ts.)p 0 1231 1495 4 v 0 1156 -V -2 1229 4 75 v 1493 1229 V 538 1229 V 579 1229 V 746 1229 -V 12 1261 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -1206 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1261 y Fl(8)p 372 1229 V 24 -w(9)436 1205 y FC(14)0 1123 y Fi(D)n(WRCSH)332 1125 y(Diagnostic)21 -b(W)n(rite)e(Cache)g(T)-5 b(ag)19 b(and)f(Data)h(\(APR1)f(14,\))156 -1205 y FC(701)0 1356 y(The)f(address)g(of)f(a)f(three-w)o(ord)j(blo)q(c)o(k)e -(of)f(memory)f(is)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f Fx(E)5 b FC(.)25 -b(The)17 b(cac)o(he)g(address)h(in)o(to)d(whic)o(h)h(to)0 1406 -y(write)d(is)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(in)d(the)i(w)o(ord)e(addressed)j(b)o(y)e -Fx(E)5 b FC(.)18 b(The)13 b(data)g(to)f(write)i(in)o(to)e(the)h(cac)o(he)h -(is)f(giv)o(en)g(in)f Fx(E)5 b FC(+1)13 b(and)0 1456 y Fx(E)5 -b FC(+2,)14 b(as)g(sho)o(wn)f(b)q(elo)o(w.)0 1541 y(This)h(instruction)g(can) -g(b)q(e)h(used)f(to)g(correct)i(cac)o(he)f(tag)e(parit)o(y)g(and/or)h(cac)o -(he)h(data)e(parit)o(y)m(.)430 1668 y(Cac)o(he)i(T)m(ag)e(and)g(Data)g(T)m -(riplew)o(ord)h(|)f(D)o(WR)o(CSH)p 104 2074 1495 2 v 103 2073 -2 374 v 104 1700 1495 2 v 1597 2073 2 374 v 227 2086 2 13 v -352 2086 V 477 2086 V 601 2086 V 726 2086 V 850 2094 2 21 v -975 2086 2 13 v 1099 2086 V 1224 2086 V 1348 2086 V 1473 2086 -V 104 1949 1495 2 v 104 1825 V 0 2023 a Fx(E)5 b FC(+2)0 1899 -y Fx(E)g FC(+1)0 1776 y Fx(E)1655 1747 y FC(Supplied)1626 1797 -y(b)o(y)14 b(Program)1655 1872 y(Supplied)1626 1921 y(b)o(y)g(Program)1655 -1997 y(Supplied)1626 2046 y(b)o(y)g(Program)116 2103 y Fn(0)p -144 1824 2 125 v -17 w(0)p 103 1824 V 114 1777 a FC(*)158 2103 -y Fn(1)p 186 1824 V -17 w(1)p 144 1824 V 153 1735 a Fx(s)152 -1765 y(e)157 1807 y(l)897 2103 y Fn(19)p 933 1824 V -732 w(2)p -186 1824 V 550 1777 a FC(*)1436 2103 y Fn(32)p 1473 1824 V --532 w(20)p 933 1824 V 1101 1776 a Fx(Cache)h(Line)1561 2103 -y Fn(35)p 1597 1824 V -117 w(33)p 1473 1824 V 1482 1756 a Fx(Wor)n(d)1488 -1797 y(Num)116 2103 y Fn(0)p 144 1949 V -17 w(0)p 103 1949 -V 114 1902 a FC(*)199 2103 y Fn(2)p 227 1949 V -58 w(1)p 144 -1949 V 176 1900 a FC(0)365 2103 y Fn(6)p 394 1949 V -141 w(3)p -227 1949 V 277 1880 a Fx(Slot)241 1921 y(Numb)n(er)897 2103 -y Fn(19)p 933 1949 V -524 w(7)p 394 1949 V 492 1876 a Fx(In{Mo)n(dule)h(A)n -(ddr)n(ess)566 1917 y(PMA)f(7{19)980 2103 y Fn(21)p 1016 1949 -V -76 w(20)p 933 1949 V 965 1902 a FC(*)1021 2103 y Fn(22)p -1058 1949 V -34 w(22)p 1016 1949 V 1020 1856 a Fx(w)1024 1897 -y(b)1027 1935 y(t)1063 2103 y Fn(23)p 1099 1949 V -34 w(23)p -1058 1949 V 1061 1854 a Fx(w)1066 1895 y(b)1065 1937 y(d)1436 -2103 y Fn(32)p 1473 1949 V -366 w(24)p 1099 1949 V 1276 1902 -a FC(*)1478 2103 y Fn(33)p 1514 1949 V -34 w(33)p 1473 1949 -V 1475 1901 a Fx(V)1519 2103 y Fn(34)p 1556 1949 V -34 w(34)p -1514 1949 V 1526 1902 a FC(*)1561 2103 y Fn(35)p 1597 1949 -V -34 w(35)p 1556 1949 V 1555 1901 a Fx(M)1561 2103 y Fn(35)p -1597 2073 V -1479 w(0)p 103 2073 V 807 2025 a Fx(Data)0 2242 -y FC(The)f(\014elds)h(are)f(as)g(describ)q(ed)i(in)d Fv(DRDCSH)p -FC(,)g(with)h(the)g(follo)o(wing)d(additional)h(notes:)0 2309 -y Fx(wbt)339 b Fu(CH\045WBT==:1B22)p FC(\))52 b(W)m(rite)13 -b(Bad)h(P)o(arit)o(y)f(T)m(ag:)k(set)d(this)g(bit)f(to)g(mak)o(e)f(this)i(op) -q(eration)400 2359 y(write)e(bad)g(parit)o(y)f(with)h(the)h(cac)o(he)g(tag.)k -(A)12 b(subsequen)o(t)h(read)g(of)e(this)h(tag)g(is)g(exp)q(ected)400 -2409 y(to)e(rep)q(ort)h(the)g(bad)f(parit)o(y)m(,)f(whic)o(h)h(normally)e(w)o -(ould)h(cause)j(a)e(page)g(failure.)16 b(\(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)400 -2459 y Fv(DRDCSH)d FC(w)o(ould)g(rep)q(ort)i(the)g(parit)o(y)e(error)i -(without)e(causing)h(a)g(page)g(failure.\))0 2544 y Fx(wb)n(d)334 -b FC(\()p Fu(CH\045WBD==:1B23)p FC(\))49 b(W)m(rite)9 b(Bad)h(P)o(arit)o(y)g -(Data:)15 b(set)c(this)f(bit)g(to)g(mak)o(e)e(this)i(op)q(eration)400 -2594 y(write)k(bad)g(parit)o(y)f(with)g(the)i(data.)p eop -%%Page: 233 37 -233 36 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.6.)31 b(XKL)338 46 y(-)350 50 y(1)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(INTERNAL)g(MEMOR)m(Y)800 b FC(233)150 195 -y Fx(V)369 b Fu(CH\045VLD)56 b FC(The)17 b(v)n(alue)e(supplied)i(b)o(y)f(the) -h(program)d(will)h(b)q(e)i(written)g(in)o(to)e(the)i(cac)o(he)550 -245 y(tag)c(selected)j(b)o(y)e(the)g Fx(sel)k FC(bit)13 b(and)h(the)h(cac)o -(he)f(line)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)150 348 y(If)j(the)h(cac)o(he)g(is)f(to)g(b)q -(e)h(k)o(ept)g(consisten)o(t)g(with)f(memory)e(\(a)i(requiremen)o(t)g(of)g -(op)q(erating)g(systems)h(program-)150 398 y(ming,)11 b(but)i(not)g -(necessarily)h(a)f(requiremen)o(t)g(of)f(a)h(diagnostic)f(routine\),)h(this)g -(instruction)h(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)h(used)h(with)150 448 y(particular)g(care.)150 -600 y Fy(3.5.4)55 b(Cac)n(he)20 b(Managemen)n(t)150 712 y FC(Managemen)o(t)12 -b(of)h(the)i(cac)o(he)f(is)f(relativ)o(ely)g(straigh)o(tforw)o(ard.)18 -b(The)c(Monitor)f(m)o(ust)f(simply)g(b)q(e)i(sure)h(alw)o(a)o(ys)d(to)150 -762 y(up)q(date)h(storage)g(pages)f(b)q(efore)h(an)f(output)h(op)q(eration)f -(and)g(to)g(in)o(v)n(alidate)f(the)i(cac)o(he)g(represen)o(tation)h(of)e -(pages)150 812 y(after)i(an)g(input)f(op)q(eration)h(so)g(that)g(pro)q -(cessor)i(references)h(to)c(the)i(new)f(data)g(will)e(go)h(to)h(storage.)150 -897 y(The)f(same)e(pro)q(cedures)k(are)e(used)g(for)f(a)g(m)o(ultipro)q -(cessor)g(system,)g(but)h(here)h(a)e(problem)f(arises)i(when)g(di\013eren)o -(t)150 947 y(pro)q(cessors)j(are)d(allo)o(w)o(ed)f(to)i(reference)i(the)e -(same)e(page)h(at)h(the)g(same)e(time,)g(if)g(either)j(pro)q(cessor)g(is)e -(allo)o(w)o(ed)f(to)150 997 y(mo)q(dify)h(the)k(page.)23 b(With)15 -b(read{only)h(pages,)g(the)g(cac)o(he)h(copies)f(in)f(b)q(oth)h(pro)q -(cessors)i(will)c(b)q(e)j(remain)d(v)n(alid.)150 1047 y(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)f -(if)e(a)h(pro)q(cessor)i(mo)q(di\014es)d(a)i(shared)g(page,)f(the)h(other)g -(pro)q(cessor)h(cannot)e(exp)q(ect)i(to)e(get)h(up{to{date)150 -1097 y(data)18 b(from)f(its)i(cac)o(he.)33 b(T)m(o)18 b(handle)g(this)h -(situation,)f(the)h(pager)g(includes)g(mec)o(hanisms)e(for)h(b)o(ypassing)g -(the)150 1147 y(cac)o(he.)k(A)15 b(cac)o(he)h(bit,)f(asso)q(ciated)g(with)g -(eac)o(h)g(individual)e(memory)g(page)i(\(see)h FA(x)p FC(3.7\),)e(is)h(used) -h(b)o(y)f(the)g(paging)150 1196 y(hardw)o(are)f(to)g(determine)g(whether)h -(or)f(not)g(cac)o(he)h(use)f(is)g(allo)o(w)o(ed)f(for)g(a)h(page.)150 -1282 y(T)m(o)9 b(the)i(exten)o(t)g(that)f(input{output)g(op)q(erations)h(are) -f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(via)d(in{storage)h(command)d(lists)k(and)f(completed)150 -1332 y(lists,)j(these)j(lists)d(appropriately)h(b)q(elong)f(in)h(pages)g -(that)g(are)g(uncac)o(hed.)150 1417 y(T)m(o)c(cause)j(a)d(page)i(to)e(b)q(e)i -(cac)o(heable,)g(the)g(Monitor)f(m)o(ust)f(set)i(the)g(CST)f(cac)o(heable)h -(bit)e(for)h(the)h(page)f(to)g(indicate)150 1467 y(that)k(it)h(is)f(cac)o -(heable,)h(and)f(the)h(Monitor)f(should)g(issue)i(a)e Fv(CLRPT)g -FC(to)g(cause)h(a)g(pager)f(re\014ll)g(for)g(the)h(a\013ected)150 -1517 y(page,)d(so)h(the)h(pager)f(can)g(\\see")h(the)f(new)h(status)f(of)f -(the)i(page.)150 1602 y(T)m(o)d(cause)i(a)e(page)h(to)g(b)q(e)g(uncac)o(hed,) -h(the)g(Monitor)e(m)o(ust)g(clear)h(the)g(CST)g(cac)o(heable)h(bit)e(for)h -(the)g(page,)g(issue)g(a)150 1652 y Fv(CLRPT)h FC(to)h(prev)o(en)o(t)g(an)o -(y)f(new)h(en)o(tries)h(from)d(coming)f(in)o(to)i(the)h(cac)o(he,)g(and)g(sw) -o(eep)h(the)f(cac)o(he)g(to)g(unload)e(the)150 1702 y(a\013ected)k(page.)23 -b(T)m(o)15 b(cause)h(all)e(pages)i(to)g(b)q(e)g(uncac)o(hed,)g(the)g(Monitor) -f(m)o(ust)g(v)n(alidate)f(the)i(pages)g(con)o(taining)150 1752 -y(the)i(EPT)g(and)f(UPT;)g(disable)g(cac)o(hing)g(of)g(the)g(EPT,)h(UPT,)f -(and)g(SPT;)g(disable)g(cac)o(hing)g(throughout)g(the)150 1802 -y(system)d(\(p)q(erhaps)h(b)o(y)e(setting)i(the)f(CST)g(to)g(zero\);)g(and)g -(unload)f(the)i(en)o(tire)f(cac)o(he.)150 1975 y Ft(3.6)70 -b(XKL)457 1970 y(-)477 1975 y(1)23 b(Pro)r(cessor)g(In)n(ternal)g(Memory)150 -2101 y FC(The)14 b(XKL)326 2097 y(-)339 2101 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)j(b)q(oard)e -(includes)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(kinds)h(of)g(in)o(ternal)f(memory)m(,)d(called)k -(MemA)f(and)h(NVRAM.)150 2253 y Fy(3.6.1)55 b(MemA)150 2366 -y FC(The)13 b(XKL)325 2362 y(-)337 2366 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)i(includes)f(an)f -(on{b)q(oard)g(in)o(ternal)g(memory)e(called)i(MemA.)f(This)h(memory)e -(stores)k(36{)150 2416 y(bit)h(data)g(w)o(ords)g(and)g(has)g(8,192)f(lo)q -(cations)h(\()p Fu(AM.CAP==:20000)p FC(\).)k(MemA)14 b(is)h(used)h(for)f(a)g -(v)n(ariet)o(y)g(of)f(in)o(ternal)150 2465 y(purp)q(oses.)20 -b(The)14 b(\014rst)h(128)e(lo)q(cations)g(are)h(the)h(eigh)o(t)e(A)o(C)h(blo) -q(c)o(ks.)p eop -%%Page: 234 38 -234 37 bop 0 50 a FC(234)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y Fz(3.6.1.1)48 -b(Op)q(erations)13 b(on)j(MemA)0 307 y FC(The)e(follo)o(wing)e(op)q(erations) -i(are)g(supp)q(orted.)p 0 556 1495 4 v 0 482 V -2 555 4 75 -v 1493 555 V 538 555 V 579 555 V 746 555 V 12 586 a Fl(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 532 y Fx(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)344 586 y Fl(8)p 372 555 V 24 w(9)441 532 y Fx(A)0 -448 y Fi(AMO)n(VE)139 b(Move)19 b(from)e(MemA)156 531 y FC(714)0 -682 y(Read)c(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(MemA)f(lo)q(cation)h(sp)q(eci\014ed) -i(b)o(y)e Fx(E)18 b FC(and)13 b(store)h(the)g(data)f(in)g(A)o(C.)g(The)g -(in{section)h(v)n(alue)0 732 y(of)f Fx(E)19 b FC(m)o(ust)13 -b(b)q(e)i(in)e(the)i(range)f(0{17777)e(\(o)q(ctal\).)p 0 983 -1495 4 v 0 908 V -2 981 4 75 v 1493 981 V 538 981 V 579 981 -V 746 981 V 12 1013 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)548 958 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1013 y Fl(8)p 372 981 -V 24 w(9)441 958 y Fx(A)0 875 y Fi(AMO)n(VEM)90 b(Move)19 b(to)g(MemA)156 -957 y FC(715)0 1108 y(Store)c(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(A)o(C)g(in)f(the)i -(MemA)f(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)e Fx(E)5 b FC(.)19 -b(The)14 b(in{section)h(v)n(alue)e(of)h Fx(E)19 b FC(m)o(ust)13 -b(b)q(e)0 1158 y(in)g(the)i(range)f(0{17777)e(\(o)q(ctal\).)0 -1302 y Fz(3.6.1.2)48 b(MemA)16 b(Sp)q(eci\014c)e(Lo)q(cations)p -104 1378 1588 2 v 104 1766 2 389 v 818 1461 a Fy(Notice)209 -1536 y FC(Sp)q(eci\014c)21 b(lo)q(cations)d(in)h(MemA)f(iden)o(ti\014ed)h(in) -g(this)g(man)o(ual)e(are)i Fz(not)f FC(part)i(of)e(the)209 -1585 y(arc)o(hitectural)c(sp)q(eci\014cation)f(of)f(the)h(TO)o(AD)929 -1581 y(-)941 1585 y(1)g(System.)k(They)c(are)g(men)o(tioned)f(here)209 -1635 y(for)18 b(the)h(con)o(v)o(enience)h(of)e(the)h(authors)g(of)f(the)h -(pro)q(cessor)h(micro)q(co)q(de,)f Fw(TDBoot)p FC(,)209 1685 -y(and)14 b(diagnostics.)k(They)c(are)g(sub)r(ject)i(to)d(c)o(hange.)p -1690 1766 V 104 1768 1588 2 v 0 1878 a(The)h(presen)o(t)i(allo)q(cation)c(of) -h(MemA)g(lo)q(cations)h(is)f(describ)q(ed)j(in)e(App)q(endix)g(F.1.)0 -2030 y Fy(3.6.2)55 b(Non{V)-5 b(olatile)18 b(RAM)0 2142 y FC(The)j(XKL)183 -2138 y(-)195 2142 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)i(includes)e(an)g(in)o(ternal)g(non{v)o -(olatile)e(memory)m(,)h(called)h(NVRAM.)f(The)i(NVRAM)0 2192 -y(is)c(organized)g(as)h(an)f(8K)p FA(\002)p FC(8{bit)f(memory)f(\()p -Fu(NV\045SIZ==:20000)p FC(\).)25 b(NVRAM)17 b(holds)g(pro)q(cessor)i -(con\014guration)0 2242 y(parameters)14 b(that)g(are)g(needed)i(b)o(y)d(the)i -(system)e(b)q(efore)i(it)f(accesses)i(the)f(disks.)0 2386 y -Fz(3.6.2.1)48 b(Op)q(erations)13 b(on)j(NVRAM)0 2498 y FC(The)e(NVRAM)g(is)g -(accessed)i(b)o(y)e(the)g(follo)o(wing)e(instructions:)p eop -%%Page: 235 39 -235 38 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(235)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 -75 v 1643 353 V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fl(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y Fx(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)494 384 y Fl(8)p 522 353 V 24 w(9)591 330 y Fx(A)150 -246 y Fi(NMO)n(VE)136 b(Move)19 b(from)e(NVRAM)306 329 y FC(706)150 -480 y(Read)f(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(NVRAM)h(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)e Fx(E)21 b FC(and)16 b(store)h(the)g(data)e(in)h(A)o(C)g -(bits)g(28{35;)g(clear)150 530 y(A)o(C)e(bits)g(0{27.)j(The)d(in{section)g(v) -n(alue)f(of)h Fx(E)19 b FC(m)o(ust)12 b(b)q(e)j(in)e(the)i(range)f(0{17777)e -(\(o)q(ctal\))p 150 781 1495 4 v 150 706 V 148 779 4 75 v 1643 -779 V 688 779 V 729 779 V 896 779 V 162 811 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 756 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)494 811 y Fl(8)p 522 779 V 24 w(9)591 756 y Fx(A)150 673 -y Fi(NMO)n(VEM)87 b(Move)19 b(to)g(NVRAM)306 755 y FC(707)150 -906 y(Store)d(the)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(of)d(A)o(C)h(bits)g(28{35)f(in)h(the)g -(NVRAM)g(lo)q(cation)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f Fx(E)5 b FC(.)22 -b(The)15 b(in{section)h(v)n(alue)150 956 y(of)d Fx(E)19 b FC(m)o(ust)13 -b(b)q(e)i(in)e(the)i(range)f(0{17777)e(\(o)q(ctal\).)18 b(The)c(con)o(ten)o -(ts)h(of)e(A)o(C)h(are)h(not)e(a\013ected.)150 1042 y(The)f(NVRAM)f(is)g(a)g -(lo)o(w{p)q(o)o(w)o(er)f(RAM)h(that)g(con)o(tains)g(a)g(lithium)e(battery)j -(to)f(main)o(tain)d(the)k(memory)d(con)o(ten)o(ts)150 1092 -y(while)i(external)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)h(is)f(o\013.)17 b(When)11 -b(the)h(battery)g(disc)o(harges)g(\(the)g(estimated)e(life)h(is)g(10)f(y)o -(ears\))i(the)g(NVRAM)150 1141 y(m)o(ust)17 b(b)q(e)i(replaced.)32 -b(Eac)o(h)19 b(time)e(that)h(external)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)f(is)g(applied)g(to)g -(the)h(NVRAM)f(\(after)h(ha)o(ving)e(b)q(een)150 1191 y(absen)o(t\),)c(if)f -(the)i(battery)f(is)g(lo)o(w,)e(the)j(second)f(access)i(to)e(the)g(device)g -(will)f(fail.)k(Therefore,)e(in)e(its)h(initialization)150 -1241 y(sequence,)h(the)e(pro)q(cessor)i(micro)q(co)q(de)d(reads)i(NVRAM)e(lo) -q(cation)g(17777)f(\(the)j(\014rst)f(access\);)i(complemen)o(ts)c(the)150 -1291 y(data;)18 b(writes)h(it)e(bac)o(k)g(\(the)h(second)h(access\);)h(and)e -(then)g(reads)g(the)g(data)f(again.)28 b(If)17 b(the)h(second)g(read)g(\(the) -150 1341 y(third)13 b(access\))j(pro)q(duces)e(the)g(same)f(v)n(alue)f(as)i -(the)g(\014rst,)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(kno)o(ws)f(that)f(the)h(NVRAM)f -(battery)h(is)150 1390 y(lo)o(w:)k(it)d(signals)e(that)i(fact)g(via)e(the)i -Fu(AP\045NVB)f FC(\015ag)g(in)g Fv(RD)o(APR)p FC(.)f(If)h(the)h(data)f(c)o -(hanges,)h(the)g(battery)g(is)g(w)o(orking)150 1440 y(prop)q(erly)f(and)f -(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(restores)g(the)f(original)d(data)i(to)g(lo)q(cation)g -(17777.)j(When)e(the)f(battery)h(c)o(harge)g(is)150 1490 y(lo)o(w,)e(the)j -(NVRAM)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)i(unreliable.)150 -1634 y Fz(3.6.2.2)48 b(NVRAM)17 b(Sp)q(eci\014c)d(Lo)q(cations)p -254 1710 1588 2 v 254 2098 2 389 v 968 1793 a Fy(Notice)359 -1868 y FC(Sp)q(eci\014c)j(lo)q(cations)e(in)h(NVRAM)g(iden)o(ti\014ed)g(in)f -(this)h(man)o(ual)d(are)j Fz(not)f FC(part)h(of)f(the)359 1917 -y(arc)o(hitectural)f(sp)q(eci\014cation)f(of)f(the)h(TO)o(AD)1079 -1913 y(-)1091 1917 y(1)g(System.)k(They)c(are)g(men)o(tioned)f(here)359 -1967 y(for)18 b(the)h(con)o(v)o(enience)h(of)e(the)h(authors)g(of)f(the)h -(pro)q(cessor)h(micro)q(co)q(de,)f Fw(TDBoot)p FC(,)359 2017 -y(and)14 b(diagnostics.)k(They)c(are)g(sub)r(ject)i(to)d(c)o(hange.)p -1840 2098 V 254 2100 1588 2 v 150 2210 a(The)h(allo)q(cation)f(of)g(NVRAM)h -(lo)q(cations)f(is)h(describ)q(ed)h(in)f(App)q(endix)g(F.2.)150 -2383 y Ft(3.7)70 b(P)n(aging)23 b(and)h(Memory)d(Managemen)n(t)150 -2510 y FC(General)d(information)e(ab)q(out)i(mac)o(hine)f(mo)q(des)h(and)g -(paging)f(pro)q(cedures)k(is)d(giv)o(en)g(in)g FA(x)p FC(1.4.)31 -b(This)18 b(section)150 2560 y(treats)e(in)f(detail)g(the)h(structure)i(of)c -(the)i(pro)q(cess)h(tables)f(and)f(certain)h(hardw)o(are)g(pro)q -(cedures|paging,)g(page)150 2609 y(re\014lls,)11 b(and)f(page)g(failures|a)f -(kno)o(wledge)h(of)g(whic)o(h)g(is)g(necessary)i(for)e(an)g(understanding)h -(of)f(op)q(erating)g(system)p eop -%%Page: 236 40 -236 39 bop 0 50 a FC(236)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FC(programming)o(.)0 -281 y(The)19 b(mapping)e(describ)q(ed)k(here)e(is)g(the)h(XKL)764 -277 y(-)776 281 y(1's)e(extension)i(of)e(what)h(w)o(as)f(informally)e(called) -i(\\TOPS{20)0 330 y(paging")13 b(on)i(the)h(KL10)e(pro)q(cessor.)23 -b(\\TOPS{20)14 b(paging",)f(whic)o(h)i(is)g(no)o(w,)f(formally)m(,)d(called)k -(\\Extended)h(KL)0 380 y(P)o(aging",)f(w)o(as)i(originally)d(dev)o(elop)q(ed) -j(to)f(supp)q(ort)i(the)f(TOPS{20)f(op)q(erating)g(system.)26 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)17 b(with)f(the)0 430 y(adv)o(en)o(t)i(of)e(extended)j -(addressing,)g(DEC's)e(other)h(monitor,)e(TOPS{10,)i(w)o(as)g(con)o(v)o -(erted)g(to)g(use)g(the)g(newly)0 480 y(renamed)13 b(\\Extended)i(KL)g(P)o -(aging".)0 565 y(Although)e(the)i(remainder)f(of)f(this)h(section)h(describ)q -(es)h(the)f(hardw)o(are)f(supp)q(ort)h(for)f(the)g(TOPS{20)g(op)q(erating)0 -615 y(system,)g(the)g(reader)i(should)e(k)o(eep)h(in)e(mind)g(that)h(the)h -(TOPS{10)f(op)q(erating)g(system)g(mak)o(es)f(use)i(of)f(a)g(subset)0 -665 y(of)f(the)i(same)e(facilities.)385 650 y Fn(13)0 751 y -FC(A)o(t)18 b(the)g(ph)o(ysical)f(lev)o(el,)g(the)h(TO)o(AD)613 -747 y(-)625 751 y(1)f(System)g(deals)h(in)f(bus)h(addresses.)31 -b(As)18 b(describ)q(ed)i(in)d FA(x)p FC(3.1.4,)f(a)i(bus)0 -800 y(address)e(has)f(three)h(comp)q(onen)o(ts:)k(a)14 b(4{bit)g(ph)o(ysical) -g(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(whic)o(h)g(selects)j(a)d(particular)h(memory)d -(or)0 850 y(p)q(eripheral)k(subsystem;)g(a)e(29{bit)h(in{mo)q(dule)e -(address,)j(whic)o(h)f(sp)q(eci\014es)j(a)c(particular)h(lo)q(cation)g -(within)f(the)0 900 y(selected)19 b(mo)q(dule;)f(and)f(one)h(bit,)f(called)h -Fx(D)t FC(,)f(that)g(sp)q(eci\014es)j(the)e(bus)g(cycle)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g -(\(either)g(memory)d(or)j(con-)0 950 y(trol/status\))13 b(to)f(b)q(e)g(used)i -(in)d(dealing)h(with)f(the)i(device)g(addressed)h(b)o(y)e(the)h(slot)f(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er.)17 b(Because)d Fx(D)t FC(,)e(the)h(bus)0 1000 -y(address,)h(and)g(the)g(in{mo)q(dule)d(address,)j(together,)g(are)g(wider)g -(than)f(the)h(30{bit)f(addresses)i(pro)q(duced)g(b)o(y)e(the)0 -1050 y(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)k(calculation,)c(all)g(program)g(references)k -(to)e(memory)d(are)i(regarded)i(as)e(b)q(eing)h(references)i(to)0 -1099 y(virtual)d(addresses;)j(i.e.,)c(all)h(addresses)j(are)e(translated)g(b) -o(y)g(the)g(pager.)1163 1084 y Fn(14)1219 1099 y FC(Sp)q(ecial)g -(instructions)g(\()p FA(x)q FC(3.1.4\),)e(in-)0 1149 y(tended)g(for)e -(input{output)g(op)q(erations)h(and)f(for)g(diagnostics,)h(b)o(ypass)g(the)g -(pager)f(b)o(y)h(pro)o(viding)e(bus)i(addresses)0 1199 y(directly)m(.)0 -1285 y(In)20 b(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de,)e(the)i(program)d(considers)j(all)d -(of)h(its)h(dealings)f(with)h(memory)d(to)j(b)q(e)g(in)f(its)h(virtual{)0 -1334 y(address)15 b(space;)f(instructions)h(reference)h(executiv)o(e)f -(virtual)e(space)i(except)g(for)e(the)h(sp)q(ecial)g(instructions)h(that)0 -1384 y(sp)q(eci\014cally)j(call)f(for)h(bus{space)h(references.)33 -b(A)18 b(virtual)f(address)i(is)f(an)o(y)f(address)i(giv)o(en)e(in)h(virtual) -f(space)0 1434 y(except)d(those)f(for)f(fast)g(memory)m(,)d(whic)o(h)j(are)h -(treated)h(as)e(ph)o(ysical.)17 b(The)c(pager)f(maps)f(only)h(virtual)f -(addresses,)0 1484 y(but)19 b(it)f(is)g(in)o(v)o(olv)o(ed)f(in)i(all)e -(references)k(to)e(the)g(exten)o(t)g(that)g(it)f(resp)q(onds)i(to)e(error)i -(situations.)31 b(Bus{space)0 1534 y(references)19 b(are)d(made)f(b)o(y)h -(the)g(pager)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(to)g(carry)g(out)g(the)h(mapping)d(pro)q -(cedure;)k(also,)d(micro)q(co)q(de)0 1583 y(references)i(to)c(p)q(eripheral)i -(subsystems)f(are)h(p)q(erformed)e(in)h(bus{space.)840 1701 -y Fy(Note)104 1793 y FC(P)o(aging)e(op)q(erations)h(are)h(inextricably)e(in)o -(tert)o(wined)i(with)e(the)i(activities)f(of)f(the)i(TOPS{20)f(op)q(er-)104 -1842 y(ating)f(system.)18 b(The)c(reader)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(ecome)g(familia)o(r) -e(with)i(b)q(oth)g(in)g(order)h(to)g(understand)g(either)104 -1892 y(fully)m(.)0 2110 y Fy(3.7.1)55 b(P)n(aging)0 2223 y -FC(All)13 b(of)h(memory)e(is)i(divided)g(in)o(to)f(pages)i(of)e(512)h(w)o -(ords)g(eac)o(h.)20 b(Arc)o(hitecturally)m(,)14 b(the)h(TO)o(AD)1512 -2219 y(-)1523 2223 y(1)f(System)g(bac)o(k-)0 2272 y(plane)j(bus)g(sp)q -(eci\014es)h(addresses)h(b)o(y)e(a)f(four{bit)g(ph)o(ysical)g(slot)h(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)f(and)g(a)h(29{bit)e(in{mo)q(dule)g(address;)0 2322 -y(slot)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(1{15)g(are)h(legal,)f(slot)h(0)g(do)q(es)g(not)g -(exist.)18 b(The)12 b(pager)g(translates)h(virtual)e(addresses)j(\(either)f -(user)0 2372 y(or)h(executiv)o(e\))h(to)f(bus)g(addresses.)p -0 2409 720 2 v 31 2436 a Fm(13)64 2447 y Fl(XKL)e Fn(LLC)f -Fl(has)g(no)g(plans)f(to)h(supp)q(ort)f(TOPS{10)h(on)g(the)g(XKL)954 -2444 y(-)964 2447 y(1.)31 2475 y Fm(14)64 2487 y Fl(When)16 -b Fc(TDBoot)g Fl(is)g(started,)g(paging)f(is)i(turned)e(o\013:)25 -b(virtual)15 b(addresses)f(are)i(passed)g(unc)o(hanged)d(through)i(the)h -(pager.)0 2527 y(These)10 b(addresses)f(in)o(v)n(ariably)f(select)i(slot)g -(0,)g(a)h(non{existen)n(t)d(slot,)i(but)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor's)e(on{b)q(oard) -h(R)o(OM)i(will)g(resp)q(ond)e(to)h(these)0 2566 y(addresses.)p -eop -%%Page: 237 41 -237 40 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(237)150 195 y(The)16 b(virtual{memo)o(ry)d(space)k(of)e(a)g -(program)f(is)h(2,097,152)e(pages,)j(expressed)i(in)d(30{bit)g(addresses.)25 -b(Of)15 b(the)150 245 y(address)j(bits,)f(the)h(left)e(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o -(y{one)h(bits)g(\(6{26\))f(are)h(the)g(extended)i(page)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)26 -b(The)18 b(virtual{address)150 295 y(space)f(is)f(usually)f(regarded)h(as)g -(4,096)f(sections,)i(eac)o(h)f(of)f(512)g(pages.)24 b(With)16 -b(this)g(view,)f(the)i(extended)g(page)150 345 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)c(has)h(t)o -(w)o(o)f(parts:)19 b(the)14 b(left{most)f(t)o(w)o(elv)o(e)g(bits)h(\(6{17\))f -(sp)q(ecify)i(the)f(section)h(and)e(the)i(righ)o(t{most)d(nine)150 -394 y(\(18{26\))h(sp)q(ecify)h(the)h(page.)604 379 y Fn(15)150 -480 y FC(By)g(paging,)e(the)i(hardw)o(are)g(maps)e(eac)o(h)i(page)g(of)f(the) -h(virtual{address)g(space)g(in)o(to)f(a)g(part)h(of)f(the)h(bac)o(kplane)150 -530 y(bus{address)g(space.)489 515 y Fn(16)543 530 y FC(In)e(this)g -(transformation,)d(the)k(righ)o(t{most)d(nine)i(bits)g(\(27{35\))f(of)h(the)h -(virtual)e(address)150 580 y(are)k(not)f(altered;)h(in)f(other)h(w)o(ords,)g -(a)f(giv)o(en)g(o\013set)h(in)o(to)f(a)g(virtual)f(page)h(is)h(the)g(same)e -(o\013set)i(in)o(to)f(the)h(corre-)150 629 y(sp)q(onding)10 -b(bus{address)i(page.)17 b(The)11 b(paging)e(translation)h(maps)f(a)h(30{bit) -f(virtual)h(address)h(to)f(the)h(bus{address)150 679 y(space)j(b)o(y)f -(transforming)e(the)i(21{bit)f(extended)i(page)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(to)h(a)g -(four-bit)f(bus{slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(and)g(a)h(20{bit)150 -729 y(in{mo)q(dule)d(page)j(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)j(These,)e(together)f(with)f -(the)h(nine)f(unc)o(hanged)h(in{page)f(address)i(bits,)e(are)h(the)g(bus)150 -779 y(address.)28 b(The)18 b(pro)q(cedure)g(is)f(carried)h(out)e -(automatically)e(b)o(y)j(the)g(pager,)h(but)f(the)g(maps)f(that)h(supply)f -(the)150 829 y(necessary)g(substitutions)e(are)h(constructed)h(b)o(y)d(the)i -(executiv)o(e)g(program.)150 914 y(The)h(pager)g(mak)o(es)f(use)h(of)f(the)i -(Executiv)o(e)f(Base)h(Register)f(\(EBR\),)g(b)o(y)f(whic)o(h)h(the)g -(executiv)o(e)h(iden)o(ti\014es)f(the)150 964 y(bus{page)h(address)g(of)f -(the)h(Executiv)o(e)g(Pro)q(cess)i(T)m(able)c(\(EPT\).)i(Among)d(other)j -(things,)g(the)g(EPT)f(con)o(tains,)150 1014 y(at)f(lo)q(cations)f(540{547)f -(\()p Fu(EP.SS0==:540)p FC(\),)g(the)i(eigh)o(t{en)o(try)h(executiv)o(e)g -(sup)q(ersection)h(table.)k(The)15 b(EPT)h(also)150 1064 y(con)o(tains)e -(information)d(b)o(y)i(whic)o(h)h(the)h(Monitor)e(handles)h(\\hard")g(page)g -(traps)g(\()p FA(x)q FC(3.7.1.8\).)150 1149 y(The)i(pager)f(also)g(con)o -(tains)g(the)h(User)g(Base)g(Register)g(\(UBR\),)f(b)o(y)g(whic)o(h)g(the)h -(executiv)o(e)g(iden)o(ti\014es)g(the)g(bus{)150 1199 y(page)g(address)h(of)e -(the)h(User)h(Pro)q(cess)h(T)m(able)d(\(UPT\).)h(The)g(UPT)g(is)g(the)g -(user{space)i(analog)c(of)h(the)i(EPT;)e(it)150 1249 y(con)o(tains)h(the)h -(eigh)o(t{en)o(try)f(user)h(sup)q(ersection)h(table)e(\(at)g -Fu(UP.SS0==:540)p FC(\).)22 b(The)16 b(User)h(Pro)q(cess)h(T)m(able)e(also) -150 1299 y(con)o(tains)11 b(information)e(b)o(y)i(whic)o(h)g(the)h(Monitor)f -(handles)h(\\soft")e(page)i(traps)g(\()p FA(x)p FC(3.7.1.8\))d(and)j(MUUOs)g -(\()p FA(x)q FC(2.16\).)150 1384 y(The)i(translation)e(of)g(a)h(30{bit)f -(virtual)h(address)h(is)f(p)q(erformed)g(in)f(the)i(follo)o(wing)c -(conceptual)k(steps.)19 b(T)m(o)13 b(select)150 1434 y(one)h(sup)q -(ersection,)h(the)f(sup)q(ersection)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)d(bits)i(6{8)e(of)h -(the)h(virtual)e(address,)j(is)e(added)g(\(righ)o(t)g(justi\014ed\))150 -1484 y(to)k(540)g(plus)g(the)h(v)n(alue)f(found)g(in)g(the)g(EBR)h(\(or)f -(UBR,)g(if)g(mapping)e(a)i(user)h(address\).)30 b(The)18 b(result)g(is)f(the) -150 1534 y(bus)e(address)h(of)e(the)h(needed)h(sup)q(ersection)h(p)q(oin)o -(ter.)j(The)15 b(sup)q(ersection)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)e(pro)o(vides)f(the)i(bus)f -(address)150 1583 y(of)i(a)h(section)g(table;)h(the)f(section)h(table)f(con)o -(tains)f(512)g(section)i(p)q(oin)o(ters.)30 b(T)m(o)17 b(select)i(one)f -(section)g(p)q(oin)o(ter,)150 1633 y(the)f(section)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)e(bits) -h(9{17)f(of)g(the)i(virtual)d(address,)k(is)d(added)i(\(righ)o(t)e -(justi\014ed\))h(to)g(the)g(bus)h(address)150 1683 y(found)c(in)f(the)i(sup)q -(ersection)h(p)q(oin)o(ter.)i(The)d(result)g(is)e(the)i(bus)f(address)i(of)d -(the)i(needed)g(section)g(p)q(oin)o(ter.)k(The)150 1733 y(section)12 -b(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(pro)o(vides)f(the)i(bus)e(address)i(of)e(a)g(page)h(map;)e -(the)i(page)f(map)f(con)o(tains)h(512)g(map)f(p)q(oin)o(ters.)18 -b(T)m(o)150 1783 y(select)d(a)f(map)e(p)q(oin)o(ter,)i(the)h(in{section)f -(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)e(bits)j(18{26)d(of)i(the)g(virtual)f(address,)i(is) -f(added)g(\(righ)o(t)150 1832 y(justi\014ed\))h(to)g(the)h(address)g(con)o -(tained)f(in)f(the)h(section)h(p)q(oin)o(ter.)21 b(The)15 b(w)o(ord)g(th)o -(us)h(selected)g(is)f(a)g(map)e(p)q(oin)o(ter)150 1882 y(that)h(con)o(tains)g -(the)g(bus)h(address)g(of)e(the)i(desired)g(page.)150 1968 -y(Ev)o(ery)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(and)g(mapping)e(requires)k(one)e(w)o(ord.)18 -b(Th)o(us,)13 b(a)g(page)g(map)e(for)i(one)h(section)g(requires)g(one)f -(page;)150 2018 y(a)i(page)g(map)f(for)h(one)h(sup)q(ersection)h(table)f -(requires)g(one)g(page.)22 b(The)16 b(\014gures)g(on)g(the)f(follo)o(wing)e -(pages)j(sho)o(w)150 2067 y(the)g(organization)e(of)g(the)i(virtual{address)f -(spaces,)h(the)g(pro)q(cess)h(tables,)e(the)h(sup)q(ersection)h(tables,)e -(and)g(the)150 2117 y(section)g(tables)f(for)g(b)q(oth)g(user)h(and)f -(executiv)o(e.)20 b(Figure)14 b(3.3)g(giv)o(es)g(the)g(general)h(la)o(y)o -(out)e(of)g(the)i(pro)q(cess)h(tables)150 2167 y(and)k(sho)o(ws)g(the)g -(relation)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(virtual{address)f(spaces)i(and)d(the)i(sup)q -(ersection)h(and)e(section)g(tables.)150 2217 y(Figure)12 b(3.4)f(sho)o(ws)h -(the)g(pro)q(cess)i(table)e(con\014guration)f(used)i(in)e(XKL's)h(monitors.)k -(An)o(y)11 b(table)h(lo)q(cations)f(whose)p 150 2252 720 2 -v 181 2278 a Fm(15)214 2290 y Fl(The)c(reasons)f(to)i(hold)e(this)h(view)h -(are)f(t)o(w)o(o.)14 b(First,)7 b(although)f(large)g(data)h(structures)e(can) -i(arbitrarily)e(cross)h(section)g(b)q(oundaries,)150 2330 y(the)14 -b(program)e(cannot.)22 b(F)m(or)14 b(the)f(program)f(to)i(get)g(from)f(one)h -(section)e(to)i(another)e(requires)h(an)h(explicit)e(transfer)h(of)h(program) -150 2369 y(con)o(trol.)19 b(The)13 b(Program)e(Coun)o(ter)h(has)h(thirt)o(y)f -(bits,)g(but)h(it)g(coun)o(ts)f(only)g(the)g(righ)o(t{most)f(eigh)o(teen:)16 -b(when)d(going)f(b)q(ey)o(ond)f(the)150 2408 y(end)i(of)h(a)g(section,)g(PC)h -(simply)d(wraps)i(around)e(to)i(the)g(b)q(eginning)d(of)j(the)g(same)f -(section)f(\(from)h(lo)q(cation)f(777777)h(to)g(lo)q(cation)150 -2448 y(0\).)i(Second,)9 b(although)g(the)h(page)g(mapping)f(pro)q(cedures)f -(are)j(actually)e(set)i(up)f(in)h(terms)f(of)h(eigh)o(t)f(sup)q(ersection)o -(s)f(of)i(512)f(sections)150 2487 y(eac)o(h,)g(this)h(distinction)e(is)i(not) -g(visible)f(to)h(user)g(programs.)181 2515 y Fm(16)214 2527 -y Fl(A)o(C)g(references,)d(whic)o(h)i(can)g(b)q(e)g(made)f(b)o(y)h(an)o(y)g -(program,)e(ev)o(en)h(when)i(virtual)d(page)i(0)g(is)h(inaccessible)o(,)d -(are)i(made)f(directly)g(to)150 2566 y(fast)i(memory)f(and)i(require)e(no)h -(mapping.)k(All)d(other)f(references)f(to)i(storage)e(addresses)g(are)h(mapp) -q(ed,)f(whether)h(cac)o(hed)f(or)i(not,)150 2606 y(whether)e(to)h(storage)f -(mo)q(dules)g(or)h(to)g(mapp)q(ed)e(device)h(registers.)p eop -%%Page: 238 42 -238 41 bop 0 50 a FC(238)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FC(use)h(is)e(not)h(de\014ned)h -(are)g(reserv)o(ed)g(for)f(future)g(use)h(of)e(the)i(hardw)o(are)f(or)g -(Monitor)f(soft)o(w)o(are.)0 281 y(Although)g(the)i(virtual{address)f(space)h -(is)e(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(eigh)o(t)h(sup)q(ersections,)i(eac)o(h)e(con)o(taining)f -(512)g(sections)i(that)0 330 y(eac)o(h)20 b(con)o(tain)f(512)f(pages)i(b)o(y) -f(virtue)h(of)e(the)i(address)h(capabilit)o(y)d(of)g(the)i(instruction)g(and) -f(indirect{w)o(ord)0 380 y(formats,)14 b(the)j(Monitor)e(usually)g(limits)e -(the)j(actual)g(address)h(space)f(for)g(a)f(giv)o(en)g(program)g(b)o(y)g -(de\014ning)h(only)0 430 y(certain)j(sup)q(ersections,)j(sections,)e(and)f -(pages)f(as)h(b)q(eing)g(accessible.)33 b(There)20 b(is)e(no)g(requiremen)o -(t)h(that)f(the)0 480 y(virtual{address)c(space)g(b)q(e)g(con)o(tin)o -(uous|it)e(can)i(b)q(e)g(scattered)h(pages.)j(The)c(monitor)e(also)g(sp)q -(eci\014es)k(whether)0 530 y(eac)o(h)h(page)g(is)f(writable)g(or)h(not)f(and) -g(cac)o(heable)i(or)e(not.)26 b(T)m(o)16 b(determine)g(the)h(mapping)d(for)j -(a)f(giv)o(en)g(virtual)0 580 y(page,)d(the)i(micro)q(co)q(de)e(carries)i -(out)f(a)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(ev)n(aluation)f(pro)q(cedure)j(that)d(starts)i(at) -f(the)g(appropriate)g(en)o(try)0 629 y(in)h(the)g(sup)q(ersection)i(table.)22 -b(If)14 b(nothing)h(is)g(amiss,)e(the)j(pro)q(cedure)h(is)d(carried)i(out)f -(en)o(tirely)g(in)g(micro)q(co)q(de|)0 679 y(without)e(resorting)h(to)f -(monitor)f(soft)o(w)o(are|and)h(it)g(generates)i(the)f(mapping)e(for)h(the)h -(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(virtual)d(page.)0 729 y(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)g(if)g(it)f(is)h -(disco)o(v)o(ered)h(during)f(this)g(pro)q(cess)i(that)e(the)h(sup)q -(ersection,)h(section,)e(or)g(page)h(is)e(inaccessible;)0 779 -y(if)h(the)i(page)g(or)f(an)o(y)g(of)f(the)i(map)e(pages)h(required)h(to)g -(translate)f(the)h(virtual)e(address)j(is)e(not)g(in)g(memory;)e(or)i(if)0 -829 y(the)j(program)d(is)i(attempting)f(to)h(write)g(in)g(a)g -(write{protected)h(page,)f(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)f(traps)g(to)g(the)h -(monitor)0 878 y(whic)o(h)f(m)o(ust)e(handle)i(the)g(situation;)f(a)h(trap)g -(to)g(the)g(Monitor)f(for)h(an)o(y)f(of)g(these)i(reasons)g(is)f(is)f(called) -h(a)f(\\soft)0 928 y(page)g(failure".)j(The)d(mapping)e(pro)q(cedure)k -(requires)f(access)h(to)e(the)g(EPT)h(or)f(the)g(UPT,)g(to)g(one)g(sup)q -(ersection)0 978 y(table,)d(to)g(one)g(section)h(table,)f(to)g(one)g(page)g -(table,)g(and)g(then)g(to)g(the)h(actual)f(data)f(page.)17 -b(F)m(urther,)12 b(the)g(soft)o(w)o(are)0 1028 y(pro)o(vides)k(a)f(memory)e -(status)j(table)f(in)h(whic)o(h)f(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)f(k)o(eeps)h(trac)o -(k)g(of)f(the)h(use)h(made)d(of)h(these)i(map)0 1078 y(pages;)d(there)h(ma)o -(y)d(b)q(e)i(access)i(to)e(other)g(data)g(as)g(w)o(ell.)0 1163 -y(If)h(this)g(complete)f(pro)q(cedure)j(w)o(ere)f(carried)g(out)f(for)g(ev)o -(ery)g(memory)e(reference,)k(the)f(system)f(w)o(ould)f(b)q(e)i(v)o(ery)0 -1213 y(slo)o(w.)23 b(T)m(o)15 b(sp)q(eed)i(up)f(memory)d(references,)19 -b(a)c(cac)o(he)i(of)e(recen)o(tly)i(used)g(address)g(translations)e(is)h(k)o -(ept)g(in)f(the)0 1263 y(P)o(ager)e(T)m(ranslation)e(Bu\013er)j(\(PTB\),)f -(whic)o(h)f(the)h(pager)g(consults)g(\014rst)g(in)f(its)h(pro)q(cess)h(of)e -(translating)g(a)g(virtual)0 1313 y(address)j(to)f(a)f(bus)i(address.)k -(Hence,)c(it)e(is)h(necessary)i(to)e(go)f(through)h(the)g(whole)g(ev)n -(aluation)e(pro)q(cess)k(only)d(to)0 1362 y(translate)i(addresses)h(that)f -(do)f(not)h(y)o(et)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(translations)f(in)g(the)h(PTB.)g(This)f(en) -o(tire)h(pro)q(cess,)h(called)e(\\page)0 1412 y(re\014ll",)f(is)h(undertak)o -(en)h(only)e(when)h(the)h(translation)e(is)h(not)f(presen)o(t.)0 -1556 y Fz(3.7.1.1)48 b(P)o(ager)15 b(T)l(ranslation)e(Bu\013er)0 -1668 y FC(The)f(P)o(ager)g(T)m(ranslation)f(Bu\013er)i(\(PTB\))g(is)f(a)f -(cac)o(he)i(of)e(recen)o(tly)i(used)g(translations.)k(It)12 -b(is)g(organized)g(as)f(8,192)0 1718 y(lines)g(of)f(t)o(w)o(o{w)o(a)o(y)f -(asso)q(ciativ)o(e)i(mapping)e(en)o(tries.)18 b(A)11 b(particular)g(PTB)g -(line)f(is)h(selected)i(b)o(y)d(13)h(virtual{address)0 1768 -y(bits)j(\(14{26\).)j(Eac)o(h)d(line)g(con)o(tains)f(a)h(pair)f(of)h(mapping) -d(en)o(tries;)k(eac)o(h)f(is)g(in)f(this)h(format:)p 0 2064 -1628 2 v -1 2063 2 150 v 0 1915 1628 2 v 1626 2063 2 150 v --1 1905 2 42 v 1626 1905 V 5 2003 a Fx(U)p 49 2063 2 150 v -19 w(V)p 99 2063 V 191 1978 a(Page)h(ID)128 2027 y(VMA)f(bits)h(6{13)p -431 1905 2 42 v 431 2063 2 150 v 428 2003 a(W)p 481 2063 V -487 2005 a(A)p 531 2063 V 19 w(C)p 580 2063 V 19 w(D)p 630 -2063 V 684 1982 a(Slot)648 2023 y(Numb)n(er)p 804 2063 V 993 -1974 a(In{Mo)n(dule)h(Page)f(A)n(ddr)n(ess)1130 2023 y(Bits)g(7{26)131 -1891 y FC(P)o(age)f(T)m(ag)p 0 1881 104 2 v 0 1880 a Fj(\033)p -328 1881 V 348 w(-)847 1891 y FC(P)o(age)g(Mapping)f(Data)p -432 1881 374 2 v 432 1880 a Fj(\033)p 1254 1881 V 1112 w(-)0 -2178 y FC(The)h(meaning)e(of)i(the)g(\014elds)g(in)g(the)g(PTB)h(en)o(try)f -(is)g(as)g(follo)o(ws)0 2245 y Fx(U)264 b FC(User.)19 b(A)12 -b(1)g(in)f(this)i(bit)e(signi\014es)i(that)f(this)g(en)o(try)h(is)f(a)f -(mapping)f(for)i(a)g(user)h(virtual)e(address;)295 2295 y(a)j(0)f(in)h(this)g -(bit)f(means)g(the)i(en)o(try)f(maps)f(an)h(executiv)o(e)h(virtual)e -(address.)0 2381 y Fx(V)264 b FC(V)m(alid.)16 b(A)d(1)g(in)g(this)g(bit)f -(means)g(this)h(en)o(try)h(is)f(v)n(alid.)j(A)d(zero)h(here)g(means)e(that)h -(the)h(en)o(try)f(is)295 2431 y(not)h(v)n(alid.)0 2516 y Fx(Page)h(ID)146 -b FC(This)14 b(\014eld)g(con)o(tains)g(bits)g(6{13)f(of)g(the)h(virtual)f -(address)j(that)d(is)h(mapp)q(ed)f(b)o(y)h(this)g(en)o(try)m(.)295 -2584 y(The)j(three)g(\014elds,)f Fx(V)7 b FC(,)16 b Fx(U)7 -b FC(,)15 b(and)g Fx(Page)j(ID)i FC(together)d(form)d(the)i(P)o(age)g(T)m -(ag.)23 b(The)16 b(P)o(age)g(T)m(ag)p eop -%%Page: 239 43 -239 42 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(239)299 160 y Fy(Figure)18 b(3.3:)24 b(Virtual{Address)19 -b(Space)g(and)g(Pro)r(cess)f(T)-5 b(able)18 b(La)n(y)n(out)1786 -2614 y Fo(HRMF-V)m(AS.TEX)p 212 2624 291 2 v 211 2623 2 2159 -v 212 465 291 2 v 502 2623 2 2159 v 36 2620 a Fn(7776777)o(777)286 -1400 y FC(T)m(otal)13 b(of)277 1441 y(8)h(Sup)q(er{)260 1490 -y(Sections)h(of)246 1531 y(512)e(Sections)244 1572 y(of)g(512)h(P)o(ages)243 -1621 y(of)g(512)f(w)o(ords)312 1663 y(eac)o(h.)253 1706 y(\(1024)g(MW\))185 -482 y Fn(0)85 524 y(1000000)309 309 y Fz(User)270 351 y(Virtual{)273 -392 y(Address)298 433 y(Space)287 501 y Fl(Section)c(0)287 -542 y(Section)g(1)269 791 y(Section)h(777)261 833 y(Section)f(1000)261 -1995 y(Section)g(6000)261 2327 y(Section)g(7000)261 2618 y(Section)g(7776)p -212 2583 42 2 v 461 2583 V 212 2541 V 461 2541 V 212 2500 V -461 2500 V 212 2458 V 461 2458 V 212 2417 V 461 2417 V 212 -2375 V 461 2375 V 212 2334 V 461 2334 V 212 2251 V 461 2251 -V 212 2209 V 461 2209 V 212 2168 V 461 2168 V 212 2126 V 461 -2126 V 212 2084 V 461 2084 V 212 2043 V 461 2043 V 212 2001 -V 461 2001 V 212 1918 V 461 1918 V 212 1877 V 461 1877 V 212 -1835 V 461 1835 V 212 1794 V 461 1794 V 212 1752 V 461 1752 -V 212 1337 V 461 1337 V 212 1296 V 461 1296 V 212 1254 V 461 -1254 V 212 1213 V 461 1213 V 212 1171 V 461 1171 V 212 1088 -V 461 1088 V 212 1047 V 461 1047 V 212 1005 V 461 1005 V 212 -964 V 461 964 V 212 922 V 461 922 V 212 881 V 461 881 V 212 -839 V 461 839 V 212 756 V 461 756 V 212 715 V 461 715 V 212 -673 V 461 673 V 212 632 V 461 632 V 212 590 V 461 590 V 212 -549 V 461 549 V 212 507 V 461 507 V 295 620 a FC(Sup)q(er{)275 -669 y(Section)14 b(0)p 212 797 291 2 v 295 952 a(Sup)q(er{)275 -1001 y(Section)g(1)p 212 1130 V 212 1960 V 295 2115 a(Sup)q(er{)275 -2164 y(Section)g(6)p 212 2292 V 295 2447 a(Sup)q(er{)275 2496 -y(Section)g(7)p 710 1835 V 710 1834 2 1163 v 710 673 291 2 -v 1000 1834 2 1163 v 807 562 a Fz(User)777 603 y(Pro)q(cess)799 -644 y(T)l(able)p 710 1254 291 2 v 710 1337 V 737 1303 a Fl(T)m(rap)d(&)i -(MUUO)p 710 1379 V 739 1407 a(P)o(age{F)m(ail)c(T)m(rap)p 710 -1420 V 710 1503 V 761 1531 a(User)j(Sup)q(er{)751 1576 y(Section)e(T)m(able)p -710 1586 V 503 2623 a Fj(\004)511 2582 y(\004)519 2540 y(\004)528 -2499 y(\004)536 2457 y(\004)544 2416 y(\004)553 2374 y(\004)561 -2333 y(\004)569 2291 y(\004)578 2250 y(\004)586 2208 y(\004)594 -2167 y(\004)602 2125 y(\004)611 2083 y(\004)619 2042 y(\004)627 -2000 y(\004)636 1959 y(\004)644 1917 y(\004)652 1876 y(\004)661 -1834 y(\004)669 1793 y(\004)677 1751 y(\004)685 1710 y(\004)694 -1668 y(\004)702 1627 y(\004)-8 b(\004)503 506 y(D)511 548 y(D)519 -589 y(D)528 631 y(D)536 672 y(D)544 714 y(D)553 755 y(D)561 -797 y(D)569 838 y(D)578 880 y(D)586 921 y(D)594 963 y(D)602 -1004 y(D)611 1046 y(D)619 1087 y(D)627 1129 y(D)636 1170 y(D)644 -1212 y(D)652 1253 y(D)661 1295 y(D)669 1336 y(D)677 1378 y(D)685 -1419 y(D)694 1461 y(D)702 1502 y(D)g(D)742 2540 y FC(Section)14 -b(7777)754 2582 y(is)f(Reserv)o(ed)p 1250 2624 V 1249 2623 -2 2159 v 1250 465 291 2 v 1540 2623 2 2159 v 1073 2620 a Fn(777677777)o(7) -1324 1400 y FC(T)m(otal)f(of)1315 1441 y(8)i(Sup)q(er{)1298 -1490 y(Sections)g(of)1283 1531 y(512)f(Sections)1282 1572 y(of)g(512)g(P)o -(ages)1281 1621 y(of)g(512)g(w)o(ords)1350 1663 y(eac)o(h.)1290 -1706 y(\(1024)g(MW\))1222 482 y Fn(0)1123 524 y(1000000)1293 -309 y Fz(Executiv)o(e)1308 351 y(Virtual{)1311 392 y(Address)1336 -433 y(Space)1325 501 y Fl(Section)c(0)1325 542 y(Section)g(1)1307 -791 y(Section)h(777)1298 833 y(Section)g(1000)1298 1995 y(Section)g(6000)1298 -2327 y(Section)g(7000)1298 2618 y(Section)g(7776)p 1250 2583 -42 2 v 1499 2583 V 1250 2541 V 1499 2541 V 1250 2500 V 1499 -2500 V 1250 2458 V 1499 2458 V 1250 2417 V 1499 2417 V 1250 -2375 V 1499 2375 V 1250 2334 V 1499 2334 V 1250 2251 V 1499 -2251 V 1250 2209 V 1499 2209 V 1250 2168 V 1499 2168 V 1250 -2126 V 1499 2126 V 1250 2084 V 1499 2084 V 1250 2043 V 1499 -2043 V 1250 2001 V 1499 2001 V 1250 1918 V 1499 1918 V 1250 -1877 V 1499 1877 V 1250 1835 V 1499 1835 V 1250 1794 V 1499 -1794 V 1250 1752 V 1499 1752 V 1250 1337 V 1499 1337 V 1250 -1296 V 1499 1296 V 1250 1254 V 1499 1254 V 1250 1213 V 1499 -1213 V 1250 1171 V 1499 1171 V 1250 1088 V 1499 1088 V 1250 -1047 V 1499 1047 V 1250 1005 V 1499 1005 V 1250 964 V 1499 -964 V 1250 922 V 1499 922 V 1250 881 V 1499 881 V 1250 839 -V 1499 839 V 1250 756 V 1499 756 V 1250 715 V 1499 715 V 1250 -673 V 1499 673 V 1250 632 V 1499 632 V 1250 590 V 1499 590 -V 1250 549 V 1499 549 V 1250 507 V 1499 507 V 1332 620 a FC(Sup)q(er{)1312 -669 y(Section)15 b(0)p 1250 797 291 2 v 1332 952 a(Sup)q(er{)1312 -1001 y(Section)g(1)p 1250 1130 V 1250 1960 V 1332 2115 a(Sup)q(er{)1312 -2164 y(Section)g(6)p 1250 2292 V 1332 2447 a(Sup)q(er{)1312 -2496 y(Section)g(7)p 1748 1835 V 1747 1834 2 1163 v 1748 673 -291 2 v 2038 1834 2 1163 v 1792 562 a Fz(Executiv)o(e)1814 -603 y(Pro)q(cess)1836 645 y(T)l(able)p 1748 1254 291 2 v 1748 -1296 V 1857 1282 a Fl(T)m(rap)p 1748 1503 V 1759 1531 a(Executiv)o(e)9 -b(Sup)q(er{)1789 1576 y(Section)h(T)m(able)p 1748 1586 V 1541 -2623 a Fj(\004)1549 2582 y(\004)1557 2540 y(\004)1566 2499 -y(\004)1574 2457 y(\004)1582 2416 y(\004)1590 2374 y(\004)1599 -2333 y(\004)1607 2291 y(\004)1615 2250 y(\004)1624 2208 y(\004)1632 -2167 y(\004)1640 2125 y(\004)1649 2083 y(\004)1657 2042 y(\004)1665 -2000 y(\004)1673 1959 y(\004)1682 1917 y(\004)1690 1876 y(\004)1698 -1834 y(\004)1707 1793 y(\004)1715 1751 y(\004)1723 1710 y(\004)1732 -1668 y(\004)1740 1627 y(\004)-8 b(\004)1541 506 y(D)1549 548 -y(D)1557 589 y(D)1566 631 y(D)1574 672 y(D)1582 714 y(D)1590 -755 y(D)1599 797 y(D)1607 838 y(D)1615 880 y(D)1624 921 y(D)1632 -963 y(D)1640 1004 y(D)1649 1046 y(D)1657 1087 y(D)1665 1129 -y(D)1673 1170 y(D)1682 1212 y(D)1690 1253 y(D)1698 1295 y(D)1707 -1336 y(D)1715 1378 y(D)1723 1419 y(D)1732 1461 y(D)1740 1502 -y(D)g(D)p eop -%%Page: 240 44 -240 43 bop 0 50 a FC(240)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)409 233 y Fy(Figure)k(3.4:)24 -b(Pro)r(cess)18 b(T)-5 b(able)19 b(Con\014guration)0 2658 y -Fo(HRMF-PTC.TEX)p 83 2543 831 2 v 82 2542 2 2159 v 1079 2543 -831 2 v 1078 2542 2 2159 v 83 385 831 2 v 912 2542 2 2159 v -1079 385 831 2 v 1909 2542 2 2159 v 295 343 a FD(User)d(Pro)q(cess)h(T)l -(able)533 b(Executiv)o(e)15 b(Pro)q(cess)i(T)l(able)18 2532 -y Fl(777)943 b(777)54 415 y(0)978 b(0)1195 473 y FC(Priorit)o(y)13 -b(In)o(terrupt)i(XPCW)f(Blo)q(c)o(ks)1191 523 y(F)m(our)g(Lo)q(cations)g(p)q -(er)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)42 b FA(x)p FC(3.4.4)1015 581 y Fl(177)p -1079 592 831 2 v 83 2128 V 18 2159 a(540)345 2156 y(User)12 -b(Sup)q(ersectio)o(n)d(0)18 2242 y(547)345 2239 y(User)j(Sup)q(ersectio)o(n)d -(7)p 83 2253 V 1079 2128 V 1015 2159 a(540)1301 2156 y(Executiv)o(e)g(Sup)q -(ersection)f(0)1015 2242 y(547)1301 2239 y(Executiv)o(e)h(Sup)q(ersection)f -(7)p 1079 2253 V 304 647 a FC(Av)n(ailable)k(to)i(Soft)o(w)o(are)p -83 924 V 18 955 a Fl(420)107 952 y(Address)c(of)h(User's)h(LUUO)h(Blo)q(c)o -(k)34 b Fh(x)o Fl(2.16)p 83 966 V 1079 924 V 1015 955 a(420)1103 -952 y(Address)10 b(of)i(Executiv)o(e's)d(LUUO)k(Blo)q(c)o(k)34 -b Fh(x)o Fl(2.16)p 1079 966 V 18 996 a(421)18 1038 y(423)107 -1018 y(Reserv)o(ed)9 b(for)i(Soft)o(w)o(are)p 83 1049 V 83 -1132 V 18 1162 a(430)18 1204 y(437)107 1181 y(Executiv)o(e)e(MUUO)k(Blo)q(c)o -(k)34 b Fh(x)p Fl(2.16)p 83 1215 V 18 1245 a(440)18 1287 y(447)107 -1267 y(User)11 b(MUUO)i(Blo)q(c)o(k)p 83 1298 V 18 1328 a(450)18 -1370 y(457)107 1347 y(User)e(Arithmetic)e(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)i(T)m(rap)h(V)m -(ector)34 b Fh(x)p Fl(2.9.6)p 83 1381 V 18 1411 a(460)18 1453 -y(467)107 1430 y(User)11 b(Pushdo)o(wn)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(T)m(rap)h(V)m -(ector)p 83 1464 V 18 1494 a(470)18 1536 y(477)107 1513 y(User)f(T)m(rap{3)g -(T)m(rap)g(V)m(ector)p 83 1547 V 1079 1298 V 1015 1328 a(450)1015 -1370 y(457)1103 1347 y(Exec)g(Arithmetic)e(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)i(T)m(rap)g(V)m -(ector)34 b Fh(x)p Fl(2.9.6)p 1079 1381 V 1015 1411 a(460)1015 -1453 y(467)1103 1430 y(Exec)11 b(Pushdo)o(wn)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(T)m(rap)g -(V)m(ector)p 1079 1464 V 1015 1494 a(470)1015 1536 y(477)1103 -1513 y(Exec)g(T)m(rap{3)f(T)m(rap)h(V)m(ector)p 1079 1547 V -18 1578 a(500)107 1596 y(Soft)f(P)o(age)h(F)m(ail)g(T)m(rap)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)34 -b Fh(x)p Fl(3.7.1.8)18 1619 y(507)p 83 1630 V 1015 1578 a(500)1103 -1596 y(Hard)11 b(P)o(age)g(F)m(ail)g(T)m(rap)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)34 -b Fh(x)p Fl(3.7.1.8)1015 1619 y(507)p 1079 1630 V 1015 1661 -a(510)1103 1679 y(Hard)11 b(P)o(age)g(F)m(ail)g(Diagnostic)e(Blo)q(c)o(k)1015 -1702 y(517)p 1079 1713 V 83 2294 V 18 2325 a(600)304 2432 y -FC(Av)n(ailable)j(to)i(Soft)o(w)o(are)p eop -%%Page: 241 45 -241 44 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(241)445 195 y(iden)o(ti\014es)12 b(whic)o(h,)g(if)e(either,) -i(side)g(of)f(the)h(t)o(w)o(o{w)o(a)o(y)e(asso)q(ciativ)o(e)i(cac)o(he)g(con) -o(tains)g(the)g(correct,)445 245 y(v)n(alid)e(mapping.)15 b(The)e(pager)e -(uses)i(bits)f(14{26)e(of)h(a)h(virtual)f(address)i(to)e(select)i(one)f(line) -f(\(t)o(w)o(o)445 295 y(en)o(tries\))16 b(of)d(the)i(P)o(ager)f(T)m -(ranslation)f(Bu\013er.)20 b(The)14 b(P)o(age)g(ID)g(\(address)i(bits)e -(6{13\),)e(and)i(the)445 345 y(user/executiv)o(e)h(bit)e(are)h(sen)o(t)g(to)f -(the)h(T)m(ag)e(RAM:)g(if)g(it)h(con)o(tains)g(a)g(v)n(alid)f(matc)o(h,)f -(then)j(data)445 394 y(in)i(the)h(P)o(ager)g(T)m(ranslation)e(Bu\013er)j(is)e -(used)h(to)f(supply)h(the)g(mapping;)d(otherwise,)k(a)e(page)445 -444 y(re\014ll)e(\(see)h(b)q(elo)o(w\))f(is)g(p)q(erformed.)150 -530 y Fx(W)254 b FC(W)m(ritable.)18 b(A)d(1)f(in)f(this)i(bit)f(means)f(the)i -(page)f(has)h(b)q(een)g(written)g(on,)f(so)g(additional)e(writes)445 -580 y(are)j(allo)o(w)o(ed)f(without)g(further)i(ado.)k(If)14 -b(a)g(write)h(is)g(attempted)f(when)i(this)e(bit)h(is)f(0,)h(a)f(page)445 -629 y(re\014ll)k(will)f(b)q(e)i(p)q(erformed)e(to)h(see)i(if)d(the)i(status)g -(of)e(the)i(PTB)g(en)o(try)f(can)h(b)q(e)g(c)o(hanged)f(to)445 -679 y(p)q(ermit)13 b(the)i(write.)150 765 y Fx(A)264 b FC(Address)22 -b(Break.)36 b(This)20 b(bit)f(is)h(1)g(to)f(signal)g(that)h(the)g -(address{break)i(system)d(is)h(activ)o(e)445 815 y(and)c(that)g(references)j -(to)d(an)g(address)i(on)e(this)g(page)g(are)h(sough)o(t.)24 -b(See)18 b FA(x)p FC(3.7.5.)23 b(The)17 b(pager)445 864 y(re\014ll)j(micro)q -(co)q(de)g(will)f(set)i(this)f(bit)g(for)g(a)f(mapping)f(whose)j(mo)q(de)e -(\(executiv)o(e)j(or)e(user\))445 914 y(and)e(virtual{address)f(bits)h(6{26)e -(matc)o(h)g(the)i(corresp)q(onding)h(bits)e(in)g(the)h(address{break)445 -964 y(register.)150 1050 y Fx(C)265 b FC(Cac)o(heable.)18 b(This)c(bit)f(is)g -(1)g(to)g(allo)o(w)f(the)i(data)f(on)h(this)f(page)g(to)h(b)q(e)g(loaded)f -(in)o(to)f(the)i(cac)o(he.)445 1099 y(The)g(cac)o(heable)f(bit)g(is)g(loaded) -g(b)o(y)f(the)i(page)f(re\014ll)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(based)i(on)f(data)f -(found)h(in)f(the)445 1149 y(CST)i(en)o(try)h(for)e(the)i(page.)150 -1235 y Fx(D)264 b FC(Device.)26 b(This)16 b(bit)g(is)g(a)g(1)g(to)g(signify)f -(that)i(the)g(page)f(mapping)e(represen)o(ts)19 b(a)d(device)h(con-)445 -1285 y(trol/status)11 b(address;)h(0)d(for)h(a)g(memory)m(.)k(The)c -(di\013erence)i(determines)e(the)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)e(bac)o(kplane)445 -1334 y(bus)17 b(cycle)g(to)f(use)i(when)f(reading)f(or)g(writing.)25 -b(Device)17 b(con)o(trol/status)f(information)e(ma)o(y)445 -1384 y(b)q(e)j(accessed)h(this)e(w)o(a)o(y)f(or)h(via)g(the)g(instructions)h -(describ)q(ed)h(in)d FA(x)q FC(3.1.4.)22 b(There)17 b(is)f(no)g(CST)445 -1434 y(en)o(try)d(corresp)q(onding)h(to)e(a)h(page)f(in)g(whic)o(h)h -Fx(D)k FC(is)12 b(1.)17 b(An)c(en)o(try)g(in)g(whic)o(h)f Fx(D)17 -b FC(is)12 b(1)h(should)f(not)445 1484 y(b)q(e)k(cac)o(heable;)h(the)f(pager) -g(re\014ll)f(pro)q(cedure)i(mak)o(es)e(no)g(pro)o(vision)f(to)i(set)g(the)g -Fx(C)21 b FC(bit)15 b(when)445 1534 y Fx(D)j FC(is)c(set.)150 -1619 y Fx(Slot)h(Numb)n(er)70 b FC(This)11 b(is)h(the)g(four{bit)e(ph)o -(ysical)h(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(on)g(the)h(bac)o(kplane)f(to)g(whic)o(h)g -(storage)h(requests)445 1669 y(will)h(b)q(e)h(directed)h(for)f(this)g(mapp)q -(ed)f(address.)150 1755 y Fx(In-Mo)n(dule)150 1804 y(Page)i(A)n(ddr)n(ess)445 -1755 y FC(This)g(\014eld)g(supplies)h(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y)f(bits)g(of)f(the)i -(in{mo)q(dule)d(address;)j(the)g(remaining)d(in{mo)q(dule)445 -1804 y(address)g(bits)f(\(27{35\))e(are)i(supplied)g(directly)g(b)o(y)f(the)h -(corresp)q(onding)h(virtual{address)e(bits.)150 1958 y Fz(3.7.1.2)48 -b(P)o(ager)15 b(T)l(ranslation)e(Bu\013er)i(Diagnostic)e(Instruction)o(s)150 -2070 y FC(Tw)o(o)e(instructions)g(are)h(pro)o(vided)f(to)f(allo)o(w)g -(testing)h(of)g(the)g(PTB)h(data)e(storage)i(and)f(retriev)n(al)g -(facilities.)16 b(These)150 2120 y(instructions)f(are)f(diagnostics;)f(they)h -(are)h(not)f(exp)q(ected)i(to)d(b)q(e)i(used)g(b)o(y)e(the)i(timesharing)d -(Monitor.)p 150 2369 1495 4 v 150 2294 V 148 2367 4 75 v 1643 -2367 V 688 2367 V 729 2367 V 896 2367 V 162 2399 a Fl(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2344 y Fx(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)494 2399 y Fl(8)p 522 2367 V 24 w(9)586 2343 y -FC(16)150 2261 y Fi(D)n(WRPTB)482 2264 y(Diagnostic)21 b(W)n(rite)e(P)n(ager) -g(T)-5 b(ag)19 b(and)g(Data)f(\(APR2)g(16,\))306 2343 y FC(702)150 -2494 y(The)d(pager)h(tag)e(and)h(data)g(triplew)o(ord)f(at)h(lo)q(cation)f -Fx(E)5 b FC(,)15 b Fx(E)5 b FC(+1,)15 b(and)g Fx(E)5 b FC(+2)15 -b(are)g(sen)o(t)h(to)f(the)g(pager.)22 b(The)15 b(data)150 -2544 y(format)d(is)i(sho)o(wn)g(b)q(elo)o(w.)p eop -%%Page: 242 46 -242 45 bop 0 50 a FC(242)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)266 230 y FC(P)o(age)g(T)m(ranslation)f -(Bu\013er)i(T)m(ag)e(and)h(Data)f(T)m(riplew)o(ord)g(|)g(D)o(WRPTB)p -104 636 1495 2 v 103 635 2 374 v 104 262 1495 2 v 1597 635 -2 374 v 227 648 2 13 v 352 648 V 477 648 V 601 648 V 726 648 -V 850 656 2 21 v 975 648 2 13 v 1099 648 V 1224 648 V 1348 -648 V 1473 648 V 104 511 1495 2 v 104 387 V 0 338 a Fx(E)1655 -309 y FC(Supplied)1626 359 y(b)o(y)h(Program)116 665 y Fn(0)p -144 386 2 125 v -17 w(0)p 103 386 V 114 339 a FC(*)158 665 -y Fn(1)p 186 386 V -17 w(1)p 144 386 V 153 297 a Fx(s)152 327 -y(e)157 369 y(l)648 665 y Fn(13)p 684 386 V -483 w(2)p 186 -386 V 425 339 a FC(*)1187 665 y Fn(26)p 1224 386 V -532 w(14)p -684 386 V 785 338 a Fx(PTB)h(Line)g(Numb)n(er)1561 665 y Fn(35)p -1597 386 V -366 w(27)p 1224 386 V 1401 339 a FC(*)0 461 y Fx(E)5 -b FC(+1)1655 434 y(Supplied)1626 483 y(b)o(y)14 b(Program)116 -665 y Fn(0)p 144 511 V -17 w(0)p 103 511 V 105 463 a Fx(U)158 -665 y Fn(1)p 186 511 V -17 w(1)p 144 511 V 146 463 a Fx(V)199 -665 y Fn(2)p 227 511 V -17 w(2)p 186 511 V 190 418 a Fx(w)194 -459 y(b)197 497 y(t)241 665 y Fn(3)p 269 511 V -17 w(3)p 227 -511 V 231 416 a Fx(w)235 457 y(b)234 499 y(d)324 665 y Fn(5)p -352 511 V -59 w(4)p 269 511 V 301 464 a FC(*)648 665 y Fn(13)p -684 511 V -317 w(6)p 352 511 V 374 438 a Fx(Pager)h(T)m(ag)g(Data)420 -487 y(VMA)f(6{13)1561 665 y Fn(35)p 1597 511 V -906 w(14)p -684 511 V 1131 464 a FC(*)0 585 y Fx(E)5 b FC(+2)1655 559 y(Supplied)1626 -608 y(b)o(y)14 b(Program)158 665 y Fn(1)p 186 635 V -59 w(0)p -103 635 V 135 588 a FC(*)199 665 y Fn(2)p 227 635 V -17 w(2)p -186 635 V 183 587 a Fx(W)241 665 y Fn(3)p 269 635 V -17 w(3)p -227 635 V 229 587 a Fx(A)282 665 y Fn(4)p 311 635 V -17 w(4)p -269 635 V 272 587 a Fx(C)448 665 y Fn(8)p 477 635 V -141 w(5)p -311 635 V 384 588 a FC(*)490 665 y Fn(9)p 518 635 V -17 w(9)p -477 635 V 478 587 a Fx(D)565 665 y Fn(11)p 601 635 V -76 w(10)p -518 635 V 550 586 a FC(0)731 665 y Fn(15)p 767 635 V -159 w(12)p -601 635 V 650 567 a Fx(Slot)615 608 y(Numb)n(er)1561 665 y -Fn(35)p 1597 635 V -823 w(16)p 767 635 V 960 583 a Fx(In{Mo)n(dule)i(Page)f -(A)n(ddr)n(ess)0 804 y FC(Fields)e(mark)o(ed)e(with)i(asterisk)g(are)g -(ignored)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(hardw)o(are.)18 b(A)o(t)13 b(the)g(lo)q(cation)f -(addressed)i(b)o(y)f Fx(E)5 b FC(,)12 b(the)i(\014elds)0 854 -y Fx(sel)21 b FC(and)16 b Fx(PTB)i(Line)g(Numb)n(er)e FC(sp)q(ecify)i(the)f -(\\address")h(in)e(the)i(PTB)f(in)o(to)f(whic)o(h)h(the)g(data)g(is)f -(written.)28 b(All)0 903 y(other)14 b(\014elds)f(are)h(the)g(data)e(to)h(b)q -(e)h(stored)g(in)f(the)h(PTB:)f(the)h(w)o(ord)f(at)g Fx(E)5 -b FC(+1)13 b(supplies)g(data)g(to)g(b)q(e)h(written)g(in)o(to)0 -953 y(the)e(PTB's)g(page)g(tag)f(\014eld;)h(the)h(w)o(ord)e(at)h -Fx(E)5 b FC(+2)12 b(supplies)g(data)f(to)h(b)q(e)g(written)g(in)o(to)f(the)h -(PTB's)h(page)e(mapping)0 1003 y(data)j(\014eld.)k(The)c(meaning)e(of)h(the)i -(\014elds)f(is)g(as)g(describ)q(ed)h(here:)0 1071 y Fx(sel)248 -b FC(Set)16 b(selection)h(\()p Fu(PF\045SEL==:1B1)p FC(\):)i(0)c(or)h(1)f(to) -g(select)i(the)f(left{hand)f(or)h(righ)o(t{hand)f(side)h(of)295 -1120 y(the)f(PTB)f(in)o(to)f(whic)o(h)h(to)g(write.)0 1206 -y Fx(PTB)h(Line)0 1256 y(Numb)n(er)295 1206 y FC(This)f(\014eld)g(\()p -Fu(PF\045LIN==:17777B26)p FC(\))d(selects)k(one)f(of)f(the)i(8,192)d(PTB)j -(line)e(pairs)h(in)o(to)f(whic)o(h)295 1256 y(to)18 b(write.)29 -b(\(In)18 b(normal)d(use)j(of)f(the)h(PTB,)g(this)g(\014eld)f(is)h(comp)q -(osed)f(of)g(bits)g(14{26)f(of)h(the)295 1306 y(virtual)c(memory)f -(address.\))0 1403 y Fx(U)264 b FC(User)11 b(\()p Fu(PF\045USR)p -FC(\):)d(this)h(mapping)e(is)i(for)g(a)g(user{mo)q(de)g(virtual{address)h(if) -e Fx(U)16 b FC(is)9 b(set;)i(otherwise,)295 1453 y(this)j(maps)f(an)g -(executiv)o(e{mo)q(de)h(address.)0 1539 y Fx(V)264 b FC(V)m(alid)13 -b(\()p Fu(PF\045VLD)p FC(\):)g(this)i(bit)f(is)h(1)f(to)g(indicate)h(that)f -(a)g(mapping)f(is)h(v)n(alid.)19 b(Otherwise,)c(in)f(the)295 -1589 y(normal)e(use)j(of)e(the)i(PTB,)f(the)g(data)g(in)f(the)h(mapping)e(is) -i(ignored.)0 1674 y Fx(wbt)234 b FC(W)m(rite)12 b(Bad{P)o(arit)o(y)g(T)m(ag)f -(\()p Fu(PF\045WBT==:1B2)p FC(\):)k(set)e(this)g(bit)f(to)g(cause)h(this)f -(op)q(eration)h(to)f(write)295 1724 y(bad{parit)o(y)17 b(data)g(in)g(the)h -(page)f(tag)g(\014eld.)28 b(A)18 b(subsequen)o(t)h(read)f(of)e(this)i(tag)f -(is)g(exp)q(ected)295 1774 y(to)f(rev)o(eal)h(the)f(bad)g(parit)o(y)m(,)f -(whic)o(h)h(normally)e(w)o(ould)h(cause)i(a)f(page)g(failure.)24 -b(\(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)17 b(a)295 1824 y Fv(DRDPTB)c FC(instruction)g(w)o -(ould)g(rep)q(ort)h(the)g(parit)o(y)f(error)h(without)f(causing)g(a)g(page)g -(failure.\))0 1909 y Fx(wb)n(d)229 b FC(W)m(rite)19 b(Bad{P)o(arit)o(y)g -(Data)g(\()p Fu(PF\045WBD==:1B3)p FC(\):)27 b(set)20 b(this)f(bit)h(to)f -(cause)h(this)g(op)q(eration)f(to)295 1959 y(write)f(bad{parit)o(y)e(data)h -(in)g(the)h(page)f(mapping)e(data)i(\014eld.)29 b(The)18 b(in)o(tegrit)o(y)e -(of)h(the)h(page)295 2009 y(mapping)f(data)h(is)g(guarded)h(b)o(y)f(four)h -(parit)o(y)f(bits.)32 b(Eac)o(h)19 b(parit)o(y)f(bit,)h(when)g(tak)o(en)f -(with)295 2059 y(its)e(corresp)q(onding)h(data)f(bits,)g(normally)e(pro)o -(vides)i(ev)o(en)h(parit)o(y)m(.)23 b(When)16 b(this)h(instruction)295 -2108 y(writes)e(bad)e(parit)o(y)g(page)h(mapping)d(data,)i(eac)o(h)i(parit)o -(y)e(bit)g(is)h(written)g(as)g(the)g(complemen)o(t)295 2158 -y(of)i(its)h(normal)e(form.)24 b(A)17 b(subsequen)o(t)i(read)e(of)f(this)h -(data)f(is)h(exp)q(ected)h(to)f(rev)o(eal)g(the)g(bad)295 2208 -y(parit)o(y)m(,)11 b(whic)o(h)h(normally)e(w)o(ould)h(cause)i(a)f(page)g -(failure.)17 b(A)12 b Fv(DRDPTB)g FC(instruction)g(can)g(read)295 -2258 y(the)j(bad)f(parit)o(y)g(data)g(without)g(causing)g(a)g(page)g -(failure;)f(it)h(has)h(a)f(\014eld)g(in)g(whic)o(h)g(it)g(w)o(ould)295 -2308 y(rep)q(ort)h(the)g(parit)o(y)e(error.)0 2393 y Fx(Pager)i(T)m(ag)0 -2443 y(Data)295 2393 y FC(This)h(\014eld)g(\()p Fu(PF\045TAG==:377B13)p -FC(\))d(is)j(the)h(asso)q(ciativ)o(e)f(k)o(ey)g(on)g(whic)o(h)g(PTB)g(cac)o -(he)h(hits)g(are)295 2443 y(based.)25 b(In)16 b(the)h(normal)d(op)q(eration)i -(of)f(the)i(PTB)f(cac)o(he,)h(this)f(\014eld)h(con)o(tains)e(bits)i(6{13)e -(of)295 2493 y(the)g(virtual{address)f(whic)o(h)g(this)g(PTB)g(en)o(try)h -(represen)o(ts.)0 2591 y Fx(W)254 b FC(If)16 b(set,)h(the)g(W)m(ritable)e -(bit)h(\()p Fu(PF\045WRB)p FC(\))g(means)f(that)h(this)h(mapping)d(represen)o -(ts)19 b(a)d(page)g(that)p eop -%%Page: 243 47 -243 46 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(243)445 195 y(has)14 b(b)q(een)h(written)g(on.)150 -281 y Fx(A)264 b FC(Address)22 b(Break)e(Activ)o(e)h(\()p Fu(PF\045ABA)p -FC(\))d(is)i(set)h(if)e(this)h(page)f(has)h(address{break)i(trap)e(on)f(it) -445 330 y(somewhere.)150 416 y Fx(C)265 b FC(Cac)o(heable)12 -b(\()p Fu(PF\045CHB)p FC(\))f(is)h(set)h(if)e(the)i(cac)o(he)g(is)f(used)g -(for)g(references)j(to)d(this)g(page.)17 b(\(In)12 b(normal)445 -466 y(op)q(eration)i(of)f(the)i(system,)e(this)h(bit)f(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)i -(zero)g(if)e Fx(D)18 b FC(is)13 b(set)i(to)f(1.\))150 551 y -Fx(D)264 b FC(Device)21 b(\()p Fu(PA\045DEV)p FC(\))e(is)h(set)h(if)e(the)h -(address)i(is)e(to)g(b)q(e)g(presen)o(ted)i(to)e(the)h(bus)f(as)g(a)g(device) -445 601 y(con)o(trol/status)13 b(address;)g(it)f(is)g(0)g(if)f(the)i(address) -g(is)f(to)g(b)q(e)g(presen)o(ted)j(as)d(a)g(memory)d(address.)150 -687 y Fx(Slot)150 737 y(Numb)n(er)445 687 y FC(This)16 b(\014eld)g(\()p -Fu(PA\045SLT)p FC(\))f(con)o(tains)h(the)h(ph)o(ysical)e(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)f(of)g(the)i(memory)c(or)j(device)h(to)445 737 y(resp)q(ond)e(at)f(this)g -(virtual{address.)150 834 y Fx(In{Mo)n(dule)150 884 y(Page)h(A)n(ddr)n(ess) -445 834 y FC(This)c(\014eld)h(\()p Fu(PA\045MPA)p FC(\),)e(when)i(shifted)f -(left)g(nine)h(bits,)f(con)o(tains)g(the)h(base)g(in{mo)q(dule)e(address)445 -884 y(for)k(this)g(mapping.)150 998 y(All)i(indicated)g(\014elds)h(are)g -(writable.)26 b(Note)17 b(that)g(setting)g Fx(C)f FC(and)g -Fx(D)h FC(sim)o(ultaneously)e(is)h(p)q(ermitted)h(only)e(for)150 -1047 y(diagnostic)e(purp)q(ose.)p 150 1296 1495 4 v 150 1222 -V 148 1295 4 75 v 1643 1295 V 688 1295 V 729 1295 V 896 1295 -V 162 1326 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -1272 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1326 y Fl(8)p 522 1295 V 24 -w(9)596 1271 y FC(6)150 1188 y Fi(DRDPTB)482 1191 y(Diagnostic)21 -b(Read)e(P)n(ager)g(T)-5 b(ag)19 b(and)f(Data)g(\(APR2)h(6,\))306 -1271 y FC(702)150 1422 y(Select)d(the)g(P)o(ager)f(T)m(ranslation)f(Bu\013er) -j(address)f(using)f(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e Fx(E)5 b FC(.)22 -b(Return)16 b(the)f(indicated)h(data)e(in)150 1472 y Fx(E)5 -b FC(+1)14 b(and)g Fx(E)5 b FC(+2.)421 1592 y(P)o(age)14 b(T)m(ranslation)f -(Bu\013er)i(T)m(ag)e(and)g(Data)h(T)m(riplew)o(ord)f(|)g(DRDPTB)p -254 1997 1495 2 v 253 1996 2 374 v 254 1624 1495 2 v 1747 1996 -2 374 v 377 2009 2 13 v 502 2009 V 627 2009 V 751 2009 V 876 -2009 V 1000 2017 2 21 v 1125 2009 2 13 v 1249 2009 V 1374 2009 -V 1498 2009 V 1623 2009 V 254 1873 1495 2 v 254 1748 V 150 -1699 a Fx(E)1805 1671 y FC(Supplied)1776 1720 y(b)o(y)h(Program)266 -2027 y Fn(0)p 294 1747 2 125 v -17 w(0)p 253 1747 V 264 1701 -a FC(*)308 2027 y Fn(1)p 336 1747 V -17 w(1)p 294 1747 V 303 -1658 a Fx(s)302 1689 y(e)307 1730 y(l)798 2027 y Fn(13)p 834 -1747 V -483 w(2)p 336 1747 V 575 1701 a FC(*)1337 2027 y Fn(26)p -1374 1747 V -532 w(14)p 834 1747 V 935 1700 a Fx(PTB)h(Line)g(Numb)n(er)1711 -2027 y Fn(35)p 1747 1747 V -366 w(27)p 1374 1747 V 1551 1701 -a FC(*)150 1822 y Fx(E)5 b FC(+1)1796 1800 y(Returned)1776 -1840 y(to)14 b(Program)266 2027 y Fn(0)p 294 1872 V -17 w(0)p -253 1872 V 255 1824 a Fx(U)308 2027 y Fn(1)p 336 1872 V -17 -w(1)p 294 1872 V 296 1824 a Fx(V)349 2027 y Fn(2)p 377 1872 -V -17 w(2)p 336 1872 V 347 1788 a Fx(t)343 1818 y(p)344 1857 -y(e)391 2027 y Fn(3)p 419 1872 V -17 w(3)p 377 1872 V 384 1790 -a Fx(d)384 1820 y(p)385 1858 y(e)474 2027 y Fn(5)p 502 1872 -V -59 w(4)p 419 1872 V 451 1823 a FC(0)798 2027 y Fn(13)p 834 -1872 V -317 w(6)p 502 1872 V 524 1799 a Fx(Pager)h(T)m(ag)g(Data)570 -1848 y(VMA)f(6{13)1711 2027 y Fn(35)p 1747 1872 V -906 w(14)p -834 1872 V 1281 1823 a FC(0)150 1947 y Fx(E)5 b FC(+2)1796 -1924 y(Returned)1776 1965 y(to)14 b(Program)308 2027 y Fn(1)p -336 1996 V -59 w(0)p 253 1996 V 285 1948 a FC(0)349 2027 y -Fn(2)p 377 1996 V -17 w(2)p 336 1996 V 333 1948 a Fx(W)391 -2027 y Fn(3)p 419 1996 V -17 w(3)p 377 1996 V 379 1948 a Fx(A)432 -2027 y Fn(4)p 461 1996 V -17 w(4)p 419 1996 V 422 1948 a Fx(C)474 -2027 y Fn(5)p 502 1996 V -17 w(5)p 461 1996 V 467 1899 a Fx(p)468 -1948 y(b)467 1987 y(0)515 2027 y Fn(6)p 544 1996 V -17 w(6)p -502 1996 V 509 1899 a Fx(p)510 1948 y(b)509 1987 y(1)557 2027 -y Fn(7)p 585 1996 V -17 w(7)p 544 1996 V 550 1899 a Fx(p)551 -1948 y(b)550 1987 y(2)598 2027 y Fn(8)p 627 1996 V -17 w(8)p -585 1996 V 592 1899 a Fx(p)593 1948 y(b)592 1987 y(3)640 2027 -y Fn(9)p 668 1996 V -17 w(9)p 627 1996 V 628 1948 a Fx(D)715 -2027 y Fn(11)p 751 1996 V -76 w(10)p 668 1996 V 700 1948 a -FC(0)881 2027 y Fn(15)p 917 1996 V -159 w(12)p 751 1996 V 800 -1928 a Fx(Slot)765 1969 y(Numb)n(er)1711 2027 y Fn(35)p 1747 -1996 V -823 w(16)p 917 1996 V 1110 1945 a Fx(In{Mo)n(dule)i(Page)f(A)n(ddr)n -(ess)150 2165 y FC(Fields)j(mark)o(ed)e(with)i(an)f(asterisk)i(are)f(ignored) -f(b)o(y)h(the)g(hardw)o(are.)30 b(The)18 b(v)n(arious)f(\014elds)i(that)e -(corresp)q(ond)150 2215 y(to)j(those)g(in)g Fv(D)o(WRPTB)f -FC(ha)o(v)o(e)h(the)h(same)e(signi\014cance)h(as)g(explained)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o -(e.)36 b(The)20 b(additional)e(\014elds)j(are)150 2265 y(in)o(terpreted)16 -b(as)e(follo)o(ws:)150 2332 y Fx(tp)n(e)77 b FC(A)14 b(1)g(in)f(this)h(bit)g -(\()p Fu(PF\045TPE==:1B2)p FC(\))d(signi\014es)j(a)g(parit)o(y)f(error)i(in)f -(PTB's)g(page)g(tag)f(\014eld.)150 2418 y Fx(dp)n(e)70 b FC(A)13 -b(1)f(in)g(this)g(bit)h(\()p Fu(PF\045DPE==:1B3)p FC(\))d(signi\014es)i(a)g -(parit)o(y)g(error)i(in)e(the)h(PTB's)g(page)f(mapping)e(data)i(\014eld.)279 -2468 y(One)i(or)f(more)g(of)f(the)i(b)o(yte)f(parit)o(y)g(bits,)g -Fx(pb0)6 b FC(|)p Fx(pb3)g FC(,)13 b(when)g(tak)o(en)h(with)f(its)g(corresp)q -(onding)h(data,)e(will)279 2518 y(sho)o(w)i(o)q(dd)g(parit)o(y)m(.)150 -2603 y Fx(pb0)68 b FC(\()p Fu(PF\045PB0==:1B5)p FC(\))16 b(This)i(is)f(the)i -(parit)o(y)e(bit)h(for)f(page)h(mapping)e(data)i(bits)g(12{18.)28 -b(Go)q(o)q(d)18 b(parit)o(y)f(is)p eop -%%Page: 244 48 -244 47 bop 0 50 a FC(244)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)129 195 y FC(ev)o(en.)0 -281 y Fx(pb1)68 b FC(\()p Fu(PF\045PB1==:1B6)p FC(\))12 b(This)i(is)f(the)i -(parit)o(y)e(bit)h(for)f(page)h(mapping)e(data)h(bits)h(19{25.)0 -366 y Fx(pb2)68 b FC(\()p Fu(PF\045PB2==:1B7)p FC(\))12 b(This)i(is)f(the)i -(parit)o(y)e(bit)h(for)f(page)h(mapping)e(data)h(bits)h(26{32.)0 -452 y Fx(pb3)68 b FC(\()p Fu(PF\045PB3==:1B8)p FC(\))12 b(This)i(is)f(the)i -(parit)o(y)e(bit)h(for)f(page)h(mapping)e(data)h(bits)h(2{4,)f(9,)g(and)h -(33{35.)0 595 y Fz(3.7.1.3)48 b(Use)15 b(of)h(the)f(PTB)0 708 -y FC(Pro)o(vided)k(all)e(necessary)k(conditions)d(are)h(satis\014ed,)h(a)f -(virtual{address)f(is)h(translated)g(to)f(a)h(BA)-5 b(W)19 -b(b)o(y)f(the)0 758 y(paging)12 b(hardw)o(are,)h(using)g(the)h(data)f(in)f -(the)i(PTB.)f(Bits)h(14{26)e(of)g(the)i(virtual{address)g(are)f(presen)o(ted) -i(to)e(the)0 807 y(PTB)f(as)g(a)g(\\line)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er";)g(bits)h(6{13)f -(and)h(a)f(bit)h(denoting)f(either)i(executiv)o(e{mo)q(de)f(or)f(user{mo)q -(de)h(mapping)0 857 y(are)k(presen)o(ted)h(to)e(the)h(PTB)g(as)f(the)h -(desired)g(\\tag".)22 b(The)15 b(p)q(ortion)g(of)g(the)h(PTB)f(called)g(the)h -(T)m(ag)e(RAM)h(will)0 907 y(c)o(hec)o(k)g(to)g(see)g(if)f(it)g(has)g(a)h(v)n -(alid)d(matc)o(h)i(for)g(the)h(desired)g(tag)f(at)h(the)g(giv)o(en)e(line)h -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)19 b(If)14 b(it)g(has)h(one)g(v)n(alid)0 -957 y(matc)o(h,)i(the)h(T)m(ag)e(RAM)h(will)f(rep)q(ort)i(the)g(set)h -(selection)f(\(one)g(bit,)f(to)g(select)i(either)f(the)g(left{hand)f(side)h -(or)0 1007 y(the)c(righ)o(t{hand)f(side)g(of)g(the)h(PTB\).)g(The)g(data)f -(from)e(selected)16 b(side)d(of)g(the)h(PTB)g(pro)o(vides)g(the)g(four{bit)e -(slot)0 1056 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(and)h(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y{bit)g(in{mo)q(dule) -e(page)i(address,)h(whic)o(h)g(are)f(used)h(together)g(with)f(the)h(nine{bit) -f(in{page)0 1106 y(address)i(\(bits)g(27{35)d(of)i(the)h(virtual{address\))f -(as)g(the)h(bac)o(kplane)f(bus)g(address)i(for)d(the)i(reference.)21 -b(If)14 b(the)g Fx(C)0 1156 y FC(bit)e(is)g(set,)h(this)f(address)i(will)d(b) -q(e)i(presen)o(ted)h(to)e(the)h(cac)o(he)g(to)f(see)i(if)d(it)h(con)o(tains)g -(a)g(represen)o(tation)i(of)d(the)i(data)0 1206 y(b)q(eing)g(addressed.)19 -b(The)13 b Fx(D)k FC(bit,)c(the)g Fx(C)18 b FC(bit,)13 b(and)f(the)h(t)o(yp)q -(e)h(of)e(reference)j(\(read)e(or)g(write\))g(determine)g(the)g(t)o(yp)q(e)0 -1256 y(of)g(bac)o(kplane)h(cycle)h(to)e(use:)p 168 1401 1465 -2 v 167 1461 2 60 v 546 1461 V 792 1443 a Fs(D)g FC(=)f(0)p -1148 1461 V 431 w Fs(D)h FC(=)e(1)p 1631 1461 V 547 1462 1086 -2 v 167 1520 2 60 v 193 1503 a(T)o(yp)q(e)j(of)f(Reference)p -546 1520 V 184 w Fs(C)h FC(=)e(0)p 969 1520 V 192 w Fs(C)i -FC(=)e(1)p 1148 1520 V 142 w Fs(C)j FC(=)c(0)p 1472 1520 V -133 w Fs(C)j FC(=)e(1)p 1631 1520 V 168 1522 1465 2 v 167 1582 -2 60 v 193 1564 a(Read)p 546 1582 V 290 w(W)m(ord)h(Read)h(Request)p -969 1582 V 55 w(Cac)o(he)1104 1549 y Fp(?)p 1148 1582 V 1174 -1564 a FC(Status)g(Request)p 1472 1582 V 51 w(Illegal)p 1631 -1582 V 167 1642 V 193 1624 a(W)m(rite)p 546 1642 V 277 w(W)m(ord)f(W)m(rite)g -(Request)p 969 1642 V 51 w(Cac)o(he)1104 1609 y Fp(?)p 1148 -1642 V 1175 1624 a FC(Device)h(Con)o(trol)p 1472 1642 V 51 -w(Illegal)p 1631 1642 V 168 1643 1465 2 v 193 1682 a Fp(?)226 -1697 y FC(Cac)o(he)g(use)h(ma)o(y)d(in)o(v)o(olv)o(e)g(a)i(Line)g(W)m(rite)f -(and/or)h(a)f(Line)h(Read)g(Request)0 1819 y(When)f(the)h(pager)f(tag)g -(indicates)g(that)g(the)h(appropriate)f(line)f(con)o(tains)h(no)g(v)n(alid)f -(mapping)f(for)h(the)i(requested)0 1869 y(virtual)9 b(page)h(and)f(address)i -(space,)h(the)e(pager)g(forces)h(a)e(micro)q(co)q(de)h(page)f(re\014ll)h(to)g -(replace)g(one)g(of)f(the)i(mappings)0 1919 y(with)k(an)g(appropriate)g(en)o -(try)m(.)22 b(If)15 b(there)h(is)f(already)g(an)g(appropriate)g(en)o(try)h -(but)f(a)g(write)h(access)h(is)e(requested)0 1969 y(and)f Fx(W)23 -b FC(is)14 b(zero,)i(the)f(micro)q(co)q(de)f(do)q(es)h(a)f(page)h(re\014ll)f -(to)h(c)o(hec)o(k)g(whether)h(the)f(PTB)g(en)o(try)h(can)e(b)q(e)i(revised)f -(to)0 2019 y(p)q(ermit)e(the)i(write)f(reference.)483 2004 -y Fn(17)0 2104 y FC(The)i(en)o(tire)g(P)o(ager)f(T)m(ranslation)g(Bu\013er)h -(is)f(in)o(v)n(alidated)f(when)i(the)g(Monitor)f(selects)i(a)e(new)h(pro)q -(cess)h(to)e(run.)0 2154 y(Sp)q(eci\014cally)m(,)f(the)h(instructions)g(that) -f(load)g(new)h(v)n(alues)f(for)g(the)h(EBR)g(or)f(UBR)h(in)o(v)n(alidate)e -(all)g(en)o(tries)i(in)f(the)0 2204 y(P)o(ager)g(T)m(ranslation)f(Bu\013er,)h -(see)i FA(x)p FC(3.7.2.)0 2289 y(In)c(addition)e(to)i(setting)g(a)f(new)h(v)n -(alue)f(in)g(the)i(UBR,)e(the)h(con)o(text)g(switc)o(h)g(to)g(run)g(a)f -(di\013eren)o(t)i(user)g(ma)o(y)c(in)o(v)o(olv)o(e)0 2339 y(setting)14 -b(a)f(new)h(A)o(C)g(blo)q(c)o(k)f(con)o(text)i(and)e(setting)h(the)g(address) -h(break)f(system)g(on)f(b)q(ehalf)g(of)g(the)i(new)f(pro)q(cess.)0 -2389 y(See)h FA(x)p FC(3.7.4,)d FA(x)p FC(3.7.2,)g(and)i FA(x)p -FC(3.7.5.)p 0 2424 720 2 v 31 2450 a Fm(17)64 2462 y Fl(When)e(a)g(read)g -(reference)f(causes)g(a)i(page)f(re\014ll,)f(the)i(pager)e(will)i(b)q(e)f -(loaded)f(with)i Ff(W)19 b Fl(cleared)11 b(to)h(zero)g(\(unless)g(the)g(page) -f(is)0 2502 y(writable)d(and)h(the)g(CST)h(indicates)d(that)i(the)g(page)f -(has)h(already)f(b)q(een)g(mo)q(di\014ed\).)k(With)d Ff(W)16 -b Fl(clear,)8 b(a)i(subsequen)o(t)c(write)k(reference)0 2541 -y(will)i(force)f(another)e(page)i(re\014ll.)k(Then,)c(if)h(writes)g(to)f(the) -g(page)g(are)g(p)q(ermitted,)e Ff(W)18 b Fl(will)12 b(b)q(e)f(set)g(and)g -(the)g(memory)f(status)h(\(CST)0 2580 y(en)o(try\))e(of)i(the)f(a\013ected)f -(page)h(will)h(b)q(e)g(set)f(to)h(\\mo)q(di\014ed".)h(Th)o(us,)f(the)f -(Monitor)g(can)g(kno)o(w)g(whic)o(h)h(of)g(all)f(the)g(writable)g(pages)g -(are)0 2620 y(actually)f(di\013eren)o(t)g(than)i(their)f(represen)o(tatio)o -(n)f(on)i(the)f(bac)o(kup)g(medium.)p eop -%%Page: 245 49 -245 48 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(245)150 195 y Fz(3.7.1.4)48 b(P)o(age)15 b(Re\014ll)150 -307 y FC(The)g(re\014ll)g(of)f(a)g(mapping)f(in)o(to)h(the)h(P)o(ager)g(T)m -(ranslation)f(Bu\013er)i(is)f(p)q(erformed)f(b)o(y)h(ev)n(aluating)e(v)n -(arious)h(t)o(yp)q(es)150 357 y(of)i(p)q(oin)o(ters)g(found)g(in)g(sev)o -(eral)h(kinds)f(of)g(tables.)25 b(A)o(t)16 b(some)g(p)q(oin)o(t)f(in)h(the)h -(pro)q(cedure,)h(the)f(micro)q(co)q(de)f(m)o(ust)150 407 y(encoun)o(ter)212 -526 y FA(\017)21 b FC(a)13 b(\\page)h(address")h(that)f(iden)o(ti\014es)g -(the)h(section)f(map)f(for)g(the)i(sup)q(ersection,)212 609 -y FA(\017)21 b FC(a)13 b(second)i(page)f(address)h(that)f(iden)o(ti\014es)h -(the)f(page)g(map)e(for)i(the)g(section,)g(and)212 692 y FA(\017)21 -b FC(a)13 b(page)g(address)i(that)f(iden)o(ti\014es)f(the)h(on{bus)g(lo)q -(cation)e(of)h(the)h(page)g(corresp)q(onding)g(to)f(the)h(referenced)254 -742 y(virtual)f(page.)150 860 y(T)m(o)k(iden)o(tify)f(lo)q(cations,)i(a)f(P)o -(age{Address)i(W)m(ord)d(\(P)m(A)-5 b(W\))18 b(is)f(used.)30 -b(Although)17 b(this)g(data)h(item)e(is)h(called)g(a)150 910 -y(\\w)o(ord",)12 b(it)i(actually)e(consists)j(of)e(only)f(bits)i(5{35.)j(A)c -(P)m(A)-5 b(W)14 b(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)j(con)o(tained)g(in)f(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter,)h -(in)f(whic)o(h)g(case)150 960 y(bits)f(0{4)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(de\014ned)i(uses.) -19 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)12 b(a)g(P)m(A)-5 b(W)13 b(ma)o(y)d(exist)j(in)f(con)o -(texts)h(other)g(than)g(page)f(p)q(oin)o(ters;)h(in)f(suc)o(h)150 -1010 y(a)i(case,)g(the)g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(has)g(free)h(use)g(of)e(bits)h -(0{4.)j(A)d(P)m(A)-5 b(W)14 b(has)g(either)h(of)e(the)i(follo)o(wing)c(t)o(w) -o(o)i(formats:)p 451 1287 1287 2 v 451 1138 V 546 1316 a Fn(7)p -575 1286 2 150 v -100 w(5)p 450 1286 V 504 1224 a FB(0)588 -1316 y Fn(8)p 616 1286 V -17 w(8)p 575 1286 V 578 1224 a Fd(X)629 -1316 y Fn(9)p 658 1286 V -17 w(9)p 616 1286 V 619 1224 a Fd(D)704 -1316 y Fn(11)p 741 1286 V -75 w(10)p 658 1286 V 690 1224 a -FB(0)870 1316 y Fn(15)p 907 1286 V -158 w(12)p 741 1286 V 793 -1205 a Fd(Slot)760 1244 y(Numb)n(er)1700 1316 y Fn(35)p 1737 -1286 V -822 w(16)p 907 1286 V 1094 1196 a Fd(In{Mo)n(dule)e(A)n(ddr)n(ess)h -(of)h(Page)1118 1244 y(for)g(Mapping)f(\(Bits)h(7{26\))p 451 -1618 1287 2 v 451 1468 V 546 1647 a Fn(7)p 575 1617 2 150 v --100 w(5)p 450 1617 V 469 1536 a Fd(Non{)476 1574 y(Zer)n(o)1700 -1647 y Fn(35)p 1737 1617 V -1146 w(8)p 575 1617 V 825 1551 -a Fd(A)o(vailable)e(to)i(Softwar)n(e)f(\(Backup)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess\))150 -1747 y Fx(Bits)j(5{7)50 b FC(\()p Fu(PA\045NIM==:7B7)p FC(\))h(If)11 -b(this)g(\014eld)g(con)o(tains)h(all)e(zero)i(bits,)f(the)h(storage)g(medium) -d(is)i(\\memory":)349 1814 y(Bit)j(8)149 b(This)15 b(bit)f(\(mark)o(ed)f -Fx(X)21 b FC(in)14 b(the)i(diagram\))c(is)i(not)h(in)o(terpreted)h(b)o(y)e -(the)i(hardw)o(are;)e(it)590 1864 y(is)g(reserv)o(ed)i(for)d(soft)o(w)o(are)h -(use.)349 1950 y(Bit)g(9)149 b(\()p Fu(PA\045DEV==:1B9)p FC(\))61 -b(If)22 b Fx(D)k FC(is)21 b(zero,)j(the)f(page)f(is)f(in)h(memory:)31 -b(the)22 b(CPU)g(will)590 2000 y(access)i(this)f(page)f(b)o(y)g(bus)h(cycles) -h(of)d(the)i(t)o(yp)q(e)g(\\W)m(ord)p 1555 2000 13 2 v 14 w(W)m(rite")f(and)g -(\\W)m(ord)p 1924 2000 V 14 w(-)590 2049 y(Read)p 685 2049 -V 15 w(Request",)f(or)e(\\Line)p 1054 2049 V 15 w(W)m(rite")f(and)h(\\Line)p -1396 2049 V 15 w(Read)p 1504 2049 V 14 w(Request".)35 b(If)19 -b Fx(D)k FC(is)c(one,)590 2099 y(the)h(giv)o(en)f(page)g(is)g(in)g(the)g -(registers)i(of)e(a)g(p)q(eripheral)g(device:)30 b(the)19 b(device)h(will)590 -2149 y(b)q(e)g(accessed)h(b)o(y)d(means)g(of)g(the)h(bus)h(cycle)f(t)o(yp)q -(es)h(\\Device)p 1590 2149 V 15 w(Con)o(trol")e(and)g(\\De-)590 -2199 y(vice)p 662 2199 V 16 w(Status)p 793 2199 V 15 w(Request".)349 -2284 y(Bits)d(10{11)48 b(These)15 b(bits)f(are)h(reserv)o(ed)h(and)d(m)o(ust) -g(b)q(e)i(zero.)349 2370 y(Bits)g(12{15)48 b(\()p Fu(PA\045SLT==:17B15)p -FC(\))i(This)11 b(\014eld)g(is)g(the)g(bus)h(slot)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g -(the)i(device)g(in)e(whic)o(h)590 2420 y(the)15 b(memory)c(\(or)j -(registers\))i(reside.)349 2505 y(Bits)f(16{35)48 b(\()p Fu -(PA\045MPA==:3777777)p FC(\))56 b(This)17 b(\014eld)g(is)g(the)h(in{mo)q -(dule)d(page)i(address,)i(i.e.,)d(the)590 2555 y(page)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f -(within)g(the)h(selected)i(device,)e(that)g(this)g(P)m(A)-5 -b(W)14 b(refers)h(to.)p eop -%%Page: 246 50 -246 49 bop 0 50 a FC(246)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)199 195 y FC(If)c Fu(PA\045NIM)g -FC(con)o(tains)g(a)g(v)n(alue)g(other)h(than)g(zero,)g(this)g(P)m(A)-5 -b(W)10 b(refers)i(to)f(a)f(page)g(that)h(exists)g(elsewhere)199 -245 y(than)16 b(in)g(memory)m(.)22 b(The)17 b(micro)q(co)q(de)e(will)g -(create)j(a)e(not{in{mem)o(ory)d(page)j(failure)g(and)g(trap)g(to)199 -295 y(the)d(Monitor.)k(Bits)c(8{35)e(are)i(reserv)o(ed)i(for)d(use)h(b)o(y)f -(soft)o(w)o(are.)17 b(In)c(TOPS{20,)f(this)g(\014eld)g(iden)o(ti\014es)199 -345 y(the)j(bac)o(kup)f(medium)d(and)j(lo)q(cation)f(where)i(the)f(page)g(is) -g(stored.)1264 329 y Fn(18)0 486 y Fz(3.7.1.5)48 b(Sp)q(ecial)14 -b(T)l(ables)0 598 y FC(In)d(addition)g(to)g(the)h(sup)q(ersection)h(table)e -(\(con)o(tained)h(in)f(the)h(pro)q(cess)h(table\),)e(the)h(section)h(table,)e -(and)g(the)h(page)0 648 y(map,)f(the)i(page)g(re\014ll)g(mak)o(es)f(use)i(of) -e(t)o(w)o(o)g(prede\014ned)j(tables:)j(the)13 b(Sp)q(ecial)g(P)o(age{Address) -i(T)m(able)d(\(SPT\))h(and)0 698 y(the)j(memory)d(status)j(table)f(\(kno)o -(wn)g(as)g(CST,)g(for)g(\\core)h(status)g(table"\).)22 b(These)16 -b(are)g(soft)o(w)o(are{determined)0 748 y(tables)i(in)g(memory)m(,)e(but)i -(their)g(base)h(addresses)h(are)f(held)f(in)f(registers,)k(the)d(SPB)h(and)f -(CSB)g(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(,)0 798 y(kno)o(wn)13 b(to)h(the)h(page)f -(re\014ll)f(micro)q(co)q(de.)642 783 y Fn(19)0 883 y FC(The)h(Sp)q(ecial)f(P) -o(age{Address)i(T)m(able)d(con)o(tains)h(page)h(addresses)h(that)e(sp)q -(ecify)h(shared)g(pages)g(or)f(sp)q(ecial)h(pages)0 933 y(\(for)i(example,)f -(those)i(used)g(as)f(page)g(maps)f(or)h(other)h(soft)o(w)o(are{de\014ned)g -(tables\).)25 b(The)17 b(micro)q(co)q(de)e(accesses)0 983 y(sp)q(eci\014c)j -(en)o(tries)h(in)d(the)i(SPT)f(b)o(y)g(indexing)f(on)h(a)f(base)i(address)g -(\(a)f(bus)g(address:)26 b(4{bit)16 b(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(and)0 -1033 y(29{bit)d(in{mo)q(dule)f(address\))j(con)o(tained)f(in)f(the)i(SPT)f -(Base)h(register)g(\(SPB\).)k(The)c(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(format)e(pro)o(vides)0 -1083 y(for)i(an)h(index)g(of)f(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y{t)o(w)o(o)g(bits,)h(so)f -(the)i(SPT)f(can)g(actually)f(b)q(e)h(as)g(large)f(as)h(sixteen)h(sections.) -22 b(The)15 b(SPT)0 1132 y(m)o(ust)g(o)q(ccup)o(y)i(consecutiv)o(e)h(ph)o -(ysical)e(addresses;)j(it)d(need)h(not)f(b)q(e)h(page{aligned.)24 -b(En)o(tries)17 b(in)f(the)h(SPT)g(are)0 1182 y(the)d(format)e(of)g(a)i(P)o -(age)f(Address)i(W)m(ord,)d(as)i(describ)q(ed)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)j(Bits)c(0{4) -e(of)h(the)h(SPT)g(en)o(try)g(are)g(reserv)o(ed)h(for)0 1232 -y(soft)o(w)o(are.)0 1318 y(Information)e(ab)q(out)i(the)h(use)g(made)e(b)o(y) -i(programs)e(of)g(the)i(v)n(arious)f(memory)e(pages)j(is)f(k)o(ept)h(in)e -(the)i(memory)0 1367 y(status)e(table.)j(In)c(ev)o(ery)h(re\014ll,)f(the)g -(micro)q(co)q(de)g(up)q(dates)h(CST)f(en)o(tries)h(for)f(the)g(section)h -(table,)e(the)i(page)f(map,)0 1417 y(and)f(the)h(actual)f(page)h(referenced)i -(b)o(y)d(the)h(program.)j(The)d(CST)f(en)o(try)i(for)e(a)g(page)g(is)h(a)f(w) -o(ord;)g(it)g(is)g(referenced)0 1467 y(b)o(y)j(adding)g(the)h(\\linear)f -(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er")e(\(LPN\))i(of)f(the)h(page)g(b)q(eing)f(referenced) -j(to)e(a)f(base)h(address)h(\(whic)o(h)0 1517 y(is)d(a)h(BA)-5 -b(W\))15 b(con)o(tained)g(in)f(the)h(CST)g(Base)g(register)h(\(CSB\).)21 -b(Eac)o(h)15 b(page)g(of)f(ph)o(ysical)g(memory)e(requires)k(one)0 -1567 y(w)o(ord)e(of)f(CST.)g(Note)h(that)g(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)e(do)q(es)h -(not)g(manipulate)e(CST)h(en)o(tries)i(for)f(the)g(pro)q(cess)i(tables,)d -(the)0 1616 y(SPT,)h(or)g(the)h(CST)g(itself)f(unless)h(they)g(are)f -(actually)g(referenced)i(b)o(y)f(the)f(program;)f(that)h(is,)g(unless)h(the)g -(re\014ll)0 1666 y(is)f(b)q(eing)f(p)q(erformed)h(for)f(a)g(program)f -(reference)17 b(to)c(one)h(of)f(the)h(tables.)19 b(The)14 b(CST)g(m)o(ust)e -(o)q(ccup)o(y)j(consecutiv)o(e)0 1716 y(ph)o(ysical)e(addresses)j(in)e(one)g -(ph)o(ysical)f(memory)f(mo)q(dule)g(\(slot\);)i(it)f(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h -(page{aligned.)0 1802 y(The)j(calculation)e(of)h(the)i(linear)e(page)g(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er,)g(the)h(index)g(to)f(the)h(CST,)f(is)h(p)q(erformed)f(b)o(y)g -(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)0 1851 y(based)12 b(on)g(the)g(con\014guration)f(of)g -(ph)o(ysical)g(memory)m(.)j(When)e(memory)d(is)j(con\014gured)g(at)g(system)f -(initialization,)0 1901 y(a)17 b(base)i(linear)e(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(\(and)h(v)n(alidit)o(y)d(\015ag\))j(is)f(asso)q(ciated)h(with)g(eac)o(h)g -(slot)f(that)h(con)o(tains)f(memory)m(.)0 1951 y(The)d(LPN)g(for)f(a)h(giv)o -(en)f(address)i(is)e(calculated)h(b)o(y)g(adding)f(the)h(base)g(linear)f -(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(the)h(slot)g(to)f(the)0 2001 -y(in{mo)q(dule)f(page)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(\(bits)h(7{26)f(of)g(the)i(in{mo)q -(dule)c(address\).)0 2086 y(CST)j(references)j(are)d(omitted)e(in)i(sev)o -(eral)g(instances:)62 2195 y FA(\017)21 b FC(When)14 b(the)g(CST)g(Base)h -(Register)f(con)o(tains)g(zero,)g(as)g(during)g(system)g(initialization.)62 -2274 y FA(\017)21 b FC(When)15 b(a)f(page)g(address)i(in)e(whic)o(h)h -Fx(D)j FC(is)d(1)f(is)g(encoun)o(tered.)22 b(This)15 b(is)f(a)g(reference)j -(to)e(the)g(I/O)f(registers)104 2323 y(of)f(a)h(p)q(eripheral)g(device,)g -(not)g(to)g(main)e(memory)m(.)p 0 2353 720 2 v 31 2380 a Fm(18)64 -2392 y Fl(Application)d(note:)15 b(In)c(TOPS{20,)h(the)f(bac)o(kup)e(medium)h -(and)h(lo)q(cation)f(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)i(either)e(in)i(sw)o(apping)e(space,)g -(the)i(\\drum",)0 2431 y(or)i(it)f(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)g(the)h(disk)f(address)f -(of)h(shareable)f(\014le)h(page.)21 b(Hence,)14 b(the)f(format)f(of)i(a)f -(bac)o(kup)f(address)h(is)g(similar)g(to)g(the)g(data)0 2471 -y(found)d(in)h(index)f(and)h(sup)q(erindex)d(pages)j(of)g(disk)g(\014les.)31 -2499 y Fm(19)64 2510 y Fl(All)h(memory)e(tables)g(de\014ned)g(b)o(y)i(the)f -(pager)f(are)i(in)f(the)h(bus)f(address)f(space;)h(i.e.,)h(they)e(ha)o(v)o(e) -h(base)g(addresses)f(that)h(include)0 2550 y(a)i(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e -(and)i(a)g(29{bit)f(in{mo)q(dule)e(address.)19 b(Of)14 b(course,)e(to)h(load) -f(or)i(access)e(suc)o(h)g(a)h(table,)g(the)f(Monitor)g(customarily)0 -2589 y(uses)e(paged)g(virtual{add)o(resse)o(s.)i(When)f(the)f(base)g(address) -g(is)h(limited)e(to)h(a)h(page)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(\(in{mo)q(dule)f(address)h -(bits)i(7{26\),)e(the)0 2629 y(table)h(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)g(aligned)e(on)i(a)h -(page)e(b)q(oundary)m(.)p eop -%%Page: 247 51 -247 50 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(247)212 195 y FA(\017)21 b FC(When)12 b(a)f(page)h(address)h -(giv)o(es)f(a)f(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(that)h(do)q(es)g(not)g(corresp)q -(ond)i(to)d(a)h(main)e(memory)f(mo)q(dule.)254 245 y(This)15 -b(is)g(a)g(reference)i(to)e(memory)e(space)j(within)f(a)f(p)q(eripheral)i -(device.)23 b(The)15 b(CST)h(up)q(date)f(is)g(omitted)254 295 -y(b)q(ecause)g(the)g(base)f(linear)g(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(the)i(p)q -(eripheral's)f(slot)g(will)e(b)q(e)i(mark)o(ed)f(as)h(in)o(v)n(alid.)150 -413 y(When)g(a)g(CST)g(reference)i(is)e(omitted,)e(the)i(memory)e(reference)k -(will)c(not)i(b)q(e)h(cac)o(heable.)150 499 y(The)f(status)h(of)e(a)h(page)g -(in)f(ph)o(ysical)h(memory)d(is)j(indicated)g(b)o(y)f(a)h(CST)g(en)o(try)g -(in)g(this)g(format:)p 150 647 1495 2 v 149 647 2 75 v 150 -573 1495 2 v 1644 647 2 75 v 274 659 2 13 v 398 659 V 523 659 -V 647 659 V 772 659 V 896 667 2 21 v 1021 659 2 13 v 1145 659 -V 1270 659 V 1394 659 V 1519 659 V 495 677 a Fn(8)p 523 647 -2 75 v -350 w(0)p 149 647 V 239 624 a Fx(State)h(Co)n(de)1524 -677 y Fn(33)p 1561 647 V -1022 w(9)p 523 647 V 851 620 a Fx(A)o(vailable)g -(to)f(Softwar)n(e)1524 677 y Fn(33)p 1561 647 V -34 w(33)p -1519 647 V 1522 623 a Fx(C)1566 677 y Fn(34)p 1602 647 V -34 -w(34)p 1561 647 V 1557 623 a Fx(W)1607 677 y Fn(35)p 1644 647 -V -34 w(35)p 1602 647 V 1601 623 a Fx(M)150 781 y(State)150 -831 y(Co)n(de)363 781 y FC(The)19 b(Monitor)g(k)o(eeps)h(a)e(state)i(co)q(de) -f(in)g(bits)f(0{8)g(\()p Fu(CST\045SC==:777B9)p FC(\))f(of)h(the)h(en)o(try)m -(.)33 b(Within)363 831 y(the)17 b(state)g(co)q(de)g(\014eld,)g(bits)f(0{5)g -(\()p Fu(CST\045AG==:77B5)p FC(\))e(represen)o(t)k(the)f(page)g(age,)f(whic)o -(h)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)363 880 y(non{zero)h(for)f(the)h(page)g(to)f(b)q(e)h -(usable,)g(whether)h(it)e(is)g(a)g(program{referenced)i(page,)e(the)h(page) -363 930 y(map,)c(or)i(the)g(section)h(map.)363 980 y(If)10 -b(bits)g(0{5)f(are)i(zero,)g(the)f(micro)q(co)q(de)g(re\014ll)g(pro)q(cedure) -i(will)c(mak)o(e)h(an)g(age)h(trap)g(to)g(the)h(Monitor.)1916 -965 y Fn(20)150 1076 y Fx(A)o(vailable)150 1125 y(to)150 1175 -y(Softwar)n(e)363 1076 y FC(The)g(Monitor)f(can)h(use)h(this)e(part)h(of)f(a) -g(CST)h(en)o(try)g(for)f(an)o(y)g(purp)q(ose.)18 b(In)11 b(TOPS{20,)f(the)h -(Monitor)363 1125 y(records)16 b(whic)o(h)d(pro)q(cesses)k(use)e(the)f(page.) -150 1271 y Fx(C)183 b Fu(CST\045CB==:1B33)53 b FC(A)14 b(1)g(in)g(the)h -Fx(C)20 b FC(bit)13 b(indicates)i(that)f(the)h(page)f(is)g(cac)o(heable.)20 -b(When)14 b(a)g(pager)363 1321 y(re\014ll)f(o)q(ccurs,)h(the)g(micro)q(co)q -(de)e(copies)i(this)f(bit)f(in)o(to)h(the)g Fx(C)19 b FC(cac)o(heable)14 -b(bit)e(of)h(the)g(page)g(mapping)363 1370 y(data)h(held)g(in)f(the)i(PTB.) -150 1456 y Fx(W)172 b Fu(CST\045WB==:1B34)51 b FC(A)13 b(1)f(in)f(the)i -Fx(W)20 b FC(bit)12 b(indicates)h(write)f(p)q(ermission;)g(if)f(all)g(other)i -(write)g(p)q(ermis-)363 1506 y(sions)h(relating)g(to)f(this)h(page)g(are)g -(1,)f(then)i(the)g(page)e(is)h(writable.)1426 1491 y Fn(21)150 -1591 y Fx(M)176 b Fu(CST\045MB==:1B35)58 b FC(A)18 b(1)g(in)h(the)g -Fx(M)25 b FC(bit)18 b(indicates)h(that)g(the)g(page)g(has)f(b)q(een)i(mo)q -(di\014ed)d(since)363 1641 y(b)q(eing)12 b(brough)o(t)f(in)o(to)g(memory)m(.) -866 1626 y Fn(2)o(2)916 1641 y FC(The)h(micro)q(co)q(de)f(sets)i(this)e(bit)h -(in)f(the)h(en)o(try)g(for)f(the)h(referenced)363 1691 y(page|not)j(that)h -(for)f(the)h(page)f(map,)f(section)i(table,)f(or)h(sup)q(ersection)h -(table|if)d(the)i(reference)363 1741 y(is)d(a)g(write)h(and)f(the)g(page)h -(is)f(writable.)k(When)c(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)f(sets)h(this)f(bit,)g(it)g -(also)f(sets)j(the)f Fx(W)363 1791 y FC(\(writable\))g(bit)g(in)f(the)i(page) -e(mapping)f(data)i(held)g(in)f(the)i(PTB.)150 1894 y(The)e(micro)q(co)q(de)g -(up)q(dates)h(the)f(CST)g(en)o(try)h(b)o(y)e(ANDing)g(the)i(CST)f(mask{w)o -(ord)e(in)o(to)h(it)h(and)f(ORing)g(the)i(CST)150 1944 y(pro)q(cess{use)h -(register)f(w)o(ord)e(in)o(to)g(that)h(result.)18 b(These)c(t)o(w)o(o)e(w)o -(ords)h(are)g(held)g(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)h(in)e(the)i(CST)e(Mask{)150 -1994 y(W)m(ord)h(Register)h(\(CSTM\))g(and)g(the)h(CST)e(Pro)q(cess{Use)k -(Register)d(\(PUR\).)g(Bits)g(33{35)f(in)g(them)g(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(all)150 -2043 y(1s)j(or)g(all)f(0s)h(as)g(illustrated,)g(in)f(order)i(to)f(preserv)o -(e)i(the)e(information)d(that)j(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)e(records)j(in)d(the) -150 2093 y(CST)e(\(the)h Fx(C)6 b FC(,)13 b Fx(W)8 b FC(,)14 -b(and)g Fx(M)21 b FC(bits\).)d(T)o(ypically)m(,)12 b(bits)i(0{5)f(of)h(the)g -(CST)g(mask)f(w)o(ord)h(are)g(zero)h(so)g(that)f(the)g(data)150 -2143 y(in)f(the)i(PUR)f(will)e(supply)i(a)g(new)g(page)g(age)g(\014eld)f(for) -h(the)g(CST)g(en)o(try)m(.)p 150 2291 1495 2 v 149 2291 2 75 -v 150 2217 1495 2 v 1644 2291 2 75 v 274 2303 2 13 v 398 2303 -V 523 2303 V 647 2303 V 772 2303 V 896 2311 2 21 v 1021 2303 -2 13 v 1145 2303 V 1270 2303 V 1394 2303 V 1519 2303 V 1483 -2321 a Fn(32)p 1519 2291 2 75 v -1355 w(0)p 149 2291 V 682 -2268 a Fx(CST)g(Mask)i(Wor)n(d)1607 2321 y Fn(35)p 1644 2291 -V -117 w(33)p 1519 2291 V 1530 2267 a FC(1)21 b(1)f(1)p 150 -2384 720 2 v 181 2410 a Fm(20)214 2422 y Fl(The)12 b(TOPS{20)f(Monitor)g -(uses)h(zero)f(age)g(to)h(denote)e(a)i(page)f(that)g(is)h(idle.)k(Other)c(v)n -(alues)e(enco)q(ded)g(in)i(bits)f(6{8)h(\(while)f(bits)150 -2462 y(0{5)g(are)g(zero\))f(denote)f(other)i(transien)o(t)e(states)h(in)h -(whic)o(h)g(the)g(page)f(is)i(not)f(y)o(et)f(a)o(v)n(ailable)g(for)g -(reference.)181 2489 y Fm(21)214 2501 y Fl(The)h(write)g(p)q(ermission)e(for) -i(a)g(page)g(is)g(determined)e(b)o(y)i(the)f(pager)g(re\014ll)h(pro)q -(cedure,)d(Section)i(3.7.1.7.)181 2529 y Fm(22)214 2541 y Fl(A)o(t)h(v)n -(arious)e(times,)g(the)i(Monitor)e(c)o(hec)o(ks)h(the)g(CST)h(to)g(determine) -d(whic)o(h)i(pages)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)h(mo)q(di\014ed,)e(so)j(that)f -(they)g(can)g(b)q(e)150 2580 y(rewritten)g(on)h(the)g(disk.)j(After)d -(writing)g(the)g(page)f(to)h(the)g(disk,)f(the)h(Monitor)f(will)i(clear)e -(this)h(bit.)p eop -%%Page: 248 52 -248 51 bop 0 50 a FC(248)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)p 0 254 1495 2 v -1 253 -2 75 v 0 179 1495 2 v 1494 253 2 75 v 124 266 2 13 v 248 266 -V 373 266 V 497 266 V 622 266 V 746 274 2 21 v 871 266 2 13 -v 995 266 V 1120 266 V 1244 266 V 1369 266 V 1333 283 a Fn(32)p -1369 253 2 75 v -1355 w(0)p -1 253 V 446 226 a Fx(CST)h(Pr)n(o)n(c)n(ess{Use) -f(R)n(e)n(gister)1457 283 y Fn(35)p 1494 253 V -117 w(33)p -1369 253 V 1380 229 a FC(0)21 b(0)f(0)0 405 y(Indirect)14 b(p)q(oin)o(ters)f -(mak)o(e)f(use)h(of)g(tables)g(whose)g(lo)q(cations)f(are)i(de\014ned)g(en)o -(tirely)f(b)o(y)f(the)i(Monitor.)j(In)c(a)f(single)0 455 y(re\014ll,)k(these) -i(ma)o(y)d(include)h(one)h(or)f(more)g(secondary)h(sup)q(ersection)i(tables,) -e(section)g(tables,)g(or)f(page)h(maps.)0 505 y(Eac)o(h)f(suc)o(h)g(table)f -(or)g(map)f(is)h(determined)h(b)o(y)f(a)g(bus{page)g(address)i(and)e(a)g -(9{bit)g(index)g(and)g(is)g(therefore)i(a)0 555 y(single)11 -b(page.)18 b(Memory)11 b(status)h(is)g(k)o(ept)g(for)f(the)i(section)f -(tables)g(and)g(page)g(maps)e(referenced)15 b(in)c(the)h(ev)n(aluation)0 -604 y(of)18 b(indirect)i(p)q(oin)o(ters.)33 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)21 -b(memory)16 b(status)k(is)f(not)f(k)o(ept)i(for)e(an)o(y)h(secondary)h(sup)q -(ersection)h(tables)0 654 y(\(pro)q(cess)16 b(tables\))e(encoun)o(tered)i(in) -d(the)i(ev)n(aluation)d(of)i(indirect)g(p)q(oin)o(ters.)0 798 -y Fz(3.7.1.6)48 b(P)o(aging)14 b(P)o(oin)o(ters)0 910 y FC(The)i(micro)q(co)q -(de)f(ev)n(aluates)h(three)g(kinds)g(of)f(p)q(oin)o(ters:)21 -b(sup)q(ersection)d(p)q(oin)o(ters,)e(section)g(p)q(oin)o(ters,)g(and)g(map)0 -960 y(p)q(oin)o(ters.)k(Mem)o(b)q(ers)14 b(of)g(these)h(three)h(classes)f -(are)g(iden)o(tical)e(in)h(form)f(but)h(di\013er)h(enough)f(in)g(function)g -(so)g(that)0 1010 y(they)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(treated)g(separately)m(.)0 -1095 y(There)j(are)f(four)f(t)o(yp)q(es)h(of)f(eac)o(h)h(of)f(the)h(three)h -(kinds)e(of)g(p)q(oin)o(ters.)26 b(Eac)o(h)17 b(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f(p)q(oin)o -(ter)h(is)f(distinguished)0 1145 y(b)o(y)i(a)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(co)q(de)h(in)e -(bits)i(0{1.)29 b(Three)19 b(t)o(yp)q(es)g(are)g(access)g(p)q(oin)o(ters;)i -(i.e.,)c(they)i(allo)o(w)d(access)k(to)e(the)g(giv)o(en)0 1195 -y(sup)q(ersection,)d(section,)g(or)e(page;)h(the)g(other)h(t)o(yp)q(e)f(sp)q -(eci\014es)i(that)e(there)h(is)f(no)g(access)h(to)f(the)g(giv)o(en)g(ob)r -(ject.)0 1281 y(An)g(access)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)e(has)g(this)g(format)e(in)h(its) -h(leftmost)f(\014v)o(e)h(bits:)p 0 1516 250 2 v -1 1515 2 150 -v 0 1367 250 2 v 248 1515 2 150 v 3 1451 a(T)o(yp)q(e)p 99 -1515 V 100 1455 a Fx(W)p 149 1515 V 153 1436 a(Soft{)158 1474 -y(war)n(e)12 1547 y Fl(0)40 b(1)28 b(2)f(3)41 b(4)0 1645 y -Fx(T)m(yp)n(e)119 b Fu(PPW\045TY==:3B1)51 b FC(This)12 b(\014eld)g -(determines)h(whic)o(h)f(t)o(yp)q(e)h(of)e(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(this)h(is,)e -(either)i(no)f(access,)i(im-)204 1695 y(mediate,)e(shared,)h(or)g(indirect.) -19 b(\(In)13 b(a)g(no{access)h(p)q(oin)o(ter,)f(bits)g(2{35)f(are)i(a)o(v)n -(ailable)c(to)j(sofw)o(are.\))0 1781 y Fx(W)163 b Fu(PPW\045WB==:1B2)55 -b FC(This)16 b(is)g(the)h(write)f(bit.)24 b(It)17 b(indicates)f(whether)h(or) -f(not)g(an)o(y)g(of)f(the)i(pages)f(in)204 1831 y(the)i(sup)q(ersection)h(or) -e(section,)i(or)e(the)h(page)f(itself,)g(is)g(writable.)28 -b(Throughout)17 b(the)g(ev)n(aluation)204 1880 y(pro)q(cedure,)g(the)f(micro) -q(co)q(de)e(e\013ectiv)o(ely)i(ANDs)g(this)f(bit)g(from)e(one)i(p)q(oin)o -(ter)h(to)f(the)g(next;)h(if)e(the)204 1930 y(page)j(is)f(to)h(b)q(e)g -(writable,)f(then)h(this)g(bit)f(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(set)g -(to)g(1)f(at)g(ev)o(ery)i(step.)27 b(In)16 b(other)204 1980 -y(w)o(ords,)e(if)f Fx(W)21 b FC(is)14 b(1)f(in)g(the)i(\014nal)e(p)q(oin)o -(ter)h(for)f(the)h(mapping,)d(the)k(page)e(is)h(writable)f(pro)o(vided)h -(that)204 2030 y(the)f(en)o(tire)h(section)f(w)o(as)g(also)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i -(as)f(writable)f(b)o(y)g(the)h(original)e(section)j(p)q(oin)o(ter,)e(as)h(w)o -(ell)f(as)204 2080 y(b)o(y)f(the)h(sup)q(ersection)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)e(and)g(b) -o(y)g(ev)o(ery)h(other)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(encoun)o(tered)i(during)e(the)g(ev)n -(aluation)204 2129 y(pro)q(cedure.)20 b(\(This)12 b(allo)o(ws)g(the)h(same)f -(page)h(to)f(app)q(ear)h(writable)g(to)f(one)h(pro)q(cess)i(and)d(un)o -(writable)204 2179 y(to)i(another:)k(not)c(all)f(users)i(of)e(the)i(same)e -(page)h(need)h(ha)o(v)o(e)e(the)i(same)e(access)j(to)d(the)i(page.\))0 -2265 y Fx(Sofwar)n(e)63 b FC(Bits)14 b(3{4)g(of)f(the)h(access)i(p)q(oin)o -(ters)e(are)h(reserv)o(ed)h(for)d(soft)o(w)o(are)h(use.)0 2368 -y(Ev)o(ery)i(access)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(m)o(ust)e(also)h(con)o(tain)g(either)i -(a)e(bus{page)h(address)g(or)g(a)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(to)f(an)g(SPT)h(lo)q -(cation)0 2418 y(that)d(con)o(tains)f(a)g(bus{page)h(address.)19 -b(A)12 b(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(that)f(con)o(tains)h(information)c(other)14 -b(than)e(bus{page)h(address)0 2468 y(\(e.g.,)18 b(a)f(no{access)i(p)q(oin)o -(ter)f(or)g(an)f(immedia)o(te)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)i(that)f(sp)q(eci\014es)j(a)d -(bac)o(kup)h(address\))h(will)d(stop)i(the)0 2518 y(page)c(re\014ll)g(and)f -(cause)i(a)f(page{fail)e(trap.)18 b(Suc)o(h)c(traps)h(do)e(not)h(necessarily) -h(result)g(from)d(errors,)j(but)f(they)g(do)0 2567 y(represen)o(t)k -(conditions)e(that)g(are)g(b)q(ey)o(ond)h(the)f(abilit)o(y)e(of)i(the)g -(micro)q(co)q(de)g(to)g(handle)f(and)h(so)g(are)h(handed)f(to)0 -2617 y(the)e(Monitor.)p eop -%%Page: 249 53 -249 52 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(249)150 195 y Fy(Sup)r(ersection)17 b(P)n(oin)n(ters.)h -FC(En)o(tries)d(in)f(a)f(sup)q(ersection)j(table)e(are)g(of)g(these)h(t)o(yp) -q(es:)p 399 474 1495 2 v 398 473 2 150 v 399 324 1495 2 v 1893 -473 2 150 v 523 485 2 13 v 647 485 V 772 485 V 896 485 V 1021 -485 V 1145 494 2 21 v 1270 485 2 13 v 1394 485 V 1519 485 V -1644 485 V 1768 485 V 453 503 a Fn(1)p 481 473 2 150 v -58 -w(0)p 398 473 V 431 410 a FB(0)1856 503 y Fn(35)p 1893 473 -V -1395 w(2)p 481 473 V 1011 408 a Fd(A)o(vailable)c(to)i(Softwar)n(e)150 -412 y Fx(No)i(A)n(c)n(c)n(ess)150 621 y FC(This)f(sup)q(ersection)i(is)d -(inaccessible.)19 b Fu(PPW.NO==:0)160 812 y Fx(Imme)n(diate)150 -853 y(In{Memory)p 399 898 1495 2 v 398 897 2 150 v 399 748 -1495 2 v 1893 897 2 150 v 523 910 2 13 v 647 910 V 772 910 -V 896 910 V 1021 910 V 1145 918 2 21 v 1270 910 2 13 v 1394 -910 V 1519 910 V 1644 910 V 1768 910 V 453 927 a Fn(1)p 481 -897 2 150 v -58 w(0)p 398 897 V 431 834 a FB(1)495 927 y Fn(2)p -523 897 V -17 w(2)p 481 897 V 480 835 a Fd(W)578 927 y Fn(4)p -606 897 V -59 w(3)p 523 897 V 534 835 a Fd(Swr)702 927 y Fn(7)p -730 897 V -100 w(5)p 606 897 V 659 834 a FB(0)744 927 y Fn(8)p -772 897 V -17 w(8)p 730 897 V 734 835 a Fd(X)785 927 y Fn(9)p -813 897 V -17 w(9)p 772 897 V 784 834 a FB(0)860 927 y Fn(11)p -896 897 V -76 w(10)p 813 897 V 846 834 a FB(0)1026 927 y Fn(15)p -1062 897 V -159 w(12)p 896 897 V 948 816 a Fd(Slot)915 855 -y(Numb)n(er)1856 927 y Fn(35)p 1893 897 V -823 w(16)p 1062 -897 V 1178 809 a Fd(In{Mo)n(dule)11 b(A)n(ddr)n(ess)h(of)h(Se)n(ction)e(T)m -(able)1399 854 y(Bits)i(7{26)150 1045 y FC(An)h(immediate)d(sup)q(ersection) -16 b(p)q(oin)o(ter)e(\()p Fu(PPW.IM==:1)p FC(\))e(con)o(tains)i(the)h(page)f -(address)h(of)e(the)i(section)f(table.)k(If)150 1095 y(bits)g(5{7)e(\()p -Fu(PA\045NIM)p FC(\))h(are)h(zero,)h(the)f(section)g(table)f(is)h(in)f(the)h -(page)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f(bits)f(12{15)g(and)g(16{35)f(\(a)150 -1145 y(bus{page)e(address\).)20 b(Bit)13 b(8)h(\()p Fx(X)p -FC(\))g(is)g(not)g(in)o(terpreted)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(hardw)o(are;)g(it)g(is)f(a) -o(v)n(ailable)f(for)i(soft)o(w)o(are)f(use.)160 1318 y Fx(Imme)n(diate)222 -1359 y(Not)150 1400 y(In{Memory)p 399 1424 1495 2 v 398 1423 -2 150 v 399 1275 1495 2 v 1893 1423 2 150 v 523 1436 2 13 v -647 1436 V 772 1436 V 896 1436 V 1021 1436 V 1145 1444 2 21 -v 1270 1436 2 13 v 1394 1436 V 1519 1436 V 1644 1436 V 1768 -1436 V 453 1453 a Fn(1)p 481 1423 2 150 v -58 w(0)p 398 1423 -V 431 1360 a FB(1)495 1453 y Fn(2)p 523 1423 V -17 w(2)p 481 -1423 V 480 1361 a Fd(W)578 1453 y Fn(4)p 606 1423 V -59 w(3)p -523 1423 V 534 1361 a Fd(Swr)702 1453 y Fn(7)p 730 1423 V -100 -w(5)p 606 1423 V 624 1342 a Fd(Non{)631 1380 y(Zer)n(o)1856 -1453 y Fn(35)p 1893 1423 V -1146 w(8)p 730 1423 V 981 1358 -a Fd(A)o(vailable)d(to)j(Softwar)n(e)g(\(Backup)e(A)n(ddr)n(ess\))150 -1571 y FC(If)i(bits)h(5{7)f(\()p Fu(PA\045NIM)p FC(\))g(con)o(tain)g(a)h -(non{zero)g(v)n(alue,)e(the)j(section)f(table)g(is)f(not)h(in)f(memory)e(and) -j(bits)g(8{35)f(are)150 1621 y(a)o(v)n(ailable)f(to)h(soft)o(w)o(are.)p -399 1890 1495 2 v 398 1889 2 150 v 399 1740 1495 2 v 1893 1889 -2 150 v 523 1901 2 13 v 647 1901 V 772 1901 V 896 1901 V 1021 -1901 V 1145 1910 2 21 v 1270 1901 2 13 v 1394 1901 V 1519 1901 -V 1644 1901 V 1768 1901 V 453 1919 a Fn(1)p 481 1889 2 150 -v -58 w(0)p 398 1889 V 431 1826 a FB(2)495 1919 y Fn(2)p 523 -1889 V -17 w(2)p 481 1889 V 480 1827 a Fd(W)578 1919 y Fn(4)p -606 1889 V -59 w(3)p 523 1889 V 534 1827 a Fd(Swr)943 1919 -y Fn(13)p 979 1889 V -358 w(5)p 606 1889 V 720 1827 a Fd(R)n(eserve)n(d)1856 -1919 y Fn(35)p 1893 1889 V -906 w(14)p 979 1889 V 1147 1801 -a Fd(Index)f(to)h(SPT)h(L)n(o)n(c)n(ation)d(Containing)1184 -1846 y(Page)i(A)n(ddr)n(ess)e(of)i(Se)n(ction)f(T)m(able)150 -1829 y Fx(Shar)n(e)n(d)150 2037 y FC(The)22 b(bus{page)f(address)i(of)e(the)h -(section)g(table)f(is)g(in)g(the)h(SPT)f(at)h(the)g(o\013set)g(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e(bits)g(14{35)150 2087 y(\()p Fu(PPW\045SI==:17777777)p -FC(\).)k(This)17 b(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(is)g(used)h(for)f(a)g(section)h(table)f -(shared)h(b)o(y)f(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(pro)q(cesses.)150 -2136 y(Switc)o(hing)c(to)h(another)g(map)f(requires)i(c)o(hanging)e(only)g -(the)h(common)d(SPT)k(en)o(try)m(.)j Fu(PPW.SH==:2)p 399 2414 -1495 2 v 398 2413 2 150 v 399 2264 1495 2 v 1893 2413 2 150 -v 523 2425 2 13 v 647 2425 V 772 2425 V 896 2425 V 1021 2425 -V 1145 2433 2 21 v 1270 2425 2 13 v 1394 2425 V 1519 2425 V -1644 2425 V 1768 2425 V 453 2443 a Fn(1)p 481 2413 2 150 v --58 w(0)p 398 2413 V 430 2351 a FC(3)495 2443 y Fn(2)p 523 -2413 V -17 w(2)p 481 2413 V 478 2352 a Fx(W)578 2443 y Fn(4)p -606 2413 V -59 w(3)p 523 2413 V 531 2352 a Fx(Swr)943 2443 -y Fn(13)p 979 2413 V -358 w(5)p 606 2413 V 681 2327 a Fx(Sup)n(erse)n(ction) -688 2377 y(T)m(able)d(Index)1856 2443 y Fn(35)p 1893 2413 V --906 w(14)p 979 2413 V 1072 2324 a Fx(Index)h(to)f(SPT)g(L)n(o)n(c)n(ation)g -(Containing)g(Page)1086 2373 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(of)g(A)o(nother)f(Sup)n(erse)n -(ction)i(T)m(able)150 2352 y(Indir)n(e)n(ct)150 2561 y FC(In)c(the)g(SPT)g -(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d(bits)h(14{35)f(\()p -Fu(PPW\045SI)p FC(\))f(is)i(the)g(page)g(address)h(of)f(a)f(secondary)i(sup)q -(ersection)150 2610 y(table.)27 b(The)17 b(next)g(sup)q(ersection)i(p)q(oin)o -(ter)e(to)g(b)q(e)g(ev)n(aluated)g(is)g(in)f(that)h(table)g(at)f(the)i(lo)q -(cation)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)p eop -%%Page: 250 54 -250 53 bop 0 50 a FC(250)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FC(bits)k(5{13)g(\()p -Fu(PPW\045PI==:777B13)p FC(\).)28 b(A)18 b(nine{bit)g(\014eld)h(for)f(the)h -(Sup)q(ersection)h(T)m(able)d(Index)i(is)f(pro)o(vided)g(for)0 -245 y(compatibilit)o(y)13 b(with)j(the)h(section)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(indirect)f -(and)g(map)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(indirect)h(t)o(yp)q(es;)h(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)e -(the)h(legal)0 295 y(v)n(alues)g(for)h(the)g(Sup)q(ersection)h(T)m(able)e -(Index)h(are)h(con\014ned)f(to)g(the)g(range)g(540{547,)e(corresp)q(onding)j -(to)e(the)0 345 y(lo)q(cation)c(of)g(the)i(sup)q(ersection)h(p)q(oin)o(ters)e -(in)g(a)f(pro)q(cess)j(table.)i Fu(PPW.IN==:3)0 430 y FC(Indirect)h(p)q(oin)o -(ters)g(are)f(used)h(for)f(Monitor)f(reference)k(to)d(p)q(er{job)g(and)g(p)q -(er{pro)q(cess)j(areas.)31 b(The)18 b(p)q(oin)o(ters)0 480 -y(remain)11 b(while)i(the)g(secondary)h(sup)q(ersection)h(table)d(is)h(sw)o -(app)q(ed)g(with)g(the)g(job)f(or)h(pro)q(cess,)h(or)f(the)g(SPT)g(en)o(try)0 -530 y(is)h(c)o(hanged.)0 669 y Fy(Section)k(P)n(oin)n(ters.)g -FC(En)o(tries)d(in)e(a)h(section)g(table)g(are)h(of)e(these)i(t)o(yp)q(es:)p -249 946 1495 2 v 248 945 2 150 v 249 797 1495 2 v 1743 945 -2 150 v 373 958 2 13 v 497 958 V 622 958 V 746 958 V 871 958 -V 995 966 2 21 v 1120 958 2 13 v 1244 958 V 1369 958 V 1494 -958 V 1618 958 V 303 975 a Fn(1)p 331 945 2 150 v -58 w(0)p -248 945 V 281 883 a FB(0)1706 975 y Fn(35)p 1743 945 V -1395 -w(2)p 331 945 V 861 880 a Fd(A)o(vailable)c(to)i(Softwar)n(e)0 -885 y Fx(No)i(A)n(c)n(c)n(ess)0 1093 y FC(This)f(section)g(is)g -(inaccessible.)10 1276 y Fx(Imme)n(diate)0 1317 y(In{Memory)p -249 1362 1495 2 v 248 1361 2 150 v 249 1213 1495 2 v 1743 1361 -2 150 v 373 1374 2 13 v 497 1374 V 622 1374 V 746 1374 V 871 -1374 V 995 1382 2 21 v 1120 1374 2 13 v 1244 1374 V 1369 1374 -V 1494 1374 V 1618 1374 V 303 1391 a Fn(1)p 331 1361 2 150 -v -58 w(0)p 248 1361 V 281 1299 a FB(1)345 1391 y Fn(2)p 373 -1361 V -17 w(2)p 331 1361 V 330 1299 a Fd(W)428 1391 y Fn(4)p -456 1361 V -59 w(3)p 373 1361 V 384 1299 a Fd(Swr)552 1391 -y Fn(7)p 580 1361 V -100 w(5)p 456 1361 V 509 1299 a FB(0)594 -1391 y Fn(8)p 622 1361 V -17 w(8)p 580 1361 V 584 1299 a Fd(X)635 -1391 y Fn(9)p 663 1361 V -17 w(9)p 622 1361 V 634 1299 a FB(0)710 -1391 y Fn(11)p 746 1361 V -76 w(10)p 663 1361 V 696 1299 a -FB(0)876 1391 y Fn(15)p 912 1361 V -159 w(12)p 746 1361 V 798 -1280 a Fd(Slot)765 1319 y(Numb)n(er)1706 1391 y Fn(35)p 1743 -1361 V -823 w(16)p 912 1361 V 1048 1273 a Fd(In{Mo)n(dule)d(A)n(ddr)n(ess)h -(of)h(Page)g(T)m(able)1249 1318 y(Bits)g(7{26)0 1509 y FC(An)19 -b(immedia)o(te)e(section)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(con)o(tains)g(the)g(page)g -(address)h(of)e(the)h(page)g(map.)31 b(If)18 b(bits)h(5{7)f(\()p -Fu(PA\045NIM)p FC(\))0 1559 y(con)o(tain)h(zero,)i(the)e(page)h(map)d(is)i -(in)g(the)h(page)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(bits)g(12{15)f(and)h(16{35.)33 -b(Bit)19 b(8)g(\()p Fx(X)p FC(\))g(is)g(not)0 1609 y(in)o(terpreted)d(b)o(y)d -(the)i(hardw)o(are;)e(it)h(is)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(to)j(soft)o(w)o(are.)10 -1780 y Fx(Imme)n(diate)72 1821 y(Not)0 1861 y(In{Memory)p 249 -1886 1495 2 v 248 1885 2 150 v 249 1736 1495 2 v 1743 1885 -2 150 v 373 1897 2 13 v 497 1897 V 622 1897 V 746 1897 V 871 -1897 V 995 1906 2 21 v 1120 1897 2 13 v 1244 1897 V 1369 1897 -V 1494 1897 V 1618 1897 V 303 1915 a Fn(1)p 331 1885 2 150 -v -58 w(0)p 248 1885 V 281 1822 a FB(1)345 1915 y Fn(2)p 373 -1885 V -17 w(2)p 331 1885 V 330 1823 a Fd(W)428 1915 y Fn(4)p -456 1885 V -59 w(3)p 373 1885 V 384 1823 a Fd(Swr)552 1915 -y Fn(7)p 580 1885 V -100 w(5)p 456 1885 V 474 1804 a Fd(Non{)481 -1842 y(Zer)n(o)1706 1915 y Fn(35)p 1743 1885 V -1146 w(8)p -580 1885 V 831 1820 a Fd(A)o(vailable)c(to)j(Softwar)n(e)g(\(Backup)e(A)n -(ddr)n(ess\))0 2033 y FC(If)16 b(bits)g(5{7)f(\()p Fu(PA\045NIM)p -FC(\))g(con)o(tain)h(a)f(non{zero)i(v)n(alue,)e(the)i(page)f(table)g(is)g -(not)g(in)f(memory)f(and)h(bits)i(8{35)e(are)0 2083 y(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(to)h -(soft)o(w)o(are.)p 249 2352 1495 2 v 248 2351 2 150 v 249 2202 -1495 2 v 1743 2351 2 150 v 373 2363 2 13 v 497 2363 V 622 2363 -V 746 2363 V 871 2363 V 995 2372 2 21 v 1120 2363 2 13 v 1244 -2363 V 1369 2363 V 1494 2363 V 1618 2363 V 303 2381 a Fn(1)p -331 2351 2 150 v -58 w(0)p 248 2351 V 281 2288 a FB(2)345 2381 -y Fn(2)p 373 2351 V -17 w(2)p 331 2351 V 330 2289 a Fd(W)428 -2381 y Fn(4)p 456 2351 V -59 w(3)p 373 2351 V 384 2289 a Fd(Swr)793 -2381 y Fn(13)p 829 2351 V -358 w(5)p 456 2351 V 570 2289 a -Fd(R)n(eserve)n(d)1706 2381 y Fn(35)p 1743 2351 V -906 w(14)p -829 2351 V 997 2263 a Fd(Index)f(to)h(SPT)h(L)n(o)n(c)n(ation)d(Containing) -1062 2308 y(Page)h(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(of)h(Page)g(Map)0 2290 y -Fx(Shar)n(e)n(d)0 2499 y FC(The)g(page)g(address)h(of)e(the)i(page)f(map)e -(is)i(in)f(the)h(SPT)g(at)g(the)h(o\013set)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)d(bits)h -(14{35)f(\()p Fu(PPW\045SI)p FC(\).)f(This)0 2548 y(p)q(oin)o(ter)i(is)g -(used)h(for)f(a)g(page)g(map)e(shared)j(b)o(y)f(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h -(pro)q(cesses.)20 b(Switc)o(hing)13 b(to)g(another)g(map)f(requires)0 -2598 y(c)o(hanging)h(only)g(the)i(common)c(SPT)j(en)o(try)m(.)p -eop -%%Page: 251 55 -251 54 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(251)p 399 383 1495 2 v 398 382 2 150 v 399 -233 1495 2 v 1893 382 2 150 v 523 394 2 13 v 647 394 V 772 -394 V 896 394 V 1021 394 V 1145 403 2 21 v 1270 394 2 13 v -1394 394 V 1519 394 V 1644 394 V 1768 394 V 453 412 a Fn(1)p -481 382 2 150 v -58 w(0)p 398 382 V 430 321 a FC(3)495 412 -y Fn(2)p 523 382 V -17 w(2)p 481 382 V 478 321 a Fx(W)578 412 -y Fn(4)p 606 382 V -59 w(3)p 523 382 V 531 321 a Fx(Swr)943 -412 y Fn(13)p 979 382 V -358 w(5)p 606 382 V 672 301 a Fx(Se)n(ction)16 -b(T)m(able)744 342 y(Index)1856 412 y Fn(35)p 1893 382 V -906 -w(14)p 979 382 V 1072 293 a Fx(Index)g(to)f(SPT)g(L)n(o)n(c)n(ation)g -(Containing)g(Page)1134 342 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(of)h(A)o(nother)g(Se)n(ction)g -(T)m(able)150 322 y(Indir)n(e)n(ct)150 530 y FC(In)j(the)h(SPT)f(lo)q(cation) -f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f(bits)g(14{35)f(\()p Fu(PPW\045SI)p -FC(\))g(is)g(the)i(page)f(address)h(of)f(a)f(secondary)i(section)150 -580 y(table.)e(The)c(next)g(section)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(to)f(b)q(e)h(ev)n -(aluated)f(is)g(in)g(that)h(table)f(at)g(the)h(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h -(b)o(y)g(bits)f(5{13)150 629 y(\()p Fu(PPW\045pI)p FC(\).)150 -715 y(Indirect)19 b(p)q(oin)o(ters)g(are)f(used)h(for)f(Monitor)f(reference)k -(to)d(p)q(er{job)g(and)g(p)q(er{pro)q(cess)j(areas.)31 b(The)18 -b(p)q(oin)o(ters)150 765 y(remain)d(while)g(the)i(secondary)g(section)g -(table)f(is)g(sw)o(app)q(ed)h(with)f(the)g(job)g(or)g(pro)q(cess,)i(or)e(the) -h(SPT)f(en)o(try)h(is)150 815 y(c)o(hanged.)150 954 y Fy(Map)i(P)n(oin)n -(ters.)f FC(En)o(tries)d(in)f(a)f(page)h(table)g(are)g(of)f(these)j(t)o(yp)q -(es:)p 399 1232 1495 2 v 398 1232 2 150 v 399 1083 1495 2 v -1893 1232 2 150 v 523 1244 2 13 v 647 1244 V 772 1244 V 896 -1244 V 1021 1244 V 1145 1252 2 21 v 1270 1244 2 13 v 1394 1244 -V 1519 1244 V 1644 1244 V 1768 1244 V 453 1262 a Fn(1)p 481 -1232 2 150 v -58 w(0)p 398 1232 V 431 1169 a FB(0)1856 1262 -y Fn(35)p 1893 1232 V -1395 w(2)p 481 1232 V 1011 1166 a Fd(A)o(vailable)11 -b(to)i(Softwar)n(e)150 1171 y Fx(No)i(A)n(c)n(c)n(ess)150 1379 -y FC(The)f(page)g(is)g(inaccessible.)160 1571 y Fx(Imme)n(diate)150 -1612 y(In{Memory)p 399 1657 1495 2 v 398 1656 2 150 v 399 1507 -1495 2 v 1893 1656 2 150 v 523 1668 2 13 v 647 1668 V 772 1668 -V 896 1668 V 1021 1668 V 1145 1676 2 21 v 1270 1668 2 13 v -1394 1668 V 1519 1668 V 1644 1668 V 1768 1668 V 453 1686 a -Fn(1)p 481 1656 2 150 v -58 w(0)p 398 1656 V 431 1593 a FB(1)495 -1686 y Fn(2)p 523 1656 V -17 w(2)p 481 1656 V 480 1594 a Fd(W)578 -1686 y Fn(4)p 606 1656 V -59 w(3)p 523 1656 V 534 1594 a Fd(Swr)702 -1686 y Fn(7)p 730 1656 V -100 w(5)p 606 1656 V 659 1593 a FB(0)744 -1686 y Fn(8)p 772 1656 V -17 w(8)p 730 1656 V 734 1594 a Fd(X)785 -1686 y Fn(9)p 813 1656 V -17 w(9)p 772 1656 V 775 1594 a Fd(D)860 -1686 y Fn(11)p 896 1656 V -76 w(10)p 813 1656 V 846 1593 a -FB(0)1026 1686 y Fn(15)p 1062 1656 V -159 w(12)p 896 1656 V -948 1575 a Fd(Slot)915 1613 y(Numb)n(er)1856 1686 y Fn(35)p -1893 1656 V -823 w(16)p 1062 1656 V 1249 1565 a Fd(In{Mo)n(dule)e(A)n(ddr)n -(ess)f(of)i(Page)1273 1613 y(for)h(Mapping)e(\(Bits)g(7{26\))150 -1804 y FC(An)h(immedia)o(te)e(map)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)i(con)o(tains)g(the)g(page) -g(address)h(for)e(the)i(mapping.)h(If)e(bits)g(5{7)f(\()p Fu(PA\045NIM)p -FC(\))f(con)o(tain)150 1853 y(zero,)k(the)g(page)f(address)i(for)e(the)h -(mapping)d(is)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(bits)g(9,)g(12{15,)f(and)h(16{35.)k -(If)c Fx(D)k FC(is)d(1,)e(the)i(data)150 1903 y(is)e(accessed)j(via)d(Device) -p 545 1903 13 2 v 16 w(Status)p 676 1903 V 15 w(Request)i(and)e(Device)p -1050 1903 V 16 w(Con)o(trol)f(bus)j(cycles)f(that)g(are)g(suitable)g(for)f -(accessing)150 1953 y(device)21 b(registers;)j(otherwise)d(the)g(data)f(is)g -(accessed)i(via)e(W)m(ord)p 1232 1953 V 14 w(Read)p 1339 1953 -V 15 w(Request)h(and)f(W)m(ord)p 1706 1953 V 14 w(W)m(rite)f(\(or,)j(if)150 -2003 y(cac)o(heable,)f(via)e(Line)p 509 2003 V 15 w(Read)p -617 2003 V 14 w(Request)i(and)e(Line)p 961 2003 V 15 w(W)m(rite\))g(bus)h -(cycles)g(that)g(are)f(appropriate)h(for)f(accessing)150 2053 -y(main)f(memory)m(.)32 b(In)20 b(this)g(format,)f(bit)g(8)h(\()p -Fx(X)p FC(\))f(is)h(not)g(used)g(b)o(y)g(hardw)o(are)g(and)f(is)h(a)o(v)n -(ailable)e(for)h(soft)o(w)o(are)150 2102 y(purp)q(oses.)160 -2274 y Fx(Imme)n(diate)222 2314 y(Not)150 2355 y(In{Memory)p -399 2380 1495 2 v 398 2379 2 150 v 399 2230 1495 2 v 1893 2379 -2 150 v 523 2391 2 13 v 647 2391 V 772 2391 V 896 2391 V 1021 -2391 V 1145 2399 2 21 v 1270 2391 2 13 v 1394 2391 V 1519 2391 -V 1644 2391 V 1768 2391 V 453 2409 a Fn(1)p 481 2379 2 150 -v -58 w(0)p 398 2379 V 431 2316 a FB(1)495 2409 y Fn(2)p 523 -2379 V -17 w(2)p 481 2379 V 480 2317 a Fd(W)578 2409 y Fn(4)p -606 2379 V -59 w(3)p 523 2379 V 534 2317 a Fd(Swr)702 2409 -y Fn(7)p 730 2379 V -100 w(5)p 606 2379 V 624 2298 a Fd(Non{)631 -2336 y(Zer)n(o)1856 2409 y Fn(35)p 1893 2379 V -1146 w(8)p -730 2379 V 981 2313 a Fd(A)o(vailable)10 b(to)j(Softwar)n(e)g(\(Backup)e(A)n -(ddr)n(ess\))150 2527 y FC(If)h(bits)g(5{7)g(\()p Fu(PA\045NIM)p -FC(\))f(con)o(tain)h(a)g(non{zero)h(v)n(alue,)e(the)i(page)g(is)f(not)g(in)g -(memory)e(and)i(bits)g(8{35)f(are)i(a)o(v)n(ailable)150 2576 -y(to)h(soft)o(w)o(are.)p eop -%%Page: 252 56 -252 55 bop 0 50 a FC(252)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)p 249 383 1495 2 v 248 -382 2 150 v 249 233 1495 2 v 1743 382 2 150 v 373 394 2 13 -v 497 394 V 622 394 V 746 394 V 871 394 V 995 403 2 21 v 1120 -394 2 13 v 1244 394 V 1369 394 V 1494 394 V 1618 394 V 303 -412 a Fn(1)p 331 382 2 150 v -58 w(0)p 248 382 V 281 319 a -FB(2)345 412 y Fn(2)p 373 382 V -17 w(2)p 331 382 V 330 320 -a Fd(W)428 412 y Fn(4)p 456 382 V -59 w(3)p 373 382 V 384 320 -a Fd(Swr)793 412 y Fn(13)p 829 382 V -358 w(5)p 456 382 V 570 -320 a Fd(R)n(eserve)n(d)1706 412 y Fn(35)p 1743 382 V -906 -w(14)p 829 382 V 997 294 a Fd(Index)e(to)h(SPT)h(L)n(o)n(c)n(ation)d -(Containing)1065 339 y(Page)i(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(for)h(Mapping)0 -322 y Fx(Shar)n(e)n(d)0 530 y FC(The)19 b(page)h(address)g(for)f(the)g -(mapping)e(of)i(the)g(referenced)j(virtual{address)d(is)g(in)g(the)g(SPT)g -(at)g(the)h(o\013set)0 580 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)14 b(b)o(y)e(bits)g(14{35)f(\()p -Fu(PPW\045SI)p FC(\).)f(This)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(is)f(used)h(for)e(a)h(page)g -(referenced)j(as)d(di\013eren)o(t)h(virtual)f(pages)0 629 y(b)o(y)g -(di\013eren)o(t)h(pro)q(cesses.)20 b(The)12 b(monitor)e(can)i(mo)o(v)o(e)f -(the)h(page)g(for)g(all)f(pro)q(cesses)j(simply)c(b)o(y)i(c)o(hanging)f(the)i -(SPT)0 679 y(en)o(try)m(.)p 249 956 1495 2 v 248 955 2 150 -v 249 807 1495 2 v 1743 955 2 150 v 373 968 2 13 v 497 968 -V 622 968 V 746 968 V 871 968 V 995 976 2 21 v 1120 968 2 13 -v 1244 968 V 1369 968 V 1494 968 V 1618 968 V 303 986 a Fn(1)p -331 955 2 150 v -58 w(0)p 248 955 V 280 894 a FC(3)345 986 -y Fn(2)p 373 955 V -17 w(2)p 331 955 V 328 895 a Fx(W)428 986 -y Fn(4)p 456 955 V -59 w(3)p 373 955 V 381 895 a Fx(Swr)793 -986 y Fn(13)p 829 955 V -358 w(5)p 456 955 V 552 870 a Fx(Page)j(Map)594 -920 y(Index)1706 986 y Fn(35)p 1743 955 V -906 w(14)p 829 955 -V 973 866 a Fx(Index)g(to)f(SPT)g(L)n(o)n(c)n(ation)g(Containing)963 -916 y(Page)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(of)h(A)o(nother)g(Page)g(Map)0 -895 y(Indir)n(e)n(ct)0 1103 y FC(In)f(the)h(SPT)f(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)e(bits)g(14{35)f(\()p Fu(PPW\045SI)p FC(\))g(is)h(the)g -(page)g(address)i(of)d(a)h(secondary)h(page)f(map.)0 1153 y(The)e(next)g -(page)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(to)h(b)q(e)g(ev)n(aluated)f(is)h(in)f(that)h(map)e -(at)h(the)h(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(bits)h(5{13)e(\()p -Fu(PPW\045PI)p FC(\).)0 1239 y(Indirect)19 b(p)q(oin)o(ters)g(are)f(used)h -(for)f(Monitor)f(reference)k(to)d(p)q(er{job)g(and)g(p)q(er{pro)q(cess)j -(areas.)31 b(The)18 b(p)q(oin)o(ters)0 1288 y(remain)12 b(while)h(the)h -(second)g(page)g(map)e(is)h(c)o(hanged)h(when)g(the)g(job)f(or)g(pro)q(cess)i -(c)o(hanges,)f(or)f(the)h(SPT)g(en)o(try)g(is)0 1338 y(c)o(hanged.)0 -1482 y Fz(3.7.1.7)48 b(Re\014ll)14 b(Pro)q(cedure)0 1594 y -FC(When)h(the)h(P)o(ager)f(T)m(ranslation)f(Bu\013er)i(lac)o(ks)f(a)g(v)n -(alid)e(mapping)g(for)h(a)h(reference,)i(the)f(micro)q(co)q(de)f(that)g(sup-) -0 1644 y(p)q(orts)g(the)h(pager)e(m)o(ust)g(ev)n(aluate)g(sup)q(ersection,)j -(section,)e(and)f(map)f(p)q(oin)o(ters)i(to)g(get)g(the)g(desired)h(mapping.) -0 1694 y(The)g(pro)q(cedure)i(b)q(egins)f(with)e(the)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(for)f -(the)i(sup)q(ersection)h(from)c(the)j(pro)q(cess)h(table,)d(and)h(the)h -(pager)0 1744 y(micro)q(co)q(de)12 b(follo)o(ws)e(the)j(trail)f(laid)f(b)o(y) -h(the)g(v)n(arious)g(p)q(oin)o(ters,)h(as)f(illustrated)g(in)g(Figure)g(3.5.) -k(A)o(t)d(an)o(y)e(step,)i(the)0 1794 y(micro)q(co)q(de)i(traps)h(to)f(the)h -(Monitor)e(if)h(it)g(encoun)o(ters)i(a)e(no{access)h(p)q(oin)o(ter,)g(a)f -(page)g(address)h(that)g(indicates)0 1843 y(the)e(page)g(is)g(not)g(in)f -(memory)m(,)e(an)i(age)h(trap,)g(or)g(a)f(write)h(reference)j(to)d(a)f(page)h -(that)g(is)g(not)f(writable.)0 1929 y(The)j(\014rst)g(part)g(of)e(the)i(pro)q -(cedure,)i(whic)o(h)d(ma)o(y)e(go)i(to)h(the)g(SPT)f(or)h(indirectly)f -(through)g(it)h(to)f(other)h(sup)q(er-)0 1979 y(section)d(tables,)g(b)q -(egins)g(at)g(lo)q(cation)f(540)g(in)g(the)h(pro)q(cess)i(table,)d(indexed)h -(b)o(y)g(the)g(sup)q(ersection)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)d(\(bits)0 -2029 y(6{8)g(of)h(the)g(virtual{address,)g(righ)o(t)f(justi\014ed\),)i(and)e -(ev)n(aluates)h(sup)q(ersection)i(p)q(oin)o(ters)f(to)f(arriv)o(e)g(at)f(the) -i(page)0 2078 y(address)e(of)f(the)g(section)h(table;)g(access)h(to)d(the)i -(section)g(table)f(is)g(c)o(hec)o(k)o(ed)h(in)f(the)h(CST.)e(Using)h(the)h -(page)f(address)0 2128 y(of)h(the)h(section)g(table)g(indexed)g(b)o(y)f(the)h -(section)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(\(bits)h(9{17)e(of)h(the)h(virtual{address,)g -(righ)o(t)f(justi\014ed\),)0 2178 y(the)h(second)h(part)f(of)g(the)g(pro)q -(cedure,)h(whic)o(h)f(ma)o(y)e(go)h(to)h(the)g(SPT)g(or)g(indirectly)g -(through)g(it)f(to)h(other)g(section)0 2228 y(tables,)h(ev)n(aluates)h -(section)g(p)q(oin)o(ters)g(to)f(arriv)o(e)g(at)g(the)h(page)g(address)g(of)f -(the)h(page)f(map;)f(access)j(to)e(the)h(page)0 2278 y(map)f(is)h(c)o(hec)o -(k)o(ed)h(in)f(the)h(CST.)f(No)o(w,)f(using)h(the)h(page)g(address)g(of)f -(the)h(page)f(map,)e(and)i(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)f(the)0 -2327 y(referenced)20 b(virtual)d(page)g(\(bits)h(18{27)e(of)h(the)i -(virtual{address,)f(righ)o(t)f(justi\014ed\))h(as)g(the)g(index,)g(the)g -(third)0 2377 y(part)d(of)f(this)h(pro)q(cedure)i(retriev)o(es)f(a)f(map)e(p) -q(oin)o(ter)i(and)f(ev)n(aluates)h(it.)21 b(This)14 b(part)h(ma)o(y)e(also)h -(go)h(to)f(the)i(SPT)0 2427 y(or)f(indirectly)g(through)h(it)e(to)h(other)h -(page)f(maps)f(to)h(arriv)o(e)h(at)f(a)g(page)g(address)h(for)f(the)h -(mapping;)d(access)k(to)0 2477 y(this)c(page)g(is)g(c)o(hec)o(k)o(ed)h(in)f -(the)g(CST.)g(Unless)h(an)f(age)f(trap)i(in)o(terv)o(enes,)g(memory)c(status) -k(is)f(up)q(dated)h(along)d(the)0 2527 y(w)o(a)o(y)k(for)h(an)o(y)f(section)i -(tables)f(and)f(page)h(maps)f(used.)25 b(If)15 b(the)h(reference)j(can)d(b)q -(e)g(made)f(and)h(there)h(is)e(no)h(age)0 2576 y(trap)d(for)f(the)i -(referenced)h(page,)d(its)h(status)g(is)g(up)q(dated,)g(including)f(setting)h -(the)g Fx(M)g FC(bit)f(in)h(the)g(memory)d(status)0 2626 y(table)i(if)g(the)h -(program)e(is)h(writing.)17 b(The)12 b(micro)q(co)q(de)g(then)h(constructs)i -(the)e(desired)g(mapping,)d(places)j(it)f(in)g(the)p eop -%%Page: 253 57 -253 56 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(253)607 155 y Fy(Figure)19 b(3.5:)24 b(P)n(age)19 -b(P)n(oin)n(ter)g(Ev)m(aluation)-78 2692 y Fo(HRMF-PPE.TEX)p -377 263 211 2 v 377 2173 2 1910 v 586 2173 V 377 2175 211 2 -v 448 255 a Fl(SPT)p -80 243 V -80 284 2 42 v -46 273 a Fn(SPT)11 -b(Base)p 129 284 V -80 286 211 2 v 129 265 250 2 v 337 264 -a Fj(-)-9 234 y Fl(SPB)-67 329 y Fn(Slot)h(Num)o(b)q(er)-1 -362 y(and)-52 394 y(In{Mo)q(dule)-32 427 y(Address)p -80 616 -211 2 v -80 1197 2 582 v 129 1197 V -80 1199 211 2 v -74 533 -a(Pro)q(cess)e(T)m(able)-45 565 y(Executiv)o(e)-28 597 y(or)h(User)-25 -912 y(Sup)q(er{)-24 949 y(section)-15 982 y(T)m(able)150 1096 -y(Shared)150 1127 y(Sup)q(er{)150 1162 y(section)150 1200 y(P)o(oin)o(ters) --25 1115 y(Sup)q(er{)-31 1153 y(sections)-55 1185 y(2{7)f(un)o(used)p --78 1041 208 2 v -78 1000 V -76 1029 a(2)p -58 1041 2 42 v -4 1041 V 27 1030 a(Index)-139 1029 y(540)p -78 1083 208 2 v --78 1041 V -76 1071 a(2)p -58 1082 2 42 v 4 1082 V 86 w(Index)-246 -b(541)p 129 1021 42 2 v 170 1020 2 706 v 171 315 208 2 v 337 -314 a Fj(-)p 378 336 V 378 294 V 398 335 2 42 v 401 323 a Fn(1)p -419 335 V 597 293 a(Not{in{)597 323 y(Memory)597 356 y(T)m(rap)p -129 1062 84 2 v 211 1061 2 623 v 212 439 167 2 v 337 438 a -Fj(-)p 378 460 208 2 v 378 419 V 398 459 2 42 v 401 448 a Fn(0)p -419 459 V 468 446 a(P)o(age)597 467 y(Address)597 427 y(P)o(age)p -586 439 270 2 v 814 438 a Fj(-)p 772 439 2 63 v 773 418 a(6)773 -439 y(?)740 347 y Fn(CST)730 377 y Fb(\022\021)730 294 y(\023\020)p -854 438 211 2 v 854 1019 2 582 v 1063 1019 V 854 1021 211 2 -v 907 314 a Fn(Section)919 347 y(T)m(able)884 379 y(for)11 -b(Sup)q(er{)896 417 y(section)g(1)p 856 481 208 2 v 856 439 -V 858 469 a(0)p 876 480 2 42 v -80 w(000)1074 440 y(No{)1074 -473 y(Access)1074 504 y(T)m(rap)p 856 606 208 2 v 856 564 V -858 593 a(1)p 876 605 2 42 v 4 w(0)p 896 605 V 946 591 a(P)o(age)795 -593 y(173)1074 573 y(Immediate)1074 615 y(Section)h(P)o(oin)o(ter)p -1063 585 187 2 v 856 813 208 2 v 856 772 V 858 801 a(2)p 876 -812 2 42 v 938 812 V 961 802 a(Index)795 801 y(401)1157 723 -y(Shared)1157 756 y(Section)1157 789 y(P)o(oin)o(ters)p 1063 -792 84 2 v 1145 791 2 146 v 337 647 810 2 v 336 646 2 84 v -337 564 42 2 v 337 563 a Fj(-)p 378 585 208 2 v 378 543 V 398 -584 2 42 v 401 573 a Fn(1)p 419 584 V 597 542 a(Not{in{)597 -572 y(Memory)597 606 y(T)m(rap)p 856 772 208 2 v 856 730 V -858 759 a(2)p 876 771 2 42 v 938 771 V 961 760 a(Index)795 -759 y(400)p 1063 751 42 2 v 1104 750 2 63 v 295 689 810 2 v -294 1082 2 395 v 295 1083 84 2 v 337 1082 a Fj(-)p 378 1104 -208 2 v 378 1062 V 398 1103 2 42 v 401 1091 a Fn(0)p 419 1103 -V 468 1089 a(P)o(age)597 1111 y(Address)597 1070 y(P)o(age)p -586 1083 748 2 v 1292 1082 a Fj(-)p 1331 1081 211 2 v 1331 -1662 2 582 v 1541 1662 V 1331 1664 211 2 v 1291 1082 2 63 v -1292 1061 a(6)1292 1082 y(?)1259 990 y Fn(CST)1249 1021 y Fb(\022\021)1249 -938 y(\023\020)1364 994 y Fn(P)o(age)f(Map)1417 1033 y(for)1346 -1065 y(Section)g(1400)p 1333 1394 208 2 v 1333 1353 V 1335 -1382 a(2)p 1353 1393 2 42 v 1415 1393 V 1438 1383 a(Index)1272 -1382 y(342)p 1541 1373 42 2 v 1581 1373 2 63 v 337 1311 1246 -2 v 336 1373 2 63 v 337 1373 42 2 v 337 1372 a Fj(-)p 378 1394 -208 2 v 378 1353 V 398 1393 2 42 v 401 1382 a Fn(1)p 419 1393 -V 597 1351 a(Not{in{)597 1382 y(Memory)597 1415 y(T)m(rap)1635 -1304 y(Shared)1635 1334 y(Map)1635 1370 y(P)o(oin)o(ters)p -1333 1477 208 2 v 1333 1436 V 1335 1465 a(2)p 1353 1476 2 42 -v 1415 1476 V 1438 1466 a(Index)1272 1465 y(436)p 1541 1456 -84 2 v 1623 1456 2 187 v 337 1270 1287 2 v 336 1269 2 63 v -337 1207 42 2 v 337 1206 a Fj(-)p 378 1228 208 2 v 378 1187 -V 398 1227 2 42 v 401 1216 a Fn(0)p 419 1227 V 468 1214 a(P)o(age)597 -1235 y(Address)597 1195 y(P)o(age)p 586 1207 1142 2 v 1727 -1207 2 125 v 1727 1083 84 2 v 1769 1082 a Fj(-)p 1768 1082 -2 63 v 1769 1061 a(6)1769 1082 y(?)1736 990 y Fn(CST)1727 1021 -y Fb(\022\021)1727 938 y(\023\020)p 1809 1081 211 2 v 1809 -1662 2 582 v 2018 1662 V 1809 1664 211 2 v 1879 995 a Fn(Data)1854 -1028 y(for)g(P)o(age)1856 1064 y(1400436)1750 1237 y(162)p -1810 1249 208 2 v 1810 1207 V 1822 1234 a(LSHC)f(1,{3)p 856 -917 V 856 875 V 858 905 a(3)p 876 916 2 42 v 8 w(007)p 938 -916 V 27 w(Index)-246 b(700)p 1063 896 42 2 v 1104 895 2 63 -v 337 834 768 2 v 336 916 2 84 v 337 917 42 2 v 337 916 a Fj(-)1116 -914 y Fn(Indirect)1116 947 y(Section)1116 980 y(P)o(oin)o(ters)p -378 938 208 2 v 378 896 V 398 937 2 42 v 401 925 a(1)p 419 -937 V 597 895 a(Not{in{)597 925 y(Memory)597 958 y(T)m(rap)p -856 958 208 2 v 856 917 V 858 946 a(3)p 876 958 2 42 v 8 w(204)p -938 958 V 961 947 a(Index)795 946 y(701)p 856 1000 208 2 v -856 958 V 858 988 a(3)p 876 999 2 42 v 8 w(417)p 938 999 V -27 w(Index)g(702)p 1063 938 42 2 v 1063 979 V 1104 1144 2 208 -v 295 1145 810 2 v 294 1559 2 416 v 295 1560 84 2 v 337 1559 -a Fj(-)p 378 1581 208 2 v 378 1540 V 398 1580 2 42 v 401 1569 -a Fn(0)p 419 1580 V 468 1567 a(P)o(age)597 1588 y(Address)597 -1548 y(P)o(age)p 586 1560 457 2 v 1001 1559 a Fj(-)p 959 1559 -2 63 v 959 1539 a(6)959 1559 y(?)927 1468 y Fn(CST)917 1498 -y Fb(\022\021)917 1415 y(\023\020)p 1041 1559 211 2 v 1041 -2140 2 582 v 1250 2140 V 1041 2142 211 2 v 1072 1509 a Fn(Secondary)1048 -1547 y(Section)11 b(T)m(able)p 1042 1892 208 2 v 1042 1851 -V 1045 1880 a(1)p 1062 1892 2 42 v 3 w(0)p 1083 1892 V 1132 -1878 a(P)o(age)982 1880 y(417)1261 1860 y(Immediate)1261 1901 -y(Section)h(P)o(oin)o(ter)p 1250 1872 457 2 v 1665 1871 a Fj(-)p -1623 1871 2 63 v 1624 1850 a(6)1624 1871 y(?)1591 1779 y Fn(CST)1581 -1809 y Fb(\022\021)1581 1726 y(\023\020)p 1042 1768 208 2 v -1042 1726 V 1045 1756 a Fn(1)p 1062 1767 2 42 v 3 w(1)p 1083 -1767 V -100 w(204)1261 1723 y(Not{in{)1261 1753 y(Memory)1261 -1787 y(T)m(rap)980 1808 y Fj(\003)-10 b(\027)980 1850 y(C)g(W)771 -1769 y Fn(Section)12 b(T)m(able)781 1802 y(Indexes)g(from)724 -1835 y(Indirect)g(P)o(oin)o(ters)p 1331 334 211 2 v 1331 915 -2 582 v 1541 915 V 1331 917 211 2 v 1364 247 a(P)o(age)f(Map)1417 -286 y(for)1346 318 y(Section)g(1173)p 1249 584 2 250 v 1250 -336 84 2 v 1292 335 a Fj(-)p 1291 335 2 63 v 1292 314 a(6)1292 -335 y(?)1259 243 y Fn(CST)1249 273 y Fb(\022\021)1249 190 y(\023\020)p -1333 460 208 2 v 1333 419 V 1335 448 a Fn(0)p 1353 459 2 42 -v -80 w(177)1552 420 y(No{)1552 453 y(Access)1552 483 y(T)m(rap)p -1333 855 208 2 v 1333 813 V 1335 842 a(1)p 1353 854 2 42 v -4 w(1)p 1374 854 V -101 w(677)1552 810 y(Not{in{)1552 840 y(Memory)1552 -873 y(T)m(rap)p 1333 689 208 2 v 1333 647 V 1335 676 a(1)p -1353 688 2 42 v 4 w(0)p 1374 688 V 1423 674 a(P)o(age)1272 -676 y(413)1552 656 y(Immediate)1552 695 y(Map)g(P)o(oin)o(ter)p -1541 668 187 2 v 1727 667 2 333 v 1727 336 84 2 v 1769 335 -a Fj(-)p 1768 335 2 63 v 1769 314 a(6)1769 335 y(?)1736 243 -y Fn(CST)1727 273 y Fb(\022\021)1727 190 y(\023\020)p 1809 -334 211 2 v 1809 915 2 582 v 2018 915 V 1809 917 211 2 v 1879 -248 a Fn(Data)1854 280 y(for)g(P)o(age)1856 317 y(1173413)1750 -739 y(561)p 1810 751 208 2 v 1810 709 V 1822 736 a(ILDB)g(1,13)p -1705 1870 211 2 v 1705 2451 2 582 v 1914 2451 V 1705 2453 211 -2 v 1738 1783 a(P)o(age)f(Map)1791 1821 y(for)1719 1854 y(Section)h(1702)1723 -1931 y(Note:)1723 1964 y(this)22 b(is)g(also)1723 1997 y(Section)11 -b(417,)1723 2030 y(Relativ)o(e)27 b(to)1723 2063 y(the)1723 -2097 y(Secondary)1723 2130 y(Section)1723 2163 y(T)m(able)p -1707 2307 208 2 v 1707 2266 V 1709 2295 a(3)p 1727 2307 2 42 -v 8 w(450)p 1789 2307 V 1812 2296 a(Index)1646 2295 y(554)p -1707 2349 208 2 v 1707 2307 V 1709 2337 a(3)p 1727 2348 2 42 -v 8 w(771)p 1789 2348 V 27 w(Index)-246 b(555)1967 2325 y(Indirect)1967 -2355 y(Map)1967 2391 y(P)o(oin)o(ters)p 1914 2328 42 2 v 1914 -2287 V 1955 2701 2 416 v 337 2702 1619 2 v 336 2701 2 706 v -337 1996 42 2 v 337 1995 a Fj(-)p 378 2017 208 2 v 378 1975 -V 398 2016 2 42 v 401 2005 a Fn(0)p 419 2016 V 468 2002 a(P)o(age)597 -2024 y(Address)597 1984 y(P)o(age)p 586 1996 146 2 v 690 1995 -a Fj(-)p 689 1995 2 63 v 690 1975 a(6)690 1995 y(?)657 1904 -y Fn(CST)647 1934 y Fb(\022\021)647 1851 y(\023\020)p 729 1994 -211 2 v 729 2576 2 582 v 939 2576 V 729 2578 211 2 v 761 1942 -a Fn(Secondary)762 1980 y(P)o(age)11 b(Map)p 731 2557 208 2 -v 731 2515 V 733 2544 a(1)p 751 2556 2 42 v 4 w(0)p 772 2556 -V 821 2542 a(P)o(age)670 2544 y(771)950 2524 y(Immediate)950 -2563 y(Map)g(P)o(oin)o(ter)p 939 2536 395 2 v 1332 2535 2 457 -v 1333 2079 84 2 v 1375 2078 a Fj(-)p 1374 2078 2 63 v 1375 -2058 a(6)1375 2078 y(?)1342 1987 y Fn(CST)1332 2017 y Fb(\022\021)1332 -1934 y(\023\020)p 731 2382 208 2 v 731 2341 V 733 2370 a Fn(1)p -751 2381 2 42 v 4 w(1)p 772 2381 V -101 w(450)950 2337 y(Not{in{)950 -2368 y(Memory)950 2401 y(T)m(rap)669 2448 y Fj(\003)675 2423 -y(\003)-10 b(\027)669 2489 y(C)675 2514 y(C)g(W)507 2405 y -Fn(P)o(age)11 b(Map)465 2441 y(Indexes)h(from)409 2474 y(Indirect)g(P)o(oin)o -(ters)p 1414 2077 211 2 v 1414 2659 2 582 v 1624 2659 V 1414 -2661 211 2 v 1459 1992 a(Data)e(for)1485 2024 y(P)o(age)1462 -2061 y(1702555)1433 2148 y(Note:)41 b(this)1433 2181 y(is)14 -b(also)f(P)o(age)1433 2214 y(771,)38 b(Rela-)1433 2247 y(tiv)o(e)12 -b(to)e(the)1433 2281 y(Secondary)1433 2314 y(P)o(age)g(T)m(able)1355 -2586 y(667)p 1416 2598 208 2 v 1416 2557 V 1427 2584 a(MUL)g(2,1064)p -120 1642 2 63 v 121 1622 a Fj(6)121 1642 y(?)88 1551 y Fn(CST)79 -1581 y Fb(\022\021)79 1498 y(\023\020)-78 1642 y Fn(The)17 -b(sym)o(b)q(ol)55 b(denotes)18 b(a)-78 1676 y(test)13 b(of)g(the)g(CST)g(en)o -(try)g(for)-78 1709 y(the)22 b(page.)49 b(If)23 b(the)g(page)-78 -1742 y(is)g(to)q(o)e(\\y)o(oung",)k(an)d(age)-78 1775 y(trap)e(in)o(terv)o -(enes.)44 b(Other-)-78 1808 y(wise)11 b(the)g(CST)f(en)o(try)i(is)f(up-)-78 -1842 y(dated)h(and)h(the)g(page)e(refer-)-78 1875 y(ence)f(is)i(made.)-78 -1975 y(In)18 b(Sup)q(ersection)g(1,)h(pages)-78 2008 y(1173413,)32 -b(1400436,)g(and)-78 2041 y(1720555)17 b(are)k(in)g(memory)m(.)-78 -2074 y(Sup)q(ersection)i(0;)28 b(sections)-78 2107 y(1000,)h(1401,)h(1700,)g -(and)-78 2141 y(1701;)12 b(and)i(pages)e(1173177,)-78 2174 -y(1173677,)32 b(1400342,)g(and)-78 2207 y(1702554)9 b(are)j(not:)18 -b(an)o(y)13 b(ref-)-78 2240 y(erence)k(to)h(them)h(causes)f(a)-78 -2273 y(page{fail)10 b(trap.)-37 2379 y(Virtual)-43 2420 y(Address)76 -b(Con)o(ten)o(ts)p -78 2432 187 2 v 129 2432 167 2 v -78 2482 -a(11734135)o(61)129 2480 y(ILDB)11 b(1,13)-78 2524 y(14004361)o(62)129 -2521 y(LSHC)f(1,{3)-78 2565 y(17025556)o(67)129 2563 y(MUL)g(2,1064)p -eop -%%Page: 254 58 -254 57 bop 0 50 a FC(254)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FC(PTB,)g(and)g(returns)h(to)f -(the)g(p)q(ending)g(reference.)0 281 y(The)j(mapping)e(data)i(\(i.e.,)f(the)i -(PTB)f(en)o(try\))h(is)f(constructed)i(from)c(the)j(result)g(of)e(the)i(p)q -(oin)o(ter)f(ev)n(aluation.)0 330 y(The)f Fx(W)24 b FC(bit)16 -b(is)g(the)g(AND)g(of)g(all)e(the)j Fx(W)f FC(bits)g(seen)i(in)d(the)i(p)q -(oin)o(ter)f(ev)n(aluation,)e(AND)i(either)h(the)g(program)0 -380 y(is)e(making)e(a)i(write)h(reference)i(OR)d(the)h(page)f(has)h(already)f -(b)q(een)h(mo)q(di\014ed.)21 b(The)16 b Fx(D)k FC(bit,)14 b(slot)i(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er,)e(and)0 430 y(in{mo)q(dule)d(address)j(come)d(directly)i(from)e(the) -i(corresp)q(onding)h(\014elds)f(of)f(the)h(page)g(address)h(for)e(the)i -(mapping.)0 480 y(The)f Fx(C)18 b FC(bit)12 b(comes)g(from)e(the)j(CST)g(en)o -(try)g(for)f(the)h(page)f(b)q(eing)g(mapp)q(ed.)17 b(The)c -Fx(A)f FC(bit)g(is)g(set)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(page{re\014ll)0 530 -y(micro)q(co)q(de)g(when)h(the)g(address{break)h(system)e(\()p -FA(x)p FC(3.7.5\))f(is)h(activ)o(e)h(and)f(the)h(in)o(ternal)f(address{break) -i(register)0 580 y(matc)o(hes)f(the)g(giv)o(en)f(virtual{address)i(in)e(bits) -h(6{26.)0 723 y Fz(3.7.1.8)48 b(P)o(age)15 b(F)l(ailure)0 836 -y FC(When,)d(for)f(an)o(y)g(reason,)h(the)h(pager)e(\(and)h(its)g(supp)q -(orting)f(micro)q(co)q(de\))h(is)f(unable)h(to)f(mak)o(e)f(a)i(desired)g -(memory)0 885 y(reference)k(or)d(when)h(an)f(extended)i(e\013ectiv)o -(e{address)h(calculation)d(encoun)o(ters)i(an)e(incorrectly)h(formatted)f -(in-)0 935 y(direct)h(w)o(ord,)f(an)g(ev)o(en)o(t)i(kno)o(wn)e(as)g(a)g -(\\page)g(failure")g(o)q(ccurs.)19 b(F)m(or)13 b(a)g(page)h(failure,)e(the)i -(micro)q(co)q(de)f(stops)h(the)0 985 y(instruction)h(imm)o(ediately)m(,)c -(without)j(disturbing)g(PC)g(or)g(storing)h(an)o(y)e(results)j(in)e(memory)d -(or)k(the)g(accum)o(ula-)0 1035 y(tors,)e(and)f(executes)j(a)d(page{failure)g -(trap.)689 1020 y Fn(23)742 1035 y FC(The)h(trap)g(op)q(eration)f(mak)o(es)f -(use)j(of)e(certain)h(lo)q(cations)f(in)g(either)0 1085 y(the)k(User)h(Pro)q -(cess)g(T)m(able)e(or)h(the)g(Executiv)o(e)g(Pro)q(cess)i(T)m(able.)k(As)16 -b(further)h(explained)e(b)q(elo)o(w,)g(the)h(lo)q(cations)0 -1134 y(in)f(the)i(User)g(Pro)q(cess)g(T)m(able)e(are)i(used)f(for)g(\\soft")f -(page)h(failures)f(and)h(the)g(corresp)q(onding)h(lo)q(cations)e(in)g(the)0 -1184 y(Executiv)o(e)g(Pro)q(cess)h(T)m(able)d(are)h(used)h(for)f(\\hard")f -(page)h(failures.)0 1270 y(An)o(y)j(page{failure)f(trap)h(iden)o(ti\014es)g -(the)h(failed)e(state)h(of)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(b)o(y)e(placing)f(a)g -(page{failure)g(double)0 1320 y(w)o(ord)g(in)f(UPT)h(\(or)g(EPT\))g(lo)q -(cations)f(502)g(and)g(503)g(\()p Fu(UP.PF0==:502)p FC(,)f -Fu(UP.PF1==:503)p FC(\))f(and)i(b)o(y)h(storing)f(the)0 1369 -y(\015ag{PC)d(double)h(w)o(ord)f(in)g(lo)q(cations)h(504)f(and)g(505)g(\()p -Fu(UP.POF==:504)p FC(,)e Fu(UP.POP==:505)p FC(\).)15 b(The)e(trap)g -(completes)0 1419 y(its)e(op)q(eration)f(b)o(y)h(setting)g(up)g(new)g(con)o -(text)h(from)d(the)i(\015ag{PC)g(double)f(w)o(ord)h(found)f(in)h(lo)q -(cations)f(506)g(and)h(507)0 1469 y(\()p Fu(UP.PNF==:506)p -FC(,)j Fu(UP.PNP==:507)p FC(\).)21 b(\(The)c(new)f(Previous{Con)o(text)h -(Section)f(will)e(b)q(e)j(set)g(from)d(the)i(section)0 1519 -y(of)d(the)i(trapp)q(ed{from)e(PC.\))0 1604 y(The)i(page{failure)e(double)h -(w)o(ord,)g(stored)h(in)f(lo)q(cations)g(502)f(and)h(503,)f(will)g(app)q(ear) -i(in)f(one)g(of)g(sev)o(eral)h(forms,)0 1654 y(dep)q(ending)h(on)g(the)g -(circumstances)h(of)e(the)h(page)g(failure.)23 b(Some)14 b(of)h(the)i(forms)d -(of)h(the)h(page{failure)f(double)0 1704 y(w)o(ord)g(closely)g(resem)o(ble)h -(the)g Fv(MAP)e FC(double)h(w)o(ord)h(\()p FA(x)p FC(3.7.3\).)21 -b(All)14 b(causes)j(of)e(page)g(failure)g(and)g(all)f(formats)g(of)0 -1754 y(page{failure)h(double)h(w)o(ords)g(rep)q(ort)h(a)e(failure)g(co)q(de)i -(in)e(bits)h(12{17)f(\()p Fu(PF\045FLC==:77B17)p FC(\))e(of)i(the)i(\014rst)g -(w)o(ord.)0 1804 y(The)i(page{failure)e(co)q(de)j(sp)q(eci\014es)g(the)f(in)o -(terpretation)g(of)f(the)h(second)g(page{failure)f(w)o(ord)g(\(as)h(a)f -(virtual{)0 1853 y(address,)i(a)d(bus)i(address,)g(or)f(indeterminate\).)29 -b(T)m(able)18 b(3.2)e(con)o(tains)i(details)g(of)f(eac)o(h)h(t)o(yp)q(e)h(of) -e(failure)g(and)0 1903 y(sp)q(eci\014es)f(ho)o(w)d(the)i(second)g -(page{failure)e(w)o(ord)g(should)h(b)q(e)h(in)o(terpreted.)0 -2042 y Fz(Soft)f(P)o(age)i(F)l(ailure)0 2165 y FC(\\Soft")d(page{failures)g -(\(mark)o(ed)f(b)o(y)h(the)h(trap)g(through)g(the)g(UPT)g(lo)q(cations\))f -(result)h(from)e(conditions)h(gener-)0 2215 y(ated)f(b)o(y)g(the)g(activit)o -(y)f(of)g(the)i(soft)o(w)o(are.)k(Some)11 b(are)h(detected)i(during)e(pager)g -(re\014ll)f(\(e.g.,)g(page)h(not)g(in)f(memory)m(,)0 2265 y(age)j(trap\);)h -(these)h(the)f(Monitor)f(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(able)g(to)f(correct.)22 -b(Some)13 b(represen)o(t)k(programmi)o(ng)12 b(errors)k(whic)o(h,)e(if)0 -2314 y(o)q(ccurring)g(in)f(a)g(user)i(pro)q(cess,)g(will)d(cause)i(the)g -(Monitor)f(to)h(stop)f(a)h(user)g(pro)q(cess)h(and)f(whic)o(h,)f(if)f(o)q -(ccurring)i(in)0 2364 y(the)g(Monitor,)f(will)g(cause)i(the)f(Monitor)g(to)f -(halt)h(itself.)0 2450 y(The)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(the)g(P)o(age{F)m -(ailure)f(Data)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)h(for)f(soft)h(page{failures,)g(found)f(in)g -(the)i(UPT,)f(are)g(sho)o(wn)0 2500 y(b)q(elo)o(w:)p 0 2526 -720 2 v 31 2553 a Fm(23)64 2565 y Fl(In)c(the)h(case)f(of)h(v)n(arious)e(m)o -(ultipart)g(instructions)f(\(e.g.,)i Fo(BL)m(T)p Fl(,)i Fo(IDPB)p -Fl(,)e Fo(EDIT)p Fl(\),)i(the)e(micro)q(co)q(de)e(will)k(up)q(date)d(accum)o -(ulator)o(s,)0 2604 y(memory)m(,)e(and/or)h(mac)o(hine)f(status)h -(appropriately)e(so)j(the)g(instruction)e(can)h(b)q(e)h(restarted)f(with)h -(correct)f(e\013ect.)p eop -%%Page: 255 59 -255 58 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(255)677 155 y Fy(T)-5 b(able)18 b(3.2:)24 -b(P)n(age{F)-5 b(ailure)19 b(Co)r(des)150 242 y FC(Soft)c(failures)f(trap)h -(through)g(the)h(UPT.)f(Hard)g(failures)f(trap)i(through)f(the)g(EPT,)g(in)g -(whic)o(h)f(they)i(ma)o(y)d(store)150 292 y(additional)f(information.)150 -360 y Fu(PF.AOK==:0)70 b FC(Soft.)17 b(No)d(failure)g(\()p -Fv(MAP)f FC(double)h(w)o(ord\):)k(the)d Fv(MAP)e FC(is)h(successful.)20 -b(In)14 b(page{failure)f(w)o(ords,)440 409 y(this)g(co)q(de)i(is)f(reserv)o -(ed)i(for)d(soft)o(w)o(are.)150 482 y Fu(PF.AFT==:1)70 b FC(Soft.)32 -b(Address)20 b(failure)e(trap:)28 b(a)19 b(reference)i(has)e(satis\014ed)g -(the)g(address{break)i(condition)440 531 y(\()p FA(x)p FC(3.7.5\).)150 -604 y Fu(PF.IIN==:2)70 b FC(Soft.)16 b(Illegal)9 b(indirect:)17 -b(an)10 b(extended)i(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)h(calculation)d(has)g(found)g(an) -h(indirect)440 653 y(w)o(ord)i(in)h(whic)o(h)f(b)q(oth)h(bits)g(0)g(and)g(1)f -(are)i(one.)150 726 y Fu(PF.IAD==:3)70 b FC(Soft.)29 b(Illegal)16 -b(address:)28 b(a)17 b(memory)e(reference)21 b(has)d(b)q(een)h(made)d(to)i -(the)g(reserv)o(ed)i(section)440 775 y(7777.)150 848 y Fu(PF.MCK==:4)70 -b FC(Hard.)18 b(Micro)q(co)q(de)d(has)f(detected)i(an)d(error)i(condition.) -1351 832 y Fp(?)150 920 y Fu(PF.OFF==:5)70 b FC(Soft.)17 b(P)o(ager)d(is)g -(o\013)g(\()p Fv(MAP)f FC(double)h(w)o(ord\):)k Fv(MAP)c FC(o)q(ccurred)h -(while)f(the)g(pager)g(is)g(disabled.)150 992 y Fu(PF.NLP==:6)70 -b FC(Soft.)16 b(No)11 b(logical)e(page:)17 b(the)11 b(data)g(in)g(C\(E\))g -(for)g(a)g Fv(LDLPN)g FC(instruction)h(do)q(es)f(not)g(corresp)q(ond)440 -1042 y(to)i(a)h(legal)f(page{address)i(w)o(ord.)150 1114 y -Fu(PF.ZPC==:7)70 b FC(Hard.)17 b(Zero)c(PC:)e(the)h(data)g(in)f(a)g(trap)h -(or)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt)g(new{PC)g(w)o(ord)g(is)f(zero.)19 -b(The)12 b(second)440 1164 y(w)o(ord)h(is)h(the)h(bus)f(address)h(from)d -(whic)o(h)i(the)g(zero)h(w)o(as)f(fetc)o(hed.)150 1236 y Fu(PF.MBT==:10)48 -b FC(Hard.)18 b(Memory)13 b(\(Device\))h(busy)m(.)993 1221 -y Fp(?)150 1308 y Fu(PF.MTO==:11)48 b FC(Hard.)18 b(Memory)13 -b(\(Device\))h(timeout.)1053 1293 y Fp(?)150 1380 y Fu(PF.SRF==:12)48 -b FC(Hard.)18 b(Memory)13 b(\(Device\))h(self{reference.)1152 -1365 y Fp(?)150 1452 y Fu(PF.BPE==:13)48 b FC(Hard.)20 b(Although)14 -b(this)h(is)g(called)f(a)g(\\bus)h(parit)o(y)f(error,")i(it)e(actually)g -(means)g(that)g(a)h(source)440 1502 y(device)f(\(e.g.,)f(a)h(memory\))d(has)k -(sen)o(t)f(data)g(to)g(the)g(CPU)h(with)e(an)h(indication)f(that)h(the)g -(data)440 1552 y(w)o(as)f(bad)h(at)g(the)g(source.)856 1537 -y Fp(?)150 1624 y Fu(PF.HRD==:14)48 b FC(Hard.)18 b(Other)d(failure\(s\).)864 -1609 y Fp(?)150 1696 y Fu(PF.HMC==:15)48 b FC(Hard.)18 b(Hard)c(failure)f -(deliv)o(ered)h(subsequen)o(t)i(to)e(pro)q(cessing)h(b)o(y)e(the)i -(macro{console.)1844 1681 y Fp(?)150 1768 y Fu(PF.NA0==:40)48 -b FC(Soft.)17 b(No)d(access.)20 b(Sup)q(ersection.)150 1840 -y Fu(PF.NM0==:41)48 b FC(Soft.)17 b(Not)d(in)f(memory)m(.)j(Sup)q(ersection.) -150 1913 y Fu(PF.NM1==:42)48 b FC(Soft.)17 b(Not)d(in)f(memory)m(.)j(Sup)q -(ersection,)f(share)f(p)q(oin)o(ter.)150 1985 y Fu(PF.NM2==:43)48 -b FC(Soft.)17 b(Not)d(in)f(memory)m(.)j(Sup)q(ersection,)f(indirect)f(p)q -(oin)o(ter.)150 2057 y Fu(PF.NW0==:44)48 b FC(Soft.)17 b(W)m(rite)d(not)f -(allo)o(w)o(ed.)k(Sup)q(ersection.)150 2129 y Fu(PF.AT0==:45)48 -b FC(Soft.)17 b(Age)d(trap.)19 b(Section)14 b(T)m(able.)150 -2201 y Fu(PF.NA1==:50)48 b FC(Soft.)17 b(No)d(access.)20 b(Section.)150 -2273 y Fu(PF.NM3==:51)48 b FC(Soft.)17 b(Not)d(in)f(memory)m(.)j(Section.)150 -2346 y Fu(PF.NM4==:52)48 b FC(Soft.)17 b(Not)d(in)f(memory)m(.)j(Section,)d -(share)i(p)q(oin)o(ter.)150 2418 y Fu(PF.NM5==:53)48 b FC(Soft.)17 -b(Not)d(in)f(memory)m(.)j(Section,)d(indirect)i(p)q(oin)o(ter.)150 -2490 y Fu(PF.NW1==:54)48 b FC(Soft.)17 b(W)m(rite)d(not)f(allo)o(w)o(ed.)k -(Section.)150 2562 y Fu(PF.AT1==:55)48 b FC(Soft.)17 b(Age)d(trap.)19 -b(P)o(age)13 b(table.)150 2634 y Fu(PF.NA2==:60)48 b FC(Soft.)17 -b(No)d(access,)h(P)o(age.)150 2706 y Fu(PF.NM6==:61)48 b FC(Soft.)17 -b(Not)d(in)f(memory)m(.)j(P)o(age.)150 2778 y Fu(PF.NM7==:62)48 -b FC(Soft.)17 b(Not)d(in)f(memory)m(.)j(P)o(age,)d(share)i(p)q(oin)o(ter.)150 -2851 y Fu(PF.NM8==:63)48 b FC(Soft.)17 b(Not)d(in)f(memory)m(.)j(P)o(age,)d -(indirect)h(p)q(oin)o(ter.)150 2923 y Fu(PF.NW2==:64)48 b FC(Soft.)17 -b(W)m(rite)d(not)f(allo)o(w)o(ed.)k(P)o(age.)150 2995 y Fu(PF.AT2==:65)48 -b FC(Soft.)17 b(Age)d(trap.)19 b(P)o(age.)150 3067 y Fu(PF.NW3==:66)48 -b FC(Soft.)17 b(W)m(rite)d(not)f(allo)o(w)o(ed)g(\(p)q(er)i(CST\).)e(P)o -(age.)150 3120 y Fp(?)201 3135 y FC(Details)h(are)g(found)f(in)h(the)g -(implemen)o(tation{sp)q(eci\014c)e(w)o(ord)i Fu(UP.PFB)e FC(in)i(the)g -(Executiv)o(e)h(Pro)q(cess)h(T)m(able.)p eop -%%Page: 256 60 -256 59 bop 0 50 a FC(256)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)p 104 827 1495 2 v 103 -826 2 598 v 104 229 1495 2 v 1597 826 2 598 v 227 839 2 13 -v 352 839 V 477 839 V 601 839 V 726 839 V 850 847 2 21 v 975 -839 2 13 v 1099 839 V 1224 839 V 1348 839 V 1473 839 V 1619 -278 a Fu(UP.PFB==:500)1619 353 y(UP.PFD==:501)1619 428 y(UP.PF0==:502)1619 -503 y(UP.PF1==:503)1619 577 y(UP.POF==:504)1619 652 y(UP.POP==:505)1619 -727 y(UP.PNF==:506)1619 801 y(UP.PNP==:507)561 930 y FC(P)o(age{F)m(ailure)f -(Blo)q(c)o(k)h(at)g(UPT)g(500)0 279 y(500)p 104 304 1495 2 -v 0 354 a(501)p 104 379 V 0 428 a(502)p 104 453 V 0 503 a(503)p -104 528 V 0 578 a(504)p 104 603 V 0 653 a(505)p 104 677 V 0 -727 a(506)p 104 752 V 0 802 a(507)1561 856 y Fn(35)p 1597 303 -2 75 v -1479 w(0)p 103 303 V 772 280 a Fx(R)n(eserve)n(d)1561 -856 y Fn(35)p 1597 378 V -1479 w(0)p 103 378 V 772 355 a Fx(R)n(eserve)n(d) -1561 856 y Fn(35)p 1597 452 V -1479 w(0)p 103 452 V 511 425 -a Fx(Page{F)m(ailur)n(e)h(Wor)n(d)g(0)g(\(MAP)g(Wor)n(d)h(0\))1561 -856 y Fn(35)p 1597 527 V -1479 w(0)p 103 527 V 573 500 a Fx(F)m(aile)n(d)e(A) -n(ddr)n(ess)h(\(MAP)g(Wor)n(d)g(1\))606 856 y Fn(12)p 643 602 -V -524 w(0)p 103 602 V 287 575 a Fx(Old)f(Flags)814 856 y Fn(17)p -850 602 V -200 w(13)p 643 602 V 737 578 a Fx(0)938 856 y Fn(20)p -975 602 V -117 w(18)p 850 602 V 869 579 a Fx(CA)o(C)1063 856 -y Fn(23)p 1099 602 V -117 w(21)p 975 602 V 996 579 a Fx(P)m(A)o(C)1561 -856 y Fn(35)p 1597 602 V -491 w(24)p 1099 602 V 1121 579 a -Fx(Pr)n(evious)h(Context)g(Se)n(ction)324 856 y Fn(5)p 352 -677 V -225 w(0)p 103 677 V 218 653 a Fx(0)1561 856 y Fn(35)p -1597 677 V -1230 w(6)p 352 677 V 768 650 a Fx(PC)f(of)h(F)m(aile)n(d)g(R)n -(efer)n(enc)n(e)606 856 y Fn(12)p 643 751 V -524 w(0)p 103 -751 V 280 724 a Fx(New)f(Flags)814 856 y Fn(17)p 850 751 V --200 w(13)p 643 751 V 737 727 a Fx(0)938 856 y Fn(20)p 975 -751 V -117 w(18)p 850 751 V 869 728 a Fx(CA)o(C)1063 856 y -Fn(23)p 1099 751 V -117 w(21)p 975 751 V 996 728 a Fx(P)m(A)o(C)1561 -856 y Fn(35)p 1597 751 V -491 w(24)p 1099 751 V 1338 727 a -Fx(0)324 856 y Fn(5)p 352 826 V -225 w(0)p 103 826 V 218 802 -a Fx(0)1561 856 y Fn(35)p 1597 826 V -1230 w(6)p 352 826 V -900 803 a Fx(New)h(PC)0 1069 y FC(The)f(page{failure)f(double)h(w)o(ord)g -(will)e(app)q(ear)i(as)g(sho)o(wn)g(here:)402 1194 y(P)o(age{F)m(ailure)f -(Double)g(W)m(ord)g(in)h(UPT)g(\(Soft)g(F)m(ailure\))p 104 -1475 1495 2 v 103 1474 2 250 v 104 1226 1495 2 v 1597 1474 -2 250 v 227 1487 2 13 v 352 1487 V 477 1487 V 601 1487 V 726 -1487 V 850 1495 2 21 v 975 1487 2 13 v 1099 1487 V 1224 1487 -V 1348 1487 V 1473 1487 V 0 1301 a(502)0 1425 y(503)p 104 1351 -1495 2 v 1561 1504 a Fn(35)p 1597 1412 2 63 v -1479 w(0)p 103 -1412 V 458 1391 a Fx(Virtual)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess)h(\(bits)f(0{5)i(zer)n(o\),)e -(if)g(M=1,)h(or)1561 1504 y Fn(35)p 1597 1474 V -1479 w(0)p -103 1474 V 527 1454 a Fx(Bus)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(Wor)n(d,)f(if)h(P=1,)f(or)h -(Zer)n(o)116 1504 y Fn(0)p 144 1350 2 125 v -17 w(0)p 103 1350 -V 105 1302 a Fx(U)282 1504 y Fn(4)p 311 1350 V -141 w(1)p 144 -1350 V 145 1302 a Fx(R)n(eserve)n(d)407 1504 y Fn(7)p 435 1350 -V -17 w(7)p 394 1350 V 396 1302 a Fx(T)490 1504 y Fn(9)p 518 -1350 V -17 w(9)p 477 1350 V 475 1302 a Fx(M)523 1504 y Fn(10)p -560 1350 V -34 w(10)p 518 1350 V 521 1302 a Fx(P)814 1504 y -Fn(17)p 850 1350 V -242 w(12)p 601 1350 V 664 1281 a Fx(F)m(ailur)n(e)682 -1323 y(Co)n(de)1561 1504 y Fn(35)p 1597 1350 V -740 w(18)p -850 1350 V 1141 1302 a Fx(R)n(eserve)n(d)324 1504 y Fn(5)p -352 1350 V -17 w(5)p 311 1350 V 322 1301 a FC(0)365 1504 y -Fn(6)p 394 1350 V -17 w(6)p 352 1350 V 363 1301 a FC(0)448 -1504 y Fn(8)p 477 1350 V -17 w(8)p 435 1350 V 446 1301 a FC(0)0 -1643 y(This)i(format)e(is)i(similar)d(to)j Fv(MAP)g FC(double)f(w)o(ord)h(\() -p FA(x)q FC(3.7.3\).)26 b(In)17 b(the)g(\014rst)h(w)o(ord,)f(the)h(micro)q -(co)q(de)e(pro)o(vides)h(a)0 1693 y(sp)q(eci\014c)d(failure)e(indication)f -(in)h(the)h(failure)f(co)q(de)h(\014eld)f(\()p Fu(PF\045FLC)p -FC(\),)f(and)i(other)g(useful)f(information)e(is)i(pro)o(vided)0 -1743 y(in)j(the)h(\015ag)g(bits.)23 b(The)16 b(individual)e(\015ag)h(bits)g -(are)h(deco)q(ded)h(as)f(describ)q(ed)i(b)q(elo)o(w.)23 b(Among)13 -b(the)k(\015ag)e(bits)h(are)0 1792 y Fu(PF\045VRT)e FC(and)h -Fu(PF\045PHY)p FC(;)e(these)k(tell)d(ho)o(w)h(the)h(second)g(w)o(ord)f -(should)g(b)q(e)h(in)o(terpreted:)22 b(as)15 b(a)g(virtual{address,)g(a)0 -1842 y(ph)o(ysical)e(address,)i(or)f(not)g(relev)n(an)o(t)g(to)f(the)i -(failure.)0 1910 y Fx(U)147 b FC(User)17 b(\()p Fu(PF\045USR)p -FC(\):)e(if)h(set,)h(this)f(failure)f(o)q(ccurred)j(during)e(a)g(reference)j -(to)d(user)h(virtual)e(space;)j(oth-)178 1960 y(erwise,)e(it)f(o)q(ccurred)i -(during)d(a)h(reference)j(to)d(executiv)o(e)h(virtual)e(space.)23 -b(Note)15 b(that,)g(b)o(y)g(means)g(of)178 2009 y Fv(PX)o(CT)p -FC(,)d(the)i(executiv)o(e)h(can)f(mak)o(e)e(references)17 b(to)c(user)i -(virtual)e(space;)h(hence,)h(the)f Fx(U)20 b FC(bit)14 b(do)q(es)g(not)178 -2059 y(indicate)f(that)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(w)o(as)e(in)g(User)h(mo)q(de)e -(at)h(the)h(time)d(of)i(the)h(reference.)20 b(\(The)13 b(sa)o(v)o(ed)h(PC)178 -2109 y(\015ags)g(re\015ect)i(the)e(pro)q(cessor)i(mo)q(de.\))0 -2195 y Fx(T)148 b FC(Op)q(eration)19 b(T)o(yp)q(e)f(\()p Fu(PF\045TYP==:1B7)p -FC(\):)24 b Fx(T)f FC(is)18 b(0)g(for)g(a)g(read)g(op)q(eration)g(and)g(1)g -(for)f(an)o(y)h(op)q(eration)178 2244 y(in)o(v)o(olving)13 -b(a)i(write.)22 b(\(This)16 b(\015ag)e(is)h(not)h(v)n(alid)d(for)i -(page{failure)f(co)q(des)j Fu(PF.AOK)p FC(,)c Fu(PF.IIN)p FC(,)h -Fu(PF.MCK)p FC(,)178 2294 y Fu(PF.OFF)p FC(,)e Fu(PF.NLP)p -FC(,)g(and)i Fu(PF.ZPC)p FC(.\))0 2380 y Fx(M)141 b FC(Virtual)13 -b(Memory)g(\()p Fu(PF\045VRT==:1B9)p FC(\):)j(This)d(bit)h(is)f(1)h(when)g -(the)g(second)h(w)o(ord)f(con)o(tains)g(a)f(virtual{)178 2430 -y(address.)34 b(If)18 b(this)h(bit)f(and)g Fu(PF\045PHY)g FC(are)h(b)q(oth)f -(zero,)j(the)e(second)h(w)o(ord)e(is)g(zero:)29 b(no)18 b(address)i(is)178 -2479 y(asso)q(ciated)15 b(with)e(this)h(page)g(failure.)j(No)d(page)g -(failures)f(set)i(b)q(oth)f(this)g(bit)g(and)g Fu(PF\045PHY)e -FC(to)i(one.)0 2565 y Fx(P)150 b FC(Ph)o(ysical)10 b(Memory)f(\()p -Fu(PF\045PHY==:1B10)p FC(\):)14 b(This)c(bit)f(is)h(1)g(when)h(the)f(second)i -(w)o(ord)e(con)o(tains)g(a)f(ph)o(ysical)178 2615 y(address)16 -b(\(i.e.,)d(a)i(bus)f(address)i(w)o(ord\).)k(If)14 b(this)h(bit)f(and)g -Fu(PF\045VRT)g FC(are)h(b)q(oth)f(zero,)h(the)g(second)h(w)o(ord)p -eop -%%Page: 257 61 -257 60 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(257)328 195 y(is)15 b(zero:)20 b(no)14 b(address)i(is)e -(asso)q(ciated)i(with)e(this)h(page)f(failure.)19 b(No)c(page)f(failures)g -(set)i(b)q(oth)f(this)f(bit)328 245 y(and)e Fu(PF\045VRT)f -FC(to)h(1.)17 b(This)c(bit)e(will)g(b)q(e)i(set)g(in)f(a)g(Zero)h(PC)f(trap,) -h(in)e(a)h Fv(MAP)g FC(double)g(w)o(ord)g(that)g(found)328 -295 y(a)i(v)n(alid)e(mapping,)f(and)j(in)f(some)g(hard)h(failures.)150 -380 y Fx(F)m(ailur)n(e)150 430 y(Co)n(de)328 380 y FC(The)j(failure{co)q(de)g -(\014eld)f(\()p Fu(PF\045FLC)p FC(\))g(con)o(tains)h(a)f(unique)h(co)q(de)g -(that)g(describ)q(es)i(the)e(nature)g(of)f(the)328 430 y(particular)g -(failure.)25 b(The)16 b(co)q(des)i(are)f(unique:)22 b(in)16 -b(all)f(cases)j(the)f(co)q(de)g(alone)f(can)g(pro)o(vide)g(all)f(the)328 -480 y(information)e(needed)k(to)f(describ)q(e)h(the)f(nature)h(of)e(the)h -(page)g(failure.)22 b(The)16 b(complete)f(set)i(of)e(page)328 -530 y(failure)e(co)q(des)i(is)f(depicted)h(in)f(T)m(able)f(3.2.)150 -697 y Fz(Hard)j(P)o(age)f(F)l(ailure)150 819 y FC(\\Hard")e(page{failures)f -(trap)i(through)f(the)h(page{failure)e(data)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(in)h(the)h(EPT.)f -(A)g(hard)g(failure)g(indicates)150 869 y(that)j(one)g(of)f(a)g(collection)g -(of)g(miscellaneous)g(hardw)o(are{related)h(conditions)f(has)h(o)q(ccurred.) -25 b(Some)15 b(of)g(these)150 919 y(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(soft)o(w)o(are{induced)h -(failures)e(that)h(are)g(exp)q(ected)i(\(e.g.,)d(bus)h(timeouts)f(or)h -(self{reference)i(while)d(con-)150 969 y(\014guring)k(the)h(system\),)f(some) -g(migh)o(t)e(b)q(e)j(corrected)h(b)o(y)e(rep)q(eating)h(the)g(op)q(eration)f -(that)g(failed)f(\(e.g.,)i(busy)150 1018 y(timeout\),)e(and)h(others)h -(represen)o(t)i(failures)c(of)h(comp)q(onen)o(ts)f(or)h(unreliable)g(data)g -(transmission)e(that)i(mak)o(e)150 1068 y(further)d(op)q(eration)f(of)f(the)h -(system)g(doubtful)f(\(e.g.,)g(an)o(y)g(of)h(the)g(parit)o(y{error)g -(indications\).)150 1154 y(There)j(are)f(sev)o(en)h(classes)h(of)d(\\hard")g -(failures:)22 b(bus)17 b(timeout,)d(bus)j(busy)m(,)e(self{reference,)k(bus)d -(parit)o(y)f(error,)150 1204 y(mac)o(hine)e(c)o(hec)o(k,)h(zero)h(PC,)e(and)h -(\\other".)212 1325 y FA(\017)21 b FC(A)10 b(bus)g(timeout)f(indicates)h -(that)g(an)g(exp)q(ected)i(resp)q(onse)f(\(for)f(example,)f(the)i(resp)q -(onse)g(to)f(a)g(read)g(request\))254 1375 y(has)17 b(not)f(arriv)o(ed.)27 -b(Unless)18 b(there)g(is)e(a)h(hardw)o(are)g(fault,)f(this)h(usually)f(means) -g(that)g(the)i(program)d(has)254 1425 y(addressed)e(a)f(memory)d(lo)q(cation) -i(\(or)h(device)h(con)o(trol)f(lo)q(cation\))f(that)h(do)q(es)g(not)g(exist.) -18 b(The)12 b(bus)g(timeout)254 1475 y(in)o(terv)n(al)h(for)g(the)i(XKL)630 -1471 y(-)642 1475 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)h(is)f(appro)o(ximately)d(7.5)i -(microseconds.)212 1555 y FA(\017)21 b FC(The)14 b(busy)h(condition)e -(results)j(from)c(a)i(device)h(returning)g(\\busy")f(in)f(64)h(consecutiv)o -(e)i(attempts)d(b)o(y)h(the)254 1605 y(pro)q(cessor)j(to)e(access)i(it.)22 -b(P)o(ossibly)m(,)15 b(the)h(condition)e(will)g(clear)i(up)f(after)h(w)o -(aiting)e(\(devices)i(are)g(\\busy")254 1655 y(during)h(their)i(p)q(o)o(w)o -(er{on)e(initialization)e(sequence\),)21 b(or)d(p)q(ossibly)f(the)i(device)f -(someho)o(w)f(has)h(b)q(ecome)254 1705 y(\\jamm)o(ed")11 b(and)j(it)f(ma)o(y) -f(need)j(to)f(b)q(e)h(reset.)212 1786 y FA(\017)21 b FC(A)12 -b(self{reference)j(error)e(o)q(ccurs)h(when)e(the)h(CPU)g(mak)o(es)e(a)h -(reference)j(to)d(a)g(slot)g(and)g(detects)j(that)d(it)g(has)254 -1835 y(addressed)j(itself.)212 1916 y FA(\017)21 b FC(The)14 -b(bac)o(kplane)f(bus)h(do)q(es)g(not)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(parit)o(y)m(,)f(hence)j -(\\bus)f(parit)o(y)f(error")h(do)q(es)h(not)e(denote)i(an)e(error)h(in)254 -1966 y(the)j(op)q(eration)f(of)f(the)i(bac)o(kplane)f(bus.)25 -b(Instead,)17 b(\\bus)f(parit)o(y)g(error")h(signi\014es)f(that)g(a)g -(device,)h(suc)o(h)254 2016 y(as)e(a)g(memory)d(\(whic)o(h)j(k)o(eeps)h(trac) -o(k)g(of)e(data)h(parit)o(y)g(in)o(ternally\),)f(has)h(sen)o(t)h(data)e(on)h -(the)h(bus)f(with)g(an)254 2066 y(indication)d(that)i(the)h(data)e(is)h(susp) -q(ect,)i(ha)o(ving)c(failed)h(the)i(device's)f(in)o(ternal)g(parit)o(y)f(c)o -(hec)o(k.)212 2146 y FA(\017)21 b FC(Mac)o(hine)14 b(c)o(hec)o(k)h(indicates) -f(that)g(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(has)g(detected)i(a)d(hardw)o(are)i(error.) -212 2227 y FA(\017)21 b FC(Zero)14 b(PC)h(indicates)f(that)g(the)g(data)g(in) -f(a)h(trap)g(or)g(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i(new)f(PC)g(w)o(ord)g(is)g(zero.)212 -2308 y FA(\017)21 b FC(The)14 b(\\other")g(errors)i(include)e(bad)g(bus)g -(cycles,)h(scram)o(bled)f(data)f(order)i(\(during)f(a)g(cac)o(he)h -(re\014ll\),)e(other)254 2358 y(bus)h(failures,)f(and)h(other)g(hardw)o(are)h -(conditions.)150 2479 y(The)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(the)h(P)o(age{F)m(ailure) -e(Data)h(Blo)q(c)o(k)g(for)g(hard)g(page)h(failures,)e(found)h(in)g(the)h -(EPT,)f(are)h(sho)o(wn)150 2529 y(in)c(T)m(able)g(3.3.)17 b(The)c(w)o(ords)f -(at)h(lo)q(cations)f(504{507)f(are)i(the)g(same)e(as)i(those)g(describ)q(ed)i -(for)d(a)g(soft)h(page)f(failure.)150 2579 y(The)18 b(page{failure)e(double)h -(w)o(ord)g(in)g(lo)q(cations)g(502{503)e(and)i(the)h(other)g(w)o(ords)g(in)e -(lo)q(cations)h(500{517)f(are)150 2629 y(detailed)e(b)q(elo)o(w.)p -eop -%%Page: 258 62 -258 61 bop 0 50 a FC(258)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)381 729 y Fy(T)-5 b(able)18 -b(3.3:)24 b(P)n(age{F)-5 b(ailure)19 b(Blo)r(c)n(k)f(at)g(EPT)h(500)p -104 2035 1495 2 v 103 2034 2 1196 v 104 839 1495 2 v 1597 2034 -2 1196 v 227 2046 2 13 v 352 2046 V 477 2046 V 601 2046 V 726 -2046 V 850 2055 2 21 v 975 2046 2 13 v 1099 2046 V 1224 2046 -V 1348 2046 V 1473 2046 V 227 838 V 352 838 V 477 838 V 601 -838 V 726 838 V 850 838 2 21 v 975 838 2 13 v 1099 838 V 1224 -838 V 1348 838 V 1473 838 V 104 1437 1495 2 v 0 1487 a FC(510)p -104 1512 V 0 1562 a(511)p 104 1586 V 0 1636 a(512)p 104 1661 -V 0 1711 a(513)p 104 1736 V 0 1786 a(514)p 104 1810 V 0 1860 -a(515)p 104 1885 V 0 1935 a(516)p 104 1960 V 0 2010 a(517)1619 -1521 y(P)o(ager)14 b(Set)h(0)1619 1670 y(P)o(ager)f(Set)h(1)1619 -1824 y(Cac)o(he)f(Set)h(0)1619 1974 y(Cac)o(he)f(Set)h(1)0 -889 y(500)p 104 914 V 0 964 a(501)p 104 989 V 0 1038 a(502)p -104 1063 V 0 1113 a(503)p 104 1138 V 0 1188 a(504)p 104 1213 -V 0 1263 a(505)p 104 1287 V 0 1337 a(506)p 104 1362 V 0 1412 -a(507)199 2064 y Fn(2)p 227 913 2 75 v -100 w(0)p 103 913 V -156 889 a FC(0)241 2064 y Fn(3)p 269 913 V -17 w(3)p 227 913 -V 232 869 a Ff(B)233 905 y(P)282 2064 y Fn(4)p 311 913 V -17 -w(4)p 269 913 V 274 869 a Ff(B)274 905 y(C)324 2064 y Fn(5)p -352 913 V -17 w(5)p 311 913 V 316 869 a Ff(P)316 905 y(E)365 -2064 y Fn(6)p 394 913 V -17 w(6)p 352 913 V 352 869 a Ff(W)352 -905 y(W)407 2064 y Fn(7)p 435 913 V -17 w(7)p 394 913 V 398 -869 a Ff(U)398 905 y(C)448 2064 y Fn(8)p 477 913 V -17 w(8)p -435 913 V 440 869 a Ff(C)440 905 y(T)490 2064 y Fn(9)p 518 -913 V -17 w(9)p 477 913 V 481 869 a Ff(C)481 905 y(D)523 2064 -y Fn(10)p 560 913 V -34 w(10)p 518 913 V 523 869 a Ff(C)518 -905 y(W)565 2064 y Fn(11)p 601 913 V -34 w(11)p 560 913 V 564 -869 a Ff(B)564 905 y(R)814 2064 y Fn(17)p 850 913 V -242 w(12)p -601 913 V 716 889 a FC(0)855 2064 y Fn(18)p 892 913 V -34 w(18)p -850 913 V 855 869 a Ff(R)855 905 y(T)897 2064 y Fn(19)p 933 -913 V -34 w(19)p 892 913 V 896 869 a Ff(T)895 905 y(O)1021 -2064 y Fn(22)p 1058 913 V -117 w(20)p 933 913 V 962 890 a Fx(TT)1063 -2064 y Fn(23)p 1099 913 V -34 w(23)p 1058 913 V 1054 890 a -Fx(W)1104 2064 y Fn(24)p 1141 913 V -34 w(24)p 1099 913 V 1101 -890 a Fx(U)1146 2064 y Fn(25)p 1182 913 V -34 w(25)p 1141 913 -V 1143 890 a Fx(V)1187 2064 y Fn(26)p 1224 913 V -34 w(26)p -1182 913 V 1188 890 a Fx(S)1561 2064 y Fn(35)p 1597 913 V -366 -w(27)p 1224 913 V 1401 889 a FC(0)1561 2064 y Fn(35)p 1597 -988 V -1479 w(0)p 103 988 V 714 965 a Fx(Pr)n(o)n(c)n(essor)f(Data)116 -2064 y Fn(0)p 144 1511 V -17 w(0)p 103 1511 V 105 1488 a Fx(U)158 -2064 y Fn(1)p 186 1511 V -17 w(1)p 144 1511 V 146 1488 a Fx(V)199 -2064 y Fn(2)p 227 1511 V -17 w(2)p 186 1511 V 191 1467 a Ff(T)191 -1502 y(P)241 2064 y Fn(3)p 269 1511 V -17 w(3)p 227 1511 V -231 1467 a Ff(D)233 1502 y(P)324 2064 y Fn(5)p 352 1511 V -59 -w(4)p 269 1511 V 301 1487 a Fx(0)648 2064 y Fn(13)p 684 1511 -V -317 w(6)p 352 1511 V 481 1484 a Fx(T)m(ag)1561 2064 y Fn(35)p -1597 1511 V -906 w(14)p 684 1511 V 1131 1487 a Fx(0)158 2064 -y Fn(1)p 186 1586 V -59 w(0)p 103 1586 V 135 1562 a Fx(0)199 -2064 y Fn(2)p 227 1586 V -17 w(2)p 186 1586 V 183 1562 a Fx(W)241 -2064 y Fn(3)p 269 1586 V -17 w(3)p 227 1586 V 229 1562 a Fx(A)282 -2064 y Fn(4)p 311 1586 V -17 w(4)p 269 1586 V 272 1562 a Fx(C)448 -2064 y Fn(8)p 477 1586 V -141 w(5)p 311 1586 V 362 1562 a Fx(PB)490 -2064 y Fn(9)p 518 1586 V -17 w(9)p 477 1586 V 478 1562 a Fx(D)565 -2064 y Fn(11)p 601 1586 V -76 w(10)p 518 1586 V 550 1562 a -Fx(0)731 2064 y Fn(15)p 767 1586 V -159 w(12)p 601 1586 V 646 -1563 a Fx(Slot)1561 2064 y Fn(35)p 1597 1586 V -823 w(16)p -767 1586 V 1057 1559 a Fx(Page)i(Numb)n(er)116 2064 y Fn(0)p -144 1660 V -17 w(0)p 103 1660 V 105 1637 a Fx(U)158 2064 y -Fn(1)p 186 1660 V -17 w(1)p 144 1660 V 146 1637 a Fx(V)199 -2064 y Fn(2)p 227 1660 V -17 w(2)p 186 1660 V 191 1617 a Ff(T)191 -1652 y(P)241 2064 y Fn(3)p 269 1660 V -17 w(3)p 227 1660 V -231 1617 a Ff(D)233 1652 y(P)324 2064 y Fn(5)p 352 1660 V -59 -w(4)p 269 1660 V 301 1636 a Fx(0)648 2064 y Fn(13)p 684 1660 -V -317 w(6)p 352 1660 V 481 1633 a Fx(T)m(ag)1561 2064 y Fn(35)p -1597 1660 V -906 w(14)p 684 1660 V 1131 1636 a Fx(0)158 2064 -y Fn(1)p 186 1735 V -59 w(0)p 103 1735 V 135 1711 a Fx(0)199 -2064 y Fn(2)p 227 1735 V -17 w(2)p 186 1735 V 183 1712 a Fx(W)241 -2064 y Fn(3)p 269 1735 V -17 w(3)p 227 1735 V 229 1712 a Fx(A)282 -2064 y Fn(4)p 311 1735 V -17 w(4)p 269 1735 V 272 1712 a Fx(C)448 -2064 y Fn(8)p 477 1735 V -141 w(5)p 311 1735 V 362 1712 a Fx(PB)490 -2064 y Fn(9)p 518 1735 V -17 w(9)p 477 1735 V 478 1712 a Fx(D)565 -2064 y Fn(11)p 601 1735 V -76 w(10)p 518 1735 V 550 1711 a -Fx(0)731 2064 y Fn(15)p 767 1735 V -159 w(12)p 601 1735 V 646 -1712 a Fx(Slot)1561 2064 y Fn(35)p 1597 1735 V -823 w(16)p -767 1735 V 1057 1708 a Fx(Page)g(Numb)n(er)199 2064 y Fn(2)p -227 1810 V -100 w(0)p 103 1810 V 155 1786 a Fx(0)365 2064 y -Fn(6)p 394 1810 V -141 w(3)p 227 1810 V 273 1787 a Fx(Slot)897 -2064 y Fn(19)p 933 1810 V -524 w(7)p 394 1810 V 627 1782 a -Fx(T)m(ag)980 2064 y Fn(21)p 1016 1810 V -76 w(20)p 933 1810 -V 965 1786 a Fx(0)1021 2064 y Fn(22)p 1058 1810 V -34 w(22)p -1016 1810 V 1021 1766 a Ff(T)1022 1801 y(P)1063 2064 y Fn(23)p -1099 1810 V -34 w(23)p 1058 1810 V 1062 1766 a Ff(D)1063 1801 -y(P)1436 2064 y Fn(32)p 1473 1810 V -366 w(24)p 1099 1810 V -1276 1786 a Fx(0)1478 2064 y Fn(33)p 1514 1810 V -34 w(33)p -1473 1810 V 1475 1786 a Fx(V)1519 2064 y Fn(34)p 1556 1810 -V -34 w(34)p 1514 1810 V 1525 1786 a Fx(0)1561 2064 y Fn(35)p -1597 1810 V -34 w(35)p 1556 1810 V 1555 1786 a Fx(M)1561 2064 -y Fn(35)p 1597 1884 V -1479 w(0)p 103 1884 V 745 1861 a FC(Cac)o(he)e(Data) -199 2064 y Fn(2)p 227 1959 V -100 w(0)p 103 1959 V 155 1935 -a Fx(0)365 2064 y Fn(6)p 394 1959 V -141 w(3)p 227 1959 V 273 -1936 a Fx(Slot)897 2064 y Fn(19)p 933 1959 V -524 w(7)p 394 -1959 V 627 1932 a Fx(T)m(ag)980 2064 y Fn(21)p 1016 1959 V --76 w(20)p 933 1959 V 965 1935 a Fx(0)1021 2064 y Fn(22)p 1058 -1959 V -34 w(22)p 1016 1959 V 1021 1916 a Ff(T)1022 1951 y(P)1063 -2064 y Fn(23)p 1099 1959 V -34 w(23)p 1058 1959 V 1062 1916 -a Ff(D)1063 1951 y(P)1436 2064 y Fn(32)p 1473 1959 V -366 w(24)p -1099 1959 V 1276 1935 a Fx(0)1478 2064 y Fn(33)p 1514 1959 -V -34 w(33)p 1473 1959 V 1475 1936 a Fx(V)1519 2064 y Fn(34)p -1556 1959 V -34 w(34)p 1514 1959 V 1525 1935 a Fx(0)1561 2064 -y Fn(35)p 1597 1959 V -34 w(35)p 1556 1959 V 1555 1936 a Fx(M)1561 -2064 y Fn(35)p 1597 2034 V -1479 w(0)p 103 2034 V 745 2011 -a FC(Cac)o(he)g(Data)1561 2064 y Fn(35)p 1597 1062 V -1479 -w(0)p 103 1062 V 511 1035 a Fx(Page{F)m(ailur)n(e)h(Wor)n(d)g(0)g(\(MAP)g -(Wor)n(d)h(0\))1561 2064 y Fn(35)p 1597 1137 V -1479 w(0)p -103 1137 V 573 1110 a Fx(F)m(aile)n(d)e(A)n(ddr)n(ess)h(\(MAP)g(Wor)n(d)g -(1\))606 2064 y Fn(12)p 643 1212 V -524 w(0)p 103 1212 V 287 -1185 a Fx(Old)f(Flags)814 2064 y Fn(17)p 850 1212 V -200 w(13)p -643 1212 V 737 1188 a Fx(0)938 2064 y Fn(20)p 975 1212 V -117 -w(18)p 850 1212 V 869 1189 a Fx(CA)o(C)1063 2064 y Fn(23)p -1099 1212 V -117 w(21)p 975 1212 V 996 1189 a Fx(P)m(A)o(C)1561 -2064 y Fn(35)p 1597 1212 V -491 w(24)p 1099 1212 V 1121 1189 -a Fx(Pr)n(evious)h(Context)g(Se)n(ction)324 2064 y Fn(5)p 352 -1287 V -225 w(0)p 103 1287 V 218 1263 a Fx(0)1561 2064 y Fn(35)p -1597 1287 V -1230 w(6)p 352 1287 V 768 1260 a Fx(PC)f(of)h(F)m(aile)n(d)g(R)n -(efer)n(enc)n(e)606 2064 y Fn(12)p 643 1361 V -524 w(0)p 103 -1361 V 280 1334 a Fx(New)f(Flags)814 2064 y Fn(17)p 850 1361 -V -200 w(13)p 643 1361 V 737 1337 a Fx(0)938 2064 y Fn(20)p -975 1361 V -117 w(18)p 850 1361 V 869 1338 a Fx(CA)o(C)1063 -2064 y Fn(23)p 1099 1361 V -117 w(21)p 975 1361 V 996 1338 -a Fx(P)m(A)o(C)1561 2064 y Fn(35)p 1597 1361 V -491 w(24)p -1099 1361 V 1338 1337 a Fx(0)324 2064 y Fn(5)p 352 1436 V -225 -w(0)p 103 1436 V 218 1412 a Fx(0)1561 2064 y Fn(35)p 1597 1436 -V -1230 w(6)p 352 1436 V 900 1413 a Fx(New)h(PC)p eop -%%Page: 259 63 -259 62 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(259)150 195 y(Implemen)o(tation{sp)q(eci\014c)12 -b(\015ags)h(are)h(stored)g(in)f(EPT)g(lo)q(cations)g(500{501)f(and)h -(510{517.)j(\(The)e(implementa-)150 245 y(tion{sp)q(eci\014c)g(information)d -(is)i(apt)h(to)f(c)o(hange)h(with)f(revisions)h(to)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(or) -d(its)h(micro)q(co)q(de.\))j(F)m(or)c(the)150 295 y(XKL)241 -291 y(-)253 295 y(1,)g(the)i(implemen)o(tatio)o(n{sp)q(eci\014c)d -(information)f(is)j(as)g(describ)q(ed)i(here.)150 380 y(F)m(or)h -(page{failure)g(co)q(de)i Fu(PF.MCK)d FC(EPT)i(lo)q(cation)f(500)g(\()p -Fu(UP.PFB==:500)p FC(\))e(con)o(tains)j(data)f(p)q(ertaining)h(to)f(the)150 -430 y(mac)o(hine)c(c)o(hec)o(k;)h(this)g(data)f(is)h(sp)q(eci\014c)i(to)d -(the)i(XKL)1011 426 y(-)1023 430 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de.)150 -516 y(F)m(or)h(page{failure)g(co)q(des)i Fu(PF.MBT)p FC(,)d -Fu(PF.MTO)p FC(,)g Fu(PF.SRF)p FC(,)g Fu(PF.BPE)p FC(,)g(and)i -Fu(PF.HRD)p FC(,)e(EPT)i(lo)q(cation)f(500)g(\()p Fu(UP.PFB)p -FC(\))150 565 y(con)o(tains)f(data)f(sp)q(eci\014c)j(to)d(the)i -(page{failure:)150 633 y Fx(BP)207 618 y Fp(?)352 633 y FC(\()p -Fu(HPF\045BP==:1B3)p FC(\))39 b(Both)13 b(pager)h(sets)g(matc)o(hed.)j(This) -12 b(error)i(results)g(when)f(the)h(pager)f(tag)f(RAM)352 683 -y(con)o(tains)i(the)g(same,)f(v)n(alid)f(data)i(in)f(b)q(oth)h(halv)o(es.)150 -769 y Fx(BC)209 753 y Fp(?)352 769 y FC(\()p Fu(HPF\045BC==:1B4)p -FC(\))39 b(Both)14 b(cac)o(he)g(sets)g(matc)o(hed.)j(This)c(error)h(results)g -(when)g(the)g(cac)o(he)g(tag)e(RAM)352 818 y(con)o(tains)i(the)g(same,)f(v)n -(alid)f(data)i(in)f(b)q(oth)h(halv)o(es.)150 904 y Fx(PE)206 -889 y Fp(?)352 904 y FC(\()p Fu(HPF\045PE==:1B5)p FC(\))39 -b(Memory)13 b(parit)o(y)h(error.)150 989 y Fx(WW)232 974 y -Fp(?)352 989 y FC(\()p Fu(HPF\045WW==:1B6)p FC(\))39 b(W)m(rong)17 -b(w)o(ord)g(order.)30 b(The)17 b(memory)e(returned)k(data)f(in)f(a)g -(sequence)i(other)352 1039 y(than)14 b(what)g(w)o(as)f(requested.)150 -1125 y Fx(UC)211 1110 y Fp(?)352 1125 y FC(\()p Fu(HPF\045UC==:1B7)p -FC(\))39 b(Unexp)q(ected)19 b(cycle.)25 b(A)16 b(device)h(on)e(the)i(bac)o -(kplane)f(bus)g(has)h(addressed)g(the)352 1175 y(CPU)c(in)g(a)g(cycle)h(that) -f(w)o(as)g(not)g(exp)q(ected)i(\(e.g.,)d(\\Read)h(Return")g(when)g(no)g(read) -h(w)o(as)f(outstand-)352 1224 y(ing\).)150 1310 y Fx(CT)210 -1295 y Fp(?)352 1310 y FC(\()p Fu(HPF\045CT==:1B8)p FC(\))39 -b(Cac)o(he)15 b(tag)e(parit)o(y)h(error.)150 1396 y Fx(CD)211 -1381 y Fp(?)352 1396 y FC(\()p Fu(HPF\045CD==:1B9)p FC(\))39 -b(Cac)o(he)21 b(data)e(parit)o(y)g(error.)37 b(Cac)o(hed)20 -b(data)g(w)o(as)f(disco)o(v)o(ered)i(to)f(ha)o(v)o(e)f(bad)352 -1445 y(parit)o(y)13 b(as)h(it)g(w)o(as)g(b)q(eing)f(supplied)h(to)g(the)h -(CPU.)150 1531 y Fx(CW)221 1516 y Fp(?)352 1531 y FC(\()p Fu -(HPF\045CW==:1B10)p FC(\))39 b(Cac)o(he)18 b(writebac)o(k)f(parit)o(y)f -(error.)29 b(Cac)o(hed)17 b(data)g(w)o(as)g(found)f(to)h(ha)o(v)o(e)g(bad)352 -1581 y(parit)o(y)c(as)h(the)h(line)e(con)o(taining)g(the)i(data)e(w)o(as)h(b) -q(eing)g(written)g(to)g(memory)m(.)150 1651 y Fp(?)183 1666 -y Fx(BR)110 b FC(\()p Fu(HPF\045BR==:1B11)p FC(\))39 b(The)19 -b(ev)o(en)o(t)f(o)q(ccurred)i(during)e(a)g(Bus)h(Request.)31 -b(This)18 b(\015ag)f(is)h(a)g(mo)q(di\014er)352 1716 y(to)e(the)g(starred)h -(conditions)e(listed)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)24 b(It)15 b(signi\014es)h(that)g(the) -h(error)f(w)o(as)g(detected)i(during)d(a)352 1766 y(pro)q(cessor{initiated)g -(bus)f(request.)150 1852 y Fx(PT)144 b FC(\()p Fu(HPF\045PT==:1B15)p -FC(\))39 b(The)14 b(micro)q(co)q(de)g(deco)q(des)h(bits)f(20{22)f(to)h(set)h -(this)f(bit.)150 1937 y Fx(PD)143 b FC(\()p Fu(HPF\045PD==:1B16)p -FC(\))39 b(The)14 b(micro)q(co)q(de)g(deco)q(des)h(bits)f(20{22)f(to)h(set)h -(this)f(bit.)150 2023 y Fx(R)m(T)145 b FC(\()p Fu(HPF\045RT==:1B18)p -FC(\))39 b(Bus)21 b(retry)f(exhausted.)37 b(A)19 b(cycle)i(w)o(as)e -(attempted)h(in)f(whic)o(h)g(the)h(target)352 2072 y(device)f(resp)q(onded)i -(\\busy)m(.")31 b(The)19 b(cycle)g(w)o(as)g(thereup)q(on)h(rep)q(eated,)h -(but)e(the)g(busy)g(condition)352 2122 y(p)q(ersisted.)150 -2208 y Fx(TO)140 b FC(\()p Fu(HPF\045TO==:1B19)p FC(\))39 b(Bus)14 -b(timeout.)j(A)d(bus)g(cycle)g(w)o(as)f(attempted)h(to)f(a)g(sp)q(eci\014c)i -(device)g(\(i.e.,)d(to)352 2258 y(a)i(slot\),)f(but)h(there)h(w)o(as)f(no)g -(resp)q(onse)h(from)e(the)h(device.)150 2343 y Fx(TT)142 b -FC(\()p Fu(HPF\045TT==:7B22)p FC(\))39 b(T)m(rap)21 b(t)o(yp)q(e.)39 -b(This)21 b(\014eld)g(is)g(deco)q(ded)h(to)f(determine)g(the)g(details)g(of)f -(the)352 2393 y(trap:)352 2461 y(1)70 b(\()p Fu(HPF.NW==:1)p -FC(\))40 b(W)m(rite)16 b(Not)h(Allo)o(w)o(ed.)25 b(\(The)17 -b(data)f(in)g(the)i(left)e(half)g(of)g(this)g(w)o(ord)h(is)f(not)443 -2510 y(meaningful.\))352 2596 y(2)70 b(\()p Fu(HPF.AB==:2)p -FC(\))40 b(Address)15 b(Break.)k(\(The)13 b(data)g(in)g(the)h(left)f(half)f -(of)h(this)g(w)o(ord)g(is)g(not)g(mean-)p eop -%%Page: 260 64 -260 63 bop 0 50 a FC(260)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)293 195 y FC(ingful.\))202 -281 y(3)70 b(\()p Fu(HPF.AW==:3)p FC(\))40 b(W)m(rite)16 b(Not)g(Allo)o(w)o -(ed)f(and)g(Address)j(Break.)25 b(\(The)17 b(data)e(in)h(the)g(left)g(half) -293 330 y(of)e(this)g(w)o(ord)f(is)h(not)g(meaningful.\))202 -416 y(4)70 b(\()p Fu(HPF.HD==:4)p FC(\))40 b(Hard)12 b(P)o(age)h(F)m(ailure.) -j(Use)d(the)g(bits)f(in)g(the)h(left)f(half)f(to)h(deco)q(de)h(this)f(error.) -202 502 y(5)70 b(\()p Fu(HPF.PT==:5)p FC(\))40 b(P)o(ager)14 -b(tag)g(parit)o(y)f(error.)19 b(The)14 b(bits)g(in)g(the)g(left)g(half)f(are) -h(v)n(alid.)202 587 y(6)70 b(\()p Fu(HPF.PD==:6)p FC(\))40 -b(P)o(ager)14 b(data)g(parit)o(y)f(error.)19 b(The)14 b(bits)g(in)g(the)g -(left)g(half)f(are)h(v)n(alid.)202 673 y(7)70 b(\()p Fu(HPF.PB==:7)p -FC(\))40 b(Both)17 b(pager)g(tag)f(and)g(pager)h(data)f(parit)o(y)g(errors.) -27 b(The)17 b(bits)g(in)f(the)h(left)293 723 y(half)c(are)i(v)n(alid.)0 -808 y Fx(W)161 b FC(\()p Fu(HPF\045W==:1B23)p FC(\))39 b(W)m(rite)14 -b(reference.)0 894 y Fx(U)171 b FC(\()p Fu(HPF\045U==:1B24)p -FC(\))39 b(User)15 b(mo)q(de)e(reference.)0 979 y Fx(V)171 -b FC(\()p Fu(HPF\045V==:1B25)p FC(\))39 b(Virtual{address)15 -b(reference.)0 1065 y Fx(S)179 b FC(\()p Fu(HPF\045S==:1B26)p -FC(\))39 b(P)o(ager)13 b(set)g(1)f(\(or)g(b)q(oth\))g(matc)o(hed.)17 -b(If)12 b(zero,)h(either)g(set)g(0)f(matc)o(hed)f(or)h(neither)202 -1115 y(set)j(matc)o(hed.)0 1218 y(Lo)q(cation)e(501,)g(\()p -Fu(UP.PFD==:501)p FC(\))e(will)i(con)o(tain)g(data)g(copied)i(out)e(of)g(the) -i(pro)q(cessor's)g(\\D)e(to)h(D")f(latc)o(h.)18 b(This)0 1268 -y(information)11 b(ma)o(y)h(b)q(e)i(of)g(use)g(to)g(engineers)h(in)f(trac)o -(king)f(do)o(wn)h(the)g(precise)i(nature)e(of)g(the)g(page{failure.)0 -1353 y(Lo)q(cations)e(510{511)f(and)h(512{513)f(con)o(tain)h(data)g -(describing)h(the)g(state)g(of)f(pager)g(sets)i(0)e(and)g(1,)g(resp)q(ectiv)o -(ely)m(,)0 1403 y(for)h(the)g(pager)h(en)o(tries)g(addressed)h(b)o(y)d(bits)h -(14{26)f(of)h Fu(UP.PF1)p FC(.)j(This)d(data)g(is)g(v)n(alid)e(only)h(when)i -Fu(PF\045VRT)e FC(is)h(set.)0 1453 y(The)h(data)g(is)g(in)f(the)i(same)e -(format)f(as)i(is)f(used)i(b)o(y)f Fv(DRDPTB)f FC(instruction:)0 -1521 y Fx(U)174 b FC(User.)0 1606 y Fx(V)g FC(V)m(alid.)0 1692 -y Fx(TP)147 b FC(T)m(ag)13 b(parit)o(y)h(error.)0 1777 y Fx(DP)146 -b FC(Data)14 b(parit)o(y)f(error.)0 1863 y Fx(T)m(ag)138 b -FC(T)m(ag)13 b(data.)18 b(\(Virtual{address)c(bits)g(6{13.\))0 -1948 y Fx(W)164 b FC(W)m(ritable.)0 2034 y Fx(A)174 b FC(Address)16 -b(break)e(is)g(activ)o(e)g(on)f(this)h(page.)0 2120 y Fx(C)175 -b FC(Cac)o(heable.)0 2205 y Fx(PB)148 b FC(Data)14 b(parit)o(y)f(bits.)0 -2291 y Fx(D)174 b FC(Device)15 b(bit)e(for)h(this)g(map)e(en)o(try)m(.)0 -2376 y Fx(Slot)136 b FC(The)15 b(bac)o(kplane)e(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(for) -h(this)g(map)e(en)o(try)m(.)0 2462 y Fx(Page)0 2512 y(Numb)n(er)205 -2462 y FC(The)j(in{mo)q(dule)c(page)j(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(for)h(this)g(map)e -(en)o(try)m(.)0 2625 y(Lo)q(cations)g(514{515)f(and)h(516{517)f(con)o(tain)h -(data)g(describing)h(the)g(state)h(of)e(cac)o(he)h(sets)h(0)e(and)g(1,)g -(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(,)p eop -%%Page: 261 65 -261 64 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(261)150 195 y(for)13 b(cac)o(he)i(en)o(tries)f(addressed)h -(b)o(y)f Fu(UP.PF1)p FC(.)i(If)d Fu(PF\045PHY)f FC(is)i(set,)g(bits)f(20{32)g -(of)f Fu(UP.PF1)h FC(pro)o(vide)g(the)h(cac)o(he)g(line)150 -245 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)j(If)c Fu(PF\045VRT)f FC(is)i(set,)g(the)g(most)e -(signi\014can)o(t)h(7)g(bits)h(of)f(the)h(cac)o(he)g(line)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(come)g(from)f(bits)h(29{35)150 295 y(of)i(the)h Fx(p)n(age)h(numb)n(er)f -FC(\014eld)f(of)g(the)i(matc)o(hing)c(set)k(of)e(pager)h(data,)f(and)g(the)i -(least{signi\014can)o(t)e(six)g(bits)h(come)150 345 y(from)c(bits)i(27{32)f -(of)g Fu(UP.PF1)p FC(.)k(The)d(data)g(is)f(in)h(the)g(same)f(format)f(as)i -(pro)o(vided)g(b)o(y)g Fv(DRDCSH)p FC(.)150 412 y Fx(Slot)119 -b FC(The)15 b(slot)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)h(the)g(memory)d(mo)q(dule)i -(represen)o(ted)k(b)o(y)c(this)h(cac)o(he)h(en)o(try)m(.)150 -498 y Fx(T)m(ag)121 b FC(The)15 b(cac)o(he)f(tag)g(for)f(this)h(en)o(try)m(.) -19 b(\(Ph)o(ysical)13 b(address)i(bits)f(3{19.\))150 583 y -Fx(TP)130 b FC(T)m(ag)13 b(parit)o(y)g(error.)150 669 y Fx(DP)129 -b FC(Data)13 b(parit)o(y)h(error.)150 754 y Fx(V)157 b FC(V)m(alid.)150 -840 y Fx(M)151 b FC(Mo)q(di\014ed.)150 943 y(The)14 b(format)e(of)i(the)g -(page{failure)f(double)h(w)o(ord)g(asso)q(ciated)g(with)g(a)f(hard)h(page)g -(failure)f(is)544 1068 y(P)o(age{F)m(ailure)g(Double)g(W)m(ord)h(in)f(EPT)h -(\(Hard)g(F)m(ailure\))p 254 1349 1495 2 v 253 1348 2 250 v -254 1100 1495 2 v 1747 1348 2 250 v 377 1361 2 13 v 502 1361 -V 627 1361 V 751 1361 V 876 1361 V 1000 1369 2 21 v 1125 1361 -2 13 v 1249 1361 V 1374 1361 V 1498 1361 V 1623 1361 V 150 -1175 a(502)150 1300 y(503)p 254 1225 1495 2 v 1711 1379 a Fn(35)p -1747 1286 2 63 v -1479 w(0)p 253 1286 V 608 1265 a Fx(Virtual)g(A)n(ddr)n -(ess)h(\(bits)f(0{5)i(zer)n(o\),)e(if)g(M=1,)h(or)1711 1379 -y Fn(35)p 1747 1348 V -1479 w(0)p 253 1348 V 677 1328 a Fx(Bus)g(A)n(ddr)n -(ess)g(Wor)n(d,)f(if)h(P=1,)f(or)h(Zer)n(o)266 1379 y Fn(0)p -294 1224 2 125 v -17 w(0)p 253 1224 V 255 1176 a Fx(U)432 1379 -y Fn(4)p 461 1224 V -141 w(1)p 294 1224 V 295 1176 a Fx(R)n(eserve)n(d)557 -1379 y Fn(7)p 585 1224 V -17 w(7)p 544 1224 V 546 1176 a Fx(T)640 -1379 y Fn(9)p 668 1224 V -17 w(9)p 627 1224 V 625 1176 a Fx(M)673 -1379 y Fn(10)p 710 1224 V -34 w(10)p 668 1224 V 671 1176 a -Fx(P)964 1379 y Fn(17)p 1000 1224 V -242 w(12)p 751 1224 V -814 1155 a Fx(F)m(ailur)n(e)832 1197 y(Co)n(de)1711 1379 y -Fn(35)p 1747 1224 V -740 w(18)p 1000 1224 V 1247 1155 a Fx(Pointer)g(to)g -(the)1244 1197 y(Pr)n(evious)g(F)m(ault)474 1379 y Fn(5)p 502 -1224 V -17 w(5)p 461 1224 V 464 1176 a Fx(F)515 1379 y Fn(6)p -544 1224 V -17 w(6)p 502 1224 V 513 1175 a FC(1)598 1379 y -Fn(8)p 627 1224 V -17 w(8)p 585 1224 V 587 1176 a Fx(R)715 -1379 y Fn(11)p 751 1224 V -34 w(11)p 710 1224 V 719 1176 a -Fx(I)150 1517 y FC(The)d Fx(H)19 b FC(bit)12 b(\()p Fu(PF\045HRD==:1B6)p -FC(\))e(will)g(b)q(e)j(set)g(to)f(1)f(in)h(the)g(\014rst)h(page{failure)e(w)o -(ord.)18 b(The)12 b Fx(I)18 b FC(bit)12 b(\()p Fu(PF\045PI==:1B11)p -FC(\))150 1567 y(will)d(b)q(e)j(set)g(to)f(1)f(if)h(the)g(PI)g(system)g(w)o -(as)g(on)g(\(PIPION\))h(at)f(the)g(time)f(of)g(the)i(hard)f(page{failure.)16 -b(The)11 b(pro)q(cessor)150 1617 y(turns)k(o\013)f(the)h(PI)g(system)f(as)g -(it)g(traps)h(the)g(hard)f(page{failure,)f(so)h(the)h(program)e(m)o(ust)g -(examine)g(this)i(\015ag)e(in)150 1666 y(order)i(to)e(restore)j(the)e(state)h -(of)e(the)i(PI)f(system)g(correctly)h(when)f(returning)g(to)g(the)h(trapp)q -(ed{from)e(pro)q(cess.)150 1752 y(If)g(a)g(sp)q(eci\014c)h(address)h(is)e -(asso)q(ciated)h(with)f(the)g(failure,)g(that)g(address)h(will)e(b)q(e)i(rep) -q(orted)g(in)f(the)h(second)g(page{)150 1802 y(failure)g(w)o(ord.)19 -b(The)c(\014rst)g(page{failure)f(w)o(ord)g(sp)q(eci\014es)i(ho)o(w)e(the)h -(second)h(w)o(ord)e(is)g(to)g(b)q(e)h(in)o(terpreted:)21 b(either)150 -1852 y(as)c(a)f(ph)o(ysical)h(address)h(\(i.e.,)e(a)g(bus)i(address)g(w)o -(ord\),)f(as)f(a)h(virtual{address,)g(or)g(as)g(irrelev)n(an)o(t.)26 -b(When)17 b(the)150 1901 y(failure)d(is)i(asso)q(ciated)g(with)f(a)f -(particular)h(address)i(\(virtual)e(or)g(ph)o(ysical\),)g(then)g -Fx(T)21 b FC(\()p Fu(PF\045TYP)p FC(,)14 b(bit)g(7\))i(will)d(b)q(e)150 -1951 y(set)i(if)e(the)h(access)i(w)o(as)e(for)f(an)o(y)h(kind)f(of)g(write.) -150 2037 y(F)m(ailures)f(in)f(virtual{address)h(mo)q(de)f(ma)o(y)g(result)h -(from)f(an)o(y)g(mapp)q(ed)g(reference)k(to)d(memory)d(\(in)j(whic)o(h)g(a)g -(map)150 2087 y(en)o(try)17 b(w)o(as)e(found)h(and)g(used)g(to)g(mak)o(e)f -(the)h(reference\).)27 b(When)16 b(a)g(virtual{address)g(is)g(sp)q -(eci\014ed,)h Fx(M)23 b FC(will)14 b(b)q(e)150 2136 y(set)h(and)f -Fx(U)20 b FC(and)14 b Fx(T)19 b FC(will)12 b(b)q(e)j(as)f(describ)q(ed)h(in)f -(the)g(soft)g(failure)f(cases.)150 2222 y(F)m(ailures)e(in)g(ph)o -(ysical{address)g(mo)q(de)f(result)i(from)e(instructions)i(suc)o(h)g -Fv(PMO)o(VE)e FC(and)h Fv(PMO)o(VEM)f FC(and)h(from)e(the)150 -2272 y(pager)15 b(re\014ll)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(in)g(ph)o(ysical)h(mo)q(de)e -(references)18 b(to)d(the)g(SPT,)g(CST,)f(pro)q(cess)j(tables,)e(section)g -(tables,)150 2322 y(and)i(page)g(tables.)27 b(When)17 b(a)g(failure)f(o)q -(ccurs)j(in)d(ph)o(ysical{address)i(mo)q(de,)e Fx(P)21 b FC(will)16 -b(b)q(e)h(set)h(to)f(1)g(and)f Fx(T)22 b FC(will)150 2371 y(re\015ect)14 -b(the)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f(access.)19 b(The)13 b(BA)-5 b(W)13 -b(of)f(the)h(failing)d(reference)15 b(will)c(b)q(e)i(stored)g(in)f(the)h -(second)h(page{failure)150 2421 y(w)o(ord.)j(\(Note:)h(in)11 -b(the)h(XKL)606 2417 y(-)619 2421 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor,)j(bits)d(3{5)g(of)h -(the)g(BA)-5 b(W)12 b(are)g(stored)h(as)f(zero.\))18 b Fx(U)h -FC(is)11 b(not)h(meaningful.)150 2507 y(If)17 b Fx(R)i FC(\()p -Fu(PF\045RTP==:1B8)p FC(\))c(is)j(set)g(to)f(one,)h(this)g(is)f(a)g -(\\recursiv)o(e")i(trap:)25 b(a)17 b(reference)j(b)o(y)d(the)h(re\014ll)f -(micro)q(co)q(de)150 2557 y(to)h(a)g(pro)q(cess)h(table,)g(a)f(section)g -(table,)h(a)f(page)f(table,)i(the)g(SPT,)e(or)h(the)h(CST)f(failed,)f(or)h(a) -g(reference,)j(b)o(y)150 2606 y(trap{pro)q(cessing)15 b(micro)q(co)q(de,)e -(to)g(the)h(UPT)g(or)g(the)g(EPT)g(failed.)j(In)c(this)h(case,)g(the)g -(\014eld)g Fu(PF\045PFP==:777777)p eop -%%Page: 262 66 -262 65 bop 0 50 a FC(262)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FC(will)e(con)o(tain)i(the)g -(address)i(in)d(MemA)g(where)i(the)g(previous)f(fault)f(data)g(has)h(b)q(een) -h(logged.)0 281 y Fx(F)22 b FC(is)16 b(set)h(in)f(a)g(failure)g(condition)f -(\(one)i(of)f(busy)m(,)g(timeout,)f(or)h(self{reference\))j(whic)o(h,)d(had)h -(it)e(o)q(ccured)j(in)e(a)0 330 y Fv(MAP)d FC(instruction,)h(w)o(ould)f(ha)o -(v)o(e)h(b)q(een)h(rep)q(orted)g(to)f(that)g(instruction)g(instead)g(of)g -(trapping.)0 416 y(The)20 b(remaining)d(hard)i(failures)g(are)g(those)h(that) -g(are)f(detected)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(cen)o(tral)g(pro)q(cessor)h(in)e(a)f(w)o(a)o -(y)h(that)0 466 y(prev)o(en)o(ts)f(an)f(address)h(from)d(b)q(eing)i(asso)q -(ciated)h(with)e(the)i(failure.)26 b(In)17 b(this)g(situation,)g -Fx(M)23 b FC(and)17 b Fx(P)22 b FC(are)17 b(b)q(oth)0 516 y(zero,)d(as)g(is)g -(the)g(second)h(w)o(ord)f(of)f(the)i(page{failure)e(double)h(w)o(ord.)0 -601 y(No)g(hard)g(page)g(failure)f(sets)i(b)q(oth)f Fx(M)21 -b FC(and)13 b Fx(P)19 b FC(to)13 b(one.)0 687 y(If)h(the)g -Fx(BR)i FC(bit)e(in)f(lo)q(cation)g(500)g(is)h(zero,)g(the)h(rest)g(of)e -(this)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(is)h(of)f(doubtful)h(v)n(alidit)o(y)m(.)0 -826 y Fz(Hard)i(P)o(age{F)l(ailure)d(F)l(allbac)o(k)0 948 y -FC(In)21 b(some)e(circumstances,)k(the)e(pro)q(cessor)i(ma)o(y)18 -b(determine)j(that)g(a)f(problem)f(b)q(ey)o(ond)i(the)g(normal)e(scop)q(e)0 -998 y(and)e(complexit)o(y)d(of)i(page{failure)g(handling)g(has)g(o)q -(ccurred.)29 b(In)16 b(suc)o(h)i(cases,)g(the)f(pro)q(cessor)i(implemen)o(ts) -14 b(a)0 1048 y(\\fallbac)o(k")e(strategy)i(to)g(lo)q(cate)g(some)f(pro)q -(cess)j(capable)e(of)f(rep)q(orting)h(the)h(error.)0 1134 y(If)g(the)g(pro)q -(cessor)i(encoun)o(ters)g(a)e(page)g(failure)f(while)h(it)g(is)g(attempting)e -(a)i(pager)g(re\014ll)g(or)g(a)g(trap,)g(it)g(sets)h(the)0 -1183 y Fu(RPT)e FC(\015ag.)21 b(The)16 b(informal)c(name)i(for)h -Fu(RPT)f FC(is)h(\\recursiv)o(e)h(page)f(trap",)g(although)f(this)h(is)g(a)g -(misnomer.)k Fu(RPT)14 b FC(is)0 1233 y(set)h(when)f(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(is) -f(handling)e(a)i(trap)g(or)f(an)h(in)o(terrupt)g(and)g(it)f(encoun)o(ters)i -(a)f(page)f(failure.)18 b(F)m(allbac)o(k)0 1283 y(strategies)d(will)d(b)q(e)j -(attempted)f(in)f(this)h(order:)62 1396 y FA(\017)21 b FC(\\I/O)16 -b(P)o(age{F)m(ailure")g(when)h(a)f(page)h(fail)e(o)q(ccurs)k(during)d(the)h -(reference)j(to)c(a)h(page)f(table.)27 b(This)16 b(will)104 -1446 y(trap)e(through)g(the)g(curren)o(t)i(EPT.)62 1526 y FA(\017)21 -b FC(\\R)o(OM{F)m(allbac)o(k)9 b(P)o(age{F)m(ailure")h(o)q(ccurs)j(when)f(a)f -(page{failure)g(o)q(ccurs)i(during)e(an)g(I/O)g(P)o(age{F)m(ailure.)104 -1576 y(The)j(pro)q(cessor)i(will)c(attempt)h(to)h(use)h(the)f(R)o(OM)g(cop)o -(y)g(of)f(the)i(EPT.)62 1656 y FA(\017)21 b FC(\\Console)11 -b(F)m(allbac)o(k")f(P)o(age{F)m(ailure)h(o)q(ccurs)i(when)f(a)f(page{failure) -g(o)q(ccurs)i(during)e(R)o(OM{fallbac)o(k)f(pro-)104 1706 y(cessing.)0 -1873 y Fz(General)0 1995 y FC(F)m(or)g(a)h(page{failure)f(trap,)h(the)g -(Monitor)f(should)h(set)h(up)f(the)g(new)g(\015ag{PC)g(double)f(w)o(ord)h(in) -f(the)i(trap)e(lo)q(cations)0 2045 y(so)g(that)g(the)h(trap)f(switc)o(hes)h -(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(to)e(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de.)16 b(If)9 -b(able)h(to)g(rectify)g(the)h(situation,)f(the)g(Monitor)0 -2095 y(ev)o(en)o(tually)h(returns)i(to)e(the)h(in)o(terrupted)h(instruction,) -f(whic)o(h)f(starts)i(o)o(v)o(er)e(again)g(from)e(the)j(b)q(eginning)f(or)h -(from)0 2145 y(the)k(sa)o(v)o(e)f(p)q(oin)o(t)g(in)g(a)g(m)o(ultipart)e -(instruction.)23 b(Pro)o(vided)15 b(the)h(Monitor)f(restores)i(the)f(First)g -(P)o(art)g(Done)f(\015ag,)0 2194 y(ev)o(en)e(a)e(t)o(w)o(o{part)h -(instruction)g(that)g(has)g(b)q(een)h(stopp)q(ed)g(b)o(y)f(a)f(failure)h(in)f -(the)i(second)g(part)f(is)g(redone)g(prop)q(erly)m(.)0 2244 -y(The)20 b(mec)o(hanism)d(for)i(making)e(a)i(correct)i(return)f(and)g(the)g -(e\013ects)h(it)e(pro)q(duces)i(on)e(a)g Fv(BL)m(T)g FC(or)h -Fv(XBL)m(T)f FC(are)0 2294 y(the)f(same)f(as)h(for)f(an)g(in)o(terrupt;)j -(this)e(is)f(describ)q(ed)i(at)f(the)g(end)g(of)f FA(x)q FC(3.4.)28 -b(Before)18 b(returning)g(to)g(the)g(failed)0 2344 y(instruction,)13 -b(the)i(Monitor)e(m)o(ust)f(in)o(v)n(alidate)g(the)i(P)o(ager)g(T)m -(ranslation)e(Bu\013er)j(en)o(try)g(for)e(the)h(page)g(and)f(revise)0 -2394 y(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ters)f(for)g(the)g(new)g(situation.)k(Then,)d(when)f -(the)g(instruction)h(is)e(restarted,)j(the)e(pager)g(will)f(do)h(a)f -(re\014ll)0 2443 y(to)i(get)g(the)g(new,)g(correct)i(mapping.)0 -2529 y(A)11 b(no{access)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(implies)e(that)i(the)g(section)h -(or)e(page)h(do)q(es)h(not)e(exist.)18 b(Otherwise,)12 b(a)f(soft)f(failure)g -(do)q(es)i(not)0 2579 y(necessarily)k(imply)d(that)i(the)g(executing)h -(program)d(has)j(done)f(an)o(ything)f(\\wrong".)21 b(Consider)15 -b(a)g(t)o(ypical)f(case)0 2629 y(where)i(the)f(Monitor)g(has,)f(for)h -(example,)e(ten)j(or)e(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y)h(pages)g(of)g(a)f(user)i(program)d -(in)h(memory)m(.)k(When)d(the)p eop -%%Page: 263 67 -263 66 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(263)150 195 y(user)14 b(attempts)e(to)h(gain)f(access)i(to)f -(a)f(page)h(that)g(is)f(not)h(there)h(\(i.e.,)e(a)g(page)h(for)f(whic)o(h)h -(the)g(re\014ll)g(encoun)o(ters)h(a)150 245 y(not{in{memo)o(ry)e(page)i -(address\),)h(the)g(Monitor)f(w)o(ould)g(resp)q(ond)h(to)f(the)h(failure)e(b) -o(y)i(bringing)e(in)h(the)g(needed)150 295 y(page)d(from)e(the)i(disk,)g -(either)h(adding)e(it)h(to)f(the)i(user)g(space)g(or)e(sw)o(apping)h(out)f(a) -h(page)g(the)g(user)h(no)f(longer)g(needs)150 345 y(or)j(has)g(not)f(used)i -(recen)o(tly)m(.)j(Similarly)m(,)10 b(a)j(pro)q(cess)j(using)d(sev)o(eral)h -(sections)h(migh)o(t)d(not)h(ha)o(v)o(e)h(all)e(of)i(its)f(section)150 -394 y(tables)i(in)g(memory)d(at)j(the)g(same)f(time;)g(in)h(suc)o(h)g(a)g -(case)h(a)e(legitimate)f(reference)18 b(to)c(a)h(page)g(migh)o(t)e(result)i -(in)150 444 y(a)e(trap)h(b)q(ecause)h(the)f(section)g(table)g(is)f(not)h(in)f -(memory)m(.)i(While)d(sw)o(apping)h(is)h(in)f(progress,)h(the)g(Monitor)f -(runs)150 494 y(some)g(other)i(user,)f(returning)g(to)g(the)h(in)o(terrupted) -g(pro)q(cess)h(when)e(the)g(requested)i(page)e(is)g(a)o(v)n(ailable.)150 -580 y(A)j(similar)d(situation)i(exists)h(for)f(writabilit)o(y)m(.)24 -b(Keeping)17 b(trac)o(k)g(of)f(mo)q(di\014ed)f(pages)i(is)f(handled)h(b)o(y)f -(the)h(re\014ll)150 629 y(pro)q(cedure)i(using)e(the)g(memory)e(status)j -(table.)27 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)17 b(a)g(page)g(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j(write)f -(protected)i(b)q(ecause)f(it)f(is)150 679 y(shared)c(b)o(y)f(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)g(of)g(pro)q(cesses,)i(wherein)f(a)f(c)o(hange)h(made)e(b)o(y)h(one)h -(migh)o(t)d(not)i(b)q(e)h(w)o(an)o(ted)f(b)o(y)h(the)f(others.)150 -729 y(Th)o(us,)h(in)f(resp)q(onse)j(to)e(a)g(write)g(failure,)f(the)h -(Monitor)g(ma)o(y)e(mak)o(e)g(a)i(separate)h(writable)f(cop)o(y)g(of)f(the)h -(page)g(for)150 779 y(the)h(sole)g(user)h(of)f(the)g(pro)q(cess)i(that)e -(wishes)g(to)g(mo)q(dify)e(it.)150 931 y Fy(3.7.2)55 b(Memory)17 -b(Managemen)n(t)150 1043 y FC(In)f(order)g(to)g(manage)d(memory)h(prop)q -(erly)m(,)h(the)h(executiv)o(e)h(program)d(m)o(ust)h(set)h(up)g(pro)q(cess)i -(tables)e(and)f(page)150 1093 y(maps)c(for)h(itself)g(and)g(the)h(v)n(arious) -f(users,)h(o)o(v)o(ersee)h(the)f(op)q(eration)f(of)g(the)h(pager,)f(and)g -(select)i(the)f(fast{memory)150 1143 y(blo)q(c)o(k)f(to)g(b)q(e)g(used)h(b)o -(y)f(eac)o(h)g(program)f(\(usually)g(blo)q(c)o(k)h(0)g(for)f(itself)s(\).)18 -b(A)o(t)12 b(an)o(y)f(giv)o(en)h(time,)e(accum)o(ulator,)h(index)150 -1193 y(register,)h(and)g(fast{memory)c(references)14 b(are)e(made)e(to)h -(that)g(A)o(C)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(that)h(is)f(assigned)g(as)g(\\curren)o(t".)19 -b(Giv)o(en)150 1242 y(a)12 b(particular)g(pro)q(cessor)j(mo)q(de)c(\(user)j -(or)e(executiv)o(e\))i(and)e(an)g(appropriate)h(pro)q(cess)h(table)e(and)g -(page)h(map,)d(the)150 1292 y(Monitor)17 b(e\013ectiv)o(ely)h(de\014nes)h -(the)f(address)h(space)f(for)f(a)g(pro)q(cess)i(b)o(y)e(sp)q(ecifying)h(the)g -(base)g(address)g(for)f(the)150 1342 y(pro)q(cess)f(table)d(and)h(selecting)h -(whic)o(h)f(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(k)h(is)g(to)f(b)q(e)i(\\curren)o(t".)150 -1428 y(Often,)c(when)g(a)f(user)h(program)d(calls)i(the)h(Monitor,)f(it)g(is) -g(to)g(request)h(an)f(activit)o(y)g(whic)o(h)g(requires)h(the)g(executiv)o(e) -150 1477 y(to)f(gain)f(access)j(to)d(the)i(user)g(address)g(space.)18 -b(T)m(o)9 b(facilitate)g(the)h(crosso)o(v)o(er)i(from)c(one)i(address)h -(space)g(to)f(another,)150 1527 y(the)17 b(same)e(instruction)h(through)g -(whic)o(h)g(the)g(Monitor)g(assigns)g(its)g(o)o(wn)f(curren)o(t)j(A)o(C)e -(blo)q(c)o(k)f(also)h(allo)o(ws)e(the)150 1577 y(assignmen)o(t)h(of)g(an)g(A) -o(C)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(and)h(section)g(for)g(the)g(\\previous)g(con)o(text,")g -(i.e.,)f(the)h(con)o(text)h(of)e(the)h(pro)q(cess)150 1627 -y(that)e(made)e(the)i(call.)j(These)e(quan)o(tities,)e(together)h(with)f -(\015ags)h(that)f(indicate)h(the)g(mo)q(de)f(of)f(the)j(caller,)e(allo)o(w) -150 1677 y(execution)j(of)e(instructions)i(in)f(the)g(previous)h(con)o(text,) -f(as)g(will)f(b)q(e)i(describ)q(ed)h(more)d(fully)f(in)i FA(x)p -FC(3.7.4.)20 b(A)o(t)15 b(an)o(y)150 1726 y(p)q(oin)o(t)c(in)g(time,)f(the)j -(previous)f(con)o(text)g(is)f(essen)o(tially)h(the)g(en)o(vironmen)o(t)e(in)i -(whic)o(h)f(the)h(previous)g(program)e(w)o(as)150 1776 y(running.)17 -b(Note)c(that)g(the)g(previous)g(con)o(text)g(need)h(not)e(b)q(e)i(the)f -(user;)g(the)h(same)d(tec)o(hniques)j(can)f(b)q(e)g(exploited)150 -1826 y(follo)o(wing)e(a)j(call)f(from)f(one)i(lev)o(el)g(of)f(the)i(Monitor)e -(to)h(another.)p 150 2075 1495 4 v 150 2000 V 148 2073 4 75 -v 1643 2073 V 688 2073 V 729 2073 V 896 2073 V 162 2105 a Fl(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2050 y Fx(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)494 2105 y Fl(8)p 522 2073 V 24 w(9)596 2049 y -FC(4)150 1967 y Fi(WREBR)482 1969 y(W)n(rite)19 b(Executive)i(Base)d -(Register)i(\(APR1)f(4,\))306 2049 y FC(701)150 2200 y(Set)g(up)g(the)h -(Executiv)o(e)f(Base)h(Register)f(\(EBR\))g(in)g(the)g(pager)g(according)g -(to)f(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)g Fx(E)5 b FC(.)1811 2185 y -Fn(24)1879 2200 y FC(The)150 2250 y(memory)11 b(op)q(erand,)j(whose)h(format) -d(w)o(as)i(c)o(hosen)g(to)g(b)q(e)h(similar)c(to)j(a)f(page)h(address,)h(is)f -(of)f(the)h(form:)p 150 2285 720 2 v 181 2312 a Fm(24)214 2323 -y Fl(Unlik)o(e)f(the)h(former)f Fo(CONO)f(P)m(A)o(G,)h Fl(instruction,)g -(whic)o(h)h(treated)f Ff(E)19 b Fl(as)14 b(an)h(immediate)c(quan)o(tit)o(y)m -(,)i(this)h(instruction)e(uses)i(a)150 2363 y(full{w)o(ord)c(memory)f(op)q -(erand.)p eop -%%Page: 264 68 -264 67 bop 0 50 a FC(264)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)p 0 383 1495 2 v -1 382 -2 150 v 0 233 1495 2 v 1494 382 2 150 v 124 394 2 13 v 248 -394 V 373 394 V 497 394 V 622 394 V 746 403 2 21 v 871 394 -2 13 v 995 394 V 1120 394 V 1244 394 V 1369 394 V 12 412 a -Fn(0)p 41 382 2 150 v -17 w(0)p -1 382 V 4 301 a Fd(E)4 339 -y(P)54 412 y Fn(1)p 82 382 V -17 w(1)p 41 382 V 46 301 a Fd(L)45 -339 y(E)345 412 y Fn(8)p 373 382 V -266 w(2)p 82 382 V 219 -319 a FB(0)386 412 y Fn(9)p 414 382 V -17 w(9)p 373 382 V 376 -282 a Fd(C)379 320 y(S)376 358 y(H)461 412 y Fn(11)p 497 382 -V -76 w(10)p 414 382 V 447 319 a FB(0)627 412 y Fn(15)p 663 -382 V -159 w(12)p 497 382 V 549 301 a Fd(Slot)516 339 y(Numb)n(er)1457 -412 y Fn(35)p 1494 382 V -823 w(16)p 663 382 V 850 292 a Fd(In{Mo)n(dule)e(A) -n(ddr)n(ess)f(of)i(Page)907 339 y(for)g(EPT)h(\(Bits)f(7{26\))0 -512 y Fx(LE)186 b Fu(PG\045LEB==:1B1)39 b FC(When)12 b(1,)f(this)g(\015ag)g -(enables)i(the)f(loading)e(of)h(the)h(EBR)g(from)d(the)k(data)e(in)g(bits)240 -562 y(12{35.)16 b(Loading)11 b(the)i(EBR)f(in)o(v)n(alidates)f(the)i(en)o -(tire)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(the)g(PTB.)h(Loading)e(the)i(v)n(alue)240 -611 y(zero)i(\(in)e(bits)h(12{35\))f(is)h(recognized)h(as)f(marking)e(the)j -(EBR)f(as)g(\\in)o(v)n(alid".)i(If)e(this)g(\015ag)f(is)h(one,)240 -661 y(this)e(op)q(eration)h(is)g(p)q(erformed)f(b)q(efore)h(the)h -(\(optional\))d(enabling)h(of)g(the)h(pager,)g(as)g(describ)q(ed)h(in)240 -711 y(the)g(next)h(paragraph.)0 797 y Fx(EP)184 b Fu(PG\045ENP==:1B0)39 -b FC(When)15 b(1,)g(this)g(\015ag)g(enables)h(the)g(pager)g(for)f(TOPS{20)g -(paging.)21 b(When)15 b(the)240 846 y(pager)i(is)g(enabled,)h(it)e(op)q -(erates)j(as)e(describ)q(ed)i(throughout)e(this)g(section.)28 -b(Op)q(eration)18 b(of)e(the)240 896 y(XKL)331 892 y(-)343 -896 y(1)d(pro)q(cessor)i(with)f(the)g(pager)f(disabled)h(is)f(in)o(tended)h -(only)f(for)g(b)q(o)q(otstrapping)h(and)f(some)240 946 y(diagnostic)g(purp)q -(oses;)i(this)f(mo)q(de)f(is)g(describ)q(ed)j(in)d FA(x)q FC(3.7.2.1.)i(If)f -(this)g(\015ag)f(is)h(set)h(and)e(the)i(EBR)240 996 y(is)e(not)h(v)n(alid,)e -(the)j(pro)q(cessor)g(halts.)0 1081 y Fx(CSH)156 b Fu(PG\045CSH==:1B9)39 -b FC(When)20 b(1,)g(this)g(\015ag)f(enables)i(the)f(PTB)h(re\014ll)e(micro)q -(co)q(de)h(to)f(lo)q(ok)g(in)g(the)240 1131 y(cac)o(he)14 b(for)e(EPT)i -(data;)e(otherwise,)i(the)f(re\014ll)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(will)e(a)o(v)o(oid)h -(using)g(the)i(cac)o(he)g(for)f(EPT)240 1181 y(references.)0 -1267 y Fx(Slot)0 1316 y(Numb)n(er)240 1267 y FC(This)g(\014eld)h(pro)o(vides) -g(the)h(slot)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)g(in)g(P)m(A)-5 b(W{format,)12 -b(of)h(the)h(memory)e(that)i(con)o(tains)f(the)240 1316 y(EPT.)0 -1412 y Fx(In{)0 1462 y(Mo)n(dule)0 1512 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)240 -1412 y FC(This)20 b(\014eld)g(pro)o(vides)g(the)h(in{mo)q(dule)d(page)i(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er,)g(in)g(P)m(A)-5 b(W{format,)19 b(of)g(the)i(page)f(that)240 -1462 y(con)o(tains)14 b(the)g(EPT.)p 0 1797 1495 4 v 0 1722 -V -2 1795 4 75 v 1493 1795 V 538 1795 V 579 1795 V 746 1795 -V 12 1827 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -1772 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1827 y Fl(8)p 372 1795 V 24 -w(9)446 1771 y FC(5)0 1689 y Fi(RDEBR)332 1692 y(Read)19 b(Executive)h(Base)e -(Register)i(\(APR1)f(5,\))156 1771 y FC(701)0 1923 y(Read)11 -b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)h(EBR)g(and)g(store)g(the)h(result)f(in)f -(the)i(w)o(ord)e(addressed)j(b)o(y)d Fx(E)5 b FC(.)17 b(Bit)11 -b(0)g(will)e(b)q(e)i(returned)0 1972 y(as)j(1)g(if)f(the)h(pager)g(is)g(on.)k -(Bit)c(1)f(will)g(b)q(e)h(returned)i(as)e(1.)j(Bit)d(9)g(will)e(re\015ect)k -(the)f(cac)o(heabilit)o(y)e(of)g(the)h(EPT.)p 0 2221 1495 4 -v 0 2147 V -2 2220 4 75 v 1493 2220 V 538 2220 V 579 2220 V -746 2220 V 12 2251 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)548 2196 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2251 y Fl(8)p 372 2220 -V 24 w(9)446 2196 y FC(3)0 2113 y Fi(WRUBR)332 2116 y(W)n(rite)19 -b(User)g(Base)f(Register)i(\(APR1)f(3,\))156 2196 y FC(701)0 -2347 y(Set)c(up)f(the)g(User)i(Base)f(Register)f(in)g(the)g(pager)h -(according)f(to)g(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f Fx(E)5 b FC(.)19 -b(The)14 b(format)e(of)i(the)g(data)0 2396 y(is)g(as)g(sho)o(wn)g(b)q(elo)o -(w:)p eop -%%Page: 265 69 -265 68 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(265)p 150 383 1495 2 v 149 382 2 150 v 150 -233 1495 2 v 1644 382 2 150 v 274 394 2 13 v 398 394 V 523 -394 V 647 394 V 772 394 V 896 403 2 21 v 1021 394 2 13 v 1145 -394 V 1270 394 V 1394 394 V 1519 394 V 495 412 a Fn(8)p 523 -382 2 150 v -350 w(0)p 149 382 V 327 319 a FB(0)536 412 y Fn(9)p -564 382 V -17 w(9)p 523 382 V 526 282 a Fd(C)529 320 y(S)526 -358 y(H)611 412 y Fn(11)p 647 382 V -76 w(10)p 564 382 V 597 -319 a FB(0)777 412 y Fn(15)p 813 382 V -159 w(12)p 647 382 -V 699 301 a Fd(Slot)666 339 y(Numb)n(er)1607 412 y Fn(35)p -1644 382 V -823 w(16)p 813 382 V 1000 292 a Fd(In{Mo)n(dule)12 -b(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(of)i(Page)1055 339 y(for)h(UPT)f(\(Bits)g(7{26\))150 -530 y FC(W)m(riting)h(the)j(User)g(Base)g(Register)g(in)o(v)n(alidate)d(the)j -(en)o(tire)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(the)g(PTB.)g(The)h(v)n(alue)e(zero)i(\(in) -f(bits)150 580 y(12{35\))d(is)g(recognized)j(as)e(\\in)o(v)n(alid".)150 -665 y(The)g Fx(CSH)20 b FC(\015ag)13 b(\()p Fu(UB\045CSH==:1B9)p -FC(\))e(when)j(set,)g(enables)h(the)f(pager)f(re\014ll)h(micro)q(co)q(de)f -(to)g(lo)q(ok)g(in)g(the)h(cac)o(he)g(for)150 715 y(UPT)g(data;)f(otherwise,) -i(the)f(re\014ll)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(will)g(a)o(v)o(oid)f(using)i(the)g(cac)o -(he)h(for)f(UPT)g(references.)p 150 964 1495 4 v 150 889 V -148 962 4 75 v 1643 962 V 688 962 V 729 962 V 896 962 V 162 -994 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -939 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 994 y Fl(8)p 522 962 V 24 w(9)596 -938 y FC(1)150 856 y Fi(RDUBR)482 858 y(Read)19 b(User)f(Base)h(Register)h -(\(APR1)e(1,\))306 938 y FC(701)150 1089 y(Read)13 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h -(of)e(the)i(User)f(Base)h(Register)g(in)e(the)h(pager)g(and)g(store)h(the)f -(result)h(in)e(the)h(w)o(ord)g(addressed)150 1139 y(b)o(y)h -Fx(E)5 b FC(.)18 b(Bit)c(9)f(will)g(re\015ect)i(the)g(cac)o(heabilit)o(y)e -(of)g(the)i(UPT.)p 150 1388 1495 4 v 150 1313 V 148 1386 4 -75 v 1643 1386 V 688 1386 V 729 1386 V 896 1386 V 162 1418 -a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1363 -y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1418 y Fl(8)p 522 1386 V 24 w(9)596 -1362 y FC(6)150 1280 y Fi(WRCTX)482 1282 y(W)n(rite)19 b(Context)h(\(APR1)e -(6,\))306 1362 y FC(701)150 1513 y(Set)d(new)f(v)n(alues)g(for)f(the)i -(curren)o(t)g(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(k,)f(the)i(previous{con)o(text)g(A)o(C)f(blo) -q(c)o(k,)f(and)h(the)g(previous{con)o(text)150 1563 y(section)h(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er.)i(The)d(data)g(w)o(ord)g(is)f(sho)o(wn)h(b)q(elo)o(w:)p -150 1795 1495 2 v 149 1794 2 150 v 150 1645 1495 2 v 1644 1794 -2 150 v 274 1806 2 13 v 398 1806 V 523 1806 V 647 1806 V 772 -1806 V 896 1815 2 21 v 1042 1806 2 13 v 1187 1806 V 1260 1806 -V 1374 1806 V 1488 1806 V 162 1824 a Fn(0)p 191 1794 2 150 -v -17 w(0)p 149 1794 V 155 1713 a Fx(S)151 1754 y(A)204 1824 -y Fn(1)p 232 1794 V -17 w(1)p 191 1794 V 196 1713 a Fx(S)196 -1754 y(S)860 1824 y Fn(17)p 896 1794 V -648 w(2)p 232 1794 -V 555 1733 a FC(0)907 1697 y Fe(Curr)n(ent)941 1729 y(A)o(C)926 -1761 y(Blo)n(ck)900 1825 y Fl(18)68 b(20)p 1042 1794 V 1047 -1681 a Fe(Pr)n(evious)1053 1713 y(Context)1087 1745 y(A)o(C)1071 -1778 y(Blo)n(ck)1046 1825 y Fl(21)f(23)p 1187 1794 V 1257 1713 -a Fx(Pr)n(evious)15 b(Context)1347 1754 y(Se)n(ction)1191 1825 -y Fl(24)379 b(35)150 1945 y Fx(SA)146 b Fu(PGLACB==:1B0)39 -b FC(When)19 b(this)g(bit)f(is)h(1,)g(set)h(the)f(curren)o(t{)h(and)f -(previous{con)o(text)g(A)o(C)g(blo)q(c)o(ks)350 1994 y(from)12 -b(the)i(\014elds)h(in)e(bits)h(18{20,)e(and)i(21{23,)e(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m -(.)150 2080 y Fx(SS)154 b Fu(PGLPCS==:1B1)39 b FC(When)14 b(this)g(bit)f(is)h -(1,)f(set)i(the)g(previous{con)o(text)f(section)h(from)d(bits)i(24{35.)150 -2166 y Fx(Curr)n(ent)g(A)o(C)g(Blo)n(ck)350 2233 y Fu(PGCACB==:7B20)57 -b FC(When)19 b Fu(PGLACB)f FC(is)g(set)i(to)f(1,)g(this)g(\014eld)g(pro)o -(vides)g(the)g(data)g(to)f(select)i(the)350 2283 y(curren)o(t)15 -b(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(k.)150 2369 y Fx(Pr)n(evious{Context)h(A)o(C)g(Blo)n(ck) -350 2436 y Fu(PGPACB==:7B23)57 b FC(When)19 b Fu(PGLACB)f FC(is)g(set)i(to)f -(1,)g(this)g(\014eld)g(pro)o(vides)g(the)g(data)g(to)f(select)i(the)350 -2486 y(previous{con)o(text)15 b(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o(k.)150 2572 -y Fx(Pr)n(evious{Context)i(Se)n(ction)p eop -%%Page: 266 70 -266 69 bop 0 50 a FC(266)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)200 195 y Fu(PGPCSF==:7777)57 -b FC(When)19 b Fu(PGLPCS)f FC(is)g(set)i(to)f(1,)g(this)g(\014eld)g(pro)o -(vides)g(the)g(data)g(to)f(select)i(the)200 245 y(previous{con)o(text)15 -b(section)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(\(PCS\).)p 0 514 1495 4 v 0 439 -V -2 512 4 75 v 1493 512 V 538 512 V 579 512 V 746 512 V 12 -544 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -489 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 544 y Fl(8)p 372 512 V 24 w(9)446 -488 y FC(7)0 406 y Fi(RDCTX)332 409 y(Read)19 b(Context)g(\(APR1)g(7,\))156 -488 y FC(701)0 639 y(Read)13 b(the)g(settings)h(of)f(the)g(curren)o(t{)h(and) -f(previous{con)o(text)h(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(ks)g(and)g(the)g(previous{con)o -(text)h(section)0 689 y(in)o(to)e(the)h(w)o(ord)g(addressed)h(b)o(y)f -Fx(E)5 b FC(.)18 b(The)13 b(data)f(format)f(is)i(as)f(sho)o(wn)h(in)f -Fv(WRCTX)p FC(;)g(b)q(oth)h Fx(SA)g FC(and)f Fx(SS)18 b FC(will)12 -b(b)q(e)h(set)0 739 y(to)h(1)f(in)h(the)g(result.)p 0 980 1495 -4 v 0 905 V -2 978 4 75 v 1493 978 V 538 978 V 579 978 V 746 -978 V 12 1010 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)548 955 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1010 y Fl(8)p 372 978 -V 24 w(9)446 954 y FC(2)0 872 y Fi(CLRPT)332 874 y(Clea)n(r)20 -b(P)n(age)f(T)-5 b(ranslation)20 b(Bu\013er)e(Entry)g(\(APR1)g(2,\))156 -954 y FC(701)0 1105 y(In)o(v)n(alidate)f(the)i(PTB)g(mapping)e(en)o(try)i -(for)f(the)h(page)g(addressed)h(b)o(y)e Fx(E)5 b FC(.)32 b -Fx(E)24 b FC(is)18 b(in)o(terpreted)i(as)f(a)f(virtual{)0 1155 -y(address.)33 b(Usually)m(,)18 b Fx(E)24 b FC(is)18 b(in)o(terpreted)j(as)d -(an)h(executiv)o(e{mo)q(de)f(address.)33 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)20 -b(when)f(instruction)g(is)0 1205 y(executed)d(b)o(y)d Fv(PX)o(CT)p -FC(,)g Fx(E)19 b FC(represen)o(ts)d(a)e(user)h(virtual{address.)p -0 1454 1495 4 v 0 1379 V -2 1452 4 75 v 1493 1452 V 538 1452 -V 579 1452 V 746 1452 V 12 1484 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1429 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1484 -y Fl(8)p 372 1452 V 24 w(9)436 1428 y FC(10)0 1346 y Fi(WRSPB)332 -1348 y(W)n(rite)19 b(SPT)g(Base)f(Address)g(\(APR2)g(10,\))156 -1428 y FC(702)0 1579 y(Load)12 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)d(lo)q(cation)h -Fx(E)18 b FC(in)o(to)11 b(the)i(SPT)g(Base)g(register)h(\(SPB\).)f(The)g -(data)f(in)g(bits)h(1{35)e(of)h(lo)q(cation)0 1629 y Fx(E)19 -b FC(are)14 b(the)h(same)e(as)h(in)f(a)g(BA)-5 b(W)15 b(\()p -FA(x)p FC(3.1.4\);)d(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)i(bit)f(0)h(\()p Fu(SP\045CSH==:1B0)p -FC(\),)d(if)i(set,)h(signi\014es)g(that)g(the)h(SPT)0 1679 -y(is)h(cac)o(heable.)26 b(If)16 b(this)g(bit)g(is)g(set,)i(the)f(pager)f -(re\014ll)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(will)f(mak)o(e)g(cac)o(hed)i(references)i(to)d -(the)h(SPT;)0 1729 y(otherwise,)d(suc)o(h)h(references)i(will)12 -b(b)q(e)j(uncac)o(hed.)0 1814 y(The)h(Sp)q(ecial)g(P)o(age)g(Address)h(T)m -(able)e(\(SPT\))i(is)e(used)i(b)o(y)e(TOPS{20)h(paging)f(when)h(pro)q -(cessing)h(indirect)f(and)0 1864 y(shared)f(page)f(p)q(oin)o(ters.)k(See)d -FA(x)q FC(3.7.1.5.)p 0 2113 1495 4 v 0 2038 V -2 2111 4 75 -v 1493 2111 V 538 2111 V 579 2111 V 746 2111 V 12 2143 a Fl(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 2088 y Fx(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)344 2143 y Fl(8)p 372 2111 V 24 w(9)446 2087 y -FC(0)0 2005 y Fi(RDSPB)332 2007 y(Read)19 b(SPT)f(Base)h(Address)e(\(APR2)i -(0,\))156 2087 y FC(702)0 2238 y(Read)14 b(the)g(SPB)h(and)e(store)i(the)g -(result)f(in)g(lo)q(cation)f Fx(E)5 b FC(.)p 0 2479 1495 4 -v 0 2404 V -2 2477 4 75 v 1493 2477 V 538 2477 V 579 2477 V -746 2477 V 12 2509 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)548 2454 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2509 y Fl(8)p 372 2477 -V 24 w(9)436 2453 y FC(11)0 2371 y Fi(WRCSB)332 2374 y(W)n(rite)19 -b(CST)g(Base)f(Address)g(\(APR2)g(11,\))156 2453 y FC(702)0 -2604 y(Load)12 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(lo)q(cation)f -Fx(E)18 b FC(in)o(to)11 b(the)i(CST)f(base)h(register)h(\(CSB\).)k(The)13 -b(data)f(in)g(bits)g(1{35)f(of)h(lo)q(cation)p eop -%%Page: 267 71 -267 70 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(267)150 195 y Fx(E)19 b FC(are)14 b(the)g(same)f(as)h(in)f -(a)h(BA)-5 b(W)14 b(\()p FA(x)q FC(3.1.4\);)d(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)j(bit)f(0)h -(\()p Fu(CS\045CSH==:1B0)p FC(\),)d(if)i(set,)h(signi\014es)g(that)g(the)g -(CST)150 245 y(is)i(cac)o(heable.)26 b(If)16 b(this)g(bit)g(is)g(set,)h(the)g -(pager)f(re\014ll)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(will)f(mak)o(e)f(cac)o(hed)k -(references)h(to)d(the)g(CST;)150 295 y(otherwise,)e(the)h(references)i(will) -12 b(b)q(e)i(uncac)o(hed.)921 280 y Fn(25)150 380 y FC(When)g(the)h(CSB)f -(con)o(tains)g(zero,)g(references)j(to)c(the)i(CST)f(are)g(omitted)f(during)g -(PTB)i(re\014lls.)150 466 y(The)c(Memory)f(Status)h(T)m(able)f(\(formerly)f -(kno)o(wn)h(as)g(the)i(Core)f(Status)g(T)m(able,)f(from)f(whic)o(h)h(comes)g -(the)h(acron)o(ym)150 516 y(\\CST"\))16 b(is)g(used)i(in)e(TOPS{20)g(paging)f -(to)i(determine)f(whether)i(or)e(not)h(a)f(page)g(is)h(cac)o(heable,)g -(whether)h(or)150 565 y(not)c(it)f(has)h(b)q(een)h(mo)q(di\014ed,)d(and)i -(for)g(v)n(arious)f(other)h(purp)q(oses.)20 b(See)15 b FA(x)p -FC(3.7.1.5.)150 651 y(The)d(CST)g(m)o(ust)e(o)q(ccup)o(y)j(consecutiv)o(e)g -(ph)o(ysical)e(addresses)j(in)d(one)h(ph)o(ysical)f(memory)e(mo)q(dule)i -(\(slot\);)h(it)f(m)o(ust)150 701 y(b)q(e)k(page{aligned.)p -150 950 1495 4 v 150 875 V 148 948 4 75 v 1643 948 V 688 948 -V 729 948 V 896 948 V 162 980 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 925 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 980 -y Fl(8)p 522 948 V 24 w(9)596 924 y FC(1)150 842 y Fi(RDCSB)482 -844 y(Read)19 b(CST)f(Base)h(Address)e(\(APR2)i(1,\))306 924 -y FC(702)150 1075 y(Read)14 b(the)g(CST)g(base)g(register)i(and)d(store)i -(the)g(result)f(in)g(lo)q(cation)f Fx(E)5 b FC(.)p 150 1324 -1495 4 v 150 1249 V 148 1322 4 75 v 1643 1322 V 688 1322 V -729 1322 V 896 1322 V 162 1354 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1299 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1354 -y Fl(8)p 522 1322 V 24 w(9)586 1298 y FC(13)150 1216 y Fi(WRCSTM)482 -1219 y(W)n(rite)19 b(CST)g(Mask)f(\(APR2)h(13,\))306 1298 y -FC(702)150 1449 y(Load)13 b(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(lo)q(cation)g -Fx(E)19 b FC(in)o(to)13 b(the)i(CST)f(Mask)g(register.)150 -1535 y(After)f(eac)o(h)h(successful)g(test)g(of)e(a)h(CST)f(en)o(try)i -(during)e(a)g(pager)h(re\014ll,)g(the)g(re\014ll)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(up)q -(dates)i(the)f(CST)150 1585 y(en)o(try)f(b)o(y)g(ANDing)f(it)g(with)g(the)h -(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)h(CST)g(Mask)f(register)i(and)f(ORing)f(that)g -(result)i(with)e(con)o(ten)o(ts)150 1635 y(of)i(the)i(Pro)q(cess)h(Use)e -(Register.)19 b(See)c FA(x)p FC(3.7.1.5)d(and)h(Figure)h(3.5.)p -150 1883 1495 4 v 150 1809 V 148 1882 4 75 v 1643 1882 V 688 -1882 V 729 1882 V 896 1882 V 162 1913 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1859 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1913 -y Fl(8)p 522 1882 V 24 w(9)596 1858 y FC(3)150 1775 y Fi(RDCSTM)482 -1778 y(Read)19 b(CST)f(Mask)h(\(APR2)f(3,\))306 1858 y FC(702)150 -2009 y(Read)c(the)g(CST)g(Mask)g(register)h(in)o(to)e(lo)q(cation)g -Fx(E)5 b FC(.)p 150 2258 1495 4 v 150 2183 V 148 2256 4 75 -v 1643 2256 V 688 2256 V 729 2256 V 896 2256 V 162 2288 a Fl(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2233 y Fx(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)494 2288 y Fl(8)p 522 2256 V 24 w(9)586 2232 y -FC(12)150 2150 y Fi(WRPUR)482 2152 y(W)n(rite)19 b(CST)g(Pro)r(cess)f(Use)h -(Register)h(\(APR2)f(12,\))306 2232 y FC(702)150 2383 y(Load)13 -b(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(lo)q(cation)g Fx(E)19 b FC(in)o(to)13 -b(the)i(CST)f(Pro)q(cess)h(Use)g(Register.)150 2469 y(After)e(eac)o(h)h -(successful)g(test)g(of)e(a)h(CST)f(en)o(try)i(during)e(a)g(pager)h -(re\014ll,)g(the)g(re\014ll)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(up)q(dates)i(the)f(CST)150 -2519 y(en)o(try)f(b)o(y)g(ANDing)f(it)g(with)g(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e -(the)h(CST)g(Mask)f(register)i(and)f(ORing)f(that)g(result)i(with)e(con)o -(ten)o(ts)p 150 2553 720 2 v 181 2580 a Fm(25)214 2592 y Fl(In)g(a)g -(shared{mem)o(ory)d(m)o(ulti{pro)q(ce)o(ssor)g(system,)i(it)i(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e) -h(advisable)e(to)i(k)o(eep)g(the)f(CST)j(uncac)o(hed.)p eop -%%Page: 268 72 -268 71 bop 0 50 a FC(268)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FC(of)f(the)i(Pro)q(cess)h(Use) -e(Register.)19 b(See)c FA(x)p FC(3.7.1.5)d(and)h(Figure)h(3.5.)p -0 444 1495 4 v 0 369 V -2 442 4 75 v 1493 442 V 538 442 V 579 -442 V 746 442 V 12 474 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 419 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 474 y Fl(8)p -372 442 V 24 w(9)446 418 y FC(2)0 336 y Fi(RDPUR)332 339 y(Read)19 -b(CST)f(Pro)r(cess)h(Use)g(Register)h(\(APR2)e(2,\))156 418 -y FC(702)0 569 y(Read)c(the)g(CST)g(Pro)q(cess)i(Use)f(Register)f(in)o(to)f -(lo)q(cation)g Fx(E)5 b FC(.)p 0 818 1495 4 v 0 744 V -2 817 -4 75 v 1493 817 V 538 817 V 579 817 V 746 817 V 12 848 a Fl(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 793 y Fx(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)344 848 y Fl(8)p 372 817 V 24 w(9)441 793 y Fx(A)0 -710 y Fi(LDLPN)159 b(Load)19 b(Logical)i(P)n(age)e(Numb)r(er)156 -793 y FC(710)0 944 y(Read)d(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)i(memory)c(lo)q -(cation)i(addressed)j(b)o(y)d Fx(E)5 b FC(.)24 b(In)o(terpret)18 -b(bits)e(9{35)e(as)i(a)g(page{address)0 993 y(w)o(ord)e(\(P)m(A)-5 -b(W\).)13 b(Con)o(v)o(ert)h(the)h(P)m(A)-5 b(W)14 b(to)f(a)h(linear)g(page)f -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(\(LPN\))g(and)g(store)h(it)e(in)g(A)o(C.)0 -1079 y(If)18 b(the)i(con)o(v)o(ersion)f(is)f(not)h(successful)i(\(i.e.,)d -Fx(D)t FC(=1,)i(the)f(giv)o(en)g(slot)f(do)q(es)i(not)e(address)j(a)d(memory) -m(,)f(or)h(the)0 1129 y(translation)h(table)h(is)g(not)g(y)o(et)g -(established)h(in)e(MemA)h(at)f Fu(AM\045LPN)p FC(\),)g(the)h(failure)f(will) -g(b)q(e)i(signalled)e(b)o(y)g(a)0 1179 y(page{failure)13 b(trap,)g(with)h -(page{failure)f(co)q(de)i Fu(PF.NLP)p FC(.)p 0 1428 1495 4 -v 0 1353 V -2 1426 4 75 v 1493 1426 V 538 1426 V 579 1426 V -746 1426 V 12 1457 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)548 1403 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1457 y Fl(8)p 372 1426 -V 24 w(9)441 1403 y Fx(A)0 1319 y Fi(RDCF)n(G)157 b(Read)19 -b(Con\014guration)156 1402 y FC(711)0 1553 y(Read)h(t)o(w)o(o)g(w)o(ords)h -(of)e(con\014guration)h(information)e(in)o(to)h(A)o(C,A)o(C+1.)37 -b(The)21 b(con\014guration)f(information)d(is)0 1603 y(organized)j(on)f(a)h -(p)q(er{slot)g(basis;)i Fx(E)5 b FC(,)20 b(an)f(immediate)e(quan)o(tit)o(y)m -(,)j(sp)q(eci\014es)h(the)g(slot)e(for)h(whic)o(h)f(to)h(supply)0 -1653 y(information.)0 1738 y(The)d(w)o(ord)g(returned)h(in)e -Fx(A)o(C)22 b FC(corresp)q(onds)d(to)d(the)h(device)h(status)f(w)o(ord)g(for) -f(the)h(device)h(at)e(the)i(giv)o(en)e(slot,)0 1788 y(as)e(of)g(the)h(latest) -f(time)f(that)i Fw(TDBoot)f FC(recorded)i(that)e(information.)j(That)d(is,)f -(this)i(information)c(is)j(not)g(the)0 1838 y(curren)o(t)h(device)g(status)g -(but,)f(rather,)g(the)h(status)g(as)f(of)f(the)i(time)d(that)j -Fw(TDBoot)f FC(w)o(as)g(run.)k(By)d(con)o(v)o(en)o(tion,)0 -1888 y(a)f(zero)g(w)o(ord)g(signi\014es)g(that)g(no)g(device)g(is)g(presen)o -(t)i(in)d(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(slot.)0 1973 y(If)d(the)g(slot)g(con)o -(tains)g(a)g(memory)e(device)j(that)f(is)g(online,)f(the)i(w)o(ord)f -(returned)h(in)f Fx(A)o(C)6 b FC(+1)13 b(pro)o(vides)g(a)g(v)n(alid)e(bit)0 -2023 y(\(bit)h(0\))g(and)g(the)g(\014rst)h(linear)f(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -(con)o(tained)h(in)g(this)g(memory)m(.)j(This)d(is)g(similar)d(to)j(the)h -(information)0 2073 y(that)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(uses)f(to)f(implemen)o(t)d -(the)k Fv(LDLPN)f FC(instruction.)0 2158 y(If)g(the)g(slot)g(con)o(tains)g -(an)g(XRH)508 2154 y(-)520 2158 y(1)f(device,)i(the)f(w)o(ord)g(returned)i -(in)e Fx(A)o(C)6 b FC(+1)13 b(con)o(tains)h(four)g(8{bit)f(b)o(ytes,)i(righ)o -(t{)0 2208 y(justi\014ed)g(in)g(the)g(w)o(ord,)g(corresp)q(onding)g(to)g(the) -g(SCSI)g(Bus)h(ID)f(for)f(eac)o(h)h(of)g(the)g(four)g(buses)h(implemen)o(ted) -c(in)0 2258 y(the)i(XRH)166 2254 y(-)178 2258 y(1.)k(The)c(Bus)h(ID)e(\(and)h -(\015ags\))g(for)g(bus)g(0)g(are)g(returned)i(in)d(bits)h(4{11.)0 -2344 y(If)g(the)g(slot)g(con)o(tains)f(some)g(other)i(device,)f -Fx(A)o(C)6 b FC(+1)14 b(con)o(tains)f(device{sp)q(eci\014c)j(information.)0 -2429 y(Although)e(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(0)h(do)q(es)i(not)e(exist,)g(this) -g(instruction)h(is)f(de\014ned)i(when)e Fx(E)20 b FC(is)14 -b(zero:)20 b Fx(A)o(C)g FC(will)12 b(con)o(tain)0 2479 y(the)i(slot)g(n)o(um) -o(b)q(er)f(of)h(this)g(CPU;)f Fx(A)o(C)6 b FC(+1)14 b(will)e(con)o(tain)i -(the)g(total)f(system)h(memory)d(capacit)o(y)m(,)i(in)g(pages.)0 -2564 y(The)h(e\013ect)h(of)d(this)i(instruction)f(is)h(unde\014ned)g(\(and)f -(reserv)o(ed\))j(when)e Fx(E)k FC(is)13 b(larger)g(than)h(a)f(legal)f(slot)h -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)p eop -%%Page: 269 73 -269 72 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(269)150 195 y(The)13 b(in)o(ten)o(tion)g(of)f(this)h -(instruction)g(is)g(to)g(pro)o(vide)f(an)h(implemen)o(tatio)o(n{indep)q -(enden)o(t)e(w)o(a)o(y)i(to)f(access)j(con\014g-)150 245 y(uration)e -(information.)150 389 y Fz(3.7.2.1)48 b(P)o(ager)15 b(Programming)150 -501 y FC(Op)q(eration)h(of)f(the)h(XKL)562 497 y(-)574 501 -y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)j(with)d(the)h(pager)g(disabled)f(is)h(in)o(tended)g(only) -e(for)i(b)q(o)q(otstrapping)f(and)150 551 y(some)e(diagnostic)f(purp)q(oses.) -20 b(The)13 b(Bo)q(ot)h(R)o(OM)f(is)g(the)h(only)f(memory)e(directly)i -(addressable)i(while)e(the)h(pager)150 601 y(is)k(disabled.)29 -b(When)18 b(the)g(pager)g(is)g(disabled,)g(the)g(30{bit)f(addresses)j -(generated)f(b)o(y)e(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)150 650 y(calculation)12 -b(are)h(passed)g(to)g(the)g(Bo)q(ot)g(R)o(OM.)f(\(The)h(Bo)q(ot)g(R)o(OM)f -(app)q(ears)i(as)f(if)e(it)i(w)o(ere)g(in)g(slot)f(0.\))17 -b(Although)150 700 y(the)g(pager)g(is)f(disabled,)h(it)f(is)g(p)q(ossible)h -(for)f(arithmetic)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(traps,)h(pushdo)o(wn)g(o)o(v)o -(er\015o)o(w)f(traps,)h(page{)150 750 y(failure)e(traps,)i(and)f(MUUOs)h(to)f -(o)q(ccur.)25 b(Therefore,)18 b(the)f(program)d(m)o(ust)h(set)i(up)f(a)g(v)o -(estigial)f(User)i(Pro)q(cess)150 800 y(T)m(able)h(to)h(con)o(tain)g -(addresses)i(of)e(appropriate)g(handlers.)35 b(A)19 b(v)o(estigial)f -(Executiv)o(e)i(Pro)q(cess)h(T)m(able)e(is)g(also)150 850 y(required)g(for)e -(unpaged)h(op)q(eration;)h(the)g(v)o(estigial)e(EPT)h(and)f(v)o(estigial)g -(UPT)h(ma)o(y)e(share)j(the)f(same)f(R)o(OM)150 899 y(page.)150 -985 y(P)o(age{fail)d(traps)i(\(re\015ecting)h(some)e(hardw)o(are)h -(conditions;)g(e.g.,)f(bus)h(timeout,)f(illegal)e(reference)19 -b(to)c(section)150 1035 y(7777,)e(parit)o(y)h(errors\))i(cannot)e(write)h -(the)g(\015ags)f(and)g(trap)h(PC)f(in)g(R)o(OM,)g(but)h(copies)g(of)e(those)i -(quan)o(tities)g(are)150 1085 y(stored)g(in)e(MemA.)g(Other)i(traps)f(do)g -(not)g(store)h(information)c(in)i(MemA.)150 1170 y(A)o(t)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)h -(turn{on,)f(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)f(in)o(v)n(alidates)f(the)i(cac)o(he)g(and) -f(disables)h(the)g(pager)g(and)f(PI)g(system.)20 b(The)150 -1220 y(pro)q(cessor)h(is)f(started)g(in)f(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de,)e(with)g(A) -o(C)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(7)h(\()p Fu(BTACB==:7)p FC(\))d(curren)o(t,)22 -b(at)d(lo)q(cation)g(3000)150 1270 y(\()p Fu(BSTART==:3000)p -FC(\))f(in)i(section)h Fu(BTSECT)e FC(in)h(the)i(Bo)q(ot)e(R)o(OM.)g(The)h -(Bo)q(ot)f(R)o(OM)h(con)o(tains)f(v)o(estigial)f(data)150 1320 -y(structures)e(for)c(an)h(initial)e(Executiv)o(e)j(Pro)q(cess)h(T)m(able)e -(and)g(User)h(Pro)q(cess)h(T)m(able,)d(whic)o(h)h Fw(TDBoot)g -FC(tells)g(the)150 1369 y(pager)k(to)f(use)h(\(with)f(the)h(pager)g -(otherwise)g(disabled\))f(for)g(the)h(sak)o(e)g(of)e(establishing)h(the)h -(trap)g(v)o(ectors)g(for)150 1419 y(MUUOs)13 b(and)e(page)h(failures.)17 -b(The)12 b(unpaged)g(program)e(lo)q(cates)j(the)f(ph)o(ysical)f(memory)e(and) -j(builds)f(the)i(tables)150 1469 y(needed)j(for)f(the)g(linear)g(page)g(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)f(calculation.)20 b(Using)14 b(the)i Fv(PMO)o(VEM)e -FC(instruction,)h Fw(TDBoot)g FC(sets)h(up)150 1519 y(pro)q(cess)i(tables)f -(and)f(page)h(tables)g(for)f(itself)g(in)g(memory)m(.)23 b(Thereafter,)18 -b(it)e(writes)i(the)f(User)g(Base)h(Register,)150 1569 y(then)f(it)e(writes)i -(the)f(Executiv)o(e)h(Base)g(Register,)f(enabling)f(paging.)23 -b(The)16 b(next)h(instruction)f(is)g(fetc)o(hed)h(from)150 -1618 y(paged)12 b(memory)m(.)i(A)o(t)d(this)h(p)q(oin)o(t,)f -Fw(TDBoot)h FC(is)f(able)h(to)f(load)g(the)h(selected)h(program)d(in)o(to)h -(memory)m(.)j(F)m(or)d(ev)o(ery)150 1668 y(section)j(required)h(b)o(y)f(the)g -(memory)d(image)h(\014le)i(con)o(taining)e(the)i(program,)e -Fw(TDBoot)i FC(creates)i(the)e(section)g(in)150 1718 y(the)g(linear)e -(address)i(space)g(and)f(creates)i(corresp)q(onding)f(page)f(tables)g(and)g -(a)g(primitiv)o(e)d(CST.)1676 1703 y Fn(26)1724 1718 y FC(Immediately)150 -1768 y(b)q(efore)j(running)g(the)g(loaded)g(program,)d Fw(TDBoot)j -FC(sets)h(the)g(CSB,)e(Pro)q(cess)j(Use)f(Register,)f(CST)f(Mask,)h(User)150 -1818 y(Base)i(Register,)f(and)f(Executiv)o(e)i(Base)g(Register)f(to)g(v)n -(alues)g(that)g(describ)q(e)h(the)g(loaded)e(program.)150 1903 -y(The)f(executiv)o(e)i(program)c(alw)o(a)o(ys)h(runs)i(paged.)k(It)12 -b(ma)o(y)e(create)k(page)e(tables,)g(CST,)f(SPT,)h(and)g(pro)q(cess)i(tables) -150 1953 y(more)d(to)g(its)h(liking,)e(understanding)i(that)g(doing)f(so)g -(is)h(lik)o(e)f(pulling)f(on)h(the)i(rug)e(that)h(it)f(stands)i(up)q(on.)k -(It)12 b(m)o(ust)150 2003 y(set)k(up)e(the)h(\014rst)h(user)g(or)e(users,)i -(loading)d(the)i(User)h(Pro)q(cess)g(T)m(able)e(and)h(page)f(maps,)f -(bringing)h(in)g(whatev)o(er)150 2053 y(p)q(ortions)d(of)g(user)h(data)f(and) -h(program)d(as)j(are)f(consisten)o(t)i(with)e(go)q(o)q(d)g(w)o(orking{set)g -(managemen)o(t,)d(and)k(setting)150 2103 y(up)i(the)g(in)o(terv)n(al)f -(timer.)150 2188 y(Finally)m(,)f(the)j(Monitor)f(p)q(erforms)g(a)g -Fv(WRCTX)f FC(to)h(set)i(up)e(an)g(initial)f(A)o(C)h(blo)q(c)o(k)g(for)g(the) -h(\014rst)g(user,)g(a)f Fv(WRUBR)150 2238 y FC(to)g(set)h(up)e(the)i(\014rst) -g(user's)g(address)g(space,)f(and)g(an)g Fv(XJRSTF)e FC(to)i(start)h(the)f -(\014rst)h(user)g(program.)150 2323 y(F)m(or)h(a)g(call)g(from)f(the)i(user)h -(via)d(MUUO,)i(the)g(executiv)o(e)h(will)d(arrange)i(the)g(MUUO)g(new)g -(\015ags)f(w)o(ord)h(to)f(set)150 2373 y(Previous)c(Con)o(text)g(User)h(and)f -(select)h(appropriate)f(A)o(C)g(blo)q(c)o(ks)g(for)f(curren)o(t{)i(and)f -(previous{con)o(text)h(\(usually)m(,)150 2423 y(the)k(user)h(pro)q(cess)g(is) -f(run)f(with)h(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(k)g(1,)h(and)f(the)h(monitor)e(with)h(A)o(C) -g(blo)q(c)o(k)h(0\).)25 b(F)m(or)17 b(a)f(call)g(from)e(the)150 -2473 y(executiv)o(e)h(via)e(MUUO,)g(the)i(executiv)o(e)g(program)d(will)g -(mak)o(e)g(other)i(pro)o(visions)f(that)h(cause)h(the)f(caller's)g(A)o(Cs)150 -2523 y(to)j(b)q(e)h(set)g(up)f(as)g(the)h(previous{con)o(text)g(A)o(Cs.)28 -b(When)18 b(an)f(MUUO)g(o)q(ccurs,)i(the)f(pro)q(cessor)h(automatically)p -150 2557 720 2 v 181 2584 a Fm(26)214 2596 y Fl(The)11 b(creation)e(of)j(the) -e(CST)j(b)o(y)e Fc(TDBoot)f Fl(is)i(optional;)d(if)i(no)g(CST)i(is)e -(created,)e Fc(TDBoot)i Fl(will)h(set)f(the)g(CSB)h(to)f(zero.)p -eop -%%Page: 270 74 -270 73 bop 0 50 a FC(270)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FC(sets)i(the)g(previous{con)o -(text)g(section)f(from)f(the)h(PC)h(of)e(the)i(MUUO.)f(In)g(handling)e(a)i -(MUUO,)g(the)h(executiv)o(e)0 245 y(will)c(lea)o(v)o(e)i(the)h(User)g(Base)g -(Register)f(set)h(as)f(it)g(w)o(as)g(for)f(the)i(previous{con)o(text,)f(so)g -(that)g(the)h(correct)h(address)0 295 y(space)f(is)f(accessible)h(for)e(suc)o -(h)i(references.)0 380 y(On)d(transfer)h(of)f(con)o(trol)f(from)g(the)h -(Monitor)g(to)g(a)f(user,)i(no)f(previous{con)o(text)h(v)n(alues)f(need)h(b)q -(e)f(setup)h(b)q(ecause)0 430 y(the)h(user)h(cannot)g(p)q(erform)e -Fv(PX)o(CT)p FC(.)f(T)m(o)h(switc)o(h)h(from)e(one)i(user's)h(program)d(to)i -(another,)g(the)h(executiv)o(e)g(will)62 549 y FA(\017)21 b -FC(use)14 b Fv(WRCTX)g FC(to)g(set)g(the)h(old)e(program's)f(A)o(C)i(blo)q(c) -o(k)g(as)f(curren)o(t,)62 615 y FA(\017)21 b FC(sa)o(v)o(e)14 -b(the)g(old)f(program's)g(accum)o(ulators,)62 682 y FA(\017)21 -b FC(switc)o(h)14 b(con)o(text)h(to)e(the)i(new)f(program)e(b)o(y)i -Fv(WRUBR)p FC(,)62 748 y FA(\017)21 b FC(load)13 b(the)h(new)h(program's)d -(accum)o(ulators,)62 815 y FA(\017)21 b FC(load)13 b(other)h(user{con)o(text) -i(v)n(ariables)d(suc)o(h)i(as)e(the)i(address{break,)g(and)62 -881 y FA(\017)21 b FC(resume)14 b(the)g(new)h(program)d(via)h(an)h -Fv(XJRSTF)p FC(.)0 1000 y(The)g(usual)f(pro)q(cedure)i(for)d(administration)f -(of)i(the)h(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(ks)g(is)g(to)g(assign)g(one)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(p)q -(ermanen)o(tly)g(for)f(the)0 1050 y(use)k(of)e(the)i(curren)o(t)g(user)g(and) -f(to)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(one)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(for)f(the)i(use)g(of)e(the)h(Monitor) -g(on)f(b)q(ehalf)h(of)f(users.)23 b(Other)0 1099 y(A)o(C)12 -b(blo)q(c)o(ks)f(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(assigned)g(to)f(di\013eren)o(t)i(in)o -(terrupt)f(lev)o(els)g(or)g(to)f(sp)q(ecial)h(users.)19 b(When)12 -b(switc)o(hing)f(from)f(one)0 1149 y(ordinary)i(user)h(pro)q(cess)h(to)e -(another,)h(the)g(\014rst)g(user)g(pro)q(cess's)h(A)o(Cs)f(are)g(generally)e -(stored)j(in)e(the)g(p)q(er{pro)q(cess)0 1199 y(area)i(and)g(the)g(second)h -(pro)q(cess's)h(A)o(Cs)e(are)g(restored)i(from)c(its)i(p)q(er{pro)q(cess)i -(area.)0 1285 y(On)d(a)g(c)o(hange)g(from)e(one)i(pro)q(cess)i(to)e(another,) -g(the)g(en)o(tire)h(page)f(table)f(is)h(in)o(v)n(alidated;)e(this)i(is)g -(done)g(automat-)0 1334 y(ically)g(b)o(y)h Fv(WRUBR)p FC(.)e(If)i(the)g -(system)g(uses)i(shared)f(or)f(indirect)g(p)q(oin)o(ters,)g(or)g(if)f(sev)o -(eral)i(virtual)e(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)0 1384 y(p)q(oin)o(t)i(to)h(the)h -(same)e(ph)o(ysical)g(page,)h(then)h(the)g(table)e(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)i(in)o(v)n -(alidated)d(whenev)o(er)j(a)f(page)g(is)g(remo)o(v)o(ed)0 1434 -y(from)10 b(memory)f(or)j(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(is)g(remo)o(v)o(ed)f(from)f(a)h -(user)i(sup)q(ersection)h(table,)e(section)h(table,)e(or)h(page)g(map.)k(On)0 -1484 y(the)g(other)h(hand,)e(deletion)h(of)f(a)g(page)h(with)f(a)h(unique)f -(mapping)f(requires)j(only)d(a)i(that)g(a)f Fv(CLRPT)g FC(b)q(e)h(giv)o(en)0 -1534 y(to)i(in)o(v)n(alidate)f(the)j(single)e(mapping.)30 b(In)19 -b(m)o(ultipro)q(cessor)f(op)q(eration,)h(all)e(page)i(tables)g(that)g(ma)o(y) -d(con)o(tain)0 1583 y(duplicate)f(copies)g(of)g(the)g(information)d(that)j -(is)g(b)q(eing)g(c)o(hanged)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(cleared)h(whenev)o(er)g(one)f -(suc)o(h)h(page)0 1633 y(table)f(is)g(c)o(hanged.)21 b(CST)15 -b(en)o(tries)h(can)f(b)q(e)h(used)g(to)e(comm)o(unicate)f(paging)h -(information)e(from)h(one)i(pro)q(cessor)0 1683 y(to)f(another.)0 -1827 y Fz(3.7.2.2)48 b(Use)15 b(of)h(P)o(aging)e(to)h(Supp)q(ort)e(TOPS{20)0 -1939 y FC(This)g(section,)h(to)f(b)q(e)h(added,)g(describ)q(es)h(ho)o(w)e -(TOPS{20)g(uses)i(the)f(hardw)o(are)f(facilities)g(to)g(e\013ect)i(suc)o(h)f -(things)0 1989 y(as)k(\014le)f(mapping,)f(shared)i(pages,)g(cop)o -(y{on{write,)g(read{only)f(or)g(full)g(access)i(b)o(y)e(one)h(pro)q(cess)h -(to)f(another)0 2039 y(pro)q(cess's)e(memory)11 b(image,)g(etc.)0 -2124 y(Although)k(designed)i(for)e(TOPS{20,)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(is)d(exp)q -(ected)j(to)e(b)q(e)g(able)f(to)h(run)g(TOPS{10)g(and)f(other)0 -2174 y(op)q(erating)f(systems)g(for)f(the)i(PDP{10)e(arc)o(hitecture.)0 -2326 y Fy(3.7.3)55 b(MAP)20 b(Instruction)0 2438 y FC(It)c(is)g(often)g -(helpful)g(for)g(the)g(Monitor)g(or)g(a)g(debugging)g(pac)o(k)n(age)f(to)h(b) -q(e)h(able)f(to)g(determine)g(ho)o(w)g(the)h(pager)0 2488 y(w)o(ould)11 -b(resp)q(ond)i(to)f(a)f(particular)h(reference)i(without)e(actually)f(c)o -(hancing)h(a)f(page)h(failure.)17 b(It)12 b(is)g(also)f(necessary)0 -2538 y(to)18 b(determine)f(where)i(a)f(particular)g(virtual)f(page)g(is)h(in) -g(the)g(bus)g(address)h(space,)h(for)d(example,)g(to)h(set)h(up)0 -2588 y(command)9 b(lists)j(for)f(input{output)h(devices.)18 -b(F)m(or)12 b(suc)o(h)g(purp)q(oses)i(the)e(pro)q(cessor)i(has)e(this)f -(instruction)i(whic)o(h,)p eop -%%Page: 271 75 -271 74 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(271)150 195 y(unlik)o(e)14 b(all)f(the)j(other)f -(instructions)g(describ)q(ed)i(in)d(this)g(c)o(hapter,)i(is)e(not)h(an)f -(input{output)h(instruction,)f(ev)o(en)150 245 y(though)g(it)f(is)h(sub)r -(ject)h(to)f(the)h(same)e(restrictions.)p 150 494 1495 4 v -150 419 V 148 492 4 75 v 1643 492 V 688 492 V 729 492 V 896 -492 V 162 524 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)698 469 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 524 y Fl(8)p 522 492 -V 24 w(9)591 469 y Fx(A)150 386 y Fi(MAP)211 b(Map)18 b(an)h(Address)306 -468 y FC(257)150 619 y(If)12 b(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(is)d(in)h(executiv)o(e)g -(mo)q(de)f(or)h(in)f(user)i(input{output)f(mo)q(de)f(and)g(the)i(pager)f(is)f -(turned)i(on,)f(map)150 669 y(the)f(extended)h(page)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g -(the)h(virtual)e(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)k Fx(E)j FC(and)11 -b(place)g(the)h(resulting)g(ph)o(ysical)f(address)150 719 y(and)j(other)g -(map)e(data)i(in)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1.)18 b(The)c(double)g(w)o(ord)g(loaded)f(in)o -(to)g(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)h(is)f(of)h(the)g(form:)721 848 y(MAP)g(Double)f(W)m(ord) -p 150 1125 1495 2 v 149 1124 2 250 v 150 876 1495 2 v 1644 -1124 2 250 v 274 1136 2 13 v 398 1136 V 523 1136 V 647 1136 -V 772 1136 V 896 1145 2 21 v 1021 1136 2 13 v 1145 1136 V 1270 -1136 V 1394 1136 V 1519 1136 V 150 1000 1495 2 v 162 1154 a -Fn(0)p 191 1124 2 125 v -17 w(0)p 149 1124 V 151 1076 a Fx(D)412 -1154 y Fn(6)p 440 1124 V -142 w(3)p 274 1124 V 323 1055 a Fx(Slot)287 -1097 y(Numb)n(er)1607 1154 y Fn(35)p 1644 1124 V -1188 w(7)p -440 1124 V 870 1076 a Fx(In{Mo)n(dule)j(A)n(ddr)n(ess)162 1154 -y Fn(0)p 191 999 V -17 w(0)p 149 999 V 151 951 a Fx(U)204 1154 -y Fn(1)p 232 999 V -17 w(1)p 191 999 V 193 951 a Fx(V)246 1154 -y Fn(2)p 274 999 V -17 w(2)p 232 999 V 229 931 a Fx(W)236 972 -y(P)287 1154 y Fn(3)p 315 999 V -17 w(3)p 274 999 V 276 951 -a Fx(A)329 1154 y Fn(4)p 357 999 V -17 w(4)p 315 999 V 318 -951 a Fx(C)370 1154 y Fn(5)p 398 999 V -17 w(5)p 357 999 V -361 951 a Fx(F)412 1154 y Fn(6)p 440 999 V -17 w(6)p 398 999 -V 409 950 a FC(0)860 1154 y Fn(17)p 896 999 V -242 w(12)p 647 -999 V 710 931 a Fx(F)m(ailur)n(e)728 972 y(Co)n(de)150 1292 -y FC(When)h Fx(V)24 b FC(\(V)m(alid,)16 b Fu(PF\045VLD==:1B1)p -FC(\))e(is)j(1,)g(the)g(mapping)e(returned)j(in)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)f(is)g(v)n -(alid)g(and)g(the)i(failure)150 1342 y(co)q(de)d(will)d(b)q(e)j(zero.)k(The) -14 b(remaining)e(\015ags)h(in)h(A)o(C)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(the)i(follo)o(wing)c -(signi\014cance:)150 1410 y Fx(U)109 b FC(User)13 b(\()p Fu(PF\045USR==:1B0)p -FC(\):)h(if)c(set,)i(this)f(mapping)e(corresp)q(onds)k(to)e(a)g(user)h -(virtual{address.)17 b(Otherwise,)290 1460 y(the)e(mapping)c(is)j(for)g(an)f -(executiv)o(e)i(virtual{address.)150 1545 y Fx(WP)71 b FC(W)m(rite)14 -b(P)o(ermitted)f(\()p Fu(PF\045WRB==:1B2)p FC(\):)j(if)d(set,)h(this)g(page)g -(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j(written)f(on.)1565 1530 y Fn(27)150 1631 -y Fx(A)109 b FC(Address)17 b(Break)f(Activ)o(e)g(\()p Fu(PF\045ABA==:1B3)p -FC(\):)i(if)d(set,)h(this)f(bit)g(signi\014es)g(that)g(the)h(address)h -(debugging)290 1681 y(system)d(is)g(activ)o(e)g(and)f(set)i(to)f(\014nd)g(an) -g(address)h(on)e(this)h(page.)150 1766 y Fx(C)110 b FC(Cac)o(heable)13 -b(\()p Fu(PF\045CHB==:1B4)p FC(\):)i(if)d(set,)i(data)e(from)f(\(or)i(for\))f -(this)h(page)f(is)h(allo)o(w)o(ed)e(to)i(b)q(e)g(in)f(the)h(cac)o(he.)150 -1852 y Fx(F)113 b FC(Hard)14 b(Map)g(F)m(ailure)f(\()p Fu(PF\045HMF==:1B5)p -FC(\):)j(will)c(b)q(e)j(0)e(in)h(a)f(successful)j(mapping.)150 -1955 y(Bit)e(6)g(will)e(b)q(e)i(0)g(to)g(b)q(e)g(consisten)o(t)h(with)f -(page{failure)f(double)g(w)o(ords.)150 2041 y(In)f(a)h(v)n(alid)e(mapping,)f -(A)o(C+1)i(will)f(con)o(tain)h(the)h(bus)g(address)h(w)o(ord)e(corresp)q -(onding)i(to)e(the)h(lo)q(cation)f(that)g(w)o(as)150 2091 y(mapp)q(ed.)150 -2176 y(If)g(the)i Fv(MAP)e FC(instruction)h(cannot)g(generate)h(a)e(v)n(alid) -f(mapping,)f(the)k(result)f(in)f(A)o(C,A)o(C+1)h(will)e(b)q(e)i(in)f(the)i -(form)150 2226 y(of)f(either)h(a)f(\\soft")g(or)h(a)f(\\hard")g(page{failure) -g(double)g(w)o(ord:)18 b(see)c FA(x)q FC(3.7.1.8.)h Fx(U)20 -b FC(will)12 b(b)q(e)j(set)f(to)f(denote)i(a)e(user)150 2276 -y(virtual{address.)21 b(The)15 b(page{failure)e(co)q(de)j(will)d(con)o(tain)h -(the)h(reason)h(wh)o(y)e(the)h(giv)o(en)f(address)i(could)f(not)f(b)q(e)150 -2326 y(mapp)q(ed:)j(see)e(T)m(able)e(3.2.)k(The)e(giv)o(en)e(virtual{address) -h(is)g(returned)i(in)d(A)o(C+1.)150 2411 y(The)g Fv(MAP)f FC(instruction)h -(cannot)g(b)q(e)g(p)q(erformed)g(in)f(User)i(mo)q(de)e(\(except)i(when)f -(User)h(In{Out)f(is)f(set\);)i(instead,)150 2461 y(it)g(executes)i(as)e(an)f -(MUUO.)p 150 2487 720 2 v 181 2514 a Fm(27)214 2526 y Fl(This)e(bit)h(is)g -(not)f(the)g(same)g(as)h(the)f Ff(W)18 b Fl(bit)11 b(in)h(a)f(pager)g -(diagnostic)e(read,)i(whic)o(h)g(signi\014es)f(that)h(the)g(page)g(has)h(b)q -(een)e(written)150 2565 y(on;)h Ff(WP)k Fl(is)c(computed)e(b)o(y)i(the)g -(page)f(re\014ll)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(b)o(y)i(means)f(of)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(ev) -n(aluation.)p eop -%%Page: 272 76 -272 75 bop 0 50 a FC(272)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y Fx(Notes)s FC(:)j(In)11 -b(normal)e(op)q(eration,)i(the)g(instruction)h(itself)e(will)g(not)h(result)g -(in)g(a)g(\\soft")f(page{failure)g(trap)h(b)q(ecause)0 245 -y(the)i(page)f(re\014ll)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(will)f(return)i(to)f(the)h -(instruction)g(instead)f(of)g(trapping.)17 b(\(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)c(\\soft")e -(failures)0 295 y(could)16 b(o)q(ccur)i(during)e(the)i(e\013ectiv)o -(e{address)h(computation.\))24 b(\\Hard")17 b(page{failures)f(\(busy)m(,)h -(timeout,)e(and)0 345 y(self{reference\))e(that)e(ma)o(y)d(ha)o(v)o(e)j(b)q -(een)h(caused)f(b)o(y)g(incorrectly)g(constructed)i(page)d(p)q(oin)o(ters)i -(result)f(in)f(a)g(\\hard")0 394 y(page{failure)16 b(double)i(w)o(ord)f(b)q -(eing)g(returned)i(in)e(A)o(C,A)o(C+1;)h(suc)o(h)g(failures)f(will)f(b)q(e)i -(mark)o(ed)e(with)h Fu(PF\045HMF)0 444 y FC(set)f(to)e(1.)20 -b(\\Hard")15 b(failures)f(asso)q(ciated)h(with)g(improp)q(erly{functioning)d -(hardw)o(are)j(\(e.g.,)e(pager)i(tag)g(or)f(data)0 494 y(parit)o(y)i(error,)h -(or)f(memory)e(parit)o(y)h(error)i(during)f(the)h(execution)g(of)e(the)i -(pager)g(re\014ll)f(micro)q(co)q(de,)f(etc.\))26 b(will)0 544 -y(result)14 b(in)g(a)f(hard)h(page{failure)e(trap.)18 b(F)m(urther,)c(a)g(v)n -(alid)e(mapping)f(could)i(describ)q(e)j(an)d(in)o(v)n(alid)f(address;)i(suc)o -(h)0 594 y(a)g(result)g(can)g(b)q(e)h(returned)g(b)o(y)f Fv(MAP)p -FC(.)0 679 y(The)j(accum)o(ulators)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(no)g(mapping.)24 -b(When)17 b(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)h Fx(E)j FC(sp)q(eci\014es)d(an)e -(accum)o(ulator,)e(the)0 729 y(result)h(will)d(re\015ect)k(the)f(mapping)c -(of)j(the)g(virtual)g(page)g(\(either)g(page)g(0)g(or)g(page)g(1000\))f(on)h -(whic)o(h)g(the)g(accu-)0 779 y(m)o(ulator's)d(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)k(app)q -(ears.)0 931 y Fy(3.7.4)55 b(Previous{Con)n(text)18 b(Reference)0 -1043 y FC(Ordinarily)g(an)g(instruction)h(in)f(a)g(user)i(program)d(is)h(p)q -(erformed)g(en)o(tirely)h(in)f(user)i(address)g(space,)g(and)e(an)0 -1093 y(instruction)d(in)e(the)i(executiv)o(e)h(is)e(p)q(erformed)g(en)o -(tirely)g(in)g(executiv)o(e)i(address)f(space.)21 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)14 -b(to)g(facilitate)0 1143 y(comm)o(unication)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)k(the)g -(Monitor)f(and)g(users,)i(the)f(executiv)o(e)g(can)g(execute)h(instructions)e -(in)g(whic)o(h)0 1193 y(selected)14 b(references)i(cross)d(o)o(v)o(er)g(the)g -(b)q(oundary)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(user)h(and)e(executiv)o(e)i(address)g -(spaces.)19 b(This)12 b(feature)0 1242 y(is)17 b(implemen)o(ted)e(b)o(y)i -(means)g(of)g(the)g(previous{con)o(text)i(execute,)g(or)e Fv(PX)o(CT)p -FC(,)f(instruction.)29 b(The)18 b(mnemonic)0 1292 y Fv(PX)o(CT)c -FC(is)i(for)f(con)o(v)o(enience)i(only)e(and)h(has)f(no)h(meaning)e(to)h(the) -i(assem)o(bler;)e(it)h(used)g(merely)f(to)h(indicate)f(an)0 -1342 y Fv(X)o(CT)g FC(with)f(non{zero)i Fx(A)f FC(bits.)23 -b(A)15 b Fv(PX)o(CT)f FC(is)h(an)g Fv(X)o(CT)p FC(.)f(Although)h(the)h -Fv(PX)o(CT)e FC(is)h(giv)o(en)g(b)o(y)g(a)g(program)f(in)g(the)0 -1392 y(curren)o(t)19 b(con)o(text,)g(some)e(of)g(the)h(references)i(made)d(b) -o(y)g(the)i(executed)g(instruction)f(can)g(b)q(e)g(in)f(the)i(previous)0 -1442 y(con)o(text.)j(A)15 b Fv(PX)o(CT)f FC(can)h(b)q(e)g(giv)o(en)g(only)f -(in)h(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de,)d(but)j(the)f(previous)h(con)o(text)f(ma)o(y)e -(b)q(e)j(the)f(user,)0 1491 y(suc)o(h)f(as)g(when)g(follo)o(wing)c(a)j(call)g -(to)g(the)h(Monitor)f(b)o(y)g(the)h(user.)19 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)14 -b(the)g(previous)g(con)o(text)g(can)f(b)q(e)h(the)0 1541 y(executiv)o(e,)f -(to)f(allo)o(w)f(comm)o(uni)o(cation)e(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)14 -b(one)e(lev)o(el)g(of)f(the)i(executiv)o(e)g(and)f(another,)h(suc)o(h)g(as)f -(when)g(the)0 1591 y(Monitor)i(giv)o(es)g(an)g(MUUO)h(to)f(itself.)19 -b(\(Note,)c(it)f(is)g(not)h(in)o(tended)g(that)f Fv(PX)o(CT)f -FC(b)q(e)i(used)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(Monitor)f(for)0 1641 y(unsolicited)g -(references)j(to)c(a)h(user)h(program.\))0 1726 y(It)h(is)h(v)o(ery)f(imp)q -(ortan)o(t)f(to)h(understand)i(exactly)e(whic)o(h)h(op)q(erations)f(are)h -(a\013ected)h(b)o(y)e Fv(PX)o(CT)f FC(and)h(whic)o(h)h(are)0 -1776 y(not.)h(The)13 b(only)f(di\013erence)j(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)f(an)f -(instruction)g(executed)i(b)o(y)e Fv(PX)o(CT)e FC(and)i(an)g(instruction)g(p) -q(erformed)f(in)0 1826 y(normal)e(circumstances)j(is)e(in)h(the)g(w)o(a)o(y)f -(certain)i(of)e(its)h(memory)d(and)j(index)g(register)h(references)h(are)f -(made.)j(T)m(o)0 1876 y(w)o(ork)11 b(as)g(a)g Fv(PX)o(CT)p -FC(,)e(an)i Fv(X)o(CT)f FC(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(giv)o(en)g(in)g(executiv)o(e)h -(mo)q(de,)e(and)h(the)g(bits)g(in)g(its)g Fx(A)g FC(\014eld)g(\(9{12\))f(m)o -(ust)g(not)0 1926 y(all)h(b)q(e)j(zero.)k(\(In)13 b(user)h(mo)q(de,)d -Fx(A)i FC(is)f(ignored.\))18 b(Otherwise,)c(there)g(is)e(no)h(di\013erence)i -(in)d(the)h(w)o(a)o(y)f(the)h Fv(X)o(CT)f FC(itself)0 1975 -y(is)g(p)q(erformed:)k(ev)o(erything)d(in)e(the)i Fv(PX)o(CT)d -FC(is)i(done)g(in)g(the)g(curren)o(t)i(\(executiv)o(e\))f(con)o(text,)f(and)g -(the)h(instruction)0 2025 y(to)j(b)q(e)g(executed)i(b)o(y)d(the)h -Fv(X)o(CT)f FC(is)h(fetc)o(hed)h(in)e(the)h(curren)o(t)h(con)o(text.)25 -b(That)15 b(is,)h(the)g(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)i(of)d(the)0 -2075 y Fv(PX)o(CT)i FC(is)h(computed)f(in)h(the)g(curren)o(t)i(con)o(text)f -(and)e(the)i(target)g(instruction)f(iden)o(ti\014ed)g(b)o(y)g -Fx(E)23 b FC(of)17 b Fv(PX)o(CT)g FC(is)0 2125 y(fetc)o(hed)e(from)d(the)j -(curren)o(t)g(con)o(text.)k(Moreo)o(v)o(er,)14 b(in)g(the)g(executed)i -(instruction,)e(all)f(accum)o(ulator)f(references)0 2175 y(\(sp)q(eci\014ed)i -(b)o(y)d(bits)h(9{12)f(of)g(the)h(instruction)h(w)o(ord\))e(are)i(in)e(the)h -(curren)o(t)i(con)o(text.)k(\(The)12 b(executiv)o(e)h(can)f(access)0 -2225 y(a)j(previous{con)o(text)g(accum)o(ulator)f(in)g Fv(PX)o(CT)g -FC(merely)g(b)o(y)g(addressing)i(it)e(as)h(a)g(fast{memory)d(lo)q(cation:)19 -b Fx(E)h FC(of)0 2274 y(the)f(target)f(instruction)g(can)g(address)i(a)d -(previous{con)o(text)i(accum)o(ulator.\))29 b(If)18 b(the)g(instruction)g -(mak)o(es)f(no)0 2324 y(memory)11 b(op)q(erand)j(references,)i(as)e(in)f(a)h -(shift)f(or)h(immedia)o(te{m)o(o)q(de)d(instruction,)j(and)f(it)h(has)g(no)f -(indexing)g(or)0 2374 y(indirection)k(\(i.e.,)f(the)i(instruction)f(w)o(ord)g -(giv)o(es)g Fx(E)22 b FC(directly\),)c(then)g(its)f(execution)h(di\013ers)g -(in)f(no)f(w)o(a)o(y)h(from)0 2424 y(the)h(normal)c(case.)29 -b(The)17 b(only)f(di\013erence)j(is)e(in)f(memory)f(and)i(index)g(register)h -(references.)30 b(In)17 b(general,)g(the)0 2474 y Fx(A)h FC(\014eld)h(of)f -Fv(PX)o(CT)f FC(sp)q(eci\014es)j(whether)g(or)f(not)f(to)g(use)i(the)f -(previous)f(con)o(text)i(in)e(the)h(computation)d(of)i(the)0 -2523 y(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)g(of)e(the)g(target)g(instruction,)h(and)e -(then)i(whether)g(or)f(not)g(to)f(read)i(and/or)e(write)h(memory)0 -2573 y(op)q(erands)f(in)e(the)i(previous)f(con)o(text.)p eop -%%Page: 273 77 -273 76 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(273)150 195 y(The)13 b(previous)g(con)o(text)g(is)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(three)i(quan)o(tities:)j(PCU)12 b(\(previous{con)o(text) -i(user\),)f(PCS)g(\(previous{)150 245 y(con)o(text)j(section\),)g(and)f(P)m -(A)o(C)g(\(previous{con)o(text)h(A)o(C)g(blo)q(c)o(k\).)22 -b(The)15 b(\014rst)h(of)f(these)i(is)e(a)g(PC)g(\015ag;)g(the)h(other)150 -295 y(t)o(w)o(o)j(are)h(comp)q(onen)o(ts)f(of)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(con)o -(text)e(\(accessible)h(via)e Fv(RDCTX)f FC(and)i Fv(WRCTX)p -FC(\).)e(F)m(ollo)o(wing)f(a)150 345 y(call)e(b)o(y)g(an)h(MUUO,)g(the)g -(section)g(in)f(whic)o(h)h(the)g(calling)f(program)f(w)o(as)h(running)h -(\(its)f(PC)h(section\))h(and)e(the)150 394 y(fast{memory)f(blo)q(c)o(k)i -(assigned)i(to)e(it)h(app)q(ear)g(as)g(the)g(PCS)g(and)g(curren)o(t{con)o -(text)h(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(k)g(\(CA)o(C\))g(\014elds)150 444 -y(in)d(the)i(w)o(ord)f(read)g(b)o(y)f Fv(RDCTX)p FC(.)g(F)m(or)g(the)i -(called)e(program,)f(these)k(t)o(w)o(o)d(quan)o(tities)h(can)g(then)g(b)q(e)h -(assigned)f(as)150 494 y(the)g(previous)g(con)o(text)h(b)o(y)e -Fv(WRCTX)p FC(.)f(The)i(curren)o(t)i(A)o(C)d(blo)q(c)o(k)g(of)g(the)i -(calling)d(program)g(also)h(app)q(ears)h(in)f(the)150 544 y(pro)q(cess{con)o -(text)g(w)o(ord)d(supplied)g(b)o(y)g(the)h(MUUO.)f(V)m(arious)g(lev)o(els)g -(of)g(the)h(Monitor)f(ma)o(y)e(all)h(use)i(fast)f(memory)150 -594 y(blo)q(c)o(k)17 b(zero;)i(or)e(a)g(separate)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(ma)o(y)f(b)q -(e)h(assigned)h(to)f(that)g(part)g(of)g(the)h(Monitor)e(that)i(uses)g -Fv(PX)o(CT)p FC(s)e(in)150 643 y(handling)d(MUUO)h(calls)g(from)e(other)i -(parts)h(of)e(the)h(Monitor.)150 729 y(Just)h(as)g(the)g(curren)o(t)g(mo)q -(de)f(is)g(indicated)g(b)o(y)g(the)h(User)h(\015ag,)d(the)i(mo)q(de)e(in)h -(whic)o(h)g(the)h(calling)e(program)g(w)o(as)150 779 y(running)i(is)g -(indicated)g(b)o(y)g(PCU.)h(A)o(t)f(an)g(MUUO)h(call,)e(this)i(\015ag)e(is)h -(set)i(up)e(automatically;)d(alternativ)o(ely)m(,)i(it)150 -829 y(ma)o(y)9 b(b)q(e)j(manipulated)d(via)i(a)g(\015ag{PC)f(double)h(w)o -(ord.)17 b(Note)12 b(that)f(the)h(restrictions)h(on)e(references)j(made)c(in) -g(the)150 878 y(previous)15 b(con)o(text)g(are)h(those)f(of)f(the)h(previous) -g(con)o(text|not)g(those)h(of)e(the)h(con)o(text)h(in)e(whic)o(h)g(the)i -Fv(PX)o(CT)d FC(is)150 928 y(giv)o(en|with)e(the)h(single)f(exception)i -(that,)f(if)f(the)h(curren)o(t)h(program)e(is)g(running)h(in)f(section)i -(zero,)f(the)h(previous)150 978 y(con)o(text)k(is)g(also)e(limited)g(to)h -(section)h(zero.)27 b(F)m(or)16 b(example,)g(if)f(the)i(executiv)o(e)h -(executes)h(an)d(instruction)h(that)150 1028 y(attempts)c(to)h(write)g(in)g -(write{protected)i(memory)m(,)10 b(that)k(reference)i(w)o(ould)d(fail.)150 -1172 y Fz(3.7.4.1)48 b(Previous{Con)o(text)12 b(Execute)p 150 -1439 1495 4 v 150 1364 V 148 1437 4 75 v 1643 1437 V 688 1437 -V 729 1437 V 896 1437 V 162 1469 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1414 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1469 -y Fl(8)p 522 1437 V 24 w(9)553 1410 y Fs(A)12 b FA(6)p FC(=)f(0)150 -1331 y Fi(PX)n(CT)190 b(Previous{Context)21 b(Execute)306 1413 -y FC(256)150 1565 y(Execute)e(the)f(instruction)f(found)g(in)f(the)i(w)o(ord) -f(addressed)i(b)o(y)e Fx(E)5 b FC(,)17 b(making)d(some)j(references)j(in)c -(the)i(previ-)150 1614 y(ous)g(con)o(text.)32 b(Whic)o(h)18 -b(references)j(in)d(the)h(executed)h(instruction)f(are)f(made)f(in)h(the)h -(previous)g(con)o(text)g(are)150 1664 y(determined)14 b(b)o(y)g(1s)g(in)f -(the)h Fx(A)g FC(p)q(ortion)g(of)f(the)h Fv(PX)o(CT)f FC(instruction)h(w)o -(ord)g(as)g(follo)o(ws:)150 1732 y Fx(Bit)50 b(R)n(efer)n(enc)n(e)14 -b(Made)i(in)f(Pr)n(evious)g(Context)g(if)f(Bit)h(is)f(1)150 -1817 y FC(9)85 b(E\013ectiv)o(e{address)15 b(calculation)d(of)g(instruction,) -h(including)f(b)q(oth)h(instruction)h(w)o(ords)f(in)g Fv(EXTEND)f -FC(\(in-)256 1867 y(dex)19 b(registers,)j(address)f(w)o(ords)f(b)o(y)f -(indirection\);)j(also)d Fv(EXTEND)g FC(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)j(calculation) -d(of)256 1917 y(source)c(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(if)f(bit)g(11)h(is)g(1)f(and)h(of)f -(destination)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(if)f(bit)h(12)f(is)h(1.)150 -2003 y(10)64 b(Memory)13 b(op)q(erands)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f -Fx(E)5 b FC(,)14 b(whether)i(fetc)o(h)f(or)f(store)h(\(for)g(example,)e -Fv(PUSH)h FC(source,)h Fv(POP)e FC(or)256 2052 y Fv(BL)m(T)g -FC(destination\);)h(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ter;)g(second)h(instruction)f(w)o -(ord)g(in)f Fv(EXTEND)p FC(.)150 2138 y(11)64 b(E\013ectiv)o(e{address)14 -b(calculation)e(of)g(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ter;)f(source)i(in)e -Fv(EXTEND)p FC(;)g(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)j(calculation)256 -2188 y(of)e Fv(EXTEND)h FC(source)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(if)f(bit)g(9)h(is)g(1.) -150 2273 y(12)64 b(Byte)16 b(data;)f(stac)o(k)h(in)f Fv(PUSH)g -FC(or)h Fv(POP)p FC(;)d(source)k(in)e Fv(BL)m(T)p FC(;)g(destination)h(in)f -Fv(EXTEND)p FC(;)f(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)256 2323 y(calculation)e(of)i -Fv(EXTEND)f FC(destination)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(if)f(bit)h(9)f(is)h(1.)150 -2427 y(Previous{con)o(text)e(referencing)g(is)e(useful)h(and)f(reasonable)h -(in)f(some)g(instructions)h(but)g(inapplicable)e(to)h(others.)150 -2476 y(There)k(is)f(no)f(trap)h(of)f(an)o(y)g(kind,)h(and)f(the)h(e\013ect)i -(of)d(using)h(the)g(feature)g(with)g(an)f(instruction)i(to)e(whic)o(h)h(it)f -(do)q(es)150 2526 y(not)i(apply)f(is)h(unde\014ned.)p eop -%%Page: 274 78 -274 77 bop 0 50 a FC(274)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)275 238 y Fx(Applic)n(able)466 -b(Inapplic)n(able)275 324 y Fv(MO)o(VE)13 b FC(class,)h Fv(XMO)o(VEI)250 -b FC(LUUO,)14 b(MUUO)275 374 y Fv(EX)o(CH,)f(BL)m(T,)g(XBL)m(T)314 -b(JUMP)m(,)12 b(A)o(OJ,)g(SOJ)275 423 y FC(Half)h(w)o(ord,)g -Fv(XHLLI)333 b(A)o(OBJN,)12 b(A)o(OBJP)275 473 y FC(Arithmetic)452 -b Fv(JSR,)13 b(JSA,)f(JRA,)h(JSP)m(,)f(JRST)275 523 y FC(Bo)q(olean)504 -b Fv(PUSHJ,)12 b(POPJ)275 573 y(DMO)o(VE)h FC(class)405 b Fv(X)o(CT,)13 -b(PX)o(CT)275 623 y(CAM,)g(CAI)g FC(classes)337 b(Shift)13 -b(and)h(Rotate)275 673 y Fv(SKIP)m(,)e(SOS,)h(A)o(OS)g FC(classes)225 -b(String,)13 b(except)i Fv(MO)o(VSLJ)275 722 y FC(Logical)e(T)m(est)429 -b Fv(UMO)o(VE,)12 b(UMO)o(VEM)275 772 y(PUSH,)h(POP)m(,)e(ADJSP)275 -822 y FC(Byte)275 872 y Fv(MO)o(VSLJ)275 922 y(MAP)m(,)i(CLRPT)0 -1041 y FC(Only)h(the)g(com)o(binations)e(sho)o(wn)i(in)f(T)m(able)g(3.4)g -(are)i(p)q(ermitted.)0 1127 y(No)g(jumps)f(can)i(use)g(previous{con)o(text)g -(referencing.)23 b(Ev)o(en)16 b(among)d(the)j(instructions)g(to)f(whic)o(h)g -(suc)o(h)h(refer-)0 1176 y(encing)h(is)g(applicable,)f(only)h(a)f(limited)f -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)h(the)g(sixteen)h(p)q(ossible)f(bit)g(com)o(binations)e -(are)i(useful)g(or)0 1226 y(meaningful.)23 b(Doing)15 b(an)h(e\013ectiv)o -(e{address)j(computation)14 b(in)i(the)h(previous)g(con)o(text)g(\(selected)h -(b)o(y)e(bit)g(9)g(or)0 1276 y(11\))d(usually)f(mak)o(es)g(sense)j(only)e -(when)g(the)h(corresp)q(onding)g(data)f(access)i(is)e(also)g(in)f(the)i -(previous)g(con)o(text)g(\(as)0 1326 y(selected)i(b)o(y)d(bit)h(10)f(or)h -(12,)f(except)i(11)f(or)g(12)f(in)g Fv(EXTEND)p FC(\).)0 1411 -y(When)k(bit)f(9)h(is)f(zero,)i(the)g(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)h(computation)c -(o)q(ccurs)j(in)e(the)h(curren)o(t)i(con)o(text.)27 b(Despite)17 -b(the)0 1461 y(previous{con)o(text)e(section)h(b)q(eing)e(zero,)h(the)g -(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)i(computation)c(can)h(\\escap)q(e")i(to)e(a)g -(non{zero)0 1511 y(section)g(when)h(this)f(bit)f(is)h(zero.)519 -1496 y Fn(28)573 1511 y FC(\(This)f(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)j(a)e(programming)d -(error.\))19 b(If)14 b(this)f(b)q(eha)o(vior)h(is)g(not)f(desired,)0 -1561 y(it)h(can)h(b)q(e)h(a)o(v)o(oided)d(either)j(b)o(y)f(setting)g(bit)f -(9,)g(whic)o(h)h(forces)g(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)h(computation)c(to)h -(b)q(eha)o(v)o(e)0 1611 y(according)f(to)g(the)g(rules)h(of)e(section)i -(zero,)f(or)g(the)h(comp)q(onen)o(ts)e(of)g(the)i(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)h -(computation)d(\(usu-)0 1660 y(ally)g(an)h(index)g(register\))i(can)f(b)q(e)g -(adjusted)g(to)f(compute)g(a)g(section)h(zero)g(address.)19 -b(This)13 b(caution)h(applies)f(also)0 1710 y(to)h(the)g Fv(UMO)o(VE)f -FC(and)h Fv(UMO)o(VEM)e FC(instructions.)0 1796 y(Execution)i(of)g(a)f -Fv(BL)m(T)h FC(b)o(y)g(a)f Fv(PX)o(CT)g FC(is)h(limited)d(to)j(these)h(three) -h(cases:)62 1915 y FA(\017)21 b FC(Where)14 b(all)f(op)q(erands,)h -(regardless)i(of)d(con)o(text,)h(are)g(in)g(section)g(zero.)62 -1998 y FA(\017)21 b FC(Where)14 b(the)g(previous{con)o(text)g(fast{memory)c -(blo)q(c)o(k)j(is)g(b)q(eing)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(in)g(or)g(restored)i(from)d(the) -h(curren)o(t)104 2047 y(con)o(text,)i(whic)o(h)g(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)h(an)o(y)g -(section.)22 b(\(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)16 b(remem)o(b)q(er)e(that,)h(regardless)h -(of)f(con)o(text,)g(a)g Fv(BL)m(T)p FC({)104 2097 y(giv)o(en)e(in{section)h -(address)h(in)e(the)h(range)g(0{17)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(refers)i(to)f -(fast{memory)l(.)h(Hence,)g(an)f(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(k)104 2147 -y(can)h(nev)o(er)h(b)q(e)f(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(in)g(or)g(restored)h(from)d(the)j -(\014rst)f(sixteen)h(storage)g(lo)q(cations)e(in)g(an)o(y)h(section.\))62 -2230 y FA(\017)21 b FC(Where)15 b(all)d(op)q(erations)i(are)h(con\014ned)g -(to)e(a)h(single)g(section)g(in)g(the)g(previous)g(con)o(text,)h(as)f(w)o -(ould)f(b)q(e)h(the)104 2280 y(case)h(when)f(clearing)g(a)f(user)i(page.)0 -2399 y(In)e(all)e(other)j(circumstances,)f Fv(XBL)m(T)f FC(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)i -(used)f(instead.)18 b(When)13 b Fv(XBL)m(T)f FC(is)h(p)q(erformed)g(b)o(y)f -Fv(PX)o(CT)p FC(,)f(PCS)i(is)0 2448 y(ignored)h(b)q(ecause)h(A)o(C+1)f(and)g -(A)o(C+2)g(are)g(in)o(terpreted)i(as)e(global)e(addresses.)p -0 2483 720 2 v 31 2510 a Fm(28)64 2522 y Fl(The)i(KL10)h(has)f(sp)q(ecial)g -(hardw)o(are)f(to)h(force)g(a)h(section)e(zero)h(reference)e(in)i(this)h -(case)f(when)g(PCS)h(is)g(zero;)g(the)f(TO)o(AD)1771 2519 y(-)1782 -2522 y(1)0 2561 y(System)c(do)q(es)g(not.)p eop -%%Page: 275 79 -275 78 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(275)377 375 y Fy(T)-5 b(able)19 b(3.4:)24 -b(XKL)765 371 y(-)781 375 y(1)18 b(P)n(ermissible)e Fk(PX)o(CT)j -Fy(Addressing)g(Mo)r(des)175 545 y Fx(Instructions)203 b(9)95 -b(10)g(11)f(12)170 b(R)n(efer)n(enc)n(es)14 b(in)h(Pr)n(evious)g(Context)175 -631 y FC(General,)e(Immediate,)175 689 y Fv(MAP)266 674 y FA(y)286 -689 y FC(,)g Fv(CLRPT)442 674 y FA(y)595 689 y FC(0)95 b(1)116 -b(0)f(0)191 b(Data)595 739 y(1)95 b(1)116 b(0)f(0)191 b Fx(E)5 -b FC(,)13 b(Data)175 825 y Fv(BL)m(T)345 b FC(0)95 b(0)116 -b(0)f(1)191 b(Source)595 875 y(0)95 b(1)116 b(0)f(0)191 b(Destination)595 -924 y(0)95 b(1)116 b(0)f(1)191 b(Source,)14 b(Destination)595 -974 y(1)95 b(1)116 b(0)f(0)191 b Fx(E)5 b FC(,)13 b(Destination)595 -1024 y(1)95 b(1)116 b(0)f(1)191 b Fx(E)5 b FC(,)13 b(Source,)h(Destination) -175 1110 y Fv(XBL)m(T)317 b FC(0)95 b(0)116 b(0)f(1)191 b(Destination)595 -1159 y(0)95 b(0)116 b(1)f(0)191 b(Source)595 1209 y(0)95 b(0)116 -b(1)f(1)191 b(Source,)14 b(Destination)175 1295 y(Stac)o(k)321 -b(0)95 b(0)116 b(0)f(1)191 b(Stac)o(k)595 1345 y(0)95 b(1)116 -b(0)f(0)191 b(Memory)12 b(Data)595 1394 y(0)95 b(1)116 b(0)f(1)191 -b(Memory)12 b(Data,)h(Stac)o(k)595 1444 y(1)95 b(1)116 b(0)f(0)191 -b Fx(E)5 b FC(,)13 b(Memory)g(Data)595 1494 y(1)95 b(1)116 -b(0)f(1)191 b Fx(E)5 b FC(,)13 b(Memory)g(Data,)g(Stac)o(k)175 -1580 y(Byte)335 b(0)95 b(0)116 b(0)f(1)191 b(Data)595 1629 -y(0)95 b(0)116 b(1)f(1)191 b(P)o(oin)o(ter)13 b Fx(E)5 b FC(,)14 -b(Data)595 1679 y(0)95 b(1)116 b(1)f(1)191 b(P)o(oin)o(ter,)13 -b(P)o(oin)o(ter)h Fx(E)5 b FC(,)14 b(Data)595 1729 y(1)95 b(1)116 -b(1)f(1)191 b Fx(E)5 b FC(,)13 b(P)o(oin)o(ter,)h(P)o(oin)o(ter)g -Fx(E)5 b FC(,)13 b(Data)175 1815 y Fv(MO)o(VSLJ)261 b FC(0)95 -b(0)116 b(0)f(1)191 b(Destination)595 1864 y(1)95 b(0)116 b(0)f(1)191 -b Fx(E)5 b FC(\(=)p Fx(Y)j FC(\),)14 b(Destination)f(P)o(oin)o(ter,)g -(Destination)595 1914 y(0)95 b(0)116 b(1)f(0)191 b(Source)595 -1964 y(1)95 b(0)116 b(1)f(0)191 b Fx(E)5 b FC(\(=)p Fx(Y)j -FC(\),)14 b(Source)g(P)o(oin)o(ter,)g(Source)595 2014 y(0)95 -b(0)116 b(1)f(1)191 b(Source,)14 b(Destination)595 2064 y(1)95 -b(0)116 b(1)f(1)191 b Fx(E)5 b FC(\(=)p Fx(Y)j FC(\),)14 b(P)o(oin)o(ters,)f -(Source,)i(Destination)150 2183 y FA(y)183 2198 y Fv(MAP)d -FC(and)h Fv(CLRPT)f FC(are)h(considered)h(to)e(b)q(e)h(memory)d(reference)15 -b(instructions)f(\(ev)o(en)f(though)f(data)h(is)f(neither)150 -2248 y(read)i(nor)g(written)h(in)e(memory\),)e(b)q(ecause)16 -b Fx(E)j FC(is)13 b(in)o(terpreted)j(b)o(y)e(hardw)o(are)g(as)g(a)g(memory)d -(address.)p eop -%%Page: 276 80 -276 79 bop 0 50 a FC(276)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y Fz(3.7.4.2)48 -b(Other)14 b(References)g(to)i(the)f(Previous)e(Con)o(text)0 -307 y FC(In)22 b(addition)f(to)h Fv(PX)o(CT)p FC(,)f(the)h(XKL)603 -303 y(-)616 307 y(1)f(pro)o(vides)i(the)g Fv(UMO)o(VE)d FC(and)i -Fv(UMO)o(VEM)g FC(instructions)g(that)h(mo)o(v)o(e)0 357 y(data)d(b)q(et)o(w) -o(een)i(the)e(curren)o(t)i(and)e(previous)h(con)o(texts.)38 -b(These)21 b(instructions)g(are)g(equiv)n(alen)o(t)e(in)h(e\013ect)i(to)0 -407 y Fv(PX)o(CT)13 b(4,[MO)o(VE)f(A)o(C,E])j FC(and)h Fv(PX)o(CT)d(4,[MO)o -(VEM)g(A)o(C,E])n FC(,)k(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(,)h(but)f(they)g(are)g -(somewhat)f(faster)h(to)0 457 y(execute.)j(Note)14 b(that)g(the)h(e\013ectiv) -o(e{address)h(computation)d(is)g(p)q(erformed)h(in)g(the)g(curren)o(t)h(con)o -(text)g(\(whic)o(h)f(is)0 507 y(problematical)e(is)h(some)g(situations\);)h -(only)f(the)h(memory)e(op)q(erand)i(is)g(in)f(the)i(previous)f(con)o(text.)0 -592 y(Where)g(appropriate,)e(these)i(op)q(erations)f(are)g(preferred)i(b)q -(ecause)f(they)f(promote)f(instruction)h(stream)f(lo)q(calit)o(y)0 -642 y(and)i(reduce)h(memory)d(references)k(in)e(comparison)e(to)i(their)g -Fv(PX)o(CT)f FC(coun)o(terparts.)p 0 891 1495 4 v 0 816 V -2 -889 4 75 v 1493 889 V 538 889 V 579 889 V 746 889 V 12 921 -a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 866 -y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 921 y Fl(8)p 372 889 V 24 w(9)441 -866 y Fx(A)0 783 y Fi(UMO)n(VE)138 b(Move)19 b(F)n(rom)f(User)g(Context)156 -865 y FC(716)0 1016 y(P)o(erform)d(the)i(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)h -(computation)c(to)i(determine)g Fx(E)21 b FC(in)15 b(the)i(curren)o(t)g(con)o -(text.)25 b(Using)16 b Fx(E)21 b FC(as)16 b(an)0 1066 y(address)f(in)f(the)g -(previous)g(con)o(text,)g(cop)o(y)g(the)h(lo)q(cation)e(addressed)i(b)o(y)f -Fx(E)19 b FC(to)14 b(A)o(C.)p 0 1315 1495 4 v 0 1240 V -2 1313 -4 75 v 1493 1313 V 538 1313 V 579 1313 V 746 1313 V 12 1345 -a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1290 -y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1345 y Fl(8)p 372 1313 V 24 w(9)441 -1290 y Fx(A)0 1207 y Fi(UMO)n(VEM)89 b(Move)19 b(T)-5 b(o)18 -b(User)h(Context)156 1289 y FC(717)0 1440 y(P)o(erform)c(the)i(e\013ectiv)o -(e{address)h(computation)c(to)i(determine)g Fx(E)21 b FC(in)15 -b(the)i(curren)o(t)g(con)o(text.)25 b(Using)16 b Fx(E)21 b -FC(as)16 b(an)0 1490 y(address)f(in)f(the)g(previous)g(con)o(text,)g(cop)o(y) -g(A)o(C)g(to)g(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(addressed)j(b)o(y)e Fx(E)5 -b FC(.)0 1642 y Fy(3.7.5)55 b(Address)19 b(Debugging)0 1755 -y FC(The)h(address{failure,)h(or)f(address{break,)i(feature)e(of)g(the)g -(pager)g(implemen)o(ts)d(the)j(traditional)f(program)0 1804 -y(debugging)12 b(tec)o(hnique)h(of)e(trapping)h(a)f(selected)j(t)o(yp)q(e)f -(of)e(memory)f(reference)15 b(to)c(a)h(particula)g(storage)g(lo)q(cation.)0 -1854 y(\(The)h(address{failure)g(mec)o(hanism)d(do)q(es)k(not)e(trap)h -(fast{memory)d(references)15 b(of)d(an)o(y)g(kind.\))18 b(It)12 -b(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(used)0 1904 y(to)i(determine)g(whether)h(a)f(giv)o(en)f -(program)f(is)i(mo)q(difying)d(a)j(particular)f(lo)q(cation,)g(is)h -(executing)h(a)e(particular)0 1954 y(piece)h(of)e(co)q(de,)h(or)g(is)g -(simply)e(using)h(a)h(particular)g(piece)g(of)g(data.)p 0 2203 -1495 4 v 0 2128 V -2 2201 4 75 v 1493 2201 V 538 2201 V 579 -2201 V 746 2201 V 12 2233 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 2178 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2233 y Fl(8)p -372 2201 V 24 w(9)446 2177 y FC(3)0 2095 y Fi(WRADB)332 2097 -y(W)n(rite)19 b(Address{Break)g(Data)f(\(APR0)g(3,\))156 2177 -y FC(700)0 2328 y(Select)d(the)f(break)h(address)g(and)f(the)g(break)g -(conditions)g(according)g(to)g(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e -Fx(E)5 b FC(,)14 b(as)g(sho)o(wn)g(b)q(elo)o(w.)p 0 2518 1495 -2 v -1 2517 2 100 v 0 2418 1495 2 v 1494 2517 2 100 v 124 2530 -2 13 v 248 2530 V 373 2530 V 497 2530 V 622 2530 V 746 2538 -2 21 v 871 2530 2 13 v 995 2530 V 1120 2530 V 1244 2530 V 1369 -2530 V 12 2547 a Fn(0)p 41 2517 2 100 v -17 w(0)p -1 2517 V -1 2482 a Fx(U)54 2547 y Fn(1)p 82 2517 V -17 w(1)p 41 2517 -V 50 2482 a Fx(I)96 2547 y Fn(2)p 124 2517 V -17 w(2)p 82 2517 -V 84 2482 a Fx(R)137 2547 y Fn(3)p 165 2517 V -17 w(3)p 124 -2517 V 120 2482 a Fx(W)220 2547 y Fn(5)p 248 2517 V -58 w(4)p -165 2517 V 1261 w(35)p 1494 2517 V -1229 w(6)p 248 2517 V 672 -2482 a Fx(Br)n(e)n(ak)g(Virtual)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess)p eop -%%Page: 277 81 -277 80 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.7.)31 b(P)m(A)o(GING)13 b(AND)h(MEMOR)m(Y)f(MANA)o -(GEMENT)827 b FC(277)150 195 y(The)14 b(break)h(conditions)e(are)h(selected)i -(b)o(y)e(1s)g(in)f(bits)h(0{3,)f(as)h(follo)o(ws:)150 263 y -Fx(U)118 b FC(User)16 b(\()p Fu(ADB\045US==:1B0)p FC(\).)k(If)15 -b(1,)g(this)g(break)h(is)f(set)h(for)f(a)g(user)i(virtual{address;)e -(otherwise,)h(it)f(is)g(for)299 313 y(an)f(executiv)o(e)h(virtual{address.) -150 398 y Fx(I)133 b FC(Instruction)15 b(fetc)o(h)g(\()p Fu(ADB\045EX==:1B1)p -FC(\).)j(If)c(1,)g(this)h(break)g(is)f(set)i(for)e(an)g(instruction)h(fetc)o -(h.)21 b(The)15 b(trap)299 448 y(will)g(o)q(ccur)j(when)f(data)g(is)g(fetc)o -(hed)g(from)e(the)j(selected)h(address)f(under)f(con)o(trol)g(of)f(the)h(PC.) -g(\(This)299 498 y(do)q(es)e(not)e(trap)h(if)f(the)i(lo)q(cation)e(is)h(b)q -(eing)g(executed)h(b)o(y)f Fv(X)o(CT)p FC(.\))150 583 y Fx(R)119 -b FC(Read)17 b(\()p Fu(ADB\045RD==:1B2)p FC(\).)26 b(If)17 -b(1,)h(this)f(break)h(is)f(set)h(for)f(a)g(data)g(read.)29 -b(The)18 b(trap)f(will)f(o)q(ccur)i(when)299 633 y(data)c(is)g(fetc)o(hed)h -(from)d(the)j(selected)h(address)f(in)f(an)o(y)f(circumstance)i(other)g(than) -f(under)h(the)f(con)o(trol)299 683 y(of)h(the)h(PC.)f(\(T)m(raps)g(if)g(this) -g(lo)q(cation)g(is)g(executed)i(b)o(y)f Fv(X)o(CT)p FC(;)e(traps)i(if)e(this) -i(lo)q(cation)e(is)h(read)h(during)299 733 y(an)e(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)i -(calculation,)c(etc.\))150 818 y Fx(W)108 b FC(W)m(rite)16 -b(\()p Fu(ADB\045WR==:1B3)p FC(\).)23 b(If)16 b(1,)h(trap)f(when)h(an)g -(attempt)e(is)i(made)e(to)h(write)h(data)f(in)g(the)h(selected)299 -868 y(address.)150 954 y Fx(Br)n(e)n(ak)e(Virtual)f(A)n(ddr)n(ess)299 -1021 y FC(Address)e(\()p Fu(ADB\045AD==:7777777777)p FC(\).)i(This)c(is)h -(the)g(virtual)f(address)i(b)q(eing)f(w)o(atc)o(hed)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(address{) -299 1071 y(break)j(system.)150 1175 y Fx(Note)s FC(:)31 b(the)20 -b(address{break)i(system)e(dep)q(ends)i(on)e(the)g(pager;)k(the)c(break)h -(address)g(is)f(a)g(virtual{address,)150 1224 y(and)d(the)h(pager)f(m)o(ust)f -(b)q(e)i(on)e(for)h(address{break)i(to)d(function.)28 b(The)17 -b(address{break)i(system)e(cannot)g(trap)150 1274 y(references)h(b)o(y)d(p)q -(eripheral)h(devices,)h(references)h(whic)o(h)d(b)o(ypass)h(the)g(pager)f -(\(e.g.,)g Fv(PMO)o(VEM)p FC(\),)f(or)h(references)150 1324 -y(through)f(another)f(map)f(in)h(whic)o(h)h(the)g(target)g(lo)q(cation)e(app) -q(ears)j(at)e(a)g(di\013eren)o(t)i(virtual{address.)j(A)13 -b Fv(CLRPT)150 1374 y FC(instruction)h(should)f(b)q(e)h(giv)o(en)f(to)h -(\015ush)g(an)o(y)f(mapping)e(the)j(PTB)h(ma)o(y)c(already)i(ha)o(v)o(e)h -(for)f(the)h(page)g(on)f(whic)o(h)150 1424 y(the)i(break)g(is)g(b)q(eing)f -(set.)22 b(\(If)14 b(the)h(UBR)g(has)g(recen)o(tly)h(b)q(een)f(c)o(hanged,)g -(or)g(if)e(it)i(is)f(ab)q(out)h(to)f(b)q(e)i(c)o(hanged,)e(the)150 -1474 y Fv(CLRPT)f FC(ma)o(y)f(not)i(b)q(e)h(necessary)m(.\))150 -1559 y Fx(XKL)241 1555 y(-)254 1559 y(1)d(implementation)h(note)s -FC(:)k(this)12 b(description)g(not)o(withstanding,)f(the)h(XKL)1456 -1555 y(-)1468 1559 y(1)f(hardw)o(are)h(recognizes)h(only)150 -1609 y(t)o(w)o(o)h(conditions:)k(an)o(y)13 b(reference,)k(and)c(write.)19 -b(The)c(selections)g Fx(I)21 b FC(and)14 b Fx(R)i FC(are)e(implemen)o(ted)e -(as)i(break)h(on)e(an)o(y)150 1659 y(reference.)20 b(Monitor)11 -b(soft)o(w)o(are,)g(activ)n(ated)h(to)f(handle)g(the)i(address{failure)e -(trap,)h(will)e(examine)g(the)j(trap)e(data)150 1709 y(to)j(determine)g(if)f -(the)h(address{break)h(is)f(to)g(passed)h(on)o(w)o(ard)e(to)h(the)g(user)h -(program.)150 1794 y(The)f(address{break)i(system)d(is)h(disabled)g(b)o(y)f -(selecting)i(no)f(break)g(conditions.)150 1880 y(Whenev)o(er)g(the)g(pro)q -(cessor)h(attempts)e(one)h(of)e(the)i(selected)i(t)o(yp)q(es)e(of)e -(reference)k(to)d(the)h(virtual{address)g(sp)q(ec-)150 1929 -y(i\014ed)i(b)o(y)f(the)i(break)f(address)h(in)e(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i -(address)f(space,)f(a)g(page)g(failure)f(results)h(unless)h(the)f(Address)150 -1979 y(F)m(ailure)c(Inhibit)h(\(AFI\))g(\015ag)g(is)g(set.)19 -b(This)13 b(\015ag,)f(bit)h(8)g(of)f(the)i(program)d(\015ags,)i(can)g(b)q(e)h -(set)g(only)f(b)o(y)f(an)h(instruc-)150 2029 y(tion)i(that)h(restores)i -(\015ags.)23 b(When)16 b(set,)h(it)f(prev)o(en)o(ts)h(an)e(address)i(failure) -e(during)h(the)g(next)g(instruction|the)150 2079 y(completion)e(of)i(the)g -(next)g(instruction)h(automatically)c(clears)j(it.)24 b(\(If)16 -b(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i(or)f(trap)g(in)o(terv)o(enes,)h(the)150 -2129 y(e\013ect)f(of)e(the)h(\015ag)e(is)h(deferred:)21 b(it)14 -b(is)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(and)h(cleared)g(when)g(the)f(\015ags)h(and)f(PC)g(are)h -(sa)o(v)o(ed;)f(it)g(is)g(restored)150 2179 y(when)f(the)f(in)o(terrupt)h(or) -f(trap)g(returns)i(to)e(the)g(in)o(terrupted)i(program.\))h(The)e(AFI)f -(\015ag)g(a\013ects)h(the)g(instruction)150 2228 y(follo)o(wing)d(a)j -Fv(JRST)g FC(in)g(whic)o(h)g(it)f(is)h(restored)i(with)e(PC.)g(Using)g(the)g -(inhibit)f(\015ag,)h(the)g(Monitor)g(\(or)g(user{mo)q(de)150 -2278 y(address{break)j(handler\))g(can)f(return)h(to)e(the)i(instruction)f -(that)g(caused)h(an)f(address)h(failure)e(and)h(execute)h(it)150 -2328 y(once)f(without)e(getting)h(another)g(address{break.)150 -2414 y(Since)h(the)h(address{break)g(facilit)o(y)d(is)h(en)o(tirely)h(under)h -(the)f(con)o(trol)f(of)h(the)g(privileged)f Fv(WRADB)g FC(instruction,)150 -2463 y(it)e(can)g(b)q(e)h(used)h(quite)e(\015exibly)g(for)g(the)h(the)f -(executiv)o(e)i(to)e(debug)h(its)f(o)o(wn)g(routines)h(or)f(to)g(debug)h(a)f -(single)g(user)150 2513 y(program)j(without)h(b)q(othering)h(the)g(executiv)o -(e)g(or)g(other)g(users.)27 b(The)17 b(break)g(conditions)f(presen)o(tly)h -(in)f(e\013ect)150 2563 y(can)e(b)q(e)h(ascertained)g(b)o(y)e(giving)g(the)h -(follo)o(wing)e(instruction:)p eop -%%Page: 278 82 -278 81 bop 0 50 a FC(278)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)p 0 355 1495 4 v 0 280 -V -2 353 4 75 v 1493 353 V 538 353 V 579 353 V 746 353 V 12 -384 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -330 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 384 y Fl(8)p 372 353 V 24 w(9)446 -329 y FC(1)0 246 y Fi(RD)n(ADB)332 249 y(Read)19 b(Address)f(Break)g(Data)g -(\(APR0)h(1,\))156 329 y FC(700)0 480 y(Read)13 b(the)g(curren)o(t)i(break)e -(conditions)f(and)h(address)h(in)o(to)f(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(addressed)j(b)o -(y)d Fx(E)5 b FC(.)18 b(The)c(data)e(is)h(in)f(the)0 530 y(same)h(format)f -(as)i(used)h(in)e Fv(WRADB)p FC(.)0 703 y Ft(3.8)70 b(Tim)o(i)o(ng)0 -829 y FC(The)17 b(XKL)179 825 y(-)191 829 y(1)g(includes)g(a)f(subsystem)h -(for)f(k)o(eeping)h(trac)o(k)g(of)f(the)h(passage)g(of)f(time)g(and)g(pro)o -(viding)g(p)q(erio)q(dic)0 879 y(in)o(terrupts.)0 1031 y Fy(3.8.1)55 -b(In)n(terv)m(al)18 b(Timer)e(Programming)0 1144 y FC(The)g(in)o(terv)n(al)f -(timer)f(is)i(an)f(8{bit)g(hardw)o(are)h(coun)o(ter)g(that)g(is)f(incremen)o -(ted)h(ev)o(ery)h(128)d(microseconds.)24 b(The)0 1193 y(in)o(terv)n(al)14 -b(timer)g(loads)g(itself)h(with)g(the)g(1's)g(complemen)o(t)e(of)h(the)i(in)o -(terv)n(al)e(p)q(erio)q(d)h(\(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(in)g(the)i(range)f(1)0 -1243 y(to)d(127\))g(and)h(coun)o(ts)g(up)g(b)o(y)f(1)g(at)h(eac)o(h)g(\\tic)o -(k")f(of)f(the)j(128{microsecond)d(clo)q(c)o(k.)18 b(When)12 -b(the)h(coun)o(ter)h(con)o(tains)0 1293 y(the)k(v)n(alue)f(127,)h(the)g(next) -g(tic)o(k)g(pro)q(duces)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)g(on)g(the)g(selected)i(priorit)o -(y)d(lev)o(el)g(and)g(the)i(in)o(terv)n(al)0 1343 y(timer)13 -b(reloads)h(itself)f(with)h(the)g(1's)g(complemen)o(t)e(of)h(the)h(in)o(terv) -n(al)f(p)q(erio)q(d.)0 1428 y(A)j Fv(WRITM)g FC(instruction)g(that)g(clears)h -(the)g(in)o(terv)n(al)e(timer)f(and)i(loads)g(the)g(in)o(terv)n(al)f(p)q -(erio)q(d)h(is)g(async)o(hronous)0 1478 y(with)11 b(the)g(tic)o(king)f(of)h -(the)g(128{microsecond)f(clo)q(c)o(k.)17 b(This)11 b(means)f(that)h(the)h -(next)f(tic)o(k)g(of)g(the)g(128{microsecond)0 1528 y(clo)q(c)o(k)i(ma)o(y)f -(o)q(ccur)i(at)f(an)o(y)g(time)f(from)g(0)h(to)g(128)f(microseconds)i(follo)o -(wing)d(a)i Fv(WRITM)g FC(instruction.)18 b(Th)o(us,)13 b(the)0 -1578 y(\014rst)j(in)o(terrupt)g(\(after)f(the)h Fv(WRITM)p -FC(\))f(ma)o(y)e(o)q(ccur)j(from)d(0)i(to)g(128)f(microseconds)i(earlier)f -(than)g(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)0 1628 y(p)q(erio)q(d.)j(The)13 -b(second)i(and)d(subsequen)o(t)j(in)o(terv)n(als)d(will)g(b)q(e)i(of)e(the)h -(correct)i(duration,)d(un)o(til)g(the)i(in)o(terv)n(al)e(timer)0 -1677 y(is)i(reinitialized)f(b)o(y)h(another)g Fv(WRITM)p FC(.)0 -1763 y(An)20 b(in)o(terv)n(al)g(p)q(erio)q(d)h(of)e(1)h(sp)q(eci\014es)i(in)o -(terrupts)g(ev)o(ery)f(256)e(microseconds;)k(the)e(maxim)o(um)15 -b(p)q(erio)q(d,)22 b(127,)0 1813 y(sp)q(eci\014es)16 b(in)o(terrupts)f(ev)o -(ery)f(32.768)f(milli)o(seconds.)0 1898 y(A)f Fv(WRITM)g FC(instruction)g -(that)g(sp)q(eci\014es)i(a)e(new)g(in)o(terv)n(al)f(p)q(erio)q(d)i(should)e -(also)h(request)h(that)f(the)h(in)o(terv)n(al)e(timer)0 1948 -y(b)q(e)19 b(cleared,)h(b)q(ecause,)h(if)c(the)i(in)o(terv)n(al)f(p)q(erio)q -(d)h(is)f(set)h(without)f(clearing)g(the)h(in)o(terv)n(al)f(timer,)g(the)h -(coun)o(ter)0 1998 y(con)o(tin)o(ues)14 b(coun)o(ting)g(un)o(til)f(the)h -(curren)o(tly)h(loaded)f(in)o(terv)n(al)f(p)q(erio)q(d)h(is)g(exhausted.)0 -2084 y(The)j(in)o(terv)n(al)e(timer)g(can)h(b)q(e)h(used)g(for)f(an)o(y)f -(purp)q(ose)j(b)o(y)e(the)g(soft)o(w)o(are,)h(but)f(it)g(is)g(emplo)o(y)o(ed) -e(principally)h(to)0 2133 y(signal)h(the)i(Monitor)f(when)g(a)g(user)i(pro)q -(cess)g(ties)e(up)h(the)g(system)f(for)f(to)q(o)h(long)g(a)g(time)f(without)g -(blo)q(c)o(king.)0 2183 y(There)e(is)e(just)g(one)h(\015ag,)f(\\In)o(terv)n -(al)f(Done",)h(whic)o(h)g(is)h(set)g(when)g(the)g(coun)o(ter)g(reac)o(hes)h -(the)f(v)n(alue)f(the)h(program)0 2233 y(sp)q(eci\014es)j(as)f(its)g(p)q -(erio)q(d.)20 b(When)15 b(the)h(coun)o(ter)f(reac)o(hes)h(that)f(v)n(alue,)f -(it)g(resets)j(itself)d(\(to)h(the)g(1's)f(complemen)o(t)0 -2283 y(of)j(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(in)o(terv)n(al)e(p)q(erio)q(d\))h(and)f -(con)o(tin)o(ues)h(to)g(coun)o(t)g(to)o(w)o(ard)f(127)f(again.)28 -b(Setting)18 b(In)o(terv)n(al)f(Done)0 2333 y(requests)e(an)e(in)o(terrupt)h -(on)f(the)h(priorit)o(y)e(lev)o(el)h(assigned)g(to)g(the)h(timer;)e(the)i -(pro)q(cessor)h(accepts)f(the)g(in)o(terrupt)0 2382 y(from)g(the)i(in)o(terv) -n(al)e(timer)g(b)o(y)i(p)q(erforming)d(the)j(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(of)g -Fv(XPCW)f FC(with)h(lo)q(cation)g(100)f(\(through)i(103\))f(of)0 -2432 y(the)f(Executiv)o(e)h(Pro)q(cess)h(T)m(able)d(as)h(the)h(e\013ectiv)o -(e{address.)0 2518 y(On)f(p)q(o)o(w)o(er{on)g(reset,)h(the)f(in)o(terv)n(al)f -(p)q(erio)q(d)i(is)e(set)i(to)f(zero,)g(disabling)f(the)h(in)o(terv)n(al)f -(timer.)p eop -%%Page: 279 83 -279 82 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.8.)31 b(TIMING)1479 b FC(279)p 150 -355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 75 v 1643 353 V 688 353 V -729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 384 -y Fl(8)p 522 353 V 24 w(9)586 329 y FC(14)150 246 y Fi(WRITM)482 -249 y(W)n(rite)19 b(Interval)h(Timer)e(\(APR2)g(14,\))306 329 -y FC(702)150 480 y(This)h(instruction)g(deco)q(des)h Fx(E)k -FC(and)19 b(p)q(erforms)f(selected)j(functions,)f(suc)o(h)f(as)g(setting)h -(the)f(in)o(terv)n(al)f(p)q(erio)q(d,)150 530 y(setting)c(the)h(priorit)o(y)e -(lev)o(el,)g(and)h(otherwise)h(con)o(trolling)d(the)j(in)o(terv)n(al)e -(timer,)f(as)i(describ)q(ed)i(b)q(elo)o(w.)150 615 y(Deco)q(de)f -Fx(E)k FC(and)14 b(p)q(erform)f(the)h(functions)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f -(bits)g(18{21,)e(as)i(sho)o(wn:)p 897 855 748 2 v 897 706 V -901 884 a Fn(18)p 938 854 2 150 v -34 w(18)p 896 854 V 899 -753 a Fx(C)906 794 y(I)899 834 y(C)943 884 y Fn(19)p 979 854 -V -34 w(19)p 938 854 V 940 753 a Fx(C)947 794 y(I)942 834 y(F)984 -884 y Fn(20)p 1021 854 V -34 w(20)p 979 854 V 985 753 a Fx(S)989 -794 y(I)983 834 y(P)1026 884 y Fn(21)p 1062 854 V -34 w(21)p -1021 854 V 1027 753 a Fx(S)1024 794 y(P)1030 834 y(I)1358 884 -y Fn(29)p 1394 854 V -325 w(22)p 1062 854 V 1093 794 a Fx(Interval)g(Perio)n -(d)1607 884 y Fn(35)p 1644 854 V -117 w(33)p 1519 854 V 1542 -749 a Fx(Pri{)1539 789 y(ority)1536 838 y(L)n(evel)150 1005 -y(CIC)121 b FC(Clear)15 b(In)o(terv)n(al)g(Coun)o(ter)h(\()p -Fu(TIMCIC==:1B18)p FC(\).)k(Initialize)14 b(the)i(in)o(terv)n(al)e(coun)o -(ter)j(to)e(the)g(1's)g(com-)347 1055 y(plemen)o(t)c(of)h(the)h(in)o(terv)n -(al)e(p)q(erio)q(d)h(\(use)i(either)f(the)f(previously)g(set)h(in)o(terv)n -(al)f(p)q(erio)q(d)g(or,)g(if)f Fx(SIP)17 b FC(\(bit)347 1105 -y(20\))d(is)g(1,)f(use)h(the)h(v)n(alue)e(in)h(the)g(In)o(terv)n(al)f(P)o -(erio)q(d)i(\014eld\).)150 1190 y Fx(CIF)124 b FC(Clear)17 -b(In)o(terv)n(al)f(Done)h(\()p Fu(TIMCIF==:1B19)p FC(\).)23 -b(After)18 b(receipt)g(of)e(an)g(in)o(terv)n(al{done)g(in)o(terrupt,)h(the) -347 1240 y(program)11 b(m)o(ust)h(clear)g(the)i(in)o(terv)n(al{done)d(\015ag) -h(in)g(order)h(to)g(receiv)o(e)h(an)e(in)o(terrupt)h(on)f(the)h(comple-)347 -1290 y(tion)h(of)f(the)h(next)h(in)o(terv)n(al)e(p)q(erio)q(d.)150 -1375 y Fx(SIP)130 b FC(Set)13 b(In)o(terv)n(al)e(P)o(erio)q(d)h(\()p -Fu(TIMSIP==:1B20)p FC(\).)i(If)e(this)f(bit)h(is)f(1,)h(set)g(the)g(in)o -(terv)n(al)f(p)q(erio)q(d)h(from)e(bits)i(22{)347 1425 y(29.)19 -b(The)14 b(in)o(terv)n(al)g(coun)o(ter)h(should)f(b)q(e)h(cleared)g(in)f(the) -g(same)g(instruction)g(that)h(sets)g(the)g(in)o(terv)n(al)347 -1475 y(p)q(erio)q(d.)150 1560 y Fx(SPI)130 b FC(Set)18 b(in)o(terv)n(al)f -(timer)g(Priorit)o(y)g(In)o(terrupt)h(lev)o(el)g(\()p Fu(TIMSPI==:1B21)p -FC(\).)26 b(If)17 b(this)h(bit)f(is)h(one,)g(set)g(the)347 -1610 y(priorit)o(y)13 b(in)o(terrupt)i(lev)o(el)f(from)e(bits)i(33-35.)150 -1696 y Fx(Interval)150 1746 y(Perio)n(d)347 1696 y FC(If)f -Fx(SIP)19 b FC(\(bit)13 b(20\))g(is)h(one,)f(set)i(the)f(p)q(erio)q(d)g(b)q -(et)o(w)o(een)h(in)o(terrupts)f(from)e(the)i(v)n(alue)f(con)o(tained)h(in)f -(this)347 1746 y(\014eld)h(\()p Fu(TIMPER==:377B29)p FC(\).)347 -1823 y(When)19 b(the)f(coun)o(ter)h(has)g(incremen)o(ted)f(the)h(indicated)f -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(times,)h(it)g(will)e(set)j(In)o(terv)n(al)347 -1873 y(Done)d(and)f(request)i(an)f(in)o(terrupt;)g(the)h(coun)o(ter)f(will)e -(reset)j(itself)f(to)f(coun)o(t)h(another)g(in)o(terv)n(al)f(of)347 -1923 y(the)g(same)e(length.)347 1991 y(The)f(p)q(erio)q(d)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een) -g(in)o(terrupts)g(is)e(128)5 b FA(\002)g FC(\()p Fs(inter)q(v)q(al)p -1218 1991 13 2 v 17 w(per)q(iod)g FC(+)g(1\))12 b(microseconds.)17 -b(Note)c(that)e(the)347 2040 y(\014rst)18 b(in)o(terrupt)f(ma)o(y)d(o)q(ccur) -k(as)e(m)o(uc)o(h)g(as)g(128)g(microseconds)g(earlier)h(than)f(this)h(form)o -(ula)d(w)o(ould)347 2090 y(indicate.)347 2158 y(An)h(in)o(terv)n(al)f(p)q -(erio)q(d)h(of)f(zero)h(disables)g(the)g(in)o(terv)n(al)e(coun)o(ter;)j(the)f -(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el)g(should)g(also)g(b)q(e)347 2208 y(set)h(to)f(zero)h -(in)e(this)h(case.)150 2293 y Fx(Priority)150 2343 y(L)n(evel)347 -2293 y FC(If)25 b Fx(SPI)33 b FC(\(bit)25 b(21\))g(is)h(1,)i(set)e(the)g -(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el)g(assignmen)o(t)g(as)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f(bits) -f(33{35)347 2343 y(\()p Fu(TIMPIA==:7)p FC(\).)150 2457 y(Some)11 -b(clev)o(erness)k(is)e(needed)h(when)f(programmi)o(ng)d(the)j(in)o(terv)n(al) -f(timer,)f(as)h(the)i(in)o(terv)n(al)d(p)q(erio)q(ds)j(do)e(not)h(map)150 -2506 y(readily)f(to)g(more)g(traditional)f(units.)17 b(F)m(or)c(example,)e -(to)h(in)o(terrupt)h(\(on)g(the)g(a)o(v)o(erage\))f(sixt)o(y)g(times)g(p)q -(er)h(second,)150 2556 y(the)h(calculation)e(1000000)p Fs(=)p -FC(\(60)5 b FA(\002)j FC(128\))j(=)h(130)p Fs(:)p FC(208333)e(suggests)k -(that)g(a)e(p)q(erio)q(d)i(of)e(130)7 b FA(\002)h FC(128)j -Fs(\026)p FC(s)i(is)g(just)g(a)g(bit)150 2606 y(to)q(o)h(short)g(for)f -(long{term)f(accuracy)m(.)19 b(Use)c(a)e(p)q(erio)q(d)h(of)f(130)g -(\(decimal\))g(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y{three)i(times)e(and)g(then)i(use)f(a)p -eop -%%Page: 280 84 -280 83 bop 0 50 a FC(280)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FC(single)g(p)q(erio)q(d)g(of)f -(135:)395 330 y(24)p Fs(=)p FC(60)d(=)i Fs(:)p FC(4)f(sec)i(=)f(400000)e -Fs(\026)p FC(s)i(=)f(128)g Fs(\026)p FC(s)f FA(\002)f FC(\(23)g -FA(\002)h FC(130)e(+)i(135\))0 441 y(Th)o(us,)g(the)h(long{term)c(a)o(v)o -(erage)j(is)g(60)f(in)o(terrupts)i(p)q(er)f(second.)18 b(If)9 -b(the)h(long)f(in)o(terv)n(al)g(is)g(esp)q(ecially)h(unapp)q(ealing,)0 -491 y(a)i(sequence)j(of)d(v)n(alues)g(130)g(or)h(131)f(can)h(b)q(e)g -(fashioned)f(where)i(in)e(24)g(consecutiv)o(e)i(v)n(alues)f(some)e -(particular)i(\014v)o(e)0 541 y(are)h(131)f(and)h(the)h(others)f(are)h(130.)p -0 781 1495 4 v 0 707 V -2 780 4 75 v 1493 780 V 538 780 V 579 -780 V 746 780 V 12 811 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 757 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 811 y Fl(8)p -372 780 V 24 w(9)446 756 y FC(4)0 673 y Fi(RDITM)332 676 y(Read)19 -b(Interval)h(Timer)d(\(APR2)i(4,\))156 756 y FC(702)0 907 y(Read)13 -b(the)g(condition)g(of)f(the)i(in)o(terv)n(al)e(timer)g(in)o(to)g(the)i(w)o -(ord)f(addressed)i(b)o(y)e Fx(E)5 b FC(.)17 b(The)d(data)f(is)g(returned)h -(in)f(this)0 957 y(format:)p 0 1188 1495 2 v -1 1187 2 150 -v 0 1039 1495 2 v 1494 1187 2 150 v 124 1200 2 13 v 248 1200 -V 373 1200 V 497 1200 V 622 1200 V 746 1208 2 21 v 871 1200 -2 13 v 995 1200 V 1120 1200 V 1244 1200 V 1369 1200 V 1457 -1218 a Fn(35)p 1494 1187 2 150 v -1479 w(0)p -1 1187 V 1304 -w(32)p 1369 1187 V -34 w(32)p 1328 1187 V 1334 1082 a Fx(d)1334 -1112 y(o)1333 1142 y(n)1335 1173 y(e)1457 1218 y Fn(35)p 1494 -1187 V -117 w(33)p 1369 1187 V 1392 1082 a Fx(Pri{)1389 1122 -y(ority)1386 1171 y(L)n(evel)0 1356 y FC(Bit)i(32)f(b)q(eing)h(set)g -(indicates)g(\\In)o(terv)n(al)f(Done")h(\()p Fu(TIMDON==:1B32)p -FC(\).)j(This)c(can)h(b)q(e)g(cleared)h(b)o(y)f Fv(WRITM)f -FC(with)0 1406 y Fx(CIF)19 b FC(\(bit)14 b(19,)f Fu(TIMCIF)p -FC(\))f(set.)0 1558 y Fy(3.8.2)55 b(Time{Base)0 1670 y FC(The)16 -b(time{base)g(k)o(eeps)h(a)e(60{bit)g(coun)o(t,)i(in)e(whic)o(h)h(only)f(the) -i(lo)o(w{order)e(sixteen)i(bits)f(are)h(implem)o(en)o(ted)d(in)0 -1720 y(hardw)o(are.)32 b(The)18 b(actual)g(coun)o(ting)g(is)g(done)h(in)f(a)g -(16{bit)f(hardw)o(are)i(coun)o(ter,)h(while)d(the)i(o)o(v)o(erall)f(coun)o(t) -g(is)0 1770 y(k)o(ept)13 b(in)f(a)g(double)g(w)o(ord)g(in)g(MemA.)f(Micro)q -(co)q(de)j(incremen)o(ts)e(the)h(double)g(w)o(ord)f(time{base)f(coun)o(t)i -(\(at)f(bit)g(43\))0 1820 y(when)j(the)g(hardw)o(are)f(coun)o(ter)i(o)o(v)o -(er\015o)o(ws.)j(When)14 b(the)h(soft)o(w)o(are)f(requests)j(that)d(the)h -(time{base)e(b)q(e)i(read,)f(the)0 1869 y(pro)q(cessor)i(com)o(bines)d(the)h -(double)g(w)o(ord)g(in)f(MemA)g(with)h(the)g(v)n(alue)f(of)h(the)g(hardw)o -(are)g(coun)o(ter.)0 1955 y(A)g(double)g(w)o(ord)g(coun)o(t)h(is)e(a)h -(60{bit)f(unsigned)i(quan)o(tit)o(y)m(.)i(The)e(en)o(tire)g(\014rst)f(w)o -(ord)g(comprises)g(the)h(high{order)0 2005 y(thirt)o(y{six)h(bits;)h(the)g -(lo)o(w{order)f(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y{four)g(bits)h(are)f(in)g(bits)h(1{24)e(of) -h(the)h(second)g(w)o(ord.)1535 1990 y Fn(29)1596 2005 y FC(Elev)o(en)g(bits)0 -2055 y(are)c(reserv)o(ed)h(for)d(expansion)h(at)g(the)h(lo)o(w{order)f(end)h -(so)f(that)g(future)h(systems)f(with)g(higher{resolution)g(clo)q(c)o(ks)0 -2104 y(ma)o(y)g(use)k(the)f(same)e(format.)18 b(The)d(format)e(of)g(the)i -(time{base)f(coun)o(t)h(and)f(its)g(relationship)g(to)h(the)g(hardw)o(are)0 -2154 y(coun)o(ter)g(is)f(as)g(sho)o(wn)f(here:)p 0 2181 720 -2 v 31 2208 a Fm(29)64 2219 y Fl(Remem)o(b)q(er,)8 b(it)j(is)g(a)g(prop)q -(ert)o(y)d(of)j(t)o(w)o(os)g(complemen)o(t)d(arithmetic)g(that)i(the)g(sign)h -(can)f(b)q(e)h(used)f(as)h(an)f(additional)e(magnitude)0 2259 -y(bit)13 b(in)g(an)g(unsigned)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)19 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)13 -b(as)g(the)g(hardw)o(are)f(is)h(set)g(up)g(for)g(signed)f(arithmetic,)f(bit)i -(0)g(of)g(an)o(y)g(lo)o(w{order)f(w)o(ord)0 2298 y(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)h(skipp)q -(ed.)p eop -%%Page: 281 85 -281 84 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.8.)31 b(TIMING)1479 b FC(281)p 150 -296 1495 2 v 150 196 V 149 295 2 100 v 1644 295 V 284 255 a -Fx(High{Or)n(der)14 b(Part)g(of)h(Count)p 896 295 V 162 326 -a Fl(0)670 b(35)908 258 y FC(0)909 326 y Fl(0)p 938 295 V 954 -255 a Fx(L)n(ow{Or)n(der)13 b(Part)i(of)g(Count)950 326 y Fl(1)107 -b(8)24 b(9)255 b(24)p 1436 295 V 1462 259 a Fx(R)n(eserve)n(d)1449 -326 y Fl(25)112 b(35)950 368 y(36)72 b(43)23 b(44)237 b(59)p -1105 495 333 2 v 1105 395 V 1104 494 2 100 v 1436 494 V 1197 -458 a Fx(Counter)p 1104 386 2 84 v 1436 386 V 150 629 a FC(The)13 -b(time{base)f(is)h(a)f(double)h(w)o(ord)f(coun)o(t,)h(k)o(ept)g(in)g(lo)q -(cations)f(310{311)f(\()p Fu(AM\045TIM)p FC(\))h(of)g(MemA.)f(The)j(hardw)o -(are)150 679 y(coun)o(ter)e(coun)o(ts)h(elapsed)f(time)e(in)h(in)o(terv)n -(als)g(of)g(500ns)g(\(a)g(rate)h(of)f(2)g(MHz\).)1351 664 y -Fn(30)1404 679 y FC(The)h(time{base)f(is)g(implemen)o(ted)150 -729 y(as)f(a)f(16{bit)f(coun)o(ter;)k(when)e(that)f(coun)o(t)h(o)o(v)o -(er\015o)o(ws)f(\(ab)q(out)h(31)f(times)f(p)q(er)j(second\),)g(the)f(micro)q -(co)q(de)f(incremen)o(ts)150 779 y(the)14 b(time{base)f(in)h(MemA)f(b)o(y)h -(adding)f(1)g(at)h(bit)g(8)f(of)g(the)i(lo)o(w{order)e(part)h(of)g(the)g -(coun)o(t.)150 864 y(The)g(XKL)326 860 y(-)339 864 y(1)f(pro)o(vides)h(the)h -(follo)o(wing)c(instruction)j(to)g(read)g(the)h(hardw)o(are)f(time{base:)p -150 1113 1495 4 v 150 1039 V 148 1112 4 75 v 1643 1112 V 688 -1112 V 729 1112 V 896 1112 V 162 1143 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1088 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1143 -y Fl(8)p 522 1112 V 24 w(9)596 1088 y FC(5)150 1005 y Fi(RDTIME)482 -1008 y(Read)19 b(Ha)n(rdw)n(a)n(re)g(Time{Base)g(\(APR2)f(5,\))306 -1088 y FC(702)150 1239 y(Read)f(the)h(hardw)o(are)g(time{base)f(coun)o(t)h -(and)f(the)h(double)f(w)o(ord)h(time{base)e(coun)o(t)i(\(in)f(MemA\).)g(Com)o -(bine)150 1288 y(these)g(b)o(y)f(placing)f(the)i(v)n(alue)e(of)g(the)i(hardw) -o(are)f(time{base)f(coun)o(t)h(in)g(bits)g(9{24)e(of)i(the)g(lo)o(w{order)g -(w)o(ord)g(of)150 1338 y(the)e(double)g(w)o(ord)g(result)h(whic)o(h)e(is)h -(stored)h(in)e Fx(E)5 b FC(,)p Fx(E)g FC(+1.)1050 1323 y Fn(31)150 -1424 y FC(The)13 b(time{base)f(guaran)o(tees)i(a)e(monotonic)f(increasing)i -(function)g(during)f(the)i(op)q(eration)e(of)h(the)g(system.)18 -b(The)150 1474 y(time{base)13 b(is)h(not)f(necessarily)i(related)g(to)f(the)g -(time)f(of)g(da)o(y)g(or)h(the)h(calendar.)150 1559 y(The)f(time{base)f(\(as) -h(an)g(unsigned)g(in)o(teger\))h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(ws)f(after)g(ab)q(out)g -(18)f(thousand)h(y)o(ears.)p 150 1810 1495 4 v 150 1736 V 148 -1809 4 75 v 1643 1809 V 688 1809 V 729 1809 V 896 1809 V 162 -1840 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -1786 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1840 y Fl(8)p 522 1809 V 24 -w(9)596 1785 y FC(7)150 1702 y Fi(WRTIME)482 1705 y(W)n(rite)19 -b(Ha)n(rdw)n(a)n(re)h(Time{Base)e(\(APR2)h(7,\))306 1785 y -FC(702)150 1936 y(The)d(Monitor)g(ma)o(y)e(initialize)g(the)j(double)f(w)o -(ord)f(time{base)g(coun)o(t)i(to)e(a)h(v)n(alue)f(of)h(its)g(c)o(hoice)g(to)g -(relate)g(the)150 1986 y(time{base)10 b(to)i(to)f(the)h(calendar.)17 -b(The)12 b(double)f(w)o(ord)g(con)o(tained)h(in)e Fx(E)5 b -FC(,)p Fx(E)g FC(+1)12 b(is)f(copied)g(to)g(the)h(time{base)f(coun)o(t)150 -2035 y(\(in)h(MemA\).)g(Bits)h(9{35)e(of)h(the)h(data)f(supplied)h(in)f -Fx(E)5 b FC(+1)13 b(are)g(not)f(signi\014can)o(t)g(and)g(their)h(e\013ect)i -(is)d(not)g(de\014ned.)150 2187 y Fy(3.8.3)55 b(Keep{Aliv)n(e)17 -b(Timer)150 2300 y FC(The)h(pro)q(cessor)h(and)e(micro)q(co)q(de)g(pro)o -(vide)g(a)g(\\w)o(atc)o(hdog)g(timer")f(kno)o(wn)h(to)g(the)h(op)q(erating)g -(system)f(as)g(the)150 2350 y(\\Keep{Aliv)o(e")11 b(timer.)16 -b(The)c(purp)q(ose)h(of)e(this)g(timer)f(is)i(to)f(detect)i(the)f -(circumstance)g(of)f(soft)o(w)o(are)g(or)h(hardw)o(are)150 -2399 y(malfunction)e(that)i(prev)o(en)o(ts)h(the)g(normal)d(op)q(eration)i -(of)f(the)i(system.)k(This)12 b(is)g(accomplished)f(b)o(y)h(the)h(soft)o(w)o -(are)p 150 2434 720 2 v 181 2461 a Fm(30)214 2473 y Fl(The)e(clo)q(c)o(k)e -(actually)g(coun)o(ts)h(one)g(in)o(terv)n(al)f(of)i(480ns)f(follo)o(w)o(ed)g -(b)o(y)g(t)o(w)o(o)h(in)o(terv)n(als)e(of)i(510ns)f(eac)o(h,)g(th)o(us)g(a)o -(v)o(eraging)e(one)j(coun)o(t)150 2512 y(eac)o(h)f(500ns.)181 -2540 y Fm(31)214 2552 y Fl(The)h(pro)q(cessor)e(micro)q(co)q(de)g(that)i -(implemen)o(t)o(s)e(this)i(instruction)e(is)i(careful)f(to)h(b)q(e)g(sure)g -(that)f(the)h(hardw)o(are)f(v)n(alue)g(do)q(es)h(not)150 2591 -y(include)f(an)h(unpro)q(cessed)d(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w.)p eop -%%Page: 282 86 -282 85 bop 0 50 a FC(282)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FC(setting)k(the)h(timer)e(and) -h(then)h(p)q(erio)q(dically)e(resetting)i(the)g(timer)e(b)q(efore)i(it)e -(expires;)k(if)c(the)i(soft)o(w)o(are)f(fails)0 245 y(to)f(reset)h(the)g -(timer)e(within)g(the)h(allotted)f(p)q(erio)q(d,)i(a)f(Keep{Aliv)o(e)g(in)o -(terrupt)g(\(see)i(T)m(able)d(3.1,)g(page)h(220\))f(is)0 295 -y(p)q(erformed)e(to)f(jolt)g(the)i(soft)o(w)o(are)f(from)e(a)h(presumably)g -(malfunctioning)e(state.)0 380 y(The)k(Keep{Aliv)o(e)h(timer)e(is)h(not)g -(coun)o(ted)g(while)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(is)d(halted,)h(nor)g(is)g(it)g -(coun)o(ted)h(while)e Fu(CF\045KPA)0 430 y FC(\(accessed)i(via)d -Fv(W)o(CTRLF)p FC(\))h(is)g(disabled.)0 516 y(The)g(action)f(of)g(the)h(pro)q -(cessor)i(when)e(the)g(Keep{Aliv)o(e)g(in)o(terv)n(al)f(expires)h(is)g -(called)f(an)h(\\in)o(terrupt";)f(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)0 565 y(this)i(action)g -(is)h(unlik)o(e)e(other)i(in)o(terrupts:)22 b(it)15 b(has)h(no)f(priorit)o(y) -g(lev)o(el;)g(it)g(tak)o(es)h(e\013ect)h(regardless)f(of)f(the)h(state)0 -615 y(of)d(the)h(PI)g(system;)f(and)g(it)g(do)q(es)i(not)e(c)o(hange)h(the)g -(state)g(of)f(the)h(PI)g(system.)k(This)13 b(action)h(is)f(also)g(similar)e -(to)i(a)0 665 y(trap;)g(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)h(unlik)o(e)f(other)h(traps,)g(it)f -(is)h(not)g(sync)o(hronous)g(with)g(the)g(execution)g(of)f(the)i(running)e -(program.)p 0 914 1495 4 v 0 839 V -2 912 4 75 v 1493 912 V -538 912 V 579 912 V 746 912 V 12 944 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 889 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 944 -y Fl(8)p 372 912 V 24 w(9)436 888 y FC(13)0 806 y Fi(WRKP)-5 -b(A)332 809 y(W)n(rite)19 b(Keep{Alive)i(Timer)d(\(APR0)h(13,\))156 -888 y FC(700)0 1039 y(This)10 b(instruction)h(stores)h(the)e(immediate)e(v)n -(alue)i Fx(E)15 b FC(as)10 b(the)h(initial)e(v)n(alue)g(of)h(the)h(micro)q -(co)q(de)f(\\w)o(atc)o(hdog)g(timer";)0 1089 y(this)k(v)n(alue)f(is)h(stored) -h(in)e(the)i(MemA)e(lo)q(cation)g Fu(AM\045KPA)p FC(.)0 1175 -y(While)c(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(is)e(running)g(a)g(program)f(\()p -Fu(MS\045RUN)g FC(set,)j(Section)f(3.2\),)f(at)g(appro)o(ximately)e(32.8)h -(millisecond)0 1225 y(in)o(terv)n(als,)16 b(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(micro)q(co)q -(de)e(examines)g(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f Fu(AM\045KPA)p -FC(.)f(If)h(the)h(lo)q(cation)e(con)o(tains)i(zero,)0 1274 -y(no)i(other)g(action)g(is)g(tak)o(en.)33 b(Otherwise,)21 b(the)f(con)o(ten)o -(ts)g(are)f(decremen)o(ted)h(and)f(the)h(new)f(v)n(alue)f(is)h(stored)0 -1324 y(in)e Fu(AM\045KPA)p FC(.)g(If)g(the)i(v)n(alue)e(b)q(ecomes)h(zero)h -(after)f(decremen)o(ting,)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(p)q(erforms)d(the)i -(Keep{Aliv)o(e)0 1374 y(in)o(terrupt.)0 1460 y(This)13 b(facilit)o(y)d(is)j -(not)g(suitable)f(for)g(\014ne)h(timing:)i(since)f(setting)f(a)f(new)h(v)n -(alue)f(in)o(to)g Fu(AM\045KPA)g FC(b)o(y)g(this)h(instruction)0 -1509 y(ma)o(y)e(o)q(ccur)k(at)e(an)o(y)g(p)q(oin)o(t)g(within)f(the)i(in)o -(terv)n(al)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(decremen)o(ts,)f(the)g(initial)d(decremen)o -(t)j(ma)o(y)e(o)q(ccur)i(at)0 1559 y(an)o(y)f(time)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(0)f -(and)g(32.8)e(milliseconds.)0 1645 y(The)i(maxim)o(um)9 b(coun)o(t,)14 -b(777777,)e(pro)o(vides)i(an)f(in)o(terv)n(al)g(of)h(appro)o(ximately)d(140)i -(min)o(utes.)0 1818 y Ft(3.9)70 b(Other)22 b(CPU)g(Con)n(trols)h(and)h -(Status)0 1953 y Fy(3.9.1)55 b(Error)18 b(Monitoring)p 0 2230 -1495 4 v 0 2155 V -2 2228 4 75 v 1493 2228 V 538 2228 V 579 -2228 V 746 2228 V 12 2260 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 2205 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2260 y Fl(8)p -372 2228 V 24 w(9)446 2204 y FC(4)0 2122 y Fi(WRAPR)332 2125 -y(W)n(rite)19 b(Pro)r(cesso)n(r)g(Conditions)i(\(APR0)d(4,\))156 -2204 y FC(700)0 2355 y(This)12 b(instruction)h(deco)q(des)h -Fx(E)k FC(to)12 b(con)o(trol)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor.)19 b(\\APR")12 -b(in)g(the)h(instruction)g(mnemonic)d(stands)j(for)0 2405 y(\\Arithmetic)i -(Pro)q(cessor,")j(the)f(traditional)d(name)h(for)h(the)g(CPU.)g(The)h -(e\013ectiv)o(e{address)h(bits)e(are)h(used)g(as)0 2455 y(follo)o(ws:)p -eop -%%Page: 283 87 -283 86 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.9.)31 b(OTHER)14 b(CPU)g(CONTR)o(OLS)g(AND)g(ST)m(A) -m(TUS)854 b FC(283)p 897 345 748 2 v 897 196 V 901 375 a Fn(18)p -938 345 2 150 v -34 w(18)p 896 345 V 902 243 a Fx(S)900 284 -y(P)906 325 y(I)943 375 y Fn(19)p 979 345 V -34 w(19)p 938 -345 V 947 243 a Fx(I)939 284 y(O)940 325 y(R)984 375 y Fn(20)p -1021 345 V -34 w(20)p 979 345 V 983 243 a Fx(E)983 284 y(P)982 -325 y(C)1026 375 y Fn(21)p 1062 345 V -34 w(21)p 1021 345 V -1023 243 a Fx(D)1024 284 y(P)1023 325 y(C)1067 375 y Fn(22)p -1104 345 V -34 w(22)p 1062 345 V 1065 243 a Fx(C)1066 284 y(P)1065 -325 y(C)1109 375 y Fn(23)p 1145 345 V -34 w(23)p 1104 345 V -1110 243 a Fx(S)1107 284 y(P)1107 325 y(C)1317 375 y Fn(28)p -1353 345 V -201 w(24)p 1145 345 V 1171 284 a Fx(R)n(eserve)n(d)1358 -375 y Fn(29)p 1394 345 V -34 w(29)p 1353 345 V 1362 250 a Fx(I)1359 -280 y(n)1364 318 y(t)1400 375 y Fn(30)p 1436 345 V -34 w(30)p -1394 345 V 1400 244 a Fx(S)1401 286 y(h)1405 324 y(t)1441 375 -y Fn(31)p 1478 345 V -34 w(31)p 1436 345 V 1439 248 a Fx(P)1440 -279 y(w)1440 320 y(F)1607 375 y Fn(35)p 1644 345 V -117 w(33)p -1519 345 V 1542 239 a Fx(Pri{)1539 279 y(ority)1536 329 y(L)n(evel)150 -495 y(SPI)130 b Fu(AP\045SPI==:1B18)39 b FC(If)14 b(1,)f(set)i(the)f(PI)g -(lev)o(el)g(assignmen)o(t)e(for)i(the)g(CPU)h(from)d(bits)i(33{35.)150 -581 y Fx(IOR)119 b Fu(AP\045IOR==:1B19)39 b FC(Reset)15 b(CPU)g(in)o(ternal)f -(devices:)20 b(clear)14 b(pro)q(cessor)j(\015ags;)c(clear)i(in)o(terv)n(al)e -(timer;)347 631 y(clear)i(PI)f(lev)o(el)f(assignmen)o(t)g(in)g(the)i(console) -f(terminal)e(status.)150 716 y Fx(EPC)111 b Fu(AP\045EPC==:1B20)39 -b FC(Enable)14 b(the)g(Pro)q(cessor)i(Conditions)d(selected)j(b)o(y)e(bits)g -(24{31)e(to)i(cause)h(in)o(ter-)347 766 y(rupts.)k(\(The)c(result)f(of)g -(this)g(instruction)g(is)f(unde\014ned)j(if)d(b)q(oth)h(bits)g(20)f(and)h(21) -f(are)h(on.\))150 852 y Fx(DPC)108 b Fu(AP\045DPC==:1B21)39 -b FC(Disable)14 b(the)h(Pro)q(cessor)i(Conditions)d(selected)j(b)o(y)d(bits)h -(24{31.)k(The)c(selected)347 901 y(conditions)g(will)f(not)i(cause)g(in)o -(terrupts.)24 b(\(The)16 b(result)g(of)f(this)h(instruction)f(is)h -(unde\014ned)g(if)f(b)q(oth)347 951 y(bits)f(20)g(and)f(21)h(are)g(on.\))150 -1037 y Fx(CPC)109 b Fu(AP\045CPC==:1B22)39 b FC(Clear)13 b(the)g(Pro)q -(cessor)i(Condition)d(\015ags)g(selected)j(b)o(y)e(bits)f(24{31.)17 -b(\(The)c(result)347 1087 y(of)h(this)f(instruction)i(is)e(unde\014ned)j(if)d -(b)q(oth)h(bits)g(22)f(and)h(23)f(are)h(on.\))150 1172 y Fx(SPC)116 -b Fu(AP\045SPC==:1B23)39 b FC(Set)17 b(the)g(Pro)q(cessor)h(Condition)d -(\015ags)i(selected)h(b)o(y)e(bits)g(24{31.)24 b(\(The)17 b(result)347 -1222 y(of)d(this)f(instruction)i(is)e(unde\014ned)j(if)d(b)q(oth)h(bits)g(22) -f(and)h(23)f(are)h(on.\))150 1307 y Fx(\015ags)116 b Fu(AP\045FLG==:377B31)39 -b FC(Flags)11 b(that)h(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)k(selected)g(b)o(y)f(the)g -Fx(EPC)6 b FC(,)11 b Fx(DPC)6 b FC(,)12 b Fx(CPC)6 b FC(,)k(and)i -Fx(SPC)18 b FC(func-)347 1357 y(tions,)f(describ)q(ed)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)25 -b(These)18 b(bits)e(represen)o(t)j(individual)14 b(pro)q(cessor)k(\015ags)f -(that)f(can)h(b)q(e)g(set,)347 1407 y(cleared,)e(enabled,)e(or)h(disabled)g -(with)f(the)i(appropriate)f(com)o(bination)d(of)i(bits)h(20{23.)150 -1493 y Fx(R)n(eserve)n(d)54 b FC(Bits)15 b(24{28)d(are)i(reserv)o(ed)i(for)e -(use)h(as)f(future)g(pro)q(cessor)i(\015ags.)i(Bit)c(32)f(is)h(also)f(reserv) -o(ed.)150 1578 y Fx(Int)144 b Fu(AP\045INT==:1B29)39 b FC(Console)14 -b(In)o(terrupt)h(\(Flag)e(or)h(Enable\).)150 1664 y Fx(Sht)139 -b Fu(AP\045SHT==:1B30)39 b FC(System)13 b(Sh)o(utdo)o(wn)h(\(Flag)f(or)h -(Enable\).)150 1749 y Fx(PwF)114 b Fu(AP\045PWF==:1B31)39 b -FC(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)14 b(F)m(ailure)f(or)h(Thermal)f(W)m(arning)f(\(Flag)h(or)h -(Enable\).)150 1835 y Fx(Priority)150 1885 y(L)n(evel)347 1835 -y Fu(AP\045PIA==:7)40 b FC(If)13 b(bit)h(18)f(is)h(set,)g(set)h(the)g(PI)f -(lev)o(el)f(assignmen)o(t)g(for)g(the)i(CPU.)150 1998 y Fx(Note)s -FC(:)20 b Fv(WRAPR)13 b FC(do)q(es)j(not)f(apply)f(the)h(selected)i(op)q -(erations)d(in)h(an)o(y)f(particular)h(sequence.)22 b(Only)15 -b(op)q(erations)150 2048 y(that)f(are)g(not)g(order{dep)q(enden)o(t)i(should) -e(b)q(e)g(p)q(erformed)g(in)f(one)h(instruction.)p 150 2297 -1495 4 v 150 2222 V 148 2295 4 75 v 1643 2295 V 688 2295 V -729 2295 V 896 2295 V 162 2327 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2272 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2327 -y Fl(8)p 522 2295 V 24 w(9)596 2271 y FC(5)150 2189 y Fi(RD)n(APR)482 -2191 y(Read)19 b(Pro)r(cesso)n(r)g(Conditions)h(\(APR0)f(5,\))306 -2271 y FC(700)150 2422 y(This)14 b(instruction)h(reads)h(the)f(pro)q(cessor)h -(\015ags)f(in)o(to)f(the)h(memory)d(lo)q(cation)i(addressed)i(b)o(y)f -Fx(E)5 b FC(.)20 b(The)15 b(resulting)150 2472 y(status)g(w)o(ord)e(is)h -(depicted)h(b)q(elo)o(w:)p eop -%%Page: 284 88 -284 87 bop 0 50 a FC(284)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)p 0 345 1495 2 v -1 345 -2 150 v 0 196 1495 2 v 1494 345 2 150 v 124 357 2 13 v 248 -357 V 373 357 V 497 357 V 622 357 V 746 365 2 21 v 871 357 -2 13 v 995 357 V 1120 357 V 1244 357 V 1369 357 V 419 375 a -Fn(10)p 456 345 2 150 v -191 w(6)p 248 345 V 272 284 a FC(Reserv)o(ed)461 -375 y Fn(11)p 497 345 V -34 w(11)p 456 345 V 465 245 a Fx(I)466 -283 y(t)459 323 y(E)502 375 y Fn(12)p 539 345 V -34 w(12)p -497 345 V 503 245 a Fx(S)508 283 y(t)501 323 y(E)544 375 y -Fn(13)p 580 345 V -34 w(13)p 539 345 V 542 248 a Fx(P)542 279 -y(w)542 320 y(E)1125 375 y Fn(27)p 1161 345 V -159 w(24)p 995 -345 V 1033 284 a FC(Rsvd)1167 375 y Fn(28)p 1203 345 V -34 -w(28)p 1161 345 V 1163 243 a Fx(N)1163 284 y(V)1164 325 y(B)1208 -375 y Fn(29)p 1244 345 V -34 w(29)p 1203 345 V 1212 250 a Fx(I)1209 -280 y(n)1214 318 y(t)1250 375 y Fn(30)p 1286 345 V -34 w(30)p -1244 345 V 1250 244 a Fx(S)1251 286 y(h)1255 324 y(t)1291 375 -y Fn(31)p 1328 345 V -34 w(31)p 1286 345 V 1289 248 a Fx(P)1290 -279 y(w)1290 320 y(F)1333 375 y Fn(32)p 1369 345 V -34 w(32)p -1328 345 V 1337 244 a Fx(I)1330 285 y(R)1335 316 y(q)1457 375 -y Fn(35)p 1494 345 V -117 w(33)p 1369 345 V 1392 239 a Fx(Pri{)1389 -279 y(ority)1386 329 y(L)n(evel)0 513 y FC(Bits)20 b(6{13)e(rep)q(ort)i(whic) -o(h)f(APR)g(conditions)g(are)g(enabled)h(to)f(cause)h(in)o(terrupts;)i(of)d -(these,)i(bits)e(6{10)g(are)0 563 y(reserv)o(ed)d(for)d(future)i(use.)0 -648 y(Bits)i(24{31)f(are)h(the)g(Condition)f(\015ags.)26 b(These)19 -b(\015ags)d(indicate)h(whic)o(h)g(APR)f(conditions)h(prev)n(ail)f(when)h -(this)0 698 y(instruction)11 b(is)f(executed;)k(of)c(these,)i(bits)f(24{27)e -(are)i(reserv)o(ed)i(for)d(future)h(use.)18 b(If)10 b(a)h(\015ag)f(and)g(its) -h(corresp)q(onding)0 748 y(enable)j(are)g(b)q(oth)g(set,)h(an)e(in)o(terrupt) -i(will)e(b)q(e)h(requested.)0 834 y(The)g(de\014ned)h(bits)f(in)g(the)g -(status)h(w)o(ord)f(are)g(deco)q(ded)h(as)f(follo)o(ws:)0 901 -y Fx(ItE)139 b FC(If)13 b(1,)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(is)e(enabled)g(to)g -(accept)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(command)c(from)h(the)j(console)f(terminal.)0 -987 y Fx(ShE)125 b FC(If)14 b(1,)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(is)e(enabled)g(to)g -(accept)h(a)f(sh)o(utdo)o(wn)g(command)d(from)h(the)i(console)h(terminal.)0 -1072 y Fx(PwE)113 b FC(If)15 b(1,)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(is)e(enabled)g(to)f -(accept)i(an)f(in)o(terrupt)g(to)g(signal)f(that)h(an)f(A)o(C)h(P)o(o)o(w)o -(er)g(F)m(ailure)197 1122 y(\(or)f(Thermal)f(W)m(arning\))f(has)i(o)q -(ccurred.)0 1208 y Fx(NVB)106 b Fu(AP\045NVB==:1B28)39 b FC(NVRAM)11 -b(Battery)g(is)g(lo)o(w)e(\015ag.)17 b(This)10 b(\015ag)g(is)h(set)g(b)o(y)g -(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(micro)q(co)q(de)197 1258 y(when)17 b(its)e -(initialization)f(sequence)k(detects)f(that)f(the)h(battery)f(supplying)f -(the)i(NVRAM)f(is)f(lo)o(w.)197 1307 y(The)g(data)e(in)h(the)g(NVRAM)g(is)g -(susp)q(ect.)0 1393 y Fx(Int)144 b FC(This)16 b(is)f(the)h(Console)f(In)o -(terrupt)i(Request)g(\015ag.)22 b(It)15 b(is)h(set)g(b)o(y)f(the)i(console)e -(command)e(pro)q(cessor)197 1443 y(when)g(it)f(w)o(an)o(ts)g(to)g(inform)e -(the)j(CPU)g(of)e(a)h(c)o(hange)h(in)f(the)g(status)h(of)f(the)h(console.)18 -b(Generally)m(,)11 b(this)197 1493 y(means)i(the)i(system)f(op)q(erator)g -(has)g(issued)h(a)e(command)e(to)j(en)o(ter)h(k)o(ernel)f(mo)q(de)f(DDT.)0 -1578 y Fx(Sht)139 b FC(This)20 b(is)h(the)g(Sh)o(utdo)o(wn)f(Request)h(Flag.) -36 b(It)21 b(is)f(set)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(console)g(command)c(pro)q(cessor)22 -b(in)197 1628 y(resp)q(onse)16 b(to)e(the)g(system)g(op)q(erator's)g(Sh)o -(utdo)o(wn)g(command.)0 1714 y Fx(PwF)114 b FC(This)18 b(is)g(the)h(P)o(o)o -(w)o(er)f(F)m(ailure)f(Flag.)30 b(It)18 b(is)g(set)h(from)d(the)j(assertion)f -(of)g(the)h(PF)-5 b(AIL{)18 b(bac)o(kplane)197 1763 y(signal.)h(This)c -(signal)e(signi\014es)i(that)g(either)g(the)g(A)o(C)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)g(is)f -(lo)o(w)g(or)g(that)h(a)f(Thermal)f(W)m(arning)197 1813 y(is)i(presen)o(t.)24 -b(When)16 b(this)f(\015ag)g(is)g(set,)i(the)e(CPU)h(has)g(a)f(short)g(p)q -(erio)q(d)h(of)f(time)1470 1798 y Fn(32)1519 1813 y FC(during)g(whic)o(h)g -(it)197 1863 y(can)f(bring)g(the)g(system)g(to)g(quiescence)i(b)q(efore)e(DC) -g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)g(is)g(sh)o(ut)g(do)o(wn.)k(See)d Fv(RCTRLF)p -FC(.)0 1949 y Fx(IR)n(q)134 b Fu(AP\045IRQ==:1B32)39 b FC(In)o(terrupt)20 -b(Request.)32 b(This)18 b(bit)g(is)g(the)h(inclusiv)o(e{OR)e(of)h(the)h(AND)f -(of)g(bits)197 1998 y(24{31)c(\(condition)h(\015ags\))g(with)g(bits)g(6{13)f -(\(in)o(terrupt)i(enables\).)22 b(That)15 b(is,)g(this)g(bit)g(is)g(set)h(if) -e(an)o(y)197 2048 y(condition)f(\015ag)h(and)g(its)f(corresp)q(onding)i(in)o -(terrupt)g(enable)f(are)g(b)q(oth)g(set.)0 2134 y Fx(Priority)0 -2184 y(L)n(evel)197 2134 y FC(Priorit)o(y)g(in)o(terrupt)g(assignmen)o(t)f -(\(lev)o(el\))h(for)f(CPU.)p 0 2469 1495 4 v 0 2394 V -2 2467 -4 75 v 1493 2467 V 538 2467 V 579 2467 V 746 2467 V 12 2499 -a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 2444 -y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2499 y Fl(8)p 372 2467 V 24 w(9)446 -2443 y FC(6)0 2361 y Fi(SZAPR)332 2364 y(Skip)20 b(if)f(Zero,)g(Pro)r(cesso)n -(r)g(Conditions)i(\(APR0)d(6,\))156 2443 y FC(700)p 0 2536 -720 2 v 31 2562 a Fm(32)64 2574 y Fl(The)11 b(time)f(a)o(v)n(ailable)f(v)n -(aries)i(with)g(the)g(state)f(of)h(the)g(battery)f(c)o(harge.)p -eop -%%Page: 285 89 -285 88 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.9.)31 b(OTHER)14 b(CPU)g(CONTR)o(OLS)g(AND)g(ST)m(A) -m(TUS)854 b FC(285)150 195 y(This)14 b(instruction)h(tests)h(bits)f(18{35)e -(of)h(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(conditions)f(\(as)f(w)o(ould)g(b)q(e)h(read)g(b)o -(y)f Fv(RD)o(APR)p FC(\))g(against)150 245 y(bits)g(18{35)f(of)h -Fx(E)5 b FC(.)19 b(If)14 b(all)f(the)i(status)g(bits)f(selected)i(b)o(y)e(1s) -g(in)g Fx(E)20 b FC(are)14 b(zero,)h(the)g(next)f(instruction)h(in)f -(sequence)150 295 y(is)g(skipp)q(ed.)p 150 544 1495 4 v 150 -469 V 148 542 4 75 v 1643 542 V 688 542 V 729 542 V 896 542 -V 162 573 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -519 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 573 y Fl(8)p 522 542 V 24 w(9)596 -518 y FC(7)150 435 y Fi(SNAPR)482 438 y(Skip)20 b(if)f(Non{zero,)g(Pro)r -(cesso)n(r)g(Conditions)h(\(APR0)f(7,\))306 518 y FC(700)150 -669 y(This)14 b(instruction)h(tests)h(bits)f(18{35)e(of)h(the)h(pro)q(cessor) -h(conditions)f(\(as)f(w)o(ould)g(b)q(e)h(read)g(b)o(y)f Fv(RD)o(APR)p -FC(\))g(against)150 719 y(bits)g(18{35)f(of)h Fx(E)5 b FC(.)20 -b(If)14 b(an)o(y)f(status)j(bit)e(selected)i(b)o(y)e(a)g(1)g(in)g -Fx(E)19 b FC(is)14 b(not)h(zero,)f(the)h(next)g(instruction)g(in)f(sequence) -150 769 y(is)g(skipp)q(ed.)150 921 y Fy(3.9.2)55 b(Con)n(trol)19 -b(Flags)150 1033 y FC(Additional)c(pro)q(cessor,)j(system,)e(and)g(console)h -(\015ags)f(and)g(functions)h(are)f(con)o(trolled)g(and/or)g(monitored)f(b)o -(y)150 1083 y(the)f(XKL)312 1079 y(-)325 1083 y(1)f(b)o(y)h(means)f(of)g(the) -i(follo)o(wing)c(t)o(w)o(o)i(instructions.)p 150 1332 1495 -4 v 150 1257 V 148 1330 4 75 v 1643 1330 V 688 1330 V 729 1330 -V 896 1330 V 162 1361 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)698 1307 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1361 y Fl(8)p -522 1330 V 24 w(9)586 1306 y FC(10)150 1223 y Fi(W)n(CTRLF)482 -1226 y(W)n(rite)19 b(Control)h(Flags)g(\(APR0)e(10,\))306 1306 -y FC(700)150 1457 y(The)12 b(w)o(ord)g(at)g(lo)q(cation)f Fs(E)i -FC(con)o(tains)f(a)g(pair)f(of)g(command)e(bits)j(and)g(sev)o(eral)g(\015ag)g -(or)f(function)h(bits)g(as)g(depicted)150 1507 y(b)q(elo)o(w.)24 -b(Those)16 b(bits)g(that)g(corresp)q(ond)h(to)f(read{only)f(indicators)h -(cannot)g(b)q(e)g(c)o(hanged)h(b)o(y)e(this)h(instruction;)150 -1557 y(they)e(are)h(read)f(b)o(y)g Fv(RCTRLF)p FC(.)527 1681 -y(Con)o(trol)f(Flags)h(for)f Fv(W)o(CTRLF)h FC(and)g Fv(RCTRLF)p -150 1879 1495 2 v 149 1879 2 167 v 150 1713 1495 2 v 1644 1879 -2 167 v 274 1891 2 13 v 398 1891 V 523 1891 V 647 1891 V 772 -1891 V 896 1899 2 21 v 1021 1891 2 13 v 1145 1891 V 1270 1891 -V 1394 1891 V 1519 1891 V 162 1909 a Fn(0)p 191 1879 2 167 -v -17 w(0)p 149 1879 V 155 1776 a Fx(S)157 1806 y(e)160 1844 -y(t)204 1909 y Fn(1)p 232 1879 V -17 w(1)p 191 1879 V 193 1774 -a Fx(C)203 1815 y(l)199 1846 y(r)246 1909 y Fn(2)p 274 1879 -V -17 w(2)p 232 1879 V 234 1769 a Fx(D)231 1810 y(M)236 1851 -y(P)287 1909 y Fn(3)p 315 1879 V -17 w(3)p 274 1879 V 275 1769 -a Fx(D)283 1810 y(I)276 1851 y(A)329 1909 y Fn(4)p 357 1879 -V -17 w(4)p 315 1879 V 318 1769 a Fx(B)317 1810 y(O)317 1851 -y(O)370 1909 y Fn(5)p 398 1879 V -17 w(5)p 357 1879 V 359 1769 -a Fx(A)359 1810 y(T)358 1851 y(O)412 1909 y Fn(6)p 440 1879 -V -17 w(6)p 398 1879 V 400 1769 a Fx(D)401 1810 y(B)400 1851 -y(G)860 1909 y Fn(17)p 896 1879 V -441 w(7)p 440 1879 V 590 -1810 a Fx(R)n(eserve)n(d)901 1909 y Fn(18)p 938 1879 V -34 -w(18)p 896 1879 V 898 1769 a Fx(A)899 1810 y(C)900 1851 y(F)943 -1909 y Fn(19)p 979 1879 V -34 w(19)p 938 1879 V 940 1769 a -Fx(T)940 1810 y(H)935 1851 y(W)984 1909 y Fn(20)p 1021 1879 -V -34 w(20)p 979 1879 V 982 1769 a Fx(B)982 1810 y(T)983 1851 -y(F)1026 1909 y Fn(21)p 1062 1879 V -34 w(21)p 1021 1879 V -1024 1769 a Fx(B)1023 1810 y(T)1025 1851 y(L)1067 1909 y Fn(22)p -1104 1879 V -34 w(22)p 1062 1879 V 1064 1769 a Fx(N)1066 1810 -y(P)1059 1851 y(W)1109 1909 y Fn(23)p 1145 1879 V -34 w(23)p -1104 1879 V 1105 1769 a Fx(K)1107 1810 y(P)1106 1851 y(A)1150 -1909 y Fn(24)p 1187 1879 V -34 w(24)p 1145 1879 V 1147 1769 -a Fx(N)1147 1810 y(D)1148 1851 y(C)1192 1909 y Fn(25)p 1228 -1879 V -34 w(25)p 1187 1879 V 1193 1769 a Fx(S)1189 1810 y(A)1191 -1851 y(L)1233 1909 y Fn(26)p 1270 1879 V -34 w(26)p 1228 1879 -V 1231 1789 a Fx(R)1238 1830 y(I)1275 1909 y Fn(27)p 1311 1879 -V -34 w(27)p 1270 1879 V 1273 1789 a Fx(C)1272 1830 y(D)1317 -1909 y Fn(28)p 1353 1879 V -34 w(28)p 1311 1879 V 1313 1769 -a Fx(D)1314 1810 y(T)1314 1851 y(R)1358 1909 y Fn(29)p 1394 -1879 V -34 w(29)p 1353 1879 V 1357 1749 a Fx(L)1356 1790 y(E)1355 -1831 y(D)1360 1870 y(3)1400 1909 y Fn(30)p 1436 1879 V -34 -w(30)p 1394 1879 V 1399 1749 a Fx(L)1398 1790 y(E)1396 1831 -y(D)1401 1870 y(2)1441 1909 y Fn(31)p 1478 1879 V -34 w(31)p -1436 1879 V 1439 1769 a Fx(C)1438 1810 y(O)1437 1851 y(K)1483 -1909 y Fn(32)p 1519 1879 V -34 w(32)p 1478 1879 V 1480 1769 -a Fx(A)1481 1810 y(P)1481 1851 y(E)1524 1909 y Fn(33)p 1561 -1879 V -34 w(33)p 1519 1879 V 1523 1749 a Fx(L)1522 1790 y(E)1521 -1831 y(D)1526 1870 y(1)1566 1909 y Fn(34)p 1602 1879 V -34 -w(34)p 1561 1879 V 1563 1769 a Fx(R)1563 1810 y(T)1566 1851 -y(S)1607 1909 y Fn(35)p 1644 1879 V -34 w(35)p 1602 1879 V -1606 1749 a Fx(L)1605 1790 y(E)1604 1831 y(D)1609 1870 y(0)150 -2029 y(Set)106 b Fu(CF\045SET==:1B0)39 b FC(When)16 b(this)g(bit)g(is)g(1)f -(the)i(\015ags)f(selected)h(b)o(y)f(1s)g(in)g(bits)g(2{6,)f(23{24,)f(and)i -(26{35)312 2079 y(will)e(b)q(e)i(set)h(to)e(1,)g(and)h(if)e(bit)h(25)g(is)h -(1,)f(the)h(function)f(selected)j(b)o(y)d(that)g(bit)h(will)e(b)q(e)i(p)q -(erformed.)22 b(If)312 2129 y(this)16 b(bit)f(and)g Fx(Clr)j -FC(are)e(b)q(oth)f(0,)g(this)h(instruction)f(has)h(no)f(e\013ect.)24 -b(If)15 b(this)g(bit)g(and)g Fx(Clr)k FC(are)c(b)q(oth)h(1,)312 -2179 y(this)e(instruction)g(is)g(reserv)o(ed.)150 2264 y Fx(Clr)103 -b Fu(CF\045CLR==:1B1)39 b FC(\(Clear\))17 b(When)f(this)g(bit)g(is)g(1,)g -(the)h(\015ags)f(selected)i(b)o(y)e(ones)h(in)f(bits)g(2{6,)g(23{24,)312 -2314 y(and)g(26{35)f(will)g(b)q(e)h(cleared)h(to)f(zero.)26 -b(If)16 b(this)g(bit)g(and)f Fx(Set)21 b FC(are)16 b(b)q(oth)g(0,)g(this)h -(instruction)f(has)g(no)312 2364 y(e\013ect.)k(If)13 b(this)h(bit)g(and)g -Fx(Set)k FC(are)c(b)q(oth)g(1,)f(this)h(instruction)g(is)g(reserv)o(ed.)150 -2450 y Fx(DMP)66 b Fu(CF\045DMP==:1B2)39 b FC(\(Dump)15 b(Request\))j(This)f -(\015ag)f(informs)f Fw(TDBoot)i FC(that)g(a)f(memory)e(dump)i(to)g(a)312 -2499 y(\014le)e(is)g(w)o(an)o(ted.)k Fw(TDBoot)c FC(reads)h(this)f(\015ag)f -(after)h(the)h(program)d(executes)k(a)e Fv(HAL)m(T)g FC(instruction.)150 -2585 y Fx(DIA)84 b Fu(CF\045DIA==:1B3)39 b FC(\(Diagnose)11 -b(Request\))i(This)f(\015ag)f(informs)f Fw(TDBoot)i FC(that)g(diagnostics)f -(are)i(w)o(an)o(t-)p eop -%%Page: 286 90 -286 89 bop 0 50 a FC(286)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)162 195 y FC(ed.)23 b -Fw(TDBoot)15 b FC(reads)h(this)f(\015ag)g(after)g(the)h(program)e(executes)j -(a)e Fv(HAL)m(T)g FC(instruction.)23 b(Diagnostics)162 245 -y(are)14 b(p)q(erformed)g(subsequen)o(t)i(to)d(the)i(dump,)d(if)h(requested.) -0 330 y Fx(BOO)69 b Fu(CF\045BOO==:1B4)39 b FC(\(Bo)q(ot)20 -b(Request\))g(This)g(\015ag)f(informs)e Fw(TDBoot)j FC(that)g(the)g(system)f -(should)g(b)q(e)162 380 y(reb)q(o)q(oted,)f(using)e(the)i(existing)e(default) -g(b)q(o)q(ot)h(parameters.)26 b Fw(TDBoot)16 b FC(reads)i(this)e(\015ag)h -(after)f(the)162 430 y(program)i(executes)k(a)d Fv(HAL)m(T)g -FC(instruction.)35 b(Bo)q(ot)20 b(is)f(p)q(erformed)g(subsequen)o(t)i(to)f -(diagnostics,)g(if)162 480 y(requested.)0 565 y Fx(A)m(TO)72 -b Fu(CF\045ATO==:1B5)39 b FC(\(Automatic\))10 b(This)g(\015ag)h(is)f(used)i -(b)o(y)e Fw(TDBoot)h FC(to)g(inform)d(the)k(timesharing)d(mon-)162 -615 y(itor)14 b(that)g(the)g(reb)q(o)q(ot)h(o)q(ccurred)g(without)f(man)o -(ual)d(in)o(terv)o(en)o(tion.)0 701 y Fx(DBG)70 b Fu(CF\045DBG==:1B6)39 -b FC(\(Debugging\))15 b(This)g(\015ag)f(is)h(used)h(b)o(y)f(b)o(y)g -Fw(TDBoot)g FC(to)g(inform)e(the)i(timesharing)162 751 y(monitor)d(that)i -(the)h(op)q(erator)f(has)g(requested)i(the)e(monitor)e(to)i(b)q(o)q(ot)g(for) -g(stand{alone)f(op)q(eration.)0 836 y Fx(A)o(CF)75 b Fu(CF\045ACF==:1B18)39 -b FC(\(A)o(C)13 b(F)m(ail\))f(This)i(read{only)e(indicator)h(is)g(set)i(when) -e(the)h(system)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)f(con)o(trol)162 886 y(has)h(detected)i(an)e -(A)o(C)g(Lo)o(w)f(condition.)0 972 y Fx(THW)60 b Fu(CF\045THW==:1B19)39 -b FC(\(Thermal)10 b(W)m(arning\))f(This)i(read{only)g(indicator)f(is)h(set)h -(when)g(the)f(temp)q(erature)162 1021 y(in)19 b(the)g(system)g(card)h(cage)f -(is)g(excessiv)o(e.)35 b(\(Generally)m(,)19 b(there)h(is)f(no)g(correctiv)o -(e)i(action)d(that)h(the)162 1071 y(soft)o(w)o(are)h(can)g(undertak)o(e.)36 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)21 b(as)f(Thermal)e(W)m(arning)g(is)i(often)f(follo)o(w)o -(ed)f(b)o(y)i(a)f(thermal)162 1121 y(sh)o(utdo)o(wn,)14 b(the)g(soft)o(w)o -(are)g(ma)o(y)e(treat)j(this)f(condition)f(as)h(a)f(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)i -(failure.\))0 1207 y Fx(BTF)76 b Fu(CF\045BTF==:1B20)39 b FC(\(Battery)18 -b(F)m(ault\))e(This)g(read{only)g(indicator)g(is)h(set)g(when)g(the)g(system) -g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)162 1256 y(con)o(trol)g(is)g(unable)g(to)g(c)o(harge)h(the)f -(battery)m(.)28 b(Generally)m(,)17 b(this)g(means)f(either)i(that)g(the)f -(battery)h(is)162 1306 y(disconnected)e(or)e(that)g(the)g(battery)h(has)f -(exceeded)i(its)e(useful)g(life.)0 1392 y Fx(BTL)77 b Fu(CF\045BTL==:1B21)39 -b FC(\(Battery)14 b(Lo)o(w\))e(This)g(read{only)g(indicator)f(is)i(set)g -(when)g(the)g(battery)g(is)f(unable)162 1442 y(to)i(sustain)g(system)g(op)q -(eration)g(m)o(uc)o(h)e(longer.)0 1527 y Fx(NPW)62 b Fu(CF\045NPW==:1B22)39 -b FC(\(Need)21 b(P)o(o)o(w)o(er\))f(This)g(read{only)f(indicator)h(is)g(set)g -(when)h(an)o(y)e(device)i(in)e(the)162 1577 y(system)14 b(is)g(asserting)h -(the)f(Need)i(DC)d(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)i(bac)o(kplane)f(signal.)j(\(This)d(pro)q -(cessor)i(can)f(assert)g(Need)162 1627 y(DC)f(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)g(b)o(y)f -(setting)i(the)f Fu(CF\045NDC)f FC(\015ag,)g(b)q(elo)o(w.\))0 -1712 y Fx(KP)m(A)74 b Fu(CF\045KPA==:1B23)39 b FC(\(Keep{Aliv)o(e)19 -b(Coun)o(ter\))h(This)f(\015ag)f(enables)i(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de's)e -(\\Keep{Aliv)o(e")162 1762 y(coun)o(ter)j(\(see)h FA(x)p FC(3.8.3\).)36 -b(When)20 b(set,)i(the)f(micro)q(co)q(de)f(will)f(decremen)o(t)i(the)f -(Keep{Aliv)o(e)h(coun)o(ter)162 1812 y(p)q(erio)q(dically;)15 -b(when)h(clear,)g(the)g(Keep{Aliv)o(e)g(coun)o(ter)h(is)e(disabled.)23 -b(\(The)17 b(Keep{Aliv)o(e)f(coun)o(ter)g(is)162 1862 y(normally)8 -b(enabled)k(while)e(the)h(op)q(erating)g(system)g(is)f(running;)h(ho)o(w)o -(ev)o(er,)h(programs)d(suc)o(h)j(as)f(KDDT,)162 1912 y(EDDT,)i(or)h -Fw(TDBoot)g FC(will)f(disable)g(the)i(Keep{Aliv)o(e)f(mec)o(hanism)e(while)h -(they)h(are)h(activ)o(e.\))0 1997 y Fx(NDC)70 b Fu(CF\045NDC==:1B24)39 -b FC(\(Need)21 b(DC)e(P)o(o)o(w)o(er\))h(This)g(\015ag)f(con)o(trols)h(the)g -(pro)q(cessor's)h(con)o(tribution)f(to)f(a)162 2047 y(wire-ORed)e(signal)f -(on)g(the)i(bac)o(kplane.)26 b(An)o(y)17 b(device)g(on)g(the)g(bac)o(kplane)f -(ma)o(y)f(assert)j(this)f(signal)162 2097 y(to)h(signify)e(that)i(it)f(has)h -(not)f(y)o(et)h(completed)f(its)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er{failure)f(sh)o(utdo)o(wn)g -(routine.)30 b(The)18 b(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)162 2147 y(con)o(trol)d(will)f -(attempt)h(to)g(main)o(tain)e(DC)i(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)h(b)o(y)f(using)g(the)h -(battery)g(while)f(an)o(y)g(device)h(asserts)162 2196 y(this)e(signal.)0 -2282 y Fx(SAL)82 b Fu(CF\045SAL==:1B25)39 b FC(\(System)19 -b(Activ)o(e)h(Ligh)o(t\))e(This)h(function)g(causes)i(the)f(pro)q(cessor)h -(to)e(ligh)o(t)f(the)162 2332 y(y)o(ello)o(w)13 b(System)h(Activ)o(e)h(ligh)o -(t,)d(on)i(system)g(fron)o(t)g(panel,)g(for)g(15)f(milliseconds.)k(\(There)f -(is)e(no)g(corre-)162 2382 y(sp)q(onding)g(\015ag.\))0 2467 -y Fx(RI)116 b Fu(CF\045RI==:1B26)39 b FC(\(Ring)12 b(Indicate\))h(This)f -(read{only)h(\015ag)f(signi\014es)g(the)i(state)f(of)f(the)h(Ring)f(Indicate) -162 2517 y(lead)i(on)f(the)i(auxiliary)d(console)i(p)q(ort's)g(mo)q(dem.)0 -2603 y Fx(CD)101 b Fu(CF\045CD==:1B27)39 b FC(\(Carrier)10 -b(Detect\))h(This)f(read{only)f(\015ag)g(signi\014es)h(the)g(state)g(of)f -(the)i(Carrier)f(Detect)p eop -%%Page: 287 91 -287 90 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.9.)31 b(OTHER)14 b(CPU)g(CONTR)o(OLS)g(AND)g(ST)m(A) -m(TUS)854 b FC(287)312 195 y(signal)13 b(on)h(the)g(auxiliary)e(console)i(p)q -(ort's)h(mo)q(dem.)150 281 y Fx(DTR)71 b Fu(CF\045DTR==:1B28)39 -b FC(\(Data)12 b(T)m(erminal)e(Ready\))j(This)f(\015ag)g(con)o(trols)h(the)g -(state)g(of)f(the)h(Data)f(T)m(erminal)312 330 y(Ready)i(lead)f(at)h(the)h -(auxiliary)d(console)i(p)q(ort's)g(mo)q(dem.)150 416 y Fx(LED3)56 -b Fu(CF\045LD3==:1B29)39 b FC(This)12 b(\015ag)g(con)o(trols)g(the)h(state)g -(of)f(the)h(green)g(LED)f(lab)q(eled)g(\\3",)f(visible)h(through)312 -466 y(the)j(mo)q(dule)d(co)o(v)o(er)i(panel)g(of)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(b)q -(oard.)150 551 y Fx(LED2)56 b Fu(CF\045LD2==:1B30)39 b FC(This)12 -b(\015ag)g(con)o(trols)g(the)h(state)g(of)f(the)h(green)g(LED)f(lab)q(eled)g -(\\2",)f(visible)h(through)312 601 y(the)j(mo)q(dule)d(co)o(v)o(er)i(panel)g -(of)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(b)q(oard.)150 687 y Fx(COK)68 b -Fu(CF\045COK==:1B31)39 b FC(\(Console)12 b(OK\))g(This)f(\015ag)h(con)o -(trols)f(the)i(state)f(of)f(the)h(green)h(LED)e(lab)q(eled)h(\\P)o(ort)312 -737 y(OK",)f(visible)g(through)h(the)g(mo)q(dule)d(co)o(v)o(er)j(panel)f(of)g -(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(b)q(oard,)f(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f(the)h(console)g(p)q(ort) -312 786 y(connector.)150 872 y Fx(APE)75 b Fu(CF\045APE==:1B32)39 -b FC(\(Auxiliary)13 b(T)m(erminal)f(P)o(ort)i(Enable\))g(When)h(set,)f(this)h -(\015ag)e(p)q(ermits)h(the)h(use)g(of)312 922 y(the)i(auxiliary)e(terminal)g -(p)q(ort.)27 b(When)17 b(enabled,)g(the)g(auxiliary)e(p)q(ort)i(is)g -(connected)h(\\in)e(parallel")312 972 y(to)e(the)h(console)f(terminal)e(p)q -(ort:)19 b(c)o(haracters)d(t)o(yp)q(ed)e(on)g(either)h(terminal)d(are)j(seen) -g(b)o(y)f(the)h(program)312 1021 y(as)f(if)g(they)g(came)g(from)e(the)j -(console)f(terminal;)e(c)o(haracters)k(sen)o(t)f(to)f(the)h(console)g -(terminal)d(are)j(also)312 1071 y(sen)o(t)j(to)f(the)h(auxiliary)d(p)q(ort.) -28 b(While)16 b(the)i(auxiliary)d(terminal)g(p)q(ort)j(is)f(enabled,)g(the)h -(green)g(LED)312 1121 y(lab)q(eled)d(\\P)o(ort)g(OK",)g(visible)f(through)h -(the)h(mo)q(dule)d(co)o(v)o(er)j(panel)f(of)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)g(b)q(oard,) -f(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)312 1171 y(the)g(auxiliary)d(p)q(ort)i(connector,)h(will)d -(b)q(e)j(lit.)312 1239 y(When)i(the)g(auxiliary)e(terminal)g(is)i(disabled,)g -(input)f(c)o(haracters)j(from)c(the)i(p)q(ort)g(are)h(ignored)e(and)312 -1288 y(console)e(p)q(ort)h(output)f(is)f(not)h(copied)g(to)g(the)h(auxiliary) -d(p)q(ort.)150 1374 y Fx(LED1)56 b Fu(CF\045LD1==:1B33)39 b -FC(This)12 b(\015ag)g(con)o(trols)g(the)h(state)g(of)f(the)h(green)g(LED)f -(lab)q(eled)g(\\1",)f(visible)h(through)312 1424 y(the)j(mo)q(dule)d(co)o(v)o -(er)i(panel)g(of)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(b)q(oard.)150 1509 -y Fx(R)m(TS)82 b Fu(CF\045RTS==:1B34)39 b FC(\(Request)19 b(to)f(Send\))h -(This)f(\015ag)g(con)o(trols)g(the)h(state)g(of)f(the)g(Request)h(to)f(Send) -312 1559 y(signal)13 b(at)h(the)g(auxiliary)e(console)j(p)q(ort's)f(mo)q -(dem.)150 1645 y Fx(LED0)56 b Fu(CF\045LD0==:1B35)39 b FC(This)12 -b(\015ag)g(con)o(trols)g(the)h(state)g(of)f(the)h(green)g(LED)f(lab)q(eled)g -(\\0",)f(visible)h(through)312 1694 y(the)j(mo)q(dule)d(co)o(v)o(er)i(panel)g -(of)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(b)q(oard.)p 150 1961 1495 4 v 150 -1886 V 148 1960 4 75 v 1643 1960 V 688 1960 V 729 1960 V 896 -1960 V 162 1991 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)698 1936 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1991 y Fl(8)p 522 1960 -V 24 w(9)586 1936 y FC(11)150 1853 y Fi(RCTRLF)482 1856 y(Read)19 -b(Control)g(Flags)h(\(APR0)f(11,\))306 1936 y FC(700)150 2087 -y(This)13 b(instruction)g(reads)h(the)g(condition)e(of)h(the)g(con)o(trol)g -(\015ags)g(and)g(stores)h(the)g(result)g(in)e(the)i(w)o(ord)f(at)g -Fs(E)r FC(.)18 b(The)150 2136 y(format)12 b(is)i(the)g(same)f(as)h(that)g -(used)h(in)e Fv(W)o(CTRLF)p FC(,)h(except)h Fx(Set)t FC(,)e -Fx(Clr)t FC(,)g(and)h Fx(SAL)g FC(all)e(are)j(read)f(as)g(zero.)150 -2288 y Fy(3.9.3)55 b(Pro)r(cessor)18 b(and)h(System)e(Iden)n(ti\014cation)150 -2401 y FC(F)m(or)f(initial)f(setup,)j(the)f(executiv)o(e)h(m)o(ust)d(b)q(e)j -(cognizan)o(t)e(of)g(certain)h(fundamen)o(tal)e(c)o(haracteristics)j(that)f -(can)150 2451 y(v)n(ary)g(from)f(one)j(system)e(to)h(another.)30 -b(F)m(or)18 b(this)g(purp)q(ose,)h(the)g(follo)o(wing)c(instructions)j(are)h -(the)f(means)f(b)o(y)150 2500 y(whic)o(h)d(the)g(program)f(can)h(iden)o(tify) -f(unique)h(pro)q(cessor)h(c)o(haracteristics.)p eop -%%Page: 288 92 -288 91 bop 0 50 a FC(288)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)p 0 355 1495 4 v 0 280 -V -2 353 4 75 v 1493 353 V 538 353 V 579 353 V 746 353 V 12 -384 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -330 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 384 y Fl(8)p 372 353 V 24 w(9)436 -329 y FC(00)0 246 y Fi(APRID)332 249 y(Arithmetic)19 b(Pro)r(cesso)n(r)g -(Identi\014catio)q(n)i(\(APR0)d(0,\))156 329 y FC(700)0 480 -y(Read)c(the)i(micro)q(co)q(de)e(v)o(ersion)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)g(the)h(pro)q -(cessor)i(serial)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)g(and)g(a)g(listing)g(of)g(the)h -(fundamen)o(tal)0 530 y(c)o(haracteristics)h(of)d(the)h(system)g(in)o(to)f -(lo)q(cations)h Fs(E)r FC(,)f Fs(E)e FC(+)f(1,)j(and)h Fs(E)d -FC(+)e(2)14 b(as)g(sho)o(wn:)533 654 y(Pro)q(cessor)h(Iden)o(ti\014cation)f -(T)m(riplew)o(ord)0 762 y Fx(E)0 885 y(E)5 b FC(+1)0 1009 y -Fx(E)g FC(+2)p 104 1060 1495 2 v 103 1059 2 374 v 104 686 1495 -2 v 1597 1059 2 374 v 227 1072 2 13 v 352 1072 V 477 1072 V -601 1072 V 726 1072 V 850 1080 2 21 v 975 1072 2 13 v 1099 -1072 V 1224 1072 V 1348 1072 V 1473 1072 V 104 936 1495 2 v -104 811 V 199 1089 a Fn(2)p 227 769 2 84 v -100 w(0)p 103 769 -V 119 737 a Fx(T)m(yp)n(e)116 1089 y Fn(0)p 144 810 2 42 v --17 w(0)p 103 810 V 114 803 a FC(1)158 1089 y Fn(1)p 186 810 -V -17 w(1)p 144 810 V 156 803 a FC(1)199 1089 y Fn(2)p 227 -810 V -17 w(2)p 186 810 V 197 803 a FC(0)407 1089 y Fn(7)p -435 769 2 84 v -183 w(3)p 227 769 V 264 738 a Fx(Subtyp)n(e)241 -1089 y Fn(3)p 269 810 2 42 v -17 w(3)p 227 810 V 239 803 a -FC(0)282 1089 y Fn(4)p 311 810 V -17 w(4)p 269 810 V 280 803 -a FC(0)324 1089 y Fn(5)p 352 810 V -17 w(5)p 311 810 V 322 -803 a FC(0)365 1089 y Fn(6)p 394 810 V -17 w(6)p 352 810 V -363 803 a FC(0)407 1089 y Fn(7)p 435 810 V -17 w(7)p 394 810 -V 405 803 a FC(1)1395 1089 y Fn(31)p 1431 810 2 125 v -981 -w(8)p 435 810 V 804 762 a Fx(Serial)14 b(Numb)n(er)1519 1089 -y Fn(34)p 1556 810 V -117 w(32)p 1431 810 V 1446 762 a Fx(Rsvd)1561 -1089 y Fn(35)p 1597 810 V -34 w(35)p 1556 810 V 1558 722 a -Fx(R)1563 764 y(d)1563 794 y(y)116 1089 y Fn(0)p 144 935 V --17 w(0)p 103 935 V 109 867 a Fx(J)110 906 y(0)158 1089 y Fn(1)p -186 935 V -17 w(1)p 144 935 V 151 867 a Fx(J)151 906 y(1)199 -1089 y Fn(2)p 227 935 V -17 w(2)p 186 935 V 193 867 a Fx(J)193 -906 y(2)241 1089 y Fn(3)p 269 935 V -17 w(3)p 227 935 V 234 -867 a Fx(J)234 906 y(3)814 1089 y Fn(17)p 850 935 V -566 w(4)p -269 935 V 396 883 a Fx(Har)n(dwar)n(e)g(Options)1561 1089 y -Fn(35)p 1597 935 V -740 w(18)p 850 935 V 1139 866 a Fx(Har)n(dwar)n(e)1148 -907 y(R)n(evision)814 1089 y Fn(17)p 850 1059 V -732 w(0)p -103 1059 V 387 987 a Fx(Micr)n(o)n(c)n(o)n(de)407 1028 y(Options)1561 -1089 y Fn(35)p 1597 1059 V -740 w(18)p 850 1059 V 1135 991 -a Fx(Micr)n(o)n(c)n(o)n(de)1155 1032 y(V)m(ersion)0 1228 y -FC(These)h(w)o(ords)e(are)h(also)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor's)h(resp)q(onse)g(to)e -(a)g(\\Device)p 1063 1228 13 2 v 16 w(Status)p 1194 1228 V -15 w(Request")h(bus)g(cycle)g(directed)g(to)f(it)0 1278 y(at)h(in{mo)q(dule)e -(addresses)k(0,)d(1,)g(and)g(2.)0 1363 y(In)h(the)g(lo)q(catation)f -(addressed)j(b)o(y)e Fs(E)r FC(,)f(the)h(\014elds)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(the)g(follo) -o(wing)d(meaning:)0 1431 y Fx(T)m(yp)n(e)148 b FC(This)16 b(\014eld)g(\()p -Fu(DS\045TYP)p FC(\))f(con)o(tains)h(the)g(v)n(alue)g(6)f(\()p -Fu(AP\045TCP)p FC(\),)g(signifying)f(that)i(this)g(is)g(a)g(pro)q(cessor.)233 -1481 y(\(Remem)o(b)q(er,)g(this)i(w)o(ord)f(is)g(also)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor's) -h(resp)q(onse)g(to)f(a)f(\\Device)p 1491 1481 V 15 w(Status)p -1621 1481 V 15 w(Request")233 1530 y(sen)o(t)e(to)e(it)h(at)g(address)h(0.\)) -0 1616 y Fx(Subtyp)n(e)97 b FC(This)12 b(\014eld)h(\()p Fu(DS\045STY)p -FC(\))e(is)i(reserv)o(ed)h(for)e(ma)r(jor)f(c)o(hanges)j(to)e(the)h(pro)q -(cessor,)h(including)e(pro)q(cessors)233 1666 y(of)h(arc)o(hitecture)j -(substan)o(tially)d(di\013eren)o(t)i(from)d(the)i(XKL)1179 -1662 y(-)1191 1666 y(1.)0 1751 y Fx(Serial)0 1801 y(Numb)n(er)233 -1751 y FC(\()p Fu(AP\045SNM==:77777777)o(B31)p FC(\))7 b(This)k(\014eld)f -(uniquely)g(iden)o(ti\014es)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(b)q(oard.)17 -b(In)10 b(con)o(trast)233 1801 y(to)j(the)h(System)f(Serial)g(Num)o(b)q(er,)f -(this)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(is)g(used)h(primarily)d(for)i(trac)o(king)g(the)h -(history)g(of)233 1851 y(this)g(particular)f(b)q(oard.)0 1949 -y Fx(R)n(dy)164 b FC(Ready)10 b(\()p Fu(AP\045RDY)p FC(\).)e(This)i(bit)g -(will)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(b)q(e)i(read)g(as)f(1)g(b)o(y)g Fv(APRID)p -FC(.)e(\(The)i(pro)q(cessor)i(is)e(not)h(ready)233 1999 y(while)i(it)g(is)g -(halted,)g(but)g(of)g(course,)h Fv(APRID)e FC(will)g(nev)o(er)i(see)h(this)e -(condition.)18 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)13 b(the)h(not)233 2049 -y(ready)e(condition)e(can)i(b)q(e)g(rep)q(orted)h(to)e(another)h(device)g -(that)f(directs)i(a)e(Device)p 1511 2049 V 16 w(Status)p 1642 -2049 V 15 w(Request)233 2098 y(to)j(the)g(halted)g(pro)q(cessor.\))0 -2202 y(In)g(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(addressed)j(b)o(y)e Fs(E)d -FC(+)e(1,)14 b(the)g(\014elds)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(the)h(follo)o(wing)c(meaning:)0 -2269 y Fx(J0)k({)g(J3)96 b FC(The)13 b(status)h(of)e(four)h(option)f(jump)q -(ers)h(on)f(the)i(CPU)f(b)q(oard,)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)g(J2{0,)f(J2{1,)g -(J2{2,)g(and)233 2319 y(J2{3,)i(is)g(rep)q(orted)i(in)f(bits)f(0{3,)g(resp)q -(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)21 b(An)15 b(installed)f(jump)q(er)g(is)g(read)h(as)g(a)f -(\\1")g(in)g(the)233 2369 y(corresp)q(onding)h(bit.)233 2437 -y(The)h(J2)h(jump)q(ers)f(are)g(lo)q(cated)h(on)f(the)g(XKL)983 -2433 y(-)996 2437 y(1)g(b)q(oard)g(near)g(the)h(connector)h(to)e(the)h -(auxiliary)233 2487 y(console)d(p)q(ort.)k(With)c(the)g(b)q(oard)g(in)f(its)h -(normal)e(orien)o(tation,)h(J2{0)g(is)h(at)g(the)g(top.)233 -2554 y(If)h(jump)q(er)h(J2{0)f(is)h(installed,)f(the)i(micro)q(co)q(de)e -(will)g(disable)g(the)i(macro{console)e(and)g(not)h(at-)233 -2604 y(tempt)d(to)h(run)h(macro)e(co)q(de.)20 b(\(See)15 b(also)e(the)i(.M)f -(command)d(in)j(App)q(endix)g(E.\))20 b(This)14 b(jump)q(er)f(is)p -eop -%%Page: 289 93 -289 92 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.9.)31 b(OTHER)14 b(CPU)g(CONTR)o(OLS)g(AND)g(ST)m(A) -m(TUS)854 b FC(289)383 195 y(installed)13 b(only)g(for)h(diagnostic)f(purp)q -(oses.)383 263 y(The)h(signi\014cance)g(of)g(the)g(other)h(jump)q(ers)e(is)h -(reserv)o(ed.)150 348 y Fx(Har)n(dwar)n(e)150 398 y(Options)383 -348 y FC(A)o(t)g(presen)o(t,)h(there)g(are)f(no)g(de\014ned)h(hardw)o(are)f -(options.)150 494 y Fx(Har)n(dwar)n(e)150 544 y(R)n(evision)383 -494 y FC(The)g(hardw)o(are)g(revision)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(is)h(rep)q(orted)h -(in)f(this)g(\014eld.)150 657 y(In)g(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(addressed)j(b)o(y)e -Fs(E)d FC(+)e(2,)14 b(the)g(\014elds)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(the)h(follo)o(wing)c -(meaning:)150 725 y Fx(Micr)n(o)n(c)n(o)n(de)150 774 y(Options)383 -725 y FC(A)o(t)j(presen)o(t,)h(the)f(de\014ned)h(micro)q(co)q(de)f(options)f -(are)383 852 y(Bit)h(0)70 b(Debugging)13 b(micro)q(co)q(de)383 -938 y(Bit)h(1)70 b(Exotic)15 b(micro)q(co)q(de:)21 b(the)16 -b(micro)q(co)q(de)f(di\013ers)h(in)f(some)f(w)o(a)o(y)h(from)e(the)j -(standard)g(v)o(er-)545 987 y(sion.)383 1073 y(All)d(other)h(micro)q(co)q(de) -g(option)f(bits)h(are)g(reserv)o(ed.)150 1159 y Fx(Micr)n(o)n(c)n(o)n(de)150 -1208 y(V)m(ersion)383 1159 y FC(This)g(is)f(the)i(micro)q(co)q(de)e(v)o -(ersion)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)p 150 1494 1495 4 v 150 1419 V 148 -1492 4 75 v 1643 1492 V 688 1492 V 729 1492 V 896 1492 V 162 -1524 a Fl(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -1469 y Fx(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1524 y Fl(8)p 522 1492 V 24 -w(9)586 1468 y FC(02)150 1386 y Fi(SYSID)482 1388 y(System)18 -b(Identi\014cati)q(on)j(\(APR0)e(2,\))306 1468 y FC(700)150 -1619 y(Read)11 b(the)g(system)g(serial)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(and)f(the)i(bac)o -(kplane)e(serial)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(in)o(to)g(lo)q(cations)h -Fs(E)i FC(and)d Fs(E)c FC(+)s(1)k(as)h(sho)o(wn:)679 1748 y(Data)i(F)m(ormat) -f(for)i(SYSID)p 150 2025 1495 2 v 149 2024 2 250 v 150 1776 -1495 2 v 1644 2024 2 250 v 274 2037 2 13 v 398 2037 V 523 2037 -V 647 2037 V 772 2037 V 896 2045 2 21 v 1021 2037 2 13 v 1145 -2037 V 1270 2037 V 1394 2037 V 1519 2037 V 150 1901 1495 2 -v 1109 2054 a Fn(23)p 1145 1900 2 125 v -981 w(0)p 149 1900 -V 380 1848 a Fx(System)h(Identi\014c)n(ation)h(Numb)n(er)1607 -2054 y Fn(35)p 1644 1900 V -491 w(24)p 1145 1900 V 1312 1852 -a Fx(R)n(eserve)n(d)1109 2054 y Fn(23)p 1145 2024 V -981 w(0)p -149 2024 V 419 1972 a Fx(Backplane)g(Serial)e(Numb)n(er)1607 -2054 y Fn(35)p 1644 2024 V -491 w(24)p 1145 2024 V 1312 1976 -a Fx(R)n(eserve)n(d)150 2193 y FC(The)f(system)g(iden)o(ti\014cation)f(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)g(is)g(in)h(bits)f(0{23)g(of)g(the)i(w)o(ord)e(stored)i(at)f -Fs(E)h FC(\()p Fu(SY\045SID==:77777777B23)o FC(\).)150 2243 -y(The)g(system)g(iden)o(ti\014cation)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(is)h(unique)g(to)f -(eac)o(h)h(TO)o(AD)1219 2239 y(-)1231 2243 y(1)f(System.)18 -b(It)c(is)f(held)h(in)f(a)g(so)q(c)o(k)o(eted)i(R)o(OM)150 -2292 y(on)j(the)h(bac)o(kplane.)31 b(The)19 b(system)f(iden)o(ti\014cation)g -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(is)g(shared)h(b)o(y)f(all)g(pro)q(cessors)i(attac)o(hed)f -(to)f(the)150 2342 y(bac)o(kplane.)24 b(The)16 b(system)g(iden)o -(ti\014cation)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)g(rather)i(than)f(a)g(pro)q(cessor)h(serial) -f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(can)i(b)q(e)f(used)150 2392 y(iden)o(tify)d(a)h -(particular)f(system)h(of)f(m)o(ultipro)q(cessors.)150 2478 -y(In)g(the)g(ev)o(en)o(t)g(that)f(a)h(bac)o(kplane)f(is)g(replaced,)i(it)e -(is)g(in)o(tended)h(that)g(the)g(system)g(iden)o(ti\014cation)e(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)h(R)o(OM)150 2527 y(sta)o(y)i(with)f(the)i(system.)150 -2613 y(Bits)f(24{35)f(of)g(the)i(w)o(ord)e(stored)i(at)f Fs(E)i -FC(\()p Fu(SY\045SOP==:7777)p FC(\))11 b(is)j(reserv)o(ed)i(for)e(rep)q -(orting)g(system)f(options.)p eop -%%Page: 290 94 -290 93 bop 0 50 a FC(290)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FC(The)g(bac)o(kplane)g(serial) -f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(is)h(in)f(bits)h(0{23)f(of)g(the)i(w)o(ord)e(stored)i(at) -f Fs(E)d FC(+)e(1)k(\()p Fu(SY\045BSN==:77777777B23)o FC(\).)0 -245 y(The)i(bac)o(kplane)g(serial)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)g(unique)g(to)h(the)g -(bac)o(kplane,)f(is)h(held)f(in)g(R)o(OM)h(p)q(ermanen)o(tly)f(a\016xed)g(to) -g(the)0 295 y(bac)o(kplane;)f(it)h(is)g(used)g(for)g(trac)o(king)f(the)i -(history)f(of)f(the)h(bac)o(kplane.)0 380 y(Bits)e(24{35)f(of)g(the)i(w)o -(ord)f(stored)h(at)e Fs(E)d FC(+)d(1)12 b(\()p Fu(SY\045BOP==:7777)p -FC(\))d(is)j(reserv)o(ed)i(for)e(rep)q(orting)g(bac)o(kplane)g(options.)0 -553 y Ft(3.10)70 b(Resp)r(onse)22 b(b)n(y)i(the)e(XKL)860 548 -y(-)880 553 y(1)i(Pro)r(cessor)f(as)g(a)h(Device)0 680 y FC(In)13 -b(m)o(ulti{pro)q(cessor)g(systems,)g(a)g(XKL)639 676 y(-)652 -680 y(1)g(pro)q(cessor)i(ma)o(y)c(b)q(e)k(addressed)g(as)e(a)g(device)i(b)o -(y)e(another)h(pro)q(cessor.)0 730 y(The)g(resp)q(onses)i(of)e(the)g(XKL)479 -726 y(-)491 730 y(1)g(are)g(describ)q(ed)i(here.)0 882 y Fy(3.10.1)55 -b(Pro)r(cessor)18 b(Resp)r(onse)g(to)g(Device)p 939 882 17 -2 v 19 w(Status)p 1113 882 V 20 w(Request)0 994 y FC(The)f(pro)q(cessor)h -(resp)q(onds)f(to)f(a)g(Device)p 658 994 13 2 v 15 w(Status)p -788 994 V 16 w(Request)h(bac)o(kplane)f(cycle)h(directed)g(to)f(its)g(in{mo)q -(dule)e(ad-)0 1044 y(dresses)i(0,)d(1,)g(and)h(2)g(b)o(y)f(returning)i(the)f -(\014rst,)h(second,)f(and)g(third)g(w)o(ords)g(of)f(the)i Fv(APRID)d -FC(data,)h(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely:)422 1169 y Fz(Pro)q(cessor)h(Resp)q(onse)h(to) -g(Device)p 1053 1169 15 2 v 16 w(Status)p 1203 1169 V 16 w(Request)8 -1248 y FC(Status)g(Request)8 1297 y(0)41 b(Resp)q(onse)8 1372 -y(Status)15 b(Request)8 1421 y(1)41 b(Resp)q(onse)8 1497 y(Status)15 -b(Request)8 1546 y(2)41 b(Resp)q(onse)p 311 1574 1495 2 v 311 -1573 2 374 v 311 1201 1495 2 v 1805 1573 2 374 v 435 1586 2 -13 v 560 1586 V 684 1586 V 809 1586 V 933 1586 V 1058 1594 -2 21 v 1182 1586 2 13 v 1307 1586 V 1431 1586 V 1556 1586 V -1680 1586 V 311 1450 1495 2 v 311 1325 V 407 1604 a Fn(2)p -435 1283 2 84 v -100 w(0)p 311 1283 V 327 1251 a Fx(T)m(yp)n(e)324 -1604 y Fn(0)p 352 1324 2 42 v -17 w(0)p 311 1324 V 322 1317 -a FC(1)365 1604 y Fn(1)p 394 1324 V -17 w(1)p 352 1324 V 363 -1317 a FC(1)407 1604 y Fn(2)p 435 1324 V -17 w(2)p 394 1324 -V 405 1317 a FC(0)614 1604 y Fn(7)p 643 1283 2 84 v -183 w(3)p -435 1283 V 471 1252 a Fx(Subtyp)n(e)448 1604 y Fn(3)p 477 1324 -2 42 v -17 w(3)p 435 1324 V 446 1317 a FC(0)490 1604 y Fn(4)p -518 1324 V -17 w(4)p 477 1324 V 488 1317 a FC(0)531 1604 y -Fn(5)p 560 1324 V -17 w(5)p 518 1324 V 529 1317 a FC(0)573 -1604 y Fn(6)p 601 1324 V -17 w(6)p 560 1324 V 571 1317 a FC(0)614 -1604 y Fn(7)p 643 1324 V -17 w(7)p 601 1324 V 612 1317 a FC(1)1602 -1604 y Fn(31)p 1639 1324 2 125 v -980 w(8)p 643 1324 V 1012 -1276 a Fx(Serial)14 b(Numb)n(er)1727 1604 y Fn(34)p 1763 1324 -V -117 w(32)p 1639 1324 V 1654 1276 a Fx(Rsvd)1768 1604 y Fn(35)p -1805 1324 V -34 w(35)p 1763 1324 V 1766 1236 a Fx(R)1770 1278 -y(d)1771 1308 y(y)324 1604 y Fn(0)p 352 1449 V -17 w(0)p 311 -1449 V 317 1381 a Fx(J)317 1420 y(0)365 1604 y Fn(1)p 394 1449 -V -17 w(1)p 352 1449 V 359 1381 a Fx(J)359 1420 y(1)407 1604 -y Fn(2)p 435 1449 V -17 w(2)p 394 1449 V 400 1381 a Fx(J)400 -1420 y(2)448 1604 y Fn(3)p 477 1449 V -17 w(3)p 435 1449 V -442 1381 a Fx(J)442 1420 y(3)1021 1604 y Fn(17)p 1058 1449 -V -565 w(4)p 477 1449 V 604 1397 a Fx(Har)n(dwar)n(e)g(Options)1768 -1604 y Fn(35)p 1805 1449 V -739 w(18)p 1058 1449 V 1346 1381 -a Fx(Har)n(dwar)n(e)1355 1421 y(R)n(evision)1021 1604 y Fn(17)p -1058 1573 V -731 w(0)p 311 1573 V 595 1501 a Fx(Micr)n(o)n(c)n(o)n(de)614 -1542 y(Options)1768 1604 y Fn(35)p 1805 1573 V -739 w(18)p -1058 1573 V 1342 1505 a Fx(Micr)n(o)n(c)n(o)n(de)1363 1546 -y(V)m(ersion)0 1742 y FC(The)i(t)o(yp)q(e)h(co)q(de)g(pattern)f(110)g(\()p -Fu(AP\045TCP==:6)p FC(\))e(in)h(bits)h(0{2)f(\()p Fu(DS\045TYP)p -FC(\))g(of)h(the)g(Device)p 1410 1742 13 2 v 15 w(Status)p -1540 1742 V 16 w(Request)h(0)e(re-)0 1792 y(sp)q(onse)g(w)o(ord)f(iden)o -(ti\014es)g(this)g(as)g(a)g(pro)q(cessor.)0 1877 y(A)i(1)f(in)g(the)h -Fx(R)n(dy)k FC(\(Ready\))c(\015ag)f(\()p Fu(AP\045RDY==:1B35)p -FC(\))e(tells)j(other)g(devices)h(on)e(the)i(bus)f(that)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor) -g(is)0 1927 y(ready)m(.)25 b(\(The)17 b(pro)q(cessor)h(is)e(not)h(ready)f -(while)g(its)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(is)g(b)q(eing)h(loaded;)f(it)g(is)g(not)h -(ready)f(while)g(it)g(is)0 1977 y(halted.\))0 2063 y(A)o(t)i(addresses)h -(3{7,)e(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(resp)q(onds)f(b)o(y)e(supplying)g(the)h(con)o -(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(MemA)f(lo)q(cations)h(323{327,)0 2112 y(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)e -(\()p Fu(AM\045SY0==:320)p FC(,)d(etc.\).)19 b(These)c(cells)f(are)h(used)g -(in)e(m)o(ultipro)q(cessor)h(systems)g(to)g(pro)o(vide)g(in)o(ter{)0 -2162 y(pro)q(cessor)i(sync)o(hronization)e(b)q(efore)g(the)h(memory)c(and)j -(op)q(erating)g(system)f(are)i(fully)d(functional.)0 2314 y -Fy(3.10.2)55 b(Pro)r(cessor)18 b(Resp)r(onse)g(to)g(Device)p -939 2314 17 2 v 19 w(Con)n(trol)0 2426 y FC(The)e(pro)q(cessor's)g(resp)q -(onse)h(to)e(Device)p 640 2426 13 2 v 16 w(Con)o(trol)f(bus)i(cycles)g(is)f -(reserv)o(ed,)i(p)q(ending)e(the)h(design)f(of)f(m)o(ultipro-)0 -2476 y(cessor)h(systems.)p eop -%%Page: 291 95 -291 94 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.11.)31 b(XMG)372 46 y(-)383 50 y(1)14 -b(MEMOR)m(Y)g(SYSTEM)1088 b FC(291)150 195 y Ft(3.11)70 b(XMG)515 -190 y(-)535 195 y(1)23 b(Memory)e(System)150 322 y FC(There)e(are)f(t)o(w)o -(o)f(memory)e(systems)j(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(for)h(the)i(TO)o(AD)1195 -318 y(-)1206 322 y(1)f(System:)25 b(the)18 b(XMG)1592 318 y(-)1604 -322 y(1)f(and)h(the)g(XMG)1906 318 y(-)1918 322 y(3.)150 372 -y(Either)d(or)e(b)q(oth)h(t)o(yp)q(es)h(migh)o(t)d(b)q(e)i(presen)o(t.)150 -524 y Fy(3.11.1)55 b(The)19 b(XMG)606 520 y(-)622 524 y(1)g(Memory)d(Board) -150 636 y FC(The)e(XMG)339 632 y(-)351 636 y(1)g(memory)d(b)q(oard)j(is)g(a)o -(v)n(ailable)d(in)j(either)g(16{)f(or)h(32{milli)o(on)d(w)o(ord)j -(con\014gurations.)150 721 y(The)e(XMG)337 717 y(-)349 721 -y(1)g(resp)q(onds)h(to)f(Line)p 682 721 13 2 v 15 w(Read)p -790 721 V 14 w(Request,)h(Line)p 1052 721 V 15 w(W)m(rite,)e(W)m(ord)p -1292 721 V 15 w(Read)p 1400 721 V 14 w(Request,)i(and)f(W)m(ord)p -1762 721 V 14 w(W)m(rite)g(bus)150 771 y(cycles;)22 b(these)f(cycles)f(are)g -(used)g(for)e(the)i(usual)f(storage)g(transfers.)35 b(The)20 -b(XMG)1503 767 y(-)1514 771 y(1)f(also)g(resp)q(onds)h(to)f(Sta-)150 -821 y(tus)p 207 821 V 16 w(Read)p 316 821 V 14 w(Request)d(and)e(Device)p -691 821 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)g(bus)h(cycles)g(\(as)g(generated)h(b)o(y)e -Fu(PMOVE)f FC(and)i Fu(PMOVEM)p FC(,)d(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(,)150 -871 y(when)j(the)g Fx(D)k FC(bit)c(is)f(1\);)h(these)h(cycles)g(are)f(used)g -(to)g(obtain)f(status)h(information)d(and)j(to)f(e\013ect)i(some)e(con)o -(trol)150 921 y(op)q(erations.)150 1064 y Fz(3.11.1.1)48 b(XMG)478 -1060 y(-)492 1064 y(1)15 b(Device)p 675 1064 15 2 v 17 w(Status)p -826 1064 V 15 w(Request)g(F)l(unctions)150 1177 y FC(The)f(memory)e(resp)q -(onds)j(to)e(Device)p 740 1177 13 2 v 16 w(Status)p 871 1177 -V 15 w(Request)i(at)f(ev)o(en{n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)g(in{mo)q(dule)d(addresses)16 -b(0)e(through)150 1227 y(\(o)q(ctal\))g(76,)f(and)h(at)f(in{mo)q(dule)f -(address)j(1.)150 1312 y(Ev)o(en{n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)f(in{mo)q(dule)e -(addresses)k(0)d(through)h(76)g(resp)q(ond)h(as)f(follo)o(ws:)p -150 1577 1495 2 v 149 1576 2 150 v 150 1427 1495 2 v 1644 1576 -2 150 v 274 1588 2 13 v 398 1588 V 523 1588 V 647 1588 V 772 -1588 V 896 1597 2 21 v 1021 1588 2 13 v 1145 1588 V 1270 1588 -V 1394 1588 V 1519 1588 V 162 1606 a Fn(0)p 191 1576 2 150 -v -17 w(0)p 149 1576 V 160 1515 a FC(0)204 1606 y Fn(1)p 232 -1576 V -17 w(1)p 191 1576 V 202 1515 a FC(1)246 1606 y Fn(2)p -274 1576 V -17 w(2)p 232 1576 V 243 1515 a FC(0)453 1606 y -Fn(7)p 481 1526 2 100 v -183 w(3)p 274 1526 V 310 1487 a Fx(Subtyp)n(e)287 -1606 y Fn(3)p 315 1576 2 50 v -17 w(3)p 274 1576 V 285 1564 -a FC(0)329 1606 y Fn(4)p 357 1576 V -17 w(4)p 315 1576 V 326 -1564 a FC(0)370 1606 y Fn(5)p 398 1576 V -17 w(5)p 357 1576 -V 368 1564 a FC(0)412 1606 y Fn(6)p 440 1576 V -17 w(6)p 398 -1576 V 409 1564 a FC(0)453 1606 y Fn(7)p 481 1576 V -17 w(7)p -440 1576 V 451 1564 a FC(1)777 1606 y Fn(15)p 813 1576 2 150 -v -316 w(8)p 481 1576 V 638 1515 a FC(0)1109 1606 y Fn(23)p -1145 1576 V -325 w(16)p 813 1576 V 900 1495 a Fx(ID)h(R)o(OM)936 -1536 y(Data)1150 1606 y Fn(24)p 1187 1576 V -34 w(24)p 1145 -1576 V 1150 1465 a Ff(B)1155 1492 y(r)1154 1527 y(d)1154 1554 -y(y)1192 1606 y Fn(25)p 1228 1576 V -34 w(25)p 1187 1576 V -1191 1465 a Ff(A)1197 1492 y(r)1195 1527 y(d)1196 1554 y(y)1233 -1606 y Fn(26)p 1270 1576 V -34 w(26)p 1228 1576 V 1233 1477 -a Ff(B)1233 1513 y(T)1232 1548 y(O)1275 1606 y Fn(27)p 1311 -1576 V -34 w(27)p 1270 1576 V 1275 1477 a Ff(P)1275 1513 y(E)1274 -1548 y(D)1358 1606 y Fn(29)p 1394 1576 V -75 w(28)p 1311 1576 -V 1343 1515 a FC(0)1400 1606 y Fn(30)p 1436 1576 V -34 w(30)p -1394 1576 V 1403 1477 a Ff(3)1403 1511 y(2)1396 1546 y(M)1441 -1606 y Fn(31)p 1478 1576 V -34 w(31)p 1436 1576 V 1440 1475 -a Ff(D)1441 1510 y(C)1444 1544 y(4)1483 1606 y Fn(32)p 1519 -1576 V -34 w(32)p 1478 1576 V 1481 1474 a Ff(O)1489 1509 y(f)1484 -1551 y(L)1524 1606 y Fn(33)p 1561 1576 V -34 w(33)p 1519 1576 -V 1523 1482 a Ff(O)1526 1508 y(n)1525 1543 y(L)1566 1606 y -Fn(34)p 1602 1576 V -34 w(34)p 1561 1576 V 1560 1477 a Ff(W)1565 -1513 y(B)1566 1548 y(P)1607 1606 y Fn(35)p 1644 1576 V -34 -w(35)p 1602 1576 V 1606 1478 a Ff(R)1610 1514 y(d)1611 1540 -y(y)150 1744 y FC(The)c(memory)d(t)o(yp)q(e)k(co)q(de)f(pattern)h(010)e(\()p -Fu(MD\045TCP==:2)p FC(\))e(in)j(the)g(device)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(\014eld)e(\(bits) -h(0{2,)f Fu(DS\045TYP)p FC(\))g(together)150 1794 y(with)15 -b(the)i(subt)o(yp)q(e)g(co)q(de)f(00001)f(\()p Fu(MD\045MG1==:1)p -FC(\))e(in)j(the)g(device)h(subt)o(yp)q(e)f(\014eld)g(\(bits)g(3{7,)f -Fu(DS\045STY)p FC(\))g(iden)o(tify)150 1844 y(the)f(b)q(oard)g(as)g(the)h -(XMG)567 1840 y(-)578 1844 y(1)f(memory)d(t)o(yp)q(e.)150 1930 -y(The)j(other)h(status)g(bits)e(are)i(describ)q(ed)g(b)q(elo)o(w.)150 -1997 y Fx(ID)g(R)o(OM)150 2047 y(Data)373 1997 y FC(One)j(8{bit)e(b)o(yte)i -(of)f(data)g(from)e(the)j(32{b)o(yte)f(on{b)q(oard)g(ID)g(R)o(OM)g(is)h -(returned)h(in)d(this)i(\014eld)373 2047 y(\()p Fu(MD\045ROM==377B23)p -FC(\).)35 b(ID)21 b(R)o(OM)f(addresses)j(0)d(through)h(\(o)q(ctal\))f(37)h -(are)g(selected)h(b)o(y)f(ev)o(en{)373 2097 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)14 -b(in{mo)q(dule)d(addresses)16 b(0)e(through)g(\(o)q(ctal\))g(76,)f(resp)q -(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)373 2165 y(ID)c(R)o(OM)h(addresses)h(0,)f(1,)g(and)g(2)f -(\(accessed)j(b)o(y)e(in{mo)q(dule)d(addresses)12 b(0,)e(2,)g(and)g(4,)f -(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely\))373 2214 y(hold)16 b(the)h(three)h(b)o(ytes)g(of)e(the) -h(b)q(oard's)g(serial)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(where)i(address)g(0)e(rep)q(orts)j -(the)e(least{)373 2264 y(signi\014can)o(t)c(b)o(yte.)19 b(ID)13 -b(R)o(OM)h(address)h(3)e(through)h(37)g(are)g(reserv)o(ed.)150 -2362 y Fx(Br)n(dy)137 b FC(Memory)13 b(bank)g(B)i(is)e(ready)m(.)18 -b(\()p Fu(MD\045BRY==:1B24)p FC(\))150 2448 y Fx(A)o(r)n(dy)136 -b FC(Memory)13 b(bank)g(A)h(is)g(ready)m(.)k(\()p Fu(MD\045ARY==:1B25)p -FC(\))150 2533 y Fx(BTO)132 b FC(Busy)18 b(Timeout:)23 b(the)18 -b(busy)g(coun)o(ter)g(has)g(timed)e(out)h(while)g(the)h(memory)d(w)o(as)i -(attempting)f(a)373 2583 y(data)d(return.)20 b(\()p Fu(MD\045BTO==:1B26)p -FC(\))p eop -%%Page: 292 96 -292 95 bop 0 50 a FC(292)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y Fx(PED)136 b -FC(P)o(arit)o(y)13 b(Error)i(Detected.)20 b(\()p Fu(MD\045PED==:1B27)p -FC(\))0 281 y Fx(32M)144 b FC(Memory)12 b(capacit)o(y)g(is)h(32)g(M)g(w)o -(ords;)g(if)f(this)h(bit)f(is)h(zero,)g(the)h(memory)c(capacit)o(y)j(is)g(16) -f(M)h(w)o(ords.)223 330 y(\()p Fu(MD\04532==:1B30)p FC(\))0 -416 y Fx(DC4)141 b FC(Device)14 b(Con)o(trol)f(Bit)h(4.)k(Unassigned.)0 -502 y Fx(OfL)152 b FC(O\017ine.)19 b(This)14 b(\015ag)g(is)g(set)h(to)f(1)g -(b)o(y)g(the)h(system)f(con\014guration)g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(after)h(a)f(pro)q -(cessor)i(has)223 551 y(tested)f(this)f(memory)e(and)h(found)h(that)g(the)g -(memory)e(failed.)17 b(\()p Fu(MD\045OFL==:1B32)p FC(\))0 637 -y Fx(OnL)142 b FC(Online.)17 b(This)11 b(\015ag)f(is)h(set)h(to)f(1)g(b)o(y)f -(the)i(system)f(con\014guration)g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(after)g(it)g(has)g -(successfully)223 687 y(run)16 b(test)h(patterns)g(in)e(this)h(memory)m(.)k -(When)c(the)h(\015ag)e(is)g(set,)i(a)e(green)i(LED)f(\(visible)f(through)223 -737 y(the)d(mo)q(dule)f(co)o(v)o(er)h(panel\))g(will)f(b)q(e)h(on)g(to)g -(signify)e(that)i(the)h(b)q(oard)f(is)g(online.)k(\()p Fu(MD\045ONL==:1B33)p -FC(\))0 822 y Fx(WBP)125 b FC(W)m(rite)12 b(Bad)g(P)o(arit)o(y)m(.)k(When)d -(set)g(to)f(1,)g(the)h(memory)c(will)i(compute)h(bad)g(parit)o(y)f(bits)i -(for)e(the)i(data)223 872 y(w)o(ords)j(that)h(it)f(stores.)27 -b(While)16 b(set)h(to)f(1,)h(w)o(ords)f(read)h(from)e(memory)f(that)i(ha)o(v) -o(e)g(go)q(o)q(d)g(parit)o(y)223 922 y(cause)d(parit)o(y)e(errors;)j(w)o -(ords)e(read)g(from)e(memory)g(that)i(ha)o(v)o(e)f(bad)h(parit)o(y)f(are)i -(accepted)g(without)223 972 y(complain)o(t.)j(This)d(\015ag)h(is)f(in)o -(tended)i(for)f(memory)d(diagnostics)j(only)m(.)i(\()p Fu(MD\045WBP==:1B34)p -FC(\))0 1057 y Fx(R)n(dy)154 b FC(Ready)m(.)21 b(When)16 b(set)g(to)f(1,)g -(this)h(\015ag)f(signi\014es)g(that)g(P)o(o)o(w)o(er{on)g(reset)i(has)f(b)q -(een)g(completed)f(and)223 1107 y(the)f(memory)e(is)h(ready)m(.)18 -b(\()p Fu(MD\045RDY==:1B35)p FC(\))0 1210 y(The)10 b(XMG)185 -1206 y(-)196 1210 y(1)f(rep)q(orts)i(parit)o(y)e(error)h(information)c(in)j -(the)h(Error)g(Register,)g(at)f(in{mo)q(dule)e(address)k(1)e(\()p -Fu(.MDERR==:1)p FC(\).)0 1260 y(P)o(erforming)j(a)i(status)h(read)f(from)e -(address)j(1)f(clears)g(the)h Fx(PED)j FC(\(parit)o(y)c(error)h(detected\))h -(and)d(the)i Fx(BTO)i FC(\(bus)0 1310 y(timeout\))c(\015ags)g(\(whic)o(h)h -(are)h(rep)q(orted)g(at)f(address)h(0\).)p 0 1577 1495 2 v --1 1576 2 150 v 0 1428 1495 2 v 1494 1576 2 150 v 124 1589 -2 13 v 248 1589 V 373 1589 V 497 1589 V 622 1589 V 746 1597 -2 21 v 871 1589 2 13 v 995 1589 V 1120 1589 V 1244 1589 V 1369 -1589 V 137 1606 a Fn(3)p 165 1576 2 150 v -142 w(0)p -1 1576 -V 44 1495 a Fx(Slot)9 1536 y(Numb)n(er)345 1606 y Fn(8)p 373 -1576 V -183 w(4)p 165 1576 V 216 1487 a Fx(Cycle)223 1536 y(T)m(yp)n(e)1457 -1606 y Fn(35)p 1494 1576 V -1105 w(9)p 373 1576 V 836 1487 -a Fx(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(of)779 1536 y(Bad)h(Parity)g(Data)0 1727 -y(Slot)g(Numb)n(er)130 b FC(\()p Fu(MD\045ESN==:17B3)p FC(\))57 -b(Bac)o(kplane)19 b(slot)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f(the)h(device)h(to)f(whic)o -(h)g(bad)f(parit)o(y)355 1777 y(data)d(w)o(as)g(sen)o(t.)0 -1862 y Fx(Cycle)h(T)m(yp)n(e)156 b FC(\()p Fu(MD\045ECT==:37B8)p -FC(\))56 b(T)o(yp)q(e)16 b(of)f(bac)o(kplane)h(bus)h(cycle)g(in)e(whic)o(h)h -(the)h(bad)f(parit)o(y)f(data)355 1912 y(w)o(as)f(deliv)o(ered.)0 -1998 y Fx(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(of)0 2047 y(Bad)i(Parity)e(Data)355 -1998 y Fu(MD\045EMA==:777777777)49 b FC(This)10 b(\014eld)h(rep)q(orts)g(the) -g(in{mo)q(dule)e(address)j(of)d(the)i(reference)355 2047 y(that)j(found)g(a)f -(w)o(ord)h(that)g(has)g(bad)g(parit)o(y)m(.)0 2161 y(The)i(\014rst)g(parit)o -(y)e(error)j(that)e(is)g(disco)o(v)o(ered)h(causes)h(the)f(memory)d(to)i -(latc)o(h)g(the)h(information)c(rep)q(orted)17 b(here)0 2211 -y(and)c(to)h(set)g(the)g Fx(PED)k FC(\015ag)13 b(\(rep)q(orted)i(in)e(status) -h(w)o(ord)g(0\).)j(Subsequen)o(t)e(parit)o(y)e(errors)i(are)f(not)f(latc)o -(hed)h(un)o(til)0 2260 y Fx(PED)j FC(has)12 b(b)q(een)i(cleared)f(\(whic)o(h) -g(is)f(done)h(b)o(y)f(reading)g(the)h(error)g(register\).)19 -b(While)12 b Fx(PED)k FC(is)d(set,)g(parit)o(y)f(errors)0 2310 -y(are)i(still)f(rep)q(orted)j(to)d(recipien)o(ts)i(of)f(data)f(\(as)h -(explained)g(in)f FA(x)q FC(3.1\).)0 2396 y(The)h(least)g(signi\014can)o(t)f -(bit)h(of)f(the)h Fu(MD\045EMA)f FC(\014eld)g(is)h(misleading:)h(the)g -(memory)c(actually)i(stores)i(and)e(retriev)o(es)0 2446 y(72{bit)f(LongW)m -(ords.)17 b(If)d(a)f(parit)o(y)g(error)h(exists)g(in)f(a)h(LongW)m(ord,)d -(reading)j(from)e(either)i(of)f(the)h(t)o(w)o(o)f(addresses)0 -2495 y(that)18 b(refer)g(to)g(this)g(LongW)m(ord)e(will)g(set)j(the)f(error)g -(latc)o(h.)29 b(So,)18 b(the)h(least)e(signi\014can)o(t)h(address)g(bit)g -(re\015ects)0 2545 y(the)h(address)h(of)d(the)i(\014rst)g(reference)i(to)e -(the)f(LongW)m(ord,)g(it)g(do)q(es)h(not)g(indicate)f(whic)o(h)g(of)g(the)h -(t)o(w)o(o)f(w)o(ords)0 2595 y(con)o(tains)e(the)g(error.)25 -b(The)16 b(bus)g(parit)o(y)f(error)i(indication)e(o)q(ccurs)i(only)e(when)h -(transferring)g(the)h(actual)e(w)o(ord)p eop -%%Page: 293 97 -293 96 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.11.)31 b(XMG)372 46 y(-)383 50 y(1)14 -b(MEMOR)m(Y)g(SYSTEM)1088 b FC(293)150 195 y(that)14 b(con)o(tains)g(the)g -(parit)o(y)g(error.)150 339 y Fz(3.11.1.2)48 b(XMG)478 335 -y(-)492 339 y(1)15 b(Device)p 675 339 15 2 v 17 w(Con)o(trol)f(F)l(unctions) -150 451 y FC(The)g(XMG)339 447 y(-)351 451 y(1)g(resp)q(onds)h(to)f(the)g -(Device)p 802 451 13 2 v 16 w(Con)o(trol)f(function)g(at)h(address)h(0)f(\()p -Fu(.MDSTS==:0)p FC(\).)150 537 y(The)g(data)g(sen)o(t)h(to)e(the)i(memory)c -(should)j(b)q(e)g(in)g(the)g(follo)o(wing)e(form:)p 150 752 -1495 2 v 149 751 2 150 v 150 602 1495 2 v 1644 751 2 150 v -274 763 2 13 v 398 763 V 523 763 V 647 763 V 772 763 V 896 -771 2 21 v 1021 763 2 13 v 1145 763 V 1270 763 V 1394 763 V -1519 763 V 652 781 a Fn(12)p 689 751 2 150 v -524 w(0)p 149 -751 V 409 689 a FC(0)694 781 y Fn(13)p 730 751 V -34 w(13)p -689 751 V 694 654 a Ff(E)696 681 y(n)697 714 y(4)735 781 y -Fn(14)p 772 751 V -34 w(14)p 730 751 V 736 652 a Ff(E)736 687 -y(F)737 722 y(L)777 781 y Fn(15)p 813 751 V -34 w(15)p 772 -751 V 777 652 a Ff(E)776 687 y(O)778 722 y(L)818 781 y Fn(16)p -855 751 V -34 w(16)p 813 751 V 819 652 a Ff(E)818 687 y(B)819 -722 y(P)860 781 y Fn(17)p 896 751 V -34 w(17)p 855 751 V 860 -656 a Ff(E)862 683 y(n)859 718 y(R)1400 781 y Fn(30)p 1436 -751 V -533 w(18)p 896 751 V 1157 689 a FC(0)1441 781 y Fn(31)p -1478 751 V -34 w(31)p 1436 751 V 1440 650 a Ff(D)1441 685 y(C)1444 -719 y(4)1483 781 y Fn(32)p 1519 751 V -34 w(32)p 1478 751 V -1481 649 a Ff(O)1489 684 y(f)1484 726 y(L)1524 781 y Fn(33)p -1561 751 V -34 w(33)p 1519 751 V 1523 656 a Ff(O)1526 683 y(n)1525 -718 y(L)1566 781 y Fn(34)p 1602 751 V -34 w(34)p 1561 751 V -1560 652 a Ff(W)1565 687 y(B)1566 722 y(P)1607 781 y Fn(35)p -1644 751 V -34 w(35)p 1602 751 V 1606 670 a Ff(R)1606 705 y(R)150 -919 y FC(Bits)i(13{17)f(are)h(enables)h(for)e(bits)h(31{35,)e(resp)q(ectiv)o -(ely)m(.)19 b(The)c(signi\014cance)f(of)f(bits)h(31{35)f(is)h(as)g(follo)o -(ws:)150 987 y Fx(DC4)71 b FC(Device)23 b(Con)o(trol)f(\015ag)g(4)g(will)f(b) -q(e)i(set)h(if)e(b)q(oth)g Fx(DC4)29 b FC(\()p Fu(MD\045DC4==:1B31)p -FC(\))20 b(and)i Fx(En4)29 b FC(\(Enable)23 b(4,)303 1037 y -Fu(MD\045EN4==:1B13)p FC(\))14 b(are)j(set)g(to)g(1)f(in)g(a)h(Device)p -1060 1037 13 2 v 15 w(Con)o(trol)f(cycle)h(addressed)h(to)f(lo)q(cation)f(0.) -25 b(The)17 b(\015ag)303 1087 y(will)12 b(b)q(e)i(cleared)h(to)e(zero)h(if)f -Fx(DC4)19 b FC(is)14 b(zero)g(when)g Fx(En4)g FC(is)g(1)f(in)g(a)g(Device)p -1457 1087 V 16 w(Con)o(trol)g(cycle)h(addressed)h(to)303 1136 -y(lo)q(cation)e(0.)303 1204 y Fx(DC4)18 b FC(is)h(setable,)g(clearable,)g -(and)f(readable.)32 b(It)18 b(has)h(no)f(assigned)g(function)g(in)g(the)h -(device)g(or)f(in)303 1254 y(soft)o(w)o(are.)150 1339 y Fx(OfL)82 -b FC(O\017ine)14 b(will)f(b)q(e)i(set)g(if)f(b)q(oth)g Fx(OfL)g -FC(\()p Fu(MD\045OFL)p FC(\))f(and)i Fx(EFL)f FC(\(Enable)h(O\017ine,)f -Fu(MD\045EFL==:1B14)p FC(\))d(are)k(set)303 1389 y(to)h(1)f(in)h(a)f(Device)p -601 1389 V 16 w(Con)o(trol)g(cycle)i(addressed)g(to)f(lo)q(cation)f(0.)24 -b(The)16 b(\015ag)g(will)e(b)q(e)i(cleared)h(to)f(zero)h(if)303 -1439 y Fx(OfL)c FC(is)h(zero)h(when)f Fx(EFL)g FC(is)g(1)g(in)f(a)h(Device)p -1002 1439 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)f(cycle)i(addressed)h(to)d(lo)q(cation)g(0.)303 -1525 y(The)f(o\017ine)f(bit)g(is)h(setable,)g(clearable,)g(and)f(readable.)18 -b(Although)11 b(it)g(has)h(no)f(e\013ect)i(on)f(the)g(op)q(eration)303 -1574 y(of)k(the)h(memory)d(itself,)i(it)g(is)g(used)i(b)o(y)e(the)h -Fw(TDBoot)g FC(program)e(to)h(signal)f(that)i(the)g(memory)d(has)303 -1624 y(failed)f(one)h(of)f(its)h(tests.)150 1710 y Fx(OnL)72 -b FC(Online.)16 b(This)9 b(\015ag)g(will)f(b)q(e)i(set)g(if)f(b)q(oth)g -Fx(OnL)g FC(\()p Fu(MD\045ONL)p FC(\))g(and)g Fx(EOL)g FC(\(Enable)g(Online,) -h Fu(MD\045EOL==:1B15)p FC(\))303 1760 y(are)16 b(set)g(to)f(1)h(in)f(a)g -(Device)p 737 1760 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)g(cycle)h(addressed)h(to)f(lo)q(cation)e -(0.)23 b(The)16 b(\015ag)f(will)f(b)q(e)i(cleared)g(to)303 -1809 y(zero)e(if)e Fx(OnL)h FC(is)f(zero)i(when)g Fx(EOL)e -FC(is)h(1)g(in)f(a)h(Device)p 1132 1809 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)f(cycle)i -(addressed)h(to)d(lo)q(cation)g(0.)18 b(When)303 1859 y(the)e(\015ag)e(is)h -(set,)h(a)e(green)i(LED)f(\(visible)g(through)g(the)g(mo)q(dule)f(co)o(v)o -(er)h(panel\))g(will)f(b)q(e)i(on)e(to)h(signify)303 1909 y(that)f(the)g(b)q -(oard)g(is)g(online.)303 1995 y(The)h Fw(TDBoot)h FC(program)d(sets)k(this)e -(\015ag)f(in)h(the)h(memory)c(after)k(it)e(has)h(successfully)i(run)e(test)h -(pat-)303 2044 y(terns.)j(Other)c(soft)o(w)o(are)f(ma)o(y)e(clear)i(the)h -(\015ag)e(if)g(the)i(memory)c(is)j(found)f(to)h(b)q(e)h(failing.)150 -2130 y Fx(WBP)55 b FC(The)13 b(W)m(rite)g(Bad)g(P)o(arit)o(y)g(\015ag)f(will) -g(b)q(e)h(set)h(to)f(one)g(if)g(b)q(oth)g Fx(WBP)18 b FC(\()p -Fu(MD\045WBP)p FC(\))12 b(and)h Fx(EBP)18 b FC(\(Enable)13 -b(Bad)303 2180 y(P)o(arit)o(y)m(,)f Fu(MD\045EBP==:1B16)p FC(\))e(are)j(set)h -(to)f(1)f(in)h(a)f(Device)p 1167 2180 V 16 w(Con)o(trol)g(cycle)i(addressed)g -(to)f(lo)q(cation)f(0.)18 b(The)303 2230 y(\015ag)11 b(will)f(b)q(e)j -(cleared)f(to)g(zero)h(if)d Fx(WBP)17 b FC(is)12 b(zero)g(and)g -Fx(EBP)k FC(is)c(1)g(in)f(a)g(Device)p 1511 2230 V 16 w(Con)o(trol)g(cycle)h -(addressed)303 2279 y(to)i(lo)q(cation)f(0.)303 2365 y(When)g(this)g(\015ag)g -(is)g(set,)h(the)f(parit)o(y)g(bit)g(is)g(in)o(v)o(erted)g(on)g(write)h(op)q -(erations,)f(and)g(the)h(meaning)d(of)h(the)303 2415 y(parit)o(y)g(bit)g(is)g -(in)o(v)o(erted)g(on)g(read)h(op)q(erations.)18 b(Th)o(us,)12 -b(when)h(the)g(W)m(rite)e(Bad)i(P)o(arit)o(y)f(\015ag)f(is)h(set)i(in)d(the) -303 2465 y(memory)g(con)o(trol,)j(all)e(data)i(written)g(will)f(b)q(e)h -(stored)h(with)f(bad)f(parit)o(y)m(.)18 b(When)c(go)q(o)q(d)f(parit)o(y)h -(data)f(is)303 2514 y(read,)i(those)h(data)e(items)g(will)g(b)q(e)h(rep)q -(orted)i(as)e(parit)o(y)f(errors,)i(but)f(data)g(with)f(bad)h(parit)o(y)g -(will)e(not)303 2564 y(b)q(e)h(rep)q(orted.)20 b(This)14 b(con)o(trol)f -(\015ag)h(is)g(for)f(memory)e(diagnostic)j(purp)q(oses)h(only)m(.)p -eop -%%Page: 294 98 -294 97 bop 0 50 a FC(294)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y Fx(RR)93 b FC(When)18 -b(the)g(Reset)g(Request)h(\015ag)e(\()p Fu(MD\045RR==:1B35)p -FC(\))e(and)j Fx(EnR)i FC(\(Enable)e(Reset,)h Fu(MD\045ENR==:1B17)p -FC(\))153 245 y(are)13 b(b)q(oth)f(set)i(to)e(1)g(in)g(a)g(Device)p -665 245 13 2 v 16 w(Con)o(trol)f(cycle)i(addressed)i(to)d(lo)q(cation)f(0,)h -(the)h(memory)d(con)o(trol)i(will)153 295 y(reset)i(itself)e(to)h(its)f(p)q -(o)o(w)o(er{on)g(condition.)17 b(While)12 b(the)h(memory)d(is)i(resetting,)i -(the)f Fx(R)n(dy)k FC(\015ag)12 b(\()p Fu(MD\045RDY)p FC(,)153 -345 y(as)k(rep)q(orted)i(b)o(y)d(a)h(Device)p 594 345 V 15 -w(Status)p 724 345 V 16 w(Request)h(to)f(lo)q(cation)f(0\))h(will)e(b)q(e)j -(0)f(and)f(the)i(memory)d(will)g(not)153 394 y(resp)q(ond)h(normally;)c(when) -j(the)h(memory)c(has)j(\014nished)g(its)g(reset)i(pro)q(cess,)f -Fx(R)n(dy)j FC(will)13 b(b)q(e)h(1.)0 538 y Fz(3.11.1.3)48 -b(XMG)328 534 y(-)342 538 y(1)15 b(Resp)q(onse)g(to)g(Memory)h(Cycles)0 -650 y FC(The)e(XMG)189 646 y(-)201 650 y(1)f(memory)e(system)i(resp)q(onds)i -(as)f(a)f(memory)e(to)i(bus)h(cycles)h(of)e(the)h(t)o(yp)q(es)h(W)m(ord)p -1524 650 V 14 w(Read)p 1631 650 V 15 w(Request,)0 700 y(W)m(ord)p -102 700 V 14 w(W)m(rite,)e(Line)p 322 700 V 15 w(Read)p 430 -700 V 15 w(Request,)h(and)g(Line)p 775 700 V 15 w(W)m(rite.)0 -786 y(The)g(w)o(ord{mo)q(de)f(cycles)h(are)h(generated)g(b)o(y)e(the)h(cen)o -(tral)h(pro)q(cessor's)g Fu(PMOVE)e FC(and)g Fu(PMOVEM)g FC(instructions)h -(and)0 836 y(b)o(y)i(it)f(references)k(to)d(uncac)o(hed)h(pages.)24 -b(Also,)16 b(other)g(devices)h(\(e.g.,)f(the)g(net)o(w)o(ork)g(in)o -(terface\))h(ma)o(y)d(generate)0 885 y(these)h(cycle)g(t)o(yp)q(es.)0 -971 y(The)e(line{mo)q(de)d(cycles)k(are)e(generated)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(pro)q -(cessor)h(\(or)e(other)h(devices\))h(to)e(read)h(or)f(write)h(a)f(cac)o(he)h -(line.)0 1021 y(In)h(the)h(case)g(of)e(reading)h(a)g(cac)o(he)h(line,)e(the)i -(requesting)g(device)g(will)e(w)o(an)o(t)h(one)g(particular)g(w)o(ord)g -(\014rst,)g(so)g(the)0 1071 y(lo)o(w{order)h(address)h(bits)f(33{34)f(of)g -(the)i(desired)g(w)o(ord)f(are)g(presen)o(ted)j(to)c(the)i(memory)d(along)g -(with)i(the)h(rest)0 1120 y(of)f(the)g(address)i(in)e(a)g(Line)p -438 1120 V 15 w(Read)p 546 1120 V 14 w(Request,)h(and)f(the)h(memory's)d -(resp)q(onse)k(will)d(send)i(the)g(requested)h(double)0 1170 -y(w)o(ord)d(\014rst)g(and)g(then)h(cycle)f(through)g(the)h(other)f(three)h -(double)f(w)o(ords.)0 1314 y Fz(3.11.1.4)48 b(XMG)328 1310 -y(-)342 1314 y(1)15 b(Initializati)o(on)0 1426 y FC(The)f(XMG)189 -1422 y(-)201 1426 y(1)g(con)o(tains)f(a)h(v)o(ery)g(limited)e(state{mac)o -(hine;)h(it)g(do)q(es)i(not)e(do)h(m)o(uc)o(h)f(initialization.)0 -1512 y(The)19 b(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)i(memory)d(at)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er{up)i -(are)f(unde\014ned;)j(it)d(is)g(completely)f(plausible)g(that)h(memory)0 -1562 y(con)o(tains)c(bad)g(parit)o(y)f(data.)18 b(On)c(p)q(o)o(w)o(er{up,)f -Fw(TDBoot)i FC(usually)e(tests)i(and)f(clears)g(memory)m(.)0 -1714 y Fy(3.11.2)55 b(The)19 b(XMG)456 1710 y(-)472 1714 y(3)g(Memory)d -(Board)0 1826 y FC(The)h(XMG)192 1822 y(-)203 1826 y(3)f(memory)e(b)q(oard)j -(is)f(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(in)i(v)n(arying)f(capacities)i(from)d(64)i(millio)o -(n)e(36{bit)h(w)o(ords)i(to)f(512)0 1876 y(millio)o(n)11 b(w)o(ords,)j(dep)q -(endending)h(on)f(ho)o(w)f(man)o(y)f(64)i(Mw)f(memory)f(banks)i(are)g -(installed)f(on)h(the)h(b)q(oard.)0 1961 y(The)h(XMG)191 1957 -y(-)202 1961 y(3)f(resp)q(onds)h(to)f(Line)p 544 1961 V 15 -w(Read)p 652 1961 V 15 w(Request,)h(Line)p 918 1961 V 15 w(W)m(rite,)e(W)m -(ord)p 1161 1961 V 14 w(Read)p 1268 1961 V 15 w(Request,)i(W)m(ord)p -1555 1961 V 14 w(W)m(rite,)f(Long-)0 2011 y(W)m(ord)p 102 2011 -V 14 w(Read)p 209 2011 V 15 w(Request,)j(and)f(LongW)m(ord)p -673 2011 V 13 w(W)m(rite)g(bus)g(cycles;)i(these)f(cycles)g(are)f(used)h(for) -f(the)g(usual)g(storage)0 2061 y(transfers.)33 b(The)19 b(XMG)394 -2057 y(-)405 2061 y(3)f(also)g(resp)q(onds)i(to)e(Status)p -881 2061 V 16 w(Read)p 990 2061 V 15 w(Request)h(and)f(Device)p -1373 2061 V 16 w(Con)o(trol)f(bus)i(cycles)h(\(as)0 2111 y(generated)c(b)o(y) -e Fu(PMOVE)f FC(and)h Fu(PMOVEM)p FC(,)e(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(,)j(when)g(the) -g Fx(D)j FC(bit)c(is)g(1\);)g(these)i(cycles)f(are)f(used)i(to)e(obtain)0 -2161 y(status)h(information)c(and)i(to)h(e\013ect)i(con)o(trol)d(op)q -(erations.)0 2304 y Fz(3.11.2.1)48 b(XMG)328 2300 y(-)342 2304 -y(3)15 b(Device)p 525 2304 15 2 v 17 w(Status)p 676 2304 V -15 w(Request)g(F)l(unctions)0 2417 y FC(The)f(memory)e(resp)q(onds)j(to)e -(Device)p 590 2417 13 2 v 16 w(Status)p 721 2417 V 15 w(Request)i(at)f(ev)o -(en{n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)g(in{mo)q(dule)d(addresses)16 b(0)e(through)0 -2466 y(\(o)q(ctal\))g(76,)f(and)h(at)f(in{mo)q(dule)f(address)j(1.)0 -2552 y(Ev)o(en{n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)f(in{mo)q(dule)e(addresses)k(0)d(through)h -(76)g(resp)q(ond)h(as)f(follo)o(ws:)p eop -%%Page: 295 99 -295 98 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.11.)31 b(XMG)372 46 y(-)383 50 y(1)14 -b(MEMOR)m(Y)g(SYSTEM)1088 b FC(295)p 150 387 1495 2 v 149 386 -2 167 v 150 221 1495 2 v 1644 386 2 167 v 274 399 2 13 v 398 -399 V 523 399 V 647 399 V 772 399 V 896 407 2 21 v 1021 399 -2 13 v 1145 399 V 1270 399 V 1394 399 V 1519 399 V 162 416 -a Fn(0)p 191 386 2 167 v -17 w(0)p 149 386 V 160 316 a FC(0)204 -416 y Fn(1)p 232 386 V -17 w(1)p 191 386 V 202 316 a FC(1)246 -416 y Fn(2)p 274 386 V -17 w(2)p 232 386 V 243 316 a FC(0)453 -416 y Fn(7)p 481 336 2 117 v -183 w(3)p 274 336 V 310 289 a -Fx(Subtyp)n(e)287 416 y Fn(3)p 315 386 2 50 v -17 w(3)p 274 -386 V 285 375 a FC(0)329 416 y Fn(4)p 357 386 V -17 w(4)p 315 -386 V 326 375 a FC(0)370 416 y Fn(5)p 398 386 V -17 w(5)p 357 -386 V 368 375 a FC(0)412 416 y Fn(6)p 440 386 V -17 w(6)p 398 -386 V 409 375 a FC(1)453 416 y Fn(7)p 481 386 V -17 w(7)p 440 -386 V 451 375 a FC(1)495 416 y Fn(8)p 523 386 2 167 v -17 w(8)p -481 386 V 492 316 a FC(1)536 416 y Fn(9)p 564 386 V -17 w(9)p -523 386 V 534 316 a FC(1)569 416 y Fn(10)p 606 386 V -34 w(10)p -564 386 V 575 316 a FC(1)611 416 y Fn(11)p 647 386 V -34 w(11)p -606 386 V 617 316 a FC(1)652 416 y Fn(12)p 689 386 V -34 w(12)p -647 386 V 659 316 a FC(1)694 416 y Fn(13)p 730 386 V -34 w(13)p -689 386 V 700 316 a FC(1)735 416 y Fn(14)p 772 386 V -34 w(14)p -730 386 V 742 316 a FC(1)777 416 y Fn(15)p 813 386 V -34 w(15)p -772 386 V 779 261 a Fx(B)782 291 y(n)784 333 y(k)779 373 y(P)1109 -416 y Fn(23)p 1145 386 V -325 w(16)p 813 386 V 900 297 a Fx(ID)15 -b(R)o(OM)936 338 y(Data)1150 416 y Fn(24)p 1187 386 V -34 w(24)p -1145 386 V 1151 267 a Ff(F)1150 302 y(B)1156 329 y(s)1154 355 -y(y)1192 416 y Fn(25)p 1228 386 V -34 w(25)p 1187 386 V 1191 -262 a Ff(D)1191 298 y(R)1195 333 y(d)1196 360 y(y)1233 416 -y Fn(26)p 1270 386 V -34 w(26)p 1228 386 V 1233 279 a Ff(B)1233 -314 y(T)1232 350 y(O)1275 416 y Fn(27)p 1311 386 V -34 w(27)p -1270 386 V 1275 279 a Ff(P)1275 314 y(E)1274 350 y(D)1317 416 -y Fn(28)p 1353 386 V -34 w(28)p 1311 386 V 1315 277 a Ff(D)1316 -312 y(C)1320 346 y(7)1358 416 y Fn(29)p 1394 386 V -34 w(29)p -1353 386 V 1357 276 a Ff(O)1365 311 y(f)1359 353 y(L)1400 416 -y Fn(30)p 1436 386 V -34 w(30)p 1394 386 V 1398 283 a Ff(O)1402 -310 y(n)1401 345 y(L)1441 416 y Fn(31)p 1478 386 V -34 w(31)p -1436 386 V 1440 277 a Ff(D)1441 312 y(C)1444 346 y(4)1483 416 -y Fn(32)p 1519 386 V -34 w(32)p 1478 386 V 1477 262 a Ff(W)1482 -297 y(B)1483 333 y(P)1486 366 y(2)1524 416 y Fn(33)p 1561 386 -V -34 w(33)p 1519 386 V 1519 262 a Ff(W)1524 297 y(B)1524 333 -y(P)1527 366 y(1)1566 416 y Fn(34)p 1602 386 V -34 w(34)p 1561 -386 V 1560 262 a Ff(W)1565 297 y(B)1566 333 y(P)1569 366 y(0)1607 -416 y Fn(35)p 1644 386 V -34 w(35)p 1602 386 V 1606 280 a Ff(R)1610 -316 y(d)1611 342 y(y)150 555 y FC(The)i(memory)d(t)o(yp)q(e)j(co)q(de)g -(pattern)h(010)d(\()p Fu(MD\045TCP)p FC(\))h(in)g(the)h(device)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g -(\014eld)g(\(bits)g(0{2,)f Fu(DS\045TYP)p FC(\))f(together)150 -604 y(with)g(the)i(subt)o(yp)q(e)g(co)q(de)f(00011)f(\()p Fu(MD\045MG3==:3)p -FC(\))e(in)j(the)g(device)h(subt)o(yp)q(e)f(\014eld)g(\(bits)g(3{7,)f -Fu(DS\045STY)p FC(\))g(iden)o(tify)150 654 y(the)f(b)q(oard)g(as)g(the)h(XMG) -567 650 y(-)578 654 y(3)f(memory)d(t)o(yp)q(e.)150 740 y(The)j(other)h -(status)g(bits)e(are)i(describ)q(ed)g(b)q(elo)o(w.)150 808 -y(Bits)f(8{14)52 b(These)15 b(bits)f(rep)q(ort)h(a)f(pattern)h(unique)f(to)g -(the)g(DRAM)g(part)g(that)g(is)g(installed)f(in)h(the)g(bank)g(\(at)373 -857 y(p)q(osition)f(0{1\).)k(The)e(exp)q(ected)h(v)n(alue)d(is)h(all)e(1s.) -150 943 y Fx(BnkP)124 b FC(Bank)15 b(Presen)o(t)h(\()p Fu(M3\045BKP==:1B15)p -FC(\):)h(if)d(this)g(bit)h(is)f(zero)i(it)e(signi\014es)h(that)f(the)i -(memory)c(bank)i(is)373 993 y(presen)o(t.)k(Bank)11 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(0)f -(through)h(7)f(are)h(selected)i(b)o(y)d(ev)o(en{n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)h(in{mo)q -(dule)e(addresses)373 1043 y(0)16 b(through)g(\(o)q(ctal\))h(16,)f(resp)q -(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)27 b(If)16 b(this)g(bit)g(is)h(one,)f(the)h(bank)g(is)f -(absen)o(t.)26 b(\(Address)18 b(20)373 1092 y(rep)q(eats)d(the)g(bank)e(data) -h(for)g(address)h(0,)e(etc.\))373 1178 y(Although)e(it)g(is)g(p)q(ossible)h -(to)f(p)q(opulate)g(the)h(b)q(oard)g(with)f(DRAMs)g(arranged)h(in)f -(non{consecutiv)o(e)373 1228 y(banks,)k(soft)o(w)o(are)h(constrain)o(ts)g -(mandate)f(the)h(presence)i(of)d(bank)g(0)g(and)h(do)f(not)g(allo)o(w)f(the)i -(uti-)373 1278 y(lization)c(of)i(non{consecutiv)o(e)h(banks.)373 -1363 y(A)d(bank)f(requires)i(t)o(w)o(o)e(DRAMs,)g(designated)i(0{1)e(and)g -(2{3)g(\(corresp)q(onding)i(to)e(the)h(least)g(signif-)373 -1413 y(ican)o(t)i(t)o(w)o(o)h(address)g(bits)g(of)f(the)i(w)o(ords)f(that)f -(they)i(store\).)21 b Fx(BnkP)f FC(actually)14 b(rep)q(orts)i(the)f(status) -373 1463 y(of)h(the)i(0{1)e(DRAM.)g(If)h(that)g(DRAM)g(is)g(presen)o(t,)i -(the)e(memory)e(rep)q(orts)k(the)e(en)o(tire)h(bank)f(as)373 -1512 y(presen)o(t.)i(\(If)12 b(the)g(DRAM)g(2{3)f(for)h(that)g(bank)g(is)g -(absen)o(t,)g(w)o(ords)h(at)f(addresses)i(ending)e(in)f(binary)373 -1562 y(10)i(and)h(11)f(will)g(not)g(w)o(ork.\))150 1648 y Fx(ID)i(R)o(OM)150 -1698 y(Data)373 1648 y FC(One)j(8{bit)e(b)o(yte)i(of)f(data)g(from)e(the)j -(32{b)o(yte)f(on{b)q(oard)g(ID)g(R)o(OM)g(is)h(returned)h(in)d(this)i -(\014eld)373 1698 y(\()p Fu(MD\045ROM)p FC(\).)c(ID)h(R)o(OM)g(addresses)j(0) -d(through)g(\(o)q(ctal\))h(37)f(are)g(selected)j(b)o(y)d(ev)o(en{n)o(um)o(b)q -(ered)h(in{)373 1747 y(mo)q(dule)c(addresses)k(0)e(through)g(\(o)q(ctal\))g -(76,)f(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)373 1815 y(ID)c(R)o(OM)h(addresses)h(0,)f(1,)g -(and)g(2)f(\(accessed)j(b)o(y)e(in{mo)q(dule)d(addresses)12 -b(0,)e(2,)g(and)g(4,)f(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely\))373 1865 y(hold)16 -b(the)h(three)h(b)o(ytes)g(of)e(the)h(b)q(oard's)g(serial)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,) -f(where)i(address)g(0)e(rep)q(orts)j(the)e(least{)373 1915 -y(signi\014can)o(t)c(b)o(yte.)19 b(ID)13 b(R)o(OM)h(address)h(3)e(through)h -(37)g(are)g(reserv)o(ed.)150 2013 y Fx(FBsy)130 b FC(Flash)13 -b(card)i(is)f(busy)g(\(or)g(absen)o(t\).)19 b(\()p Fu(M3\045FBY==:1B24)p -FC(\))150 2098 y Fx(DR)n(dy)123 b FC(DRAM)13 b(Ready)h(after)g(p)q(o)o(w)o -(er)g(up.)k(\()p Fu(M3\045DRY==:1B25)p FC(\))150 2184 y Fx(BTO)132 -b FC(Busy)18 b(Timeout:)23 b(the)18 b(busy)g(coun)o(ter)g(has)g(timed)e(out)h -(while)g(the)h(memory)d(w)o(as)i(attempting)f(a)373 2234 y(data)d(return.)20 -b(\()p Fu(MD\045BTO)p FC(\))150 2319 y Fx(PED)136 b FC(P)o(arit)o(y)13 -b(Error)i(Detected.)20 b(Set)14 b(if)f(the)i(memory)c(has)j(detected)i(a)e -(parit)o(y)f(error.)19 b(\()p Fu(MD\045PED)p FC(\))150 2405 -y Fx(DC7)141 b FC(Device)14 b(Con)o(trol)f(Bit)h(7.)k(Unassigned.)150 -2490 y Fx(OfL)152 b FC(O\017ine.)19 b(This)14 b(\015ag)g(is)g(set)h(to)f(1)g -(b)o(y)g(the)h(system)f(con\014guration)g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(after)h(a)f(pro)q -(cessor)i(has)373 2540 y(tested)f(this)f(memory)e(and)h(found)h(that)g(the)g -(memory)e(failed.)17 b(\()p Fu(M3\045OFL==:1B29)p FC(\))150 -2626 y Fx(OnL)142 b FC(Online.)17 b(This)11 b(\015ag)f(is)h(set)h(to)f(1)g(b) -o(y)f(the)i(system)f(con\014guration)g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(after)g(it)g(has)g -(successfully)p eop -%%Page: 296 100 -296 99 bop 0 50 a FC(296)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)223 195 y FC(run)i(test)h(patterns)g -(in)e(this)h(memory)m(.)k(When)c(the)h(\015ag)e(is)g(set,)i(a)e(green)i(LED)f -(\(visible)f(through)223 245 y(the)d(mo)q(dule)f(co)o(v)o(er)h(panel\))g -(will)f(b)q(e)h(on)g(to)g(signify)e(that)i(the)h(b)q(oard)f(is)g(online.)k -(\()p Fu(M3\045ONL==:1B30)p FC(\))0 330 y Fx(DC4)141 b FC(Device)14 -b(Con)o(trol)f(Bit)h(4.)k(Unassigned.)0 416 y Fx(WBPn)102 b -FC(W)m(rite)12 b(Bad)g(P)o(arit)o(y)f(\(b)o(ytes)i(0,)f(1,)g(and)g(2\).)17 -b(F)m(or)12 b(the)h(purp)q(ose)g(of)f(parit)o(y)f(computation,)f(eac)o(h)j(w) -o(ord)223 466 y(in)f(memory)f(is)i(divided)f(in)o(to)g(three)j(12{bit)c(b)o -(ytes,)j(eac)o(h)f(b)o(yte)h(ha)o(ving)d(its)i(o)o(wn)g(parit)o(y)f(bit.)18 -b(Eac)o(h)223 516 y(of)13 b(these)i(\015ags)f(con)o(trols)g(the)h(sense)g(of) -f(the)g(parit)o(y)f(bit)h(for)f(one)i(b)o(yte)f(of)f(eac)o(h)h(w)o(ord)g(in)g -(memory)m(.)223 601 y(When)g(one)g(of)g(these)h(\015ags)f(is)g(set)h(to)e(1,) -h(the)g(memory)e(will)g(compute)i(and)g(store)g(a)g(\\bad")f(parit)o(y)223 -651 y(bit)18 b(corresp)q(onding)h(to)g(the)g(data)f(b)o(yte)h(that)f(it)g -(stores.)33 b(While)18 b(one)g(of)g(these)i(\015ags)e(is)h(set)g(to)223 -701 y(1,)g(a)g(b)o(yte)g(read)h(from)d(memory)f(that)j(has)h(\\go)q(o)q(d")e -(parit)o(y)g(will)g(cause)i(a)e(parit)o(y)h(error)h(to)e(b)q(e)223 -751 y(rep)q(orted,)k(and)e(a)f(b)o(yte)h(read)h(from)d(memory)f(that)j(has)g -(\\bad")f(parit)o(y)g(is)h(accepted)h(without)223 800 y(complain)o(t.)30 -b(These)20 b(\015ags)f(are)g(in)o(tended)g(for)g(memory)d(diagnostics)j(only) -m(.)31 b(\()p Fu(M3\045WB0==:1B34)p FC(;)223 850 y Fu(M3\045WB1==:1B33)p -FC(;)10 b Fu(M3\045WB2==:1B32)p FC(\))223 936 y Fx(WBP0)23 -b FC(con)o(trols)17 b(the)g(parit)o(y)f(for)g(bits)g(0{11)g(of)g(a)g(memory)e -(w)o(ord.)26 b Fx(WBP1)d FC(is)16 b(for)g(bits)h(12{23;)223 -986 y Fx(WBP2)j FC(is)14 b(for)g(bits)g(24{35.)0 1071 y Fx(R)n(dy)154 -b FC(Ready)m(.)21 b(When)16 b(set)g(to)f(1,)g(this)h(\015ag)f(signi\014es)g -(that)g(P)o(o)o(w)o(er{on)g(reset)i(has)f(b)q(een)g(completed)f(and)223 -1121 y(the)f(memory)e(is)h(ready)m(.)18 b(If)c(0,)f(reset)j(is)d(stuc)o(k.)19 -b(\()p Fu(MD\045RDY)p FC(\))0 1224 y(The)14 b(XMG)189 1220 -y(-)200 1224 y(3)f(rep)q(orts)i(parit)o(y)d(error)i(information)d(at)i(in{mo) -q(dule)e(address)j(1)f(\()p Fu(.MDERR)p FC(\).)f(P)o(erforming)f(a)i(status)0 -1274 y(read)g(from)d(address)j(1)f(clears)h(the)g Fx(PED)k -FC(\(parit)o(y)11 b(error)i(detected\))i(and)d(the)h Fx(BTO)i -FC(\(bus)e(timeout\))e(\015ags)h(\(whic)o(h)0 1324 y(are)i(rep)q(orted)i(at)d -(address)j(0\).)p 0 1591 1495 2 v -1 1590 2 150 v 0 1442 1495 -2 v 1494 1590 2 150 v 124 1603 2 13 v 248 1603 V 373 1603 V -497 1603 V 622 1603 V 746 1611 2 21 v 871 1603 2 13 v 995 1603 -V 1120 1603 V 1244 1603 V 1369 1603 V 137 1620 a Fn(3)p 165 -1590 2 150 v -142 w(0)p -1 1590 V 44 1509 a Fx(Slot)9 1551 -y(Numb)n(er)179 1620 y Fn(4)p 207 1590 V -17 w(4)p 165 1590 -V 168 1491 a Fx(T)173 1521 y(y)172 1568 y(0)220 1620 y Fn(5)p -248 1590 V -17 w(5)p 207 1590 V 209 1491 a Fx(T)214 1521 y(y)214 -1568 y(3)262 1620 y Fn(6)p 290 1590 V -17 w(6)p 248 1590 V -251 1487 a Fx(T)256 1517 y(y)255 1564 y(4)1457 1620 y Fn(35)p -1494 1590 V -1188 w(7)p 290 1590 V 794 1501 a Fx(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(of)737 -1551 y(Bad)h(Parity)e(Data)0 1741 y(Slot)h(Numb)n(er)130 b -FC(\()p Fu(MD\045ESN)p FC(\))41 b(Bac)o(kplane)17 b(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -(of)g(the)h(device)h(to)f(whic)o(h)g(bad)f(parit)o(y)h(data)f(w)o(as)355 -1791 y(sen)o(t.)0 1876 y Fx(Cycle)f(T)m(yp)n(e)156 b FC(\()p -Fu(M3\045ECT==:7B6)p FC(\))40 b(The)13 b(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)g(bac)o(kplane)f -(bus)h(cycle)h(in)e(whic)o(h)h(the)g(bad)g(parit)o(y)f(data)355 -1926 y(w)o(as)k(deliv)o(ered.)25 b(Bit)16 b(4)g(records)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g(bit)e -(0;)i(bits)f(5)f(and)h(6)g(record)h(t)o(yp)q(e)f(bits)g(3)g(and)g(4,)355 -1976 y(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)0 2061 y Fx(A)n(ddr)n(ess)e(of)0 -2111 y(Bad)i(Parity)e(Data)355 2061 y Fu(M3\045EMA==:3777777777)53 -b FC(This)15 b(\014eld)h(rep)q(orts)g(the)g(in{mo)q(dule)d(address)k(of)d -(the)i(refer-)355 2111 y(ence)g(that)e(found)f(a)h(w)o(ord)f(that)h(has)g -(bad)g(parit)o(y)m(.)0 2225 y(The)i(\014rst)g(parit)o(y)e(error)j(that)e(is)g -(disco)o(v)o(ered)h(causes)h(the)f(memory)d(to)i(latc)o(h)g(the)h -(information)c(rep)q(orted)17 b(here)0 2275 y(and)c(to)h(set)g(the)g -Fx(PED)k FC(\015ag)13 b(\(rep)q(orted)i(in)e(status)h(w)o(ord)g(0\).)j -(Subsequen)o(t)e(parit)o(y)e(errors)i(are)f(not)f(latc)o(hed)h(un)o(til)0 -2324 y Fx(PED)k FC(has)c(b)q(een)g(cleared)h(\(whic)o(h)e(is)g(done)h(b)o(y)f -(reading)h(the)g(error)g(register\);)g(while)f Fx(PED)18 b -FC(is)c(set,)g(parit)o(y)f(errors)0 2374 y(are)h(still)f(rep)q(orted)j(to)d -(recipien)o(ts)i(of)f(data)f(\(as)h(explained)g(in)f FA(x)q -FC(3.1\).)0 2460 y(The)h(least)g(signi\014can)o(t)f(bit)h(of)f(the)h -Fu(M3\045EMA)f FC(\014eld)g(is)h(misleading:)h(the)g(memory)c(actually)i -(stores)i(and)e(retriev)o(es)0 2510 y(72{bit)f(LongW)m(ords.)17 -b(If)d(a)f(parit)o(y)g(error)h(exists)g(in)f(a)h(LongW)m(ord,)d(reading)j -(from)e(either)i(of)f(the)h(t)o(w)o(o)f(addresses)0 2559 y(that)18 -b(refer)g(to)g(this)g(LongW)m(ord)e(will)g(set)j(the)f(error)g(latc)o(h.)29 -b(So,)18 b(the)h(least)e(signi\014can)o(t)h(address)g(bit)g(re\015ects)0 -2609 y(the)h(address)h(of)d(the)i(\014rst)g(reference)i(to)e(the)f(LongW)m -(ord,)g(it)g(do)q(es)h(not)g(indicate)f(whic)o(h)g(of)g(the)h(t)o(w)o(o)f(w)o -(ords)p eop -%%Page: 297 101 -297 100 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.11.)31 b(XMG)372 46 y(-)383 50 y(1)14 -b(MEMOR)m(Y)g(SYSTEM)1088 b FC(297)150 195 y(con)o(tains)16 -b(the)g(error.)25 b(The)16 b(bus)g(parit)o(y)f(error)i(indication)e(o)q -(ccurs)i(only)e(when)h(transferring)g(the)h(actual)e(w)o(ord)150 -245 y(that)f(con)o(tains)g(the)g(parit)o(y)g(error.)150 385 -y Fz(3.11.2.2)48 b(XMG)478 381 y(-)492 385 y(3)15 b(Device)p -675 385 15 2 v 17 w(Con)o(trol)f(F)l(unctions)150 498 y FC(The)g(XMG)339 -494 y(-)351 498 y(3)g(resp)q(onds)h(to)f(the)g(Device)p 802 -498 13 2 v 16 w(Con)o(trol)f(function)g(at)h(address)h(0)f(\()p -Fu(.MDSTS==:0)p FC(\).)150 583 y(The)g(data)g(sen)o(t)h(to)e(the)i(memory)c -(should)j(b)q(e)g(in)g(the)g(follo)o(wing)e(form:)p 150 798 -1495 2 v 149 797 2 150 v 150 649 1495 2 v 1644 797 2 150 v -274 810 2 13 v 398 810 V 523 810 V 647 810 V 772 810 V 896 -818 2 21 v 1021 810 2 13 v 1145 810 V 1270 810 V 1394 810 V -1519 810 V 536 827 a Fn(9)p 564 797 2 150 v -391 w(0)p 149 -797 V 347 736 a FC(0)569 827 y Fn(10)p 606 797 V -34 w(10)p -564 797 V 570 700 a Ff(E)572 727 y(n)573 761 y(7)611 827 y -Fn(11)p 647 797 V -34 w(11)p 606 797 V 611 699 a Ff(E)612 734 -y(F)612 769 y(L)652 827 y Fn(12)p 689 797 V -34 w(12)p 647 -797 V 653 699 a Ff(E)651 734 y(O)654 769 y(L)694 827 y Fn(13)p -730 797 V -34 w(13)p 689 797 V 694 700 a Ff(E)696 727 y(n)697 -761 y(4)735 827 y Fn(14)p 772 797 V -34 w(14)p 730 797 V 736 -682 a Ff(E)735 717 y(B)736 752 y(P)739 786 y(2)777 827 y Fn(15)p -813 797 V -34 w(15)p 772 797 V 777 682 a Ff(E)777 717 y(B)777 -752 y(P)780 786 y(1)818 827 y Fn(16)p 855 797 V -34 w(16)p -813 797 V 819 682 a Ff(E)818 717 y(B)819 752 y(P)822 786 y(0)860 -827 y Fn(17)p 896 797 V -34 w(17)p 855 797 V 860 703 a Ff(E)862 -730 y(n)859 765 y(R)1275 827 y Fn(27)p 1311 797 V -408 w(18)p -896 797 V 1094 736 a FC(0)1317 827 y Fn(28)p 1353 797 V -34 -w(28)p 1311 797 V 1315 696 a Ff(D)1316 731 y(C)1320 765 y(7)1358 -827 y Fn(29)p 1394 797 V -34 w(29)p 1353 797 V 1357 695 a Ff(O)1365 -731 y(f)1359 772 y(L)1400 827 y Fn(30)p 1436 797 V -34 w(30)p -1394 797 V 1398 703 a Ff(O)1402 730 y(n)1401 765 y(L)1441 827 -y Fn(31)p 1478 797 V -34 w(31)p 1436 797 V 1440 696 a Ff(D)1441 -731 y(C)1444 765 y(4)1483 827 y Fn(32)p 1519 797 V -34 w(32)p -1478 797 V 1477 682 a Ff(W)1482 717 y(B)1483 752 y(P)1486 786 -y(2)1524 827 y Fn(33)p 1561 797 V -34 w(33)p 1519 797 V 1519 -682 a Ff(W)1524 717 y(B)1524 752 y(P)1527 786 y(1)1566 827 -y Fn(34)p 1602 797 V -34 w(34)p 1561 797 V 1560 682 a Ff(W)1565 -717 y(B)1566 752 y(P)1569 786 y(0)1607 827 y Fn(35)p 1644 797 -V -34 w(35)p 1602 797 V 1606 716 a Ff(R)1606 751 y(R)150 966 -y FC(Bits)i(10{17)f(are)h(enables)h(for)e(bits)h(28{35,)e(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely) -m(.)19 b(The)c(signi\014cance)f(of)f(bits)h(28{35)f(is)h(as)g(follo)o(ws:)150 -1033 y Fx(DC7)93 b FC(Device)22 b(Con)o(trol)e(\015ag)g(7)h(will)e(b)q(e)j -(set)g(if)e(b)q(oth)h Fx(DC7)27 b FC(\()p Fu(M3\045DC7==:1B28)p -FC(\))18 b(and)j Fx(En7)28 b FC(\(Enable)21 b(7,)325 1083 y -Fu(M3\045EN7==:1B10)p FC(\))13 b(are)i(set)h(to)g(1)e(in)h(a)g(Device)p -1072 1083 13 2 v 15 w(Con)o(trol)g(cycle)h(addressed)h(to)e(lo)q(cation)f(0.) -22 b(The)15 b(\015ag)325 1133 y(will)f(b)q(e)i(cleared)g(to)f(zero)h(if)e -Fx(DC7)21 b FC(is)15 b(zero)h(when)g Fx(En7)g FC(is)f(1)g(in)f(a)h(Device)p -1504 1133 V 16 w(Con)o(trol)f(cycle)i(addressed)325 1183 y(to)e(lo)q(cation)f -(0.)325 1251 y Fx(DC7)k FC(is)g(setable,)h(clearable,)g(and)f(readable.)27 -b(It)17 b(has)h(no)e(assigned)i(function)e(in)h(the)h(device)f(or)g(in)325 -1300 y(soft)o(w)o(are.)150 1386 y Fx(OfL)104 b FC(O\017ine)13 -b(will)e(b)q(e)i(set)h(if)e(b)q(oth)h Fx(OfL)f FC(\()p Fu(M3\045OFL)p -FC(\))g(and)g Fx(EFL)h FC(\(Enable)g(O\017ine,)g Fu(M3\045EFL==:1B11)p -FC(\))d(are)j(set)325 1436 y(to)i(1)f(in)g(a)h(Device)p 619 -1436 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)f(cycle)i(addressed)g(to)f(lo)q(cation)f(0.)20 -b(The)15 b(\015ag)f(will)g(b)q(e)h(cleared)h(to)e(zero)i(if)325 -1486 y Fx(OfL)e FC(is)f(zero)i(when)f Fx(EFL)h FC(is)e(1)h(in)f(a)h(Device)p -1024 1486 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)g(cycle)g(addressed)i(to)e(lo)q(cation)f(0.)325 -1571 y(The)i(o\017ine)e(bit)g(has)i(no)e(function)h(in)f(the)i(memory)c -(itself.)18 b(Instead,)d(the)f Fw(TDBoot)g FC(program)f(uses)325 -1621 y(this)h(\015ag)g(to)f(signal)g(that)h(the)h(memory)c(has)j(failed)f -(one)h(of)f(its)h(tests.)150 1706 y Fx(OnL)94 b FC(Online.)17 -b(This)9 b(\015ag)g(will)e(b)q(e)j(set)g(if)f(b)q(oth)g Fx(OnL)h -FC(\()p Fu(M3\045ONL)p FC(\))e(and)h Fx(EOL)g FC(\(Enable)h(Online,)f -Fu(M3\045EOL==:1B12)p FC(\))325 1756 y(are)18 b(set)g(to)f(1)g(in)f(a)h -(Device)p 769 1756 V 16 w(Con)o(trol)f(cycle)i(addressed)h(to)e(lo)q(cation)f -(0.)27 b(The)18 b(\015ag)f(will)e(b)q(e)j(cleared)325 1806 -y(to)e(zero)h(if)e Fx(OnL)h FC(is)g(zero)h(when)g Fx(EOL)f -FC(is)f(1)h(in)g(a)f(Device)p 1241 1806 V 16 w(Con)o(trol)g(cycle)i -(addressed)h(to)e(lo)q(cation)f(0.)325 1856 y(When)g(the)g(\015ag)e(is)i -(set,)g(a)f(green)h(LED)f(\(visible)g(through)g(the)h(mo)q(dule)e(co)o(v)o -(er)i(panel\))f(will)f(b)q(e)i(on)f(to)325 1906 y(signify)f(that)h(the)g(b)q -(oard)g(is)g(online.)325 1991 y(The)20 b Fw(TDBoot)h FC(program)d(sets)j -(this)f(\015ag)f(in)g(the)i(memory)c(after)j(it)g(has)g(successfully)h(run)f -(test)325 2041 y(patterns.)f(Other)c(soft)o(w)o(are)f(ma)o(y)e(clear)j(the)f -(\015ag)f(if)h(the)g(memory)d(is)j(found)g(to)f(b)q(e)i(failing.)150 -2127 y Fx(DC4)93 b FC(Device)22 b(Con)o(trol)e(\015ag)g(4)h(will)e(b)q(e)j -(set)g(if)e(b)q(oth)h Fx(DC4)27 b FC(\()p Fu(M3\045DC4==:1B31)p -FC(\))18 b(and)j Fx(En4)28 b FC(\(Enable)21 b(4,)325 2176 y -Fu(M3\045EN4==:1B13)p FC(\))13 b(are)i(set)h(to)g(1)e(in)h(a)g(Device)p -1072 2176 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)g(cycle)h(addressed)h(to)e(lo)q(cation)f(0.)22 -b(The)15 b(\015ag)325 2226 y(will)f(b)q(e)i(cleared)g(to)f(zero)h(if)e -Fx(DC7)21 b FC(is)15 b(zero)h(when)g Fx(En7)g FC(is)f(1)g(in)f(a)h(Device)p -1504 2226 V 16 w(Con)o(trol)f(cycle)i(addressed)325 2276 y(to)e(lo)q(cation)f -(0.)325 2344 y Fx(DC4)k FC(is)g(setable,)h(clearable,)g(and)f(readable.)27 -b(It)17 b(has)h(no)e(assigned)i(function)e(in)h(the)h(device)f(or)g(in)325 -2394 y(soft)o(w)o(are.)150 2479 y Fx(WBPn)54 b FC(A)17 b(W)m(rite)e(Bad)i(P)o -(arit)o(y)f(\015ag)f(\()p Fu(M3\045WB)p Fs(n)p FC(,)h Fs(n)g -FC(=)g(0,)h(1,)f(or)g(2\))g(will)f(b)q(e)i(set)g(to)f(one)h(if)e(b)q(oth)i -Fx(WBPn)j FC(and)325 2529 y Fx(EBPn)h FC(\(Enable)c(Bad)g(P)o(arit)o(y)f -Fs(n)p FC(,)h Fu(M3\045EB2==:1B14)p FC(;)e Fu(M3\045EB1==:1B15)p -FC(;)g Fu(M3\045EB0==:1B16)p FC(\))f(are)j(set)325 2579 y(to)g(1)f(in)h(a)f -(Device)p 627 2579 V 16 w(Con)o(trol)g(cycle)i(addressed)g(to)f(lo)q(cation)f -(0.)26 b(A)17 b(\015ag)g(will)e(b)q(e)j(cleared)f(to)g(zero)h(if)325 -2629 y Fx(WBPn)g FC(is)c(zero)h(and)f Fx(EBPn)j FC(is)d(1)g(in)f(a)h(Device)p -1082 2629 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)f(cycle)i(addressed)h(to)d(lo)q(cation)g(0.)p -eop -%%Page: 298 102 -298 101 bop 0 50 a FC(298)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)175 195 y FC(When)g(one)g(of)f(these)i -(\015ag)e(is)g(set)h(to)g(1,)f(the)h(parit)o(y)f(bit)g(for)g(the)h(corresp)q -(onding)h(b)o(yte)f(is)f(in)o(v)o(erted)h(on)175 245 y(write)h(op)q -(erations,)f(and)g(the)h(meaning)e(of)h(the)h(parit)o(y)e(bit)h(is)h(in)o(v)o -(erted)f(on)h(read)f(op)q(erations.)20 b(Th)o(us,)175 295 y(when)15 -b(a)f(W)m(rite)g(Bad)g(P)o(arit)o(y)g(\015ag)g(is)g(set)h(in)f(the)h(memory)d -(con)o(trol,)i(all)f(data)h(b)o(ytes)h(\(corresp)q(onding)175 -345 y(to)i(that)f(\015ag\))g(that)h(are)g(written)g(will)e(b)q(e)i(stored)h -(with)e(bad)g(parit)o(y)m(.)25 b(When)17 b(go)q(o)q(d)f(parit)o(y)g(data)g -(is)175 394 y(read,)d(those)f(data)g(items)f(will)g(b)q(e)i(rep)q(orted)g(as) -f(parit)o(y)g(errors,)h(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)f(data)g(with)g(bad)g(parit)o(y)f -(will)175 444 y(not)j(b)q(e)g(rep)q(orted.)20 b(This)14 b(con)o(trol)f -(\015ag)h(is)g(for)f(memory)f(diagnostic)h(purp)q(oses)i(only)m(.)0 -530 y Fx(RR)115 b FC(When)14 b(the)h(Reset)g(Request)g(\015ag)f(\()p -Fu(MD\045RR)p FC(\))f(and)h Fx(EnR)j FC(\(Enable)d(Reset,)h -Fu(MD\045ENR)p FC(\))d(are)j(b)q(oth)f(set)h(to)f(1)175 580 -y(in)d(a)g(Device)p 375 580 13 2 v 16 w(Con)o(trol)f(cycle)j(addressed)g(to)e -(lo)q(cation)f(0,)i(the)g(memory)d(con)o(trol)i(will)f(reset)j(itself)e(to)g -(its)175 629 y(p)q(o)o(w)o(er{on)k(condition.)20 b(While)14 -b(the)i(memory)c(is)j(resetting,)h(the)f Fx(R)n(dy)k FC(\015ag)c(\(bit)g(35,) -f(as)h(rep)q(orted)h(b)o(y)175 679 y(Device)p 297 679 V 16 -w(Status)p 428 679 V 15 w(Request)d(to)f(lo)q(cation)g(0\))g(will)e(b)q(e)j -(0)f(and)g(the)h(memory)d(will)h(not)h(resp)q(ond)h(normally;)175 -729 y(when)i(the)f(memory)d(has)j(\014nished)h(its)f(reset)h(pro)q(cess,)h -Fx(R)n(dy)i FC(will)12 b(b)q(e)j(1.)0 873 y Fz(3.11.2.3)48 -b(XMG)328 869 y(-)342 873 y(3)15 b(Resp)q(onse)g(to)g(Memory)h(Cycles)0 -985 y FC(The)e(XMG)189 981 y(-)201 985 y(1)f(memory)e(system)i(resp)q(onds)i -(as)f(a)f(memory)e(to)i(bus)h(cycles)h(of)e(the)h(t)o(yp)q(es)h(W)m(ord)p -1524 985 V 14 w(Read)p 1631 985 V 15 w(Request,)0 1035 y(W)m(ord)p -102 1035 V 14 w(W)m(rite,)e(LongW)m(ord)p 434 1035 V 14 w(Read)p -541 1035 V 15 w(Request,)h(LongW)m(ord)p 917 1035 V 14 w(W)m(rite,)f(Line)p -1137 1035 V 15 w(Read)p 1245 1035 V 14 w(Request,)i(and)e(Line)p -1589 1035 V 15 w(W)m(rite.)0 1120 y(The)h(w)o(ord{mo)q(de)f(cycles)h(are)h -(generated)g(b)o(y)e(the)h(cen)o(tral)h(pro)q(cessor's)g Fu(PMOVE)e -FC(and)g Fu(PMOVEM)g FC(instructions)h(and)0 1170 y(b)o(y)h(its)g(references) -i(to)e(uncac)o(hed)h(pages.)21 b(Also,)15 b(other)g(devices)h(\(e.g.,)f(the)g -(net)o(w)o(ork)g(in)o(terface\))h(ma)o(y)d(generate)0 1220 -y(these)i(cycle)g(t)o(yp)q(es.)0 1306 y(The)h(longw)o(ord{mo)q(de)e(cycles)j -(are)f(generated)h(b)o(y)e(devices)i(other)g(than)f(the)g(cen)o(tral)g(pro)q -(cessor.)26 b(In)16 b(the)g(case)0 1355 y(of)c(reading)h(a)g(longw)o(ord,)e -(the)j(requesting)g(device)g(will)d(pro)o(vide)i(an)g(ev)o(en{n)o(um)o(b)q -(ered)g(in{mo)q(dule)e(address)j(and)0 1405 y(a)h(bus)g(cycle)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h -(LongW)m(ord)p 504 1405 V 13 w(Read)p 610 1405 V 15 w(Request.)22 -b(The)15 b(memory)d(will)i(supply)h(the)g(72{bit)f(data)g(item)g(in)g(a)h -(bus)0 1455 y(cycle)h(of)e(t)o(yp)q(e)i(DataR2)d(that)i(will)f(b)q(e)i -(directed)g(to)f(the)h(requestor.)23 b(In)15 b(writing)f(a)h(longw)o(ord,)e -(the)j(requesting)0 1505 y(device)c(will)d(pro)o(vide)i(an)g(ev)o(en)h(in{mo) -q(dule)c(address)13 b(in)d(a)h(cycle)h(of)e(t)o(yp)q(e)h(LongW)m(ord)p -1338 1505 V 14 w(W)m(rite;)g(it)g(will)e(then)j(supply)0 1555 -y(the)i(72{bit)f(data)h(item)e(in)i(a)f(cycle)i(of)e(t)o(yp)q(e)i(DataW2.)0 -1640 y(The)h(line{mo)q(de)f(cycles)i(are)f(generated)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(pro)q -(cessor)g(\(and)f(other)h(devices\))g(to)f(read)g(or)g(write)g(a)g(cac)o(he)0 -1690 y(line.)25 b(In)17 b(the)g(case)g(of)f(reading)h(a)f(cac)o(he)h(line,)f -(the)i(pro)q(cessor)g(will)d(w)o(an)o(t)h(one)h(particular)f(w)o(ord)g -(\014rst,)i(so)e(the)0 1740 y(lo)o(w{order)f(address)h(bits)f(33{34)f(of)g -(the)i(desired)g(w)o(ord)f(are)g(presen)o(ted)j(to)c(the)i(memory)d(along)g -(with)i(the)h(rest)0 1790 y(of)f(the)g(address)i(in)e(a)g(Line)p -438 1790 V 15 w(Read)p 546 1790 V 14 w(Request,)h(and)f(the)h(memory's)d -(resp)q(onse)k(will)d(send)i(the)g(requested)h(double)0 1839 -y(w)o(ord)d(\014rst)g(and)g(then)h(cycle)f(through)g(the)h(other)f(three)h -(double)f(w)o(ords.)0 1983 y Fz(3.11.2.4)48 b(XMG)328 1979 -y(-)342 1983 y(3)15 b(Initializati)o(on)0 2095 y FC(The)f(XMG)189 -2091 y(-)201 2095 y(3)g(con)o(tains)f(a)h(v)o(ery)g(limited)e(state{mac)o -(hine;)h(it)g(do)q(es)i(not)e(do)h(m)o(uc)o(h)f(initialization.)0 -2181 y(The)19 b(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)i(memory)d(at)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er{up)i -(are)f(unde\014ned;)j(it)d(is)g(completely)f(plausible)g(that)h(memory)0 -2231 y(con)o(tains)c(bad)g(parit)o(y)f(data.)18 b(On)c(p)q(o)o(w)o(er{up,)f -Fw(TDBoot)i FC(usually)e(tests)i(and)f(clears)g(memory)m(.)0 -2374 y Fz(3.11.2.5)48 b(XMG)328 2370 y(-)342 2374 y(3)15 b(Flash)g(Card)0 -2487 y FC(T)m(o)e(b)q(e)i(added.)p eop -%%Page: 299 103 -299 102 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.12.)31 b(XRH)363 46 y(-)374 50 y(1)14 -b(MASS{STORA)o(GE)f(INTERF)-5 b(A)o(CE)15 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)606 -b FC(299)150 195 y Ft(3.12)70 b(XRH)502 190 y(-)521 195 y(1)23 -b(Mass{Storage)j(In)n(terface)c(Pro)r(cessor)150 322 y FC(The)c(XRH)334 -318 y(-)345 322 y(1)f(Mass{Storage)h(In)o(terface)h(Pro)q(cessor)g(pro)o -(vides)e(a)g(highly)g(e\016cien)o(t,)h(bu\013ered)h(connection)e(b)q(e-)150 -372 y(t)o(w)o(een)e(the)f(TO)o(AD)465 368 y(-)477 372 y(1)f(System)h(bac)o -(kplane)g(bus)g(and)g(four)f(indep)q(enden)o(t,)i(wide,)e(fast)h(SCSI{2)g -(buses.)150 457 y(The)c(XRH)326 453 y(-)337 457 y(1)f(resp)q(onds)i(to)e(bac) -o(kplane)g(bus)h(cycles)g(of)f(the)h(t)o(yp)q(es)g(Device)p -1293 457 13 2 v 16 w(Status)p 1424 457 V 15 w(Request)g(and)f(Device)p -1789 457 V 16 w(Con)o(trol.)150 507 y(It)19 b(generates)h(bus)f(cycles)g(of)f -(t)o(yp)q(es)h(Device)p 879 507 V 16 w(Status)p 1010 507 V -15 w(Return,)h(In)o(terrupt,)g(Line)p 1460 507 V 15 w(Read)p -1568 507 V 15 w(Request,)g(and)e(Line)p 1923 507 V 15 w(-)150 -557 y(W)m(rite)p 254 557 V 15 w(Request.)423 542 y Fn(33)484 -557 y FC(The)f(description)f(that)h(follo)o(ws)d(is)j(organized)f(as)g(an)g -(explanation)g(of)f(the)i(I/O)f(registers)150 607 y(\(those)e(that)f(resp)q -(ond)h(to)f(the)h(Device)p 761 607 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)e(and)h(Device)p -1126 607 V 16 w(Status)p 1257 607 V 15 w(Request)h(bus)f(cycles\))i(and)e(a)f -(description)150 656 y(of)h(the)i(proto)q(col)e(of)h(comm)o(unicatio)o(n)d(b) -q(et)o(w)o(een)k(the)g(CPU)f(\(op)q(erating)g(system\))g(and)g(the)g(XRH)1706 -652 y(-)1718 656 y(1.)150 742 y(The)f(XRH)329 738 y(-)340 742 -y(1)f(Mass{Storage)g(In)o(terface)i(Pro)q(cessor)g(con)o(tains)e(an)f(18)h -(MB)g(cac)o(he)h(of)f(recen)o(tly)h(read)g(and)e(written)150 -792 y(data.)18 b(\(The)c(cac)o(he)h(is)e(equiv)n(alen)o(t)h(to)f(4)h(Mw)f(or) -h(16)g(sections)g(of)g(main)d(memory)m(.\))k(The)g(XRH)1661 -788 y(-)1672 792 y(1)f(and)g(the)g(SCSI)150 842 y(devices)g(in)o(ternal)e(to) -g(the)h(TO)o(AD)688 838 y(-)700 842 y(1)f(System)g(c)o(hassis)i(op)q(erate)f -(from)e(a)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)h(source)h(that)f(con)o(tains)f(a)g(battery)150 -891 y(to)j(op)q(erate)h(the)g(devices)g(through)g(short)f(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)h -(failures)f(and)g(su\016cien)o(t)g(to)h(unload)e(the)i(cac)o(he)g(to)f(the)h -(disks)150 941 y(in)f(the)g(ev)o(en)o(t)h(of)f(a)f(longer)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)h -(outage.)21 b(The)16 b(cac)o(he)g(is)f(used)g(to)g(supply)g(copies)h(of)f -(data)f(recen)o(tly)i(read)g(or)150 991 y(written,)e(thereb)o(y)h(increasing) -f(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(disk)e(bandwidth.)150 1077 y(The)i(XRH)331 -1073 y(-)343 1077 y(1)f(includes)h(a)g(micropro)q(cessor)g(that)f(con)o -(trols)h(its)g(general)g(activit)o(y)m(,)e(including)g(the)j(managem)o(en)o -(t)150 1126 y(of)d(the)i(cac)o(he)g(and)e(the)i(sc)o(heduling)f(of)f -(individual)f(transfers.)150 1212 y(The)17 b(usual)f(form)e(of)i(comm)o -(unicatio)o(n)e(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)j(the)g(op)q(erating)f(system)g(and)g(the)h -(XRH)1607 1208 y(-)1619 1212 y(1)f(in)o(v)o(olv)o(es)f(t)o(w)o(o)h(in{)150 -1262 y(memory)11 b(data)i(structures.)20 b(The)14 b(\014rst)g(of)f(these)i -(is)e(an)h(eigh)o(t{w)o(ord)e(comm)o(unications)f(region,)i(through)g(whic)o -(h)150 1312 y(lists)j(of)g(messages)h(are)g(passed;)h(the)g(XRH)856 -1308 y(-)867 1312 y(1)f(utilizes)f(just)h(one)g(suc)o(h)g(region)f(at)h(a)f -(time.)25 b(The)17 b(second)g(data)150 1361 y(structure,)g(man)o(y)d -(instances)i(of)e(whic)o(h)i(ma)o(y)d(exist)i(at)g(an)o(y)g(time,)f(is)h -(called)g(a)g(Mass{Storage)g(Con)o(trol)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)150 1411 -y(\(MSCB\).)j(The)12 b(MSCBs)g(are)f(found)g(in)g(main)e(memory)m(,)g(either) -j(individually)d(or)i(in)g(lists.)17 b(As)12 b(explained)f(b)q(elo)o(w,)150 -1461 y(some)f(of)g(the)h(lo)q(cations)g(in)f(the)h(comm)o(unications)d -(region)j(and)f(some)g(of)g(the)i(I/O)f(registers)h(con)o(tain)e(the)i -(address)150 1511 y(of)17 b(an)g(MSCB)h(\(whic)o(h)f(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j(the)g -(head)g(of)f(a)g(list)f(of)h(MSCBs\))i(or)e(the)h(address)g(of)f(the)h(comm)o -(unications)150 1561 y(region;)13 b(suc)o(h)i(addresses)h(are)e(in)g(the)g -(form)e(of)h(bus)i(address)g(w)o(ords)f(\(BA)-5 b(Ws,)15 b(see)g -FA(x)p FC(3.1.4\).)150 1713 y Fy(3.12.1)55 b(XRH)480 1709 y(-)496 -1713 y(1)19 b(Mass{Storage)g(In)n(terface)f(Pro)r(cessor)g(I/O)g(Registers) -150 1825 y FC(I/O)d(registers)h(are)f(implem)o(en)o(ted)e(b)o(y)h(the)h -(action)g(of)f(the)h(micropro)q(cessor's)g(micro)q(co)q(de,)f(with)g(a)g -(small)e(assist)150 1875 y(from)17 b(hardw)o(are.)35 b(Due)19 -b(to)g(this)h(c)o(hoice)f(of)g(implemen)o(tatio)o(n,)f(access)j(to)e(the)h -(I/O)f(registers)i(ma)o(y)c(b)q(e)j(v)o(ery)150 1925 y(slo)o(w;)e(an)f -(access)j(attempt)c(ma)o(y)g(ev)o(en)i(result)g(in)f(a)g(bus)h(timeout)e(or)i -(bus)f(busy)m(,)h(ev)o(en)g(when)g(the)g(XRH)1872 1921 y(-)1884 -1925 y(1)f(is)150 1974 y(op)q(erating)e(normally)m(.)20 b(Th)o(us,)15 -b(soft)o(w)o(are)g(to)h(con)o(trol)f(the)h(XRH)1173 1970 y(-)1184 -1974 y(1)f(m)o(ust)g(minim)o(ize)e(access)k(to)e(these)i(registers;)150 -2024 y(fortunately)m(,)c(the)i(design)f(of)f(the)i(XRH)786 -2020 y(-)798 2024 y(1)e(pro)o(vides)i(for)e(e\016cien)o(t)i(comm)o(unication) -c(to)j(it)f(via)g(memory)f(cells)i(in)150 2074 y(the)g(comm)o(unications)d -(region.)150 2160 y(F)m(ollo)o(wing)f(the)i(CPU's)h(access)h(to)e(an)o(y)g -(of)g(the)h(XRH)992 2156 y(-)1003 2160 y(1)f(I/O)g(registers,)i(the)f(XRH) -1456 2156 y(-)1468 2160 y(1's)f(bac)o(kplane)g(bus)g(in)o(terface)150 -2209 y(is)20 b(designed)g(to)g(resp)q(ond)h(\\busy")f(to)f(an)o(y)h -(subsequen)o(t)h(access.)38 b(The)20 b(bus)g(in)o(terface)h(remains)e(busy)h -(un)o(til)150 2259 y(the)c(micropro)q(cessor)g(has)f(accepted)i(the)f -(\014rst)g(bac)o(kplane)f(bus)h(ev)o(en)o(t)g(and)f(enabled)h(the)g(bus)f(in) -o(terface)h(to)f(b)q(e)150 2309 y(receptiv)o(e)h(again.)i(Moreo)o(v)o(er,)c -(a)g(Device)h(Status)g(request,)g(whic)o(h)g(requires)g(a)f(resp)q(onse)i -(from)d(the)i(micro)q(co)q(de,)150 2359 y(ma)o(y)h(result)j(in)f(a)g(bus)h -(timeout)e(if)g(the)i(micro)q(co)q(de)f(fails)f(to)h(resp)q(ond)i(swiftly)m -(.)29 b(Therefore,)21 b(the)e(use)g(of)e(the)150 2409 y(XRH)245 -2405 y(-)257 2409 y(1)c(I/O)h(registers)i(is)d(held)h(to)g(a)g(minim)n(um)9 -b(during)14 b(system)f(op)q(erations.)p 150 2446 720 2 v 181 -2472 a Fm(33)214 2484 y Fl(The)d(XRH)365 2481 y(-)376 2484 -y(1)g(hardw)o(are)f(also)g(can)h(generate)e(W)m(ord)p 917 2484 -11 2 v 12 w(Read)p 1009 2484 V 12 w(Request)h(and)g(W)m(ord)p -1307 2484 V 12 w(W)m(rite;)h(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)g(these)f(capabilities)e(are)j -(not)150 2524 y(b)q(e)h(used)g(b)o(y)g(the)f(XRH)468 2521 y(-)479 -2524 y(1's)h(op)q(erating)e(micro)q(co)q(de.)p eop -%%Page: 300 104 -300 103 bop 0 50 a FC(300)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y Fz(3.12.1.1)48 -b(Device)15 b(Status)0 307 y FC(The)k(XRH)185 303 y(-)197 307 -y(1)f(do)q(es)h(not)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g(dedicated)i(hardw)o(are)e(that)h(resp)q -(onds)h(to)e(Device)p 1338 307 13 2 v 15 w(Status)p 1468 307 -V 16 w(Requests;)j(the)e(re-)0 357 y(sp)q(onses)g(are)e(made)f(b)o(y)h(the)h -(action)f(of)f(the)i(\014rm)o(w)o(are.)27 b(When)17 b(the)h(\014rm)o(w)o(are) -e(is)h(busy)g(\(for)g(example,)f(while)0 407 y(resetting)d(after)g(p)q(o)o(w) -o(er)f(is)h(applied\),)e(resp)q(onses)k(ma)o(y)10 b(b)q(e)j(so)f(slo)o(w)g -(as)g(to)h(create)g(a)f(bus)h(timeout)e(or)h(a)g(p)q(ersisten)o(t)0 -457 y(\\busy")j(condition.)21 b(Therefore,)c(the)e(program)f(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e) -i(a)o(w)o(are)f(of)g(the)g(p)q(ossibilit)o(y)f(of)h(suc)o(h)h(exceptions)g -(and)0 507 y(tak)o(e)e(appropriate)g(action)f(to)h(reco)o(v)o(er)h(if)e(an)o -(y)h(exceptions)h(o)q(ccur.)0 592 y(A)c(Device)p 164 592 V -16 w(Status)p 295 592 V 15 w(Request)h(directed)g(to)f(the)h(XRH)832 -588 y(-)843 592 y(1)f(at)g(address)h(0)f(will)f(elicit)g(the)i(main)d(status) -j(of)e(the)i(device,)0 642 y(as)h(describ)q(ed)i(b)q(elo)o(w.)i(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o -(er,)c(the)h(preferred)h(means)d(b)o(y)h(whic)o(h)f(to)h(obtain)f(this)i -(status)f(w)o(ord)g(is)g(from)e(w)o(ord)0 692 y(0)17 b(of)f(the)i(comm)o -(unications)c(region.)28 b(When)17 b(there)i(is)e(no)g(comm)o(unicatio)o(ns)e -(region)i(or)g(when)h(the)g(status)g(of)0 742 y(comm)o(unications)e(is)k(not) -f(kno)o(wn,)h(this)f(status)i(w)o(ord)e(can)h(b)q(e)g(accessed)h(via)e(the)h -(XRH)1470 738 y(-)1482 742 y(1's)f(resp)q(onse)i(to)e(a)0 792 -y(Device)p 122 792 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)14 b(cycle)g(to)g(address)h(3.)59 -916 y(Mass{Storage)f(In)o(terface)h(|)e(Resp)q(onse)i(to)f(Device)p -903 916 V 15 w(Status)p 1033 916 V 16 w(Request)h(to)e(Address)j(0)p -0 1073 1495 2 v -1 1072 2 125 v 0 948 1495 2 v 1494 1072 2 -125 v 124 1084 2 13 v 248 1084 V 373 1084 V 497 1084 V 622 -1084 V 746 1093 2 21 v 871 1084 2 13 v 995 1084 V 1120 1084 -V 1244 1084 V 1369 1084 V 96 1102 a Fn(2)p 124 1030 2 84 v --101 w(0)p -1 1030 V 16 999 a Fx(T)m(yp)n(e)12 1102 y Fn(0)p -41 1072 2 42 v -17 w(0)p -1 1072 V 10 1065 a FC(0)54 1102 y -Fn(1)p 82 1072 V -17 w(1)p 41 1072 V 52 1065 a FC(0)96 1102 -y Fn(2)p 124 1072 V -17 w(2)p 82 1072 V 93 1065 a FC(0)303 -1102 y Fn(7)p 331 1030 2 84 v -183 w(3)p 124 1030 V 160 999 -a Fx(Subtyp)n(e)137 1102 y Fn(3)p 165 1072 2 42 v -17 w(3)p -124 1072 V 135 1065 a FC(0)179 1102 y Fn(4)p 207 1072 V -17 -w(4)p 165 1072 V 176 1065 a FC(0)220 1102 y Fn(5)p 248 1072 -V -17 w(5)p 207 1072 V 218 1065 a FC(0)262 1102 y Fn(6)p 290 -1072 V -17 w(6)p 248 1072 V 259 1065 a FC(0)303 1102 y Fn(7)p -331 1072 V -17 w(7)p 290 1072 V 301 1065 a FC(1)345 1102 y -Fn(8)p 373 1072 2 125 v -17 w(8)p 331 1072 V 334 983 a Fx(C)334 -1024 y(R)334 1065 y(R)386 1102 y Fn(9)p 414 1072 V -17 w(9)p -373 1072 V 376 983 a Fx(B)375 1024 y(C)375 1065 y(R)419 1102 -y Fn(10)p 456 1072 V -34 w(10)p 414 1072 V 417 983 a Fx(C)417 -1024 y(R)418 1065 y(E)461 1102 y Fn(11)p 497 1072 V -34 w(11)p -456 1072 V 465 983 a Fx(I)459 1024 y(B)458 1065 y(T)502 1102 -y Fn(12)p 539 1072 V -34 w(12)p 497 1072 V 501 983 a Fx(F)499 -1024 y(U)502 1065 y(L)544 1102 y Fn(13)p 580 1072 V -34 w(13)p -539 1072 V 541 983 a Fx(C)541 1024 y(T)540 1065 y(O)585 1102 -y Fn(14)p 622 1072 V -34 w(14)p 580 1072 V 583 983 a Fx(C)584 -1024 y(P)584 1065 y(E)627 1102 y Fn(15)p 663 1072 V -34 w(15)p -622 1072 V 621 983 a Fx(M)624 1024 y(T)623 1065 y(O)668 1102 -y Fn(16)p 705 1072 V -34 w(16)p 663 1072 V 662 983 a Fx(M)667 -1024 y(P)667 1065 y(E)668 1102 y Fn(16)p 705 1072 V -34 w(16)p -663 1072 V 662 983 a Fx(M)667 1024 y(P)667 1065 y(E)710 1102 -y Fn(17)p 746 1072 V -34 w(17)p 705 1072 V 708 984 a Fx(B)708 -1025 y(B)712 1064 y(0)751 1102 y Fn(18)p 788 1072 V -34 w(18)p -746 1072 V 749 984 a Fx(B)749 1025 y(B)753 1064 y(1)793 1102 -y Fn(19)p 829 1072 V -34 w(19)p 788 1072 V 791 984 a Fx(B)791 -1025 y(B)795 1064 y(2)834 1102 y Fn(20)p 871 1072 V -34 w(20)p -829 1072 V 832 984 a Fx(B)832 1025 y(B)836 1064 y(3)876 1102 -y Fn(21)p 912 1072 V -34 w(21)p 871 1072 V 873 983 a Fx(D)874 -1024 y(P)874 1065 y(E)1291 1102 y Fn(31)p 1328 1072 V -34 w(31)p -1286 1072 V 1295 983 a Fx(I)1288 1024 y(N)1288 1065 y(V)1333 -1102 y Fn(32)p 1369 1072 V -34 w(32)p 1328 1072 V 1331 994 -a Fx(E)1336 1024 y(r)1336 1054 y(r)1374 1102 y Fn(33)p 1411 -1072 V -34 w(33)p 1369 1072 V 1368 990 a Fx(M)1378 1020 y(s)1377 -1050 y(g)1416 1102 y Fn(34)p 1452 1072 V -34 w(34)p 1411 1072 -V 1413 990 a Fx(A)1421 1028 y(t)1416 1058 y(n)1457 1102 y Fn(35)p -1494 1072 V -34 w(35)p 1452 1072 V 1454 984 a Fx(R)1459 1025 -y(d)1459 1056 y(y)0 1241 y FC(This)e(resp)q(onse)i(w)o(ord)d(is)h(deco)q(ded) -h(as)f(follo)o(ws:)0 1308 y Fx(T)m(yp)n(e)102 b FC(Bits)16 -b(0{2)f(\()p Fu(DS\045TYP)p FC(\))g(will)f(con)o(tain)i(the)g(t)o(yp)q(e{co)q -(de)h(pattern)g(000)e(\()p Fu(MX\045TCP==:0)p FC(\))f(to)i(iden)o(tify)f -(this)187 1358 y(bac)o(kplane)e(slot)h(as)g(con)o(taining)f(a)g(mass{storage) -h(in)o(terface)g(subsystem.)0 1444 y Fx(Subtyp)n(e)51 b FC(Bits)13 -b(3{7)e(\()p Fu(DS\045STY)p FC(\))h(iden)o(tify)g(the)h(subt)o(yp)q(e)h -(\(i.e.,)d(particular)h(mo)q(del\))g(of)g(mass{storage)f(con)o(troller.)187 -1493 y(The)j(initial)e(mo)q(del)g(XRH)610 1489 y(-)622 1493 -y(1)i(is)f(of)h(subt)o(yp)q(e)g(1.)0 1579 y Fx(CRR)97 b FC(Comm)n(unications) -9 b(region)j(rejected)i(\()p Fu(MX\045CRR==:1B8)p FC(\).)h(The)e(XRH)1281 -1575 y(-)1292 1579 y(1)f(has)g(b)q(een)h(told)f(to)g(use)h(a)f(new)187 -1629 y(comm)o(unicati)o(ons)g(region)i(at)g(a)g(time)f(when)i(a)f(comm)o -(unicatio)o(ns)e(region)i(w)o(as)g(already)g(established)187 -1679 y(for)f(whic)o(h)h(there)i(w)o(ere)f(MSCBs)g(still)e(outstanding.)18 -b(\(This)c(\015ag)g(bit)g(is)g(nev)o(er)h(actually)e(seen)i(when)187 -1728 y(accessing)f(the)h(status)f(via)f(a)g(Device)h(Status)g(request)i(to)d -(address)i(0;)e(instead,)g(it)h(is)f(written)h(in)f(the)187 -1778 y(in{memo)o(ry)e(status)k(w)o(ord)f(in)f(the)i(rejected)h(comm)o(uni)o -(cations)11 b(region.)18 b(There)d(is)f(no)g(in)o(terrupt.\))0 -1864 y Fx(BCR)98 b FC(Bad)11 b(comm)o(unicati)o(ons)d(region)j(\()p -Fu(MX\045BCR==:1B9)p FC(\).)k(The)c(XRH)1195 1860 y(-)1207 -1864 y(1)f(cannot)h(use)h(the)f(comm)o(unications)187 1914 -y(region)j(that)h(w)o(as)g(assigned.)21 b(The)16 b(CPU)f(ma)o(y)e(ha)o(v)o(e) -h(pro)o(vided)h(a)g(bad)f(bus)i(address)g(w)o(ord.)21 b(In)14 -b(an)o(y)187 1963 y(ev)o(en)o(t,)j(it)g(is)g(useless)h(to)f(lo)q(ok)f(in)g -(the)h(comm)o(unications)d(region)j(for)f(more)g(information,)e(b)q(ecause) -187 2013 y(there)h(is)g(no)f(suc)o(h)h(region.)k(\(This)c(condition)e(do)q -(es)j(not)e(cause)h(an)g(in)o(terrupt,)f(b)q(ecause)j(no)d(priorit)o(y)187 -2063 y(lev)o(el)j(assignmen)o(t)h(can)g(b)q(e)h(made)e(without)h(a)f(v)n -(alid)g(comm)o(unications)e(region.)31 b(Of)18 b(course,)i(this)187 -2113 y(condition)13 b(will)f(not)i(b)q(e)h(written)f(to)g(the)g(status)h(w)o -(ord)f(in)f(the)i(comm)o(uni)o(cations)c(region.\))0 2198 y -Fx(CRE)99 b FC(Comm)n(unications)14 b(region)j(established)g(\()p -Fu(MX\045CRE==:1B10)p FC(\).)25 b(The)17 b(XRH)1388 2194 y(-)1400 -2198 y(1)g(has)g(accepted)h(and)f(is)187 2248 y(using)c(the)i(comm)o -(unicatio)o(ns)d(region)h(assigned)h(to)g(it.)0 2334 y Fx(IBT)112 -b FC(In)o(v)n(alid)12 b(bus)i(transaction)g(detected)i(\()p -Fu(MX\045IBT==:1B11)p FC(\).)0 2419 y Fx(FUL)103 b FC(Bu\013er)18 -b(space)f(is)g(full.)25 b(\()p Fu(MX\045FUL==:1B12)p FC(\).)f(The)17 -b(XRH)1107 2415 y(-)1118 2419 y(1)g(has)g(no)f(ro)q(om)f(in)h(its)h(bu\013er) -h(space)f(for)187 2469 y(additional)c(MSCBs.)24 b(Either)16 -b(the)h(op)q(erating)e(system)g(has)h(o)o(v)o(errun)g(the)g(XRH)1482 -2465 y(-)1494 2469 y(1)f(with)h(to)q(o)f(man)o(y)187 2519 y(outstanding)e -(requests,)j(or)d(there)j(is)d(an)h(error)h(in)o(ternal)e(to)h(the)h(XRH)1317 -2515 y(-)1328 2519 y(1)f(or)g(its)g(micro)q(co)q(de.)0 2605 -y Fx(CTO)95 b FC(Memory)8 b(timeout)g(in)h(access)j(to)d(comm)o(unications)e -(region)i(\()p Fu(MX\045CTO==:1B13)p FC(\).)14 b(This)c(error)g(\015ag)f(and) -p eop -%%Page: 301 105 -301 104 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.12.)31 b(XRH)363 46 y(-)374 50 y(1)14 -b(MASS{STORA)o(GE)f(INTERF)-5 b(A)o(CE)15 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)606 -b FC(301)337 195 y(the)14 b(next)f(three)i(that)e(follo)o(w)e(cannot)j -(reliably)e(b)q(e)i(transmitted)f(via)f(the)i(normal)d(comm)o(unications)337 -245 y(mec)o(hanism,)k(so)j(they)g(are)f(rep)q(orted)i(in)e(this)h(status.)29 -b(When)18 b(an)o(y)f(of)g(these)i(four)e(\015ags)g(is)g(set,)i(a)337 -295 y(Device)p 459 295 13 2 v 15 w(Status)p 589 295 V 16 w(Request)14 -b(to)f(address)i(2)e(will)f(elicit)h(the)h(bus{address)h(w)o(ord)e(corresp)q -(onding)h(to)f(the)337 345 y(most)e(recen)o(t)j(error)f(of)f(this)g(kind.)17 -b(The)c(Device)p 1099 345 V 15 w(Status)p 1229 345 V 16 w(Request)g(to)f -(address)h(0)f(that)h(rep)q(orts)h(these)337 394 y(bits)g(will)e(clear)i -(them.)150 480 y Fx(CPE)101 b FC(Memory)13 b(parit)o(y)g(error)i(in)e(access) -j(to)e(comm)o(uni)o(cations)d(region)j(\()p Fu(MX\045CPE==:1B14)p -FC(\).)150 565 y Fx(MTO)88 b FC(Memory)13 b(timeout)f(in)h(access)j(to)e(an)g -(MSCB)g(\()p Fu(MX\045MTO==:1B15)p FC(\).)150 651 y Fx(MPE)94 -b FC(Memory)13 b(parit)o(y)g(error)i(in)e(access)j(to)e(an)f(MSCB)i(\()p -Fu(MX\045MPE==:1B16)p FC(\).)150 737 y Fx(BB0)108 b FC(Bus)16 -b(Bad)g(0)g(\()p Fu(MX\045BB0==:1B17)p FC(\).)22 b(The)16 b(XRH)1081 -733 y(-)1093 737 y(1)f(has)h(disco)o(v)o(ered)h(a)f(problem)e(in)i(SCSI)g -(bus)g(0;)g(the)337 786 y(bus)e(is)g(not)g(usable.)150 872 -y Fx(BB1)108 b FC(Bus)16 b(Bad)g(1)g(\()p Fu(MX\045BB1==:1B18)p -FC(\).)22 b(The)16 b(XRH)1081 868 y(-)1093 872 y(1)f(has)h(disco)o(v)o(ered)h -(a)f(problem)e(in)i(SCSI)g(bus)g(1;)g(the)337 922 y(bus)e(is)g(not)g(usable.) -150 1007 y Fx(BB2)108 b FC(Bus)16 b(Bad)g(2)g(\()p Fu(MX\045BB2==:1B19)p -FC(\).)22 b(The)16 b(XRH)1081 1003 y(-)1093 1007 y(1)f(has)h(disco)o(v)o -(ered)h(a)f(problem)e(in)i(SCSI)g(bus)g(2;)g(the)337 1057 y(bus)e(is)g(not)g -(usable.)150 1143 y Fx(BB3)108 b FC(Bus)16 b(Bad)g(3)g(\()p -Fu(MX\045BB3==:1B20)p FC(\).)22 b(The)16 b(XRH)1081 1139 y(-)1093 -1143 y(1)f(has)h(disco)o(v)o(ered)h(a)f(problem)e(in)i(SCSI)g(bus)g(3;)g(the) -337 1193 y(bus)e(is)g(not)g(usable.)150 1278 y Fx(DPE)100 b -FC(DRAM)13 b(parit)o(y)g(error)i(detected)h(\()p Fu(MX\045DPE==:1B21)p -FC(\).)f(During)f(a)f(transfer)i(in)o(v)o(olving)c(the)k(XRH)1890 -1274 y(-)1901 1278 y(1's)337 1328 y(in)o(ternal)e(DRAM,)g(a)h(parit)o(y)f -(error)i(has)f(b)q(een)h(found.)150 1413 y Fx(INV)109 b FC(Status)16 -b(Stale)f(\()p Fu(MX\045INV==:1B31)p FC(\).)21 b(The)16 b(status)h(w)o(ord)f -(in)f(the)h(comm)o(unications)d(region)i(needs)i(to)337 1463 -y(b)q(e)d(up)q(dated.)150 1549 y Fx(Err)123 b FC(Error)17 b(\()p -Fu(MX\045ERS==:1B32)p FC(\).)22 b(The)17 b(XRH)986 1545 y(-)997 -1549 y(1)f(has)g(an)g(error)i(condition)d(to)h(rep)q(ort.)26 -b(If)16 b(the)h(XRH)1874 1545 y(-)1885 1549 y(1)f(is)337 1599 -y(enabled)11 b(to)f(in)o(terrupt,)i(this)f(condition)f(causes)i(an)f(in)o -(terrupt.)18 b(Man)o(y)10 b(error)i(conditions)e(are)i(treated)337 -1648 y(in)j(the)h(same)e(w)o(a)o(y)h(as)h(async)o(hronous)g(status)g(is)g -(treated:)22 b(if)15 b(an)g(MSCB)h(is)f(a)o(v)n(ailable)f(in)h(whic)o(h)g(to) -337 1698 y(rep)q(ort)k(error)g(conditions,)f(the)g(MSCB)h(will)d(b)q(e)j -(used)f(instead)h(of)e(causing)h(an)g(in)o(terrupt.)31 b(If)17 -b(an)337 1748 y(in)o(terrupt)f(o)q(ccurs,)i(the)e(CPU)g(m)o(ust)f(resp)q(ond) -i(b)o(y)e(pro)o(viding)g(an)h(MSCB)g(in)f(whic)o(h)h(to)f(rep)q(ort)i(the)337 -1798 y(error.)150 1883 y Fx(Msg)114 b FC(Message)15 b(\()p -Fu(MX\045MSG==:1B33)p FC(\).)g(Un)o(used.)150 1969 y Fx(A)o(tn)120 -b FC(A)o(tten)o(tion)20 b(\()p Fu(MX\045ATN==:1B34)p FC(\).)35 -b(The)21 b(XRH)1083 1965 y(-)1095 1969 y(1)f(has)h(async)o(hronous)g(\(or)f -(unsolicited\))h(status)g(to)337 2019 y(rep)q(ort.)c(If)9 b(the)h(XRH)676 -2015 y(-)688 2019 y(1)f(is)h(enabled)f(to)h(in)o(terrupt,)g(this)g(condition) -f(causes)i(an)e(in)o(terrupt.)17 b(\(T)o(ypically)m(,)337 2069 -y(during)g(system)g(op)q(eration,)g(async)o(hronous)h(status)g(is)f(rep)q -(orted)i(via)e(MSCBs)h(reserv)o(ed)h(for)e(that)337 2118 y(purp)q(ose.\))150 -2204 y Fx(R)n(dy)118 b FC(Ready)15 b(\()p Fu(MX\045RDY==:1B35)p -FC(\).)21 b(The)c(XRH)1001 2200 y(-)1012 2204 y(1)f(is)f(at)h(\(or)g(near\))g -(normal)e(op)q(erating)i(conditions.)23 b(It)16 b(is)337 2254 -y(ready)h(to)g(receiv)o(e)h(a)f(comm)o(unications)d(region)j(assignmen)o(t)f -(if)g(none)h(has)g(y)o(et)h(b)q(een)g(made.)26 b(This)337 2304 -y(\015ag)15 b(will)f(b)q(e)i(o\013)f(during)h(suc)o(h)g(circumstances)g(as)g -(the)g(XRH)1332 2300 y(-)1344 2304 y(1)f(resetting)h(itself)g(and)f(during)g -(suc)o(h)337 2353 y(times)e(when)h(the)g(XRH)722 2349 y(-)734 -2353 y(1)g(is)f(busy)i(for)e(an)h(extended)h(p)q(erio)q(d)g(pro)q(cessing)g -(existing)e(requests.)1846 2338 y Fn(34)150 2457 y FC(A)g(Device)p -316 2457 V 15 w(Status)p 446 2457 V 16 w(Request)g(directed)i(to)d(the)i(XRH) -991 2453 y(-)1002 2457 y(1)f(at)f(address)j(1)d(will)f(elicit)i(the)g -(bus{address)i(w)o(ord)d(of)g(the)150 2507 y(assigned)i(comm)o(unications)d -(region,)i(or)h(zero)h(if)e(no)g(assignmen)o(t)g(has)h(b)q(een)h(made.)p -150 2541 720 2 v 181 2568 a Fm(34)214 2580 y Fl(As)e(presen)o(tly)e(implemen) -o(ted)o(,)g(the)i(XRH)784 2577 y(-)794 2580 y(1)h(ma)o(y)e(pro)o(vide)f(no)i -(resp)q(onse)f(\(i.e.,)g(bus)h(busy)f(or)h(bus)g(timeout\))e(while)i(it)g(is) -g(p)q(er-)150 2619 y(forming)c(a)j(hard)e(reset.)p eop -%%Page: 302 106 -302 105 bop 0 50 a FC(302)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)281 230 y Fy(T)-5 b(able)19 -b(3.5:)24 b(XRH)677 226 y(-)693 230 y(1)18 b(Status)h(Read)g(Request)e -(Addresses)167 314 y Fx(A)n(ddr)n(ess)d(bits)50 b(F)m(unction)222 -364 y(32{35)194 414 y FC(\()p Fu(MX\045REG)p FC(\))166 509 -y Fu(.MXSTS==:0)e FC(Return)14 b(XRH)670 505 y(-)682 509 y(1)f(Status)i(W)m -(ord.)166 569 y Fu(.MXCOM==:1)48 b FC(Return)14 b(XRH)670 565 -y(-)682 569 y(1)f(Comm)o(unications)e(Region)i(Address.)166 -628 y Fu(.MXERA==:2)48 b FC(Return)14 b(the)h(latest)f(bus)g(error)h -(address.)166 688 y Fu(.MXSRM==:3)48 b FC(Return)17 b(SRAM)f(data)g(from)f -(the)i(SRAM)f(address)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(in)e(address)434 738 -y(bits)c(16{31)e(\()p Fu(MX\045SRA==:177777B31)p FC(\).)k(The)f(SRAM)e(data)h -(is)g(returned)h(in)434 788 y(bits)h(20{35)e(\()p Fu(MX\045SRD==:177777)p -FC(\).)166 847 y Fu(.MXDRM==:4)48 b FC(Return)15 b(DRAM)f(data)g(from)f(the)i -(DRAM)f(address)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(in)f(address)434 897 y(bits)h(10{31)f(\()p -Fu(MX\045DRA==:17777777)o(B31)p FC(\).)22 b(Although)15 b(the)i(DRAM)e(is)h -(72)434 947 y(bits)10 b(wide,)g(this)g(command)d(returns)k(only)f(36)f(bits.) -17 b(Address)11 b(bit)f(31)f(selects)434 997 y(whic)o(h)14 -b(half)f(of)g(the)h(DRAM)g(double)f(w)o(ord)h(is)g(returned.)166 -1056 y Fu(.MXUCV==:5)48 b FC(Return)16 b(the)h(XRH)746 1052 -y(-)758 1056 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de)f(v)o(ersion)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)23 -b(Bits)17 b(20{27)e(rep)q(ort)434 1106 y(the)e(ma)r(jor)f(v)o(ersion)h(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)f(and)h(bits)g(28{35)f(rep)q(ort)i(the)g(minor)d(v)o(ersion)434 -1156 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)166 1216 y Fu(.MXALU==:6)48 b FC(Return)27 -b(data)f(from)e(the)j(ALU)g(register)g(addressed)i(b)o(y)d(bits)g(26{31)434 -1265 y(\()p Fu(MX\045ARA==:77B31)p FC(\).)19 b(The)d(ALU)f(registers)i(are)e -(16)g(bits)g(wide;)g(the)h(data)434 1315 y(is)e(returned)h(in)f(bits)g(20{35) -e(\()p Fu(MX\045ALD==:177777)p FC(\).)166 1375 y Fu(.MXDSN==:7)48 -b FC(Return)15 b(the)g(XRH)743 1371 y(-)754 1375 y(1)g(serial)f(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er.)19 b(The)c(serial)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(is)g(24)g(bits;)g(it)434 -1425 y(is)g(rep)q(orted)h(in)e(bits)h(12{35)f(\()p Fu(MX\045SND==:77777777)p -FC(\).)211 1484 y Fu(10)p FC(|)p Fu(17)93 b FC(Reserv)o(ed)0 -1731 y(A)16 b(Device)p 169 1731 13 2 v 15 w(Status)p 299 1731 -V 16 w(Request)g(directed)h(to)f(the)g(XRH)855 1727 y(-)867 -1731 y(1)f(at)g(address)i(2)f(will)e(elicit)h(the)h(bus)g(address)h(w)o(ord)f -(cor-)0 1781 y(resp)q(onding)e(to)g(the)g(most)f(recen)o(t)i(system)f(bus)g -(error)h(\(timeout)d(or)i(parit)o(y)f(error\))i(as)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(in)e -(the)i(XRH)1768 1777 y(-)1779 1781 y(1)0 1831 y(status)g(register)g(0.)0 -1916 y(Device)p 122 1916 V 15 w(Status)p 252 1916 V 16 w(Requests)f(to)e -(other)h(addresses)i(are)e(de\014ned)h(in)e(T)m(able)f(3.5.)17 -b(Address)d(bits)f(32{35)e(select)j(whic)o(h)0 1966 y(group)h(of)g(registers) -h(to)f(access)i(\()p Fu(MX\045REG==:17)p FC(\);)d(other)h(address)i(bits)e -(select)i(a)e(particular)g(register)h(from)d(the)0 2016 y(group.)0 -2159 y Fz(3.12.1.2)48 b(Device)15 b(Con)o(trol)0 2272 y FC(A)i(Device)p -170 2272 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)f(data)h(w)o(ord)f(\(i.e.,)h(the)g(data)f(w)o(ord) -h(asso)q(ciated)h(with)e(a)g(Device)p 1373 2272 V 16 w(Con)o(trol)g(bac)o -(kplane)h(bus)0 2322 y(cycle\))h(directed)h(to)f(the)g(XRH)510 -2318 y(-)521 2322 y(1)g(at)f(address)i(0,)e(the)i(con)o(trol)e(w)o(ord)g -(that)h(is)f(sen)o(t)i(can)e(e\013ect)i(the)g(follo)o(wing)0 -2371 y(functions:)p eop -%%Page: 303 107 -303 106 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.12.)31 b(XRH)363 46 y(-)374 50 y(1)14 -b(MASS{STORA)o(GE)f(INTERF)-5 b(A)o(CE)15 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)606 -b FC(303)230 230 y(XRH)325 226 y(-)337 230 y(1)13 b(Mass{Storage)i(In)o -(terface)f(Pro)q(cessor)i(|)e(Device)p 1170 230 13 2 v 15 w(Con)o(trol)f(to)h -(Address)i(0)p 150 428 1495 2 v 149 428 2 167 v 150 262 1495 -2 v 1644 428 2 167 v 274 440 2 13 v 398 440 V 523 440 V 647 -440 V 772 440 V 896 448 2 21 v 1021 440 2 13 v 1145 440 V 1270 -440 V 1394 440 V 1519 440 V 860 458 a Fn(17)p 896 428 2 167 -v -34 w(17)p 855 428 V 858 323 a Fx(E)861 353 y(n)863 395 y(b)943 -458 y Fn(19)p 979 428 V -76 w(18)p 896 428 V 900 359 a Fx(Bus)1483 -458 y Fn(32)p 1519 428 V -34 w(32)p 1478 428 V 1479 300 a Fx(Q)1480 -349 y(R)1486 379 y(s)1488 417 y(t)1524 458 y Fn(33)p 1561 428 -V -34 w(33)p 1519 428 V 1522 304 a Fx(B)1521 345 y(R)1528 375 -y(s)1530 413 y(t)1566 458 y Fn(34)p 1602 428 V -34 w(34)p 1561 -428 V 1563 304 a Fx(H)1563 345 y(R)1569 375 y(s)1571 413 y(t)1607 -458 y Fn(35)p 1644 428 V -34 w(35)p 1602 428 V 1608 304 a Fx(S)1604 -345 y(R)1611 375 y(s)1613 413 y(t)150 638 y(Enb)107 b FC(Enable)14 -b(\()p Fu(MX\045ENB==:1B17)p FC(\).)i(When)e(set,)g(this)g(bit)g(enables)g -(the)h(reset)g(functions)f(describ)q(ed)i(b)q(elo)o(w.)150 -721 y Fx(Bus)109 b FC(Bus)16 b(selection)g(\014eld)f(\()p Fu(MX\045BN==:3B19) -p FC(\).)j(This)d(\014eld)g(is)f(used)i(to)f(select)h(a)f(particular)f(SCSI)h -(bus)g(for)327 770 y(the)g Fx(BRst)f FC(function.)150 854 y -Fx(QRst)84 b FC(Quietus)18 b(Reset)g(\()p Fu(MX\045QR==:1B32)p -FC(\).)25 b(When)17 b(set)h(while)e Fu(MX\045ENB)g FC(is)g(also)h(set,)h -(this)f(\015ag)f(causes)i(the)327 903 y(XRH)422 899 y(-)434 -903 y(1)g(to)g(\014nish)g(all)f(w)o(ork)h(curren)o(tly)h(assigned)g(to)f(it)g -(and)g(then)h(to)f(go)f(to)h(a)g(state)h(of)f(inactiv-)327 -953 y(it)o(y)m(.)k(Up)q(on)15 b(receipt)h(of)f(this)g(command,)e(the)j(XRH) -1160 949 y(-)1171 953 y(1)f(will)f(cease)j(to)e(use)h(an)o(y)f(previously)g -(assigned)327 1003 y(comm)o(unications)e(region,)j(and)f(it)g(will)g(clear)h -(its)f(priorit)o(y)g(in)o(terrupt)i(assignmen)o(t.)22 b(If)15 -b(the)i(XRH)1918 999 y(-)1929 1003 y(1)327 1053 y(curren)o(tly)e(has)e(p)q -(ending)h(MSCBs)g(in)f(its)g(memory)m(,)d(the)k(w)o(ork)f(describ)q(ed)i(b)o -(y)e(those)h(MSCBs)g(will)e(b)q(e)327 1103 y(completed)g(\(if)f(p)q -(ossible\);)h(the)h(completed)e(MSCBs)i(are)f(discarded)h(\(i.e.,)e(they)h -(are)h(not)f(returned)h(to)327 1152 y(the)i(CPU\).)g(If)f(the)h(con)o(ten)o -(ts)g(of)f(the)h(XRH)1024 1148 y(-)1035 1152 y(1's)f(cac)o(he)i(memory)c(are) -i(v)n(alid)f(and)h(not)h(y)o(et)f(written)h(to)327 1202 y(disk,)d(that)h -(information)c(will)h(b)q(e)j(copied)g(to)f(the)g(disk.)18 -b(After)12 b(completing)f(these)i(tasks,)g(the)g(XRH)1918 1198 -y(-)1929 1202 y(1)327 1252 y(rep)q(orts)j(itself)d(ready)i(when)f(inquiries)g -(are)g(made)f(to)g(Device)i(Status)f(address)h(0.)j(It)c(is)g(an)f(error)i -(for)327 1302 y(this)f(bit)g(to)g(b)q(e)g(set)h(when)f(an)o(y)g(of)f -Fx(SRst)p FC(,)h Fx(BRst)t FC(,)f(or)h Fx(HRst)k FC(is)c(also)f(set.)327 -1368 y(Subsequen)o(t)k(to)d(requesting)i(a)f(Quietus)g(Reset,)h(the)f -(program)f(should)g(monitor)f(the)j(status)f(of)f(the)327 1418 -y(ready)20 b(\015ag)f Fu(MX\045RDY)f FC(and)h(not)g(send)i(commands)c(to)i -(the)h(XRH)1386 1414 y(-)1397 1418 y(1)f(un)o(til)g(it)g(rep)q(orts)i(itself) -d(ready)m(.)327 1468 y(Because)f(the)f(comm)o(uni)o(cations)c(region)j -(assignmen)o(t)e(is)i(in)o(v)n(alidated)e(b)o(y)i(this)g(reset,)h(the)f -(preferred)327 1518 y(w)o(a)o(y)i(to)g(access)i(the)f(XRH)765 -1514 y(-)777 1518 y(1)f(status)h(w)o(ord)f(is)g(via)g(the)h(XRH)1334 -1514 y(-)1346 1518 y(1's)e(resp)q(onse)k(to)d(a)g(Device)h(Con)o(trol)327 -1568 y(request)e(to)e(address)h(3.)150 1651 y Fx(BRst)87 b -FC(SCSI)15 b(Bus)h(Reset)f(\()p Fu(MX\045BR==:1B33)p FC(\).)j(When)d(set)h -(while)e Fu(MX\045ENB)f FC(is)i(also)f(set,)h(this)g(\015ag)f(causes)i(the) -327 1700 y(XRH)422 1696 y(-)434 1700 y(1)f(to)g(reset)i(the)e(SCSI)h(bus)f -(iden)o(ti\014ed)g(in)g(the)h Fx(Bus)f FC(\014eld.)22 b(Bus)16 -b(reset)h(is)e(appropriate)g(after)g(a)327 1750 y(SCSI)f(error)h(has)f(o)q -(ccurred)h(on)e(a)h(particular)f(bus.)19 b(It)13 b(is)h(an)f(error)i(for)e -(this)h(bit)f(to)g(b)q(e)i(set)f(when)g(an)o(y)327 1800 y(of)g -Fx(QRst)t FC(,)f Fx(HRst)t FC(,)g(or)h Fx(SRst)k FC(is)c(also)f(set.)19 -b(See)c(also)e(\\SCSI)h(Bus)h(Reset")f(on)g(page)g(311.)150 -1883 y Fx(HRst)85 b FC(Hard)21 b(Reset)g(\()p Fu(MX\045HR==:1B34)p -FC(\).)34 b(When)21 b(set)g(while)e Fu(MX\045ENB)g FC(is)h(also)g(set,)i -(this)e(\015ag)g(causes)h(the)327 1933 y(XRH)422 1929 y(-)434 -1933 y(1)f(to)f(reset)j(itself)d(to)h(its)f(p)q(o)o(w)o(er{on)h(condition.) -1236 1918 y Fn(35)1306 1933 y FC(The)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)i(XRH)1793 -1929 y(-)1804 1933 y(1)f(bu\013er)327 1983 y(memory)8 b(are)j(ignored.)17 -b(P)o(ending)10 b(commands)e(are)i(discarded.)18 b(The)11 b(priorit)o(y)e(in) -o(terrupt)j(assignmen)o(t,)327 2032 y(comm)o(unications)j(region)j(address,)i -(and)e(SCSI)g(bus)g(iden)o(ti\014cation)g(assignmen)o(ts)f(are)h(discarded.) -327 2082 y(The)d(XRH)508 2078 y(-)520 2082 y(1)f(will)f(reload)h(its)h(micro) -q(co)q(de,)f(run)g(diagnostics,)g(and)h(reset)h(the)f(SCSI)f(buses.)21 -b(It)15 b(is)f(an)327 2132 y(error)h(for)f(this)g(bit)f(to)h(b)q(e)h(set)f -(when)h(an)o(y)e(of)g Fx(QRst)p FC(,)h Fx(BRst)t FC(,)f(or)h -Fx(SRst)k FC(is)c(also)f(set.)150 2215 y Fx(SRst)93 b FC(Soft)12 -b(Reset)h(\()p Fu(MX\045SR==:1B35)p FC(\).)i(When)d(set)g(while)g -Fu(MX\045ENB)e FC(is)i(also)f(set,)i(this)f(\015ag)f(causes)i(the)g(XRH)1918 -2211 y(-)1929 2215 y(1)327 2265 y(to)g(stop)h(its)f(curren)o(t)h(activities,) -f(reset)h(the)g(DMAs)f(and)g(the)g(SCSI)g(buses,)h(and)f(reinitialize)f(its)h -(data)327 2315 y(structures.)33 b(W)m(ork)17 b(in)g(progress,)j(cac)o(he)f -(con)o(ten)o(ts,)g(and)f(an)o(y)f(previous)h(comm)o(unications)d(region)327 -2365 y(assignmen)o(t)h(are)i(lost.)26 b(When)17 b(the)h(reinitialization)d -(is)i(complete,)f(the)i(XRH)1604 2361 y(-)1615 2365 y(1)f(will)e(rep)q(ort)j -(itself)327 2414 y(ready)e(in)e(its)h(status)h(w)o(ord.)21 -b(It)15 b(is)g(an)g(error)h(for)e(this)h(bit)g(to)g(b)q(e)g(set)h(when)g(an)o -(y)e(of)g Fx(QRst)p FC(,)h Fx(BRst)t FC(,)g(or)327 2464 y Fx(HRst)j -FC(is)c(also)f(set.)p 150 2491 720 2 v 181 2518 a Fm(35)214 -2529 y Fl(Note,)e(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)f(as)h(presen)o(tly)f(implemen)o(t)o(ed,) -e(when)k(the)f(XRH)1101 2526 y(-)1111 2529 y(1)h(is)f(\\h)o(ung")f(\(e.g.,)g -(in)i(a)f(micro)q(co)q(de)e(lo)q(op)h(in)i(whic)o(h)f(it)g(do)q(es)150 -2569 y(not)g(pa)o(y)f(atten)o(tion)f(to)i(the)g(bac)o(kplane)e(bus\),)h(this) -h(command)e(ma)o(y)h(b)q(e)h(ignored.)p eop -%%Page: 304 108 -304 107 bop 0 50 a FC(304)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FC(A)c(Device)p -163 195 13 2 v 16 w(Con)o(trol)f(data)h(w)o(ord)g(directed)i(to)e(the)g(XRH) -879 191 y(-)891 195 y(1)g(at)g(address)h(1)f(\()p Fu(.MXCRA)p -FC(\))f(iden)o(ti\014es)i(\(as)g(a)e(bus{address)0 245 y(w)o(ord\))15 -b(the)h(lo)q(cation)f(of)g(the)h(comm)o(unicatio)o(ns)d(region.)23 -b(Changing)14 b(the)i(comm)o(unicatio)o(ns)d(region)i(address)i(is)0 -295 y(an)12 b(error)i(unless)g(comm)o(unicati)o(ons)c(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)k(the) -g(CPU)f(and)f(the)i(XRH)1160 291 y(-)1171 295 y(1)f(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)i -(brough)o(t)f(to)f(quiescence.)0 380 y(A)g(Device)p 165 380 -V 16 w(Con)o(trol)f(data)h(w)o(ord)g(directed)i(to)e(the)h(XRH)894 -376 y(-)905 380 y(1)f(at)g(address)i(2)e(\()p Fu(.MXTO)p FC(\))f(iden)o -(ti\014es)i(\(as)f(a)g(bus)h(address)0 430 y(w)o(ord\))i(the)h(lo)q(cation)f -(of)g(the)g(next)h(\\T)m(o)f(XRH)748 426 y(-)759 430 y(1")g(MSCB.)g(That)h -(MSCB)g(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)j(the)g(head)g(of)e(a)h(list)g(of)g(\\T)m(o)0 -480 y(XRH)95 476 y(-)107 480 y(1")f(MSCBs.)22 b(F)m(rom)14 -b(the)h(p)q(oin)o(t)g(of)f(view)h(of)f(the)i(CPU,)f(this)g(lo)q(cation)f(is)h -(write{only)m(.)20 b(It)15 b(is)g(an)g(error)h(to)0 530 y(write)e(to)g(this)g -(cell)g(unless)g(a)g(comm)o(unicatio)o(ns)e(region)h(has)h(b)q(een)h -(established.)0 615 y(A)k(Device)p 172 615 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)g(data)f(w)o -(ord)h(directed)h(to)f(the)g(XRH)940 611 y(-)952 615 y(1)g(at)f(address)j(3)d -(\()p Fu(.MXSTR==:3)p FC(\))f(con)o(tains)i(a)g(bus{)0 665 -y(address)14 b(w)o(ord.)k(The)c(XRH)446 661 y(-)457 665 y(1)f(will)f(resp)q -(ond)i(b)o(y)f(storing)g(its)g(curren)o(t)h(status)g(at)f(the)h(lo)q(cation)e -(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f(the)0 715 y(BA)-5 b(W.)16 b(Although)f(it)g(is)g -(preferred)j(that)e(the)g(status)g(b)q(e)h(read)f(from)e(the)i(comm)o -(unicati)o(ons)d(region,)j(there)h(are)0 765 y(some)f(circumstances)h(\(for)f -(instance,)i(when)f(there)h(is)e(no)h(comm)o(unicati)o(ons)d(region)i -(assigned\))h(when)g(this)g(is)0 815 y(the)g(b)q(est)h(w)o(a)o(y)e(to)g(read) -h(the)g(status.)27 b(\(In)17 b(con)o(trast)g(to)f(a)h(Device)p -1069 815 V 15 w(Status)p 1199 815 V 16 w(Request)g(cycle)g(to)g(address)g(0,) -g(this)0 864 y(metho)q(d)c(cannot)h(result)h(in)e(a)h(bus)g(timeout.\))0 -950 y(A)19 b(Device)p 172 950 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)g(data)f(w)o(ord)h(directed)h -(to)f(the)g(XRH)940 946 y(-)952 950 y(1)g(at)f(address)j(4)d(\()p -Fu(.MXCRR==:4)p FC(\))f(con)o(tains)i(a)g(bus{)0 1000 y(address)c(w)o(ord.)i -(The)d(XRH)446 996 y(-)458 1000 y(1)f(will)e(resp)q(ond)k(b)o(y)e(storing)g -(its)g(curren)o(t)i(comm)o(unicatio)o(ns)c(region)i(assignmen)o(t)f(at)0 -1050 y(the)i(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(BA)-5 -b(W.)14 b(When)g(the)g(program)e(do)q(es)i(not)f(kno)o(w)g(what)h(comm)o -(unicatio)o(ns)d(region)0 1099 y(is)i(assigned)h(\(for)f(example,)f(when)i -Fw(TDBoot)g FC(gains)f(con)o(trol)g(after)h(a)f(program)f(terminates\),)h -(this)g(is)h(the)g(b)q(est)0 1149 y(w)o(a)o(y)g(to)h(obtain)f(the)i(lo)q -(cation)e(of)g(the)i(comm)o(unicatio)o(ns)d(region.)21 b(\(In)15 -b(con)o(trast)h(to)e(a)h(Device)p 1511 1149 V 16 w(Status)p -1642 1149 V 15 w(Request)0 1199 y(cycle)g(to)e(address)j(1,)d(this)h(metho)q -(d)f(cannot)h(result)g(in)g(a)f(bus)i(timeout.\))0 1285 y(Device)p -122 1285 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)f(cycles)h(directed)g(to)f(other)g(addresses)i -(are)e(reserv)o(ed.)0 1436 y Fy(3.12.2)55 b(Comm)n(unication)17 -b(Bet)n(w)n(een)h(the)g(CPU)i(and)f(the)f(XRH)1404 1432 y(-)1420 -1436 y(1)0 1549 y FC(Comm)o(uni)o(cation)c(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)k(the)g(CPU)f -(\(op)q(erating)g(system\))f(and)h(the)g(XRH)1262 1545 y(-)1274 -1549 y(1)g(in)o(v)o(olv)o(es)e(a)i(comm)o(unications)0 1599 -y(region)f(and)g(instances)h(of)e(a)h(data)f(structure)k(called)c(a)h -(Mass{Storage)g(Con)o(trol)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)g(\(MSCB\).)g(The)g(com-)0 -1648 y(m)o(unications)e(region)h(and)g(ev)o(ery)i(MSCB)f(is)f(con)o(tained)h -(within)f(the)h(main)e(memory)f(space)j(of)f(the)h(system.)1765 -1633 y Fn(36)0 1698 y FC(An)e(MSCB)h(m)o(ust)f(o)q(ccup)o(y)h(precisely)g -(one)f(memory)e(\(cac)o(he\))k(line;)d(th)o(us,)i(the)g(address)g(of)f(an)g -(MSCB)h(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)0 1748 y(a)h(m)o(ultiple)f(of)g(8)i(\(o)q(ctal)f -(10\))g(and)h(the)g(length)f(of)g(the)i(MSCB)f(is)f(8.)20 b(This)14 -b(restriction)i(is)e(due)h(to)g(the)g(XRH)1740 1744 y(-)1751 -1748 y(1's)0 1798 y(preference)k(for)c(using)h(the)g(more)f(e\016cien)o(t)i -(Line)p 792 1798 V 15 w(Read)p 900 1798 V 15 w(Request)f(and)g(Line)p -1237 1798 V 15 w(W)m(rite)g(bac)o(kplane)g(bus)g(cycles)h(to)0 -1848 y(reference)d(memory)m(.)g(The)d(comm)o(unications)d(region)j(is)g(also) -f(eigh)o(t)h(w)o(ords)h(long)e(and)h(aligned)f(on)h(an)g(eigh)o(t{w)o(ord)0 -1898 y(b)q(oundary)m(.)17 b(The)c(memory)e(pages)i(con)o(taining)f(the)h -(comm)o(unications)d(region)i(and)h(the)g(MSCBs)h(should)f(not)f(b)q(e)0 -1947 y(cac)o(hed;)18 b(otherwise,)f(the)f(op)q(erating)g(system)g(w)o(ould)g -(ha)o(v)o(e)f(to)h(\015ush)h(the)g(cac)o(he)g(to)f(v)n(alidate)e(the)j -(in{memory)0 1997 y(v)o(ersions)d(of)g(these)h(data)f(structures.)0 -2141 y Fz(3.12.2.1)48 b(Comm)o(unication)o(s)13 b(Region)0 -2253 y FC(The)g(comm)o(unications)d(region)j(is)g(an)g(eigh)o(t{w)o(ord)f(\() -p Fu(.MXCRL==:10)p FC(\))f(area)i(of)g(main)e(memory)f(iden)o(ti\014ed)k(b)o -(y)e(the)0 2303 y(bus{address)18 b(w)o(ord)d(that)i(sp)q(eci\014es)g(the)g -(\014rst)g(w)o(ord)f(of)f(the)i(region.)24 b(The)17 b(comm)o(uni)o(cations)d -(region)h(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)0 2353 y(allo)q(cated)j(at)f(an)h(address)i(that)e -(is)g(a)f(m)o(ultiple)f(of)h(eigh)o(t.)31 b(The)18 b(format)e(of)i(the)g -(comm)o(unications)d(region)j(is)0 2403 y(sho)o(wn)c(in)f(Figure)h(3.6.)0 -2488 y(The)19 b(comm)o(unicatio)o(ns)d(region)i(is)g(allo)q(cated)g(b)o(y)g -(the)h(CPU.)f(The)h(CPU)g(informs)d(the)j(XRH)1535 2484 y(-)1547 -2488 y(1)f(of)g(the)h(lo)q(ca-)p 0 2523 720 2 v 31 2550 a Fm(36)64 -2561 y Fl(Copies)10 b(of)h(these)f(data)g(structures)f(exist)h(also)h(in)g -(the)f(XRH)887 2558 y(-)898 2561 y(1;)h(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)e(this)i -(explanation)d(is)j(directed)e(to)o(w)o(ards)h(explaining)0 -2601 y(the)h(action)f(of)h(the)g(XRH)348 2598 y(-)358 2601 -y(1)h(from)e(the)h(p)q(oin)o(t)f(of)h(view)g(of)h(the)e(CPU)j(or)e(Monitor.)p -eop -%%Page: 305 109 -305 108 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.12.)31 b(XRH)363 46 y(-)374 50 y(1)14 -b(MASS{STORA)o(GE)f(INTERF)-5 b(A)o(CE)15 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)606 -b FC(305)412 230 y Fy(Figure)18 b(3.6:)24 b(XRH)832 226 y(-)848 -230 y(1)18 b(Comm)n(unications)f(Region)h(F)-5 b(ormat)p 241 -1158 1495 2 v 240 1157 2 831 v 241 327 1495 2 v 1734 1157 2 -831 v 364 1169 2 13 v 489 1169 V 613 1169 V 738 1169 V 862 -1169 V 987 1178 2 21 v 1111 1169 2 13 v 1236 1169 V 1361 1169 -V 1485 1169 V 1610 1169 V 158 1118 a FC(7)1776 1119 y(Reserv)o(ed)p -241 1054 1495 2 v 158 1014 a(6)1776 1016 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 241 -950 V 158 911 a(5)1776 910 y Fu(.MXBID)p 241 846 V 158 807 -a FC(4)1776 806 y Fu(.MXPIA)p 241 742 V 158 703 a FC(3)1776 -702 y Fu(.MXFRM)p 241 639 V 158 599 a FC(2)1597 b Fu(.MXTO)p -241 535 V 158 496 a FC(1)1776 495 y Fu(.MXCRA)p 241 431 V 158 -392 a FC(0)1776 391 y Fu(.MXCRS)1698 1187 y Fn(35)p 1734 430 -2 104 v -1479 w(0)p 240 430 V 861 393 a Fx(XRH)955 389 y(-)967 -393 y(1)15 b(Status)1698 1187 y Fn(35)p 1734 534 V -1479 w(0)p -240 534 V 485 493 a Fx(XRH)579 489 y(-)592 493 y(1)g(Communic)n(ations)h(R)n -(e)n(gion)f(\(a)g(Bus)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(Wor)n(d\))1698 1187 -y Fn(35)p 1734 638 V -1479 w(0)p 240 638 V 678 596 a Fx(T)m(o)g(XRH)835 -592 y(-)848 596 y(1)g(\(a)g(Bus{A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(Wor)n(d\))1698 -1187 y Fn(35)p 1734 742 V -1479 w(0)p 240 742 V 655 700 a Fx(F)m(r)n(om)f -(XRH)858 696 y(-)871 700 y(1)h(\(a)g(Bus{A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(Wor)n(d\))1698 -1187 y Fn(35)p 1734 845 V -1479 w(0)p 240 845 V 657 804 a Fx -(Priority{Interrupt)f(L)n(evel)g(Assignment)378 1187 y Fn(3)p -406 949 V -142 w(0)p 240 949 V 313 911 a FC(0)701 1187 y Fn(11)p -738 949 V -316 w(4)p 406 949 V 489 912 a Fx(Bus)i(0)f(ID)1033 -1187 y Fn(19)p 1070 949 V -324 w(12)p 738 949 V 821 912 a Fx(Bus)h(1)f(ID) -1366 1187 y Fn(27)p 1402 949 V -325 w(20)p 1070 949 V 1153 -912 a Fx(Bus)h(2)f(ID)1698 1187 y Fn(35)p 1734 949 V -325 w(28)p -1402 949 V 1486 912 a Fx(Bus)g(3)g(ID)1698 1187 y Fn(35)p 1734 -1053 V -1479 w(0)p 240 1053 V 1428 w(35)p 1734 1157 V -1479 -w(0)p 240 1157 V 150 1364 a FC(tion)i(of)g(the)h(comm)o(unicatio)o(ns)d -(region)j(b)o(y)f(sending)h(the)g(bus{address)h(w)o(ord)e(as)h(data)f(in)g(a) -g(Device)p 1799 1364 13 2 v 16 w(Con)o(trol)150 1414 y(cycle)g(directed)g(to) -e(the)i(XRH)637 1410 y(-)648 1414 y(1)f(at)g(address)h(1.)23 -b(If)16 b(the)g(XRH)1156 1410 y(-)1168 1414 y(1)f(do)q(es)i(not)e(already)h -(ha)o(v)o(e)g(a)f(comm)o(unications)150 1464 y(region)k(assigned,)h(the)g -(XRH)634 1460 y(-)646 1464 y(1)e(accepts)j(this)e(assignmen)o(t)f(and)h(ac)o -(kno)o(wledges)h(it)f(b)o(y)f(writing)h(the)h(XRH)1918 1460 -y(-)1929 1464 y(1)150 1514 y(status)g(\(including)d(Comm)o(unications)f -(Region)i(Established\))h(in)f(w)o(ord)h(0)f(of)h(the)g(comm)o(unicatio)o(ns) -e(region.)150 1564 y(In)h(normal)d(op)q(erations,)j(this)g(status)h(w)o(ord)e -(will)f(thereafter)j(b)q(e)g(the)f(same)e(as)i(the)g(one)g(rep)q(orted)h(b)o -(y)f(a)f(De-)150 1613 y(vice)p 222 1613 V 15 w(Status)p 352 -1613 V 16 w(Request)f(to)g(address)h(0;)f(abnormal)d(situations)i(are)i -(describ)q(ed)g(in)e(the)i(next)f(paragraph.)23 b(Up)q(on)150 -1663 y(successful)17 b(assignmen)o(t)d(of)g(a)h(comm)o(unicati)o(ons)e -(region,)h(the)i(XRH)1251 1659 y(-)1262 1663 y(1)f(will)f(read)h(the)h(new)f -(priorit)o(y{in)o(terrupt)150 1713 y(lev)o(el)e(assignmen)o(t)g(and)g(the)h -(SCSI)g(bus)g(addresses)i(from)c(w)o(ords)i(4)f(and)g(5)h(of)f(the)h(new)g -(region.)k(These)c(are)g(read)150 1763 y(just)g(once:)19 b(subsequen)o(t)c(c) -o(hanges)g(to)f(these)h(memory)c(lo)q(cations)j(are)g(ignored)g(b)o(y)f(the)i -(XRH)1642 1759 y(-)1654 1763 y(1.)150 1848 y(If)h(the)h(XRH)363 -1844 y(-)375 1848 y(1's)f(status)h(write)g(is)f(unsuccessful)j(or)d(if)g(the) -h(comm)o(unicatio)o(ns)d(region)i(address)i(is)f(not)f(a)g(m)o(ul-)150 -1898 y(tiple)f(of)g(8,)g(the)h(Bad)g(Comm)o(unicati)o(ons)d(Region)i(bit)g -(will)f(b)q(e)i(set)h(in)e(the)h(status)g(w)o(ord)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(via)i -(Device)150 1948 y(Status)g(address)h(0.)k(If)15 b(a)f(previous)h(comm)o -(unications)d(region)i(had)h(b)q(een)h(assigned,)f(and)f(if)g(there)i(are)f -(MSCBs)150 1998 y(outstanding)e(for)h(that)g(region,)f(then)h(the)h(XRH)929 -1994 y(-)940 1998 y(1)f(rejects)i(the)e(new)g(comm)o(unications)d(region)i -(assignmen)o(t:)k(it)150 2048 y(writes)f(the)f(address)h(of)f(the)g -(established)h(region)f(in)f(w)o(ord)h(1)g(of)f(the)i(new,)f(rejected)i(comm) -o(unicatio)o(ns)c(region,)150 2097 y(and)k(it)g(sets)h(Comm)o(unicatio)o(ns)d -(Region)h(Rejected)j(\(and)e(all)f(other)i(approriate)f(status)h(bits,)g -(including)e(bits)150 2147 y(0{7\))d(in)h(w)o(ord)f(0)h(of)f(the)i(rejected)h -(region.)150 2233 y Fx(Note)s FC(:)j(The)c(correct)h(w)o(a)o(y)e(to)g(c)o -(hange)h(comm)o(unicati)o(ons)d(regions)j(is)f(to)g(bring)g(all)f(activit)o -(y)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(the)f(CPU)150 2283 y(and)j(the)h(XRH)406 -2279 y(-)417 2283 y(1)f(to)g(quiescence)j(b)o(y)c(means)h(of)f(a)h(\\Release) -h(Comm)n(unications)c(Region")i(command)e(in)j(an)150 2332 -y(MSCB)d(sen)o(t)g(to)f(the)i(XRH)591 2328 y(-)602 2332 y(1.)k(A)14 -b(CPU)h(insisten)o(t)g(on)f(c)o(hanging)g(comm)o(unicatio)o(ns)e(regions)j -(imm)o(ediately)d(can)150 2382 y(do)i(so)g(b)o(y)f(sending)h(the)h(XRH)633 -2378 y(-)645 2382 y(1)e(a)h(Soft)f(Reset)i(via)e(a)h(Device)g(Con)o(trol)f -(function)h(to)f(address)j(0.)150 2468 y(The)e(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(the)g -(comm)o(unications)d(region)j(are)g(as)g(describ)q(ed)h(here:)150 -2536 y(0)91 b(XRH)357 2532 y(-)369 2536 y(1)15 b(Status)h(\()p -Fu(.MXCRS)p FC(\).)f(This)g(is)h(the)g(preferred)i(lo)q(cation)c(from)g(whic) -o(h)i(to)f(read)h(the)h(status)f(of)f(the)262 2585 y(XRH)357 -2581 y(-)369 2585 y(1.)35 b(The)21 b(data)e(found)g(here)i(is)f(in)f(the)i -(same)e(format)f(as)i(describ)q(ed)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f(for)f(the)i(XRH)1890 -2581 y(-)1901 2585 y(1's)p eop -%%Page: 306 110 -306 109 bop 0 50 a FC(306)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)112 195 y FC(resp)q(onse)j(to)d(Device) -p 454 195 13 2 v 15 w(Status)p 584 195 V 16 w(Request)h(cycle)h(to)e(address) -i(0.)k(The)15 b(CPU)g(initializes)e(this)i(w)o(ord)g(to)f(zero)112 -245 y(in)j(memory)e(b)q(efore)k(telling)d(the)i(XRH)757 241 -y(-)769 245 y(1)f(the)h(address)h(of)e(the)h(comm)o(unications)d(region.)29 -b(The)18 b(CPU)112 295 y(can)c(v)o(erify)f(that)h(the)g(XRH)559 -291 y(-)571 295 y(1)f(has)h(accepted)h(this)f(region)f(b)o(y)h(this)f(w)o -(ord)h(rep)q(orting)g(\\Comm)n(unications)112 345 y(Region)f(Established")h -(along)f(with)g(the)i(XRH)866 341 y(-)878 345 y(1)e(device)i(t)o(yp)q(e,)f -(subt)o(yp)q(e,)g(and)g(p)q(ossible)g(other)h(status.)0 430 -y(1)91 b(Comm)o(unicati)o(ons)11 b(Region)i(Address)j(\()p -Fu(.MXCRA)p FC(\).)112 498 y(In)g(normal)d(op)q(erations,)j(this)g(lo)q -(cation)f(con)o(tains)g(the)i(same)d(bus{address)k(w)o(ord)d(as)h(w)o(as)f -(written)i(in)o(to)112 548 y(the)f(XRH)280 544 y(-)292 548 -y(1's)f(Device)p 478 548 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)p 631 548 V 30 w(Address)i(1)f(to) -f(assign)g(a)h(comm)o(uni)o(cations)d(region.)23 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)16 -b(if)e(the)112 597 y(newly)k(assigned)h(comm)o(unicatio)o(ns)d(region)i(is)g -(rejected)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(XRH)1282 593 y(-)1294 597 y(1)f(b)q(ecause)i(of)e -(a)g(pre{existing)112 647 y(assignmen)o(t,)e(the)h(XRH)510 -643 y(-)522 647 y(1)f(will)f(write)i(the)g(bac)o(kplane)f(bus)h(address)h(w)o -(ord)e(corresp)q(onding)i(to)e(the)h(es-)112 697 y(tablished)c(comm)o -(unications)e(region)i(in)g(this)h(lo)q(cation;)e(apart)h(from)f(this)h(and)h -(the)g(error)g(status)g(\()p Fx(CRR)r FC(,)112 747 y(etc.\))19 -b(that)14 b(will)f(b)q(e)h(written)h(in)o(to)e(lo)q(cation)g(0,)g(the)h(XRH) -1036 743 y(-)1048 747 y(1)g(will)e(otherwise)j(ignore)e(this)h(region.)0 -832 y(2)91 b(T)m(o)16 b(XRH)271 828 y(-)283 832 y(1)h(\()p -Fu(.MXTO)p FC(\).)e(This)i(w)o(ord)g(con)o(tains)g(the)g(bus{address)i(w)o -(ord)d(that)h(sp)q(eci\014es)i(the)f(lo)q(cation)e(of)112 882 -y(an)i(MSCB)g(or)g(zero.)31 b(When)18 b(the)h(CPU)f(w)o(an)o(ts)g(to)g(send)h -(an)e(MSCB)i(to)f(the)g(XRH)1492 878 y(-)1504 882 y(1,)g(it)g(c)o(hec)o(ks)h -(this)112 932 y(lo)q(cation.)g(If)14 b(this)h(lo)q(cation)e(con)o(tains)i -(zero,)g(the)g(XRH)1001 928 y(-)1013 932 y(1)f(is)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)f(to)h -(accept)i(another)f(MSCB:)f(the)112 982 y(CPU)h(writes)g(the)g(address)h(of)e -(the)h(MSCB)g(\(whic)o(h)g(migh)o(t)d(b)q(e)j(the)g(head)g(of)f(an)g(MSCB)h -(list\);)f(the)i(CPU)112 1032 y(writes)f(the)f(same)f(address)i(to)f(the)h -(XRH)776 1028 y(-)787 1032 y(1)f(as)g(data)f(in)h(a)f(Device)p -1172 1032 V 16 w(Con)o(trol)g(bus)h(cycle)h(to)f(address)h(2.)112 -1099 y(If)g(this)h(lo)q(cation)e(is)i(non{zero,)g(the)g(CPU)g(m)o(ust)e(w)o -(ait)h(un)o(til)g(it)g(b)q(ecomes)h(zero)g(b)q(efore)g(writing)f(in)o(to)g -(it;)112 1149 y(when)f(the)h(XRH)387 1145 y(-)399 1149 y(1)e(writes)i(zero)g -(in)o(to)e(this)h(lo)q(cation,)e(it)i(will)e(pro)o(vide)i(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i -(to)f(the)g(CPU.)112 1217 y(The)g(XRH)292 1213 y(-)303 1217 -y(1)f(resp)q(onds)i(to)e(the)h(Device)p 752 1217 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)f(cycle)h -(to)f(address)i(2)d(b)o(y)h(adding)g(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(MSCB)112 -1267 y(to)f(its)g(list)g(of)f(MSCBs)i(to)f(pro)q(cess.)21 b(A)o(t)14 -b(some)f(p)q(oin)o(t,)g(the)i(XRH)1153 1263 y(-)1165 1267 y(1)f(will)e(write) -j(zero)g(in)o(to)e(w)o(ord)h(2)g(of)f(the)112 1316 y(comm)o(unications)c -(region)j(\(and,)g(if)f(enabled)h(to)g(do)f(so,)h(it)g(in)o(terrupts)h(the)g -(CPU\))f(to)g(signal)f(its)h(readiness)112 1366 y(to)i(accept)h(further)g -(MSCBs.)0 1452 y(3)91 b(F)m(rom)16 b(XRH)320 1448 y(-)332 1452 -y(1)i(\()p Fu(.MXFRM)p FC(\).)e(When)j(this)f(lo)q(cation)f(con)o(tains)h(a)g -(non{zero)g(v)n(alue,)g(the)h(v)n(alue)e(is)h(a)g(bus{)112 -1502 y(address)g(w)o(ord)e(that)g(de\014nes)i(the)f(lo)q(cation)e(of)h(an)g -(MSCB)h(\(or)f(the)h(head)g(of)e(a)h(list)g(of)g(MSCBs\))h(b)q(eing)112 -1551 y(returned)e(to)d(the)i(CPU)f(b)o(y)g(the)g(XRH)724 1547 -y(-)736 1551 y(1.)k(When)d(the)f(CPU)g(sees)i(a)d(non{zero)i(v)n(alue)e(in)h -(this)g(lo)q(cation,)e(it)112 1601 y(copies)k(that)e(v)n(alue)h(as)g(an)f -(MSCB)i(list)e(to)h(b)q(e)g(pro)q(cessed)j(and)c(then)i(sets)g(this)f(lo)q -(cation)f(to)h(zero.)112 1669 y(When)i(the)g(XRH)403 1665 y(-)415 -1669 y(1)g(has)g(MSCBs)g(to)g(return)h(to)e(the)i(CPU,)e(it)h(c)o(hec)o(ks)h -(the)f(v)n(alue)f(of)h(this)g(lo)q(cation.)22 b(If)112 1719 -y(the)13 b(lo)q(cation)e(is)h(zero,)g(the)h(XRH)640 1715 y(-)652 -1719 y(1)e(stores)j(the)e(address)h(of)f(the)g(returned)i(MSCB)e(\(list\))g -(in)g(this)g(lo)q(cation)112 1769 y(and,)i(if)f(enabled,)i(it)f(requests)i -(an)e(in)o(terrupt.)21 b(If)14 b(the)h(lo)q(cation)e(is)h(non{zero,)h(the)g -(XRH)1533 1765 y(-)1544 1769 y(1)g(accum)o(ulates)112 1818 -y(a)g(list)g(of)g(MSCBs)i(to)e(b)q(e)h(returned,)i(and)d(it)g(c)o(hec)o(ks)i -(p)q(erio)q(dically)e(to)g(see)i(if)e(the)h(lo)q(cation)e(has)i(b)q(ecome)112 -1868 y(zero.)0 1954 y(4)91 b(XRH)207 1950 y(-)219 1954 y(1)11 -b(Priorit)o(y{In)o(terrupt)i(Lev)o(el)f(Assignmen)o(t)f(\()p -Fu(.MXPIA)p FC(\).)f(This)i(lo)q(cation)f(con)o(tains)h(the)g(slot)g(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)112 2004 y(of)17 b(the)h(CPU)g(to)g(b)q(e)g(in)o(terrupted)h(b)o(y)e -(the)h(XRH)913 2000 y(-)925 2004 y(1)f(and)h(the)g(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el)g -(to)g(whic)o(h)h(the)g(XRH)1722 2000 y(-)1734 2004 y(1)f(is)112 -2053 y(assigned.)22 b(The)16 b(CPU)f(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(is)g(presen)o -(t)i(in)e(bits)g(3{6,)f(in)h(the)h(same)e(format)f(as)j(a)e(bus{address)112 -2103 y(w)o(ord.)20 b(The)14 b(priorit)o(y)g(lev)o(el)g(is)g(in)g(bits)h -(33{35.)j(This)c(lo)q(cation)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(initialized)e(b)o(y)h(the)h -(CPU)g(prior)112 2153 y(to)d(assigning)g(the)h(comm)o(unications)d(region)i -(to)g(the)h(XRH)1050 2149 y(-)1062 2153 y(1,)f(b)q(ecause)i(the)f(XRH)1424 -2149 y(-)1436 2153 y(1)f(reads)h(this)g(lo)q(cation)112 2203 -y(only)i(once,)h(follo)o(wing)d(the)j(assignmen)o(t)e(of)h(the)h(comm)o -(unications)d(region.)22 b(Changing)15 b(the)h(priorit)o(y)f(of)112 -2253 y(the)h(XRH)280 2249 y(-)292 2253 y(1)f(requires)h(the)g(assignmen)o(t)e -(of)h(a)g(new)h(comm)o(unications)c(region.)22 b(A)16 b(zero)g(in)f(the)h(lo) -q(cation)112 2302 y(directs)f(the)g(XRH)413 2298 y(-)424 2302 -y(1)f(to)g(a)o(v)o(oid)e(the)j(use)f(of)g(in)o(terrupts.)0 -2388 y(5)91 b(XRH)207 2384 y(-)219 2388 y(1)14 b(SCSI)g(Bus)h(Iden)o -(ti\014cation)f(Num)o(b)q(ers)g(\()p Fu(.MXBID)p FC(\).)f(This)h(lo)q(cation) -f(is)h(set)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(CPU)g(\(usually)112 2438 y(from)e(data)h(in)g(its) -g(non{v)o(olatile)e(memory\))g(prior)j(to)f(the)h(assignmen)o(t)e(of)h(the)h -(comm)o(unicatio)o(ns)d(region)112 2488 y(to)18 b(the)g(XRH)337 -2484 y(-)348 2488 y(1.)29 b(The)18 b(lo)q(cation)f(con)o(tains)g(four)h(SCSI) -f(ID)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(to)f(b)q(e)h(used)h(b)o(y)e(the)h(XRH)1706 -2484 y(-)1718 2488 y(1)f(on)112 2537 y(its)e(four)g(SCSI)h(buses)g(\()p -Fu(MSKSTR)21 b(\(MX\045ID,.MXBID,377B)o(11\))p FC(\).)e(The)d(most)e -(signi\014can)o(t)h(bit)g(of)f(eac)o(h)i(ID)112 2587 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)d -(\014eld)h(\()p Fu(MX\045OFL==:200)p FC(\),)d(if)i(set,)i(signi\014es)f(that) -g(the)g(c)o(hannel)g(is)g(to)g(b)q(e)g(k)o(ept)g(o\017ine.)p -eop -%%Page: 307 111 -307 110 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.12.)31 b(XRH)363 46 y(-)374 50 y(1)14 -b(MASS{STORA)o(GE)f(INTERF)-5 b(A)o(CE)15 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)606 -b FC(307)150 195 y Fz(3.12.2.2)48 b(Comm)o(unication)o(s)13 -b(Proto)q(col)150 307 y FC(Requests)j(for)e(service)i(are)f(sync)o(hronous)h -(with)e(the)h(activit)o(y)f(of)g(the)h(CPU.)g(That)f(is,)h(the)g(CPU)g -(generates)h(all)150 357 y(requests)f(for)f(service.)19 b(These)c(requests)g -(are)f(fashioned)f(in)o(to)g(MSCBs,)h(the)g(MSCBs)g(are)g(link)o(ed)f -(together)i(as)e(a)150 407 y(list.)19 b(A)c(list)f(of)g(MSCBs)h(is)g(handed)g -(to)f(the)h(XRH)959 403 y(-)971 407 y(1)f(via)g(its)g(\\T)m(o)g(XRH)1311 -403 y(-)1322 407 y(1")g(lo)q(cation)g(in)g(the)h(comm)o(unications)150 -457 y(region)f(and)f(b)o(y)h(a)g(Device)g(Con)o(trol)f(function)h(to)f -(address)j(2.)150 542 y(Ac)o(kno)o(wlegemen)o(ts,)d(that)h(is,)f(a)g(list)g -(of)h(completed)f(requests,)i(are)f(handed)g(bac)o(k)g(to)f(the)i(CPU)f(via)f -(the)h(\\F)m(rom)150 592 y(XRH)245 588 y(-)257 592 y(1")f(lo)q(cation)g(in)g -(the)i(comm)o(unicatio)o(ns)d(region)h(and)h(an)g(in)o(terrupt)g(\(if)g -(enabled\).)150 678 y(Async)o(hronous)g(ev)o(en)o(ts)g(\(e.g.,)e(a)h(disk)f -(driv)o(e)h(coming)e(on{line\))h(are)i(announced)f(b)o(y)g(the)h(XRH)1664 -674 y(-)1675 678 y(1)f(via)f(A)o(tten)o(tion)150 728 y(status)k(and)f(an)g -(in)o(terrupt)h(\(if)f(enabled\).)23 b(The)16 b(CPU)f(resp)q(onds)i(to)e(an)g -(A)o(tten)o(tion)h(in)o(terrupt)g(b)o(y)f(sending)g(the)150 -777 y(XRH)245 773 y(-)257 777 y(1)10 b(an)g(MSCB)h(of)f(status)h(\\Rep)q(ort) -g(Async)o(hronous)g(or)f(Error)i(Status".)17 b(The)11 b(XRH)1555 -773 y(-)1566 777 y(1)f(\014lls)g(the)h(MSCB)g(with)150 827 -y(a)17 b(Request)h(Sense)h(command)14 b(and)j(information)e(to)i(iden)o(tify) -f(the)i(clamoring)d(unit,)i(p)q(erforms)g(the)h(Request)150 -877 y(Sense,)d(and)f(returns)h(the)g(MSCB)g(in)e(due)i(course.)k(The)c(XRH) -1157 873 y(-)1169 877 y(1)e(holds)h(an)o(y)g(MSCBs)g(that)h(the)f(CPU)h -(supplies)150 927 y(that)k(ha)o(v)o(e)f(status)i(\\Rep)q(ort)e(Async)o -(hronous)i(or)f(Error)g(Status")g(un)o(til)f(it)g(is)h(necessary)i(to)d(rep)q -(ort)i(suc)o(h)f(an)150 977 y(ev)o(en)o(t.)k(If)14 b(the)i(XRH)490 -973 y(-)502 977 y(1)f(is)g(holding)f(suc)o(h)i(a)e(command)f(blo)q(c)o(k)i -(at)g(the)g(time)f(an)h(async)o(hronous)h(or)f(error)h(ev)o(en)o(t)150 -1027 y(o)q(ccurs,)e(the)f(XRH)454 1023 y(-)465 1027 y(1)f(will)f(rep)q(ort)j -(the)e(ev)o(en)o(t)h(in)f(that)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(and)g(return)h(it)f(in)g(due)h -(course)h(\(without)e(explicitly)150 1076 y(requesting)j(an)e(in)o(terrupt)i -(to)f(service)h(the)g(A)o(tten)o(tion)f(condition\).)150 1162 -y(T)m(o)k(ensure)i(that)e(eac)o(h)h(in)o(terrupting)g(condition)e(is)i(pro)q -(cessed)h(prop)q(erly)m(,)f(on)f(pro)q(cessing)i(an)e(in)o(terrupt)h(the)150 -1212 y(CPU)14 b(will)f(p)q(erform)g(the)h(follo)o(wing)d(steps)16 -b(in)d(sequence:)212 1330 y FA(\017)21 b FC(clear)14 b(the)h(XRH)520 -1326 y(-)531 1330 y(1)f(in)o(terrupt)g(request)i(for)d(the)i(bac)o(kplane)f -(slot)f(in)h(question,)212 1397 y FA(\017)21 b FC(examine)12 -b(eac)o(h)j(p)q(ossible)f(condition)f(that)h(could)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(caused)i -(the)g(in)o(terrupt)g(and)e(handle)h(eac)o(h,)g(and)212 1463 -y FA(\017)21 b FC(then)14 b(dismiss)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt.)150 -1582 y(Similarly)l(,)k(the)i(XRH)514 1578 y(-)526 1582 y(1)f(will)f(treat)j -(eac)o(h)f(condition)f(that)h(can)g(in)o(terrupt)g(as)g(follo)o(ws:)28 -b(mak)o(e)18 b(appropriate)150 1632 y(c)o(hanges)i(to)f(the)h(comm)o(uni)o -(cations)d(region)i(\(T)m(o)f(XRH)1060 1628 y(-)1072 1632 y(1,)h(F)m(rom)f -(XRH)1334 1628 y(-)1345 1632 y(1,)i(and/or)f(XRH)1637 1628 -y(-)1649 1632 y(1)f(Status\))i(b)q(efore)150 1682 y(requesting)c(the)f(in)o -(terrupt.)22 b(In)14 b(this)h(w)o(a)o(y)m(,)e(system)i(programmers)e(can)i -(ensure)h(that)f(no)g(source)h(of)e(in)o(terrupts)150 1732 -y(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(lost.)150 1817 y(A)e(message)f(of)g(t)o(yp)q(e)i -(\\Release)f(Comm)n(unications)d(Region")h(from)g(the)i(CPU)h(to)e(the)h(XRH) -1605 1813 y(-)1617 1817 y(1)f(directs)i(the)g(latter)150 1867 -y(to)e(bring)g(all)f(outstanding)h(requests)i(to)e(completion.)16 -b(As)c(the)g(XRH)1242 1863 y(-)1253 1867 y(1)f(do)q(es)h(so,)g(the)g(CPU)f -(will)f(drain)h(messages)150 1917 y(from)i(the)i(\\F)m(rom)d(XRH)546 -1913 y(-)558 1917 y(1")h(lo)q(cation)h(and)g(refrain)g(from)f(sending)i -(additional)d(messages.)20 b(When)14 b(the)h(pro)q(cess)150 -1967 y(is)h(complete,)f(the)i(XRH)552 1963 y(-)563 1967 y(1)f(will)f(ac)o -(kno)o(wledge)g(the)i(\\Release)f(Comm)o(unicati)o(ons)e(Region")g(message,)i -(write)g(a)150 2016 y(status)h(w)o(ord)f(in)f(whic)o(h)h(\\Ready")f(is)h -(zero)h(in)e(lo)q(cation)g(0)h(of)f(the)i(comm)o(unicatio)o(ns)d(region,)h -(and)h(release)h(the)150 2066 y(comm)o(unications)c(region.)25 -b(Thereafter,)18 b(the)e(XRH)993 2062 y(-)1005 2066 y(1)g(will)f(b)q(e)h -(idle)g(un)o(til)f(a)h(new)h(comm)o(unications)c(region)j(is)150 -2116 y(assigned.)150 2260 y Fz(3.12.2.3)48 b(Mass{Storage)14 -b(Con)o(trol)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)150 2372 y FC(A)19 b(Mass{Storage)g(Con)o(trol)e -(Blo)q(c)o(k)i(is)f(an)h(eigh)o(t{w)o(ord)f(\()p Fu(.MXBLN==:10)p -FC(\))e(region)i(of)g(memory)e(that)j(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)150 2422 -y(aligned)12 b(on)h(an)g(address)i(that)e(is)g(a)g(m)o(ultiple)e(of)h(eigh)o -(t.)18 b(The)13 b(format)f(of)g(an)h(MSCB)h(is)f(depicted)h(in)f(Figure)g -(3.7.)150 2472 y(Note)j(that)f(the)h(4{bit)f(\014elds)h(in)f(w)o(ords)g(4{6)g -(are)h(reserv)o(ed)h(for)e(the)h(XRH)1347 2468 y(-)1359 2472 -y(1:)21 b(the)16 b(XRH)1581 2468 y(-)1592 2472 y(1)f(ignores)h(the)g(initial) -150 2521 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)e(those)i(\014elds)f(in)g(an)f(MSCB,)h(and)g -(the)g(XRH)1075 2517 y(-)1087 2521 y(1)g(ma)o(y)e(c)o(hange)i(the)g(con)o -(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(those)i(\014elds.)150 2607 y(The)f(meaning)e(of)i(the)g -(\014elds)g(in)g(the)g(Mass{Storage)h(Con)o(trol)e(Blo)q(c)o(k)h(is)f(as)h -(follo)o(ws:)p eop -%%Page: 308 112 -308 111 bop 0 50 a FC(308)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)308 488 y Fy(Figure)k(3.7:)24 -b(Mass{Storage)19 b(Con)n(trol)g(Blo)r(c)n(k)f(F)-5 b(ormat)p -91 1416 1495 2 v 90 1415 2 851 v 91 565 1495 2 v 1584 1415 -2 851 v 214 1428 2 13 v 339 1428 V 463 1428 V 588 1428 V 712 -1428 V 837 1436 2 21 v 961 1428 2 13 v 1086 1428 V 1211 1428 -V 1335 1428 V 1460 1428 V 8 1367 a FC(7)52 1308 y Fa(\032)1626 -1366 y Fu(.MXSTA)1593 1308 y Fa(\033)p 91 1354 1495 2 v 91 -1292 V 8 1252 a FC(6)p 91 1188 V 8 1149 a(5)p 91 1084 V 8 1045 -a(4)1626 1044 y Fu(.MXCMD)p 91 980 V 8 941 a FC(3)1626 940 -y Fu(.MXTAR)p 91 877 V 8 837 a FC(2)1597 b Fu(.MXDBA)p 91 773 -V 8 733 a FC(1)g Fu(.MXBYC)p 91 669 V 8 630 a FC(0)1626 629 -y Fu(.MXLNK)1548 1446 y Fn(35)p 1584 668 2 104 v -1479 w(0)p -90 668 V 446 627 a Fx(Link)15 b(to)g(next)g(MSCB)g(\(a)g(Bus{A)n(ddr)n(ess)g -(Wor)n(d\))228 1446 y Fn(3)p 256 772 V -142 w(0)p 90 772 V -132 734 a Fx(CBS)551 1446 y Fn(11)p 588 772 V -316 w(4)p 256 -772 V 378 734 a Fx(CPU)883 1446 y Fn(19)p 920 772 V -324 w(12)p -588 772 V 689 734 a Fx(F)m(ormat)1548 1446 y Fn(35)p 1584 772 -V -657 w(20)p 920 772 V 1149 730 a Fx(Byte)g(Count)1548 1446 -y Fn(35)p 1584 876 V -1479 w(0)p 90 876 V 192 834 a Fx(Data)h(Bu\013er)f(A)n -(ddr)n(ess)g(or)f(Command)i(List)e(A)n(ddr)n(ess)h(\(a)g(Bus{A)n(ddr)n(ess)g -(Wor)n(d\))228 1446 y Fn(3)p 256 980 V -142 w(0)p 90 980 V -139 942 a Fx(Bus)551 1446 y Fn(11)p 588 980 V -316 w(4)p 256 -980 V 365 938 a Fx(T)m(ar)n(get)883 1446 y Fn(19)p 920 980 -V -324 w(12)p 588 980 V 711 942 a Fx(LUN)1216 1446 y Fn(27)p -1252 980 V -325 w(20)p 920 980 V 1042 942 a Fx(AEC)1548 1446 -y Fn(35)p 1584 980 V -325 w(28)p 1252 980 V 1372 942 a Fx(MAL)551 -1446 y Fn(11)p 588 1083 V -316 w(4)p 256 1083 V 312 1046 a -Fx(Command)h(0)883 1446 y Fn(19)p 920 1083 V -324 w(12)p 588 -1083 V 644 1046 a Fx(Command)g(1)1216 1446 y Fn(27)p 1252 1083 -V -325 w(20)p 920 1083 V 976 1046 a Fx(Command)g(2)1548 1446 -y Fn(35)p 1584 1083 V -325 w(28)p 1252 1083 V 1309 1046 a Fx(Command)f(3)551 -1446 y Fn(11)p 588 1187 V -316 w(4)p 256 1187 V 312 1146 a -Fx(Command)h(4)883 1446 y Fn(19)p 920 1187 V -324 w(12)p 588 -1187 V 644 1150 a Fx(Command)g(5)1216 1446 y Fn(27)p 1252 1187 -V -325 w(20)p 920 1187 V 976 1150 a Fx(Command)g(6)1548 1446 -y Fn(35)p 1584 1187 V -325 w(28)p 1252 1187 V 1309 1146 a Fx(Command)f(7)551 -1446 y Fn(11)p 588 1291 V -316 w(4)p 256 1291 V 312 1253 a -Fx(Command)h(8)883 1446 y Fn(19)p 920 1291 V -324 w(12)p 588 -1291 V 644 1253 a Fx(Command)g(9)1216 1446 y Fn(27)p 1252 1291 -V -325 w(20)p 920 1291 V 966 1253 a Fx(Command)f(10)1548 1446 -y Fn(35)p 1584 1291 V -325 w(28)p 1252 1291 V 1298 1253 a Fx(Command)g(11)228 -1446 y Fn(3)p 256 1353 2 63 v -142 w(0)p 90 1353 V 127 1336 -a Fx(ErrC)551 1446 y Fn(11)p 588 1353 V -316 w(4)p 256 1353 -V 320 1336 a Fx(Sense)g(Co)n(de)883 1446 y Fn(19)p 920 1353 -V -324 w(12)p 588 1353 V 692 1336 a Fx(Status)1216 1446 y Fn(27)p -1252 1353 V -325 w(20)p 920 1353 V 1037 1336 a Fx(ASC)1548 -1446 y Fn(35)p 1584 1353 V -325 w(28)p 1252 1353 V 1354 1332 -a Fx(ASCQ)1548 1446 y Fn(35)p 1584 1415 V -1479 w(0)p 90 1415 -V 356 1395 a Fx(R)n(e)n(quest)g(Sense)h(Bu\013er)f(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(\(a)h -(Bus{A)n(ddr)n(ess)h(Wor)n(d\))125 1567 y Fu(MSKSTR)42 b -(\(MX\045ST,.MXBYC,17B)o(3\))106 b(;Command)20 b(Block)h(Status)125 -1617 y(MSKSTR)42 b(\(MX\045CP,.MXBYC,377)o(B11\))62 b(;CPU)125 -1667 y(MSKSTR)42 b(\(MX\045FT,.MXBYC,377)o(B19\))62 b(;Format)125 -1717 y(MSKSTR)42 b(\(MX\045BC,.MXBYC,177)o(777\))62 b(;Byte)21 -b(Count)125 1766 y(MSKSTR)42 b(\(MX\045BS,.MXTAR,17B)o(3\))106 -b(;Bus)21 b(number)125 1816 y(MSKSTR)42 b(\(MX\045TR,.MXTAR,377)o(B11\))62 -b(;SCSI)21 b(Target)f(ID)i(number)125 1866 y(MSKSTR)42 b -(\(MX\045LN,.MXTAR,377)o(B19\))62 b(;SCSI)21 b(Logical)f(Unit)h(Number)125 -1916 y(MSKSTR)42 b(\(MX\045AE,.MXTAR,377)o(B27\))62 b(;Additional)19 -b(Error)i(Code)125 1966 y(MSKSTR)42 b(\(MX\045MA,.MXTAR,377)o(B35\))62 -b(;MSCB)21 b(Allocation)125 2015 y(MSKSTR)42 b(\(MX\045C0,.MXCMD,377)o(B11\)) -62 b(;Command)20 b(Byte)h(0)125 2065 y(MSKSTR)42 b(\(MX\045EC,.MXSTA,17B)o -(3\))106 b(;Error)20 b(Code)125 2115 y(MSKSTR)42 b(\(MX\045SN,.MXSTA,377)o -(B11\))62 b(;Sense)20 b(Byte)125 2165 y(MSKSTR)42 b(\(MX\045SK,.MXSTA,17B)o -(11\))84 b(;SCSI)21 b(Sense)f(Key)125 2215 y(MSKSTR)42 b -(\(MX\045SS,.MXSTA,377)o(B19\))62 b(;SCSI)21 b(Status)f(Byte)125 -2265 y(MSKSTR)42 b(\(MX\045AS,.MXSTA,377)o(B27\))62 b(;Additional)19 -b(Sense)i(Code)g(byte)125 2314 y(MSKSTR)42 b(\(MX\045CQ,.MXSTA,377)o(B35\))62 -b(;Additional)19 b(Sense)i(Code)g(Qualifier)125 2364 y(MSKSTR)42 -b(\(MX\045AQ,.MXSTA,177)o(777\))62 b(;Both)21 b(ASC)g(and)g(ASCQ)p -eop -%%Page: 309 113 -309 112 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.12.)31 b(XRH)363 46 y(-)374 50 y(1)14 -b(MASS{STORA)o(GE)f(INTERF)-5 b(A)o(CE)15 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)606 -b FC(309)150 195 y Fx(Link)176 b FC(This)17 b(is)f(a)h(link)e(to)i(the)g -(next)h(MSCB)f(on)f(the)i(list.)26 b(Zero)18 b(means)d(that)i(there)h(are)g -(no)e(further)407 245 y(items)g(on)g(the)h(list.)26 b(Otherwise,)19 -b(the)e(v)n(alue)f(is)g(a)h(bus{address)h(w)o(ord)e(that)h(sp)q(eci\014es)i -(a)d(main)407 295 y(memory)11 b(lo)q(cation)i(at)h(whic)o(h)g(an)f -(additional)f(MSCB)j(can)f(b)q(e)g(found.)150 378 y Fx(CBS)175 -b FC(This)15 b(is)f(the)i(Comm)o(and)c(Blo)q(c)o(k)j(Status)g(\014eld.)21 -b(When)15 b(this)g(MSCB)g(is)f(passed)i(from)d(the)j(CPU)407 -428 y(to)e(the)g(XRH)624 424 y(-)636 428 y(1,)g(the)g Fx(CBS)19 -b FC(\(Command)11 b(Blo)q(c)o(k)k(Status\))f(\014eld)g(will)f(indicate)h(the) -h(action)e(to)h(b)q(e)407 477 y(tak)o(en)e(b)o(y)g(the)h(XRH)739 -473 y(-)750 477 y(1.)k(When)c(this)f(MSCB)g(is)g(passed)i(bac)o(k)e(to)g(the) -g(CPU,)g(the)h Fx(CBS)k FC(\014eld)12 b(will)407 527 y(indicate)i(the)g(disp) -q(osition)f(of)h(the)g(command.)407 594 y(F)m(rom)e(the)i(CPU)h(to)e(the)i -(XRH)908 590 y(-)920 594 y(1,)e(this)h(\014eld)g(is)f(used)i(as)f(follo)o -(ws:)407 685 y(0)91 b(\()p Fu(MX.CSS==:0)p FC(\))12 b(SCSI)i(command)e(for)h -(immediate)f(execution.)19 b(This)14 b(is)g(the)h(usual)e(case.)519 -735 y(The)20 b(particular)f(command)e(is)j(enco)q(ded)h(in)e(six)h(to)f(t)o -(w)o(elv)o(e)h(command)d(b)o(ytes)j(in)f(the)519 785 y(MSCB.)e(The)h(Bus,)g -(T)m(arget,)f(and)g(LUN)g(\014elds)h(sp)q(ecify)f(the)h(SCSI)f(device)h(that) -f(is)g(the)519 834 y(target)d(for)g(this)g(command.)407 901 -y(1)91 b(\()p Fu(MX.CSA==:1)p FC(\))17 b(Rep)q(ort)h(async)o(hronous)h(or)g -(error)g(status.)33 b(If)18 b(the)h(XRH)1725 897 y(-)1736 901 -y(1)f(has)h(asyn-)519 951 y(c)o(hronous)g(status)h(from)d(a)h(SCSI)h(device,) -h(it)e(will)g(rep)q(ort)h(that)g(status)h(in)e(this)h(blo)q(c)o(k.)519 -1000 y(Otherwise,)g(the)e(XRH)900 996 y(-)912 1000 y(1)f(will)f(hold)i(this)g -(command)d(blo)q(c)o(k)i(un)o(til)g(needed.)28 b(This)17 b(pro-)519 -1050 y(vides)c(a)g(means)f(b)o(y)h(whic)o(h)g(the)g(XRH)1123 -1046 y(-)1135 1050 y(1)f(can)i(rep)q(ort)g(async)o(hronous)f(status)h(or)f -(errors)h(to)519 1100 y(the)g(CPU.)519 1158 y(The)i(CPU)g(is)f(resp)q -(onsible)i(for)e(supplying)g(correct)j(data)d(in)g(the)h(follo)o(wing)d(w)o -(ords)j(and)519 1208 y(\014elds)h(of)g(this)g(MSCB:)f Fx(CBS)5 -b FC(,)17 b Fx(CPU)7 b FC(,)16 b Fx(F)m(ormat)t FC(,)h Fx(Byte)h(Count)t -FC(,)f Fx(Data)h(Bu\013er)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess)s FC(,)519 1258 y(and)c(the)g -(error)h(rep)q(orting)f(mo)q(de)f(in)h(the)g Fu(.MXSTA)f FC(w)o(ord.)519 -1316 y(The)h(XRH)699 1312 y(-)711 1316 y(1)g(will)e(return)j(this)f(MSCB)h -(to)f(the)g(CPU)h(in)e(an)o(y)h(of)f(the)h(follo)o(wing)e(circum-)519 -1366 y(stances:)526 1436 y FA(\017)50 b FC(A)14 b(SCSI)f(target)i(generates)g -(an)f(Async)o(hronous)h(Ev)o(en)o(t.)597 1486 y(The)i(returned)h(MSCB)f(will) -e(con)o(tain)h Fu(MX.CSA)g FC(\(Async)o(hronous)i(Status\))f(in)f(CBS;)597 -1536 y(the)f(Bus,)g(T)m(arget,)f(and)h(LUN)g(\014elds)g(will)e(b)q(e)i -(\014lled)f(in)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(XRH)1714 1532 y(-)1726 1536 -y(1)f(to)h(iden)o(tify)597 1586 y(the)f(unit)g(presen)o(ting)h(async)o -(hronous)f(status.)526 1680 y FA(\017)50 b FC(A)14 b(SCSI)f(bus)i(has)f(h)o -(ung.)597 1729 y(The)h(returned)h(MSCB)g(will)d(con)o(tain)i -Fu(MX.CSX)e FC(\(System)i(Error\))g(in)g(CBS;)g(the)g(Bus)597 -1779 y(\014eld)j(will)f(b)q(e)i(set.)33 b(Async)o(hronous)19 -b(Return)g(\()p Fu(.MXASR==:200)p FC(\))d(and)j(T)m(arget)f(Un-)597 -1829 y(kno)o(wn)13 b(\()p Fu(.MXTUK==:100)p FC(\))f(bits)i(will)e(b)q(e)j -(set)f(in)g(the)g Fu(MX\045AE)f FC(b)o(yte)h(of)g(the)g(MSCB.)597 -1879 y(If)k(T)m(arget)g(Blo)q(c)o(king)g(mo)q(de)g(is)h(enabled,)g(the)h(XRH) -1461 1875 y(-)1472 1879 y(1)f(will)e(set)j(ev)o(ery)f(target)g(on)597 -1929 y(the)e(a\013ected)h(bus)f(to)g(the)g(T)m(arget{is{Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)f -(state.)27 b(The)17 b(XRH)1690 1925 y(-)1702 1929 y(1)f(will)f(\014nd)i(all) -597 1978 y(MSCBs)h(p)q(ending)f(for)g(targets)h(on)e(the)i(a\013ected)h(bus)e -(and)g(return)i(them)d(mark)o(ed)597 2028 y Fu(MX.TIB)8 b FC(\(T)m(arget)i -(is)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed\))g(in)g(CBS.)g(With)f(resp)q(ect)j(to)e(eac)o(h)h -(target,)g(the)f(MSCBs)597 2078 y(will)i(b)q(e)j(returned)h(in)d(the)i(same)e -(sequence)k(as)d(they)g(w)o(ere)h(sen)o(t)g(to)f(the)h(XRH)1843 -2074 y(-)1855 2078 y(1.)j(\(If)597 2128 y(the)12 b(XRH)761 -2124 y(-)772 2128 y(1)g(has)g(an)o(y)f(cac)o(he)h(writes)h(p)q(ending)e(for)h -(targets)g(on)f(this)h(bus,)g(it)f(will)g(hold)597 2178 y(them)i(un)o(til)g -(the)h(bus)g(is)g(reset)i(and)d(then)i(restart)g(them.\))597 -2228 y(If)j(T)m(arget)g(Blo)q(c)o(king)f(mo)q(de)h(is)g(disabled,)h(the)f -(XRH)1467 2224 y(-)1479 2228 y(1)g(will)f(destro)o(y)i(all)e(MSCBs)597 -2277 y(p)q(ending)d(for)h(targets)g(on)f(the)i(a\013ected)g(bus.)21 -b(\(Cac)o(he)15 b(writes)g(p)q(ending)g(for)f(targets)597 2327 -y(on)f(this)h(bus)h(are)f(held)g(un)o(til)f(the)h(bus)h(is)e(reset)j(and)e -(then)g(they)h(are)f(p)q(erformed.\))597 2377 y(The)g(system)h(will)d(send)k -(a)e(command)d(to)k(reset)h(the)f(a\013ected)g(bus.)20 b(\(Resetting)15 -b(the)597 2427 y(bus)e(clears)h(the)g(T)m(arget{is{Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)f(state)h -(for)f(all)f(targets)i(on)f(the)g(bus.\))19 b(The)14 b(sys-)597 -2477 y(tem)e(will)f(issue)j(an)o(y)f(commands)e(needed)j(to)f(recon\014gure)i -(devices)f(after)g(they)f(ha)o(v)o(e)597 2526 y(b)q(een)k(reset.)26 -b(Then,)16 b(the)h(system)f(will)e(reissue)k(an)o(y)d(MSCBs)i(that)f(w)o(ere) -h(returned)597 2576 y(mark)o(ed)12 b(as)i(T)m(arget)g(is)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed.) -p eop -%%Page: 310 114 -310 113 bop 0 50 a FC(310)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)376 195 y FA(\017)50 -b FC(An)13 b(async)o(hronous)g(transfer)h(\(e.g.,)e(from)g(the)h(XRH)1288 -191 y(-)1300 195 y(1's)g(cac)o(he)h(to)e(disk\))h(failed)f(due)447 -245 y(to)h(a)h(SCSI)g(error)h(or)e(a)h(system)g(error.)447 -295 y(If)d(a)h(SCSI)g(command)e(completed)i(with)f(status)i(other)g(than)f -(\\go)q(o)q(d",)f(the)i(returned)447 345 y(MSCB)21 b(will)e(b)q(e)i(mark)o -(ed)e Fu(MX.CSS)g FC(\(SCSI)i(Command)d(w)o(as)i(P)o(erformed\))g(in)g(the) -447 394 y(CBS)12 b(\014eld.)17 b(If)12 b(this)g(\(Rep)q(ort)g(Async)o -(hronous)h(or)f(Error)h(Status\))f(MSCB)g(con)o(tains)g(a)447 -444 y(Request)f(Sense)h(Bu\013er)g(Address,)h(return)f(the)f(Request)h(Sense) -g(data)e(there.)18 b(Return)447 494 y(appropriate)13 b(v)n(alues)h(in)g(all)e -(\014elds)j(of)e(the)h Fu(.MXSTA)f FC(w)o(ord.)447 544 y(If)k(the)i(SCSI)f -(command)d(w)o(as)j(not)g(p)q(erformed)f(b)q(ecause)j(of)d(a)h(system)g -(error,)h(the)447 594 y(MSCB)12 b(will)f(b)q(e)i(returned)h(with)e -Fu(MX.CSX)f FC(\(System)h(Error\))h(in)f(CBS,)g(and)g(appropri-)447 -643 y(ate)i(data)f(will)g(b)q(e)h(returned)i(in)d(the)i Fu(.MXSTA)d -FC(w)o(ord.)447 693 y(The)j(a\013ected)i(bus,)e(target)g(and)g(LUN)h -(\014elds)f(will)f(b)q(e)h(set.)23 b(The)15 b Fx(Command)20 -b FC(b)o(ytes)447 743 y(will)d(b)q(e)j(set)g(to)f(the)h(write)g(command)c -(\(including)j(the)h(logical)d(record)k(n)o(um)o(b)q(er\))447 -793 y(that)13 b(failed.)k(The)d(Async)o(hronous)g(Return)g(\()p -Fu(MXASR)p FC(\))e(bit)h(will)f(b)q(e)i(set)g(in)f(the)h Fu(MX\045AE)447 -843 y FC(b)o(yte.)j(The)c(data)f(bu\013er)h(address)g(returned)h(in)d(the)i -(MSCB)f(represen)o(ts)j(the)e(XRH)1768 839 y(-)1779 843 y(1)447 -892 y(DRAM)g(address)i(of)e(the)i(data)e(bu\013er)i(for)f(whic)o(h)g(this)f -(write)i(failed.)447 942 y(If)g(T)m(arget)g(Blo)q(c)o(king)g(mo)q(de)g(is)g -(enabled,)h(the)g(XRH)1288 938 y(-)1300 942 y(1)f(will)f(put)i(the)g(unit)f -(in)o(to)g(the)447 992 y(T)m(arget{is{Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)20 b(state)j(and)e -(return)h(an)o(y)f(MSCBs)h(relating)f(to)g(this)g(target,)447 -1042 y(marking)9 b(them)h(T)m(arget)i(is)f(Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)h(in)f(CBS.)g -(\(If)g(the)i(XRH)1405 1038 y(-)1416 1042 y(1)e(has)h(an)o(y)f(other)h(cac)o -(he)447 1092 y(writes)j(p)q(ending)g(for)g(this)f(unit,)h(it)f(will)g(hold)g -(them)g(un)o(til)g(the)h(T)m(arget{is{Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)447 -1142 y(state)f(is)g(cleared.\))257 1212 y(2)91 b(\()p Fu(MX.CSM==:2)p -FC(\))12 b(XRH)728 1208 y(-)740 1212 y(1)h(Command.)369 1270 -y(This)18 b(form)f(of)g(MSCB)i(is)f(used)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(CPU)f(to)g(pass)h -(information)d(directly)i(to)g(the)369 1320 y(XRH)464 1316 -y(-)476 1320 y(1)13 b(instead)i(of)e(to)h(one)h(of)e(the)i(SCSI)f(target)h -(devices)g(connected)h(to)e(it.)k(When)c(the)369 1370 y Fx(CBS)23 -b FC(\014eld)18 b(con)o(tains)g Fu(MX.CSM)p FC(,)e(only)h(the)i -Fx(Link)k FC(and)17 b Fx(CBS)23 b FC(\014elds)c(ha)o(v)o(e)f(their)g(normal) -369 1420 y(meaning,)11 b(although)h(some)g(of)g(these)i(XRH)1067 -1416 y(-)1079 1420 y(1)e(commands)f(will)g(in)o(terpret)j(\014elds)f(suc)o(h) -h(as)369 1469 y Fx(Bus)s FC(,)19 b Fx(T)m(ar)n(get)t FC(,)d -Fx(LUN)7 b FC(,)17 b(etc.)30 b(as)17 b(ha)o(ving)f(their)i(usual)f(meanings)f -(\(i.e.,)h(as)h(sp)q(ecifying)f(a)369 1519 y(SCSI)e(bus)h(and)e(target\).)23 -b(The)15 b(in)o(terpretation)h(of)e(the)i Fx(Command)j FC(b)o(ytes)d(is)f -(particular)369 1569 y(to)f(eac)o(h)g(XRH)608 1565 y(-)620 -1569 y(1)f(command,)e(as)j(explained)g(here.)369 1627 y(The)j(b)o(yte)g -Fx(Command)h(0)k FC(will)15 b(con)o(tain)h(the)h(command)d(co)q(de)k(for)e -(the)h(XRH)1627 1623 y(-)1639 1627 y(1.)25 b(Addi-)369 1677 -y(tional)14 b(b)o(ytes)i(follo)o(wing)d Fx(Command)k(0)22 b -FC(ma)o(y)13 b(con)o(tain)i(parameters)h(for)f(the)h(command.)369 -1727 y(Among)c(the)j(XRH)680 1723 y(-)691 1727 y(1)f(commands)d(are)k(the)f -(follo)o(wing:)369 1795 y(0)70 b(Release)11 b(Comm)o(unicatio)o(ns)d(Region)i -(\()p Fu(MX.RCR==:0)p FC(\).)15 b(This)c(command)d(directs)j(the)460 -1844 y(XRH)555 1840 y(-)567 1844 y(1)i(to)h(bring)f(all)g(outstanding)g -(requests)j(to)d(completion.)j(MSCBs)f(presen)o(tly)460 1894 -y(held)f(in)e(the)i(XRH)763 1890 y(-)775 1894 y(1)f(are)g(to)h(b)q(e)f -(completed.)18 b(Data)12 b(in)h(the)h(XRH)1514 1890 y(-)1525 -1894 y(1's)f(cac)o(he)i(mem-)460 1944 y(ory)k(in)o(tended)g(for)g(output)f -(to)h(the)g(disk)g(m)o(ust)f(no)o(w)g(b)q(e)h(written)h(to)e(disk.)33 -b(The)460 1994 y(XRH)555 1990 y(-)567 1994 y(1)13 b(ma)o(y)e(presume)i(that)g -(this)g(Release)h(Comm)o(uni)o(cations)d(Region)h(command)460 -2044 y(is)j(the)h(last)f(MSCB)h(in)f(the)h(\\T)m(o)e(XRH)1093 -2040 y(-)1105 2044 y(1")g(queue.)24 b(The)15 b(CPU)h(is)f(resp)q(onsible)h -(for)460 2093 y(draining)9 b(an)o(y)h(MSCBs)h(returned)g(via)f(\\F)m(rom)e -(XRH)1292 2089 y(-)1303 2093 y(1")i(\(including)f(Async)o(hronous)460 -2143 y(and)17 b(Error)h(Status)f(blo)q(c)o(ks)g(that)g(are)g(returned)i(un)o -(used\).)28 b(Moreo)o(v)o(er,)18 b(the)g(CPU)460 2193 y(refrains)c(from)d -(sending)j(additional)d(commands.)k(The)f(XRH)1452 2189 y(-)1464 -2193 y(1)e(will)g(ac)o(kno)o(wledge)460 2243 y(the)20 b(completion)c(of)j -(this)f(command)e(b)o(y)j(returning)g(the)g(command)d(blo)q(c)o(k)i(with)460 -2293 y(\\Go)q(o)q(d")e(Status.)28 b(The)17 b(XRH)956 2289 y(-)968 -2293 y(1)f(will)g(clear)h(the)h(status)f(w)o(ord)g(in)g(the)g(comm)o(uni-)460 -2342 y(cations)h(region)g(and)g(refrain)g(from)e(using)h(it)h(again.)29 -b(The)18 b(XRH)1539 2338 y(-)1551 2342 y(1)f(will)g(remo)o(v)o(e)460 -2392 y(\\Comm)o(uni)o(cations)g(Region)i(Assigned")h(from)e(its)h(status)i(w) -o(ord.)35 b(\(Thereafter,)460 2442 y(the)15 b(status)g(w)o(ord)f(is)g -(readable)g(via)f(Device)p 1156 2442 13 2 v 16 w(Status)p 1287 -2442 V 15 w(Request)i(to)f(address)i(0,)d(or)h(b)o(y)460 2492 -y(a)g(Device)p 617 2492 V 15 w(Con)o(trol)f(cycle)i(directed)g(to)f(address)h -(3.\))369 2577 y(1)70 b(SCSI)18 b(Bus)h(Reset)g(\()p Fu(MX.SBR==:1)p -FC(\).)29 b(The)18 b Fx(Bus)k FC(\014eld)d(sp)q(eci\014es)g(whic)o(h)f(SCSI)h -(bus)460 2627 y(to)14 b(reset.)21 b(Bus)15 b(reset)h(is)e(appropriate)h(in)e -(circumstances)j(suc)o(h)f(as)f(\\Em)o(ulex)e(gross)p eop -%%Page: 311 115 -311 114 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.12.)31 b(XRH)363 46 y(-)374 50 y(1)14 -b(MASS{STORA)o(GE)f(INTERF)-5 b(A)o(CE)15 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)606 -b FC(311)610 195 y(error")14 b(or)f(when)h(the)f(soft)o(w)o(are)g(b)q(eliev)o -(es)h(that)f(the)h(bus)f(or)g(a)g(device)h(on)f(the)h(bus)f(is)610 -245 y(h)o(ung.)610 313 y(SCSI)k(Bus)h(Reset)g(causes)h(all)d(targets)i(on)f -(the)g(a\013ected)i(bus)e(to)g(return)i(to)e(their)610 362 -y(p)q(o)o(w)o(er{on)10 b(condition.)15 b(The)10 b(T)m(arget{is{Blo)q(c)o(k)o -(ed)f(state)i(is)e(cleared.)17 b(If)9 b(the)h(Monitor)610 412 -y(normally)k(sends)k(initializing)13 b(commands)h(to)j(a)f(target,)h(those)g -(initializing)c(com-)610 462 y(mands)i(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(rep)q(eated)i -(subsequen)o(t)f(to)f(a)f(bus)h(reset.)25 b(If)15 b(a)g(target)h(had)g(b)q -(een)610 512 y(mark)o(ed)c(as)h(cac)o(heable)g(prior)g(to)g(the)g(bus)h -(reset,)g(data)e(that)h(is)g(already)f(cac)o(hed)i(for)610 -562 y(that)e(target)g(will)e(b)q(e)i(retained)g(as)g(v)n(alid.)j(Ho)o(w)o(ev) -o(er,)d(as)g(the)g(target)g(will)e(b)q(e)i(mark)o(ed)610 611 -y(as)k(uncac)o(heable)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(bus)h(reset,)g(the)g(retained)f(data)g -(is)g(inaccessible)g(\(and)g(it)610 661 y(will)11 b(not)h(b)q(e)g(written)h -(to)f(the)g(target,)h(nor)f(supplied)g(in)f(lieu)h(of)f(actual)h(target)g -(data\))610 711 y(un)o(til)h(the)i(Monitor)e(completes)h(an)o(y)g(other)g -(initializing)e(commands)f(and)j(sets)h(the)610 761 y(target)g(to)e(b)q(e)i -(cac)o(heable)f(again.)610 829 y(When)j(this)f(command)e(is)i(receiv)o(ed)i -(b)o(y)e(the)h(XRH)1444 825 y(-)1455 829 y(1,)g(it)f(will)e(lo)q(cate)j(all)e -(MSCBs)610 878 y(relating)d(to)h(the)g(a\013ected)i(bus)e(and)f(return)i(eac) -o(h)f(of)f(them)g(mark)o(ed)g(\\Bus)h(is)g(Being)610 928 y(Reset";)18 -b(all)d(suc)o(h)h(MSCBs)h(will)e(b)q(e)i(returned)g(on)f(one)h(list)e(\(whic) -o(h)h(ma)o(y)e(con)o(tain)610 978 y(other)f(MSCBs)g(as)g(w)o(ell\).)k(After)c -(all)e(those)i(MSCBs)g(are)g(queued)g(to)f(the)h(op)q(erating)610 -1028 y(system,)i(the)g(XRH)928 1024 y(-)940 1028 y(1)f(will)f(return)j(this)f -(reset)i(command)12 b(MSCB)j(to)f(signify)g(that)610 1078 y(the)h(reset)g(op) -q(eration)f(has)g(b)q(een)h(completed.)519 1163 y(2)70 b(Set)15 -b(Cac)o(he)f(Use)h(P)o(arameters)f(\()p Fu(MX.CUP==:2)p FC(\).)j(The)d -Fx(Command)i(1)k FC(b)o(yte)14 b(sp)q(eci\014es)610 1213 y(the)h(subfunction) -f(as)g(follo)o(ws.)610 1281 y(0)91 b(In)o(v)n(alidate)9 b(cac)o(he)i(\(all\)) -e(\()p Fu(MX.CIA==:0)p FC(\).)15 b(Set)c(all)e(units)h(uncac)o(heable.)18 -b(Mark)722 1331 y(all)13 b(cac)o(hed)i(data)e(as)h(in)o(v)n(alid.)610 -1416 y(1)91 b(In)o(v)n(alidate)17 b(cac)o(he)i(\(unit\))f(\()p -Fu(MX.CIU==:1)p FC(\).)28 b(In)o(v)n(alidate)17 b(an)o(y)g(cac)o(hed)i(data) -722 1466 y(p)q(ertaining)14 b(to)f(the)h(unit)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d(the) -h(Bus,)g(T)m(arget,)f(and)g(LUN)h(\014elds.)722 1516 y(Set)h(the)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(unit)d(as)h(uncac)o(heable.)610 1601 y(2)91 b(Unload)19 -b(cac)o(he)i(\(all\))d(\()p Fu(MX.CUA==:2)p FC(\).)34 b(W)m(rite)19 -b(all)f(cac)o(hed)j(data)e(to)h(their)722 1651 y(resp)q(ectiv)o(e)h(disk)d -(units.)31 b(Set)19 b(all)e(units)i(uncac)o(heable.)32 b(Mark)18 -b(all)f(cac)o(hed)722 1701 y(data)d(as)g(in)o(v)n(alid.)610 -1786 y(3)91 b(Unload)14 b(cac)o(he)h(\(unit\))f(\()p Fu(MX.CUU==:3)p -FC(\).)k(W)m(rite)c(an)o(y)f(cac)o(hed)j(data)e(p)q(ertain-)722 -1836 y(ing)f(to)h(the)g(unit)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e(the)i(Bus,)f(T)m -(arget,)f(and)g(LUN)h(\014elds)g(to)g(that)722 1886 y(unit.)29 -b(Mark)17 b(cac)o(hed)i(data)e(for)g(this)h(unit)f(as)h(in)o(v)n(alid.)26 -b(Set)18 b(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)722 1936 y(unit)c(as)g(uncac)o(heable.)610 -2021 y(4)91 b(V)m(alidate)17 b(cac)o(he)i(\(all\))e(\()p Fu(MX.CVA==:4)p -FC(\).)28 b(W)m(rite)17 b(all)g(cac)o(hed)h(data)g(to)g(their)722 -2071 y(resp)q(ectiv)o(e)e(disk)e(units.)610 2157 y(5)91 b(V)m(alidate)11 -b(cac)o(he)i(\(unit\))e(\()p Fu(MX.CVU==:5)p FC(\).)16 b(W)m(rite)11 -b(an)o(y)h(cac)o(hed)g(data)g(p)q(ertain-)722 2207 y(ing)h(to)h(the)g(unit)g -(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e(the)i(Bus,)f(T)m(arget,)f(and)g(LUN)h(\014elds)g -(to)g(that)722 2256 y(unit.)610 2342 y(6)91 b(Enable)17 b(cac)o(hing)f(for)g -(unit)g(\()p Fu(MX.ECU==:6)p FC(\).)24 b(Mark)16 b(the)h(unit)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)722 2392 y(the)d(Bus,)f(T)m(arget,)f(and)h(LUN)g(\014elds) -g(as)g(cac)o(heable.)610 2477 y(7)91 b(Release)12 b(cac)o(hed)h(data)e(\()p -Fu(MX.RCD==:7)p FC(\).)k(Release)d(the)g(blo)q(c)o(k)f(of)g(cac)o(he)i(mem-) -722 2527 y(ory)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)d(the)i(b)o(ytes)f -Fx(Command)i(2)j FC(and)14 b Fx(Command)i(3)6 b FC(.)722 2595 -y(When)15 b(a)f(cac)o(hed)i(write)e(to)h(disk)f(encoun)o(ters)i(an)e(error)i -(subsequen)o(t)g(to)e(the)p eop -%%Page: 312 116 -312 115 bop 0 50 a FC(312)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)572 195 y FC(XRH)667 -191 y(-)679 195 y(1's)e(rep)q(ort)h(of)e(\\go)q(o)q(d")g(status,)i(the)g(XRH) -1348 191 y(-)1359 195 y(1)f(sends)h(an)f(async)o(hronous)572 -245 y(error)k(rep)q(ort)f(MSCB.)f(That)h(error)g(rep)q(ort)h(con)o(tains)e -(the)h(iden)o(ti\014cation)f(of)572 295 y(the)20 b(bus,)f(target)g(disk,)g -(disk)g(address,)h(etc.)34 b(The)19 b(data)f(asso)q(ciated)h(with)572 -345 y(the)f(transfer)f(is)g(preserv)o(ed)h(in)e(the)i(XRH)1256 -341 y(-)1267 345 y(1's)f(memory)d(and)i(iden)o(ti\014ed)h(as)572 -394 y(a)i(particular)g(cac)o(he)h(blo)q(c)o(k)e(from)g(whic)o(h)h(the)g(CPU)g -(can)h(read)f(the)h(data.)572 444 y(F)m(ollo)o(wing)12 b(error)k(reco)o(v)o -(ery)f(steps,)h(this)f(command)c(is)k(issued)g(b)o(y)f(the)i(CPU)572 -494 y(to)e(tell)g(the)g(XRH)861 490 y(-)873 494 y(1)f(that)h(it)g(can)g -(reuse)h(the)g(indicated)f(cac)o(he)h(blo)q(c)o(k.)369 580 -y(3)70 b(Negotiate)15 b(wide)f(transfer.)21 b(\(Not)15 b(presen)o(tly)g -(used.\))21 b(The)15 b(XRH)1505 576 y(-)1517 580 y(1)f(automatically)460 -629 y(en)o(ters)i(negotiation)e(with)g(targets)h(to)g(determine)f(whether)i -(or)f(not)f(they)h(supp)q(ort)460 679 y(16{bit)i(wide)i(transfers.)32 -b(If)18 b(a)g(target)h(supp)q(orts)g(16{bit)f(transfers,)i(the)f(XRH)1768 -675 y(-)1779 679 y(1)460 729 y(do)q(es)c(them.)369 815 y(4)70 -b(Negotatiate)10 b(sync)o(hronous)g(data)f(transfer)h(\()p -Fu(MX.SYN==:4)p FC(\).)15 b(\(Not)9 b(presen)o(tly)h(used.\))460 -864 y(This)k(command)e(directs)j(the)g(XRH)1046 860 y(-)1057 -864 y(1)f(to)g(negotiate)g(sync)o(hronous)h(\(or)g(async)o(hro-)460 -914 y(nous\))f(transfer)h(mo)q(de)d(with)h(all)g(units)g(or)h(with)f(a)g -(selected)j(unit.)h(The)d Fx(Command)460 964 y(1)20 b FC(b)o(yte)14 -b(selects)i(a)d(particular)h(function,)f(as)h(follo)o(ws:)460 -1032 y(0)71 b(Negotiate)14 b(Async)o(hronous)g(T)m(ransfer)h(Mo)q(de,)f(all)e -(units)i(\()p Fu(MX.ATM==:0)p FC(\).)460 1117 y(1)71 b(Negotiate)11 -b(Sync)o(hronous)h(T)m(ransfer)g(Mo)q(de,)g(all)e(units.)18 -b(\()p Fu(MX.STM==:1)p FC(\).)d(Syn-)552 1167 y(c)o(hronous)d(transfers)h -(will)e(b)q(e)h(made)f(to)h(all)e(units)i(that)g(supp)q(ort)h(sync)o(hronous) -552 1217 y(transfer)h(mo)q(de.)460 1302 y(2)71 b(Negotatiate)11 -b(Async)o(hronous)h(T)m(ransfer)g(Mo)q(de)g(on)f(the)h(unit)f(sp)q(eci\014ed) -i(b)o(y)e(the)552 1352 y(Bus)j(and)g(T)m(arget)g(\014elds;)g(all)e(LUNs)j -(are)f(a\013ected)h(\()p Fu(MX.ATU==:2)p FC(\).)460 1438 y(3)71 -b(Negotatiate)14 b(Sync)o(hronous)g(T)m(ransfer)h(Mo)q(de)f(on)g(the)h(unit)f -(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f(the)552 1488 y(Bus)g(and)g(T)m(arget)g(\014elds;)g -(all)e(LUNs)j(are)f(a\013ected.)19 b(\()p Fu(MX.STU==:3)p FC(\).)369 -1573 y(5)70 b(Set)15 b(target)f(timeout.)j(\(Reserv)o(ed)e(for)f(future)g -(use.\))369 1659 y(6)70 b(Set)15 b(target)f(disconnect)h(privilege.)j -(\(Reserv)o(ed)d(for)f(future)g(use.\))369 1744 y(7)70 b(Set)15 -b(SCSI)f(target)g(priorities.)k(\(Reserv)o(ed)d(for)f(future)g(use.\))369 -1830 y(10)49 b(W)m(rite)12 b(DRAM)g(\()p Fu(MX.WDB==:10)p FC(\).)k(This)c -(command)e(directs)k(the)f(XRH)1599 1826 y(-)1611 1830 y(1)f(to)h(trans-)460 -1880 y(fer)k(information)d(from)h(system)i(memory)d(to)j(its)g(in)o(ternal)f -(bu\013er)i(\(cac)o(he\).)28 b(This)460 1929 y(command,)16 -b(together)j(with)e(the)i(Read)f(DRAM)f(command)e(\(b)q(elo)o(w\),)k(pro)o -(vide)e(a)460 1979 y(means)e(of)g(testing)g(the)h(data)g(path)f(b)q(et)o(w)o -(een)i(system)e(memory)e(and)i(the)h(XRH)1756 1975 y(-)1768 -1979 y(1;)460 2029 y(further,)c(these)h(commands)8 b(pro)o(vide)j(a)g(means)f -(of)h(extensiv)o(ely)g(testing)h(the)g(XRH)1768 2025 y(-)1779 -2029 y(1)460 2079 y(in)o(ternal)i(memory)m(.)460 2147 y(Additional)f -(parameters)h(are)g(as)g(follo)o(ws:)460 2232 y FA(\017)50 -b Fx(Byte)15 b(Count)t FC(:)j(the)d(coun)o(t)f(of)f(8{w)o(ord)g(memory)f -(lines)i(to)f(transfer.)460 2318 y FA(\017)50 b Fx(Data)15 -b(Bu\013er)h(A)n(ddr)n(ess)s FC(:)i(the)d(bus{address)h(w)o(ord)e(corresp)q -(onding)h(to)f(the)h(sys-)531 2368 y(tem)e(memory)e(from)h(whic)o(h)i(data)g -(will)e(b)q(e)j(read.)460 2453 y FA(\017)50 b Fx(Command)18 -b(1)6 b FC(|)p Fx(Command)18 b(3)6 b FC(:)25 b(the)18 b(DRAM)f(address)i(in)o -(to)d(whic)o(h)h(to)h(write)531 2503 y(the)11 b(data.)17 b(The)11 -b(DRAM)f(address)h(is)g(a)f(19{bit)g(\014eld)g(whose)i(5)e(most{signi\014can) -o(t)531 2553 y(bits)k(are)h(righ)o(t{justi\014ed)e(in)h(the)h(b)o(yte)f -Fx(Command)i(1)6 b FC(,)13 b(whose)i(next)g(8)e(bits)i(are)531 -2603 y(in)g Fx(Command)i(2)6 b FC(,)16 b(and)g(whose)g(least)g(signi\014can)o -(t)f(6)h(bits)f(are)i(left-justi\014ed)e(in)p eop -%%Page: 313 117 -313 116 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.12.)31 b(XRH)363 46 y(-)374 50 y(1)14 -b(MASS{STORA)o(GE)f(INTERF)-5 b(A)o(CE)15 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)606 -b FC(313)681 195 y Fx(Command)18 b(3)6 b FC(;)19 b(all)d(otherwise)i -(unde\014ned)h(bits)e(in)g Fx(Command)i(1)k FC(and)17 b Fx(Com-)681 -245 y(mand)e(3)20 b FC(m)o(ust)13 b(b)q(e)h(zero.)610 330 y -FA(\017)50 b FC(Bus:)18 b(Sp)q(eci\014es)c(whic)o(h)f(one)f(of)g(the)h(XRH) -1348 326 y(-)1360 330 y(1's)f(\014v)o(e)h(\\DMA)f(mac)o(hines")g(is)g(used) -681 380 y(for)18 b(this)h(transfer.)33 b(V)m(alues)19 b(0{3)e(address)j(the)g -(DMA)e(mac)o(hine)f(of)h(the)i(cor-)681 430 y(resp)q(onding)d(SCSI)g(Bus;)i -(v)n(alue)d(4)h(signi\014es)g(the)h(DMA)f(mac)o(hine)e(asso)q(ciated)681 -480 y(with)g(transfers)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(main)d(memory)f(and)j(the)g(XRH) -1630 476 y(-)1642 480 y(1's)f(DRAM)g(\(data)681 530 y(cac)o(he\).)610 -615 y(Up)q(on)h(completion)f(of)g(this)h(command,)e(the)i(MSCB)h(will)d(b)q -(e)j(returned)h(with)d(the)610 665 y(Status)k(\014eld)f(set)h(either)g(to)e -(zero,)j(indicating)d(a)g(successful)j(op)q(eration,)e(or)g(to)g(a)610 -715 y(bit)o(wise)c(enco)q(ding)g(of)f(the)i(reason)f(for)g(failure:)652 -783 y(1)49 b(DRAM/Main)13 b(Memory)g(transfer)h(failure)652 -868 y(2)49 b(DMA)14 b(and)g(DDMA)f(coun)o(ts)i(don't)e(matc)o(h)652 -954 y(4)49 b(System)14 b(bus)g(busy)g(timeout)631 1039 y(10)49 -b(System)14 b(bus)g(timeout)631 1125 y(20)49 b(System)14 b(memory)d(rep)q -(orted)16 b(a)d(parit)o(y)g(error)631 1210 y(40)49 b(Final)13 -b(DMA)h(coun)o(t)g(is)g(greater)h(than)f(1)610 1296 y(100)49 -b(DMA)14 b(coun)o(t)g(is)g(zero)610 1382 y(200)49 b(In)o(v)n(alid)13 -b(parameter)g(in)h(the)g(MSCB)519 1467 y(11)49 b(Read)18 b(DRAM)f(\()p -Fu(MX.RDB==:11)p FC(\).)27 b(P)o(arameters)18 b(are)g(as)g(describ)q(ed)h(in) -e(the)h(W)m(rite)610 1517 y(DRAM)c(command,)c(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)519 -1602 y(12)49 b(T)m(arget)15 b(Blo)q(c)o(king)g(Con)o(trol)g(\()p -Fu(MX.TBC==:12)p FC(\).)20 b(This)15 b(command)e(con)o(trols)j(the)f(b)q(e-) -610 1652 y(ha)o(vior)k(of)h(the)g(XRH)969 1648 y(-)981 1652 -y(1)g(when)g(SCSI)g(bus)g(errors)i(o)q(ccur;)h(see)e(also)f(\\Error)g(Re-)610 -1702 y(p)q(orting")c(and)h(\\Error)g(Handling",)f(pages)h(321)f(and)g(322,)h -(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)27 b(T)m(arget)610 1752 y(Blo)q(c)o(king)14 -b(mo)q(de)f(is)h(a)g(global)f(state)i(of)f(the)g(XRH)1410 1748 -y(-)1422 1752 y(1,)g(either)h(enabled)f(or)h(disabled,)610 -1802 y(whic)o(h)e(a\013ects)h(all)d(targets.)19 b(The)13 b(sp)q(eci\014c)h -(command)c(function)i(is)g(selected)j(b)o(y)d(the)610 1852 -y Fx(Command)k(1)j FC(b)o(yte,)14 b(as)g(follo)o(ws:)610 1919 -y(0)60 b(Disable)15 b(T)m(arget)h(Blo)q(c)o(king)g(mo)q(de)e(\()p -Fu(MX.DTB==:0)p FC(\).)23 b(The)16 b(XRH)1731 1915 y(-)1743 -1919 y(1)f(mak)o(es)g(no)691 1969 y(sp)q(ecial)i(e\013orts)i(to)d(help)i -(e\013ect)g(error)g(reco)o(v)o(ery)m(.)28 b(This)17 b(is)g(the)g(mo)q(de)f -(estab-)691 2019 y(lished)d(b)o(y)h(default)e(follo)o(wing)f(a)i(successful)i -(assignmen)o(t)d(of)h(the)h(comm)o(unica-)691 2069 y(tions)g(region.)610 -2154 y(1)60 b(Enable)14 b(T)m(arget)f(Blo)q(c)o(king)g(mo)q(de)f(\()p -Fu(MX.ETB==:1)p FC(\).)k(The)e(XRH)1704 2150 y(-)1716 2154 -y(1)f(will)f(set)i(the)691 2204 y(T)m(arget{is{Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)f(state)i -(for)e(a)g(target)h(device)h(when)f(the)g(device)g(returns)h(a)691 -2254 y(command)d(status)i(other)h(than)f(\\go)q(o)q(d".)k(While)c(a)f(target) -i(is)f(in)g(the)g(T)m(arget{)691 2304 y(is{Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)j(state,)i(the)f -(XRH)1187 2300 y(-)1198 2304 y(1)f(will)f(refuse)i(to)f(p)q(erform)g(an)o(y)f -(MSCB)i(that)691 2353 y(addresses)23 b(the)e(blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)f(target)h(and) -f(it)g(will)f(return)i(the)g(MSCB)g(mark)o(ed)691 2403 y(\\T)m(arget)11 -b(is)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed")h(in)f(the)g(CBS)h(\014eld.)17 b(All)11 -b(LUNs)h(of)e(a)h(blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)h(target)g(are)691 2453 -y(blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed.)20 b(The)15 b(target)g(remains)f(blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)g(un)o -(til)g(a)g(Clear)g(T)m(arget{is{Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)691 2503 y(command)d(is)j -(receiv)o(ed)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(XRH)1305 2499 y(-)1317 2503 y(1.)610 -2588 y(2)60 b(Clear)10 b(T)m(arget{is{Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)f(\()p -Fu(MX.RTB==:2)p FC(\).)15 b(The)c(XRH)1594 2584 y(-)1605 2588 -y(1)f(will)e(clear)i(the)h(T)m(ar-)p eop -%%Page: 314 118 -314 117 bop 0 50 a FC(314)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)541 195 y FC(get{is{Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)k -(state)h(for)e(the)i(target)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)d(the)i(Bus)f(and)g(T)m -(arget)541 245 y(\014elds.)29 b(All)17 b(LUNs)h(of)f(the)h(a\013ected)g -(target)g(are)g(un)o(blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed.)29 b(An)o(y)17 b(MSCBs)541 -295 y(in)d(the)h(XRH)757 291 y(-)769 295 y(1,)e(p)q(ending)h(for)g(this)h -(target,)f(are)h(returned)h(mark)o(ed)d(\\T)m(arget{)541 345 -y(is{Blo)q(c)o(ked")k(b)q(efore)g(the)g(MSCB)g(con)o(taining)f(this)g -(command)e(is)j(returned.)541 394 y(Th)o(us,)d(this)h(command)c(forces)16 -b(all)d(p)q(ending)h(MSCBs)h(to)f(b)q(e)h(returned)h(to)e(the)541 -444 y(CPU)g(b)q(efore)h(un)o(blo)q(c)o(king)e(the)h(target.)460 -530 y(3)60 b(Set)12 b(T)m(arget{is{Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)f(\()p -Fu(MX.STB==:3)p FC(\).)16 b(The)11 b(XRH)1409 526 y(-)1421 -530 y(1)g(will)f(set)i(the)g(T)m(arget{)541 580 y(is{Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)i -(state)g(for)g(the)g(target)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)d(the)h(Bus)h(and)e(T)m -(arget)h(\014elds.)541 629 y(All)f(LUNs)i(of)e(the)h(a\013ected)i(target)e -(are)g(blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed.)369 715 y(13)49 b(Heartb)q(eat)19 -b(\()p Fu(MX.HBT==:13)p FC(\).)25 b(This)17 b(function)g(tells)g(the)g(XRH) -1495 711 y(-)1507 715 y(1)g(that)g(a)g(unit)g(of)460 765 y(time)e(has)i -(elapsed.)26 b(The)17 b(XRH)986 761 y(-)998 765 y(1)f(uses)i(the)f(heartb)q -(eat)g(to)g(age)f(the)h(data)f(in)g(the)460 815 y(write)i(cac)o(he)g(and)f -(other)h(purp)q(oses.)30 b(Generally)m(,)16 b(the)i(Monitor)f(will)f(attempt) -g(to)460 864 y(send)k(this)e(message)h(appro)o(ximately)d(once)j(p)q(er)g -(second.)33 b(The)19 b(b)o(yte)g Fx(Command)460 914 y(1)27 -b FC(will)19 b(describ)q(e)j(the)f(op)q(erating)g(system's)f(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)h -(condition:)31 b(0{\\green";)23 b(1{)460 964 y(\\y)o(ello)o(w";)12 -b(377{\\red".)369 1050 y(14)49 b(Set)19 b(Inquiry)e(Resp)q(onse)i(\()p -Fu(MX.SIR==:14)p FC(\).)28 b(This)17 b(function)h(tells)g(the)g(XRH)1713 -1046 y(-)1725 1050 y(1)f(to)460 1099 y(c)o(hange)h(its)g(resp)q(onse)h(as)f -(a)f(target)h(to)g(an)f(Inquiry)g(command)e(b)o(y)j(supplying)e(in)460 -1149 y(its)f(resp)q(onse)i(b)o(ytes)f(21{31)d(a)i(cop)o(y)g(of)f(the)i(data)e -(found)h(in)f(the)i(b)o(ytes)f Fx(Command)460 1199 y(1)6 b -FC({)p Fx(Command)15 b(11)6 b FC(,)14 b(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)369 -1285 y(15)49 b(Set)10 b(Serial)f(Num)o(b)q(er)g(\()p Fu(MX.SSN==:15)p -FC(\).)15 b(This)9 b(function)g(tells)h(the)g(XRH)1589 1281 -y(-)1600 1285 y(1)f(to)h(c)o(hange)460 1334 y(its)19 b(resp)q(onse)h(as)e(a)g -(target)h(to)f(an)g(Inquiry/EVPD)g(command)e(with)i(page)g(co)q(de)460 -1384 y(0x80)h(b)o(y)g(supplying)g(in)h(its)f(resp)q(onse)j(0x0b)d(in)g(b)o -(yte)h(3)f(\(page)h(length\))g(and)f(in)460 1434 y(b)o(ytes)d(4{14)e(a)h(cop) -o(y)g(of)f(the)h(data)g(found)g(in)f(the)i(b)o(ytes)f Fx(Command)i(1)6 -b FC({)p Fx(Command)460 1484 y(11)g FC(,)14 b(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)257 -1559 y(3{15)49 b(Reserv)o(ed)257 1648 y(F)m(rom)17 b(the)i(XRH)542 -1644 y(-)554 1648 y(1)g(to)f(the)i(CPU,)e(this)h(\014eld)g(is)g(used)h(to)e -(comm)o(unicate)f(the)i(status)h(of)e(the)257 1698 y(completed)13 -b(op)q(eration:)257 1787 y(0)91 b(SCSI)15 b(Command)e(w)o(as)i(P)o(erformed)g -(\()p Fu(MX.CSS==:0)n FC(\).)23 b(The)16 b(SCSI)f(op)q(eration)h(requested) -369 1836 y(b)o(y)j(this)g(MSCB)h(w)o(as)f(p)q(erformed.)34 -b(The)19 b Fx(Status)k FC(b)o(yte)d(con)o(tains)f(the)h(ending)f(status.)369 -1886 y(\\Go)q(o)q(d")13 b(status)i(indicates)f(that)h(the)f(command)e(w)o(as) -i(completed)f(successfully;)i(in)f(this)369 1936 y(case)k(the)g -Fu(.MXSTA)d FC(w)o(ord)i(will)f(b)q(e)i(set)g(to)f(zero.)28 -b(Other)18 b(v)n(alues)f(of)g(status)g(indicate)g(er-)369 1986 -y(ror)11 b(and)f(abnormal)f(situations;)i(in)f(the)i(automatic)c(error)k(rep) -q(orting)f(mo)q(des)f(\()p FA(x)q FC(3.12.2.4\),)369 2036 y(further)i -(information)c(will)h(b)q(e)j(found)f(in)f(the)i Fx(ErrC)k -FC(\(Error)c(Co)q(de\),)f Fx(Sense)s FC(,)h Fx(ASC)17 b FC(\(Addi-)369 -2085 y(tional)11 b(Sense)i(Co)q(de\),)g(and)f Fx(ASCQ)k FC(\(Additional)11 -b(Sense)i(Co)q(de)g(Quali\014er\))f(\014elds.)18 b(Errors)369 -2135 y(rep)q(orted)h(in)e(this)g(w)o(a)o(y)g(are)g(those)i(that)e(the)h -(target)g(devices)g(rep)q(ort;)i(in)d(con)o(trast)h(see)369 -2185 y(\\SCSI)c(Error)g(Status)h(Rep)q(ort")f(b)q(elo)o(w.)257 -2250 y(1)91 b(Async)o(hronous)17 b(Status)g(Rep)q(ort)g(\()p -Fu(MX.CSA==:1)n FC(\).)25 b(This)16 b(MSCB)h(rep)q(orts)g(that)g(the)g(de-) -369 2300 y(vice)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(the)h Fx(Bus)s FC(,)g -Fx(T)m(ar)n(get)t FC(,)e(and)h Fx(LUN)22 b FC(\014elds)17 b(has)f(pro)o -(vided)g(async)o(hronous)369 2350 y(\(unsolicited\))e(status)h(to)e(the)i -(XRH)949 2346 y(-)961 2350 y(1)e(Mass{Storage)i(In)o(terface)f(Pro)q(cessor.) -257 2414 y(2)91 b(XRH)464 2410 y(-)476 2414 y(1)15 b(Comma)o(nd)e(Complete)h -(\()p Fu(MX.CSM==:2)n FC(\).)23 b(The)16 b(command)c(b)o(ytes)k(are)g -(returned)369 2464 y(as)e(the)g(CPU)h(had)e(set)i(them.)i(The)e -Fu(.MXSTA)d FC(w)o(ord)i(will)e(b)q(e)j(returned)h(as)d(zero.)257 -2529 y(3)91 b(SCSI)13 b(Error)g(Status)g(Rep)q(ort)g(\()p Fu(MX.CSE==:3)p -FC(\).)i(The)e(XRH)1308 2525 y(-)1320 2529 y(1)f(rep)q(orts)i(errors)g(that)f -(it)f(has)369 2579 y(detected)h(while)d(attempting)f(to)i(comm)o(uni)o(cate)e -(with)h(a)g(particular)h(SCSI)g(target)g(device.)369 2629 y(Errors)i -(detected)g(b)o(y)f(the)g(XRH)878 2625 y(-)890 2629 y(1)f(are)h(disjoin)o(t)e -(from)g(errors)j(that)f(the)g(target)g(rep)q(orts)h(to)p eop -%%Page: 315 119 -315 118 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.12.)31 b(XRH)363 46 y(-)374 50 y(1)14 -b(MASS{STORA)o(GE)f(INTERF)-5 b(A)o(CE)15 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)606 -b FC(315)519 195 y(the)14 b(XRH)685 191 y(-)696 195 y(1.)k(The)c -Fx(Status)j FC(b)o(yte)c(\(whic)o(h,)g(in)g(this)g(case,)h(will)e(not)h(con)o -(tain)g(SCSI)g(status\))519 245 y(will)f(con)o(tain)i(details)f(of)h(the)g -(particular)g(error.)519 313 y(1)60 b(SCSI)12 b(Selection)g(Timeout)e(\()p -Fu(.MXSTO==:1)p FC(\).)15 b(The)e(indicated)e(target)h(do)q(es)h(not)f(exist) -600 362 y(or)i(it)f(lac)o(ks)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er.)519 448 y(2)60 -b(Bus)15 b(Proto)q(col)e(Error.)407 524 y(4)91 b(\()p Fu(MX.CSX==:4)p -FC(\))9 b(System)i(Error)g(Rep)q(ort.)18 b(The)11 b(XRH)1363 -520 y(-)1375 524 y(1)g(rep)q(orts)h(errors)g(p)q(ertaining)f(to)g(its)519 -574 y(attempts)g(to)g(use)h(system)f(resources;)j(e.g.,)c(bus)i(timeout,)e -(parit)o(y)h(errors,)h(etc.)18 b(Messages)519 624 y(relating)g(to)h(errors)h -(found)e(in)g(command)e(blo)q(c)o(ks)j(are)g(rep)q(orted)h(this)f(w)o(a)o(y)f -(to)q(o.)33 b(The)519 673 y Fx(Status)24 b FC(b)o(yte)d(\(whic)o(h,)g(in)f -(this)h(case,)h(will)d(not)i(con)o(tain)f(SCSI)g(status\))h(will)e(con)o -(tain)519 723 y(details)14 b(of)f(the)h(particular)g(error:)519 -791 y(1)70 b(Byte)19 b(coun)o(t)f(insu\016cien)o(t)f(\()p Fu(.MXBCI==:1)p -FC(\).)27 b(This)18 b(MSCB)g(sp)q(eci\014es)h(a)f(command)610 -841 y(in)13 b(whic)o(h)f(the)i(transfer)g(length)e(\(or)h(allo)q(cation)e -(length)i(or)g(parameter)g(list)f(length\))610 891 y(exceeds)k(the)f(giv)o -(en)e(b)o(yte)h(coun)o(t.)519 976 y(2)70 b(Not)14 b(Implemen)o(ted.)519 -1062 y(3)70 b(Memory)15 b(timeout)g(\()p Fu(.MXMTO==:3)p FC(\).)23 -b(The)17 b(XRH)1403 1058 y(-)1415 1062 y(1)f(attempted)g(to)g(use)h(the)f -(giv)o(en)610 1111 y Fx(Data)g(Bu\013er)h(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g FC(or)e -Fx(Command)h(List)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess)s FC(,)e(but)h(the)g(memory)e(did)h(not)610 -1161 y(resp)q(ond.)519 1247 y(4)70 b(Byte)17 b(coun)o(t)f(excessiv)o(e)h(\()p -Fu(.MXBCE==:4)p FC(\).)22 b(The)16 b Fx(Byte)h(Count)j FC(\014eld)c(of)f -(this)h(MSCB)610 1297 y(con)o(tains)g(a)g(v)n(alue)g(that)g(exceeds)i(the)f -(coun)o(t)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(or)g(implied)d(b)o(y)i(the)g(com-)610 -1346 y(mand)d(b)o(ytes.)519 1432 y(5)70 b(F)m(ormat)15 b(wrong)i(\()p -Fu(.MXFTW==:5)p FC(\).)25 b(This)16 b(MSCB)i(sp)q(eci\014es)g(a)f -Fx(F)m(ormat)j FC(that)d(is)g(in-)610 1482 y(consisten)o(t)e(with)f(the)g -(data)g(format)e(implied)g(b)o(y)h(the)i(command)c(b)o(ytes.)519 -1567 y(6)70 b(Memory)15 b(parit)o(y)g(error)h(\()p Fu(.MXMPE==:6)p -FC(\).)21 b(The)16 b(XRH)1470 1563 y(-)1481 1567 y(1)f(attempted)h(to)f(read) -h(from)610 1617 y(the)c(data)f(bu\013er)h(in)f(system)g(memory)m(,)d(but)k -(the)f(memory)e(rep)q(orted)k(a)e(parit)o(y)f(error.)610 1667 -y(The)17 b(failing)c(address)18 b(\(the)e(address)i(of)d(the)i(memory)c(line) -j(on)f(whic)o(h)h(the)h(failure)610 1717 y(o)q(ccurred\))c(will)d(b)q(e)i -(stored)g(so)f(that)g(it)g(is)g(accessible)h(via)f(the)g Fu(.MXERA)f -FC(device)i(status)610 1767 y(register)19 b(\(un)o(til)e(a)g(subsequen)o(t)i -(error)g(address)f(is)g(stored\).)30 b(If)17 b(a)g(Request)i(Sense)610 -1816 y(bu\013er)d(w)o(as)f(asso)q(ciated)g(with)g(this)g(request,)h(the)f -(XRH)1511 1812 y(-)1523 1816 y(1)f(will)g(return)i(the)f(failing)610 -1866 y(address)f(there)h(also.)i(If)12 b(T)m(arget)h(Blo)q(c)o(king)f(mo)q -(de)g(is)h(enabled,)g(the)g(a\013ected)h(target)610 1916 y(device)h(will)d(b) -q(e)j(blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed.)519 2002 y(7)70 b(Non{reco)o(v)o(erable)15 -b(SCSI)f(parit)o(y)f(error)i(\()p Fu(.MXSPE==:7)p FC(\).)i(After)d(sev)o -(eral)h(attempts,)610 2051 y(this)j(command)c(has)k(b)q(een)g(abandoned)g(b)q -(ecause)h(of)e(parit)o(y)g(errors)h(rep)q(orted)h(on)610 2101 -y(the)c(SCSI)f(bus.)519 2187 y(10)49 b(Final)13 b(DMA/DDMA)g(b)o(yte)h(coun)o -(t)h(error)f(\()p Fu(.MXDBC==:10)p FC(\).)519 2272 y(11)49 -b(Not)14 b(implemen)o(ted.)519 2358 y(12)49 b(DRAM)16 b(parit)o(y)g(error)i -(\()p Fu(.MXDRP==:12)p FC(\).)24 b(The)18 b(XRH)1482 2354 y(-)1493 -2358 y(1)f(detected)h(a)f(parit)o(y)f(error)610 2408 y(in)d(its)f(in)o -(ternal)h(memory)m(,)d(whic)o(h)i(is)h(used)h(as)f(a)f(cac)o(he)i(for)e(the)i -(p)q(eripheral)f(devices.)610 2458 y(If)j(the)g(error)h(is)f(asso)q(ciated)h -(with)e(a)h(read)g(op)q(eration)g(from)e(a)i(p)q(eripheral)h(device,)610 -2507 y(the)h(meaning)c(of)i(this)h(error)h(is)e(that)h(the)g(data)g(in)f(the) -h(DRAM)f(w)o(as)h(a)f(mo)q(di\014ed)610 2557 y(cop)o(y)g(of)e(the)i(data)f -(on)g(the)h(device)g(\(whic)o(h)g(w)o(as)f(supp)q(osed)h(to)f(b)q(e)h -(written)g(to)f(the)610 2607 y(device\))20 b(and)f(the)g(DRAM)f(data)h(is)g -(no)o(w)f(corrupted)i(with)f(bad)g(parit)o(y)m(.)31 b(If)19 -b(this)p eop -%%Page: 316 120 -316 119 bop 0 50 a FC(316)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)460 195 y FC(error)g(is)e(presen)o(ted) -j(async)o(hronously)m(,)d(it)g(means)g(that)g(a)g(device)i(write)f(\(whic)o -(h)f(had)460 245 y(previously)h(b)q(een)h(ac)o(kno)o(wledged)f(as)g -(complete\))g(w)o(as)f(in)h(fact)g(cac)o(hed)h(and)f(cannot)460 -295 y(no)o(w)h(b)q(e)g(completed)g(b)q(ecause)h(the)g(cac)o(hed)g(data)e(is)h -(corrupted.)369 380 y(13)49 b(\()p Fu(.MXIES==:13)p FC(\))14 -b(In)o(ternal)i(Error)h(Status.)24 b(F)m(urther)17 b(information)c(is)j(rep)q -(orted)h(in)460 430 y(the)e Fx(ASC)20 b FC(b)o(yte:)460 498 -y(01)50 b(Obsolete.)460 565 y(02)g(Obsolete.)460 633 y(03)g(DMA)13 -b(\014nished)i(during)e(a)h(device)h(write)f(o)q(dd{b)o(yte)g(transfer.)460 -701 y(04)50 b(Obsolete)460 769 y(05)g(Obsolete)460 836 y(06)g(DMA)13 -b(coun)o(t)h(not)g(zero)h(after)f(DMA)g(in)o(terrupt.)460 904 -y(07)50 b(Premature)14 b(phase)g(c)o(hange)g(during)g(selection|target)h(or)e -(hardw)o(are)i(error.)460 972 y(10)50 b(Obsolete.)460 1039 -y(11)g(In)o(ternal)14 b(Chec)o(k)g(Condition)f(failed.)460 -1107 y(12)50 b(Data)13 b(structure)j(error)f(in)e(target)h(blo)q(c)o(k)g -(during)g(reselection.)460 1175 y(13)50 b(Reselection)14 b(error;)h(micro)q -(co)q(de)e(error.)460 1242 y(14)50 b(Unexp)q(ected)16 b(status)e(during)g -(command)d(phase.)460 1310 y(15)50 b(Exp)q(ecting)14 b(an)g(Iden)o(tify)f -(message)h(and)g(did)f(not)h(get)g(one.)460 1378 y(16)50 b(Illegal)12 -b(SCSI)i(phase)g(\(4\);)g(hardw)o(are)g(error.)460 1445 y(17)50 -b(Illegal)12 b(SCSI)i(phase)g(\(5\);)g(hardw)o(are)g(error.)460 -1513 y(20)50 b(Obsolete.)460 1581 y(21)g(Obsolete.)460 1648 -y(22)g(Hardw)o(are)10 b(error.)17 b(The)10 b(error)h(condition)e(v)o(ector)h -(w)o(as)g(tak)o(en,)g(but)g(no)f(problem)552 1698 y(w)o(as)k(found.)18 -b(\(A)c(transien)o(t)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)f(\015uctuation)g(ma)o(y)e(cause)i -(this.\))460 1766 y(23)50 b(Obsolete.)460 1834 y(24)g(Em)o(ulex)12 -b(rep)q(orts)j(a)f(\\gross)g(error")h(during)e(a)h(data)f(transfer.)460 -1901 y(25)50 b(Em)o(ulex)12 b(rep)q(orts)j(that)f(it)g(w)o(as)g(giv)o(en)f -(an)h(illegal)e(command.)369 1987 y(14)49 b(Final)13 b(Em)o(ulex)g(transfer)h -(coun)o(t)h(non-zero)f(\()p Fu(.MXENZ==:14)p FC(\).)369 2072 -y(15)49 b Fx(Byte)19 b(Count)i FC(\014eld)d(to)q(o)f(large)h(\()p -Fu(.MXBTL==:15)p FC(\).)26 b(A)18 b(single)f(transfer)i(or)e(a)g(single)460 -2122 y(comp)q(onen)o(t)f(of)h(a)f(long)g(transfer)i(exceeds)g(255)e(cac)o(he) -i(lines.)27 b(\(The)17 b(precise)i(b)o(yte)460 2172 y(coun)o(t)14 -b(at)g(whic)o(h)g(this)g(o)q(ccurs)h(dep)q(ends)h(on)d(the)i(alignmen)o(t)c -(and)j(transfer)h(mo)q(de.\))369 2258 y(16)49 b(CBS)17 b(Field)f(In)o(v)n -(alid)e(\()p Fu(.MXCBX==:16)p FC(\).)23 b(The)17 b(v)n(alue)e(found)h(the)h -(CBS)g(\014eld)f(is)g(not)460 2307 y(one)10 b(of)g(the)g(legal)f(v)n(alues.) -16 b(The)11 b(original)d(v)n(alue)h(found)g(in)h(the)g(CBS)h(\014eld)f(is)f -(returned)460 2357 y(in)14 b(the)g Fx(Sense)k FC(\014eld.)257 -2429 y(5)91 b(\()p Fu(MX.TIB==:5)p FC(\))14 b(T)m(arget)h(is)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)o -(ed.)23 b(The)16 b(XRH)1171 2425 y(-)1183 2429 y(1)f(is)g(presen)o(tly)i(blo) -q(c)o(king)d(commands)369 2479 y(to)20 b(the)g(target)h(device)f(iden)o -(ti\014ed)g(b)o(y)g(the)h(Bus)f(and)g(T)m(arget)g(\014elds.)36 -b(Access)23 b(to)c(the)369 2529 y(target's)e(LUNs)g(is)f(also)f(blo)q(c)o(k)o -(ed.)26 b(Commands)13 b(returned)18 b(with)e(this)h(status)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f -(not)369 2579 y(b)q(een)i(attempted.)27 b(They)17 b(should)f(b)q(e)i(rep)q -(eated)g(after)f(error{handling)g(routines)g(ha)o(v)o(e)369 -2629 y(issued)e(a)e(Clear)h(T)m(arget{is{Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)g(command)d(\(see)k -(page)f(313\).)p eop -%%Page: 317 121 -317 120 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.12.)31 b(XRH)363 46 y(-)374 50 y(1)14 -b(MASS{STORA)o(GE)f(INTERF)-5 b(A)o(CE)15 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)606 -b FC(317)407 195 y(6)91 b(\()p Fu(MX.REB==:6)p FC(\))14 b(Returned)i(Error)g -(Blo)q(c)o(k.)23 b(After)16 b(the)g(XRH)1497 191 y(-)1509 195 -y(1)f(has)h(b)q(een)g(giv)o(en)f(a)g(\\Re-)519 245 y(lease)k(Comm)o(unicatio) -o(ns)d(Region")i(command,)f(un)o(used)i(MSCBs)h(of)e(the)h(t)o(yp)q(e)h -(Asyn-)519 295 y(c)o(hronous)14 b(or)g(Error)h(Status)f(Rep)q(ort)g(are)h -(returned)g(with)f(this)g(v)n(alue.)407 355 y(7)91 b(\()p Fu(MX.BBR==:7)p -FC(\))9 b(Bus)j(is)f(Being)g(Reset.)18 b(The)12 b(XRH)1320 -351 y(-)1332 355 y(1)e(has)i(returned)h(this)e(MSCB)g(b)q(ecause)519 -405 y(the)k(selected)i(SCSI)d(bus)h(is)g(in)f(the)h(pro)q(cess)i(of)d(b)q -(eing)h(reset.)21 b(When)15 b(a)g(bus)g(is)f(reset,)i(all)519 -455 y(the)e(MSCBs)h(p)q(ertaining)f(to)g(the)g(bus)g(are)h(returned)g(to)f -(the)g(op)q(erating)g(system)g(so)g(that)519 504 y(they)h(can)f(b)q(e)h -(retried)g(later;)f(see)h(page)g(311.)j(The)c(SCSI)h(Status)f(b)o(yte)h(will) -d(b)q(e)j(returned)519 554 y(with)h(a)f(co)q(de)i(that)f(indicates)h(the)g -(state)f(of)g(this)g(MSCB)g(when)h(the)g(bus)f(w)o(as)g(reset:)24 -b(a)519 604 y(0)14 b(indicates)h(the)g(command)d(w)o(as)i(not)h(y)o(et)f -(started;)i(a)e(1)g(indicates)h(that)g(the)g(command)519 654 -y(had)k(b)q(een)h(started,)g(in)f(whic)o(h)f(case)i(the)g Fx(ASC)k -FC(b)o(yte)19 b(indicates)h(the)f(progress)h(of)e(the)519 704 -y(command,)11 b(as)j(follo)o(ws:)529 771 y(0)60 b(Data)13 b(Out)i(phase)f -(\(W)m(rite)g(op)q(eration\).)529 839 y(1)60 b(Data)13 b(In)h(phase)h(\(Read) -f(op)q(eration\).)529 907 y(2)60 b(Command)11 b(phase.)529 -974 y(3)60 b(Status)15 b(In)f(phase.)529 1042 y(4)60 b(Disconnect)15 -b(state.)529 1110 y(5)60 b(End)14 b(of)g(SCSI)g(command.)529 -1178 y(6)60 b(Message)15 b(Out)g(phase.)529 1245 y(7)60 b(Message)15 -b(In)f(phase.)519 1313 y(10)49 b(Selection)15 b(with)e(A)m(TN)h(and)f(Stop)h -(started.)519 1381 y(11)49 b(Selection)15 b(with)e(A)m(TN)h(started.)519 -1448 y(20)49 b(Long)14 b(transfer)g(and)g(Data)f(Out)i(phase)f(\(write)h(op)q -(eration\).)519 1516 y(21)49 b(Long)14 b(transfer)g(and)g(Data)f(Out)i(phase) -f(con)o(tin)o(uation.)519 1584 y(22)49 b(Long)14 b(transfer,)g(Data)f(Out,)h -(Em)o(ulex)f(complete,)g(but)h(DMA)g(is)g(still)f(busy)h(\(some-)610 -1633 y(times)f(OK)i(for)e(tap)q(e)i(transfers\).)519 1701 y(23)49 -b(Long)14 b(transfer,)g(Data)f(Out,)h(error)h(restarting)f(the)h(last)f -(transfer.)519 1769 y(25)49 b(Long)14 b(transfer,)g(Data)f(Out)i(complete.) -519 1837 y(40)49 b(Long)14 b(transfer,)g(Data)f(In)h(phase)h(\(read)f(op)q -(eration\).)519 1904 y(41)49 b(Long)14 b(transfer,)g(Data)f(In)h(phase,)g -(con)o(tin)o(uation.)519 1972 y(42)49 b(Long)18 b(transfer,)i(Data)e(In)g -(phase,)i(Em)o(ulex)d(complete,)h(but)h(DMA)f(is)g(still)g(busy)610 -2022 y(\(sometimes)13 b(OK)h(for)f(tap)q(e)i(transfers\).)519 -2089 y(43)49 b(Long)14 b(transfer,)g(Data)f(In,)h(error)g(restarting)h(the)f -(last)g(transfer.)519 2157 y(45)49 b(Long)14 b(transfer,)g(Data)f(In)h -(complete,)f(w)o(aiting)f(for)i(Em)o(ulex)e(to)i(\014nish.)150 -2239 y Fx(CPU)168 b FC(The)15 b(CPU)f(records)i(its)f(o)o(wn)f(slot)g(n)o(um) -o(b)q(er)g(in)f(this)i(\014eld)f(so)h(the)g(XRH)1556 2235 y(-)1567 -2239 y(1)g(will)d(kno)o(w)i(to)h(whom)407 2289 y(to)f(resp)q(ond.)150 -2366 y Fx(F)m(ormat)125 b FC(This)19 b(\014eld)g(sp)q(eci\014es)h(the)g -(format)d(used)j(to)f(pac)o(k)g(data)f(in)o(to)g(or)h(unpac)o(k)g(data)g -(from)e(36{bit)407 2416 y(w)o(ords.)i(F)m(urther,)14 b(the)h(most)e -(signi\014can)o(t)g(bit)h(of)g(the)g Fx(F)m(ormat)k FC(\014eld)c(\()p -Fu(.MXFCL==:200)p FC(\))e(con)o(trols)407 2466 y(the)21 b(in)o(terpretation)f -(of)g(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(the)h(w)o(ord)f(at)g Fu(.MXDBA)f -FC(as)h(either)h(a)f Fx(Data)h(Bu\013er)407 2515 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)c -FC(or)d(as)g(a)f Fx(Command)j(List)e(A)n(ddr)n(ess)s FC(.)407 -2579 y(The)20 b(data)g(formats)f(supp)q(orted)i(b)o(y)f(the)h(XRH)1195 -2575 y(-)1207 2579 y(1)e(are)i(listed)f(b)q(elo)o(w.)36 b(The)21 -b(format)d(names,)407 2629 y Fu(.MXF36)p FC(,)h Fu(.MXF32)p -FC(,)g(and)g Fu(.MXF40)p FC(,)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(the)h(follo)o(w)d(mnemonic)g -(signi\014cance:)30 b(the)20 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)p eop -%%Page: 318 122 -318 121 bop 0 50 a FC(318)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)257 195 y FC(represen)o(ts)21 -b(either)e(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(bits)h(on)f(the)h(recording)f(medium) -e(p)q(er)j(36{bit)e(w)o(ord)h(or,)257 245 y(equiv)n(alen)o(tly)m(,)11 -b(the)j(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(8{bit)g(b)o(ytes)h(on)f(the)h(medium)d(p)q(er) -j(TO)o(AD)1463 241 y(-)1475 245 y(1)f(System)g(memory)257 295 -y(line.)257 362 y(0)70 b(36{bit)11 b(mo)q(de)g(\()p Fu(.MXF36==:0)p -FC(\).)k(Nine)d(8{bit)f(b)o(ytes)i(from)d(t)o(w)o(o)h(consecutiv)o(e)i -(36{bit)e(w)o(ords,)348 412 y(are)i(written)g(to)f(\(or)h(read)g(from\))e -(the)i(selected)h(target)f(in)f(the)h(order)g(indicated;)f(the)i(\014elds)348 -462 y(lab)q(eled)c(\\5h")f(and)h(\\5l")e(are)j(the)f(high{)f(and)h(lo)o -(w{order)f(p)q(ortions)h(of)f(b)o(yte)i(5,)e(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)348 -530 y(This)14 b(format)d(is)j(used)g(for)g(data)f(transfers)i(b)q(et)o(w)o -(een)g(the)f(CPU)g(and)f(SCSI)h(disks.)k(It)c(ma)o(y)348 580 -y(b)q(e)d(used)f(also)g(in)f(transfers)i(to)f(high{densit)o(y)f(tap)q(es.)18 -b(In)10 b(this)f(format,)g(the)h(transfer{length)348 629 y(\014eld)g(within)g -(the)h Fx(Command)h(n)h FC(b)o(ytes)e(and)f(the)h Fx(Byte)g(Count)k -FC(\014eld)10 b(in)g(the)g(MSCB)h(indicate)348 679 y(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e -(of)g(8{bit)g(b)o(ytes)h(transferred.)19 b(The)11 b(transfer)h(length)f -(\(and)g(b)o(yte)g(coun)o(t\))g(m)o(ust)348 729 y(b)q(e)k(a)e(m)o(ultiple)f -(of)h(9;)g(that)h(is,)f(an)h(ev)o(en)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g(w)o(ords)h(m)o -(ust)f(b)q(e)i(transferred.)p 298 967 1495 2 v 298 967 2 167 -v 298 801 1495 2 v 1792 967 2 167 v 422 979 2 13 v 547 979 -V 671 979 V 796 979 V 920 979 V 1045 987 2 21 v 1169 979 2 -13 v 1294 979 V 1418 979 V 1543 979 V 1667 979 V 298 884 1495 -2 v 601 997 a Fn(7)p 630 884 2 84 v -307 w(0)p 298 884 V 454 -855 a FC(1)925 997 y Fn(15)p 962 884 V -316 w(8)p 630 884 V -786 855 a FC(2)1257 997 y Fn(23)p 1294 884 V -324 w(16)p 962 -884 V 1118 855 a FC(3)1589 997 y Fn(31)p 1626 884 V -324 w(24)p -1294 884 V 1450 855 a FC(4)1755 997 y Fn(35)p 1792 884 V -158 -w(32)p 1626 884 V 1688 857 a FC(5h)435 997 y Fn(3)p 464 967 -V -141 w(0)p 298 967 V 365 940 a FC(5l)759 997 y Fn(11)p 796 -967 V -316 w(4)p 464 967 V 620 938 a FC(6)1091 997 y Fn(19)p -1128 967 V -324 w(12)p 796 967 V 952 938 a FC(7)1423 997 y -Fn(27)p 1460 967 V -324 w(20)p 1128 967 V 1284 938 a FC(8)1755 -997 y Fn(35)p 1792 967 V -324 w(28)p 1460 967 V 1616 938 a -FC(9)257 1135 y(1)70 b(32{bit)18 b(mo)q(de)g(\()p Fu(.MXF32==:1)p -FC(\).)31 b(F)m(our)19 b(8{bit)f(b)o(ytes,)i(left{justi\014ed)f(in)f(a)h -(36{bit)f(w)o(ord,)348 1185 y(are)h(written)f(to)g(\(or)g(read)g(from\))f -(the)h(selected)i(SCSI)e(target)h(in)e(the)i(order)f(indicated.)348 -1235 y(Bits)d(mark)o(ed)f(\\x")g(are)h(ignored)f(during)h(writes)g(and)g(are) -g(set)g(to)g(zero)g(on)g(reads.)21 b(In)15 b(this)348 1285 -y(format,)9 b(the)i(transfer{length)g(\014eld)920 1270 y Fn(37)966 -1285 y FC(is)f(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(8{bit)g(b)o(ytes)h(transferred)h -(b)o(y)e(this)348 1334 y(command.)15 b(This)d(format)f(is)h(used)h(in)f -(commands)e(that)i(transfer)i(op)q(erating)e(information)348 -1384 y(from)g(the)h(target)h(device)g(to)f(the)h(CPU)f(and)g(in)g(commands)d -(that)k(send)g(parameters)f(from)348 1434 y(the)k(CPU)f(to)g(the)h(target.)24 -b(This)16 b(format)e(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)j(used)g(for)e(transfers)j(to)e(9{trac)o -(k)f(tap)q(e)348 1484 y(or)f(to)f(supp)q(ort)i(devices)g(that)f(are)g(not)f -(formatted)g(for)g(the)h(TO)o(AD)1430 1480 y(-)1442 1484 y(1)g(System)f -(\(e.g.,)f(CD-)348 1534 y(R)o(OMs\).)p 298 1691 1495 2 v 298 -1691 2 84 v 298 1608 1495 2 v 1792 1691 2 84 v 422 1703 2 13 -v 547 1703 V 671 1703 V 796 1703 V 920 1703 V 1045 1711 2 21 -v 1169 1703 2 13 v 1294 1703 V 1418 1703 V 1543 1703 V 1667 -1703 V 601 1721 a Fn(7)p 630 1691 2 84 v -307 w(0)p 298 1691 -V 454 1663 a FC(1)925 1721 y Fn(15)p 962 1691 V -316 w(8)p -630 1691 V 786 1663 a FC(2)1257 1721 y Fn(23)p 1294 1691 V --324 w(16)p 962 1691 V 1118 1663 a FC(3)1589 1721 y Fn(31)p -1626 1691 V -324 w(24)p 1294 1691 V 1450 1663 a FC(4)1755 1721 -y Fn(35)p 1792 1691 V -158 w(32)p 1626 1691 V 1642 1658 a FC(x)k(x)g(x)f(x) -257 1859 y(2)70 b(\\Dump")11 b(mo)q(de)g(\()p Fu(.MXF40==:2)p -FC(\).)16 b(Eac)o(h)d(36{bit)e(w)o(ord)i(is)f(written)i(to)e(\(or)h(read)g -(from\))e(\014v)o(e)348 1909 y(consecutiv)o(e)j(b)o(ytes)g(on)e(the)h(target) -g(device.)19 b(The)13 b(\014gure)g(b)q(elo)o(w)g(depicts)g(the)g -(relationship)348 1959 y(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(\014v)o(e)e(consecutiv)o(e)i(b)o -(ytes)f(on)f(the)g(recording)h(medium)d(and)i(a)f(computer)h(w)o(ord)g(in)348 -2009 y(memory)m(.)p 132 2164 1661 2 v 132 2081 V 131 2163 2 -84 v 1792 2163 V 435 2193 a Fn(7)p 464 2163 V -307 w(0)p 131 -2163 V 288 2135 a FC(1)759 2193 y Fn(15)p 796 2163 V -316 w(8)p -464 2163 V 620 2135 a FC(2)1091 2193 y Fn(23)p 1128 2163 V --324 w(16)p 796 2163 V 952 2135 a FC(3)1423 2193 y Fn(31)p -1460 2163 V -324 w(24)p 1128 2163 V 1284 2135 a FC(4)1470 2151 -y(x)20 b(x)g(x)f(x)1616 2114 y(5)1631 2193 y Fn(32)90 b(35)348 -2314 y FC(The)11 b(\014rst)h(four)e(b)o(ytes)i(on)e(the)i(recording)f(medium) -d(corresp)q(ond)k(to)f(bits)g(0{7,)f(8{15,)g(16{23,)348 2364 -y(and)k(24{31)f(in)h(the)h(data)f(w)o(ord,)f(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely;)j(the)f -(least{signi\014can)o(t)e(4)h(bits)h(of)e(the)i(\014fth)348 -2414 y(recorded)i(b)o(yte)f(corresp)q(ond)h(to)e(bits)h(32{35)e(in)h(the)h -(data)f(w)o(ord.)22 b(The)16 b(most{signi\014can)o(t)348 2463 -y(4)f(bits)h(of)f(the)h(\014fth)f(recorded)i(b)o(yte)f(are)g(written)g(to)f -(the)h(device)h(as)e(zero,)h(and)g(they)g(are)p 0 2498 720 -2 v 31 2525 a Fm(37)64 2537 y Fl(The)d(transfer{lengt)o(h)e(\014eld)i(is)h -(con)o(tained)d(within)i(the)g Ff(Command)i(n)i Fl(b)o(ytes;)d(it)f(ma)o(y)g -(b)q(e)g(called)g(either)f(\\transfer)g(length",)0 2576 y(\\allo)q(cation)c -(length",)h(or)i(\\paramete)o(r)d(list)j(length",)e(dep)q(ending)f(on)j(the)f -(particular)e(command.)13 b(The)e(CPU)h(\(op)q(erating)c(system\))0 -2616 y(is)j(resp)q(onsible)e(for)i(making)f(this)g(\014eld)h(consisten)o(t)e -(with)i(the)g Ff(Byte)i(Count)f Fl(\014eld)e(of)i(the)e(MSCB.)p -eop -%%Page: 319 123 -319 122 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.12.)31 b(XRH)363 46 y(-)374 50 y(1)14 -b(MASS{STORA)o(GE)f(INTERF)-5 b(A)o(CE)15 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)606 -b FC(319)498 195 y(discarded)15 b(on)f(input;)f(these)i(bits)f(are)g(mark)o -(ed)f(\\x")g(in)h(the)g(\014gure)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)498 263 -y(In)i(this)g(format,)e(the)j(transfer{length)f(\014eld)g(within)f(the)i -Fx(Command)g(n)i FC(b)o(ytes)e(and)e(the)498 313 y Fx(Byte)h(Count)j -FC(\014eld)15 b(should)h(b)q(oth)f(con)o(tain)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g -(8{bit)g(b)o(ytes)h(transferred)h(b)o(y)498 362 y(this)12 b(command;)e(i.e.,) -h(\014v)o(e)i(times)e(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(w)o(ords)g(transferred.)19 -b(This)13 b(format)d(ma)o(y)498 412 y(b)q(e)16 b(used)h(for)e(transfers)i(to) -f(or)f(from)f(tap)q(e.)24 b(This)16 b(mo)q(de)e(is)i(compatible)e(with)h(a)g -(p)q(opular)498 462 y(format)10 b(used)i(to)f(record)h(9{trac)o(k)f(tap)q(e)h -(on)f(the)g(DECsystem{10)g(and)g(DECSYSTEM-20;)498 512 y(it)j(is)f(in)o -(tended)i(for)e(reading)h(tap)q(es)h(made)e(on)g(suc)o(h)i(systems.)150 -596 y Fx(Byte)150 646 y(Count)407 596 y FC(F)m(rom)g(the)i(CPU)g(to)g(the)g -(XRH)922 592 y(-)934 596 y(1,)g(this)f(\014eld)h(con)o(tains)g(the)g(length)g -(of)f(the)i(data)e(bu\013er)i(area)407 646 y(measured)13 b(in)f(8{bit)g(b)o -(ytes.)18 b(Note)13 b(that,)g(in)f(a)h(Read)f(command,)e(the)j(b)o(yte)g -(coun)o(t)g(is)g(a)f(m)o(ultiple)407 695 y(of)j(32)f(in)h(32-bit)g(mo)q(de,)f -(or)h(in)g(36{bit)g(mo)q(de)f(a)h(m)o(ultiple)e(of)i(36,)f(b)q(ecause)k(the)e -(XRH)1794 691 y(-)1805 695 y(1)f(writes)407 745 y(in)e(memory)e(only)i(on)g -(the)h(basis)g(of)f(memory)e(lines)i(\(8)h(w)o(ords\).)k(The)c(b)o(yte)g -(coun)o(t)g(and)f(transfer)407 795 y(format)19 b(are)h(com)o(bined)g(to)g -(form)f(the)i(transfer)h(length,)f(allo)q(cation)e(length,)j(or)e(parameter) -407 845 y(length)e(\014eld)g(within)f(the)i(command)c(b)o(ytes.)31 -b(In)18 b(no)g(ev)o(en)o(t)h(shall)e(the)i(XRH)1675 841 y(-)1687 -845 y(1)e(o)o(v)o(erstep)i(the)407 895 y(region)14 b(de\014ned)g(b)o(y)g(the) -h Fx(Data)g(Bu\013er)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess)i FC(and)d Fx(Byte)h(Count)j -FC(\014elds.)407 971 y(F)m(rom)13 b(the)j(XRH)685 967 y(-)696 -971 y(1)f(to)g(the)h(CPU,)e(the)i Fx(Byte)g(Count)j FC(\014eld)d(will)d(b)q -(e)j(set)g(b)o(y)e(the)i(XRH)1793 967 y(-)1805 971 y(1)e(to)h(the)407 -1020 y(residual)g(b)o(yte)g(coun)o(t;)g(i.e.,)f(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h -(b)o(ytes)g(allo)q(cated)g(\(in)f(this)h(\014eld,)g(from)e(the)i(CPU\))407 -1070 y(but)f(not)g(used)h(b)o(y)e(the)i(actual)e(data)h(transfer.)407 -1136 y(The)j(residual)g(Byte)h(Coun)o(t)f(should)f(b)q(e)i(zero)g(in)e(all)g -(disk)h(data)f(op)q(erations)h(and)g(in)g(all)e(tap)q(e)407 -1186 y(data)d(writes.)18 b(A)12 b(non{zero)h(residual)f(is)g(acceptable)i(in) -e(commands)e(that)i(do)g(not)g(transfer)h(data)407 1236 y(from)h(the)j -(medium)c(\(e.g.,)j(Inquiry)m(,)f(Request)i(Sense,)g(Mo)q(de)g(Sense\);)h -(the)f(program)d(ma)o(y)g(not)407 1286 y(kno)o(w)g(in)g(adv)n(ance)h(ho)o(w)f -(man)o(y)f(b)o(ytes)i(the)h(device)f(will)e(transfer.)22 b(In)14 -b(suc)o(h)i(cases)g(the)f(residual)407 1336 y(can)g(b)q(e)h(ignored,)g(or)f -(it)g(can)h(b)q(e)g(compared)e(to)i(coun)o(ts)g(con)o(tained)f(within)g(the)h -(data.)22 b(In)15 b(read)407 1385 y(op)q(erations)c(from)d(a)i(tap)q(e,)h(a)g -(non-zero)g(residual)f(indicates)h(that)f(a)g(short)h(record)h(has)e(b)q(een) -i(read;)407 1435 y(this)h(should)g(b)q(e)g(coupled)h(with)e(Chec)o(k)i -(Condition)e(status)h(and)g(sense)i(data)e(that)g(corrob)q(orates)407 -1485 y(the)h(short)h(length)f(of)f(the)h(data)g(record.)407 -1551 y(Commands)f(in)j(whic)o(h)g(the)h(device)g(has)g(more)e(data)h(than)g -(the)h(giv)o(en)f(allo)q(cation)e(length)i(will)407 1601 y(end)21 -b(with)f(a)g(zero)i(residual)e(b)o(yte)h(coun)o(t.)38 b(Commands)18 -b(that)i(do)h(not)f(transfer)i(data)e(from)407 1651 y(the)c(medium)d(\(e.g.,) -j(Inquiry\))f(will)g(end)h(with)g(\\go)q(o)q(d")f(status,)i(but)f(the)g -(excess)i(of)d(data)h(o)o(v)o(er)407 1700 y(allo)q(cation)c(can)h(b)q(e)h -(determined)g(b)o(y)f(examination)e(of)h(coun)o(ts)i(con)o(tained)g(within)e -(the)i(data.)k(In)407 1750 y(transfers)g(of)f(data)g(to)g(or)g(from)f(the)h -(medium,)e(when)j(the)g(data)f(bu\013er)h(is)f(to)q(o)g(short)g(for)g(the)407 -1800 y(medium,)e(the)i(command)e(will)h(end)h(with)g(Chec)o(k)h(Condition)e -(status)i(and)f(sense)i(ILI)e(\(illegal)407 1850 y(length)d(indicator,)f(for) -h(tap)q(e)h(and)f(other)h(sequen)o(tial{access)h(devices\))f(and)f(sense)i -(information)407 1900 y(con)o(taining)d(a)g(negativ)o(e)h(residual)g -(\(excess)i(of)d(data)h(o)o(v)o(er)g(allo)q(cation\).)150 1982 -y Fx(Data)150 2032 y(Bu\013er)150 2082 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)407 -1982 y FC(This)i(is)h(a)g(bus{address)h(w)o(ord)e(in)h(whic)o(h)f -Fx(D)t FC(,)h(the)g(device)h(bit,)e(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(zero.)28 -b(If)16 b(the)h(most{)407 2032 y(signi\014can)o(t)c(bit)g(\()p -Fu(.MXFCL)p FC(\))f(of)h(the)h Fx(F)m(ormat)i FC(\014eld)e(is)f(0,)g(this)g -(w)o(ord)g(sp)q(eci\014es)i(the)f(main)d(memory)407 2082 y(address)j(of)f -(the)h(data)f(source)i(\(write\))e(or)h(destination)f(\(read\).)18 -b(If)13 b(the)h(most{signi\014can)o(t)e(bit)h(of)407 2131 y(the)g -Fx(F)m(ormat)j FC(\014eld)c(is)g(1,)g(this)h(w)o(ord)f(sp)q(eci\014es)i(the)f -(main)e(memory)f(address)j(of)f(a)g(command)e(list:)407 2181 -y(see)15 b(\\Long)e(T)m(ransfers",)h(b)q(elo)o(w.)407 2257 -y(When)j(this)f(\014eld)h(is)g(the)g(address)h(of)e(the)h(data)g(bu\013er,)h -(then)f(if)f(the)h(bus{address)h(w)o(ord)f(is)f(a)407 2307 -y(m)o(ultiple)c(of)i(8,)g(the)i(address)g(is)e(said)g(to)h(b)q(e)g(aligned.) -20 b(Man)o(y)14 b(cautions)h(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)j(observ)o(ed)f(for)407 -2357 y(transfers)f(that)e(are)i(not)e(aligned;)g(see)i(\\Unaligned)d(T)m -(ransfers",)i(b)q(elo)o(w.)k(Data)12 b(will)g(b)q(e)h(fetc)o(hed)407 -2407 y(from)f(\(or)i(stored)g(in\))f(consecutiv)o(e)j(ph)o(ysical)d(lo)q -(cations)1300 2392 y Fn(38)1348 2407 y FC(to)g(the)i(exten)o(t)f(de\014ned)h -(b)o(y)e(the)i Fx(Byte)407 2457 y(Count)h FC(\014eld)11 b(or)h(the)g(actual)f -(amoun)o(t)f(of)h(data)g(transferred,)j(whic)o(hev)o(er)e(is)g(smaller.)j(In) -d(a)f(device)407 2506 y(read)16 b(op)q(eration,)f(if)g(the)h(actual)g(n)o(um) -o(b)q(er)f(of)g(data)g(b)o(ytes)h(transferred)h(do)q(es)g(not)e(precisely)i -(\014ll)407 2556 y(an)c(8{w)o(ord)h(memory)d(line,)i(an)g(en)o(tire)i(memory) -c(line)i(will)f(b)q(e)j(written)f(to)g(memory)d(con)o(taining)p -150 2590 720 2 v 181 2617 a Fm(38)214 2629 y Fl(The)g(lo)q(cations)e(are)i -(all)g(in)g(the)g(same)f(bac)o(kplane)f(slot:)15 b(the)10 b(XRH)1118 -2626 y(-)1129 2629 y(1)h(will)h(not)f(alter)f(the)h(slot{n)o(um)o(b)q(er)d -(\014eld)j(of)g(the)f(BA)l(W.)p eop -%%Page: 320 124 -320 123 bop 0 50 a FC(320)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)257 195 y FC(the)e(\014nal)g(data)f(b)o -(ytes)i(and)e(su\016cien)o(t)i(zero)g(b)o(ytes)f(to)g(\014ll)f(the)h -(remainder)g(of)f(the)h(line.)17 b(The)c(b)o(yte)257 245 y(coun)o(t)i(and)g -(transfer)g(alignmen)o(t)e(m)o(ust)h(sp)q(ecify)h(the)g(transfer)h(of)e(256)g -(or)h(few)o(er)h(memory)c(lines)257 295 y(\(2)g(Kw)h(or)g(4)f(pages)h(in)g -(memory;)d(this)i(is)h(8,)f(9,)g(or)h(10)f(K)h(b)o(ytes)g(on)g(the)g(medium,) -d(dep)q(ending)j(on)257 345 y(the)h(data)f(mo)q(de\).)k(Longer)d(transfers)h -(m)o(ust)d(b)q(e)j(split)e(in)o(to)g(m)o(ultiple)e(transfer)j(commands:)i -(see)257 394 y(\\Long)11 b(T)m(ransfers",)h(b)q(elo)o(w.)17 -b(A)12 b(single)f(transfer)i(m)o(ust)e(not)g(cross)i(the)g(b)q(oundary)e -(from)f(ph)o(ysical)257 444 y(address)15 b(...3777)c(to)j(...4000)e(\(or)i -(from)e(...7777)f(to)j(...0000\).)0 527 y Fx(Bus)189 b FC(This)16 -b(is)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(the)h(particular)g(SCSI{2)f(bus)h(b)q -(eing)g(addressed.)28 b(The)17 b(legal)e(v)n(alues)257 577 -y(are)f(in)g(the)g(range)g(0{3.)0 660 y Fx(T)m(ar)n(get)141 -b FC(This)13 b(\014eld)h(stores)h(the)g(SCSI)e(iden)o(ti\014cation)g(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)g(of)g(the)i(targeted)f(device)h(in)o(terface.)k(The)257 -710 y(legal)13 b(v)n(alues)g(are)i(in)e(the)i(range)f(0{15.)876 -695 y Fn(39)0 793 y Fx(LUN)169 b FC(This)10 b(is)h(the)g(logical)e(unit)h(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(the)h(targeted)g(device.)18 b(The)11 b(legal)e(v)n(alues) -i(are)g(in)f(the)h(range)257 843 y(0{7.)24 b(F)m(or)16 b(targets)g(that)h -(supp)q(ort)g(only)e(one)h(logical)f(unit,)h(this)g(\014eld)g(should)g(b)q(e) -h(set)g(to)f(zero.)257 892 y(The)e(XRH)437 888 y(-)449 892 -y(1)f(uses)j(this)d(v)n(alue)h(to)f(generate)j(the)e(Iden)o(tify)g(message)f -(to)h(the)g(target)h(in)o(terface.)0 976 y Fx(AEC)168 b FC(Additional)19 -b(Error)i(Co)q(de.)38 b(When)20 b(a)h(Rep)q(ort)f(Async)o(hronous)i(or)e -(Error)h(Status)g(MSCB)g(is)257 1025 y(returned)g(with)d(error)i(status,)h -(this)e(\014eld)h(will)d(b)q(e)j(set)g(to)f(alert)g(the)h(CPU)f(soft)o(w)o -(are)g(to)g(the)257 1075 y(un)o(usual)f(nature)h(of)e(the)i(rep)q(ort.)33 -b(Bus)19 b(errors)g(are)g(mark)o(ed)e(as)h(async)o(hronous)h(returns)h(and) -257 1125 y(target)15 b(unkno)o(wn.)21 b(An)16 b(error)g(from)d(an)i(async)o -(hronous)g(\(cac)o(he\))i(write)e(will)f(b)q(e)h(mark)o(ed)f(as)h(an)257 -1175 y(async)o(hronous)f(return)h(and)f(will)f(pro)o(vide)g(the)i(status)g -(of)e(the)h(a\013ected)i(target.)0 1258 y Fx(MAL)163 b FC(MSCB)15 -b(Allo)q(cation.)20 b(In)15 b(order)g(to)g(con)o(trol)g(the)g(\015o)o(w)f(of) -h(requests)h(from)e(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(to)d(the)257 1308 -y(XRH)352 1304 y(-)364 1308 y(1,)f(the)i(XRH)577 1304 y(-)588 -1308 y(1)f(returns)i(a)e(coun)o(t)g(of)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(resources)k(in)e -(this)g(\014eld.)19 b(The)c(resources)257 1357 y(rep)q(orted)j(corresp)q(ond) -g(appro)o(ximately)c(to)j(MSCBs.)27 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)17 -b(an)f(MSCB)h(that)g(calls)f(for)g(a)257 1407 y(long)f(transfer)j(will)d -(consume)h(more)f(of)h(the)h(XRH)1083 1403 y(-)1095 1407 y(1's)f(resources.) -28 b(F)m(urther,)17 b(an)f(MSCB)h(that)257 1457 y(transfers)j(in)o(to)f(the)h -(data)f(cac)o(he)h(will)e(o)q(ccup)o(y)i(XRH)1140 1453 y(-)1151 -1457 y(1)f(resources)j(un)o(til)c(the)i(data)f(cac)o(he)h(is)257 -1507 y(transferred)d(to)f(disk.)24 b(The)16 b(normal)e(v)n(alue)h(of)g(this)h -(\014eld)g(is)g(255;)f(lo)o(w)o(er)h(v)n(alues)f(indicate)h(that)257 -1557 y(the)d(op)q(erating)f(system)f(should)h(limit)e(the)j(rate)f(at)g(whic) -o(h)g(requests)i(are)f(made,)e(un)o(til)g(the)i(v)n(alue)257 -1606 y(increases.)0 1689 y Fx(Command)73 b FC(This)14 b(\014eld)g(con)o -(tains)f(a)h(six{,)f(ten{,)h(or)g(t)o(w)o(elv)o(e{b)o(yte)g(SCSI)g(command)d -(directed)k(to)f(the)g(target)257 1739 y(device)j(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)f -(the)g Fx(Bus)s FC(,)h Fx(T)m(ar)n(get)t FC(,)e(and)h Fx(LUN)22 -b FC(\014elds.)j(The)16 b(v)n(alues)f(and)h(the)h(command)257 -1789 y(length)f(are)h(as)g(de\014ned)g(in)f(the)h(SCSI{2)f(sp)q -(eci\014cation.)27 b(Some)15 b(of)h(the)h(SCSI)f(commands)f(are)257 -1839 y(listed)f(b)q(elo)o(w.)257 1907 y(000)80 b(T)m(est)14 -b(Unit)e(Ready)m(.)17 b(This)c(command)e(pro)o(vides)i(a)f(means)h(to)g(c)o -(hec)o(k)h(whether)g(a)f(logical)400 1956 y(unit)h(is)f(ready)m(.)257 -2042 y(010)80 b(Read)20 b(\(tap)q(e\))i(The)f(op)q(erating)f(system)g(will)f -(sp)q(ecify)i(a)g(transfer)g(length)g(in)f(b)o(ytes,)400 2092 -y(em)o(b)q(edded)10 b(in)f(the)i(SCSI)e(command.)14 b(Elsewhere)e(in)d(the)h -(MSCB,)g(the)h(system)e(sp)q(eci\014es)400 2142 y Fx(F)m(ormat)t -FC(,)k Fx(Byte)i(Count)t FC(,)f(and)f Fx(Data)j(Bu\013er)f(A)n(ddr)n(ess)s -FC(.)400 2209 y(The)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)f(w)o(ords)i(read)g(from)e(the)i -(tap)q(e)f(dep)q(ends)j(on)d(the)h(b)o(yte)f(coun)o(t)h(and)f(the)400 -2259 y(format.)257 2345 y(012)80 b(W)m(rite)13 b(\(tap)q(e\).)257 -2430 y(022)80 b(Inquiry)m(.)20 b(The)15 b(CPU)g(asks)g(for)f(information)e -(from)h(the)i(target)g(device)h(so)f(that)f(it)h(can)400 2480 -y(determine)f(system)g(con\014guration.)p 0 2515 720 2 v 31 -2542 a Fm(39)64 2553 y Fl(T)m(argets)c(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)f(8)i(and)g(ab)q(o)o -(v)o(e)f(can)h(b)q(e)g(accessed)e(only)i(via)f(the)h(\\P")g(cable,)f(as)i -(de\014ned)d(in)i(the)g(SCSI{3)f(sp)q(eci\014cation.)p eop -%%Page: 321 125 -321 124 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.12.)31 b(XRH)363 46 y(-)374 50 y(1)14 -b(MASS{STORA)o(GE)f(INTERF)-5 b(A)o(CE)15 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)606 -b FC(321)407 195 y(050)80 b(Read)17 b(\(disk\).)28 b(The)17 -b(op)q(erating)g(system)g(will)f(sp)q(ecify)i(an)f(in{unit)f(address)i -(\(Logical)550 245 y(Blo)q(c)o(k)13 b(Num)o(b)q(er\))f(and)h(the)g(transfer)h -(length)f(\(Blo)q(c)o(k)g(Coun)o(t\))f(em)o(b)q(edded)h(in)g(this)f(com-)550 -295 y(mand.)k(Elsewhere)d(in)f(the)g(MSCB,)g(the)g(op)q(erating)g(system)g -(will)e(sp)q(ecify)j(the)f Fx(F)m(ormat)t FC(,)550 345 y(the)19 -b Fx(Data)g(Bu\013er)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess)s FC(,)g(and)e(a)h Fx(Byte)h(Count)t -FC(.)31 b(F)m(or)17 b(disk)h(read)h(and)e(write,)i(the)550 -394 y(format)12 b(is)i(usually)f(36{bit.)407 480 y(052)80 b(W)m(rite)13 -b(\(disk\).)550 548 y(If)h(XRH)687 544 y(-)699 548 y(1)h(disk)f(cac)o(hing)h -(is)g(enabled)g(for)f(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(unit,)d(the)i(XRH)1741 -544 y(-)1752 548 y(1)f(will)e(cop)o(y)550 597 y(the)k(data)f(to)g(its)g(cac)o -(he)h(and)f(rep)q(ort)h(the)g(op)q(eration)f(as)g(b)q(eing)g(complete)f(b)q -(efore)i(the)550 647 y(actual)c(cac)o(he{to{disk)g(transfer)h(is)f(p)q -(erformed.)18 b(\(If)12 b(the)i(target)g(device's)g(write)f(cac)o(he)550 -697 y(is)f(enabled,)g(it)g(will)f(rep)q(ort)i(the)f(op)q(eration)g(as)h(b)q -(eing)f(complete)f(as)h(so)q(on)g(as)h(it)e(reciev)o(es)550 -747 y(the)k(data,)e(b)q(efore)h(the)h(actual)e(transfer)i(to)f(the)g(medium)d -(is)j(p)q(erformed.)150 828 y Fu(.MXSTA)150 877 y Fx(wor)n(d)407 -828 y FC(This)e(w)o(ord)f(sp)q(eci\014es)j(the)e(metho)q(d)f(b)o(y)h(whic)o -(h)f(the)i(XRH)1314 824 y(-)1325 828 y(1)f(will)e(rep)q(ort)j(errors)g(asso)q -(ciated)f(with)407 877 y(this)g(command.)i(When)e(this)g(w)o(ord)g(is)f(sen)o -(t)i(from)d(the)i(CPU)g(to)g(the)g(XRH)1592 873 y(-)1604 877 -y(1,)f(it)h(should)f(con)o(tain)407 927 y(one)j(of)f(the)i(follo)o(wing:)428 -1018 y FA(\017)49 b FC(All)13 b(Zero,)h(to)g(select)h(\\Automatic)e(Short")g -(error)i(rep)q(orting.)428 1073 y FA(\017)49 b FC(A)14 b(Bus{Address)i(W)m -(ord,)d(selecting)i(\\Automatic)d(Long")h(error)i(rep)q(orting.)428 -1128 y FA(\017)49 b FC(Bit)14 b(0)g(set)g(to)g(1,)f(selecting)i(\\Man)o(ual") -d(error)j(rep)q(orting.)407 1208 y(In)f(the)h(automatic)e(mo)q(des,)g(the)i -(XRH)1035 1204 y(-)1047 1208 y(1)f(will)f(rep)q(ort)i(some)f(error)h -(information)c(in)j(this)h(w)o(ord.)407 1258 y(Additional)d(information)f(ab) -q(out)j(error)h(rep)q(orting)f(and)g(error)h(handling)d(is)i(presen)o(ted)i -(b)q(elo)o(w.)150 1399 y Fz(3.12.2.4)48 b(Error)15 b(Rep)q(orting)150 -1511 y FC(SCSI)k(devices)h(hold)e(\\sense")i(information)c(relating)i(to)h -(the)g(error)h(conditions)e(encoun)o(tered)j(b)o(y)e(the)g(most)150 -1561 y(recen)o(t)14 b(command.)h(This)d(information)d(can)k(b)q(e)g(read)g(b) -o(y)f(means)g(of)f(the)i(Request)h(Sense)f(command.)i(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)150 -1611 y(a)10 b(successful)j(Request)e(Sense)h(command)c(clears)k(the)f(error)h -(conditions,)e(so)h(only)f(the)h(Request)h(Sense)g(command)150 -1661 y(that)i(immedia)o(tely)d(follo)o(ws)i(an)g(error)i(can)f(obtain)f(the)i -(relev)n(an)o(t)f(sense)h(data.)150 1746 y(The)j(XRH)334 1742 -y(-)345 1746 y(1)g(implem)o(en)o(ts)e(three)i(mo)q(des)f(of)g(sense)i(rep)q -(orting:)25 b(Automatic)16 b(Short,)i(Automatic)e(Long,)h(and)150 -1796 y(Man)o(ual.)f(The)d(mo)q(de)e(is)h(selected)i(b)o(y)e(the)g(v)n(alue)g -(in)f(the)i Fu(.MXSTA)e FC(w)o(ord)h(of)f(the)i(MSCB)g(that)f(the)g(CPU)h -(pro)o(vides)150 1846 y(to)h(the)g(XRH)367 1842 y(-)379 1846 -y(1.)150 1931 y(Automatic)9 b(Short)i(mo)q(de)f(is)g(selected)j(b)o(y)d(an)h -(all{zero)f(v)n(alue)g(in)g(the)h Fu(.MXSTA)f FC(w)o(ord)g(of)g(an)h(MSCB.)f -(In)h(automatic)150 1981 y(short)h(mo)q(de,)e(if)g(no)h(error)h(o)q(ccurs,)h -(the)e Fu(.MXSTA)f FC(w)o(ord)h(will)f(b)q(e)h(returned)i(as)e(zero.)18 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)12 b(if)e(an)h(error)h(o)q(ccurs,)150 2031 -y(the)i(v)n(arious)g(\014elds)g(of)f(the)i Fu(.MXSTA)d FC(w)o(ord)i(will)e(b) -q(e)j(\014lled)e(as)h(follo)o(ws:)150 2099 y Fx(ErrC)163 b -FC(This)15 b(\014eld)f(is)h(set)h(from)d(the)i(Error)g(Co)q(de)h(b)o(yte)f -(of)f(the)h(data)g(returned)h(b)o(y)f(Request)g(Sense.)22 b(If)407 -2149 y(the)c(Error)g(Co)q(de)g(b)o(yte)f(con)o(tains)h(0xF0)f(or)g(0x70,)g -(this)g(\014eld)h(will)e(b)q(e)i(set)g(to)f(0,)h(signifying)d(a)407 -2198 y(curren)o(t)i(error.)22 b(If)15 b(the)h(Error)g(Co)q(de)g(\014eld)f -(con)o(tains)g(0xF1)g(or)g(0x71,)f(this)h(\014eld)g(will)f(b)q(e)i(set)g(to) -407 2248 y(1,)c(signifying)f(a)i(deferred)h(error.)19 b(An)o(y)12 -b(other)i(v)n(alues)e(of)g(Error)i(Co)q(de)f(cause)h(the)f(XRH)1804 -2244 y(-)1816 2248 y(1)f(to)h(set)407 2298 y(this)h(\014eld)g(to)f(2,)h -(unde\014ned.)150 2384 y Fx(Sense)150 2433 y(Co)n(de)407 2384 -y FC(This)g(\014eld)g(is)f(a)h(cop)o(y)g(of)f(the)i(Sense)g(Co)q(de)f(b)o -(yte)g(found)g(in)f(the)i(Request)f(Sense)i(data.)150 2529 -y Fx(Status)146 b FC(The)17 b(ending)f(status)i(of)e(the)h(SCSI)g -(transaction)g(engendered)h(b)o(y)f(this)f(command.)24 b(Status)17 -b(2,)407 2579 y(Chec)o(k)c(Condition,)e(usually)g(means)g(that)i(an)f(error)h -(has)f(o)q(ccurred)i(and)e(correctiv)o(e)i(action)e(ma)o(y)407 -2629 y(b)q(e)i(necessary)m(.)p eop -%%Page: 322 126 -322 125 bop 0 50 a FC(322)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y Fx(ASC)173 b -FC(This)14 b(is)f(a)h(cop)o(y)g(of)f(the)i(Additional)d(Sense)j(Co)q(de)f(b)o -(yte)h(from)d(the)i(Request)h(Sense)g(data.)0 281 y Fx(ASCQ)141 -b FC(This)16 b(is)h(a)f(cop)o(y)h(of)f(the)h(Additional)e(Sense)j(Co)q(de)f -(Quali\014er)g(b)o(yte)g(from)e(the)i(Request)h(Sense)257 330 -y(data.)0 434 y(Automatic)c(Long)g(mo)q(de)g(is)h(selected)i(when)f(the)g -(CPU)f(supplies)g(a)g(bus{address)i(w)o(ord)e(in)g(the)g Fu(.MXSTA)f -FC(w)o(ord)0 484 y(of)j(an)h(MSCB.)f(In)h(Automatic)e(Long)h(mo)q(de,)g(if)g -(no)h(error)g(o)q(ccurs,)i(the)e Fu(.MXSTA)e FC(w)o(ord)i(will)e(b)q(e)i -(returned)i(as)0 534 y(zero.)25 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)16 b(if)f(an)g(error)i(o) -q(ccurs,)g(the)f(v)n(arious)f(\014elds)i(of)e(the)h Fu(.MXSTA)f -FC(w)o(ord)g(will)g(b)q(e)h(\014lled)f(as)h(describ)q(ed)0 -583 y(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)i(for)g(Automatic)f(Short)i(mo)q(de;)h(further,)g(up)e -(to)h(256)e(b)o(ytes)j(of)d(Request)j(Sense)g(data)e(will)f(stored)i(in)0 -633 y(memory)c(at)j(the)g(address)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)e(the)h(original)e -(.MXST)m(A)h(w)o(ord.)29 b(Automatic)16 b(Long)h(mo)q(de)g(pro)o(vides)0 -683 y(more)c(comprehensiv)o(e)h(sense)i(monitoring)11 b(than)j(that)g(pro)o -(vided)f(b)o(y)h(Automatic)e(Short)j(mo)q(de.)0 769 y(Man)o(ual)h(mo)q(de)g -(is)g(selected)j(b)o(y)e(setting)g(bit)g(0)f(of)g(the)i Fu(.MXSTA)e -FC(w)o(ord)g(to)h(1.)27 b(In)17 b(man)o(ual)d(mo)q(de,)i(the)i(XRH)1768 -765 y(-)1779 769 y(1)0 818 y(do)q(es)c(not)e(p)q(erform)g(a)h(Request)g -(Sense)h(command.)h(If)e(the)g(command)d(ends)k(with)e(\\Go)q(o)q(d")g -(status,)h(the)h(XRH)1768 814 y(-)1779 818 y(1)0 868 y(will)d(set)j(the)g -Fu(.MXSTA)d FC(w)o(ord)i(to)g(zero.)18 b(Otherwise,)c(when)g(a)e(command)e -(returns)15 b(a)d(status)i(other)g(than)f(\\Go)q(o)q(d",)0 -918 y(that)h(status)i(will)c(b)q(e)j(rep)q(orted)h(in)e(the)h -Fx(Status)j FC(\014eld)c(of)g(the)h Fu(.MXSTA)e FC(w)o(ord;)h(the)h(rest)g -(of)f(the)h(w)o(ord)f(will)f(b)q(e)i(set)0 968 y(to)d(zero.)19 -b(After)13 b(an)f(error,)h(it)f(is)h(the)g(program's)e(resp)q(onsibilit)o(y)g -(to)i(issue)g(a)f(Request)i(Sense)f(command)d(to)i(elicit)0 -1018 y(the)i(sense)i(data.)0 1161 y Fz(3.12.2.5)48 b(Error)15 -b(Handling)0 1274 y FC(F)m(or)i(an)h(application)f(suc)o(h)h(as)g -Fw(TDBoot)g FC(whic)o(h)g(mak)o(es)f(a)g(single)h(request)h(and)f(w)o(aits)f -(for)h(it)f(to)h(complete,)0 1323 y(errors)f(create)h(no)d(sp)q(ecial)i -(di\016cult)o(y)e(in)g(sync)o(hronizing)h(the)h(program,)d(the)j(XRH)1353 -1319 y(-)1364 1323 y(1,)f(and)g(the)h(SCSI)f(device.)0 1373 -y(F)m(or)d(this)h(use,)h(the)f(XRH)405 1369 y(-)417 1373 y(1)f(is)h(not)g -(required)h(to)f(p)q(erform)f(an)o(y)g(sp)q(ecial)h(sync)o(hronization)g(op)q -(erations.)0 1459 y(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)22 b(for)f(the)g(Monitor,)g(whic)o(h)g -(ma)o(y)d(ha)o(v)o(e)j(m)o(ultiple)d(requests)23 b(queued)e(to)g(a)f(single)h -(target)g(device,)0 1509 y(resync)o(hronization)15 b(when)f(errors)h(o)q -(ccur)g(requires)g(a)f(sp)q(ecial)g(e\013ort)h(from)d(the)i(XRH)1371 -1505 y(-)1383 1509 y(1)f(and)h(the)h(Monitor.)0 1594 y(When)d(a)g(SCSI)g -(transfer)h(ends)g(with)f(Chec)o(k)h(Condition)e(status)i(\(or)f(an)o(y)f -(status)i(other)g(than)f(\\Go)q(o)q(d"\),)f(further)0 1644 -y(use)20 b(of)e(the)h(a\013ected)h(target)g(device)f(is)g(prev)o(en)o(ted)h -(b)o(y)f(the)g(XRH)1097 1640 y(-)1109 1644 y(1)f(un)o(til)g(the)h(program)f -(\014nishes)h(its)g(error)0 1694 y(reco)o(v)o(ery)e(and)e(logging)f -(function.)22 b(Up)q(on)16 b(detection)h(of)e(an)g(error)h(on)g(a)f(target)h -(device,)g(the)h(XRH)1612 1690 y(-)1623 1694 y(1)e(sets)i(the)0 -1744 y(a\013ected)12 b(unit)e(to)g(the)g(T)m(arget{is{Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)g -(state.)18 b(While)9 b(the)i(XRH)1086 1740 y(-)1098 1744 y(1)f(has)g(a)g -(unit)g(mark)o(ed)f(T)m(arget{is{Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed,)0 1793 y(MSCBs)j(that)f -(attempt)g(to)g(reference)j(that)d(device)h(are)g(returned)h(to)e(the)h -(program)e(with)h(\\T)m(arget{is{Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed")0 1843 y(status)h(\(CBS)g -(is)g(returned)h(with)e(the)h(v)n(alue)f(5,)g Fu(MX.TIB)p FC(\).)f(T)m -(arget{is{Blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)h(state)h(will)e(p)q(ersist)j(on)e(the)h(device)0 -1893 y(un)o(til)h(the)i(program)d(sends)j(a)f(\\Clear)f(T)m(arget{is{Blo)q(c) -o(k)o(ed")g(command)e(\(see)16 b(page)e(313\).)0 1979 y(This)19 -b(e\013ects)i(\\pip)q(eline)d(clear")i(and)e(resync)o(hronization)i(that)f -(allo)o(ws)f(the)h(op)q(erating)g(system)g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(to)0 -2028 y(p)q(erform)11 b(error)i(reco)o(v)o(ery)h(and)d(error)i(logging)e -(appropriate)h(to)g(the)h(sp)q(eci\014c)g(MSCB)g(asso)q(ciated)g(with)e(the)i -(error)0 2078 y(and)e(to)g(\014nish)h(the)f(error{reco)o(v)o(ery)i(pro)q -(cess)h(for)c(that)i(MSCB)g(b)q(efore)g(deciding)f(ho)o(w)g(\(or)g(whether\)) -i(to)e(con)o(tin)o(ue)0 2128 y(pro)q(cessing)k(other)g(MSCBs)f(that)g(w)o -(ere)h(p)q(ending)f(for)g(the)g(a\013ected)h(device.)0 2214 -y(If)c(T)m(arget)f(Blo)q(c)o(king)h(mo)q(de)f(is)h(enabled,)g(a)g(target)g -(will)f(b)q(e)h(blo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)g(if)g(a)f(system)h(error)h(o)q(ccurs)h -(during)d(a)h(transfer)0 2263 y(in)o(v)o(olving)d(the)j(target.)17 -b(It)10 b(is)g(the)h(resp)q(onsibilit)o(y)f(of)f(the)i(op)q(erating)f(system) -g(to)g(clear)h(an)o(y)e(SCSI)i(c)o(hec)o(k)g(condition)0 2313 -y(that)j(migh)o(t)e(b)q(e)i(asso)q(ciated)h(with)e(the)i(system)f(error.)0 -2399 y(T)m(o)e(accomo)q(date)f(the)i(simple,)e(sync)o(hronous)i(access)i(mo)q -(de)c(of)h Fw(TDBoot)g FC(and)h(similar)d(programs,)h(the)i(XRH)1768 -2395 y(-)1779 2399 y(1)0 2449 y(will)j(not)h(do)g(target)h(blo)q(c)o(king)e -(un)o(til)g(it)h(receiv)o(es)i(an)e(Enable)g(T)m(arget)g(Blo)q(c)o(king)g(Mo) -q(de)g(command)e(from)g(the)0 2498 y(CPU.)f(T)m(arget)f(blo)q(c)o(king)g(mo)q -(de)f(is)i(disabled)f(initially)e(and)j(follo)o(wing)d(an)o(y)i(assignmen)o -(t)g(of)g(a)g(comm)o(unications)0 2548 y(region.)p eop -%%Page: 323 127 -323 126 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.12.)31 b(XRH)363 46 y(-)374 50 y(1)14 -b(MASS{STORA)o(GE)f(INTERF)-5 b(A)o(CE)15 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)606 -b FC(323)150 195 y Fz(3.12.2.6)48 b(Long)15 b(T)l(ransfers)150 -307 y FC(A)f(1)g(in)g(the)h(most)e(signi\014can)o(t)h(bit)g(in)f(the)i(F)m -(ormat)d(\014eld)j(\()p Fu(.MXFCL)p FC(\))e(signi\014es)h(a)g(long)f -(transfer;)i(i.e.,)e(a)h(transfer)150 357 y(that)h(is)f(comp)q(osed)g(of)g -(one)h(SCSI)g(command)c(and)k(more)e(than)i(one)g(con)o(tiguous)f(region)g -(of)g(ph)o(ysical)g(memory)m(.)150 407 y(The)k(memory)c(regions)j(of)g(a)g -(long)f(transfer)i(are)g(describ)q(ed)g(b)o(y)f(a)g(command)d(list.)28 -b(The)17 b(command)e(list)h(is)h(a)150 457 y(collection)12 -b(of)f(command)f(en)o(tries;)j(eac)o(h)g(command)c(en)o(try)k(is)f(a)g(pair)g -(of)g(w)o(ords.)17 b(The)c(\014rst)g(command)d(list)h(en)o(try)150 -507 y(is)16 b(at)f(the)i(address)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(in)f(w)o(ord)f -Fu(.MXDBA)g FC(of)g(the)h(MSCB;)g(this)g(address)h(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)h(aligned) -f(at)h(the)g(\014rst)150 557 y(w)o(ord)i(of)g(a)g(memory)e(line.)31 -b(The)18 b(XRH)805 553 y(-)817 557 y(1)g(will)f(in)o(terpret)i(eac)o(h)g -(command)d(list)i(en)o(try)g(either)i(as)e(a)g(transfer)150 -606 y(command,)11 b(a)i(jump)f(command,)f(or)j(a)g(halt)f(command:)150 -674 y(T)m(ransfer)150 724 y(Command)387 674 y(The)h(\014rst)g(w)o(ord)g(con)o -(tains)g(0)f(in)g(bit)h(0)f(and)h(a)f(non{zero)h(b)o(yte)g(coun)o(t)g(in)g -(bits)f(20{35;)g(the)h(second)387 724 y(w)o(ord)g(is)h(the)g(bus{address)i(w) -o(ord)d(describing)i(the)f(start)g(of)g(the)g(data)f(bu\013er)i(for)f(the)g -(indicated)387 774 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)c(of)g(b)o(ytes;)i(the)g(data)f -(bu\013er)h(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)h(con)o(tained)g(en)o(tirely)g(in)g(the)h(one)f -(ph)o(ysical)f(mo)q(dule)387 823 y(iden)o(ti\014ed)i(b)o(y)h(the)g(slot)f(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)g(\014eld)g(of)g(the)h(BA)-5 b(W.)14 b(After)g(p)q(erforming)e -(the)i(indicated)g(part)g(of)387 873 y(the)h(transfer,)g(the)h(XRH)793 -869 y(-)804 873 y(1)f(will)e(fetc)o(h)i(another)g(command)d(list)i(en)o(try)i -(\(a)e(pair)h(of)f(w)o(ords\))h(from)387 923 y(the)i(next)h(consecutiv)o(e)g -(memory)d(lo)q(cations.)26 b(The)18 b(b)o(yte)f(coun)o(t)g(and)g(transfer)h -(alignmen)o(t)d(\(see)387 973 y(Unaligned)d(T)m(ransfers,)i(b)q(elo)o(w\))f -(m)o(ust)f(sp)q(ecify)i(the)g(transfer)g(of)f(few)o(er)h(than)f(256)g(memory) -e(lines.)387 1023 y(Moreo)o(v)o(er,)j(a)g(single)g(transfer)h(m)o(ust)f(not)g -(cross)h(the)g(b)q(oundary)f(from)f(ph)o(ysical)h(address)h(...3777)387 -1073 y(to)e(...4000.)j(Longer)e(transfers)h(\(and)e(those)i(that)e(cross)i -(the)g(address)g(b)q(oundary\))e(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(split)387 -1122 y(in)o(to)f(m)o(ultiple)e(T)m(ransfer)k(Comm)o(ands.)p -387 1380 1495 2 v 386 1379 2 167 v 387 1214 1495 2 v 1880 1379 -2 167 v 510 1391 2 13 v 635 1391 V 759 1391 V 884 1391 V 1008 -1391 V 1133 1399 2 21 v 1258 1391 2 13 v 1382 1391 V 1507 1391 -V 1631 1391 V 1756 1391 V 387 1297 1495 2 v 399 1409 a Fn(0)p -427 1296 2 84 v -17 w(0)p 386 1296 V 397 1268 a FC(0)1180 1409 -y Fn(19)p 1216 1296 V -773 w(1)p 427 1296 V 743 1269 a Fx(R)n(eserve)n(d)1844 -1409 y Fn(35)p 1880 1296 V -657 w(20)p 1216 1296 V 1445 1264 -a Fx(Byte)g(Count)1844 1409 y Fn(35)p 1880 1379 V -1479 w(0)p -386 1379 V 734 1348 a Fx(Data)h(Bu\013er)f(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(\(a)g(Bus{A)n(ddr) -n(ess)g(Wor)n(d\))150 1547 y FC(Jump)150 1597 y(Command)387 -1547 y(The)h(\014rst)g(w)o(ord)f(con)o(tains)h(1)f(in)g(bit)g(0;)h(the)g -(second)g(w)o(ord)g(is)f(a)g(bus{address)i(w)o(ord)f(sp)q(eci\014ying)387 -1597 y(the)d(address)i(from)d(whic)o(h)h(the)h(XRH)987 1593 -y(-)998 1597 y(1)f(will)f(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(to)g(fetc)o(h)h(the)g(next)g -(command)c(list)j(en)o(try)m(.)387 1647 y(The)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(address)h(m) -o(ust)c(b)q(e)j(aligned)e(to)h(the)g(\014rst)h(w)o(ord)f(of)f(a)g(memory)f -(line.)387 1725 y(A)18 b(jump)f(command)f(is)i(p)q(ermitted)h(only)f(in)g(w)o -(ords)h(6)f(and)g(7)h(of)f(a)g(memory)e(line)i(con)o(taining)387 -1774 y(command)11 b(list)i(en)o(tries.)387 1842 y(No)g(data)h(is)g -(transferred)h(b)o(y)f(this)g(command.)p 387 2081 1495 2 v -386 2080 2 167 v 387 1915 1495 2 v 1880 2080 2 167 v 510 2092 -2 13 v 635 2092 V 759 2092 V 884 2092 V 1008 2092 V 1133 2101 -2 21 v 1258 2092 2 13 v 1382 2092 V 1507 2092 V 1631 2092 V -1756 2092 V 387 1998 1495 2 v 399 2110 a Fn(0)p 427 1997 2 -84 v -17 w(0)p 386 1997 V 397 1969 a FC(1)1844 2110 y Fn(35)p -1880 1997 V -1437 w(1)p 427 1997 V 1076 1970 a Fx(R)n(eserve)n(d)1844 -2110 y Fn(35)p 1880 2080 V -1479 w(0)p 386 2080 V 704 2049 -a Fx(Command)i(List)e(Continuation)i(A)n(ddr)n(ess)e(\(a)h(BA)l(W\))150 -2248 y FC(Halt)150 2298 y(Command)387 2248 y(The)h(\014rst)h(w)o(ord)f(con)o -(tains)h(0)f(in)f(bit)h(0)g(and)g(zeros)i(in)e(bits)g(20{35.)24 -b(Command)13 b(list)j(pro)q(cessing)387 2298 y(terminates.)p -eop -%%Page: 324 128 -324 127 bop 0 50 a FC(324)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)p 237 362 1495 2 v 236 -361 2 167 v 237 196 1495 2 v 1730 361 2 167 v 360 374 2 13 -v 485 374 V 609 374 V 734 374 V 858 374 V 983 382 2 21 v 1108 -374 2 13 v 1232 374 V 1357 374 V 1481 374 V 1606 374 V 237 -279 1495 2 v 249 391 a Fn(0)p 277 278 2 84 v -17 w(0)p 236 -278 V 247 250 a FC(0)1030 391 y Fn(19)p 1066 278 V -773 w(1)p -277 278 V 593 251 a Fx(R)n(eserve)n(d)1694 391 y Fn(35)p 1730 -278 V -657 w(20)p 1066 278 V 1389 250 a FC(0)1694 391 y Fn(35)p -1730 361 V -1479 w(0)p 236 361 V 905 334 a Fx(R)n(eserve)n(d)0 -548 y FC(The)f(sum)e(of)h(the)g(b)o(yte)h(coun)o(ts)g(in)f(the)h(transfer)g -(commands)d(m)o(ust)h(exactly)h(matc)o(h)f(the)i(b)o(yte)g(coun)o(t)f -(\014eld)g(giv)o(en)0 597 y(in)h(the)i(MSCB.)0 683 y(If)g(the)g(transfer)h -(is)f(not)g(aligned)g(\(to)g(an)g(address)h(and)f(length)g(in)g(w)o(ords)g -(that)g(are)h(b)q(oth)f(m)o(ultiples)e(of)i(8\),)f(the)0 733 -y(information)d(that)j(follo)o(ws)e(in)i(\\Unaligned)f(T)m(ransfers",)g(b)q -(elo)o(w,)h(applies)f(also.)0 876 y Fz(3.12.2.7)48 b(Unaligned)13 -b(T)l(ransfers)0 989 y FC(The)h(XRH)180 985 y(-)192 989 y(1)g(Mass{Storage)g -(In)o(terface)h(Pro)q(cessor)h(will)d(handle)g(transfers)j(that)e(are)g(not)g -(aligned,)f(sub)r(ject)i(to)0 1039 y(the)f(follo)o(wing)c(restrictions)15 -b(and)e(limitatio)o(ns.)i(Regardless)f(of)f(ho)o(w)f(a)h(transfer)h(is)f -(describ)q(ed,)i(the)f(XRH)1690 1035 y(-)1702 1039 y(1)e(will)0 -1088 y(p)q(erform)h(data)g(transfers)i(only)d(b)o(y)i(mo)o(ving)d(\(reading)i -(or)h(writing\))e(en)o(tire)j(memory)c(lines)i(\(whic)o(h)h(are)g(8)f(w)o -(ords)0 1138 y(long)g(and)h(aligned)f(to)g(addresses)j(that)e(are)h(m)o -(ultiples)d(of)h(8\).)0 1224 y(On)18 b(device)g(write)g(\(memory)d(read\))j -(op)q(erations,)g(the)g(XRH)992 1220 y(-)1004 1224 y(1)f(will)f(read)i(w)o -(ords)f(unrelated)i(to)e(the)h(transfer)0 1274 y(b)q(efore)11 -b(and/or)f(after)h(the)f(actual)g(region)g(b)q(eing)h(transferred.)18 -b(F)m(or)10 b(disk)g(writes)h(in)f(whic)o(h)g(the)h(data)f(transfer)i -(\014lls)0 1323 y(an)i(in)o(tegral)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)h(sectors)i(and)e -(for)f(writes)i(to)f(tap)q(e)h(\(where)g(the)g(output)f(record)h(length)f(is) -g(determined)0 1373 y(b)o(y)j(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)f(w)o(ords)i -(transferred\),)i(no)d(problem)f(arises)i(from)d(reading)j(and)f(discarding)g -(a)g(few)g(extra)0 1423 y(w)o(ords)d(at)g(either)h(end)f(of)f(the)i(sp)q -(eci\014ed)g(data)f(bu\013er.)0 1509 y(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)19 -b(when)g(writing)f(a)g(partial)f(record)i(to)g(disk,)f(the)h(transfer)h(m)o -(ust)d(b)q(e)i(padded)f(\(usually)g(with)g(zero)0 1558 y(w)o(ords\))e(to)g -(\014ll)f(a)h(whole)f(record.)26 b(T)m(o)15 b(accomplish)f(this)i(padding,)g -(generally)f(t)o(w)o(o)h(bu\013ers)h(are)f(required:)23 b(the)0 -1608 y(\014rst,)16 b(called)g(an)f(\\edge)h(bu\013er")g(is)g(a)f(single)g -(memory)f(line,)h(the)h(second)h(is)e(an)g(aligned)g(bu\013er,)i(the)f(size)g -(of)f(a)0 1658 y(disk)g(sector,)i(con)o(taining)d(zeros.)23 -b(If)15 b(the)h(last)f(w)o(ord)h(of)e(the)i(data)f(p)q(ortion)g(of)g(the)h -(transfer)g(is)f(not)g(at)h(the)f(end)0 1708 y(of)f(a)h(memory)d(line,)j -(then)g(the)h(partial)d(last)i(line)g(of)f(the)h(transfer)h(is)f(copied)g(to) -g(the)g(edge)h(bu\013er)g(and)f(padded)0 1758 y(with)f(zeros.)22 -b(Then)15 b(a)f(long)g(transfer)i(command)c(list)i(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)j(created) -g(that)f(sp)q(eci\014es)h(the)f(orginal)f(source)i(of)0 1807 -y(the)i(data,)f(the)h(edge)g(bu\013er)g(con)o(taining)e(the)i(last)f(line)f -(of)h(data)g(with)g(padding,)g(and)g(the)g(zero)h(bu\013er.)29 -b(F)m(or)0 1857 y(example,)11 b(assuming)g(200{w)o(ord)g(\(decimal)g(128\))h -(disk)g(sectors)i(and)e(a)g(transfer)i(in)e(36{bit)f(format)g(\(9)h(b)o(ytes) -h(p)q(er)0 1907 y(double)j(w)o(ord\),)g(a)g(transfer)h(of)e(101{w)o(ords)h -(\(65)f(decimal\))g(starting)h(at)g(bus)g(address)i(024000123455)13 -b(\(ending)0 1957 y(at)h(bus)g(address)h(024000123555\))c(can)j(b)q(e)h -(accomplished)e(b)o(y)g(the)i(follo)o(wing)c(steps:)62 2076 -y FA(\017)21 b FC(Cop)o(y)g(w)o(ords)i(from)d(addresses)25 -b(024000123550{)o(02400)o(0123)o(555)19 b(to)j(the)h(edge)f(bu\013er)i(\(at)e -(addresses)104 2126 y(024072001000{0)o(2407)o(2001)o(005\).)14 -b(Zero)f(the)g(w)o(ords)f(at)h(addresses)h(024072001006{0)o(2407)o(20010)o -(07)9 b(\(zero)104 2175 y(pad)k(to)h(the)h(end)f(of)f(the)i(edge)f -(bu\013er\).)62 2258 y FA(\017)21 b FC(Assuming)14 b(the)i(bu\013er)g(of)f -(zeros)i(is)e(200)g(w)o(ords)g(long,)g(at)g(address)i(024072002000)12 -b(construct)17 b(the)f(com-)104 2308 y(mand)c(list)i(sho)o(wn)f(b)q(elo)o(w:) -p eop -%%Page: 325 129 -325 128 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.12.)31 b(XRH)363 46 y(-)374 50 y(1)14 -b(MASS{STORA)o(GE)f(INTERF)-5 b(A)o(CE)15 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)606 -b FC(325)254 245 y Fu(Byte\(1\)0\(19\)0\(16)o(\)411)106 b(;73)21 -b(words)g(\(123455-123557\))d(*)k(9)f(bytes/2)g(wd,)g(round)g(down)254 -295 y(024000123455)281 b(;from)20 b(the)i(specified)d(data)i(area)254 -345 y(Byte\(1\)0\(19\)0\(16)o(\)44)128 b(;6)21 b(data)g(+)h(2)f(pad)g(words)g -(*)h(9)f(bytes/2)g(words)254 394 y(024072001000)281 b(;address)20 -b(of)h(the)g(edge)g(buffer)254 444 y(Byte\(1\)0\(19\)0\(16)o(\)423)106 -b(;75)21 b(words)g(*)g(9)h(bytes/2)e(words,)h(rounded)f(up)254 -494 y(024072002000)281 b(;from)20 b(the)i(zero)f(buffer)254 -544 y(0)523 b(;halt)20 b(command)254 594 y(0)523 b(;total)20 -b(byte)h(count)g(411+44+423)f(=)h(1100)g(=)h(9/2)f(*)h(200)150 -787 y FC(On)d(device)g(read)f(\(memory)e(write\))j(op)q(erations,)g(other)g -(delicate)f(maneuv)o(ering)f(is)h(needed)i(to)e(prev)o(en)o(t)h(the)150 -837 y(destruction)12 b(of)e(imp)q(ortan)o(t)f(information.)14 -b(The)e(XRH)1019 833 y(-)1030 837 y(1)f(will)e(obliterate)i(an)o(y)f(data)h -(in)f(the)h(\014rst)h(memory)c(line)j(of)150 887 y(the)f(transfer)g(prior)f -(to)g(the)h(transfer)g(starting)g(address)g(and)f(an)o(y)g(data)g(remaining)e -(in)i(the)h(memory)d(line)i(follo)o(wing)150 937 y(the)h(last)g(w)o(ord)g -(transferred.)18 b(F)m(or)9 b(example,)g(a)h(128-w)o(ord)e(transfer)j -(starting)f(at)f(bus)i(address)g(024000123455)6 b(will)150 -986 y(a\013ect)11 b(the)f(w)o(ords)h(at)e(addresses)j(024000123450{024)o -(0001)o(2345)o(4)7 b(and)j(the)g(w)o(ords)g(at)g(addresses)i(024000123655{) -150 1036 y(024000123657.)150 1122 y(Op)q(erating)i(system)g(soft)o(w)o(are)f -(is)h(resp)q(onsible)h(for)e(preserving)i(the)f(w)o(ords)g(that)g(the)g(XRH) -1612 1118 y(-)1624 1122 y(1)f(w)o(ould)g(otherwise)150 1172 -y(destro)o(y)m(.)29 b(Among)15 b(the)j(strategies)h(for)e(doing)f(this)h(is)h -(to)f(treat)h(an)f(unaligned)f(transfer)j(as)e(a)g(long)f(transfer.)150 -1221 y(The)d(\014rst)g(partial)e(memory)f(line)h(is)i(read)f(in)o(to)g(an)g -(aligned)f(in{system)h(memory)d(line)j(bu\013er.)19 b(The)12 -b(largest)h(part)150 1271 y(of)j(the)h(transfer)g(is)f(aligned)g(and)g(go)q -(es)h(directly)f(to)h(the)g(in)o(tended)g(addresses.)27 b(The)17 -b(last)f(partial)g(line)g(of)f(the)150 1321 y(transfer)g(is)g(read)g(in)o(to) -f(a)g(second,)h(aligned,)f(in{system)g(line)g(bu\013er.)21 -b(A)o(t)14 b(the)h(conclusion)g(of)f(the)h(transfer,)g(the)150 -1371 y(system)h(m)o(ust)f(cop)o(y)h(the)h(data)f(from)e(the)j(in{system)e -(line)h(bu\013ers)i(to)e(the)g(in)o(tended)h(addresses.)27 -b(The)17 b(w)o(ords)150 1421 y(in)h(the)g(in{system)g(line)f(bu\013ers)j -(that)e(w)o(ere)h(not)f(transferred)i(are)e(obliterated,)h(but)f(they)h(did)e -(not)h(con)o(tain)150 1470 y(information)11 b(that)j(had)f(to)h(b)q(e)g -(retained.)19 b(F)m(or)13 b(example,)f(con)o(v)o(ersion)i(of)g(the)g(example) -e(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)i(w)o(ould)f(result)h(in)150 1520 y(the)g(follo)o(wing)e -(command)f(list)i(\(assuming)g(36{bit)g(format\):)150 1645 -y Fu(Byte\(1\)0\(19\)0\(16\))o(15)128 b(;3)21 b(words)g(*)h(9/2)f(bytes)f -(words,)h(rounded)f(down)150 1695 y(024072001005)281 b(;in--system)19 -b(buffer,)i(aligned)f(for)h(first)g(part)g(of)g(transfer)150 -1744 y(Byte\(1\)0\(19\)0\(16\))o(1034)84 b(;120)21 b(words)g(*)g(9/2)g(bytes) -g(words)150 1794 y(024000123460)281 b(;intended)20 b(buffer,)g(Alignment)g -(Zero)150 1844 y(Byte\(1\)0\(19\)0\(16\))o(27)128 b(;5)21 b(words)g(*)h(9/2)f -(bytes,)f(rounded)h(up)150 1894 y(024072001110)281 b(;second)20 -b(in--system)g(buffer.)42 b(Alignment)20 b(Zero)150 1944 y(0)523 -b(;halt)21 b(command)150 1993 y(0)150 2154 y FC(This)15 b(example)f(sho)o(ws) -i(36-bit)e(mo)q(de,)g(in)h(whic)o(h)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(w)o(ords)h(are)f -(transferred)i(as)f(9)f(b)o(ytes.)23 b(In)15 b(the)h(command)150 -2204 y(list,)10 b(eac)o(h)h(transfer)h(command)c(m)o(ust)h(ha)o(v)o(e)h(a)h -(b)o(yte)g(coun)o(t)f(from)f(whic)o(h)i(the)g(XRH)1451 2200 -y(-)1462 2204 y(1)g(will)e(determine)h(the)h(precise)150 2253 -y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)16 b(of)g(8{w)o(ord)g(lines)h(to)g(transfer;)h(in)f(a)f -(transfer)i(with)e(a)h(non{zero)g(alignmen)o(t,)e(the)i(program)e(should)150 -2303 y(truncate)h(an)o(y)d(fractional)h(b)o(yte)g(coun)o(t)h(to)f(the)h -(next{lo)o(w)o(est)g(in)o(teger.)20 b(The)14 b(sum)g(of)f(the)i(transfer)h(b) -o(yte)e(coun)o(ts)150 2353 y(m)o(ust)f(exactly)h(matc)o(h)f(the)h(MSCB)g -(Byte)h(Coun)o(t)f(\014eld.)150 2439 y(When)h(a)f(disk)g(read)h(op)q(eration) -f(sp)q(eci\014es)i(a)e(transfer)i(that)e(is)g(not)h(an)f(in)o(tegral)f(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)g(sectors,)i(follo)o(wing)150 2488 y(the)g(transfer)f(of)g -(the)g(last)g(memory)d(line)j(in)o(to)f(the)h(edge)h(bu\013er,)g(the)f -(remainder)g(of)f(the)h(disk)g(sector)h(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)150 -2538 y(transferred)i(to)d(the)i(\\bit)e(buc)o(k)o(et",)h(a)g(bu\013er)h -(capable)e(of)h(holding)e(a)i(sector.)150 2624 y(The)j(XRH)333 -2620 y(-)344 2624 y(1)f(determines)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)f(memory)f -(lines)j(in)e(a)h(transfer)i(from)c(three)k(quan)o(tities:)23 -b(the)17 b(b)o(yte)p eop -%%Page: 326 130 -326 129 bop 0 50 a FC(326)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)308 230 y Fy(T)-5 b(able)18 -b(3.6:)24 b(Byte)18 b(Coun)n(t)h(Adjustmen)n(t)f(and)i(Divisors)p -510 281 781 2 v 509 349 2 69 v 535 326 a FC(Alignmen)o(t)p -748 349 V 748 349 V 145 w(T)m(ransfer)14 b(F)m(ormat)p 1289 -349 V 749 351 542 2 v 509 418 2 69 v 748 418 V 774 394 a Fu(.MXF32)p -928 418 V 48 w(.MXF36)p 1109 418 V 49 w(.MXF40)p 1289 418 V -510 420 781 2 v 509 488 2 69 v 619 464 a FC(0)p 748 488 V 189 -w(0)p 928 488 V 159 w(0)p 1109 488 V 160 w(0)p 1289 488 V 510 -490 781 2 v 509 559 2 69 v 619 535 a(1)p 748 559 V 189 w(4)p -928 559 V 159 w(5)p 1109 559 V 160 w(5)p 1289 559 V 510 560 -781 2 v 509 629 2 69 v 619 605 a(2)p 748 629 V 189 w(8)p 928 -629 V 159 w(9)p 1109 629 V 149 w(10)p 1289 629 V 510 630 781 -2 v 509 699 2 69 v 619 675 a(3)p 748 699 V 178 w(12)p 928 699 -V 139 w(14)p 1109 699 V 138 w(15)p 1289 699 V 510 701 781 2 -v 509 769 2 69 v 619 745 a(4)p 748 769 V 178 w(16)p 928 769 -V 139 w(18)p 1109 769 V 138 w(20)p 1289 769 V 510 771 781 2 -v 509 839 2 69 v 619 816 a(5)p 748 839 V 178 w(20)p 928 839 -V 139 w(23)p 1109 839 V 138 w(25)p 1289 839 V 510 841 781 2 -v 509 910 2 69 v 619 886 a(6)p 748 910 V 178 w(24)p 928 910 -V 139 w(27)p 1109 910 V 138 w(30)p 1289 910 V 510 911 781 2 -v 509 980 2 69 v 619 956 a(7)p 748 980 V 178 w(28)p 928 980 -V 139 w(32)p 1109 980 V 138 w(35)p 1289 980 V 510 982 781 2 -v 509 1050 2 69 v 564 1026 a(Divisor)p 748 1050 V 123 w(32)p -928 1050 V 139 w(36)p 1109 1050 V 138 w(40)p 1289 1050 V 510 -1052 781 2 v 0 1176 a(coun)o(t,)f(the)h(alignmen)o(t)d(of)h(the)i(transfer)g -(address,)g(and)f(the)h(format.)i(In)d(a)g(long)f(transfer,)i(the)f(b)o(yte)h -(coun)o(t)f(and)0 1226 y(transfer)h(address)g(are)g(as)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(in) -f(a)f(transfer)i(command;)c(otherwise)k(they)g(are)f(the)h(b)o(yte)f(coun)o -(t)g(and)g(data)0 1276 y(bu\013er)f(address)h(as)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(in)e(the) -h(MSCB.)f(The)h(alignmen)o(t)d(is)i(a)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(in)h(the)h(range)g -(0{7)f(tak)o(en)g(from)f(bits)0 1326 y(33{35)j(of)g(the)i(transfer)f(\(or)g -(data)g(bu\013er\))h(address.)20 b(The)14 b(XRH)1032 1322 y(-)1044 -1326 y(1)f(determines)i(the)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(memory)d(lines)0 -1376 y(in)h(a)h(transfer)g(b)o(y)g(adding)f(to)g(the)h(giv)o(en)g(b)o(yte)g -(coun)o(t)f(the)i(adjustmen)o(t)e(from)e(T)m(able)i(3.6)g(and)h(dividing)e -(the)i(sum)0 1425 y(b)o(y)i(the)h(format{sp)q(eci\014c)e(divisor,)h(as)g(sho) -o(wn)g(in)g(the)h(table.)22 b(\(The)16 b(divisor,)e(whic)o(h)h(dep)q(ends)i -(on)e(the)h(selected)0 1475 y(format,)10 b(is)h(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g -(8{bit)g(b)o(ytes)i(on)e(the)h(medium)d(p)q(er)k(8{w)o(ord)e(memory)f -(line.\))17 b(If)11 b(the)h(division)f(results)0 1525 y(in)i(a)h(remainder,)f -(the)h(quotien)o(t)g(\(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g(memory)f(lines\))h(is)h -(increased)h(b)o(y)f(one.)0 1611 y(In)f(an)f(unaligned)g(transfer,)i(the)f -(\014rst)g(transfer)h(command)c(ma)o(y)h(sp)q(ecify)i(an)g(unaligned)f -(address)i(and)e(the)i(b)o(yte)0 1660 y(coun)o(t)j(need)h(not)f(sp)q(ecify)g -(an)f(in)o(tegral)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(cac)o(he)i(lines.)26 -b(If)17 b(the)g(\014rst)h(transfer)f(command)d(do)q(es)k(not)0 -1710 y(sp)q(ecify)13 b(the)g(en)o(tire)g(unaligned)f(transfer,)h(then)g(the)g -(last)g(transfer)g(command)d(is)i(exp)q(ected)j(to)d(ha)o(v)o(e)g(an)h -(address)0 1760 y(that)i(is)f(aligned;)g(but,)h(again,)e(the)i(b)o(yte)g -(coun)o(t)g(need)h(not)f(sp)q(ecify)g(an)f(in)o(tegral)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(of)g(cac)o(he)i(lines.)21 b(The)0 1810 y(transfer)16 b(commands)c(that)j -(come)e(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)j(the)g(\014rst)f(and)g(last)f(commands)e(m)o(ust)i -(sp)q(ecify)h(aligned)f(addresses)0 1860 y(and)g(en)o(tire)g(cac)o(he)h -(lines.)0 2012 y Fy(3.12.3)55 b(Op)r(eration)18 b(of)h(the)f(XRH)757 -2008 y(-)773 2012 y(1)g(as)h(a)g(SCSI)g(T)-5 b(arget)0 2124 -y FC([This)14 b(section)h(is)f(incomplete,)g(as)g(is)h(the)g(implem)o(en)o -(tation)d(of)i(target)g(micro)q(co)q(de)h(in)f(the)h(XRH)1560 -2120 y(-)1571 2124 y(1.)20 b(There)c(are)0 2174 y(not)e(presen)o(tly)h(an)o -(y)e(plans)h(to)f(adv)n(ance)h(this)g(implemen)o(tation.)o(])0 -2259 y(T)m(o)k(this)h(p)q(oin)o(t)f(the)i(op)q(eration)e(of)h(the)g(XRH)756 -2255 y(-)768 2259 y(1)f(as)h(a)g(SCSI)f(initiator)g(has)h(b)q(een)h(describ)q -(ed.)35 b(This)18 b(section)0 2309 y(describ)q(es)e(the)e(op)q(eration)g(of)g -(the)g(XRH)648 2305 y(-)660 2309 y(1)f(as)h(a)g(SCSI)g(target.)0 -2395 y(When)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(or)g(more)f(TO)o(AD)481 2391 y(-)493 -2395 y(1)h(System)f(systems)h(are)h(arranged)f(as)g(a)g(\\lo)q(osely)f -(coupled")h(m)o(ultipro)q(cessor)g(\(a)0 2444 y(\\cluster"\),)g(their)f(XRH) -396 2440 y(-)408 2444 y(1s)g(are)g(connected)i(to)e(the)h(same,)e(shared)i -(SCSI)f(bus.)18 b(In)13 b(this)g(situation,)f(one)i(XRH)1768 -2440 y(-)1779 2444 y(1)0 2494 y(ma)o(y)e(act)i(as)g(a)g(SCSI)g(target)g(with) -g(resp)q(ect)i(to)d(another)i(acting)e(as)h(a)g(SCSI)g(initiator.)p -eop -%%Page: 327 131 -327 130 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.12.)31 b(XRH)363 46 y(-)374 50 y(1)14 -b(MASS{STORA)o(GE)f(INTERF)-5 b(A)o(CE)15 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)606 -b FC(327)150 195 y Fz(3.12.3.1)48 b(Commands)15 b(recognized)f(as)i(a)g(T)l -(arget)150 307 y FC(When)i(op)q(erating)f(as)h(a)f(target,)h(the)h(XRH)866 -303 y(-)877 307 y(1)f(recognizes)h(and)e(supp)q(orts)i(only)d(the)j -(mandatory)c(commands)150 357 y(required)g(b)o(y)e(the)i(SCSI)f(sp)q -(eci\014cation.)19 b(These)c(commands)c(are)212 476 y FA(\017)21 -b FC(Inquiry)212 542 y FA(\017)g FC(Request)15 b(Sense)212 -609 y FA(\017)21 b FC(Send)212 675 y FA(\017)g FC(Send)14 b(Diagnostic)212 -742 y FA(\017)21 b FC(T)m(est)14 b(Unit)g(Ready)150 885 y Fz(3.12.3.2)48 -b(Resp)q(onse)14 b(to)i(Request)e(Sense)h(Command)150 998 y -FC(\(T)m(o)e(b)q(e)i(written.\))150 1141 y Fz(3.12.3.3)48 b(Resp)q(onse)14 -b(to)i(Inquiry)e(Command)150 1254 y FC(The)j(XRH)333 1250 y(-)345 -1254 y(1)g(will)e(resp)q(ond)j(to)f(the)g(SCSI)g(Inquiry)g(command)d(b)o(y)j -(supplying)f(0x03)g(in)g(b)o(yte)i(0)e(\(pro)q(cessor\),)150 -1304 y(0x1F)g(in)f(b)o(yte)i(4)f(\(additional)e(length\),)i(the)h(eigh)o -(t{bit)e(ASCI)q(I)i(text)g(\\)p Fu(XKL)p FC(")d(left)i(justi\014ed)h(and)f -(padded)g(with)150 1353 y(blanks)d(in)g(b)o(ytes)h(8{15)f(\(v)o(endor)h(iden) -o(ti\014cation\),)f(the)h(text)g(\\)p Fu(XRH-1)p FC(")e(left)h(justi\014ed)h -(and)f(padded)h(with)f(blanks)150 1403 y(in)18 b(b)o(ytes)h(16{31)e(\(pro)q -(duct)j(iden)o(ti\014cation\))d(and)i(a)f(pro)q(duct)h(revision)f(lev)o(el)g -(text)h(string,)g(represen)o(ting)h(the)150 1453 y(v)o(ersion)14 -b(of)f(target)i(micro)q(co)q(de,)e(in)g(b)o(ytes)i(32{35.)150 -1539 y(This)9 b(resp)q(onse)j(can)e(b)q(e)g(mo)q(di\014ed)e(b)o(y)h(the)h -(XRH)908 1535 y(-)920 1539 y(1's)f(host)h(CPU.)f(An)h(MSCB)g(with)f(CBS)h(=)g -(2)f(and)g(the)h Fx(Command)150 1588 y(0)25 b FC(b)o(yte)20 -b(=)g(14)e(will)g(set)j(resp)q(onse)g(b)o(ytes)f(21{31)e(from)g(the)i(MSCB's) -g(b)o(ytes)g Fx(Command)g(1)6 b FC({)p Fx(Command)20 b(11)6 -b FC(,)150 1638 y(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)150 1724 y(When)13 -b(initialized,)d(the)k(XRH)637 1720 y(-)648 1724 y(1)e(will)f(resp)q(ond)j -(to)e(the)h(SCSI)g(Inquiry)f(command)e(with)i(EVPD)g(and)h(page)f(co)q(de)150 -1774 y(0x80)18 b(b)o(y)g(returning)i(b)o(yte)f(3)f(=)h(0,)h(no)e(serial)h(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)f(presen)o(t.)34 b(This)19 b(resp)q(onse)h(can)f(b)q(e)h(c)o -(hanged)f(b)o(y)f(the)150 1823 y(XRH)245 1819 y(-)257 1823 -y(1's)d(host)h(CPU.)f(An)h(MSCB)g(with)g(CBS)g(=)g(2)f(and)g -Fx(Command)i(0)22 b FC(b)o(yte)16 b(=)g(15)f(will)f(set)j(resp)q(onse)g(b)o -(ytes)150 1873 y(4{14)12 b(from)g(the)i(MSCB's)g(b)o(ytes)g -Fx(Command)h(1)6 b FC({)p Fx(Command)15 b(11)6 b FC(,)13 b(resp)q(ectiv)o -(ely)m(.)19 b(Also)13 b(resp)q(onse)i(b)o(yte)f(3)f(will)f(b)q(e)150 -1923 y(set)j(to)f(0x0B,)f(indicating)f(11)i(b)o(ytes)g(of)g(serial)f(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)h(string)g(are)g(presen)o(t.)150 2067 y Fz(3.12.3.4)48 -b(Resp)q(onse)14 b(to)i(Send)e(Command)150 2179 y FC(\(T)m(o)f(b)q(e)i -(written.\))150 2323 y Fz(3.12.3.5)48 b(Resp)q(onse)14 b(to)i(Send)e -(Diagnostic)f(Command)150 2435 y FC(\(T)m(o)g(b)q(e)i(written.\))p -eop -%%Page: 328 132 -328 131 bop 0 50 a FC(328)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y Fz(3.12.3.6)48 -b(Resp)q(onse)14 b(to)i(T)l(est)f(Unit)f(Ready)0 307 y FC(The)g(XRH)180 -303 y(-)192 307 y(1)g(will)e(resp)q(ond)j(to)f(a)f(T)m(est)i(Unit)e(Ready)h -(command)d(with)j(one)g(of)f(the)h(follo)o(wing)e(resp)q(onses:)62 -435 y FA(\017)21 b FC(Go)q(o)q(d.)c(\(Status)e(0.\))j(This)13 -b(XRH)635 431 y(-)647 435 y(1)h(is)f(ready)i(to)e(function)h(as)g(a)g -(target.)62 518 y FA(\017)21 b FC(Not)10 b(Ready)m(.)16 b(\(Status)11 -b(2,)g(c)o(hec)o(k)g(condition;)g(Sense)h(2,)e(not)g(ready;)i(ASC/Q)e(=)h -(0x0401,)e(Unit)i(is)f(in)g(pro)q(cess)104 567 y(of)15 b(b)q(ecoming)f(ready) -m(.\))23 b(This)15 b(XRH)679 563 y(-)691 567 y(1)g(has)h(receiv)o(ed)g -(initializing)d(commands)g(from)h(its)i(host)f(CPU)h(and)104 -617 y(is)e(exp)q(ected)h(to)f(b)q(e)h(ready)f(so)q(on.)62 700 -y FA(\017)21 b FC(Not)15 b(Ready)m(.)21 b(\(Status)15 b(2,)g(c)o(hec)o(k)h -(condition;)e(Sense)j(2,)d(not)h(ready;)h(ASC/Q)f(=)g(0x0403,)f(Man)o(ual)g -(in)o(ter-)104 750 y(v)o(en)o(tion)h(required.\))25 b(This)15 -b(XRH)644 746 y(-)656 750 y(1)g(has)h(not)g(y)o(et)g(receiv)o(ed)h -(appropriate)e(initializing)e(commands)h(from)104 800 y(its)g(host)g(CPU.)62 -883 y FA(\017)21 b FC(Illegal)13 b(Request.)21 b(\(Status)15 -b(2,)f(c)o(hec)o(k)i(condition;)d(Sense)j(5,)e(Illegal)f(Request,)i(ASC/Q)g -(=)g(0x0500,)e(LUN)104 933 y(not)h(supp)q(orted.\))19 b(Logical)13 -b(units)h(other)g(than)g(zero)h(are)f(not)g(supp)q(orted.)0 -1076 y Fz(3.12.3.7)48 b(Initiali)o(zatio)o(n)13 b(for)i(Op)q(eration)e(as)j -(a)h(T)l(arget)0 1189 y FC(\(T)m(o)c(b)q(e)i(written.\))p eop -%%Page: 329 133 -329 132 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.13.)31 b(XNI)347 46 y(-)359 50 y(1)13 -b(NETW)o(ORK)h(AD)o(APTER)1045 b FC(329)150 195 y Ft(3.13)70 -b(XNI)476 190 y(-)496 195 y(1)23 b(Net)n(w)n(ork)g(Adapter)150 -322 y FC(The)c(XNI)319 318 y(-)331 322 y(1)g(Net)o(w)o(ork)g(Adapter)g(\(XNI) -804 318 y(-)816 322 y(1\))g(pro)o(vides)g(a)f(highly)g(e\016cien)o(t)h -(connection)h(to)e(four)h(indep)q(enden)o(t)150 372 y(net)o(w)o(orks.)150 -457 y(The)13 b(XNI)313 453 y(-)325 457 y(1)g(generates)h(bus)g(cycles)g(of)e -(the)h(t)o(yp)q(es)h(\\W)m(ord)e(Read",)g(\\W)m(ord)g(W)m(rite",)g(and)g -(\\In)o(terrupt";)i(that)f(is,)150 507 y(it)h(is)f(capable)h(of)f(reading)h -(and)g(writing)f(in)g(main)f(memory)g(and)h(in)o(terrupting)h(the)h(CPU.)150 -593 y(The)d(XNI)312 589 y(-)325 593 y(1)f(resp)q(onds)j(to)e(bus)g(cycles)h -(of)f(the)g(follo)o(wing)d(t)o(yp)q(es:)18 b(\\Device)13 b(Status",)f -(\\Device)g(Con)o(trol",)f(\\W)m(ord)150 642 y(Read",)16 b(and)g(\\W)m(ord)f -(W)m(rite".)24 b(That)16 b(is,)g(the)g(XNI)984 638 y(-)996 -642 y(1)g(is)g(con)o(trolled)g(in)g(part)g(as)g(a)g(p)q(eripheral)h(device)f -(and)g(in)150 692 y(part)h(b)o(y)f(reading)g(and)h(writing)f(as)g(if)g(it)g -(is)g(a)h(memory)m(.)23 b(The)17 b(description)g(that)g(follo)o(ws)e(is)h -(organized)h(as)f(an)150 742 y(explanation)9 b(of)g(the)i(I/O)f(registers)h -(\(those)g(that)f(resp)q(ond)i(to)d(the)i(\\Device)f(Con)o(trol")f(and)h -(\\Device)g(Status")h(bus)150 792 y(cycles\),)j(an)e(explanation)g(of)g(the)h -(memory)d(registers,)k(and)f(a)f(description)i(of)e(the)h(proto)q(col)f(of)g -(comm)o(unication)150 842 y(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)j(the)g(CPU)f(\(op)q(erating)g -(system\))g(and)f(the)i(device.)150 927 y(In)i(addition)f(to)h(the)h(memory)d -(addressable)j(from)e(the)h(CPU,)h(the)f(XNI)1338 923 y(-)1350 -927 y(1)g(also)g(con)o(tains)g(a)g(lo)q(cal)f(on{b)q(oard)150 -977 y(memory)m(,)g(called)i(Memd,)g(whic)o(h)h(consists)g(of)f(262,144)e -(16{bit)h(w)o(ords.)32 b(This)18 b(memory)e(normally)g(con)o(tains)150 -1027 y(receiv)o(ed)f(datagrams,)d(etc.)150 1175 y Fy(3.13.1)55 -b(XNI)459 1171 y(-)475 1175 y(1)19 b(Net)n(w)n(ork)f(Adapter)h(I/O)g -(Registers)150 1288 y Fz(3.13.1.1)48 b(Device)15 b(Status)150 -1400 y FC(A)i(Status)h(Read)f(Request)h(directed)h(to)e(the)h(XNI)974 -1396 y(-)986 1400 y(1)f(at)g(address)h(0)f(\()p Fu(.NASTS==:0)p -FC(\))f(will)f(elicit)i(the)h(resp)q(onse)150 1450 y(describ)q(ed)e(b)q(elo)o -(w:)386 1566 y(XNI)465 1562 y(-)477 1566 y(1)d(Net)o(w)o(ork)h(Adapter)h(|)e -(Status)i(Read)e(from)g(Address)i(0)553 1836 y(\()p Fx(x)k -FC(denotes)c(a)f(\014eld)f(not)h(presen)o(tly)h(used.\))p 150 -1723 1495 2 v 149 1722 2 125 v 150 1598 1495 2 v 1644 1722 -2 125 v 274 1735 2 13 v 398 1735 V 523 1735 V 647 1735 V 772 -1735 V 896 1743 2 21 v 1021 1735 2 13 v 1145 1735 V 1270 1735 -V 1394 1735 V 1519 1735 V 162 1752 a Fn(0)p 191 1722 2 125 -v -17 w(0)p 149 1722 V 160 1673 a FC(1)204 1752 y Fn(1)p 232 -1722 V -17 w(1)p 191 1722 V 202 1673 a FC(0)246 1752 y Fn(2)p -274 1722 V -17 w(2)p 232 1722 V 243 1673 a FC(0)453 1752 y -Fn(7)p 481 1681 2 84 v -183 w(3)p 274 1681 V 310 1649 a Fx(Subtyp)n(e)287 -1752 y Fn(3)p 315 1722 2 42 v -17 w(3)p 274 1722 V 285 1715 -a FC(0)329 1752 y Fn(4)p 357 1722 V -17 w(4)p 315 1722 V 326 -1715 a FC(0)370 1752 y Fn(5)p 398 1722 V -17 w(5)p 357 1722 -V 368 1715 a FC(0)412 1752 y Fn(6)p 440 1722 V -17 w(6)p 398 -1722 V 409 1715 a FC(0)453 1752 y Fn(7)p 481 1722 V -17 w(7)p -440 1722 V 451 1715 a FC(1)652 1752 y Fn(12)p 689 1722 2 125 -v -191 w(8)p 481 1722 V 576 1669 a Fx(x)860 1752 y Fn(17)p -896 1722 V -200 w(13)p 689 1722 V 707 1654 a Fx(Har)n(dwar)n(e)717 -1695 y(R)n(evision)1524 1752 y Fn(33)p 1561 1722 V -657 w(18)p -896 1722 V 1139 1654 a Fx(Micr)n(o)n(c)n(o)n(de)1159 1695 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess) -1566 1752 y Fn(34)p 1602 1722 V -34 w(34)p 1561 1722 V 1563 -1638 a Fx(N)1564 1679 y(E)1569 1710 y(r)1607 1752 y Fn(35)p -1644 1722 V -34 w(35)p 1602 1722 V 1604 1634 a Fx(R)1609 1675 -y(d)1609 1706 y(y)150 1974 y FC(Bits)g(0{2)g(\()p Fu(DS\045TYP)p -FC(\))f(will)f(con)o(tain)i(the)h(t)o(yp)q(e)f(co)q(de)h(pattern)g(100)e(\()p -Fu(NA\045TCP==:4)p FC(\))g(to)h(iden)o(tify)f(this)h(as)g(a)g(Com-)150 -2024 y(m)o(unications)d(I/O)i(device.)19 b(The)14 b(rest)h(of)e(the)i(resp)q -(onse)h(is)d(deco)q(ded)j(as)e(follo)o(ws:)150 2130 y Fx(Subtyp)n(e)97 -b FC(Bits)17 b(3{7)e(\()p Fu(DS\045STY)p FC(\))h(iden)o(tify)f(the)j(subt)o -(yp)q(e)f(of)f(net)o(w)o(ork)h(con)o(troller.)25 b(Subt)o(yp)q(e)17 -b(1)g(denotes)g(the)383 2180 y(quadruple)e(in)o(terface)g(to)g(the)g(10)f -(MHz)i(Ethernet.)22 b(All)14 b(other)i(v)n(alues)e(of)g(the)i(subt)o(yp)q(e)g -(\014eld)f(are)383 2230 y(reserv)o(ed)h(for)d(future)i(in)o(terfaces.)150 -2305 y Fx(Har)n(dwar)n(e)150 2355 y(R)n(evision)383 2305 y -FC(\()p Fu(NA\045HRV==:37B17)p FC(\))c(This)j(\014eld)g(con)o(tains)g(the)g -(hardw)o(are)g(revision)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(this)f(device.)150 -2442 y Fx(Micr)n(o)n(c)n(o)n(de)150 2492 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)383 -2442 y FC(\()p Fu(NA\045UAD==:177777B3)o(3)p FC(\))8 b(The)k(curren)o(t)g(v)n -(alue)e(of)h(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(program)e(coun)o(ter.)18 -b(This)11 b(ma)o(y)383 2492 y(b)q(e)j(useful)g(for)g(diagnostic)f(purp)q -(oses.)150 2579 y Fx(NEr)156 b FC(\()p Fu(NA\045NER==:1B34)p -FC(\))15 b(No)i(Error.)29 b(When)17 b(0,)g(this)h(bit)f(signi\014es)g(that)g -(the)h(device)g(hardw)o(are)g(has)383 2629 y(detected)e(a)d(micro)q(co)q(de)h -(parit)o(y)f(error.)p eop -%%Page: 330 134 -330 133 bop 0 50 a FC(330)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y Fx(R)n(dy)164 -b FC(\()p Fu(NA\045RDY==:1B35)p FC(\))11 b(Ready)m(.)18 b(When)c(set,)g(the)h -(device)g(is)f(in)f(its)h(normal)e(op)q(erating)i(condition:)j(it)233 -245 y(is)c(ready)g(to)g(allo)o(w)e(access)k(to)e(its)g(con)o(trol)g -(registers)h(\(as)f(describ)q(ed)i(b)q(elo)o(w\).)j(After)13 -b(the)h(soft)o(w)o(are)233 295 y(has)20 b(seen)i(\\Ready",)e(unless)h(the)g -(soft)o(w)o(are)f(has)g(requested)j(that)d(the)h(XNI)1501 291 -y(-)1513 295 y(1)f(reset)h(itself,)g(a)233 345 y(subsequen)o(t)e(negation)e -(of)g(\\Ready")g(signi\014es)h(that)g(the)g(XNI)1253 341 y(-)1265 -345 y(1)f(micropro)q(cess)h(is)g(busy)g(doing)233 394 y(other)c(w)o(ork)f -(and)h(that)g(an)f(attempt)g(to)g(access)j(a)d(XNI)1115 390 -y(-)1127 394 y(1)h(con)o(trol)f(register)i(is)e(lik)o(ely)g(to)g(result)h(in) -233 444 y(a)f(bus)i(timeout.)0 571 y(A)i(Status)h(Read)f(Request)h(directed)h -(to)e(the)h(XNI)824 567 y(-)836 571 y(1)f(at)g(address)h(1)f(\()p -Fu(.NABUS==:1)p FC(\))f(will)f(elicit)i(the)h(resp)q(onse)0 -621 y(describ)q(ed)e(b)q(elo)o(w:)236 738 y(XNI)315 734 y(-)327 -738 y(1)d(Net)o(w)o(ork)h(Adapter)h(|)e(Status)i(Read)e(from)g(Address)i(1)p -0 969 1495 2 v -1 968 2 200 v 0 770 1495 2 v 1494 968 2 200 -v 124 980 2 13 v 248 980 V 373 980 V 497 980 V 622 980 V 746 -989 2 21 v 871 980 2 13 v 995 980 V 1120 980 V 1244 980 V 1369 -980 V 137 998 a Fn(3)p 165 968 2 200 v -142 w(0)p -1 968 V -67 858 a Fx(Q)49 907 y(Slot)262 998 y Fn(6)p 290 968 V -100 -w(4)p 165 968 V 208 854 a Fx(Q)182 903 y(T)m(yp)n(e)303 998 -y Fn(7)p 331 968 V -17 w(7)p 290 968 V 291 858 a Fx(Q)292 907 -y(A)461 998 y Fn(11)p 497 968 V -150 w(8)p 331 968 V 401 862 -a Fx(B)381 903 y(Slot)585 998 y Fn(14)p 622 968 V -117 w(12)p -497 968 V 542 858 a Fx(B)514 899 y(T)m(yp)n(e)627 998 y Fn(15)p -663 968 V -34 w(15)p 622 968 V 625 862 a Fx(B)624 903 y(A)668 -998 y Fn(16)p 705 968 V -34 w(16)p 663 968 V 666 847 a Fx(R)665 -888 y(A)671 918 y(c)710 998 y Fn(17)p 746 968 V -34 w(17)p -705 968 V 707 841 a Fx(R)709 882 y(F)717 924 y(l)751 998 y -Fn(18)p 788 968 V -34 w(18)p 746 968 V 749 847 a Fx(R)750 888 -y(F)755 918 y(r)793 998 y Fn(19)p 829 968 V -34 w(19)p 788 -968 V 791 842 a Fx(B)790 883 y(T)789 923 y(O)959 998 y Fn(23)p -995 968 V -159 w(20)p 829 968 V 849 862 a Fx(DST)g(0)875 903 -y(Slot)1083 998 y Fn(26)p 1120 968 V -117 w(24)p 995 968 V -994 858 a Fx(DST)g(0)1012 899 y(T)m(yp)n(e)1125 998 y Fn(27)p -1161 968 V -34 w(27)p 1120 968 V 1122 822 a Fx(R)1123 863 y(T)1121 -904 y(O)1127 943 y(0)1291 998 y Fn(31)p 1328 968 V -158 w(28)p -1161 968 V 1181 862 a Fx(DST)g(1)1207 903 y(Slot)1416 998 y -Fn(34)p 1452 968 V -117 w(32)p 1328 968 V 1326 858 a Fx(DST)g(1)1344 -899 y(T)m(yp)n(e)1457 998 y Fn(35)p 1494 968 V -34 w(35)p 1452 -968 V 1454 822 a Fx(R)1455 863 y(T)1454 904 y(O)1459 943 y(1)0 -1137 y FC(This)d(status)i(w)o(ord)e(re\015ects)j(the)e(state)g(of)f(the)h -(XNI)821 1133 y(-)833 1137 y(1's)f(activities)g(regarding)h(the)g(bac)o -(kplane)f(bus.)18 b(The)13 b(status)0 1186 y(w)o(ord)h(is)f(deco)q(ded)j(as)e -(follo)o(ws:)0 1313 y Fx(Q)h(Slot)53 b FC(\()p Fu(NA\045QSL==:17B3)p -FC(\))9 b(Queued)k(slot)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)17 b(This)11 b(\014eld)h(con)o -(tains)f(the)h(device)h(slot)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(to)g(whic)o(h)169 -1363 y(the)k(curren)o(t)h(head)f(of)f(the)g(queued)i(requests)g(is)e -(directed.)21 b(The)15 b(XNI)1293 1359 y(-)1305 1363 y(1)f(k)o(eeps)h(a)f -(queue)i(of)d(memory)169 1413 y(requests)k(that)d(ha)o(v)o(en't)h(y)o(et)f(b) -q(een)i(made.)j(V)m(alid)13 b(only)h(when)h Fx(QA)f FC(is)g(1,)g(this)h -(\014eld)f(and)h(the)g Fx(Q)g(T)m(yp)n(e)169 1463 y FC(\014eld)e(re\015ect)h -(the)f(state)g(of)e(the)i(queue.)18 b(When)13 b(the)g(XNI)1069 -1459 y(-)1081 1463 y(1's)f(bus)g(op)q(eration)h(unit)f(\(describ)q(ed)i(b)q -(elo)o(w,)169 1513 y(starting)f(with)f Fx(B)h(Slot)t FC(\))g(b)q(ecomes)f(a)o -(v)n(ailable,)e(the)j(head)g(of)e(the)i(queued)h(requests)g(b)q(ecomes)f(the) -f(next)169 1562 y(activ)o(e)i(transfer.)0 1645 y Fx(Q)h(T)m(yp)n(e)49 -b FC(\()p Fu(NA\045QTY==:7B6)p FC(\))15 b(Queued)j(op)q(eration)e(t)o(yp)q -(e.)27 b(This)17 b(three{bit)g(\014eld,)g(v)n(alid)e(only)h(when)h -Fx(QA)f FC(is)h(1,)169 1695 y(de\014nes)g(the)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f(op)q -(eration)h(presen)o(tly)g(at)g(the)g(head)f(of)g(the)h(queue.)24 -b(The)16 b(\014eld)g(is)f(deco)q(ded)i(as)169 1745 y(follo)o(ws:)169 -1813 y(000)49 b(None,)14 b(or)g(status)h(return.)169 1898 y(001)49 -b(Read)14 b(return.)169 1984 y(010)49 b(DMA)14 b(read.)169 -2069 y(011)49 b(DMA)14 b(write.)169 2155 y(100)49 b(ALU)15 -b(read.)169 2240 y(101)49 b(ALU)15 b(write.)169 2326 y(110)49 -b(In)o(terrupt.)169 2412 y(111)g(ALU)15 b(read)f(return.)0 -2496 y Fx(QA)106 b FC(\()p Fu(NA\045QAC==:1B7)p FC(\))13 b(Queue)j(Activ)o -(e.)21 b(If)15 b(1,)f(the)h(queue)h(is)e(non{empt)o(y)g(and)g(the)i -Fx(Q)f(Slot)k FC(and)c Fx(Q)g(T)m(yp)n(e)169 2546 y FC(\014elds)g(listed)f -(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f(are)i(v)n(alid.)h(If)e(0,)f(the)h(queue)h(is)f(empt)o(y;)e -(the)i(\014elds)h(listed)f(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f(are)i(stale.)0 -2629 y Fx(B)g(Slot)56 b FC(\()p Fu(NA\045BSL==:17B11)p FC(\))10 -b(Bus)k(transfer)f(slot)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)17 b(The)c(device)g(slot)g(n)o(um) -o(b)q(er)f(to)g(whic)o(h)g(the)h(curren)o(t)p eop -%%Page: 331 135 -331 134 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.13.)31 b(XNI)347 46 y(-)359 50 y(1)13 -b(NETW)o(ORK)h(AD)o(APTER)1045 b FC(331)319 195 y(op)q(eration)13 -b(is)g(directed.)18 b(V)m(alid)12 b(only)g(when)h Fx(BA)g FC(is)f(1,)g(this)h -(\014eld)g(and)f(the)i Fx(B)g(T)m(yp)n(e)h FC(\014eld)e(describ)q(e)h(the)319 -245 y(state)h(of)e(the)i(XNI)619 241 y(-)631 245 y(1's)e(curren)o(t)j(bus)e -(op)q(eration.)150 328 y Fx(B)h(T)m(yp)n(e)50 b FC(\()p Fu(NA\045BTY==:7B14)p -FC(\))13 b(Bus)k(transfer)g(op)q(eration)e(t)o(yp)q(e.)25 b(This)16 -b(three{bit)g(\014eld,)g(v)n(alid)e(only)i(when)g Fx(BA)319 -378 y FC(is)e(1,)e(de\014nes)j(the)f(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f(op)q(eration)g(presen) -o(tly)i(at)e(the)h(head)f(of)g(the)h(queue.)19 b(The)14 b(\014eld)f(is)h -(deco)q(ded)319 428 y(as)g(sho)o(wn)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g(under)h -Fx(Q)f(T)m(yp)n(e)150 511 y(BA)109 b FC(\()p Fu(NA\045BAC==:1B15)p -FC(\))10 b(Bus)j(transfer)f(activ)o(e.)18 b(If)11 b(1,)h(the)h(bus)f -(transfer)h(bu\013er)g(is)e(activ)o(e:)18 b(the)12 b Fx(B)h(Slot)j -FC(and)319 560 y Fx(B)i(T)m(yp)n(e)e FC(\014elds)i(are)f(v)n(alid.)24 -b(If)17 b(0,)f(the)h(transfer)h(bu\013er)g(is)e(empt)o(y)g(and)g(the)h -(\014elds)g(listed)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g(are)319 610 y(stale.)150 -693 y Fx(RA)n(c)91 b FC(\()p Fu(NA\045RAC==:1B16)p FC(\))10 -b(Read{activ)o(e.)16 b(This)c(\015ag)f(is)h(1)f(to)g(signify)g(that)h(the)g -(XNI)1550 689 y(-)1562 693 y(1)f(is)h(w)o(aiting)e(for)h(one)h(or)319 -743 y(t)o(w)o(o)h(read)h(resp)q(onses.)20 b(Up)13 b(to)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(read)g -(requests)i(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)h(outstanding)g(at)g(an)o(y)g(instan)o(t.)k(This)c -(\015ag)319 793 y(b)q(eing)i(set)h(indicates)f(that)g(the)g(XNI)914 -789 y(-)926 793 y(1)g(is)f(w)o(aiting)g(for)g(the)h(resp)q(onse)i(to)e(at)f -(least)h(one)g(outstanding)319 843 y(read)g(request.)k(If)14 -b(this)g(\015ag)f(is)h(0,)f(the)i(device)f(has)g(no)g(read)g(requests)i -(outstanding.)319 909 y(The)e(follo)o(wing)d(\014elds)i(and)g(\015ags)h(are)f -(meaningful)e(only)h(when)i(read{activ)o(e)g(is)f(1:)k Fx(RFl)h -FC(\(Read{full\),)319 959 y Fx(RF)m(r)i FC(\(Read{\014rst\),)c -Fx(DST)h(0)g(slot)t FC(,)e Fx(DST)i(0)g(typ)n(e)s FC(,)f Fx(DST)h(1)f(slot)t -FC(,)f(and)h Fx(DST)h(1)f(typ)n(e)s FC(;)h(these)g(relate)f(to)319 -1009 y(the)f(bus)f(in)o(terface)h(logic)e(within)g(the)h(XNI)1012 -1005 y(-)1024 1009 y(1.)150 1092 y Fx(RFl)101 b FC(\()p Fu(NA\045RFL==:1B17)p -FC(\))15 b(Read{full.)27 b(The)18 b(XNI)1033 1088 y(-)1045 -1092 y(1)f(has)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(read)h(requests)h(outstanding.)28 -b(A)18 b(read)f(re-)319 1142 y(sp)q(onse)e(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)i(receiv)o(ed)g(b) -q(efore)g(the)f(XNI)1046 1138 y(-)1058 1142 y(1)g(can)g(issue)h(another)f -(read)g(request.)150 1225 y Fx(RF)m(r)97 b FC(\()p Fu(NA\045RFR==:1B18)p -FC(\))13 b(Read{\014rst.)20 b(If)15 b(0,)f(the)h(XNI)1108 1221 -y(-)1120 1225 y(1)f(in)o(ternal)h(unit)f(that)h(issued)g(the)h(DST)e(0)g -(request)319 1274 y(gets)j(the)g(\014rst)g(resp)q(onse)g(from)e(the)h(device) -h(whose)g(slot)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(matc)o(hes)h(the)g(DST)g(0)g(slot.)24 -b(If)16 b(1,)319 1324 y(the)g(unit)f(that)g(issued)g(the)h(DST)e(1)h(request) -i(gets)e(the)h(\014rst)f(resp)q(onse)i(from)c(the)j(device)g(whose)f(slot)319 -1374 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(matc)o(hes)g(the)h(DST)f(1)g(slot.)19 -b(The)c(read{\014rst)g(\015ag)f(resolv)o(es)h(the)g(am)o(biguit)o(y)d(of)h -(whic)o(h)h(read)319 1424 y(unit)g(gets)h(the)f(next)g(resp)q(onse)i(when)f -(b)q(oth)f(are)g(w)o(aiting)e(for)i(the)g(same)f(device.)319 -1490 y(When)f(read{full)f(is)g(0)g(and)h(read{activ)o(e)g(is)f(1,)g(only)g -(one)h(read)g(request)h(is)e(outstanding.)17 b(In)12 b(this)f(case,)319 -1540 y(read{\014rst)k(iden)o(ti\014es)g(whic)o(h)e(of)h(DST)f(0)h(t)o(yp)q(e) -g(or)g(DST)g(1)f(t)o(yp)q(e)i(sp)q(eci\014es)g(the)g(requesting)g(unit.)319 -1606 y(When)e(read{full)e(is)h(1)g(and)g(the)h(v)n(alues)f(of)g(DST)g(0)g -(slot)g(and)g(DST)g(1)g(slot)g(are)g(di\013eren)o(t,)i(the)e(memory)319 -1656 y(data)i(will)e(b)q(e)j(sen)o(t)g(to)e(the)i(read)f(unit)g(whose)g(DST)g -Fs(n)f FC(slot)h(v)n(alue)f(matc)o(hes)h(the)g(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g -(the)319 1706 y(resp)q(onding)i(memory)m(.)150 1789 y Fx(BTO)78 -b FC(\()p Fu(NA\045BTO==:1B19)p FC(\))12 b(Busy)i(time{out.)j(The)d(target)g -(w)o(as)g(busy)h(on)e(256)g(consecutiv)o(e)j(attempts.)150 -1872 y Fx(DST)e(0)150 1922 y(Slot)319 1872 y FC(\()p Fu(NA\045D0S==:17B23)p -FC(\))h(This)h(\014eld)h(sp)q(eci\014es)i(the)e(bac)o(kplane)g(slot)f(n)o(um) -o(b)q(er)h(of)f(the)h(memory)e(unit)h(to)319 1922 y(whic)o(h)g(a)g(read)g -(request)h(w)o(as)f(directed)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(XNI)1172 1918 -y(-)1184 1922 y(1)g(in)o(ternal)f(unit)h(iden)o(ti\014ed)g(b)o(y)f(DST)h(0)f -(T)o(yp)q(e.)319 1972 y(This)f(data)g(is)f(v)n(alid)g(if)g(read{full)g(is)g -(1)h(or)g(if)f(read{activ)o(e)h(is)g(1)g(and)f(read{\014rst)i(is)f(0.)150 -2067 y Fx(DST)g(0)150 2117 y(T)m(yp)n(e)319 2067 y FC(\()p -Fu(NA\045D0T==:7B26)p FC(\))d(The)i(t)o(yp)q(e)h(\014eld)f(deco)q(des)h(as)f -Fx(Q)h(T)m(yp)n(e)s FC(,)f(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)f(but)h(the)h(only)e(v)n(alid)f(v) -n(alues)i(are)g(2)319 2117 y(and)h(4.)k(This)c(data)f(is)h(v)n(alid)e(in)i -(the)g(same)f(circumstances)i(as)f(when)g(the)h(DST)e(0)h(slot)g(is)f(v)n -(alid.)150 2212 y Fx(R)m(TO0)59 b FC(\()p Fu(NA\045RT0==:1B27)p -FC(\))12 b(Read)j(time{out)e(0:)19 b(No)14 b(data)g(w)o(as)h(returned)h -(during)e(the)h(256)f(bus)h(cycles)h(that)319 2262 y(follo)o(w)o(ed)d(the)h -(target's)g(acceptance)i(of)e(a)f(request.)150 2345 y Fx(DST)h(1)150 -2395 y(Slot)319 2345 y FC(\()p Fu(NA\045D1S==:17B31)p FC(\))h(This)h(\014eld) -h(sp)q(eci\014es)i(the)e(bac)o(kplane)g(slot)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)f(the)h -(memory)e(unit)h(to)319 2395 y(whic)o(h)h(a)f(read)i(request)g(w)o(as)f -(directed)h(b)o(y)e(the)h(XNI)1179 2391 y(-)1192 2395 y(1)f(in)o(ternal)g -(unit)h(iden)o(ti\014ed)g(b)o(y)f(DST)g(1)h(t)o(yp)q(e.)319 -2445 y(This)d(data)g(is)f(v)n(alid)g(if)g(read{full)g(is)g(1)h(or)g(if)f -(read{activ)o(e)h(is)g(1)g(and)f(read{\014rst)i(is)f(1.)150 -2540 y Fx(DST)g(1)150 2590 y(T)m(yp)n(e)319 2540 y FC(\()p -Fu(NA\045D1T==:7B34)p FC(\))d(The)i(t)o(yp)q(e)h(\014eld)f(deco)q(des)h(as)f -Fx(Q)h(T)m(yp)n(e)s FC(,)f(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)f(but)h(the)h(only)e(v)n(alid)f(v) -n(alues)i(are)g(2)319 2590 y(and)h(4.)k(This)c(data)f(is)h(v)n(alid)e(in)i -(the)g(same)f(circumstances)i(as)f(when)g(the)h(DST)e(1)h(slot)g(is)f(v)n -(alid.)p eop -%%Page: 332 136 -332 135 bop 0 50 a FC(332)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y Fx(R)m(TO1)59 -b FC(\()p Fu(NA\045RT1==:1B35)p FC(\))12 b(Read)j(time{out)e(1:)19 -b(No)14 b(data)g(w)o(as)h(returned)h(during)e(the)h(256)f(bus)h(cycles)h -(that)169 245 y(follo)o(w)o(ed)d(the)h(target's)g(acceptance)i(of)e(a)f -(request.)0 389 y Fz(3.13.1.2)48 b(Device)15 b(Con)o(trol)0 -501 y FC(A)20 b(device)h(con)o(trol)f(bus)g(cycle)h(to)f(the)g(XNI)733 -497 y(-)745 501 y(1)g(at)g(an)o(y)f(address)j(reloads)e(the)g(micro)q(co)q -(de)g(and,)h(optionally)m(,)0 551 y(p)q(erforms)13 b(the)i(reset)g(function)f -(describ)q(ed)i(b)q(elo)o(w.)234 676 y(XNI)313 672 y(-)326 -676 y(1)d(Net)o(w)o(ork)h(Adapter)h(|)e(Device)i(Con)o(trol)e(to)h(Address)h -(0)p 0 857 1495 2 v -1 856 2 150 v 0 707 1495 2 v 1494 856 -2 150 v 124 869 2 13 v 248 869 V 373 869 V 497 869 V 622 869 -V 746 877 2 21 v 871 869 2 13 v 995 869 V 1120 869 V 1244 869 -V 1369 869 V 710 886 a Fn(17)p 746 856 2 150 v -34 w(17)p 705 -856 V 707 760 a Fx(R)708 801 y(E)711 831 y(n)1416 886 y Fn(34)p -1452 856 V -34 w(34)p 1411 856 V 1413 755 a Fx(R)1413 796 y(B)1420 -836 y(I)1457 886 y Fn(35)p 1494 856 V -34 w(35)p 1452 856 V -1454 775 a Fx(R)1454 816 y(R)0 1025 y FC(The)f(\014elds)h(ha)o(v)o(e)e(the)i -(follo)o(wing)c(signi\014cance:)0 1152 y Fx(REn)51 b FC(\()p -Fu(NA\045REN==:1B17)p FC(\))14 b(Reset)j(Enable.)26 b(If)16 -b(this)g(bit)g(is)h(1,)f(the)h(XNI)1184 1148 y(-)1196 1152 -y(1)f(is)h(enabled)f(to)h(lo)q(ok)e(at)h(the)h(other)132 1202 -y(bits)d(and)g(to)f(p)q(erform)g(the)i(requested)h(action\(s\).)0 -1285 y Fx(RBI)57 b FC(\()p Fu(NA\045RBI==:1B34)p FC(\))9 b(Reset)j(Bus)h(In)o -(terface.)18 b(If)11 b(this)h(bit)f(and)h Fu(NA\045REN)e FC(are)i(b)q(oth)f -(1,)h(the)g(XNI)1594 1281 y(-)1606 1285 y(1)f(will)f(reset)132 -1334 y(its)k(bus)h(in)o(terface.)20 b(The)15 b(bus)g(in)o(terface)g(migh)o(t) -e(p)q(ossibly)h(b)q(ecome)g(h)o(ung)g(if)g(an)g(incorrectly)h(formatted)132 -1384 y(Message)d(Con)o(trol)f(Blo)q(c)o(k)g(\(MCB\))g(is)g(presen)o(ted)j(to) -d(the)g(XNI)1112 1380 y(-)1124 1384 y(1.)17 b(\(The)12 b(MCB)f(is)g(a)g(data) -g(structure)i(used)132 1434 y(to)g(pass)h(information)c(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)k -(the)g(XNI)805 1430 y(-)817 1434 y(1)f(and)g(the)h(CPU;)f(it)f(is)h -(explained)g(further)h(in)f FA(x)p FC(3.13.3.\))j(F)m(or)132 -1484 y(example,)c(if)h(the)i(MCB)f(sp)q(eci\014es)i(a)d(bus)i(address)g(w)o -(ord)f(with)f(an)h(incorrect)h(slot)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(the)h(XNI)1767 -1480 y(-)1779 1484 y(1)132 1534 y(ma)o(y)f(get)h(a)h(bus)g(timeout)e(ev)o -(ery)i(time)f(it)g(attempts)g(to)g(transfer)i(data)e(at)h(that)f(address;)i -(b)q(ecause)g(the)132 1583 y(failing)9 b(transfer)j(will)e(b)q(e)i(retried,)g -(the)g(bus)f(in)o(terface)h(ma)o(y)d(remain)h(stuc)o(k)i(for)f(a)g(while.)17 -b(This)11 b(command)132 1633 y(clears)k(it.)0 1716 y Fx(RR)72 -b FC(\()p Fu(NA\045RR==:1B35)p FC(\))18 b(Reset)j(Request.)38 -b(If)20 b(this)g(bit)g(and)g Fu(NA\045REN)f FC(are)h(b)q(oth)h(1,)g(the)g -(XNI)1595 1712 y(-)1607 1716 y(1)f(Net)o(w)o(ork)132 1766 y(Adapter)d(will)d -(reset)k(itself)e(to)g(its)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er{on)g(condition.)24 -b(This)16 b(op)q(eration)g(causes)i(the)e(XNI)1655 1762 y(-)1668 -1766 y(1)f(to)h(b)q(e)132 1816 y(\\busy")i(and)g(unresp)q(onsiv)o(e)h(for)f -(appro)o(ximately)e(0.1)h(seconds.)32 b(The)18 b(reset)i(op)q(eration)e -(destro)o(ys)h(all)132 1866 y(MCBs)c(held)g(in)f(the)h(data)f(registers.)22 -b(\(Unless)15 b(the)g(op)q(erating)g(system)f(has)h(an)f(indep)q(enden)o(t)i -(metho)q(d)132 1916 y(b)o(y)g(whic)o(h)h(it)f(remem)o(b)q(ers)g(where)i(the)f -(MCB)g(bu\013ers)h(ha)o(v)o(e)e(b)q(een)i(placed,)f(the)g(system)g(will)e -(lose)h(the)132 1965 y(use)f(of)e(all)g(memory)e(allo)q(cated)i(for)h(input)g -(messages)g(and)f(curren)o(t)j(output)e(messages.\))0 2092 -y(Since)i(all)e(device)i(con)o(trol)g(cycles)g(reload)f(the)h(micro)q(co)q -(de,)f(it)g(is)h(recommended)e(that)i(only)e(the)i(com)o(bination)0 -2142 y Fu(NA\045REN!NNA\045RR)f FC(b)q(e)j(used)g(to)g(insure)g(that)g(the)g -(micro)q(co)q(de)f(gets)h(a)f(consisten)o(t)i(hardw)o(are)f(state)g(after)g -(it)f(is)0 2192 y(reloaded.)0 2344 y Fy(3.13.2)55 b(XNI)309 -2340 y(-)325 2344 y(1)19 b(Net)n(w)n(ork)f(Adapter)h(Memory)e(Registers)0 -2456 y FC(The)h(XNI)168 2452 y(-)180 2456 y(1)f(con)o(tains)h(8,192)e(36{bit) -h(w)o(ords)g(of)g(addressable)i(memory)c(registers.)31 b(These)19 -b(are)f(divided)f(in)o(to)0 2506 y(three)c(categories:)18 b(con)o(trol)12 -b(registers,)h(data)e(registers,)j(and)d(pac)o(k)o(et)h(sno)q(op)g -(registers.)19 b(The)13 b(XNI)1556 2502 y(-)1568 2506 y(1's)e(op)q(erating)0 -2556 y(micro)q(co)q(de)f(allo)q(cates)h(addresses)i(0{37)c(to)i(the)g(con)o -(trol)g(registers,)h(40{7777)d(to)i(the)g(data)f(registers,)j(and)d(10000{)0 -2606 y(17777)i(to)h(the)h(pac)o(k)o(et)g(sno)q(op)f(registers.)20 -b(Access)15 b(to)e(an)o(y)g(register)i(is)e(p)q(ermitted)g(whenev)o(er)h(the) -g(register)h(set)f(is)p eop -%%Page: 333 137 -333 136 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.13.)31 b(XNI)347 46 y(-)359 50 y(1)13 -b(NETW)o(ORK)h(AD)o(APTER)1045 b FC(333)150 195 y(not)15 b(\\busy)m(.")22 -b(The)16 b(distinction)f(among)e(these)k(register)f(t)o(yp)q(es)g(is)g(that)f -(access)i(to)e(an)o(y)g(con)o(trol)g(register)i(or)e(to)150 -245 y(an)o(y)f(pac)o(k)o(et)h(sno)q(op)g(register)g(causes)h(the)g(en)o(tire) -f(register)h(set)f(to)f(b)q(ecome)h(busy)g(for)f(a)g(p)q(erio)q(d)h(of)f -(time)f(during)150 295 y(whic)o(h)j(no)g(access)i(to)f(an)o(y)f(register)h -(is)f(p)q(ermitted;)h(access)h(to)f(a)f(data)g(register)h(do)q(es)g(not)f -(cause)i(the)f(register)150 345 y(set)h(to)g(b)q(ecome)f(busy)m(.)29 -b(\(A)o(ttempts)17 b(to)h(access)h(a)e(register)i(while)e(the)h(register)g -(set)h(is)e(busy)h(will)e(result)i(in)f(a)150 394 y(\\busy")e(resp)q(onse)j -(and)d(a)g(p)q(ossible)h(bus)g(timeout.)21 b(The)16 b(register)g(set)h(is)e -(t)o(ypically)f(busy)i(for)f(a)g(p)q(erio)q(d)h(of)f(1{2)150 -444 y(microseconds)f(follo)o(wing)e(access)k(to)e(a)f(con)o(trol)h -(register.\))20 b(The)15 b(con)o(trol)f(and)g(data)g(registers)h(ma)o(y)e(b)q -(e)h(read)h(or)150 494 y(written;)f(the)g(pac)o(k)o(et)h(sno)q(op)f -(registers)h(are)f(read{only)m(.)150 638 y Fz(3.13.2.1)48 b(XNI)450 -634 y(-)464 638 y(1)16 b(Con)o(trol)e(Register)g(Addresses)150 -750 y FC(The)g(follo)o(wing)e(con)o(trol)h(register)i(addresses)h(are)f(of)e -(particular)h(imp)q(ortance)f(in)g(programming)d(the)15 b(XNI)1863 -746 y(-)1875 750 y(1:)150 818 y(00)112 b(Slot)12 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)g -(the)h(XNI)736 814 y(-)748 818 y(1)f(\()p Fu(NA\045SLT==:0)p -FC(\):)j(This)d(register)i(is)e(written)h(to)f(b)o(y)g(the)h(CPU)g(to)f(tell) -g(the)304 867 y(XNI)383 863 y(-)395 867 y(1)j(its)g(o)o(wn)g(bac)o(kplane)g -(address.)26 b(The)17 b(XNI)1115 863 y(-)1127 867 y(1)f(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)g(will)e(b)q(e)j(written)g(in)f(bus)h(address)304 917 y(w)o(ord)f(format) -f(\()p FA(x)p FC(3.1.4\);)h(i.e.,)g(in)g(bits)h(3{6)f(of)g(the)h(con)o(trol)f -(register.)27 b(The)17 b(un)o(used)h(p)q(ortions)e(of)g(the)304 -967 y(w)o(ord)c(will)f(b)q(e)i(written)h(as)e(zero.)19 b(\(The)13 -b(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(this)g(register)i(are)f(used)h(b)o(y)e(the)h(XNI)1737 -963 y(-)1749 967 y(1)g(hardw)o(are)304 1017 y(to)g(determine)h(whether)h(a)f -(bus)g(transaction)g(is)g(directed)h(at)f(it\))150 1102 y(01)112 -b(Priorit)o(y)10 b(In)o(terrupt)i(Assignmen)o(t)f(Register)g(\()p -Fu(NA\045PIR==:1)p FC(\):)k(This)c(register)h(holds)f(the)h(priorit)o(y)e(in) -o(ter-)304 1152 y(rupt)h(assignmen)o(t)e(lev)o(el)i(for)f(the)i(XNI)903 -1148 y(-)915 1152 y(1)e(and)h(the)g(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(the)h(pro)q -(cessor)i(to)d(whic)o(h)h(the)g(XNI)1917 1148 y(-)1929 1152 -y(1)304 1202 y(shall)k(direct)j(in)o(terrupts.)28 b(This)16 -b(register)i(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)i(written)g(in)f(to)h(set)h(the)f(priorit)o(y)f -(in)o(terrupt)h(lev)o(el)304 1252 y(and)e(assign)f(a)h(pro)q(cessor)i(to)e -(\014eld)g(the)h(in)o(terrupts)g(\(t)o(ypically)m(,)e(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i -(writing)e(this)g(register)304 1302 y(will)f(send)i(its)g(o)o(wn)f(slot)h(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er\).)23 b(The)16 b(pro)q(cessor)h(slot)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(will)f -(b)q(e)i(written)g(in)g(bus)g(address)304 1352 y(w)o(ord)c(format)e(in)i -(bits)g(3{6)g(of)g(this)g(register;)i(the)e(priorit)o(y)g(lev)o(el)g(will)f -(b)q(e)i(written)g(in)e(bits)i(33{35.)j(This)304 1401 y(register)e(ma)o(y)d -(b)q(e)j(read)f(to)g(disco)o(v)o(er)g(what)g(priorit)o(y)g(lev)o(el)f(has)h -(b)q(een)i(assigned.)j(The)13 b(default)g(priorit)o(y)304 1451 -y(lev)o(el)g(for)h(the)g(XNI)612 1447 y(-)624 1451 y(1)g(is)g(5.)150 -1537 y(02)112 b(Comma)o(nd)14 b(Register)j(\()p Fu(NA\045CMR==:2)p -FC(\).)23 b(This)17 b(register)g(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(written)g(to)f(b)o(y)g(the) -h(CPU)g(to)f(cause)304 1587 y(the)21 b(XNI)461 1583 y(-)473 -1587 y(1)f(to)g(p)q(erform)g(one)g(of)g(the)h(commands)d(that)j(do)f(not)h -(in)o(v)o(olv)o(e)e(the)i(memory)d(transfers)304 1636 y(c)o(haracteristic)e -(of)f(most)g(data)g(transfers.)24 b(Results)16 b(of)f(a)g(command,)e(if)h(an) -o(y)m(,)h(are)h(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(through)304 1686 y(the)k(results)g -(register.)27 b(Commands)14 b(are)j(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(in)e(bits)h(28{35)e(of)h -(this)g(register;)j(the)e(other)g(bits)304 1736 y(ma)o(y)12 -b(b)q(e)i(used)h(as)f(parameters.)k(Commands)11 b(and)j(results)h(are)f -(describ)q(ed)i(in)d FA(x)p FC(3.13.4.)150 1822 y(03)112 b(Un)o(used)14 -b(\()p Fu(NA\045CRR==:3)p FC(\).)150 1907 y(04)112 b(Result)17 -b(Register)h(\()p Fu(NA\045RSR==:4)p FC(\).)28 b(If)17 b(a)g(command)e(pro)q -(duces)k(results,)h(they)e(are)g(recorded)h(in)e(the)304 1957 -y(Result)e(Register.)21 b(The)15 b(meaning)e(of)i(the)g(v)n(alue)f(in)h(the)g -(the)h(Result)f(Register)g(is)g(dep)q(endan)o(t)h(on)e(the)304 -2007 y(command)d(that)j(w)o(as)f(issued.)19 b(Commands)11 b(and)j(results)h -(are)f(describ)q(ed)i(in)d FA(x)q FC(3.13.4.)150 2092 y(05)112 -b(F)m(romXR)10 b(\()p Fu(NA\045FXR==:5)p FC(\))h(or)i(T)m(ransmit)e(Done)h -(register:)19 b(when)13 b(the)g(XNI)1490 2088 y(-)1503 2092 -y(1)f(has)h(one)g(or)f(more)g(MCBs)304 2142 y(of)17 b(messages)i(that)f(ha)o -(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)i(transmitted,)e(it)g(stores)i(the)f(address)h(of)d(the)i -(MCB)g(\(or)g(the)g(head)304 2192 y(of)c(the)i(list)f(of)f(MCBs\))j(in)d -(this)i(register,)g(and)f(it)g(requests)i(an)e(in)o(terrupt)h(at)f(the)h -(assigned)g(priorit)o(y)304 2242 y(lev)o(el.)22 b(If)15 b(the)h(register)g -(already)f(con)o(tains)g(a)g(non{zero)h(v)n(alue,)f(the)h(XNI)1482 -2238 y(-)1494 2242 y(1)f(accum)o(ulates)g(completed)304 2292 -y(transmission)10 b(MCBs)j(un)o(til)e(the)h(register)h(b)q(ecomes)g(a)o(v)n -(ailable.)i(When)d(the)g(CPU)h(reads)f(this)g(register,)304 -2341 y(the)18 b(XNI)458 2337 y(-)470 2341 y(1)g(withdra)o(ws)f(its)h(in)o -(terrupt)g(request,)i(but)e(the)h(register)g(remains)d(busy)i(un)o(til)f(the) -i(CPU)304 2391 y(writes)c(the)h(v)n(alue)e(zero)i(in)o(to)e(it.)21 -b(\(There)16 b(is)f(no)g(need)h(for)f(the)g(CPU)h(to)e(send)i(the)g(XNI)1721 -2387 y(-)1733 2391 y(1)f(a)f(message)304 2441 y(to)f(sa)o(y)h(that)g(the)g -(register)i(has)e(b)q(ecome)f(free.\))150 2527 y(06)112 b(F)m(romR)o(CV)10 -b(\()p Fu(NA\045RCV==:6)p FC(\))i(or)h(Receiv)o(e)g(Data)g(register:)18 -b(when)c(the)g(XNI)1489 2523 y(-)1501 2527 y(1)f(has)g(one)g(or)g(more)f -(MCBs)304 2576 y(represen)o(ting)i(messages)f(receiv)o(ed,)h(it)e(will)f -(store)j(the)f(address)h(of)e(the)i(MCB)f(\(or)g(the)g(head)g(of)f(the)h -(list)304 2626 y(of)h(MCBs\))i(in)f(this)g(register)i(and)e(it)f(will)g -(request)j(an)e(in)o(terrupt)h(at)f(the)h(assigned)f(priorit)o(y)g(lev)o(el.) -21 b(If)p eop -%%Page: 334 138 -334 137 bop 0 50 a FC(334)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)154 195 y FC(the)f(register)h(already)f -(con)o(tains)g(a)f(non{zero)i(v)n(alue,)e(the)i(XNI)1155 191 -y(-)1167 195 y(1)e(accum)o(ulates)h(completed)f(transmis-)154 -245 y(sion)j(MCBs)h(un)o(til)f(the)h(register)g(b)q(ecomes)g(free.)24 -b(When)16 b(the)g(CPU)g(reads)g(this)f(register,)i(the)f(XNI)1767 -241 y(-)1779 245 y(1)154 295 y(withdra)o(ws)i(its)g(in)o(terrupt)g(request,)i -(but)f(the)f(register)h(remains)e(busy)i(un)o(til)e(the)h(CPU)h(writes)f(the) -154 345 y(v)n(alue)13 b(zero)i(in)o(to)e(it.)18 b(\(There)e(is)e(no)f(need)j -(for)d(the)i(CPU)f(to)g(send)h(the)g(XNI)1360 341 y(-)1372 -345 y(1)f(a)f(message)h(to)g(sa)o(y)g(that)154 394 y(the)g(register)h(has)f -(b)q(ecome)g(free.\))0 480 y(07)112 b(Un)o(used.)0 565 y(10)g(T)m(oPr0)18 -b(\()p Fu(NA\045TP0==:10)p FC(\))f(or)i(T)m(ransmit)e(P)o(ort)i(0)g -(register:)29 b(when)19 b(the)h(CPU)f(w)o(an)o(ts)g(to)g(transmit)e(a)154 -615 y(datagram)11 b(on)h(the)i(XNI)546 611 y(-)558 615 y(1's)e(output)i(p)q -(ort)f(0,)f(it)h(stores)h(the)g(address)g(of)e(a)h(list)f(of)g(MCBs)i(\(all)e -(for)h(p)q(ort)154 665 y(0\))k(in)g(this)h(register,)h(pro)o(vided)f(the)g -(register)h(already)e(con)o(tains)h(the)g(v)n(alue)f(zero.)30 -b(\(If)18 b(the)g(register)154 715 y(con)o(tains)12 b(a)f(non{zero)i(v)n -(alue,)e(the)i(CPU)f(will)f(accum)o(ulate)g(a)h(list)g(of)f(MCBs)i(addressed) -h(to)e(p)q(ort)g(0)g(and)154 765 y(w)o(aiting)h(to)i(b)q(e)h(sen)o(t)f(to)g -(the)h(XNI)702 761 y(-)714 765 y(1.\))21 b(There)16 b(is)f(no)g(need)h(for)e -(the)i(CPU)f(to)g(send)h(a)f(message)g(to)f(the)154 815 y(XNI)233 -811 y(-)245 815 y(1)f(to)h(tell)g(it)f(to)h(lo)q(ok)f(at)g(the)i(new)f(v)n -(alue.)0 900 y(11)112 b(T)m(oPr1)17 b(\()p Fu(NA\045TP1==:11)p -FC(\))f(or)i(T)m(ransmit)e(P)o(ort)i(1)g(register.)31 b(This)18 -b(register)h(is)f(the)g(p)q(ort)g(1)g(analog)f(of)154 950 y -Fu(NA\045TP0)12 b FC(register.)0 1035 y(12)112 b(T)m(oPr2)17 -b(\()p Fu(NA\045TP2==:12)p FC(\))f(or)i(T)m(ransmit)e(P)o(ort)i(2)g -(register.)31 b(This)18 b(register)h(is)f(the)g(p)q(ort)g(2)g(analog)f(of)154 -1085 y Fu(NA\045TP0)12 b FC(register.)0 1171 y(13)112 b(T)m(oPr3)17 -b(\()p Fu(NA\045TP3==:13)p FC(\))f(or)i(T)m(ransmit)e(P)o(ort)i(3)g -(register.)31 b(This)18 b(register)h(is)f(the)g(p)q(ort)g(3)g(analog)f(of)154 -1221 y Fu(NA\045TP0)12 b FC(register.)0 1306 y(14)112 b(T)m(oRet)19 -b(\()p Fu(NA\045TRT==:14)p FC(\):)27 b(when)21 b(the)f(CPU)g(has)g(a)f -(receiv)o(e)i(MCB)g(for)e(the)h(XNI)1505 1302 y(-)1517 1306 -y(1,)h(it)e(stores)i(the)154 1356 y(address)15 b(of)e(that)h(MCB)g(in)g(this) -g(register,)g(pro)o(vided)g(the)g(register)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(are)f(already)f -(zero.)0 1442 y(15)112 b(T)m(oRef)10 b(\()p Fu(NA\045TRD==:15)p -FC(\):)k(when)e(the)g(CPU)g(has)f(an)g(MCB)h(describing)f(a)g(receiv)o(ed)i -(message)e(that)g(m)o(ust)154 1491 y(b)q(e)h(reformatted)f(b)o(y)g(the)i(the) -f(XNI)706 1487 y(-)718 1491 y(1,)f(it)h(places)g(the)g(address)h(of)e(the)h -(MCB)g(in)g(this)f(register,)i(pro)o(vided)154 1541 y(the)h(register)h(con)o -(ten)o(ts)g(are)f(already)g(zero.)0 1627 y(16)112 b(T)m(oMcm)19 -b(\()p Fu(NA\045MCM==:16)p FC(\):)32 b(this)21 b(register)i(is)f(written)g(b) -o(y)f(the)h(CPU)g(\(assuming)e(the)i(register)h(is)154 1677 -y(nonzero\).)29 b(The)18 b(address)g(of)f(a)g(MCB)h(is)f(written)h(in)o(to)f -(this)g(register.)30 b(Curren)o(tly)18 b(there)g(is)g(no)f(de-)154 -1726 y(\014ned)e(pro)q(cessing)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(XNI)666 1722 -y(-)678 1726 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de.)20 b(This)14 b(register)i(and)f(F)m(rRmc) -e(are)i(reserv)o(ed)h(for)e(future)154 1776 y(out{of{band)e(comm)o(unication) -f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)k(the)f(XNI)992 1772 y(-)1005 1776 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de)h -(and)f(the)i(CPU.)0 1862 y(17)112 b(F)m(rRmc)10 b(\()p Fu(NA\045RMC==:17)p -FC(\):)15 b(this)e(register)g(is)f(written)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(XNI)1205 -1858 y(-)1217 1862 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de,)f(to)h(return)i(the)f(MCB)154 -1912 y(that)h(w)o(as)g(pro)q(cessed)j(in)d(resp)q(onse)i(to)e(the)h(CPU)g -(writing)e(in)o(to)h(T)m(oMcm.)j(Curren)o(tly)e(this)g(register)g(is)154 -1961 y(not)e(used.)0 2047 y(20{37)49 b(Un)o(used.)0 2191 y -Fz(3.13.2.2)f(XNI)300 2187 y(-)314 2191 y(1)16 b(Data)g(Register)d(Addresses) -0 2303 y FC(The)h(data)f(registers)j(are)e(in)f(addresses)i(40{7777.)i(The)d -(region)f(40{177)f(is)i(reserv)o(ed)h(b)o(y)f(XNI)1506 2299 -y(-)1518 2303 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de)g(for)0 2353 y(Result)h(Blo)q(c)o(ks)g -(and)g(for)f(iden)o(ti\014cation)h(data.)0 2438 y(The)19 b(iden)o -(ti\014cation)e(data)h(o)q(ccupies)h(\014xed)f(lo)q(cations)g(starting)g(at)g -Fu(.NABSB==:102)p FC(.)28 b(The)19 b(addresses)h(in)d(the)0 -2488 y(iden)o(ti\014cation)c(region)h(are)g(giv)o(en)g(sym)o(b)q(olic)e -(names)h(that)h(are)g(o\013sets)h(from)d Fu(.NABSB)p FC(,)g(as)i(follo)o(ws:) -0 2615 y Fu(.NAUVR==:0)58 b FC(This)14 b(lo)q(cation)f(con)o(tains)h(the)g -(micro)q(co)q(de)g(v)o(ersion)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)p eop -%%Page: 335 139 -335 138 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.13.)31 b(XNI)347 46 y(-)359 50 y(1)13 -b(NETW)o(ORK)h(AD)o(APTER)1045 b FC(335)150 195 y Fu(.NASN==:1)80 -b FC(Bits)14 b(12{35)f(of)g(this)h(lo)q(cation)f(con)o(tain)h(the)g(serial)g -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(this)h(XNI)1604 191 y(-)1616 195 y(1)g(in)o(terface)g -(b)q(oard.)150 272 y Fu(.NAPN0==:2)58 b FC(This)12 b(lo)q(cation)g(and)g -Fu(.NAPN1==:3)e FC(con)o(tain)i(the)h(48{bit)f(IEEE)h(MA)o(C)f(\(media)f -(access)j(con)o(trol\))428 322 y(address)g(for)e(the)h(p)q(ort)g(0)f(in)o -(terface.)18 b(The)13 b(MA)o(C)g(address)g(for)f(p)q(orts)i(1,)e(2,)g(and)g -(3)g(are)h(precisely)428 372 y(1,)g(2,)f(and)h(3)g(higher,)g(resp)q(ectiv)o -(ely)m(.)19 b(Bits)14 b(20{35)e(of)g Fu(.NAPN0)g FC(con)o(tain)h(the)h -(high{order)f(16)g(bits)428 421 y(of)i(the)i(MA)o(C)f(address,)h(and)f(bits)g -(4{35)f(of)g Fu(.NAPN1)g FC(con)o(tain)g(the)i(lo)o(w{order)f(32)f(bits)h(of) -f(the)428 471 y(MA)o(C)f(address.)150 583 y(The)g(remaining)e(data)i -(registers)h(are)f(divided)g(in)o(to)f(Message)i(Con)o(trol)e(Blo)q(c)o(ks,)h -(as)g(describ)q(ed)i(b)q(elo)o(w.)150 724 y Fz(3.13.2.3)48 -b(XNI)450 720 y(-)464 724 y(1)16 b(P)o(ac)o(k)o(et)f(Sno)q(op)f(Register)g -(Addresses)150 836 y FC(The)19 b(pac)o(k)o(et)g(sno)q(op)g(registers)h(are)f -(virtual)e(registers:)29 b(the)19 b(XNI)1226 832 y(-)1239 836 -y(1)f(in)o(ternal)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(resp)q(onds)i(to)e(read)150 -886 y(requests)k(addressed)g(in)e(the)h(range)g(10000{17777)c(b)o(y)k -(supplying)e(information)f(from)g(its)j(in)o(ternal)f(pac)o(k)o(et)150 -936 y(bu\013er)15 b(memory)m(.)g(This)f(area)g(is)g(curren)o(tly)g(not)g -(used.)150 1085 y Fy(3.13.3)55 b(Comm)n(unication)17 b(Bet)n(w)n(een)h(the)g -(CPU)i(and)f(the)f(XNI)1533 1081 y(-)1549 1085 y(1)150 1198 -y FC(The)11 b(usual)g(form)f(of)g(comm)o(unication)e(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)k(the)g -(op)q(erating)f(system)g(and)f(device)i(in)o(v)o(olv)o(es)e(a)h(data)g -(structure)150 1247 y(called)k(a)g(Message)h(Con)o(trol)e(Blo)q(c)o(k)i -(\(MCB\).)f(MCBs)h(are)f(con)o(tained)h(within)e(the)i(Data)e(Register)i -(memory)d(of)150 1297 y(the)h(XNI)300 1293 y(-)313 1297 y(1.)150 -1383 y(The)j(XNI)317 1379 y(-)329 1383 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de)g(creates)i -(MCBs)g(in)e(resp)q(onse)i(to)e(a)g(command)e(from)h(the)i(CPU.)f(This)g -(list)g(of)g(a)o(v)n(ail-)150 1433 y(able/free)d(MCBs)g(is)f(k)o(ept)h(on{b)q -(oard)f(\(in)g(the)h(XNI)974 1429 y(-)987 1433 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de\))g(and) -g(the)h(CPU)g(can)g(request)h(free)f(MCBs)g(b)o(y)150 1482 -y(issuing)h(a)f(command)e(to)j(XNI)640 1478 y(-)652 1482 y(1)g(micro)q(co)q -(de.)150 1568 y(During)d(system)g(startup,)h(the)g(CPU)g(system)f(co)q(de)h -(requests)h(10)e(free)h(MCBs)g(for)f(eac)o(h)h(in)o(terface)g(that)f(has)h(b) -q(een)150 1618 y(con\014gured.)18 b(The)13 b(10)e(MCBs)i(are)f(asso)q(ciated) -h(with)f(system)g(memory;)e(the)i(system)g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(then)h(returns)g -(the)150 1668 y(list)i(of)g(initialized)f(input)h(MCBs)h(to)f(the)h(XNI)908 -1664 y(-)920 1668 y(1)f(via)g(the)h(\\T)m(oRet")e(con)o(trol)h(register.)1554 -1653 y Fn(40)1613 1668 y FC(The)h(XNI)1779 1664 y(-)1791 1668 -y(1)f(retains)150 1717 y(the)f(input)g(MCBs)h(un)o(til)e(messages)h(arriv)o -(e.)150 1803 y(When)j(a)g(message)f(is)h(receiv)o(ed)h(from)d(the)i(net)o(w)o -(ork,)h(the)f(XNI)1183 1799 y(-)1195 1803 y(1)g(remo)o(v)o(es)f(an)h(input)f -(MCB)h(from)e(its)i(list)g(of)150 1853 y(idle)e(input)h(MCBs)g(and,)g(using)g -(the)g(data)g(within)f(the)h(MCB,)g(whic)o(h)f(describ)q(es)j(a)e(region)f -(in)h(main)d(memory)m(,)150 1903 y(stores)j(the)f(input)g(message)f(in)h -(main)d(memory)m(.)18 b(The)d(XNI)1108 1899 y(-)1120 1903 y(1)g(then)g(giv)o -(es)g(the)g(MCB)h(to)e(the)i(CPU)f(b)o(y)f(storing)150 1952 -y(the)19 b(MCB's)f(address)h(in)f(the)h(\\F)m(romR)o(CV")c(con)o(trol)j -(register)h(and)f(requesting)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt.)32 b(Ev)o(en)o(tually)m(,) -150 2002 y(the)15 b(op)q(erating)f(system)g(will)f(pro)q(cess)j(the)f -(incoming)d(message;)i(then)h(it)f(returns)i(the)f(MCB)g(to)f(the)h(XNI)1859 -1998 y(-)1871 2002 y(1)f(b)o(y)150 2052 y(storing)g(the)g(address)h(of)f(the) -g(MCB)g(in)g(the)g(\\T)m(oRet")f(con)o(trol)h(register.)150 -2138 y(F)m(or)d(messages)g(to)h(b)q(e)g(output,)f(the)h(op)q(erating)g -(system)f(uses)i(an)e(output)g(MCB)h(tak)o(en)g(from)d(its)j(list)f(\(the)h -(t)o(ypical)150 2187 y(list)g(of)f(output)i(MCBs)g(is)f(one\).)18 -b(It)12 b(\014lls)g(in)f(the)i(in{memory)c(address,)14 b(the)f(size)g(of)e -(the)i(output)f(message)g(bu\013er,)150 2237 y(and)18 b(format)e(con)o(trol.) -30 b(The)19 b(op)q(erating)f(system)f(then)i(passes)h(the)e(address)h(of)f -(the)h(MCB)f(in)g(the)g(\\T)m(oPr)p Fx(n)s FC(")150 2287 y(con)o(trol)f -(register,)i(where)f Fx(n)i FC(corresp)q(onds)g(to)d(the)g(p)q(ort)h(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)e(that)h(is)g(to)g(b)q(e)h(used)g(for)f(transmitting)e(the)150 -2337 y(message.)j(After)c(the)h(XNI)585 2333 y(-)597 2337 y(1)e(Net)o(w)o -(ork)h(Adapter)h(has)f(copied)g(the)h(transmitted)e(data)g(in)o(to)h(its)f -(lo)q(cal)g(memory)m(,)150 2387 y(it)h(returns)h(the)f(MCB)h(in)e(the)i(\\F)m -(romXR")c(con)o(trol)j(register,)g(and)g(requests)i(an)d(in)o(terrupt.)150 -2472 y(As)i(describ)q(ed)g(earlier)g(in)e(this)h(do)q(cumen)o(t,)g(if)f(a)h -(\\T)m(o)p Fx(xxx)5 b FC(")13 b(register)i(is)f(non{zero)h(when)g(the)f(op)q -(erating)g(system)150 2522 y(soft)o(w)o(are)e(w)o(an)o(ts)h(to)f(write)g(to)g -(it,)g(the)h(system)f(builds)g(a)g(list)g(of)f(p)q(ending)i(messages)f(un)o -(til)f(the)i(register)h(b)q(ecomes)p 150 2551 720 2 v 181 2577 -a Fm(40)214 2589 y Fl(The)e(action)e(of)i(reading)e(or)i(writing)g(a)g(con)o -(trol)e(register)h(is)h(noticed)e(b)o(y)i(the)f(XNI)1341 2586 -y(-)1352 2589 y(1)h(micropro)q(ce)o(ssor,)d(so)j(no)g(other)f(action)f(is)150 -2629 y(needed)g(to)h(alert)f(the)h(XNI)521 2626 y(-)531 2629 -y(1)h(to)f(incoming)e(messages.)p eop -%%Page: 336 140 -336 139 bop 0 50 a FC(336)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)0 195 y FC(zero.)85 180 -y Fn(41)139 195 y FC(Similarly)l(,)c(when)15 b(the)f(XNI)582 -191 y(-)594 195 y(1)f(w)o(an)o(ts)h(to)f(store)i(an)f(MCB)g(address)h(in)e(a) -g(\\F)m(rom)p Fx(xxx)5 b FC(")12 b(register,)j(it)e(m)o(ust)0 -245 y(w)o(ait)k(un)o(til)g(that)h(register)h(is)e(zero;)j(while)e(w)o -(aiting,)f(it)g(collects)h(p)q(ending)g(messages)g(\(MCBs\))h(in)e(a)h(list)f -(and)0 295 y(stores)e(the)g(list)e(head)h(in)g(\\F)m(rom)p -Fx(xxx)5 b FC(")12 b(when)i(it)g(is)g(able)f(to)h(do)g(so.)0 -438 y Fz(3.13.3.1)48 b(Message)16 b(Con)o(trol)d(Blo)q(c)o(k)0 -551 y FC(The)h(format)f(of)g(a)h(Message)h(Con)o(trol)e(Blo)q(c)o(k)h(is)g -(dep)q(enden)o(t)i(on)d(its)h(use.)19 b(The)c(format)d(of)h(a)h(transmit)f -(Message)0 601 y(Con)o(trol)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)h(is)g(depicted)h(b)q(elo)o(w)e(in) -h(Figure)g(3.8:)255 735 y Fy(Figure)k(3.8:)24 b(T)-5 b(ransmit)17 -b(Message)i(Con)n(trol)g(Blo)r(c)n(k)e(F)-5 b(ormat)p 153 1621 -1495 2 v 152 1620 2 831 v 153 791 1495 2 v 1646 1620 2 831 -v 277 1633 2 13 v 401 1633 V 526 1633 V 650 1633 V 775 1633 -V 899 1641 2 21 v 1024 1633 2 13 v 1148 1633 V 1273 1633 V -1397 1633 V 1522 1633 V 153 1517 1495 2 v 153 1413 V 153 1310 -V 153 1206 V 153 1102 V 153 998 V 153 894 V 1610 1650 a Fn(35)p -1646 894 2 104 v -1479 w(0)p 152 894 V 734 856 a Fx(Link)15 -b(to)g(next)g(MCB)207 1650 y Fn(1)p 235 997 V -59 w(0)p 152 -997 V 185 954 a Fx(x)863 1650 y Fn(17)p 899 997 V -649 w(2)p -235 997 V 492 960 a Fx(F)m(ormat0)946 1650 y Fn(19)p 982 997 -V -76 w(18)p 899 997 V 932 954 a Fx(x)1610 1650 y Fn(35)p 1646 -997 V -657 w(20)p 982 997 V 1244 956 a Fx(L)n(ength0)1610 1650 -y Fn(35)p 1646 1101 V -1479 w(0)p 152 1101 V 713 1064 a Fx(Bus)h(A)n(ddr)n -(ess)e(Wor)n(d)h(0)207 1650 y Fn(1)p 235 1205 V -59 w(0)p 152 -1205 V 185 1162 a Fx(x)863 1650 y Fn(17)p 899 1205 V -649 w(2)p -235 1205 V 492 1167 a Fx(F)m(ormat1)946 1650 y Fn(19)p 982 -1205 V -76 w(18)p 899 1205 V 932 1162 a Fx(x)1610 1650 y Fn(35)p -1646 1205 V -657 w(20)p 982 1205 V 1244 1163 a Fx(L)n(ength1)1610 -1650 y Fn(35)p 1646 1309 V -1479 w(0)p 152 1309 V 713 1271 -a Fx(Bus)h(A)n(ddr)n(ess)e(Wor)n(d)h(1)207 1650 y Fn(1)p 235 -1413 V -59 w(0)p 152 1413 V 185 1370 a Fx(x)863 1650 y Fn(17)p -899 1413 V -649 w(2)p 235 1413 V 492 1375 a Fx(F)m(ormat2)946 -1650 y Fn(19)p 982 1413 V -76 w(18)p 899 1413 V 932 1370 a -Fx(x)1610 1650 y Fn(35)p 1646 1413 V -657 w(20)p 982 1413 V -1244 1371 a Fx(L)n(ength2)1610 1650 y Fn(35)p 1646 1516 V -1479 -w(0)p 152 1516 V 713 1479 a Fx(Bus)h(A)n(ddr)n(ess)e(Wor)n(d)h(2)1610 -1650 y Fn(35)p 1646 1620 V -1479 w(0)p 152 1620 V 709 1579 -a Fx(CPU)f(Cel)r(l)g(\(R)n(eserve)n(d\))573 1734 y FC(\()p -Fx(x)19 b FC(denotes)c(\014elds)f(not)g(presen)o(tly)h(used.)1647 -1745 y(\))0 1878 y(The)f(meaning)e(of)i(the)g(\014elds)g(in)g(the)g(transmit) -f(Message)i(Con)o(trol)e(Blo)q(c)o(k)h(is)g(as)g(follo)o(ws:)0 -1945 y Fx(Link)152 b FC(This)14 b(is)f(a)h(link)f(to)h(the)g(next)g(MCB)h(on) -e(the)i(list.)i(Zero)e(means)e(no)h(further)h(items)d(on)i(the)h(list.)0 -2041 y Fx(F)m(ormat0)80 b FC(The)17 b(format)d(\014eld)i(describ)q(es)j(the)e -(mo)q(de)e(of)h(transfer)h(that)f(is)h(to)f(b)q(e)h(p)q(erformed)f(on)g(the)h -(data.)233 2091 y(The)d(format)e(\014eld)i(is)g(brok)o(en)g(do)o(wn)g(in)o -(to)189 2185 y(3b17)49 b(Tw)o(o)18 b(bits)h(of)f(information)e(to)i(describ)q -(e)i(the)g(b)o(yte)f(o\013set)g(to)g(start)g(data)f(transfer)i(from)324 -2235 y(bu\013er)14 b(0)e(memory)e(lo)q(cation)h(i.e.)17 b(0)12 -b(w)o(ould)g(start)h(on)f(b)o(yte)h(1;)f(1)h(w)o(ould)e(start)i(on)f(b)o(yte) -h(2)f(etc.)189 2301 y(1b15)49 b(One)16 b(bit)f(of)f(information)e(to)j(the)h -(describ)q(e)h(the)e(b)o(yte)h(o\013set)g(in)o(to)e(the)i(XNI)1554 -2297 y(-)1566 2301 y(1)f(memory)d(to)324 2351 y(start)j(storing)e(the)i -(bu\013er)g(0)e(data.)18 b(This)c(bit)f(is)h(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(set)i(to)f(0.)189 -2417 y(7b14)49 b(Three)16 b(bits)f(of)g(information)d(to)j(describ)q(e)h(ho)o -(w)f(the)h(data)e(is)h(stored)h(in)f(bu\013er)h(0)e(memory)m(.)324 -2467 y(This)g(\014eld)g(can)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(the)g(follo)o(wing)d(v)n(alues:) -331 2538 y(0)50 b(16)13 b(bit)h(mo)q(de.)p 0 2564 720 2 v 31 -2591 a Fm(41)64 2603 y Fl(The)d(XNI)203 2600 y(-)213 2603 y(1)h(ma)o(y)e(b)q -(e)h(fast)g(enough)f(so)h(that)f(a)i(CPU)g(will)g(not)f(ev)o(er)f(\014nd)h(a) -g(\\T)m(o)p Ff(xxx)t Fl(")i(register)d(busy)m(.)p eop -%%Page: 337 141 -337 140 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.13.)31 b(XNI)347 46 y(-)359 50 y(1)13 -b(NETW)o(ORK)h(AD)o(APTER)1045 b FC(337)481 195 y(1)50 b(32)13 -b(bit)h(mo)q(de.)481 253 y(2)50 b(36)13 b(bit)h(mo)q(de.)481 -311 y(3)50 b(35)13 b(bit)h(mo)q(de.)481 369 y(4)50 b(16)13 -b(bit)h(b)o(yte)g(sw)o(appp)q(ed.)481 428 y(5)50 b(9)13 b(bit)h(mo)q(de.)339 -498 y(1b11)49 b(The)14 b(start)h(bit.)j(This)13 b(bit)h Fz(m)o(ust)e -FC(b)q(e)j(set)g(for)e(the)i(transfer)f(to)g(b)q(egin.)360 -565 y(1b3)49 b(The)15 b(LOOPBA)o(CK)h(bit,)e(set)h(to)f(indicate)h(lo)q -(opbac)o(k)e(mo)q(de.)19 b(If)14 b(this)g(bit)g(is)h(set)g(the)g(XNI)1917 -561 y(-)1929 565 y(1)474 614 y(micro)q(co)q(de)f(will)f(not)h(transfer)i(the) -f(data)f(on)o(to)g(the)h(wire.)k(The)c(transmit)e(data)h(will)f(b)q(e)i(b)q -(e)474 664 y(lo)q(op)q(ed)j(bac)o(k)f(within)g(the)h(XNI)999 -660 y(-)1011 664 y(1)g(and)f(the)h(CPU)g(will)e(see)j(the)f(datagram)e(as)h -(a)h(receiv)o(e)474 714 y(datagram.)360 780 y(1b2)49 b(The)16 -b(MORE)f(bit.)21 b(When)15 b(set)h(this)f(indicates)g(that)g(at)g(least)g -(one)h(more)e(bu\013er)i(is)e(presen)o(t)474 830 y(in)h(this)h(transmit)e -(MCB.)i(If)f(this)h(bit)f(is)g(0;)h(the)g(en)o(tire)h(transmit)d(datagram)g -(is)h(describ)q(ed)474 880 y(b)o(y)f(F)m(ormat0)e(and)h(Length0)h(and)g(is)g -(con)o(tained)g(in)f(the)i(bu\013er)f(0)g(lo)q(cation.)150 -966 y Fx(L)n(ength0)92 b FC(The)18 b(Length0)f(\014eld)h(\(177777b35\))d(con) -o(tains)j(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(8{bit)g(b)o(ytes)h(to)f(b)q(e)h -(transferred)383 1015 y(from)f(the)j(bu\013er)h(0)e(lo)q(cation)f(in)o(to)h -(the)h(XNI)1137 1011 y(-)1149 1015 y(1's)f(on{b)q(oard)g(memory)d(under)21 -b(the)e(con)o(trol)h(of)383 1065 y(F)m(ormat0.)150 1161 y Fx(Bus)150 -1211 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)150 1260 y(Wor)n(d)15 b(0)383 1161 y FC(This)e(is)f(a)h -(bus)g(address)h(w)o(ord)f(that)g(de\014nes)h(the)f(lo)q(cation)f(of)g(the)i -(bu\013er0)f(area)g(assigned)g(to)g(this)383 1211 y(MCB.)22 -b(The)15 b(XNI)679 1207 y(-)691 1211 y(1)g(accepts)i(only)d(bus)i(address)g -(w)o(ords)f(in)g(whic)o(h)g Fx(D)t FC(,)g(the)g(device)h(bit,)f(is)g(zero.) -383 1260 y(This)f(\014eld)g(is)f(set)i(b)o(y)f(the)g(op)q(erating)g(system.) -150 1356 y Fx(F)m(ormat1)80 b FC(This)14 b(\014eld)h(is)f(used)i(b)o(y)e(the) -h(XNI)916 1352 y(-)928 1356 y(1)f(only)g(if)g(the)h(MORE)f(bit)g(is)h(set)g -(in)f(the)h(F)m(ormat0)e(\014eld.)20 b(The)383 1406 y(\014eld)14 -b(de\014nition)f(is)g(iden)o(tical)h(to)f(the)h(description)h(of)e(F)m -(ormat0)e(except)16 b(that)d(they)i(relate)f(to)f(the)383 1456 -y Fx(Bus)i(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(Wor)n(d)g(1)k FC(and)14 b Fx(L)n(ength1)20 -b FC(\014elds.)150 1551 y Fx(L)n(ength1)92 b FC(This)10 b(\014eld)h(con)o -(tains)f(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(8{bit)g(b)o(ytes)h(to)f(b)q(e)h -(transferred)h(from)d(the)i(bu\013er)h(1)e(lo)q(cation)383 -1601 y(in)o(to)j(the)i(XNI)618 1597 y(-)630 1601 y(1's)e(on{b)q(oard)h -(memory)d(under)k(the)f(con)o(trol)g(of)f(F)m(ormat1.)150 1696 -y Fx(Bus)150 1746 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)150 1796 y(Wor)n(d)i(1)383 -1696 y FC(This)d(is)g(a)f(bus)i(address)g(w)o(ord)f(that)g(de\014nes)i(the)e -(lo)q(cation)g(of)f(the)i(bu\013er)g(1)e(area)i(assigned)f(to)g(this)383 -1746 y(MCB.)22 b(The)15 b(XNI)679 1742 y(-)691 1746 y(1)g(accepts)i(only)d -(bus)i(address)g(w)o(ords)f(in)g(whic)o(h)g Fx(D)t FC(,)g(the)g(device)h -(bit,)f(is)g(zero.)383 1796 y(This)f(\014eld)g(is)f(set)i(b)o(y)f(the)g(op)q -(erating)g(system.)150 1892 y Fx(F)m(ormat2)80 b FC(This)14 -b(\014eld)h(is)f(used)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(XNI)916 1888 y(-)928 -1892 y(1)f(only)g(if)g(the)h(MORE)f(bit)g(is)h(set)g(in)f(the)h(F)m(ormat1)e -(\014eld.)20 b(The)383 1941 y(\014eld)14 b(de\014nition)f(is)g(iden)o(tical)h -(to)f(the)h(description)h(of)e(F)m(ormat1)e(except)16 b(that)d(they)i(relate) -f(to)f(the)383 1991 y Fx(Bus)i(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(Wor)n(d)g(2)k -FC(and)14 b Fx(L)n(ength2)h FC(\014elds.)150 2087 y Fx(L)n(ength2)92 -b FC(This)10 b(\014eld)h(con)o(tains)f(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(8{bit)g -(b)o(ytes)h(to)f(b)q(e)h(transferred)h(from)d(the)i(bu\013er)h(2)e(lo)q -(cation)383 2137 y(in)o(to)j(the)i(XNI)618 2133 y(-)630 2137 -y(1's)e(on{b)q(oard)h(memory)d(under)k(the)f(con)o(trol)g(of)f(F)m(ormat2.) -150 2232 y Fx(Bus)150 2282 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)150 2332 y(Wor)n(d)i(2)383 -2232 y FC(This)d(is)g(a)f(bus)i(address)g(w)o(ord)f(that)g(de\014nes)i(the)e -(lo)q(cation)g(of)f(the)i(bu\013er)g(2)e(area)i(assigned)f(to)g(this)383 -2282 y(MCB.)22 b(The)15 b(XNI)679 2278 y(-)691 2282 y(1)g(accepts)i(only)d -(bus)i(address)g(w)o(ords)f(in)g(whic)o(h)g Fx(D)t FC(,)g(the)g(device)h -(bit,)f(is)g(zero.)383 2332 y(This)f(\014eld)g(is)f(set)i(b)o(y)f(the)g(op)q -(erating)g(system.)150 2427 y Fx(CPU)h(Cel)r(l)150 2477 y(r)n(eserve)n(d)383 -2427 y FC(This)10 b(cell)g(is)g(used)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(system)g(soft)o(w)o(are) -h(to)f(correlate)h(a)e(transmit)g(MCBs)i(with)f(its)g(asso)q(ciated)383 -2477 y(system)15 b(resources)k(\(caller,)d(virtual)f(addresses)j(of)d(the)h -(transmitted)g(datagram)d(etc\);)18 b(it)d(is)h(not)383 2527 -y(used)f(b)o(y)e(the)i(XNI)686 2523 y(-)698 2527 y(1)e(micro)q(co)q(de.)p -eop -%%Page: 338 142 -338 141 bop 0 50 a FC(338)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)272 230 y Fy(Figure)k(3.9:)24 -b(Receiv)n(e)17 b(Message)h(Con)n(trol)h(Blo)r(c)n(k)f(F)-5 -b(ormat)p 153 1116 1495 2 v 152 1115 2 831 v 153 286 1495 2 -v 1646 1115 2 831 v 277 1128 2 13 v 401 1128 V 526 1128 V 650 -1128 V 775 1128 V 899 1136 2 21 v 1024 1128 2 13 v 1148 1128 -V 1273 1128 V 1397 1128 V 1522 1128 V 153 1012 1495 2 v 153 -909 V 153 805 V 153 701 V 153 597 V 153 493 V 153 390 V 1610 -1145 a Fn(35)p 1646 389 2 104 v -1479 w(0)p 152 389 V 734 351 -a Fx(Link)15 b(to)g(next)g(MCB)290 1145 y Fn(3)p 318 493 V --142 w(0)p 152 493 V 195 455 a Fx(Port)946 1145 y Fn(19)p 982 -493 V -649 w(4)p 318 493 V 453 451 a Fx(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(Filter)e(Output)1610 -1145 y Fn(35)p 1646 493 V -657 w(20)p 982 493 V 1255 451 a -Fx(L)n(ength)1610 1145 y Fn(35)p 1646 596 V -1479 w(0)p 152 -596 V 555 555 a Fx(Bu\013er)i(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(\(a)g(Bus)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g -(Wor)n(d\))207 1145 y Fn(1)p 235 700 V -59 w(0)p 152 700 V -185 657 a Fx(x)863 1145 y Fn(17)p 899 700 V -649 w(2)p 235 -700 V 397 663 a Fx(36-bit)g(Wor)n(d)g(Count)946 1145 y Fn(19)p -982 700 V -76 w(18)p 899 700 V 932 657 a Fx(x)1610 1145 y Fn(35)p -1646 700 V -657 w(20)p 982 700 V 1186 658 a Fx(Bytes)g(Waiting)207 -1145 y Fn(1)p 235 804 V -59 w(0)p 152 804 V 185 761 a Fx(x)863 -1145 y Fn(17)p 899 804 V -649 w(2)p 235 804 V 451 762 a Fx(Memd)h(O\013set) -946 1145 y Fn(19)p 982 804 V -76 w(18)p 899 804 V 932 761 a -Fx(x)1610 1145 y Fn(35)p 1646 804 V -657 w(20)p 982 804 V 1157 -762 a Fx(Bytes)f(to)g(T)m(r)n(ansfer)946 1145 y Fn(19)p 982 -908 V -815 w(0)p 152 908 V 558 865 a Fx(x)1610 1145 y Fn(35)p -1646 908 V -657 w(20)p 982 908 V 1174 870 a Fx(F)m(ormat)g(Contr)n(ol)1610 -1145 y Fn(35)p 1646 1011 V -1479 w(0)p 152 1011 V 709 970 a -Fx(CPU)f(Cel)r(l)g(\(R)n(eserve)n(d\))1610 1145 y Fn(35)p 1646 -1115 V -1479 w(0)p 152 1115 V 663 1074 a Fx(Micr)n(o)n(c)n(o)n(de)h(Cel)r(l)f -(\(R)n(eserve)n(d\))564 1229 y FC(\()p Fx(x)20 b FC(denotes)15 -b(\014elds)f(not)g(presen)o(tly)h(used.\))0 1406 y(The)j(format)e(of)g(a)i -(receiv)o(e)g(Message)h(Con)o(trol)e(Blo)q(c)o(k)g(is)h(depicted)g(in)f -(Figure)h(3.9.)28 b(The)18 b(data)f(\014elds)h(are)g(as)0 1456 -y(follo)o(ws:)0 1523 y Fx(Link)152 b FC(This)14 b(is)f(a)h(link)f(to)h(the)g -(next)g(MCB)h(on)e(the)i(list.)i(Zero)e(means)e(no)h(further)h(items)d(on)i -(the)h(list.)0 1619 y Fx(Port)152 b FC(The)18 b(p)q(ort)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(of)g(the)g(particular)g(ethernet)j(in)o(terface)e(that)f(this)g(message)g(w) -o(as)h(receiv)o(ed)233 1669 y(on.)g(F)m(or)13 b(the)h(XNI)531 -1665 y(-)543 1669 y(1)f(the)h(legal)f(p)q(ort)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(are)f(in)g -(the)i(range)e(0{3.)k(This)d(\014eld)f(is)h(set)g(b)o(y)f(the)233 -1718 y(CPU)h(when)g(it)g(con)o(tructs)h(the)g(receiv)o(e)g(MCB.)0 -1814 y Fx(A)n(ddr)n(ess)0 1864 y(Filter)0 1914 y(Output)233 -1814 y FC(T)m(o)f(assist)h(in)f(the)h(classi\014cation)f(of)g(receiv)o(ed)i -(datagrams,)c(the)j(XNI)1345 1810 y(-)1357 1814 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de)h -(deliv)o(ers)f(the)233 1864 y(status)g(of)f(the)h(address)h(\014lter)f(for)f -(this)g(datagram.)j(The)e(system)f(soft)o(w)o(are)h(con)o(trols)f(the)i -(setting)233 1914 y(of)10 b(the)i(address)g(\014lter)f(and)g(the)g(p)q -(ossible)g(v)n(alues)g(that)g(can)g(b)q(e)g(deliv)o(ered)h(b)o(y)e(the)i(XNI) -f(micro)q(co)q(de.)0 2009 y Fx(Data)0 2059 y(L)n(ength)233 -2009 y FC(The)j(length)h(of)e(the)i(receiv)o(ed)g(datagram,)d(in)i(8{bit)f(b) -o(ytes.)20 b(The)15 b(XNI)1369 2005 y(-)1381 2009 y(1)f(stores)h(this)f(coun) -o(t)h(in)o(to)233 2059 y(the)f(MCB)h(b)q(efore)f(deliv)o(ering)f(the)i -(receiv)o(e)g(MCB)f(to)g(the)g(system)g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(\(see)h(description) -g(of)233 2109 y(\\F)m(romR)o(CV"\).)0 2204 y Fx(Bu\013er)0 -2254 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)233 2204 y FC(A)f(bus)g(address)h(w)o(ord,)e(sp)q -(ecifying)g(the)h(lo)q(cation)f(where)i(to)e(store)i(the)f(receiv)o(e)h -(datagram.)h(This)233 2254 y(v)n(alue)k(is)g(set)i(up)f(b)o(y)f(the)i(system) -e(soft)o(w)o(are)h(b)q(efore)g(it)g(writes)g(the)g(MCB)g(address)h(in)o(to)e -(the)233 2304 y(\\T)m(oRed".)0 2400 y Fx(36{bit)0 2449 y(Wor)n(d)0 -2499 y(Count)233 2400 y FC(Set)12 b(b)o(y)g(the)g(system)g(soft)o(w)o(are.)17 -b(This)12 b(\014eld)f(con)o(tains)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(system)g -(memory)e(lo)q(cations)233 2449 y(that)j(can)g(b)q(e)g(written)h(in)o(to)e(b) -o(y)h(the)g(XNI)879 2445 y(-)891 2449 y(1)g(micro)q(co)q(de.)17 -b(The)12 b(XNI)1300 2445 y(-)1312 2449 y(1)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(uses)j(this)e -(v)n(alue)233 2499 y(to)k(determine)g(ho)o(w)f(man)o(y)f(lo)q(cations)i(can)g -(b)q(e)h(written)f(in)o(to,)g(starting)f(at)h(the)h(Bu\013er)g(Address)233 -2549 y(lo)q(cation.)30 b(If)18 b(this)h(v)n(alue)f(is)g(zero)h(\(0\),)g(the)g -(en)o(tire)g(receiv)o(ed)h(datagram)c(can)j(b)q(e)g(written)g(in)o(to)233 -2599 y(system)14 b(memory)d(b)o(y)j(the)g(XNI)739 2595 y(-)751 -2599 y(1)g(starting)g(at)f(the)i(address)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)f(the)h -(Bu\013er)g(Address.)p eop -%%Page: 339 143 -339 142 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.13.)31 b(XNI)347 46 y(-)359 50 y(1)13 -b(NETW)o(ORK)h(AD)o(APTER)1045 b FC(339)150 195 y Fx(Bytes)150 -245 y(Waiting)383 195 y FC(This)18 b(v)n(alue)f(is)h(set)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(XNI) -925 191 y(-)937 195 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de)f(when)i(a)f(datagram)e(has)i(only) -f(b)q(een)j(partially)383 245 y(transferred)c(in)o(to)e(system)g(memory)m(.)k -(This)c(o)q(ccurs)i(when)f(the)g(36{bit)f(W)m(ord)g(Coun)o(t)g(is)h(not)f -(suf-)383 295 y(\014cien)o(t)g(to)g(allo)o(w)e(the)j(XNI)815 -291 y(-)827 295 y(1)e(hardw)o(are/micro)q(co)q(de)h(to)g(transfer)h(the)f(en) -o(tire)h(receiv)o(e)g(datagram)383 345 y(in)o(to)g(system)h(memory)m(.)22 -b(This)16 b(coun)o(t)g(tells)h(the)f(system)g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(ho)o(w)g(man)o -(y)e(8{bit)i(b)o(ytes)h(are)383 394 y(still)c(w)o(aiting)f(to)i(b)q(e)g -(transferred)i(in)o(to)d(system)h(memory)m(.)150 490 y Fx(Memd)150 -540 y(O\013set)383 490 y FC(This)f(v)n(alue)f(is)h(v)n(alid)e(only)h(if)g -(the)i(Bytes)g(W)m(aiting)c(coun)o(t)k(is)e(non{zero.)19 b(On)13 -b(a)f(partially)g(receiv)o(ed)383 540 y(datagram,)h(the)k(en)o(tire)f(receiv) -o(e)h(datagram)d(still)g(resides)k(in)d(the)h(XNI)1523 536 -y(-)1535 540 y(1's)f(Memd.)23 b(The)16 b(Memd)383 590 y(O\013set)f(coun)o(ts) -f(ho)o(w)g(man)o(y)e(16{bit)g(items)h(from)f(Memd)h(w)o(ere)h(transferred)i -(to)d(system)h(memory;)383 639 y(that)j(is,)h(it)f(describ)q(es)i(the)f -(o\013set)g(to)g(\014nd)f(the)h(next)g(b)o(ytes)g(of)f(the)h(receiv)o(ed)g -(datagram.)27 b(It)17 b(is)383 689 y(used)f(b)o(y)f(the)g(XNI)689 -685 y(-)701 689 y(1)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(to)g(remem)o(b)q(er)f(where)i(to)f -(pic)o(kup)g(re{formatting)e(the)j(receiv)o(e)383 739 y(datagram.)i(A)c(zero) -h(o\013set)h(indicates)e(the)i(b)q(eginning)d(of)h(the)h(datagram.)j(This)c -(v)n(alue)g(could)g(b)q(e)383 789 y(c)o(hanged)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(system)g(soft) -o(w)o(are,)f(but)i(it)e(is)h(not)g(c)o(hanged)g(b)o(y)f(the)i(curren)o(t)g -(system)f(soft)o(w)o(are.)150 884 y Fx(Bytes)h(to)150 934 y(T)m(r)n(ansfer) -383 884 y FC(This)k(v)n(alue)g(is)h(set)g(to)g(CPU)f(soft)o(w)o(are)h(after)g -(it)f(has)h(receiv)o(ed)h(a)e(partial)g(receiv)o(e)h(datagram,)383 -934 y(i.e.)27 b(Bytes)18 b(W)m(aiting)d(is)i(non{zero.)28 b(When)17 -b(the)h(receiv)o(e)g(MCB)g(is)f(giv)o(en)f(bac)o(k)h(to)g(the)h(XNI)1906 -930 y(-)1918 934 y(1,)383 984 y(this)c(v)n(alue)g(tells)g(the)h(micro)q(co)q -(de)f(ho)o(w)g(man)o(y)e(b)o(ytes)j(to)f(transfer)i(in)o(to)d(the)i(new)g -(Receiv)o(e)g(Bu\013er)383 1034 y(Address.)150 1129 y Fx(F)m(ormat)150 -1179 y(Contr)n(ol)383 1129 y FC(This)f(v)n(alue)f(is)h(set)h(b)o(y)e(the)i -(CPU)f(soft)o(w)o(are)g(after)h(it)e(has)h(receiv)o(ed)i(a)d(partial)g -(receiv)o(e)i(datagram.)383 1179 y(It)c(con)o(trols)h(the)g(mo)q(de)f(of)f -(transfer)j(that)e(the)h(XNI)1189 1175 y(-)1202 1179 y(1)f(hardw)o(are)h -(will)e(p)q(erform)g(on)h(the)i(remainder)383 1229 y(of)h(this)g(datagram.)19 -b(The)c(format)d(of)i(this)h(\014eld)g(is)f(iden)o(tical)g(to)g(the)i(F)m -(ormat)c(\014eld)j(describ)q(ed)h(in)383 1279 y(the)e(transmit)f(MCB)h -(section.)150 1374 y Fx(CPU)h(Cel)r(l)56 b FC(This)11 b(cell)h(is)f(not)h -(used)h(b)o(y)e(the)h(XNI)954 1370 y(-)966 1374 y(1.)17 b(It)12 -b(is)g(reserv)o(ed)h(for)f(use)g(b)o(y)g(system)f(soft)o(w)o(are)h(to)f(asso) -q(ciate)383 1424 y(data)i(structures)k(with)c(this)h(MCB.)150 -1510 y Fx(Micr)n(o)n(c)n(o)n(de)150 1559 y(Cel)r(l)383 1510 -y FC(This)g(cell)g(is)f(reserv)o(ed)j(for)e(the)g(XNI)969 1506 -y(-)982 1510 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de,)g(whic)o(h)h(uses)h(it)f(to)g(asso)q -(ciate)g(an)g(MCB)g(with)383 1559 y(a)f(micro)q(co)q(de)h(data)f(structure)j -(\(Memd)e(address\).)150 1719 y Fy(3.13.4)55 b(Commands)17 -b(and)j(Result)d(Blo)r(c)n(ks)150 1831 y FC(A)11 b(command)c(and)j(resp)q -(onse)j(mec)o(hanism)8 b(is)i(implemen)o(ted)e(for)i(transactions,)i(suc)o(h) -f(as)f(status)i(inquiries,)e(whic)o(h)150 1881 y(do)k(not)h(require)g(large)f -(amoun)o(ts)f(of)h(data)g(transfer.)21 b(This)15 b(mec)o(hanism)d(has)i(b)q -(een)i(partially)d(describ)q(ed)j(in)e(the)150 1931 y(discussion)g(of)g(the)g -(con)o(trol)g(registers,)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)883 1916 y Fn(42)918 -1931 y FC(.)150 2016 y(Command)8 b(co)q(des)k(are)f(placed)h(in)e(bits)h -(28{35)f(of)g(the)i(command)c(register;)13 b(bits)e(0{27)f(of)g(the)i -(command)c(register)150 2066 y(are)14 b(reserv)o(ed)i(for)e(argumen)o(ts,)e -(if)h(an)o(y)m(.)18 b(The)c(follo)o(wing)d(commands)h(are)i(de\014ned:)150 -2193 y(001)49 b(Not)14 b(Used)150 2276 y(002)49 b(Create)15 -b(MCBs.)262 2343 y(The)10 b(system)f(soft)o(w)o(are)h(con)o(trols)g(the)g -(carving)f(up)h(of)f(XNI)1174 2339 y(-)1186 2343 y(1)g(memory)e(for)j(use)g -(of)f(MCBs.)17 b(This)10 b(command)262 2393 y(con)o(tains)15 -b(one)g(argumen)o(t:)j(the)d(size)h(of)e(eac)o(h)h(MCB.)f(The)i(maxim)n(um)10 -b(size)16 b(is)e(of)g(limited)f(b)o(y)h(the)h(width)262 2442 -y(of)g(the)h(argumen)o(t)f(\014eld.)23 b(In)16 b(this)f(command,)e(the)j -(argumen)o(t)f(\014eld)g(is)h(377b27.)22 b(If)15 b(the)h(CPU)g(soft)o(w)o -(are)262 2492 y(attempts)h(to)h(re{issue)h(this)f(command,)d(the)k(XNI)1100 -2488 y(-)1112 2492 y(1)e(will)f(return)j(the)g(curren)o(t)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e -(of)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)262 2542 y(MCBs,)12 b(i.e.)17 b(it)11 -b(remem)o(b)q(ers)g(that)g(it)g(has)h(already)f(created)i(MCBs)f(and)f(will)f -(not)h(pro)q(cess)i(the)f(command.)p 150 2577 720 2 v 181 2603 -a Fm(42)214 2615 y Fl(This)f(explanation)d(will)k(ha)o(v)o(e)e(to)h(b)q(e)g -(expanded)e(adapted)g(for)i(m)o(ulti{pro)q(cesso)o(r)e(systems.)p -eop -%%Page: 340 144 -340 143 bop 0 50 a FC(340)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)112 195 y FC(The)e(resp)q(onse)i -(register)f(will)e(con)o(tain)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(MCBs)g(that)g -(the)h(XNI)1355 191 y(-)1367 195 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de)f(has)h(created)112 -245 y(or)i(has)g(presen)o(tly)h(a)o(v)n(ailable.)0 328 y(003)49 -b(Request)15 b(free)g(MCBs.)112 394 y(This)g(command)d(is)i(issued)i(b)o(y)f -(the)g(system)g(soft)o(w)o(are)f(to)h(the)h(XNI)1201 390 y(-)1213 -394 y(1)e(micro)q(co)q(de)h(to)f(obtain)g(some)g(free)112 444 -y(MCBs.)27 b(This)17 b(command)d(con)o(tains)j(one)g(argumen)o(t)e(\(377b27)h -(i.e.)26 b(limited)15 b(to)h(255\):)23 b(the)18 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)112 -494 y(free)h(MCBs)f(requested.)26 b(If)15 b(the)i(CPU)f(soft)o(w)o(are)g -(requests)h(more)e(MCBs)i(than)e(the)i(XNI)1567 490 y(-)1579 -494 y(1)e(micro)q(co)q(de)112 544 y(has)g(a)o(v)n(ailable,)c(then)k(1b2)f -(will)f(b)q(e)i(set)g(in)f(the)h(command)c(register)16 b(and)e(the)h(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)e(a)o(v)n(ailable)g(will)f(b)q(e)112 594 y(returned)18 -b(in)d(77777b17)f(of)h(the)i(command)c(register.)25 b(If)15 -b(the)i(XNI)1197 590 y(-)1209 594 y(1)e(micro)q(co)q(de)g(has)h(su\016cen)o -(t)h(MCBs)112 643 y(to)d(satisfy)f(the)i(request,)g(the)f(link)o(ed)g(list)f -(of)g(MCBs)i(will)d(b)q(e)j(returned)g(in)f(the)g(resp)q(onse)i(register.)0 -726 y(004)49 b(Select)15 b(In)o(terface.)112 793 y(This)d(command)d(is)j -(issued)h(b)o(y)e(the)i(system)f(soft)o(w)o(are)g(to)g(select)h(a)f(sp)q -(eci\014c)h(p)q(ort)f(on)g(the)h(XNI)1604 789 y(-)1616 793 -y(1,)e(b)q(ecause)112 843 y(some)i(commands)f(require)i(that)g(an)g(in)o -(terface)h(b)q(e)f(selected.)20 b(This)14 b(command)d(con)o(tains)j(one)g -(argumen)o(t)112 892 y(\(7b27\):)22 b(the)17 b(p)q(ort)f(to)g(b)q(e)h -(selected.)26 b(The)16 b(XNI)886 888 y(-)898 892 y(1)g(will)f(return)i(the)g -(follo)o(wing)c(v)n(alues)j(in)f(the)i(resp)q(onse)112 942 -y(register;)g FA(\000)p FC(1)e(\(177777\))f(if)g(the)i(in)o(terface)g(is)f -(not)g(presen)o(t;)i(zero)f(\(0\))f(if)f(the)i(in)o(terface)g(w)o(as)f -(successfully)112 992 y(selected.)0 1075 y(005)49 b(Disable)13 -b(In)o(terface.)112 1142 y(This)h(command)e(causes)k(the)f(XNI)676 -1138 y(-)688 1142 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de)h(to)f(disable)g(the)h(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(p)q(ort)f(on)f(the)h(XNI)1654 1138 y(-)1666 1142 -y(1.)20 b(This)112 1191 y(command)d(con)o(tains)j(one)g(argumen)o(t)f -(\(7b27\):)30 b(the)21 b(p)q(ort)f(to)g(b)q(e)g(disabled.)36 -b(The)21 b(resp)q(onse)h(register)112 1241 y(will)15 b(con)o(tain)h -FA(\000)p FC(1)h(\(177777\))e(if)h(the)h(in)o(terface)g(do)q(es)g(not)g -(exist;)g(one)g(\(1\))g(if)e(the)j(in)o(terface)f(is)f(curren)o(tly)112 -1291 y(disabled)c(and)f(zero)i(\(0\))e(if)g(the)i(XNI)685 1287 -y(-)697 1291 y(1)e(micro)q(co)q(de)g(has)h(successfully)h(disabled)f(the)g -(in)o(terface.)18 b(Disabling)112 1341 y(an)d(in)o(terface)g(turns)h(o\013)f -(the)h(reception)g(hardw)o(are)f(in)f(the)i(XNI)1147 1337 y(-)1159 -1341 y(1,)f(as)g(a)f(result)i(no)f(further)h(datagrams)112 -1391 y(can)e(b)q(e)h(receiv)o(ed)g(un)o(til)e(the)h(in)o(terface)h(is)f -(enabled.)0 1474 y(006)49 b(Enable)14 b(In)o(terface.)112 1540 -y(This)19 b(command)e(causes)k(the)f(XNI)696 1536 y(-)708 1540 -y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de)g(to)h(enable)f(reception)i(on)e(a)g(sp)q(eci\014c)i(p) -q(ort)f(on)f(the)112 1590 y(XNI)191 1586 y(-)203 1590 y(1.)31 -b(This)18 b(command)d(con)o(tains)k(one)f(argumen)o(t)f(\(3b27\):)26 -b(the)19 b(p)q(ort)g(to)f(b)q(e)h(enabled.)31 b(Before)19 b(an)112 -1640 y(in)o(terface)12 b(can)g(b)q(e)h(enabled,)f(it)f(m)o(ust)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g -(receiv)o(e)i(MCBs)g(assigned)f(to)f(it)h(\(see)h Fu(NA\045TRT)p -FC(\).)d(The)i(resp)q(onse)112 1689 y(register)i(will)e(con)o(tain)g -FA(\000)p FC(1)i(\(177777\))d(if)i(the)g(in)o(terface)h(do)q(es)g(not)f -(exist;)g(0x8001)e(if)i(the)g(in)o(terface)h(has)f(no)112 1739 -y(receiv)o(e)i(MCBs)g(and)f(zero)g(\(0\))g(if)f(the)i(in)o(terface)f(has)g -(successfully)h(b)q(een)g(enabled.)0 1822 y(007)49 b(Address)16 -b(Filter)d(Size.)112 1889 y(This)j(command)d(requests)18 b(the)f(XNI)716 -1885 y(-)728 1889 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de)f(to)h(return)h(the)g(size)g(of)e -(the)i(address)g(\014lter)g(for)e(the)112 1939 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)f(p)q(ort.)k -(This)13 b(command)d(con)o(tains)i(one)h(argumen)o(t)f(\(3b27\):)17 -b(the)c(p)q(ort)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)k(The)c(resp)q(onse)112 -1988 y(register)j(will)e(con)o(tain)g(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g(o)q(ctets) -j(in)d(the)i(address)g(\014lter.)22 b(The)15 b(curren)o(t)i(XNI)1585 -1984 y(-)1597 1988 y(1)e(hardw)o(are)112 2038 y(has)f(an)f(address)h -(\014lter)g(size)g(of)f(32)g(b)o(ytes.)19 b(This)13 b(size)h(allo)o(ws)e(for) -h(address)i(and)e(proto)q(col)g(recognition)g(on)112 2088 y(the)i(\014rst)f -(32)g(b)o(ytes)g(of)f(the)i(receiv)o(ed)g(datagram.)0 2171 -y(008)49 b(Set)15 b(proto)q(col)e(mask.)112 2237 y(This)e(command)d(sets)k -(the)f(proto)q(col)g(mask)e(for)i(the)g(output)g(of)f(the)i(address)g -(\014lter.)17 b(The)11 b(system)g(soft)o(w)o(are)112 2287 y(sets)18 -b(up)e(the)h(address)h(\014lter)e(\(allo)o(ws)g(the)h(reception)g(of)f(sp)q -(eci\014c)i(MA)o(C)e(address)h(and)g(proto)q(col)f(t)o(yp)q(e\).)112 -2337 y(This)10 b(mask)f(is)i(used)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(XNI)638 2333 -y(-)650 2337 y(1)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(to)g(determine)g(the)h(p)q(ortion)f(of)g -(the)h(address)h(\014lter)f(output)112 2387 y(that)j(is)f(proto)q(col)g(sp)q -(eci\014c.)20 b(This)13 b(command)e(con)o(tains)i(one)h(argumen)o(t)e -(\(377b27\):)17 b(the)e(proto)q(col)e(mask.)112 2437 y(The)k(Select)h(In)o -(terface)g(command)d(m)o(ust)h(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(e)i(issued)g(prior)e(to)h -(the)h(issuance)g(of)e(this)h(command.)112 2487 y(The)d(default)g(proto)q -(col)g(mask)e(is)i(37.)0 2570 y(009)49 b(Set)15 b(Proto)q(col)e(Assem)o(bly)h -(Mo)q(de.)p eop -%%Page: 341 145 -341 144 bop 150 50 a Fr(3.13.)31 b(XNI)347 46 y(-)359 50 y(1)13 -b(NETW)o(ORK)h(AD)o(APTER)1045 b FC(341)262 195 y(This)18 b(command)d(sets)k -(the)f(default)f(assem)o(bly)g(\(input\))h(mo)q(de)e(for)i(a)f(sp)q(eci\014c) -i(proto)q(col)f(on)f(a)g(sp)q(eci\014c)262 245 y(p)q(ort.)k(The)15 -b(assem)o(bly)e(mo)q(de)h(refers)i(to)f(the)g(data)f(translation)g(for)g -(data)h(b)q(eing)f(transferred)j(to)d(system)262 295 y(memory)m(.)g(The)e -(proto)q(col)f(assem)o(bly)f(mo)q(de)g(bits)h(con)o(trols)g(the)h(format)d -(under)j(whic)o(h)f(data)f(is)h(transferred)262 345 y(in)o(to)j(system)g -(memory)m(.)j(The)f(default)e(proto)q(col)g(assem)o(bly)g(mo)q(de)f(is)i -(0x004a)e(\(b)o(yte)i(o\013set)g(in)o(to)f(system)262 394 y(memory)m(,)g(t)o -(w)o(o;)j(b)o(yte)f(o\013set)i(in)o(to)d(XNI)900 390 y(-)912 -394 y(1)i(Memd,)e(zero;)j(32{bit)e(data)g(mo)q(de;)g(start)h(bit)f(on.)26 -b(\(See)17 b(the)262 444 y(description)i(of)f Fx(F)m(ormat0)24 -b FC(in)18 b(the)h(transmit)e(MCB\).)i(The)g(assem)o(bly)e(mo)q(de)g(is)i -(16{bits)e(wide;)k(if)c(the)262 494 y(0x8000)c(bit)h(is)g(on,)g(the)g(XNI)729 -490 y(-)741 494 y(1)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(will)f(v)o(erify)h(the)h(IP)f(c)o -(hec)o(ksum)g(in)g(the)h(receiv)o(ed)g(datagram.)262 544 y(If)h(the)h(0x7f80) -e(bits)h(are)h(non{zero,)g(then)g(the)g(XNI)1109 540 y(-)1121 -544 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de)g(treats)i(that)e(\014eld)g(as)h(a)f(b)o(yte)h -(coun)o(t)262 594 y(and)d(transfers)h(the)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(b)o(ytes)i -(in)o(to)e(system)g(memory)m(.)150 677 y(010)49 b(Return)14 -b(F)m(ree)h(MCBs.)262 743 y(This)f(command)d(returns)16 b(an)e(MCB,)g(or)g(a) -f(list)h(of)g(MCBs,)g(to)g(the)g(free)h(p)q(o)q(ol)f(in)f(the)i(XNI)1707 -739 y(-)1719 743 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de.)262 793 y(The)j(command)e(con)o -(tains)i(one)g(argumen)o(t)f(\(177777b17\):)22 b(the)c(address)g(of)e(the)i -(\014rst)g(MCB)f(\(p)q(ossibly)262 843 y(link)o(ed)c(to)h(additional)e -(MCBs\).)150 926 y(011)49 b(W)m(rite)14 b(Address)h(Filter.)262 -992 y(This)g(command)c(is)k(issued)g(to)g(the)g(XNI)916 988 -y(-)928 992 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de)h(to)f(write)h(v)n(alues)f(in)o(to)g(the)i -(address)f(\014lter.)21 b(This)262 1042 y(command)16 b(tak)o(es)k(one)f -(argumen)o(t:)27 b(the)20 b(address)g(of)e(a)h(XNI)1262 1038 -y(-)1274 1042 y(1)g(memory)e(blo)q(c)o(k)1576 1027 y Fn(43)1629 -1042 y FC(that)i(con)o(tains)g(the)262 1092 y(follo)o(wing)11 -b(information:)262 1183 y Fx(o\013set)k(0)50 b FC(177777b35)12 -b(the)j(p)q(ort)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(one)h(of)f(0{3.)262 1249 -y Fx(o\013set)i(1)50 b FC(177777b35)12 b(b)o(yte)j(o\013set)f(in)o(to)g(the)g -(address)h(\014lter)g(\(an)e(ev)o(en)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er\).)262 -1316 y Fx(o\013set)g(2)50 b FC(377b17)13 b(the)i(v)n(alue)e(to)h(write)g -(\(ev)o(en)h(b)o(yte\).)262 1382 y Fx(o\013set)g(2)50 b FC(377b35)13 -b(the)i(v)n(alue)e(to)h(write)g(\(o)q(dd)g(b)o(yte\).)262 1474 -y(There)h(are)f(four)g(address)h(\014lters,)f(one)g(for)g(eac)o(h)g(p)q(ort.) -262 1540 y(Eac)o(h)j(address)h(\014lter)f(is)g(logically)d(a)j(32)f(b)o(y)h -(256)f(b)o(yte)h(arra)o(y)m(,)f(where)i(the)f(\014rst)h(index)e(corresp)q -(onds)j(to)262 1590 y(a)c(b)o(yte)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(\(0)f(to)h(31\))g(in)g -(a)f(message)h(header,)h(and)f(the)h(second)g(index)f(corresp)q(onds)i(to)e -(the)g(data)262 1640 y(v)n(alue)h(of)f(that)h(header)i(b)o(yte.)25 -b(The)17 b(address)g(\014lter)g(accepts)g(and)g(categorizes)g(incoming)d -(messages)i(b)o(y)262 1689 y(computing)c(the)h(logical)f(AND)h(of)f(the)i -(data)f(b)o(ytes)h(fetc)o(hed)g(from)e(this)h(arra)o(y)m(.)k(If,)12 -b(while)h(pro)q(cessing)h(the)262 1739 y(message)f(header,)h(the)h(AND)e(b)q -(ecomes)h(zero,)g(the)g(message)f(is)g(discarded)i(b)q(ecause)g(it)e(is)h -(not)f(addressed)262 1789 y(to)f(this)h(system.)k(If)12 b(the)h(header)g(is)g -(pro)q(cessed)h(with)e(the)h(AND)g(b)q(eing)f(non{zero,)h(the)g(resulting)f -(v)n(alue)g(is)262 1839 y(passed)i(to)f(the)h(op)q(erating)f(soft)o(w)o(are)g -(to)g(assist)h(it)f(in)g(categorizing)g(the)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(of)f(message)g -(and)g(proto)q(col.)262 1905 y(An)j(address)h(\014lter)f(is)f(implemen)o(ted) -e(as)j(an)f(arra)o(y)g(of)g(4096)g(16{bit)f(w)o(ords.)24 b(Eac)o(h)16 -b(w)o(ord)f(con)o(tains)g(t)o(w)o(o)262 1955 y(consecutiv)o(e)i(data)f(b)o -(ytes)h(of)e(the)i(address)g(\014lter)f(arra)o(y)g(\(one)h(b)o(yte)f(for)f -(an)h(ev)o(en{v)n(alued)g(header)h(b)o(yte,)262 2005 y(and)d(one)h(for)f(the) -h(next)g(higher)g(v)n(alue\).)k(The)c(\014rst)g(128)f(w)o(ords)h(\(256)e(b)o -(ytes\))j(are)f(addressed)h(for)e(header)262 2055 y(b)o(yte)g(0;)f(the)i -(next)f(128)f(w)o(ords)i(are)f(addressed)i(for)d(header)i(b)o(yte)f(1,)f -(etc.)262 2121 y(It)g(is)f(the)h(rep)q(onsibilit)o(y)f(of)g(the)h(op)q -(erating)f(system)g(to)h(\014ll)e(the)i(address)h(\014lter)f(with)f -(appropriate)h(v)n(alues.)150 2204 y(012)49 b(Read)14 b(In)o(terface)h -(Errors.)262 2271 y(This)k(command)d(will)i(cause)i(the)f(XNI)911 -2267 y(-)924 2271 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de)h(to)g(return)h(the)g(curren)o(t)g -(error)g(coun)o(ts)g(for)e(the)262 2320 y(selected)d(p)q(ort.)j(Reading)11 -b(the)j(in)o(terface)f(error)g(coun)o(ts)h(causes)g(the)f(micro)q(co)q(de)f -(to)h(zero)g(out)g(its)f(running)262 2370 y(coun)o(t,)20 b(so)f(the)g(system) -g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(should)g(main)o(tain)d(a)j(running)f(total.)33 -b(This)18 b(command)e(tak)o(es)k(one)262 2420 y(argumen)o(t)11 -b(\(7b27\):)16 b(the)c(in)o(terface)h(or)e(p)q(ort)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(0..3.) -16 b(The)c(XNI)1370 2416 y(-)1382 2420 y(1)f(returns)j(the)e(address)h(of)e -(a)g(result)262 2470 y(blo)q(c)o(k)j(whic)o(h)f(con)o(tains)h(the)h(error)g -(coun)o(ts.)262 2536 y(The)f(follo)o(wing)e(error)i(coun)o(ts)h(are)f(accum)o -(ulated)f(for)h(the)g(in)o(terface)h(b)o(y)e(the)i(XNI)1577 -2532 y(-)1589 2536 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de.)p 150 2571 720 2 -v 181 2598 a Fm(43)214 2610 y Fl(The)d(memory)e(blo)q(c)o(k)h(is)i(usually)e -(obtained)f(as)i(an)g(MCB,)h(and)f(then)f(div)o(erted)g(to)h(this)g(use.)p -eop -%%Page: 342 146 -342 145 bop 0 50 a FC(342)294 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(3.)31 b(TO)o(AD)771 -46 y(-)783 50 y(1)14 b(SYSTEM)g(AND)g(XKL)1204 46 y(-)1216 -50 y(1)g(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)112 195 y Fx(o\013set)h(0)50 -b FC(Jabb)q(er)17 b(Error)f(Coun)o(t.)23 b(This)15 b(coun)o(t)h(indicates)g -(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)f(times)h(that)g(the)i(hardw)o(are)294 -245 y(attempted)d(to)g(transmit)f(for)g(an)h(excessiv)o(e)h(time)e(p)q(erio)q -(d)h(\(20{150ms\).)112 311 y Fx(o\013set)h(1)50 b FC(Babble)20 -b(Error)h(Coun)o(t.)35 b(This)20 b(coun)o(ts)g(the)h(transmitter)e(time{out)f -(errors.)37 b(It)20 b(indicates)294 361 y(the)c(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)d(of)h(times) -g(the)h(transmitter)f(has)g(b)q(een)i(on)e(the)h(c)o(hannel)g(longer)f(than)g -(the)h(time)294 411 y(required)i(to)e(send)h(the)g(maxim)o(um)11 -b(pac)o(k)o(et.)23 b(It)15 b(is)g(set)i(after)e(1519)g(b)o(ytes)h(\(or)g -(greater\))g(ha)o(v)o(e)294 461 y(b)q(een)g(transmitted.)112 -527 y Fx(o\013set)f(2)50 b FC(Collision)10 b(Error)j(Coun)o(t.)k(Eac)o(h)12 -b(coun)o(t)g(indicates)g(the)g(absence)i(of)d(the)h(Signal)e(Qualit)o(y)h -(Error)294 577 y(T)m(est)k(\(SQE)f(T)m(est\))h(message)e(after)i(a)e(pac)o(k) -o(et)h(transmission.)112 643 y Fx(o\013set)h(3)50 b FC(Receiv)o(e)17 -b(collision)d(coun)o(t.)23 b(Receiv)o(e)16 b(collisions)f(are)h(de\014ned)g -(as)g(receiv)o(e)h(frames)e(whic)o(h)g(suf-)294 693 y(fered)g(a)f(collision.) -112 760 y Fx(o\013set)h(4)50 b FC(Run)o(t)11 b(P)o(ac)o(k)o(et)f(Coun)o(t.)17 -b(This)10 b(is)h(the)g(coun)o(t)f(of)g(run)o(t)h(pac)o(k)o(ets)g(addressed)h -(to)e(our)h(station.)16 b(Run)o(t)294 809 y(pac)o(k)o(ets)i(are)f(those)g(in) -f(whic)o(h)h(the)g(address)h(\014lter)f(indicates)g(that)g(w)o(e)g(should)f -(receiv)o(e)i(this)294 859 y(datagram,)12 b(but)i(the)h(datagram)c(is)j(less) -h(than)f(minim)n(um)9 b(allo)o(w)o(ed)k(on)h(ethernet)h(\(64)f(b)o(ytes\).) -112 926 y Fx(o\013set)h(5)50 b FC(Missed)16 b(P)o(ac)o(k)o(et)g(Coun)o(t.)21 -b(Eac)o(h)16 b(coun)o(t)f(indicates)h(an)e(instance)i(when)g(the)g(receiv)o -(e)g(FIF)o(O)f(in)294 976 y(the)i(hardw)o(are)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)o(ed.)24 -b(This)16 b(is)g(caused)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(XNI)1264 972 y(-)1276 -976 y(1)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(b)q(eing)h(unable)g(to)294 1025 -y(service)g(the)e(Ethernet)i(receiv)o(e)f(in)o(terrupt)g(in)e(a)h(timely)e -(manner.)112 1092 y Fx(o\013set)j(6)50 b FC(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)20 -b(Flag)f(Coun)o(t.)34 b(This)19 b(coun)o(ts)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g -(times)f(that)i(the)g(Receiv)o(e)g(FIF)o(O)294 1142 y(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)o -(ed)14 b(due)h(to)e(the)i(inabilit)o(y)c(of)j(the)g(XNI)1058 -1138 y(-)1070 1142 y(1)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(to)h(read)g(data)f(fast)h(enough)g -(to)294 1191 y(k)o(eep)f(pace)g(with)e(the)i(receiv)o(e)g(serial)e(bit)h -(stream)f(and)h(the)g(latency)h(pro)o(vided)e(b)o(y)h(the)g(Receiv)o(e)294 -1241 y(FIF)o(O)j(itself.)112 1308 y Fx(o\013set)g(7)50 b FC(F)m(raming)15 -b(Error)j(Coun)o(t:)23 b(Eac)o(h)18 b(coun)o(t)f(indicates)g(an)g(instance)g -(when)h(the)f(receiv)o(ed)h(frame)294 1357 y(con)o(tained)c(a)g(non{in)o -(teger)g(m)o(ultiple)e(of)h(b)o(ytes)h(and)g(an)g(F)o(CS)g(error.)112 -1424 y Fx(o\013set)h(8)50 b FC(F)o(CS)14 b(Error)h(Coun)o(t;)e(indicates)h -(that)g(there)h(is)f(an)g(F)o(CS)g(error)h(in)e(the)h(frame.)0 -1515 y(013)49 b(Read)14 b(Address)h(Filter)112 1582 y(This)i(command)d(will)h -(read)i(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)h(address)h(\014lter)g(for)e(a)h(sp)q -(eci\014c)h(p)q(ort)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)26 b(This)112 1631 y(command)12 -b(tak)o(es)j(one)f(argumen)o(t:)k(the)d(address)h(of)e(a)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(of)g -(XNI)1229 1627 y(-)1241 1631 y(1)g(memory)e(whic)o(h)i(the)h(op)q(erating)112 -1681 y(initializes)d(to)h(con)o(tains)h(the)g(p)q(ort)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(and)g(the)h(b)o(yte)f(o\013set)i(to)e(the)h(address)g(\014lter.)19 -b(Address)c(\014lter)112 1731 y(reads)e(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(return)i(t)o(w)o(o)f -(b)o(ytes:)18 b(the)12 b(data)g(at)g(the)g(b)o(yte)h(o\013set)g(requested,)h -(and)e(the)g(subsequen)o(t)i(b)o(yte.)112 1797 y(The)g(XNI)276 -1793 y(-)289 1797 y(1)f(micro)q(co)q(de)h(will)e(read)i(the)h(address)g -(\014lter)f(and)g(return)h(data)f(at)f(o\013set)i(2:)112 1889 -y Fx(o\013set)g(0)50 b FC(177777b35)12 b(the)j(p)q(ort)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -(0..3)g(for)g(whic)o(h)h(w)o(e)g(w)o(an)o(t)g(to)f(read)i(the)f(address)h -(\014lter.)112 1955 y Fx(o\013set)g(1)50 b FC(177777b35)12 -b(b)o(yte)h(o\013set)h(in)o(to)e(the)i(address)h(\014lter)e(\(the)h(address)g -(to)f(read,)g(an)g(ev)o(en)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er\).)112 2022 y -Fx(o\013set)h(2)50 b FC(The)15 b(t)o(w)o(o)e(b)o(ytes)i(will)d(b)q(e)j -(returned)g(at)f(377b17)f(and)g(377b35.)p eop -%%Page: 343 147 -343 146 bop 1888 50 a FC(343)150 542 y Fq(Chapter)34 b(4)150 -785 y FE(Earlier)42 b(Pro)s(cessors)e(\(Omitted\))438 1946 -y FC(Prin)o(ted)14 b(v)o(ersions)h(of)e(this)h(man)o(ual)e(omit)f(Chapter)k -(4,)e(Earlier)h(Pro)q(cessors.)p eop -%%Page: 344 148 -344 147 bop 0 50 a FC(344)979 b Fr(CHAPTER)15 b(4.)i(EARLIER)d(PR)o(OCESSORS) -p eop -%%Trailer -end -userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if -%%EOF -%!PS-Adobe-2.0 -%%Creator: dvips 5.497 Copyright 1986, 1992 Radical Eye Software -%%Title: architecture.dvi -%%CreationDate: Wed Jan 13 12:23:48 1999 -%%Pages: 146 -%%PageOrder: Ascend -%%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 -%%EndComments -%DVIPSCommandLine: DVIPS -oarch-part4.psf -p343 -l486 architecture -%DVIPSSource: TeX output 1999.01.13:1153 -%%BeginProcSet: tex.pro -/TeXDict 250 dict def -TeXDict begin -/N{def}def -/B{bind def}N -/S{exch}N -/X{S N}B -/TR{translate}N -/isls false N -/vsize 11 72 mul N -/@rigin{isls{[0 -1 1 0 0 0] concat} - if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale - isls{Resolution hsize -72 div mul 0 TR} - if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul TR matrix - currentmatrix dup dup 4 get round 4 exch put - dup dup 5 get round 5 exch put - setmatrix}N -/@landscape{/isls true N}B -/@manualfeed{statusdict /manualfeed true put}B -/@copies{/#copies X}B -/FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N -/FBB[0 0 0 0]N -/nn 0 N -/IE 0 N -/ctr 0 N -/df-tail{/nn 8 dict N nn begin - /FontType 3 N - /FontMatrix fntrx N - /FontBBox FBB N - string /base X array /BitMaps X - /BuildChar{CharBuilder}N - /Encoding IE N - end - dup{/foo setfont}2 array copy cvx N load 0 nn put - /ctr 0 N[}B - -/df{/sf 1 N /fntrx FMat N df-tail}B -/dfs{div /sf X /fntrx[sf 0 0 sf neg 0 0]N df-tail}B - -/E{pop nn dup definefont setfont}B - -/ch-width{ch-data dup length 5 sub get}B -/ch-height{ch-data dup length 4 sub get}B -/ch-xoff{128 ch-data dup length 3 sub get sub}B -/ch-yoff{ch-data dup length 2 sub get 127 sub}B -/ch-dx{ch-data dup length 1 sub get}B -/ch-image{ch-data dup type /stringtype ne{ctr get /ctr ctr 1 add N}if}B -/id 0 N -/rw 0 N -/rc 0 N -/gp 0 N -/cp 0 N -/G 0 N -/sf 0 N - -/CharBuilder{save 3 1 roll S dup - /base get 2 index get S - /BitMaps get S get - /ch-data X pop - /ctr 0 N - ch-dx 0 ch-xoff ch-yoff ch-height sub ch-xoff ch-width - add ch-yoff setcachedevice ch-width ch-height true - [1 0 0 -1 -.1 ch-xoff sub ch-yoff .1 add]{ch-image} - imagemask restore}B - -/D{/cc X dup type /stringtype ne{]}if nn - /base get cc ctr put nn - /BitMaps get S ctr S sf 1 ne - {dup dup length 1 sub dup 2 index S get sf div put}if - put /ctr ctr 1 add N}B - -/I{cc 1 add D}B -/bop{userdict /bop-hook known{bop-hook}if /SI save N - @rigin 0 0 moveto - /V matrix currentmatrix dup 1 get dup mul exch 0 get dup mul add .99 - lt{/QV}{/RV}ifelse load def pop pop}N - -/eop{SI restore showpage userdict /eop-hook known{eop-hook}if}N - -/@start{userdict /start-hook known{start-hook} - if pop /VResolution X /Resolution X 1000 div - /DVImag X /IE 256 array N 0 1 255 - {IE S 1 string dup 0 3 index put cvn put} - for 65781.76 div /vsize X 65781.76 div /hsize X}N -/p{show}N -/RMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N -/BDot 260 string N -/rulex 0 N -/ruley 0 N -/v{/ruley X /rulex X V}B -/V{}B -/RV statusdict begin /product where{ - pop product dup length 7 ge - {0 7 getinterval dup(Display)eq exch 0 4 getinterval(NeXT)eq or} - {pop false}ifelse}{false}ifelse end - {{gsave TR -.1 -.1 TR 1 1 scale rulex ruley false - RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}} - {{gsave TR -.1 -.1 TR rulex ruley scale - 1 1 false RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}} ifelse B -/QV{gsave transform round exch round exch itransform moveto - rulex 0 rlineto 0 ruley neg rlineto rulex neg 0 rlineto fill grestore}B -/a{moveto}B -/delta 0 N -/tail{dup /delta X 0 rmoveto}B -/M{S p delta add tail}B -/b{S p tail}B -/c{-4 M}B -/d{-3 M}B -/e{-2 M}B -/f{-1 M}B -/g{0 M}B -/h{1 M}B -/i{2 M}B -/j{3 M}B -/k{4 M}B -/w{0 rmoveto}B -/l{p -4 w}B -/m{p -3 w}B -/n{p -2 w}B -/o{p -1 w}B -/q{p 1 w}B -/r{p 2 w}B -/s{p 3 w}B -/t{p 4 w}B -/x{0 S rmoveto}B -/y{3 2 roll p a}B -/bos{/SS save N}B -/eos{SS restore}B end -%%EndProcSet -%%BeginProcSet: special.pro -TeXDict begin /SDict 200 dict N SDict begin /@SpecialDefaults{/hs 612 N /vs -792 N /ho 0 N /vo 0 N /hsc 1 N /vsc 1 N /ang 0 N /CLIP 0 N /rwiSeen false N -/rhiSeen false N /letter{}N /note{}N /a4{}N /legal{}N}B /@scaleunit 100 N -/@hscale{@scaleunit div /hsc X}B /@vscale{@scaleunit div /vsc X}B /@hsize{/hs -X /CLIP 1 N}B /@vsize{/vs X /CLIP 1 N}B /@clip{/CLIP 2 N}B /@hoffset{/ho X}B -/@voffset{/vo X}B /@angle{/ang X}B /@rwi{10 div /rwi X /rwiSeen true N}B /@rhi -{10 div /rhi X /rhiSeen true N}B /@llx{/llx X}B /@lly{/lly X}B /@urx{/urx X}B -/@ury{/ury X}B /magscale true def end /@MacSetUp{userdict /md known{userdict -/md get type /dicttype eq{userdict begin md length 10 add md maxlength ge{/md -md dup length 20 add dict copy def}if end md begin /letter{}N /note{}N /legal{ -}N /od{txpose 1 0 mtx defaultmatrix dtransform S atan/pa X newpath clippath -mark{transform{itransform moveto}}{transform{itransform lineto}}{6 -2 roll -transform 6 -2 roll transform 6 -2 roll transform{itransform 6 2 roll -itransform 6 2 roll itransform 6 2 roll curveto}}{{closepath}}pathforall -newpath counttomark array astore /gc xdf pop ct 39 0 put 10 fz 0 fs 2 -F/|______Courier fnt invertflag{PaintBlack}if}N /txpose{pxs pys scale ppr -aload pop por{noflips{pop S neg S TR pop 1 -1 scale}if xflip yflip and{pop S -neg S TR 180 rotate 1 -1 scale ppr 3 get ppr 1 get neg sub neg ppr 2 get ppr 0 -get neg sub neg TR}if xflip yflip not and{pop S neg S TR pop 180 rotate ppr 3 -get ppr 1 get neg sub neg 0 TR}if yflip xflip not and{ppr 1 get neg ppr 0 get -neg TR}if}{noflips{TR pop pop 270 rotate 1 -1 scale}if xflip yflip and{TR pop -pop 90 rotate 1 -1 scale ppr 3 get ppr 1 get neg sub neg ppr 2 get ppr 0 get -neg sub neg TR}if xflip yflip not and{TR pop pop 90 rotate ppr 3 get ppr 1 get -neg sub neg 0 TR}if yflip xflip not and{TR pop pop 270 rotate ppr 2 get ppr 0 -get neg sub neg 0 S TR}if}ifelse scaleby96{ppr aload pop 4 -1 roll add 2 div 3 -1 roll add 2 div 2 copy TR .96 dup scale neg S neg S TR}if}N /cp{pop pop -showpage pm restore}N end}if}if}N /normalscale{Resolution 72 div VResolution -72 div neg scale magscale{DVImag dup scale}if 0 setgray}N /psfts{S 65781.76 -div N}N /startTexFig{/psf$SavedState save N userdict maxlength dict begin -/magscale false def normalscale currentpoint TR /psf$ury psfts /psf$urx psfts -/psf$lly psfts /psf$llx psfts /psf$y psfts /psf$x psfts currentpoint /psf$cy X -/psf$cx X /psf$sx psf$x psf$urx psf$llx sub div N /psf$sy psf$y psf$ury -psf$lly sub div N psf$sx psf$sy scale psf$cx psf$sx div psf$llx sub psf$cy -psf$sy div psf$ury sub TR /showpage{}N /erasepage{}N /copypage{}N /p 3 def -@MacSetUp}N /doclip{psf$llx psf$lly psf$urx psf$ury currentpoint 6 2 roll -newpath 4 copy 4 2 roll moveto 6 -1 roll S lineto S lineto S lineto closepath -clip newpath moveto}N /endTexFig{end psf$SavedState restore}N /@beginspecial{ -SDict begin /SpecialSave save N gsave normalscale currentpoint TR -@SpecialDefaults count /ocount X /dcount countdictstack N}N /@setspecial{CLIP -1 eq{newpath 0 0 moveto hs 0 rlineto 0 vs rlineto hs neg 0 rlineto closepath -clip}if ho vo TR hsc vsc scale ang rotate rwiSeen{rwi urx llx sub div rhiSeen{ -rhi ury lly sub div}{dup}ifelse scale llx neg lly neg TR}{rhiSeen{rhi ury lly -sub div dup scale llx neg lly neg TR}if}ifelse CLIP 2 eq{newpath llx lly -moveto urx lly lineto urx ury lineto llx ury lineto closepath clip}if -/showpage{}N /erasepage{}N /copypage{}N newpath}N /@endspecial{count ocount -sub{pop}repeat countdictstack dcount sub{end}repeat grestore SpecialSave -restore end}N /@defspecial{SDict begin}N /@fedspecial{end}B /li{lineto}B /rl{ -rlineto}B /rc{rcurveto}B /np{/SaveX currentpoint /SaveY X N 1 setlinecap -newpath}N /st{stroke SaveX SaveY moveto}N /fil{fill SaveX SaveY moveto}N -/ellipse{/endangle X /startangle X /yrad X /xrad X /savematrix matrix -currentmatrix N TR xrad yrad scale 0 0 1 startangle endangle arc savematrix -setmatrix}N end -%%EndProcSet -TeXDict begin 40258431 52099146 1000 300 300 -(/dxx/documentation/toad/architecture/architecture.dvi) @start -/Fa 1 1 df0 D E /Fb 1 109 df108 D E /Fc 4 20 df16 D<000000000060000000000060000000000060000000000060000000000060 -0000000000600000000000600000000000E00000000000C00000000000C00000000000C0000000 -0001C0000000000180000000000180000000000380000000000300000000000300000000000700 -000000000600000000000E00000000000C00000000001C00000000001800000000003800000000 -00700000000000600000000000E00000000001C0000000000380000000000700000000000E0000 -0000001C0000000000380000000000F00000000001C0000000000780000000001E00000000007C -0000000001F0000000000F8000000001FE00000000FFF000000000FE00000000002B2BA9AA53> -II<000000000FF000 -000001FFF00000000FF0000000003E0000000001F00000000007C0000000000F00000000003C00 -00000000700000000001E0000000000380000000000700000000000E00000000001C0000000000 -380000000000700000000000E00000000000C00000000001C00000000003800000000003000000 -00000700000000000600000000000E00000000000C00000000001C000000000018000000000018 -000000000038000000000030000000000030000000000070000000000060000000000060000000 -0000600000000000E00000000000C00000000000C00000000000C00000000000C00000000000C0 -0000000000C00000000000C000000000002C2B808153>I E /Fd 50 124 -df<1E0061804080C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0408061801E000A0D7E8C0E>48 -D<18F818181818181818181818FF080D7D8C0E>I<3E00418080C0C0C000C000C0018003000400 -084030407F80FF800A0D7E8C0E>I<20803F003C00200020003F00218000C000C0C0C080C04180 -3E000A0D7E8C0E>53 D<1E0021004080408071003E003F006380C0C0C0C0C0C061803F000A0D7E -8C0E>56 D<0180018002C002C002C004600460083008301FF810181018300CF83F100E7E8D14> -65 DI<03F1 -0C0F300360016001C000C000C000C0006001600130020C0C03F0100E7E8D14>IIII72 -DI76 DII<07F0001C1C003006006003004001 -00C00180C00180C00180C001806003006003003006001C1C0007F000110E7E8D15>II82 D<1FA0606080208020800070003F8003C00020001080108010C060BF800C0E7E8D10>IIIIII<3C00620003001F -006300C300C320C3203FC00B097E880E>97 DI<1F0021804000C000C000C000400020801F0009097E880D>I< -03C000C000C000C000C01EC021C040C0C0C0C0C0C0C040C021C01EF00C0E7E8D10>I<1E006100 -4180FF80C000C000400020801F0009097E880D>I<060B181818FE181818181818187E080E7F8D -09>I<1DE022206300630022003C0060003F003F8040C0C0C0C0C061803F000B0E7E880E>II<307030000000 -F030303030303030FC060F7F8E08>I107 DIII<1E0061804080C0C0C0C0C0C0408061801E000A097E880E>I< -F78038403060303030303030306038C03780300030003000FC000C0D7E8810>I114 D<7C8484F03C0682C2BC07097E880B>I<08081838FE18181818191919 -0E080D7F8C0B>IIIIIIII E /Fe 2 83 df<01FFFC0000380F000038038000380380 -007003C0007003C0007003C0007003C000E0078000E0078000E00F0000E01E0001C0380001FFE0 -0001C0000001C00000038000000380000003800000038000000700000007000000070000000700 -00000E000000FFE000001A1A7E9919>80 D<01FFF80000381E0000380700003807800070078000 -700780007007800070078000E00F0000E00E0000E01C0000E0700001FFC00001C0C00001C06000 -01C07000038070000380700003807000038070000700F0000700F0000700F0400700F0800E0079 -80FFE01E001A1A7E991D>82 D E /Ff 31 121 df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g -2 109 df<3C000C000C001800180018001BE0343038303030303060606060606460C4C0C8C070 -0E117E9012>104 D<7818183030303060606060C0C0C8C8D07005117E900A>108 -D E /Fh 6 88 df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i 4 90 df<0402000C06000C06000C0600180C00180C00180C00180C003018003018803018 -803038807859006F8E00600000600000C00000C00000C0000080000011147E8D15>22 -D<07FE00E000E000E000E001C001C001C001C0038003800380038007000700070007000E000E00 -0E000E001C00FFC00F177E960F>73 D<03FE1FE0007807000078060000380C0000381800003C10 -00001C2000001E4000000E8000000F00000007000000070000000F8000001380000023C0000061 -C00000C1C0000081E0000100E0000200F000040070001C007000FF03FE001B177F961D>88 -DI -E /Fj 1 121 df<1F0030806040C0C0C0C0C000C000600030000C0033006080C0C0C060C060C0 -60606020C019800600018000C0006000606060606040C021801F000B1D7E9610>120 -D E /Fk 48 122 df<00007E00FEFF03FEFF07FEFF0FFEFF0FC6FF1FC27E1FC0001FC0001FC000 -1FC0001FC0001FC0007FFC3EFFFE7FFFFE7F7FFC7F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F -1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F1FC07F0F803E -18247FA31D>12 D<003C007800F001F003E007E007C00FC00F801F801F803F003F003F007F007F -007E007E00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE007E007E007F007F00 -3F003F003F001F801F800F800FC007C007E003E001F000F00078003C0E317DA415>40 -DI44 D<000FF000001FF800003FFC00003FFC00003FFC00007FFE00007EFE00007E -7E0000FE7F0000FE7F0000FC7F0001FC3F8001FC3F8001FC3F8003F81FC003F81FC003F81FC007 -F01FE007F00FE007F00FE00FE00FF00FE007F00FE007F01FFFFFF81FFFFFF81FFFFFF83FFFFFFC -3F8001FC3F8001FC7F0001FE7F0000FE7F0000FEFE0000FFFE00007F7C00003E20237EA225>65 -D<7FFFF000FFFFFC00FFFFFF00FFFFFF80FE007FC0FE001FC0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE0007E0FE00 -07E0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE001FC0FE003FC0FE00FF80FFFFFF00FFFFFC00FFFFFF00FFFFFFC0FE -003FE0FE000FF0FE0007F0FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0007F0 -FE000FF0FE003FF0FFFFFFE0FFFFFFC0FFFFFF007FFFF8001D237CA225>I<0007FE00007FFFC0 -01FFFFF003FFFFF007FFFFF00FFC07E01FF000E03FC000603F8000207F8000007F0000007F0000 -007F000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE00 -0000FE000000FE0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F8000003F8000103FC000301FF000700F -FC03F007FFFFF003FFFFF001FFFFE0007FFF800007FE001C257DA323>I<7FFFF000FFFFFF00FF -FFFF80FFFFFFE0FE003FF0FE000FF8FE0003F8FE0001FCFE0001FCFE0000FEFE0000FEFE00007E -FE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE0000 -7FFE00007FFE00007EFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0001FCFE0003FCFE0007F8FE003FF0FFFF -FFE0FFFFFFC0FFFFFF007FFFF00020237CA228>I<7FFFFE00FFFFFF00FFFFFF00FFFFFF00FFFF -FE00FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FF -FFF800FFFFFC00FFFFFC00FFFFFC00FFFFF800FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000 -FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE7FFF00FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF -807FFFFF0019237CA220>I<7FFFFCFFFFFEFFFFFEFFFFFEFFFFFCFE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000 -FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FFFFE0FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFE0FE0000FE0000 -FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00007C0000 -17237CA21E>I<0007FF00007FFFE001FFFFF803FFFFF807FFFFF80FFC03F01FF000F03FC00030 -3F8000107F8000007F0000007F0000007F000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE0000 -00FE000000FE003FF8FE003FF8FE003FF8FE003FF8FE003FF87F0003F87F0003F87F0003F87F80 -03F83F8003F83FC003F81FF003F80FFC03F807FFFFF803FFFFF801FFFFF8007FFFE00007FE001D -257DA325>I<7C00007CFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE -0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFE -FFFFFFFEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000 -FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FE7C00007C1F237CA228>I<7CFEFE -FEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFE7C07237CA210>I< -780001F8FC0003F8FC0007F0FC000FE0FC001FC0FC003F80FC007F00FC00FE00FC01FC00FC07F8 -00FC0FF000FC1FE000FC3FC000FC7F8000FCFF0000FDFF0000FFFF8000FFFFC000FFFFE000FFE7 -E000FFC7F000FF83F800FF01FC00FE00FC00FC00FE00FC007F00FC003F80FC001F80FC001FC0FC -000FE0FC0007F0FC0003F0FC0003F8FC0001FC780000F81E237CA226>75 -D<7C0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00 -00FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00 -00FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FFFFF8FFFFFCFFFFFCFFFFFC7FFFF816237CA21D>I<7F000001 -FEFF800003FFFF800003FFFF800003FFFFC00007FFFFC00007FFFDE0000FBFFDE0000FBFFDF000 -1FBFFCF0001F3FFCF0001F3FFCF8003F3FFC78003E3FFC7C007E3FFC7C007E3FFC3C007C3FFC3E -00FC3FFC3E00FC3FFC1F01F83FFC1F01F83FFC0F01F03FFC0F83F03FFC0F83F03FFC07C7E03FFC -07C7E03FFC03EFC03FFC03EFC03FFC03EFC03FFC01FF803FFC01FF803FFC00FF003FFC00FF003F -FC00FF003FFC007E003F780000001E28237CA231>I<7F80003CFFC0007EFFC0007EFFE0007EFF -E0007EFFF0007EFDF8007EFDF8007EFCFC007EFCFC007EFC7E007EFC7E007EFC3F007EFC3F007E -FC1F807EFC1F807EFC0FC07EFC07C07EFC07E07EFC03F07EFC03F07EFC01F87EFC01F87EFC00FC -7EFC00FC7EFC007E7EFC007E7EFC003F7EFC003F7EFC001FFEFC000FFEFC000FFEFC0007FEFC00 -07FE780003FC1F237CA228>I<000FF80000007FFF000001FFFFC00007FFFFF0000FF80FF8001F -E003FC001FC001FC003F8000FE003F8000FE007F00007F007F00007F007F00007F007E00003F00 -FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F -80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F807F00007F007F00007F007F00007F003F8000 -FE003F8000FE001FC001FC001FE003FC000FF80FF80007FFFFF00001FFFFC00000FFFF8000000F -F8000021257DA328>I<7FFFE000FFFFFC00FFFFFF00FFFFFF80FE007F80FE001FC0FE000FC0FE -000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FC0FE001FC0FE007F80 -FFFFFF80FFFFFF00FFFFFC00FFFFE000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE0000 -00FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE0000007C0000001B237CA223> -I<7FFFE000FFFFFC00FFFFFF00FFFFFF80FE007FC0FE001FC0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE00 -0FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE001FC0FE007FC0FFFFFF80FFFFFF00FFFFFC00FFFFE000FE -07F000FE07F000FE03F800FE01F800FE01FC00FE00FC00FE00FE00FE007E00FE007F00FE003F80 -FE003F80FE001FC0FE001FC0FE000FE0FE000FE07C0007E01B237CA223>82 -D<00FF8003FFF00FFFFC1FFFFC3FFFFC3F80F83F00387E00187E00087E00007E00007E00007F00 -003FC0003FF8001FFF801FFFE00FFFF007FFF801FFFC007FFE0003FE0000FE00007F00003F0000 -3F40003F60003F70003F78003FFC007EFF80FEFFFFFC7FFFFC1FFFF807FFE000FF8018257EA31E ->I<7FFFFFFEFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF7FFFFFFE0007F0000007F0000007F0000007F00000 -07F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F000 -0007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0 -000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000003E00020237EA225>I<7C0001F0FE0003 -F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE00 -03F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE -0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FF0007F87F0007F07F0007F03F800FE0 -1FE03FC00FFFFF8007FFFF0003FFFE00007FF0001D247CA226>I<7E00000F80FF00001FC07F00 -003F807F00003F807F80003F803F80007F003F80007F003FC000FF001FC000FE001FC000FE001F -E001FE000FE001FC000FE001FC0007F003F80007F003F80007F003F80003F807F00003F807F000 -03FC07F00001FC0FE00001FC0FE00001FE0FE00000FE1FC00000FE1FC00000FE1FC000007F3F80 -00007F3F8000003F3F0000003FBF0000003FFF0000001FFE0000001FFE0000001FFE0000000FFC -00000007F8000022237FA225>I<78000FF8000F00FC001FF8001F80FC001FFC001F807E001FFC -003F007E001FFC003F007E003F7C003F007E003F7E003F003F003F7E007E003F003E7E007E003F -007E3E007E003F007E3F007E001F807E3F00FC001F807C3F00FC001F80FC1F00FC001F80FC1F80 -FC000FC0FC1F81F8000FC0F81F81F8000FC1F80F81F8000FC1F80FC1F80007E1F80FC1F00007E1 -F00FC3F00007E1F007C3F00007E3F007E3F00003E3F007E3E00003F3E007E7E00003F3E003E7E0 -0003F3E003E7E00001F7E003F7C00001F7C003F7C00001FFC001FFC00001FFC001FFC00000FFC0 -01FF800000FF8001FF800000FF8000FF8000007F00007F000031237FA234>I<03FE001FFF803F -FFC03FFFE03C0FF03007F02007F00007F00007F000FFF007FFF01FE7F07F07F07F07F0FE07F0FE -07F0FE07F0FE0FF0FF1FF07FF7F07FF7F03FC7F00F03E014177E961A>97 -D<7C0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE1F -80FE7FE0FFFFF0FFFFF0FF07F8FE03F8FE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01 -FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01F8FE03F8FF07F8FFFFF0FFFFE0FEFFC07C3F0016237DA21C>I<01FE0007 -FFC01FFFE03FFFE03F81E07F00C07E0040FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE -0000FE00007F00207F00603F83E03FFFE01FFFE007FFC001FE0013177E9618>I<0000F80001FC -0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC03F1FC0FFDFC1FFFFC -3FFFFC7F83FC7F01FC7E01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FC -7E01FC7F01FC7F87FC3FFFFC1FFDFC0FF9FC03E0F816237EA21C>I<01FC0007FF000FFF801FFF -C03F87E07F07E07E03F0FE03F0FE03F0FE03F0FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFE0FE0000FE0000FE00007E00 -107F00703F81F01FFFF00FFFF007FFC001FF0014177E9619>I<00FF8003FF8007FF800FFF800F -E1801FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0007FF800FFFC00FFFC007FF8001FC0001F -C0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001F -C0001FC0001FC0001FC0000F800011237FA211>I<03FE0E0FFFBF1FFFFF3FFFE33F8FE07F07F0 -7F07F07F07F07F07F07F07F07F07F03F8FE03FFFE01FFFC01FFF801BFE003800003C00003FFFC0 -3FFFF81FFFFC1FFFFE3FFFFE7FFFFFFC007FF8001FF8001FF8001FFC003F7F00FE7FFFFE3FFFFC -0FFFF003FFC018227F961B>I<7C0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00 -00FE0000FE0000FE0000FE1FC0FE3FE0FE7FF0FEFFF8FF87F8FF03F8FF03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03 -F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F87C01 -F015237DA21C>I<7CFEFEFEFEFEFC0000000000007CFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFE -FEFEFEFE7C07247EA30C>I<780000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000 -FC0000FC0000FC0000FC07C0FC0FC0FC1F80FC3F00FC7E00FCFC00FDF800FFF000FFE000FFE000 -FFF000FFF000FFF800FFFC00FDFC00FCFE00FC7F00FC7F00FC3F80FC3F80FC1FC0FC0FC0780FC0 -12237CA21A>107 D<7CFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFE -FEFEFEFE7C07237EA20C>I<7C0FC01F80FE3FF07FE0FE7FF8FFF0FEFFFDFFF8FFC3FF87F8FF01 -FE03F8FF01FE03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE -01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8FE01FC03F8 -FE01FC03F87C00F801F025177D962C>I<7C1FC0FE3FE0FE7FF0FEFFF8FF87F8FF03F8FF03F8FE -03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE -03F8FE03F87C01F015177D961C>I<01FE0007FF801FFFE03FFFF03F87F07F03F87E01F8FE01FC -FE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FC7E01F87F03F87F87F83FFFF01FFFE0 -0FFFC001FE0016177E961B>I<7C1F80FE7FE0FFFFF0FFFFF0FF07F8FE03F8FE03FCFE01FCFE01 -FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE03F8FE03F8FF0FF8FFFFF0FFFFE0FEFF -C0FE3F00FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00007C000016217D961C ->I<7C1CFE3CFE7CFEFCFFFCFFE0FF80FF00FF00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE -00FE00FE00FE007C000E177D9613>114 D<0FF0001FFE007FFF007FFF00F81F00F80600F80200 -FC0000FFC0007FF8007FFC003FFE001FFF0007FF80007F80400F80600F80700F80FC1F80FFFF00 -FFFE003FFC000FF00011177E9615>I<0F80001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0007FFE00FFFF -00FFFF007FFE001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0 -001FC0001FC0001FC1001FE3000FFF800FFF8007FE0003F000111D7F9C14>I<7C01F0FE03F8FE -03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE -03F8FE03F8FE07F8FE07F8FE0FF87FFBF83FF3F80FC1F015177D961C>I<780078FC00FC7E01F8 -7E01F87E01F87F01F83F03F03F03F03F03F01F87E01F87E01F87E00FCFC00FCFC00FCFC00FEFC0 -07FF8007FF8007FF8003FF0003FF0003FF0001FE0016177F9619>I<7803E00780FC07F00FC0FC -07F80FC07E07F81F807E07F81F807E0FF81F807E0FFC1F803F0F7C3F003F0F7C3F003F1E7C3F00 -3F1E7E3F001F9E7E7E001F9E3E7E001F9E3E7E001FBC3F7E000FBC3FFC000FFC3FFC000FFC1FFC -000FF81FFC0007F81FF80007F81FF80007F80FF80003F007F00022177F9625>I<7C01F87E03F8 -7F03F03F87E01F8FE00FDFC007FF8007FF0003FF0001FE0000FC0000FC0001FE0003FE0003FF00 -07DF800FCFC01F87E03F87E03F03F07E01F8FE01FC7C00F816177F9619>II E /Fl 19 88 df<000000000030000000000070 -0000000000E00000000001C0000000000380000000000700000000000E00000000001C00000000 -00380000000000700000000000E00000000001C0000000000380000000000700000000000E0000 -0000001C0000000000380000000000700000000000E00000000001C00000000003800000000007 -00000000000E00000000001C0000000000380000000000700000000000E00000000001C0000000 -000380000000000700000000000E00000000001C0000000000380000000000700000000000E000 -00000001C0000000000380000000000700000000000E00000000001C0000000000380000000000 -700000000000E00000000000C000000000002C2C81AA2A>0 D<00300030003000700060006000 -6000E000C000C000C001C00180018001800380030003000300070006000600060006000E000C00 -0C000C001C0018001800180038003000300030007000600060006000E000C000C000C0000C2C81 -AA0A>3 D<00C000C000C001C00180018001800180038003000300030003000300070006000600 -060006000E000C000C000C000C001C001800180018001800380030003000300030003000700060 -00600060006000E000C000C000C0000A2C81AA08>I<0180018001800380030003000300030003 -000700060006000600060006000E000C000C000C000C000C001C00180018001800180018003800 -30003000300030003000700060006000600060006000E000C000C000C000C000092C81AA07>I< -0000000000300000000000F00000000003C0000000000F00000000003C0000000000F000000000 -03C0000000000F00000000003C0000000000F00000000003C0000000000F00000000003C000000 -0000F00000000003C0000000000F00000000003C0000000000F00000000003C0000000000F0000 -0000003C0000000000F00000000000C000000000002C1781952A>8 D<0000000C0000001C0000 -0018000000380000007000000060000000E0000001C00000018000000380000007000000060000 -000E0000001C00000018000000380000007000000060000000E0000001C0000001800000038000 -0007000000060000000E0000001C00000018000000380000007000000060000000E0000001C000 -00018000000380000007000000060000000E0000001C0000001800000038000000700000006000 -0000E0000000C00000001E2C81AA1C>10 D<0040004000C001C001C003C003C007C00FE01FE01F -E03FE07FE0FFE00FF000F00C1080A80A>23 D<000000006000000000E000000001C00000000180 -000000038000000007000000000E000000000C000000001C0000000038000000007000000000E0 -00000000C000000001C0000000038000000007000000000E000000000C000000001C0000000038 -0000000070000000006000000000E000000001C00000000380000000070000000006000000000E -000000001C00000000380000000070000000006000000000E000000001C0000000038000000003 -0000000007000000000E000000001C00000000380000000030000000007000000000E000000000 -C000000000232C81AA21>28 D<0000000000300000000001F00000000007C0000000003E000000 -0000F80000000007C0000000001F0000000000F80000000003E0000000000F00000000007C0000 -000001F0000000000F80000000003E0000000001F00000000007C0000000003E0000000000F800 -00000000C000000000002C1381912A>33 D<8000F000FC00FF00FFE0FFFEFFFEFFE0FF00FC00F0 -0080000F0C67852A>45 D<06000600060006000F000F000F001F801F803FC03FC07FE07FE07FE0 -FFF00C0F86A72A>54 D63 DII67 DII76 D<00F00FF0FFE07FE03FE01FE01F -E00FE007C003C003C001C001C000C0004000400C1080900A>87 D E /Fm -4 89 df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n 81 125 df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o 10 58 df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p 63 124 df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q 26 89 df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r 6 118 df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s 8 117 df<00000007C0000000000FC00000 -00000FC0000000001FC0000000003FC0000000007FC000000000FFC000000000FFC000000001FF -C000000003FFC000000007FFC00000000FFFC00000000FFFC00000001EFFC00000003CFFC00000 -007CFFC0000000F8FFC0000000F0FFC0000001E0FFC0000003C0FFC0000007C0FFC000000F80FF -C000000F00FFC000001E00FFC000003C00FFC000007C00FFC00000F800FFC00000F000FFC00001 -E000FFC00003C000FFC00007C000FFC0000F8000FFC0000F0000FFC0001E0000FFC0003C0000FF -C0007C0000FFC000F80000FFC000FFFFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFFFC000 -0001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FF -C000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC0000007FFFFFFC00007FFFFFFC00007FFFFFFC000 -07FFFFFFC02A377DB631>52 D<0000001FFF000070000001FFFFE000F000000FFFFFFC01F00000 -7FFFFFFF03F00001FFFE007F87F00007FFE0000FEFF0000FFF000003FFF0003FFE000001FFF000 -7FF8000000FFF000FFF00000007FF001FFE00000003FF003FFC00000001FF003FF800000001FF0 -07FF800000000FF00FFF0000000007F00FFF0000000007F01FFE0000000007F01FFE0000000003 -F03FFC0000000003F03FFC0000000003F07FFC0000000001F07FFC0000000001F07FFC00000000 -01F07FF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000 -000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF80000 -00000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF80000000000007FF800 -00000000007FFC0000000000007FFC0000000000F07FFC0000000000F03FFC0000000000F03FFC -0000000000F01FFE0000000000F01FFE0000000001F00FFF0000000001E00FFF0000000003E007 -FF8000000003E003FF8000000007C003FFC000000007C001FFE00000000F8000FFF00000001F00 -007FF80000003E00003FFE0000007C00000FFF000001F8000007FFE00007F0000001FFFE003FC0 -0000007FFFFFFF800000000FFFFFFC0000000001FFFFF000000000001FFF0000003C3D7BBB47> -67 D<001FFF00000001FFFFF0000007FFFFFC00000FF807FF00001FF801FF80001FFC00FFC000 -1FFC007FE0001FFC007FE0001FFC007FF0001FFC003FF0000FF8003FF00007F0003FF00001C000 -3FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000FFFFF000000FFFFFF000007FF83FF000 -03FF803FF00007FE003FF0001FFC003FF0003FF8003FF0007FF0003FF0007FE0003FF000FFE000 -3FF000FFC0003FF000FFC0003FF000FFC0003FF000FFC0007FF000FFC0007FF000FFE000FFF000 -7FF001DFF0003FF803DFF8001FFC0F8FFFF00FFFFE0FFFF001FFFC07FFF0003FE000FFF02C267D -A530>97 D<0001FFC000000FFFF800003FFFFE0000FF80FF0001FE003F8007FC001FC00FF8000F -E00FF8000FF01FF00007F03FF00007F83FF00007F87FE00007F87FE00003FC7FE00003FC7FE000 -03FCFFE00003FCFFFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFFFCFFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0000000FFE0 -0000007FE00000007FE00000007FE00000003FE00000003FF000003C1FF000003C1FF000003C0F -F800007807FC0000F803FE0001F001FF0007E000FFC03FC0003FFFFF000007FFFC000000FFE000 -26267DA52D>101 D<00FF00000000FFFF00000000FFFF00000000FFFF00000000FFFF00000000 -07FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF00 -00000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF00000000 -03FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF007FC00003FF01FFF80003FF07 -FFFE0003FF1F03FF0003FF3C01FF0003FF7801FF8003FF7000FF8003FFE000FFC003FFC000FFC0 -03FFC000FFC003FF8000FFC003FF8000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF00 -00FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC0 -03FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF00 -00FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC0FFFFFC3FFFFF -FFFFFC3FFFFFFFFFFC3FFFFFFFFFFC3FFFFF303C7CBB37>104 D<00FF01FF8000FFFF0FFFF000 -FFFF3FFFFC00FFFFFE03FF00FFFFF001FFC003FFE0007FE003FF80007FF003FF80003FF803FF00 -001FF803FF00001FFC03FF00000FFC03FF00000FFE03FF00000FFE03FF00000FFE03FF000007FF -03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF00 -0007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF00000FFE03FF00000FFE03FF00000FFE03FF00001FFC -03FF00001FFC03FF00001FF803FF80003FF003FFC0007FF003FFE000FFE003FFF001FF8003FFFC -07FF0003FF3FFFFC0003FF0FFFF00003FF01FF000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF00000000 -03FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF00 -00000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF00000000FFFFFC000000FFFFFC000000FFFFFC000000 -FFFFFC00000030377DA537>112 D<00FE03F000FFFE0FFE00FFFE3FFF80FFFE3C7FC0FFFE707F -C007FEF0FFE003FEE0FFE003FEC0FFE003FFC0FFE003FF80FFE003FF807FC003FF803F8003FF80 -0E0003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF -00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003 -FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF00000003FF000000FFFFFE0000FFFFFE0000 -FFFFFE0000FFFFFE000023267DA529>114 D<0007800000078000000780000007800000078000 -000F8000000F8000000F8000000F8000001F8000001F8000003F8000003F8000007F800000FF80 -0001FF800007FF80001FFFFFF0FFFFFFF0FFFFFFF0FFFFFFF001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF -800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001 -FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF800001FF803C01FF803C01FF803C01FF803C -01FF803C01FF803C01FF803C01FF803C00FF807800FFC078007FC0F8007FE1F0001FFFE00007FF -C00001FF001E377EB626>116 D E /Ft 22 90 df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u -21 111 df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v 24 122 df<1C007F00FF80FF80FF80FF80FF -807F001C0009097B8813>46 D<003F800001FFF00007E0FC000FC07E001F803F001F803F003F00 -1F803F001F807F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF -001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0 -FF001FE07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC03F001F803F001F801F803F001F803F000FC07E -0007E0FC0001FFF000003F80001B277DA622>48 D<000E00001E00007E0007FE00FFFE00FFFE00 -F8FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00 -00FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00 -00FE0000FE0000FE0000FE007FFFFE7FFFFE7FFFFE17277BA622>I<00FF800003FFF0000FFFFC -003F03FF007C00FF807C007FC0FE007FC0FF003FE0FF003FE0FF003FE0FF001FE07E001FE03C00 -3FE000003FE000003FC000003FC000007F8000007F800000FF000001FE000001FC000003F00000 -07E000000FC000001F0000003E0000007C00E0007800E000F000E001E001C0038001C0070001C0 -0FFFFFC01FFFFFC03FFFFFC07FFFFFC0FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF801B277DA622>I<007F8000 -03FFF00007FFFC001F81FE001F00FF003F80FF003F807F803FC07F803F807F803F807F801F007F -800000FF800000FF000000FF000001FE000003F8000007F00000FFC00000FFF0000001FC000000 -FF0000007F8000007FC000003FC000003FE000003FE000003FE03C003FE07E003FE0FF003FE0FF -003FE0FF003FC0FF007FC0FE007F807C00FF803F01FF001FFFFC0007FFF00000FF80001B277DA6 -22>I<00000E0000001E0000003E0000007E000000FE000000FE000001FE000003FE0000077E00 -000E7E00000E7E00001C7E0000387E0000707E0000E07E0000E07E0001C07E0003807E0007007E -000E007E000E007E001C007E0038007E0070007E00E0007E00FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF80000 -FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE00007FFFF8007FFFF800 -7FFFF81D277EA622>I<000003800000000007C00000000007C0000000000FE0000000000FE000 -0000000FE0000000001FF0000000001FF0000000003FF8000000003FF8000000003FF800000000 -73FC0000000073FC00000000F3FE00000000E1FE00000000E1FE00000001C0FF00000001C0FF00 -000003C0FF80000003807F80000007807FC0000007003FC0000007003FC000000E003FE000000E -001FE000001E001FF000001C000FF000001FFFFFF000003FFFFFF800003FFFFFF80000780007FC -0000700003FC0000700003FC0000E00001FE0000E00001FE0001E00001FF0001C00000FF0001C0 -0000FF00FFFE001FFFFEFFFE001FFFFEFFFE001FFFFE2F297EA834>65 D73 D75 DI<0000FFE000000007FFFC0000003FC07F8000007F001FC00001FC0007F00003F80003F800 -07F00001FC000FF00001FE001FE00000FF001FE00000FF003FC000007F803FC000007F807FC000 -007FC07F8000003FC07F8000003FC07F8000003FC0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0 -FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000 -003FE07F8000003FC07FC000007FC07FC000007FC03FC000007F803FC000007F801FE00000FF00 -1FE00000FF000FF00001FE0007F00001FC0003F80003F80001FC0007F00000FF001FE000003FC0 -7F8000000FFFFE00000000FFE000002B297CA834>79 D<007F806003FFF0E00FFFFFE01F807FE0 -3F001FE07E0007E07E0003E07C0003E0FC0001E0FC0001E0FC0000E0FE0000E0FE0000E0FF0000 -00FFC000007FFE00007FFFE0003FFFFC003FFFFF001FFFFF8007FFFFC003FFFFE000FFFFF00007 -FFF000007FF000000FF8000007F8000003F8E00003F8E00001F8E00001F8E00001F8F00001F8F0 -0001F0F80003F0FC0003E0FF0007E0FFE01FC0FFFFFF00E0FFFE00C01FF0001D297CA826>83 -D<01FF800007FFF0000F81FC001FC0FE001FC07F001FC07F001FC03F800F803F8000003F800000 -3F8000003F80000FFF8000FFFF8007FC3F801FE03F803F803F807F803F807F003F80FE003F80FE -003F80FE003F80FE007F80FF007F807F00FFC03F83DFFC0FFF0FFC01FC03FC1E1B7E9A21>97 -D<00003FF80000003FF80000003FF800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003 -F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800001F -E3F80000FFFBF80003F03FF8000FE00FF8001FC007F8003F8003F8003F8003F8007F8003F8007F -0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800 -FF0003F800FF0003F8007F0003F8007F0003F8003F8003F8003F8007F8001FC00FF8000FE01FF8 -0003F03FFF8000FFF3FF80003FC3FF80212A7EA926>100 D<003FE00001FFF80003F07E000FE0 -3F001FC01F803F800FC03F800FC07F000FC07F0007E0FF0007E0FF0007E0FF0007E0FFFFFFE0FF -FFFFE0FF000000FF000000FF000000FF0000007F0000007F8000003F8000E03F8001E01FC001C0 -0FE003C003F81F8000FFFE00001FF0001B1B7E9A20>I<07001FC01FE03FE03FE03FE01FE01FC0 -07000000000000000000000000000000FFE0FFE0FFE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00F -E00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE0FFFEFFFEFFFE0F2B7DAA14>105 -D109 DI<003FE00001FFFC0003F0 -7E000FC01F801F800FC03F800FE03F0007E07F0007F07F0007F07F0007F0FF0007F8FF0007F8FF -0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F87F0007F07F0007F03F800FE03F800FE0 -1F800FC00FC01F8007F07F0001FFFC00003FE0001D1B7E9A22>II114 D<03FE300FFFF03E03F07800F07000F0F00070F00070F80070FC0000FFE000FFFE -007FFFC03FFFE01FFFF007FFF800FFFC0003FC0000FCE0007CE0003CF0003CF0003CF80078FC00 -78FF01F0F7FFC0C1FF00161B7E9A1B>I<00700000700000700000700000F00000F00000F00001 -F00003F00003F00007F0001FFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007 -F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F03807F03807F03807F03807F03807F03807 -F03803F87001F8F000FFE0001F8015267FA51B>I121 D -E /Fw 35 123 df<387C7E7E3E0E1E3C7CF860070B798416>44 D<03E0000FF8001FFC001E3C00 -380E00780F00700700700700E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380F00780 -700700700700780F003C1E001E3C001FFC000FF80003E00011197E9816>48 -D<01800380038007800F807F80FF80738003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380 -0380038003807FF87FFC7FF80E197C9816>I<07E0001FF8007FFE00783F00F00F00F00780F003 -80F00380000380000380000780000700000F00001E00003C0000780000F00003E0000780000F00 -001E03803C03807FFF80FFFF807FFF8011197E9816>I<07E0001FFC007FFE00781F00780F0078 -0700000700000F00000F00003E0007FC0007F80007FC00001E00000700000780000380000380F0 -0380F00780F00700F81F007FFE003FFC0007E00011197E9816>I<007C0000FC0000DC0001DC00 -039C00039C00071C000F1C000E1C001E1C003C1C00381C00781C00F01C00FFFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE0 -001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0001FFC001FFC001FFC013197F9816>I55 -D<70F8F8F870000000000000000070F8F8F8700512789116>58 D<387C7C7C3800000000000000 -00387C7C7C3C1C3C38F8F0600618799116>I<7FF800FFFE007FFF001C0F001C07801C03801C03 -801C03801C07801C07001FFF001FFE001FFE001C1F001C03801C03C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01 -C01C03C01C07807FFF80FFFF007FFC0012197F9816>66 D<01F18007FF800FFF801F0F803C0780 -780780780380700380F00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000F00000700380 -7803807803803C07801F0F000FFE0007FC0001F00011197E9816>I<7FFFC0FFFFC07FFFC01C01 -C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C00001C00001C1C001C1C001FFC001FFC001FFC001C1C001C1C001C00 -001C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E07FFFE0FFFFE07FFFE013197F9816>69 -DI73 D76 DI<1FFC003FFE00 -7FFF00780F00F00780E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380 -E00380E00380E00380E00380F00780F00780780F007FFF003FFE001FFC0011197E9816>79 -D<07E3001FFF007FFF00781F00F00F00E00700E00700E00000F000007800007F80001FF00007FC -0000FE00000F00000780000380000380E00380E00380F00780F80F00FFFE00FFFC00C7F0001119 -7E9816>83 D<7FFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0E000E00000E00000E00000E000 -00E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00007FC000FFE00 -07FC0013197F9816>I86 D<7F1F807F3F807F1F800E1E000E1C00073C0007380003B800 -03F00001F00001E00000E00001E00001F00003F00003B80007B800071C00071C000E0E000E0E00 -1C07007F1FC0FF1FE07F1FC013197F9816>88 D91 D93 D<1FE0007FF8007FFC00783C00301E00000E00000E0003FE001FFE007E0E00F0 -0E00E00E00E00E00F01E00F83E007FFFE03FE7E00F83E013127E9116>97 -D<03E00FF81FFC3C1E780E7007E007FFFFFFFFFFFFE000E000700778073C0F1FFE0FFC03F01012 -7D9116>101 D<001F00007F8000FF8001E78001C30001C00001C0007FFF00FFFF00FFFF0001C0 -0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0003FFE007FFF -003FFE0011197F9816>I<018003C003C0018000000000000000007FC07FC07FC001C001C001C0 -01C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C07FFFFFFF7FFF101A7D9916>105 -D108 DI<7E3C00FEFF007FFF800F -87800F03800F03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03807FC7F0FF -E7F87FC7F01512809116>I<03E0000FF8001FFC003C1E00780F00700700E00380E00380E00380 -E00380E00380F00780700700780F003C1E001FFC000FF80003E00011127E9116>I<7E3E00FEFF -807FFFC00F83E00F01E00E00F00E00F00E00700E00700E00700E00700E00F00F00E00F01E00F83 -C00FFFC00EFF000E3C000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00007FC000FFE0007FC000141B -809116>I114 D<03000007000007000007 -00000700007FFF00FFFF00FFFF0007000007000007000007000007000007000007000007010007 -038007038007078007878003FF0003FE0000F80011177F9616>116 D<3FFFC07FFFC07FFFC070 -0780700F00701E00003C0000780001F00003E0000780000F00001E01C03C01C07801C0FFFFC0FF -FFC0FFFFC012127F9116>122 D E /Fx 36 121 df<0006000000060000000600000006000000 -0600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000FFFFFFE0 -FFFFFFE00006000000060000000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000000600 -00000600000006000000060000000600001B1C7E9720>43 D -II<03C00FF01FF83C3C381C700E700E700EE007E007E007E007E007E0 -07E007E007E007E007E007E007E007700E700E700E381C3C3C1FF80FF007E0101D7E9B15>48 -D<010007003F00FF00C70007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700 -0700070007000700070007000700FFF8FFF80D1C7C9B15>I<07C01FF03878701C601EE00EC00F -400F400700070007000F000E001E001C003C007800F001E001C0038007000E001C0038007000FF -FFFFFF101C7E9B15>I<003C00007C00005C0000DC0001DC00019C00039C00039C00071C00071C -000E1C000E1C001C1C003C1C00381C00781C00701C00F01C00FFFFC0FFFFC0001C00001C00001C -00001C00001C00001C00001C00121B7F9A15>52 D<00F803FC07040E001C003800380070007000 -71F0E7F8EFFCFC3CF81EF00EF007E007E007E007E007E00770077007700E300E381C1C380FF003 -E0101D7E9B15>54 DI<001C0000003E0000 -003E0000002E0000006700000067000000E7800000C7800000C3800001C3C0000183C0000181C0 -000381E0000381E0000700F0000700F0000600F0000E0078000FFFF8000FFFF8001C003C001C00 -3C0018003C0038001E0038001E0070001F0070000F0070000F00E0000780191D7F9C1C>65 -DI<003FC000FFF003C0F00780300F00001E00003C00003C -0000780000780000780000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F0000078 -00007800007800003C00003C00001E00000F000807801803C07800FFF0003F80151F7D9D1B>I< -FFFC00FFFF00F00F80F003E0F001F0F000F0F00078F00038F0003CF0003CF0001CF0001EF0001E -F0001EF0001EF0001EF0001EF0001EF0001EF0003CF0003CF0003CF00078F000F0F000F0F003E0 -F00FC0FFFF00FFFC00171D7C9C1E>III<003F8001FFF003C0F80780380F00181E00003C00003C0000780000780000 -780000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F007F8F007F8F00038780038780038780038 -3C00383C00381E00380F003807803803C0F801FFF0003F80151F7D9D1C>III<00780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078 -00780078007800780078007800780078C078E0F0FFF07FE01F800D1E7E9C14>IIIII<003F000001FFE00003FFF00007C0F8000F807C00 -1E001E003E001F003C000F00780007807800078078000780F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003 -C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F80007C078000780780007807C000F803C000F003E00 -1F001F003E000F807C0007C0F80003FFF00001FFE000003F00001A1F7E9D1F>II82 D<03F8000FFE001C0F00380700 -700300600000E00000E00000E00000E00000F000007800007F00003FE0001FFC0007FE0001FF00 -001F800007800003C00003C00001C00001C00001C00001C0C00180E00380F007007C0E001FFC00 -07F000121F7E9D17>IIIII<7800 -0E007C001E003C003C001E0038000F0070000F00F0000781E00003C1C00001C3C00001E7800000 -F70000007E0000003E0000003C0000003C0000007E00000077000000E7800001E3800003C1C000 -0381E0000700F0000F00F8000E0078001C003C003C003E0078001F0070000F00F0000F80191D7F -9C1C>I<7FFFF07FFFF00001E00003E00003C00007C0000780000F00001F00001E00003E00003C -0000780000F80000F00001F00001E00003C00007C0000780000F80000F00001E00003E00003C00 -007C0000780000FFFFF0FFFFF0141D7E9C19>90 DI93 -D<7003807807003C0E001C1C000E1C0007380003F00001E00001C00001E00003F0000738000E18 -000E1C001C0E00380700700380F003C01212809113>120 D E /Fy 63 124 -df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z 60 124 df<000FF000007FFC0001F80E0003E01F0007C0 -3F000F803F000F803F000F801E000F800C000F8000000F8000000F8000000F800000FFFFFF00FF -FFFF000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F00 -0F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F000F801F007FF0FF -E07FF0FFE01B237FA21F>12 D<00180030006000C001C00380070007000E001E001C003C003C00 -3C007800780078007800F800F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F800780078 -00780078003C003C003C001C001E000E0007000700038001C000C00060003000180D317BA416> -40 DI<387CFEFEFE7C380707 -7C8610>46 D<00FE0007FFC00F83E01F01F03E00F83E00F87C007C7C007C7C007CFC007CFC007E -FC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E7C007C -7C007C7C007C3E00F83E00F81F01F00F83E007FFC000FE0017207E9F1C>48 -D<00180000780001F800FFF800FFF80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F8 -0001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F8 -0001F80001F80001F80001F8007FFFE07FFFE013207C9F1C>I<03FC000FFF003C1FC07007E07C -07F0FE03F0FE03F8FE03F8FE01F87C01F83803F80003F80003F00003F00007E00007C0000F8000 -1F00003E0000380000700000E01801C0180380180700180E00380FFFF01FFFF03FFFF07FFFF0FF -FFF0FFFFF015207D9F1C>I<00FE0007FFC00F07E01E03F03F03F03F81F83F81F83F81F81F03F8 -1F03F00003F00003E00007C0001F8001FE0001FF000007C00001F00001F80000FC0000FC3C00FE -7E00FEFF00FEFF00FEFF00FEFF00FC7E01FC7801F81E07F00FFFC001FE0017207E9F1C>I<0000 -E00001E00003E00003E00007E0000FE0001FE0001FE00037E00077E000E7E001C7E00187E00307 -E00707E00E07E00C07E01807E03807E07007E0E007E0FFFFFEFFFFFE0007E00007E00007E00007 -E00007E00007E00007E000FFFE00FFFE17207E9F1C>I<1000201E01E01FFFC01FFF801FFF001F -FE001FF8001BC00018000018000018000018000019FC001FFF001E0FC01807E01803E00003F000 -03F00003F80003F83803F87C03F8FE03F8FE03F8FC03F0FC03F07007E03007C01C1F800FFF0003 -F80015207D9F1C>I<001F8000FFE003F07007C0F00F01F81F01F83E01F83E01F87E00F07C0000 -7C0000FC0800FC7FC0FCFFE0FD80F0FF00F8FE007CFE007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E7C007E -7C007E7C007E3C007C3E007C1E00F80F00F00783E003FFC000FF0017207E9F1C>I<6000007800 -007FFFFE7FFFFE7FFFFC7FFFF87FFFF87FFFF0E00060E000C0C00180C00300C00300000600000C -00001C0000180000380000780000780000F00000F00000F00001F00001F00001F00003F00003F0 -0003F00003F00003F00003F00003F00001E00017227DA11C>I<00FE0003FFC00601E00C007018 -00701800383800383C00383F00383F80783FE0701FF8E01FFFC00FFF8007FFC003FFE007FFF01E -7FF83C1FFC7807FC7801FEF000FEF0003EF0001EF0001EF0001CF8001C7800383C00381F01F00F -FFC001FF0017207E9F1C>I<01FE0007FF800F83E01E01F03E00F07C00F87C0078FC007CFC007C -FC007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E7C00FE7C00FE3E01FE1E037E0FFE7E07FC7E00207E00007C -00007C1E007C3F00F83F00F83F00F03F01E01E03C01C0F800FFE0003F80017207E9F1C>I<387C -FEFEFE7C380000000000000000387CFEFEFE7C3807167C9510>I<000070000000007000000000 -F800000000F800000000F800000001FC00000001FC00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE000000 -06FF000000067F0000000E7F8000000C3F8000000C3F800000183FC00000181FC00000381FE000 -00300FE00000300FE00000600FF000006007F00000E007F80000FFFFF80000FFFFF800018001FC -00018001FC00038001FE00030000FE00030000FE000600007F000600007F00FFE00FFFF8FFE00F -FFF825227EA12A>65 DI<0003FE0080001FFF -818000FF01E38001F8003F8003E0001F8007C0000F800F800007801F800007803F000003803F00 -0003807F000001807E000001807E00000180FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE -00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE000000007E000000007E000001807F000001803F00000180 -3F000003801F800003000F8000030007C000060003F0000C0001F800380000FF00F000001FFFC0 -000003FE000021227DA128>IIII<0003FE0040001FFFC0C0007F00F1C001F8003FC003F0000FC007C00007C00F -C00003C01F800003C03F000001C03F000001C07F000000C07E000000C07E000000C0FE00000000 -FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE000FFFFC7E000FFF -FC7F00001FC07F00001FC03F00001FC03F00001FC01F80001FC00FC0001FC007E0001FC003F000 -1FC001FC003FC0007F80E7C0001FFFC3C00003FF00C026227DA12C>III75 DIII<0007FC0000003FFF800000FC07E00003F001F80007E000FC000FC0007E -001F80003F001F80003F003F00001F803F00001F807F00001FC07E00000FC07E00000FC0FE0000 -0FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00 -000FE07E00000FC07F00001FC07F00001FC03F00001F803F80003F801F80003F000FC0007E0007 -E000FC0003F001F80000FC07E000003FFF80000007FC000023227DA12A>II82 -D<01FC0407FF8C1F03FC3C007C7C003C78001C78001CF8000CF8000CFC000CFC0000FF0000FFE0 -007FFF007FFFC03FFFF01FFFF80FFFFC03FFFE003FFE0003FF00007F00003F00003FC0001FC000 -1FC0001FE0001EE0001EF0003CFC003CFF00F8C7FFE080FF8018227DA11F>I<7FFFFFFF807FFF -FFFF807E03F80F807803F807807003F803806003F80180E003F801C0E003F801C0C003F800C0C0 -03F800C0C003F800C0C003F800C00003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F80000 -0003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800 -000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F8000003FFFF -F80003FFFFF80022227EA127>IIII<07FC001FFF803F07C03F03 -E03F01E03F01F01E01F00001F00001F0003FF003FDF01FC1F03F01F07E01F0FC01F0FC01F0FC01 -F0FC01F07E02F07E0CF81FF87F07E03F18167E951B>97 DI<00FF8007FFE00F83F01F03F03E03F07E03F07C01E07C0000 -FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC00007C00007E00007E00003E00301F00600FC0E007FF80 -00FE0014167E9519>I<0001FE000001FE0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000 -003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0001FC3E0007FFBE000F81FE001F007E00 -3E003E007E003E007C003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E -00FC003E007C003E007C003E003E007E001E00FE000F83BE0007FF3FC001FC3FC01A237EA21F> -I<00FE0007FF800F87C01E01E03E01F07C00F07C00F8FC00F8FC00F8FFFFF8FFFFF8FC0000FC00 -00FC00007C00007C00007E00003E00181F00300FC07003FFC000FF0015167E951A>I<003F8000 -FFC001E3E003C7E007C7E00F87E00F83C00F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F8000FFFC00FF -FC000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F -80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80007FF8007FF80013237FA211>I<03FC1E0FFF7F1F0F8F -3E07CF3C03C07C03E07C03E07C03E07C03E07C03E03C03C03E07C01F0F801FFF0013FC00300000 -3000003800003FFF801FFFF00FFFF81FFFFC3800FC70003EF0001EF0001EF0001EF0001E78003C -7C007C3F01F80FFFE001FF0018217E951C>II<1C003F007F007F007F003F001C000000000000000000000000000000FF -00FF001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F00 -FFE0FFE00B247EA310>I107 DIII<00FE0007FFC00F83E01E00F03E00F87C007C7C007C7C007CFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E -FC007EFC007EFC007E7C007C7C007C3E00F81F01F00F83E007FFC000FE0017167E951C>II<00FE030007FF87000FC1C7001F006F003F003F007E003F -007E001F007C001F00FC001F00FC001F00FC001F00FC001F00FC001F00FC001F00FC001F007E00 -1F007E001F003E003F001F007F000FC1DF0007FF9F0001FC1F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000 -001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F000000FFE00000FFE01B207E951E>II<0FF3003FFF00781F0060 -0700E00300E00300F00300FC00007FE0007FF8003FFE000FFF0001FF00000F80C00780C00380E0 -0380E00380F00700FC0E00EFFC00C7F00011167E9516>I<018000018000018000018000038000 -0380000780000780000F80003F8000FFFF00FFFF000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F8000 -0F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F81800F81800F81800F81800F81800F830007C30003FE00 -00F80011207F9F16>III120 DI123 D E /FA 37 123 df<003FE3F801F03F1C03C03E3E -07C07C3E0F807C3E0F807C1C0F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C00FFFFFFC0FFFFFF -C00F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F80 -7C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C007FE1FFC07FE1FFC01F1D809C1C>11 -D<003FC00001F0300003C0380007C07C000F807C000F807C000F8038000F8000000F8000000F80 -00000F800000FFFFFC00FFFFFC000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F -807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C000F807C007FE1FF807FE1FF80 -191D809C1B>I<78FCFCFCFC7806067D850D>46 D<00038000000380000007C0000007C0000007 -C000000FE000000FE000001FF000001BF000001BF0000031F8000031F8000061FC000060FC0000 -E0FE0000C07E0000C07E0001803F0001FFFF0003FFFF8003001F8003001F8006000FC006000FC0 -0E000FE00C0007E0FFC07FFEFFC07FFE1F1C7E9B24>65 D<001FE02000FFF8E003F80FE007C003 -E00F8001E01F0000E03E0000E03E0000607E0000607C000060FC000000FC000000FC000000FC00 -0000FC000000FC000000FC000000FC0000007C0000607E0000603E0000603E0000C01F0000C00F -80018007C0030003F80E0000FFFC00001FE0001B1C7D9B22>67 DII73 D77 D80 D82 D<07F8201FFEE03C07E07801E07000E0F000E0F00060F00060F80000FE0000FFE0007FFE -003FFF003FFF800FFFC007FFE0007FE00003F00001F00000F0C000F0C000F0C000E0E000E0F001 -C0FC03C0EFFF0083FC00141C7D9B1B>I<7FFFFFE07FFFFFE0781F81E0701F80E0601F8060E01F -8070C01F8030C01F8030C01F8030C01F8030001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F800000 -1F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000 -001F800007FFFE0007FFFE001C1C7E9B21>III<0FF8001C1E003E0F803E07803E07C01C07C00007C0007FC007E7C0 -1F07C03C07C07C07C0F807C0F807C0F807C0780BC03E13F80FE1F815127F9117>97 -DI<03FC000E0E001C1F003C1F00781F00780E00F80000F8 -0000F80000F80000F80000F800007800007801803C01801C03000E0E0003F80011127E9115>I< -000FF0000FF00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F001F9F00F07F0 -1C03F03C01F07801F07801F0F801F0F801F0F801F0F801F0F801F0F801F07801F07801F03C01F0 -1C03F00F0FFE03F9FE171D7E9C1B>I<01FC000F07001C03803C01C07801C07801E0F801E0F801 -E0FFFFE0F80000F80000F800007800007C00603C00601E00C00F038001FC0013127F9116>I<03 -F8F00E0F381E0F381C07303C07803C07803C07803C07801C07001E0F000E0E001BF80010000018 -00001800001FFF001FFFC00FFFE01FFFF07801F8F00078F00078F000787000707800F01E03C007 -FF00151B7F9118>103 DI<1E003F003F003F003F001E00 -000000000000000000000000FF00FF001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F -001F001F00FFE0FFE00B1E7F9D0E>I108 DII<01FC000F07801C01C03C01E07800F07800F0F800F8F800F8F800F8F800F8F800 -F8F800F87800F07800F03C01E01E03C00F078001FC0015127F9118>II<03F060 -0F0CE01E07E03C03E07C03E07803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E07803E07C03E0 -3C03E01C07E00E0FE003F3E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E0001FFC001FFC161A7E -9119>II<1FD830786018E018E018F000FF -807FE07FF01FF807FC007CC01CC01CE01CE018F830CFC00E127E9113>I<030003000300030007 -0007000F000F003FFCFFFC1F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F0C1F0C1F0C1F0C0F08 -079803F00E1A7F9913>III120 -DI<3FFF803C1F00303F00303E00607C0060FC0060F80001F00003F00007E00007 -C1800F81801F81801F03803E03007E07007C0F00FFFF0011127F9115>I -E /FB 10 122 df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df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df<007E1F0001C1B1800303E3C00703C3 -C00E03C1800E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C000FFFFFC000E01C0000E01 -C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E -01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0007F87FC001A1D809C18>11 -D<007E0001C1800301800703C00E03C00E01800E00000E00000E00000E00000E0000FFFFC00E01 -C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01 -C00E01C00E01C07F87F8151D809C17>I<007FC001C1C00303C00703C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E -01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0FFFFC00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E -01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C07FCFF8151D809C17>I<003F07E00001 -C09C18000380F018000701F03C000E01E03C000E00E018000E00E000000E00E000000E00E00000 -0E00E000000E00E00000FFFFFFFC000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C -000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E0 -1C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C007FC7FCFF80211D809C23>I<6060F0F0F8F868680808 -08080808101010102020404080800D0C7F9C15>34 D<0F0000C0188001C0306003807038078060 -27FF00E0100600E0100E00E0101C00E0101800E0103800E0103000E01070006020E0007020C000 -3041C000188380000F0303C000070620000E0C10000C1C08001C18080038380400303804007038 -040060380400E0380401C03804018038040380180807001C0806000C100E0006200C0003C01E21 -7E9E23>37 D<00E000000190000003080000030800000708000007080000070800000708000007 -10000007100000072000000740000003C03FE003800F00038006000380040005C0040009C00800 -10E0100030E010006070200060702000E0384000E03C4000E01C8000E00F0020E0070020700780 -403009C0401830E18007C03E001B1F7E9D20>I<60F0F8680808081010204080050C7C9C0C>I<00 -4000800100020006000C000C0018001800300030007000600060006000E000E000E000E000E000 -E000E000E000E000E000E000E000600060006000700030003000180018000C000C000600020001 -00008000400A2A7D9E10>I<800040002000100018000C000C0006000600030003000380018001 -80018001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C0018001800180038003000300 -060006000C000C00180010002000400080000A2A7E9E10>I<0006000000060000000600000006 -0000000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000FF -FFFFE0FFFFFFE00006000000060000000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000 -00060000000600000006000000060000000600001B1C7E9720>43 D<60F0F07010101010202040 -80040C7C830C>II<60F0F06004047C830C>I<00030003000700060006 -000E000C001C0018001800380030003000700060006000E000C000C001C0018003800300030007 -00060006000E000C000C001C001800180038003000700060006000E000C000C00010297E9E15> -I<03C00C301818300C300C700E60066006E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007 -E007E00760066006700E300C300C18180C3007E0101D7E9B15>I<030007003F00C70007000700 -070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007 -000F80FFF80D1C7C9B15>I<07C01830201C400C400EF00FF80FF807F8077007000F000E000E00 -1C001C00380070006000C00180030006010C01180110023FFE7FFEFFFE101C7E9B15>I<07E018 -30201C201C781E780E781E381E001C001C00180030006007E00030001C001C000E000F000F700F -F80FF80FF80FF00E401C201C183007E0101D7E9B15>I<000C00000C00001C00003C00003C0000 -5C0000DC00009C00011C00031C00021C00041C000C1C00081C00101C00301C00201C00401C00C0 -1C00FFFFC0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0001FFC0121C7F9B15>I<300C3F -F83FF03FC020002000200020002000200023E024302818301C200E000E000F000F000F600FF00F -F00FF00F800E401E401C2038187007C0101D7E9B15>I<00F0030C06040C0E181E301E300C7000 -70006000E3E0E430E818F00CF00EE006E007E007E007E007E007600760077006300E300C18180C -3003E0101D7E9B15>I<4000007FFF807FFF007FFF004002008004008004008008000010000010 -0000200000600000400000C00000C00001C0000180000180000380000380000380000380000780 -00078000078000078000078000078000030000111D7E9B15>I<03E00C301008200C2006600660 -0660067006780C3E083FB01FE007F007F818FC307E601E600FC007C003C003C003C00360026004 -300C1C1007E0101D7E9B15>I<03C00C301818300C700C600EE006E006E007E007E007E007E007 -6007700F300F18170C2707C700060006000E300C780C78187010203030C00F80101D7E9B15>I< -60F0F0600000000000000000000060F0F06004127C910C>I<60F0F06000000000000000000000 -60F0F0701010101020204080041A7C910C>I<7FFFFFC0FFFFFFE0000000000000000000000000 -0000000000000000000000000000000000000000FFFFFFE07FFFFFC01B0C7E8F20>61 -D<0FE03038401CE00EF00EF00EF00E000C001C0030006000C00080018001000100010001000100 -01000000000000000000000003000780078003000F1D7E9C14>63 D<0006000000060000000600 -00000F0000000F0000000F00000017800000178000001780000023C0000023C0000023C0000041 -E0000041E0000041E0000080F0000080F0000180F8000100780001FFF80003007C0002003C0002 -003C0006003E0004001E0004001E000C001F001E001F00FF80FFF01C1D7F9C1F>65 -DI<001F808000E0618001801980070007800E0003801C0003801C -00018038000180780000807800008070000080F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000 -F0000000F0000000F0000000700000807800008078000080380000801C0001001C0001000E0002 -00070004000180080000E03000001FC000191E7E9C1E>III< -FFFFF80F00780F00180F00080F00080F000C0F00040F00040F02040F02000F02000F02000F0600 -0FFE000F06000F02000F02000F02000F02000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F0000 -0F8000FFF800161C7E9B1B>I<001F808000E0618001801980070007800E0003801C0003801C00 -018038000180780000807800008070000080F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0 -000000F000FFF0F0000F80700007807800078078000780380007801C0007801C0007800E000780 -07000B800180118000E06080001F80001C1E7E9C21>III<1FFF00F800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800 -780078007800780078007800787078F878F878F878F0F040E021C01F00101D7F9B15>IIIII<003F800000E0E0000380380007001C000E000E001C0007003C000780380003807800 -03C0780003C0700001C0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F0 -0001E0700001C0780003C0780003C0380003803C0007801C0007000E000E0007001C0003803800 -00E0E000003F80001B1E7E9C20>II<003F800000E0E000038038 -0007001C000E000E001C0007003C00078038000380780003C0780003C0700001C0F00001E0F000 -01E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0700001C0780003C0780003C038 -0003803C0E07801C1107000E208E0007205C0003A0780000F0E020003FE0200000602000003060 -000038E000003FC000003FC000001F8000000F001B257E9C20>II<07E0801C1980 -300580700380600180E00180E00080E00080E00080F00000F800007C00007FC0003FF8001FFE00 -07FF0000FF80000F800007C00003C00001C08001C08001C08001C0C00180C00180E00300D00200 -CC0C0083F800121E7E9C17>I<7FFFFFC0700F01C0600F00C0400F0040400F0040C00F0020800F -0020800F0020800F0020000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F000000 -0F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000 -001F800003FFFC001B1C7F9B1E>IIII<7FF0FFC00FC03E000780180003C01800 -03E0100001E0200001F0600000F0400000788000007D8000003D0000001E0000001F0000000F00 -00000F8000000F80000013C0000023E0000021E0000041F00000C0F8000080780001007C000300 -3C0002001E0006001F001F003F80FFC0FFF01C1C7F9B1F>II<7FFFF07C01F07001E06003C0 -6003C0400780400F80400F00401E00001E00003C00007C0000780000F00000F00001E00003E000 -03C0100780100780100F00101F00301E00203C00203C00607800E0F803E0FFFFE0141C7E9B19> -I<08081010202040404040808080808080B0B0F8F8787830300D0C7A9C15>92 -D<1FC000307000783800781C00301C00001C00001C0001FC000F1C00381C00701C00601C00E01C -40E01C40E01C40603C40304E801F870012127E9115>97 D -I<07E00C301878307870306000E000E000E000E000E000E00060007004300418080C3007C00E12 -7E9112>I<003F0000070000070000070000070000070000070000070000070000070000070003 -E7000C1700180F00300700700700600700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E0070060070070 -0700300700180F000C370007C7E0131D7E9C17>I<03E00C301818300C700E6006E006FFFEE000 -E000E000E00060007002300218040C1803E00F127F9112>I<00F8018C071E061E0E0C0E000E00 -0E000E000E000E00FFE00E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E -000E007FE00F1D809C0D>I<00038003C4C00C38C01C3880181800381C00381C00381C00381C00 -1818001C38000C300013C0001000003000001800001FF8001FFF001FFF803003806001C0C000C0 -C000C0C000C06001803003001C0E0007F800121C7F9215>II<18003C003C0018000000000000000000000000000000FC001C001C001C001C001C001C001C -001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00FF80091D7F9C0C>I<00C001E001E000C0000000 -00000000000000000000000FE000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E0 -00E000E000E000E000E000E000E060E0F0C0F1C061803E000B25839C0D>IIIII<03F000 -0E1C00180600300300700380600180E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0600180700380 -3003001806000E1C0003F00012127F9115>II<03C1000C3300180B00300F0070 -0700700700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700600700700700300F00180F000C370007 -C700000700000700000700000700000700000700000700003FE0131A7E9116>II<1F90 -30704030C010C010E010F8007F803FE00FF000F880388018C018C018E010D0608FC00D127F9110 ->I<04000400040004000C000C001C003C00FFE01C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C -101C101C101C101C100C100E2003C00C1A7F9910>IIII<7F8FF00F03800F03000702 -0003840001C80001D80000F00000700000780000F800009C00010E00020E000607000403801E07 -C0FF0FF81512809116>II<7FFC70386038407040F040E041C003C0038007000F -040E041C043C0C380870087038FFF80E127F9112>III E /FE 16 117 df<000000F0000001F0000003E0000007C000001F8000003F800000 -7F000000FE000001FC000001F8000003F8000007F000000FE000000FE000001FC000003FC00000 -3F8000007F800000FF000000FF000001FE000001FE000003FE000003FC000007FC000007FC0000 -07F800000FF800000FF800000FF800001FF000001FF000001FF000003FF000003FF000003FE000 -003FE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE00000FFE00000FFC00000FFC0 -0000FFC00000FFC00000FFC00000FFC00000FFC00000FFC00000FFC00000FFC00000FFC00000FF -C00000FFC00000FFC00000FFC00000FFE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE00000 -7FE000003FE000003FE000003FF000003FF000001FF000001FF000001FF000000FF800000FF800 -000FF8000007F8000007FC000007FC000003FC000003FE000001FE000001FE000000FF000000FF -0000007F8000003F8000003FC000001FC000000FE000000FE0000007F0000003F8000001F80000 -01FC000000FE0000007F0000003F8000001F80000007C0000003F0000001F0000000F01C6776CC -2E>40 D<70000000F80000007C0000003E0000001F8000001FC000000FE0000007F0000003F800 -0001F8000001FC000000FE0000007F0000007F0000003F8000003FC000001FC000001FE000000F -F000000FF0000007F8000007F8000007FC000003FC000003FE000003FE000001FE000001FF0000 -01FF000001FF000000FF800000FF800000FF800000FFC00000FFC000007FC000007FC000007FE0 -00007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FF000003FF000003FF000003FF000003F -F000003FF000003FF000003FF000003FF000003FF000003FF000003FF000003FF000003FF00000 -3FF000003FF000007FF000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FE000007FC000 -007FC00000FFC00000FFC00000FF800000FF800000FF800001FF000001FF000001FF000001FE00 -0003FE000003FE000003FC000007FC000007F8000007F800000FF000000FF000001FE000001FC0 -00003FC000003F8000007F0000007F000000FE000001FC000001F8000003F8000007F000000FE0 -00001FC000001F8000003E0000007C000000F8000000700000001C6779CC2E>I69 D<00000003FFF0000000000000007FFFFF80000000000003FFFFFFF000000000 -000FFFFFFFFC00000000003FFF807FFF0000000000FFF80007FFC000000003FFE00001FFF00000 -0007FFC00000FFF80000000FFF0000003FFC0000001FFE0000001FFE0000003FFC0000000FFF00 -00007FFC0000000FFF800000FFF800000007FFC00001FFF000000003FFE00003FFF000000003FF -F00003FFE000000001FFF00007FFE000000001FFF80007FFC000000000FFF8000FFFC000000000 -FFFC000FFFC000000000FFFC001FFF80000000007FFE001FFF80000000007FFE003FFF80000000 -007FFF003FFF80000000007FFF003FFF80000000007FFF007FFF00000000003FFF807FFF000000 -00003FFF807FFF00000000003FFF807FFF00000000003FFF807FFF00000000003FFF80FFFF0000 -0000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00 -000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF -00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FF -FF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC07FFF00000000003FFF807FFF00000000003FFF80 -7FFF80000000007FFF807FFF80000000007FFF803FFF80000000007FFF003FFF80000000007FFF -003FFF80000000007FFF001FFFC000000000FFFE001FFFC000000000FFFE001FFFC000000000FF -FE000FFFE000000001FFFC000FFFE000000001FFFC0007FFE000000001FFF80003FFF000000003 -FFF00003FFF800000007FFF00001FFF800000007FFE00000FFFC0000000FFFC000007FFE000000 -1FFF8000007FFF0000003FFF8000003FFF8000007FFF0000000FFFC00000FFFC00000007FFF000 -03FFF800000003FFFC000FFFF000000000FFFF807FFFC0000000007FFFFFFFFF80000000000FFF -FFFFFC000000000003FFFFFFF00000000000007FFFFF8000000000000003FFF0000000004A4979 -C759>79 DI<0007FFFC000000007FFFFFC0 -000001FFFFFFF8000003FFFFFFFE000007FE001FFF000007FF0003FFC0000FFF8001FFE0000FFF -8000FFF0000FFF80007FF0000FFF80007FF8000FFF80007FF80007FF00003FFC0007FF00003FFC -0003FE00003FFC0000F800003FFC00000000003FFC00000000003FFC00000000003FFC00000000 -003FFC00000007FFFFFC000000FFFFFFFC000007FFFFFFFC00003FFFE03FFC0000FFFE003FFC00 -03FFF0003FFC0007FFC0003FFC000FFF00003FFC001FFE00003FFC003FFC00003FFC007FF80000 -3FFC007FF800003FFC00FFF000003FFC00FFF000003FFC00FFF000003FFC00FFF000003FFC00FF -F000003FFC00FFF000007FFC007FF80000FFFC007FF80001EFFC003FFC0003EFFC003FFF0007CF -FF000FFFC03F8FFFF807FFFFFF07FFFC01FFFFFC03FFFC007FFFF001FFFC0003FF80007FF8362E -7DAD3A>97 D<00001FFFC0000000FFFFF8000007FFFFFE00001FFFFFFF80007FFC00FFC000FFE0 -01FFC001FFC003FFE003FF8003FFE007FF0003FFE00FFE0003FFE00FFE0003FFE01FFC0001FFC0 -1FFC0001FFC03FFC0000FF803FFC00003E007FF8000000007FF8000000007FF800000000FFF800 -000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF800000000 -FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF8000000007FF8000000007FF8000000007FFC000000003FFC00 -0000003FFC000000001FFC000000F81FFE000000F80FFE000000F80FFF000001F007FF800003F0 -03FFC00007E001FFE0000FC000FFF0001F80007FFE00FF00001FFFFFFE000007FFFFF8000000FF -FFE00000001FFE00002D2E7CAD35>99 D<00000000007FC00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFF -C00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC0000000000003FFC0000000000001 -FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC00000000000 -01FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC000000000 -0001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000 -000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC00000000FFC01FFC00000 -00FFFF81FFC0000007FFFFE1FFC000001FFFFFF9FFC000007FFC03FFFFC00000FFF0007FFFC000 -01FFC0001FFFC00003FF80000FFFC00007FF000007FFC0000FFE000003FFC0000FFE000003FFC0 -001FFC000003FFC0001FFC000003FFC0003FFC000003FFC0003FFC000003FFC0007FF8000003FF -C0007FF8000003FFC0007FF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003 -FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF80000 -03FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC0007FF8000003FFC0007FF8000003FFC0007FF800 -0003FFC0003FF8000003FFC0003FFC000003FFC0003FFC000003FFC0001FFC000003FFC0001FFC -000003FFC0000FFE000007FFC00007FF00000FFFC00003FF00001FFFC00001FFC0003FFFC00000 -FFE000FFFFE000007FF807FBFFFF80001FFFFFF3FFFF800007FFFFC3FFFF800001FFFF03FFFF80 -00001FF803FFFF8039487CC742>I<00001FFE00000001FFFFE0000007FFFFF800001FFFFFFE00 -007FFC07FF0000FFE001FF8001FFC0007FC003FF80003FE007FF00003FF00FFE00001FF01FFE00 -000FF81FFC00000FF83FFC00000FFC3FFC000007FC7FFC000007FC7FF8000007FC7FF8000007FE -7FF8000007FEFFF8000007FEFFF8000007FEFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFF -FFFFFCFFF800000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF8000000007FF8000000007FF800000000 -7FFC000000003FFC000000003FFC000000003FFC0000001C1FFE0000003E0FFE0000003E07FF00 -00007E07FF000000FC03FF800001F801FFC00003F0007FF0001FE0003FFE00FFC0001FFFFFFF80 -0007FFFFFE000000FFFFF80000000FFF80002F2E7DAD36>I<00FC0001FF0003FF8007FFC00FFF -C01FFFE01FFFE01FFFE01FFFE01FFFE01FFFE00FFFC007FFC003FF8001FF0000FC000000000000 -00000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000007FC0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFF -C0FFFFC0FFFFC003FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FF -C001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FF -C001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC0FFFFFFFFFF -FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF18497CC820>105 D<007FC000FFFFC000FFFFC000FFFFC000FFFFC000 -FFFFC00003FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC0 -0001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FF -C00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001 -FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC000 -01FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC0 -0001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FF -C00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC000FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF8019487CC720 ->108 D<007FC001FFC00000FFE00000FFFFC00FFFF80007FFFC0000FFFFC03FFFFE001FFFFF00 -00FFFFC0FFFFFF007FFFFF8000FFFFC1FC07FF80FE03FFC000FFFFC3E003FFC1F001FFE00003FF -C7C001FFC3E000FFE00001FFCF0001FFE78000FFF00001FFDE0000FFEF00007FF00001FFDC0000 -FFEE00007FF00001FFFC0000FFFE00007FF80001FFF80000FFFC00007FF80001FFF00000FFF800 -007FF80001FFF00000FFF800007FF80001FFF00000FFF800007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF8 -0001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FF -E00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000 -FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000 -007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF8 -0001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FF -E00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000 -FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000 -007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF800FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03FFFFF -F0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03FFFFFF0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03FFFFFF0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03FFFFFF0FFFF -FFC07FFFFFE03FFFFFF05C2E7CAD65>I<00000FFF0000000000FFFFF000000007FFFFFE000000 -1FFFFFFF8000003FFC03FFC00000FFE0007FF00001FF80001FF80003FF00000FFC0007FE000007 -FE000FFE000007FF000FFC000003FF001FFC000003FF803FFC000003FFC03FF8000001FFC03FF8 -000001FFC07FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FFE0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FF -F0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF800 -0001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF07FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FFE0 -7FF8000001FFE03FFC000003FFC03FFC000003FFC01FFC000003FF801FFE000007FF800FFE0000 -07FF0007FF00000FFE0003FF80001FFC0001FFC0003FF80000FFE0007FF000007FFC03FFE00000 -1FFFFFFF80000007FFFFFE00000000FFFFF0000000000FFF000000342E7DAD3B>111 -D<00FF803F8000FFFF80FFF000FFFF83FFFC00FFFF87FFFE00FFFF8FC3FF00FFFF8F07FF0003FF -9E0FFF8001FFBC0FFF8001FFB80FFF8001FFF80FFF8001FFF00FFF8001FFF007FF0001FFF007FF -0001FFE003FE0001FFE000F80001FFE000000001FFE000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FF -C000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC00000 -0001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FF -C000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC00000 -0001FFC000000001FFC0000000FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE00000FFFF -FFE00000292E7CAD31>114 D<000FFF00E0007FFFF3E001FFFFFFE007FFFFFFE00FF800FFE01F -C0001FE03F80000FE03F000007E07F000003E07F000003E0FF000003E0FF000003E0FF800003E0 -FFC0000000FFF0000000FFFE000000FFFFF800007FFFFFC0007FFFFFF0003FFFFFFC001FFFFFFF -000FFFFFFF8007FFFFFFC003FFFFFFE000FFFFFFF0003FFFFFF00003FFFFF800001FFFF8000000 -FFFC0000001FFC7800000FFCF8000007FCF8000003FCFC000003FCFC000003FCFE000003F8FE00 -0003F8FF000003F8FF800007F0FFC0000FF0FFF0001FE0FFFC00FFC0FFFFFFFF80FC7FFFFE00F8 -1FFFF800E003FF8000262E7CAD2F>I<0001F000000001F000000001F000000001F000000001F0 -00000001F000000003F000000003F000000003F000000007F000000007F000000007F00000000F -F00000000FF00000001FF00000003FF00000003FF00000007FF0000001FFF0000003FFF000000F -FFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF00000 -00FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF000 -0000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0 -000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FF -F001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F0007FF001E0007FF803E000 -3FF803E0003FFC07C0001FFE0F80000FFFFF800007FFFE000001FFFC0000001FF00024427EC12E ->I E end -%%EndProlog -%%BeginSetup -%%Feature: *Resolution 300dpi -TeXDict begin - -%%EndSetup -%%Page: 343 1 -343 0 bop 1888 50 a FD(343)150 542 y Fs(Chapter)34 b(4)150 -785 y FE(Earlier)42 b(Pro)s(cessors)e(\(Omitted\))438 1946 -y FD(Prin)o(ted)14 b(v)o(ersions)h(of)e(this)h(man)o(ual)e(omit)f(Chapter)k -(4,)e(Earlier)h(Pro)q(cessors.)p eop -%%Page: 344 2 -344 1 bop 0 50 a FD(344)979 b Ft(CHAPTER)15 b(4.)i(EARLIER)d(PR)o(OCESSORS)p -eop -%%Page: 343 3 -343 2 bop 1888 50 a FD(343)150 542 y Fs(Chapter)34 b(4)150 -785 y FE(Earlier)42 b(Pro)s(cessors)150 1037 y Fy(Editors)20 -b(note:)34 b FD(The)21 b(information)c(in)j(this)g(c)o(hapter)h(is)f(from)f -(the)i(July)f(1980)f(edition)h(of)f Fy(DECsystem{10)150 1087 -y(DECSYSTEM{20)e(Pr)n(o)n(c)n(essor)d(R)n(efer)n(enc)n(e)h(Manual)t -FD(,)g(published)f(b)o(y)g(Digital)e(Equipmen)o(t)h(Corp)q(oration.)19 -b(The)150 1137 y(reader)14 b(is)e(cautioned)h(that)g(subsequen)o(t)i(dev)o -(elopmen)o(ts)d(b)o(y)g(Digital)f(Equipmen)o(t)g(Corp)q(oration)h(ha)o(v)o(e) -h(rendered)150 1187 y(p)q(ortions)i(of)f(this)h(material)e(obsolete)i(or)g -(incomplete.)20 b(F)m(or)14 b(example,)g(the)h(material)e(on)i(TOPS{10)f -(paging)g(is)150 1236 y(largely)f(obsolete,)h(as)g(TOPS{10)g(w)o(as)f -(enhanced)j(to)d(use)i(TOPS{20)f(paging.)150 1409 y Fv(4.1)70 -b(KL10)23 b(System)d(Op)r(erations)150 1536 y FD(The)e(information)c(presen)o -(ted)20 b(in)d(this)g(section)h(is)f(primarily)e(for)i(Digital's)e(o)o(wn)i -(system)g(programmers,)f(for)150 1586 y(their)j(use)g(in)f(writing)g(the)h -(Monitor)f(and)g(other)h(soft)o(w)o(are.)31 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)20 -b(it)e(is)g(also)g(needed)i(b)o(y)e(an)o(y)o(one)g(who)150 -1636 y(wishes)e(to)e(write)h(his)g(o)o(wn)g(op)q(erating)f(system,)h(to)f -(some)g(exten)o(t)i(b)o(y)f(users)h(who)e(handle)h(their)g(o)o(wn)g(I/O,)f -(and)150 1685 y(b)o(y)d(programmers)f(in)h(a)g(situation)g(where)i(all)d(the) -i(facilities)f(of)f(a)i(system)f(are)h(dedicated)g(to)g(a)f(single)g(large)g -(task.)906 1803 y Fz(W)-6 b(ARNING)254 1895 y FD(KL10)15 b(functions)h(are)g -(implem)o(en)o(ted)e(in)h(micro)q(co)q(de,)g(whic)o(h)g(can)h(b)q(e)g -(revised)h(m)o(uc)o(h)d(more)h(easily)254 1944 y(than)9 b(hardw)o(are.)17 -b(Although)9 b(the)i(user)f(op)q(erations)g(describ)q(ed)h(in)e(Chapter)i(2)e -(are)h(delib)q(erately)g(k)o(ept)254 1994 y(as)h(compatible)f(as)i(p)q -(ossible)g(from)d(one)j(mac)o(hine)e(to)i(the)g(next,)g(Digital)d(will)h(c)o -(hange)i(KL10)f(system)254 2044 y(micro)q(co)q(de)i(whenev)o(er)j(suc)o(h)f -(c)o(hange)f(will)f(result)h(in)g(greater)h(sp)q(eed,)g(e\016ciency)m(,)f(or) -g(e\013ectiv)o(eness.)254 2094 y(Therefore,)19 b(an)o(y)o(one)e(writing)f -(system)i(soft)o(w)o(are)f(should)g(mak)o(e)f(sure)j(to)e(use)h(the)g(most)e -(recen)o(tly)254 2144 y(up)q(dated)11 b(v)o(ersion)f(of)f(this)h(do)q(cumen)o -(tation,)f(and)h(b)q(efore)h(em)o(barking)d(on)i(an)o(y)g(pro)r(ject)h(as)f -(enormous)254 2194 y(and)i(critical)h(as)g(an)f(op)q(erating)h(system)f(b)q -(e)i(sure)f(to)g(c)o(hec)o(k)h(with)e(Large)h(Systems)g(Engineering)g(for)254 -2243 y(an)o(y)g(c)o(hanges)i(not)f(y)o(et)g(do)q(cumen)o(ted.)150 -2397 y(Programming)7 b(for)k(the)g(system)g(as)g(a)f(whole)h(is)g(programmi)o -(ng)d(in)i(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de.)k(Only)11 b(the)g(k)o(ernal)g(program)150 -2447 y(is)h(without)g(instruction)h(restrictions,)h(and)e(only)g(it)g(can,)g -(if)g(needed,)i(access)g(ph)o(ysical)e(memory)e(unpaged.)18 -b(The)150 2497 y(sup)q(ervisor)g(program)e(lab)q(ors)h(under)i(the)f(same)e -(instruction)i(restrictions)g(as)g(the)g(user)g(and)f(has)h(no)f(w)o(a)o(y)g -(of)150 2547 y(b)o(ypassing)c(them,)f(although)g(it)h(can)g(read)h(but)f(not) -g(alter)h(concealed)g(pages)f(\(the)h(k)o(ernal)f(program)f(can)h(supply)150 -2597 y(data)h(tables)g(to)f(the)i(sup)q(ervisor)g(program,)d(and)h(latter)i -(cannot)f(a\013ect)h(them\).)p eop -%%Page: 344 4 -344 3 bop 0 50 a FD(344)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(The)k(amoun)o(t)e(of)h(useful)h(w)o(ork)g(done)g -(b)o(y)g(the)g(system)g(dep)q(ends)h(up)q(on)f(ho)o(w)f(e\016cien)o(tly)h -(and)g(e\013ectiv)o(ely)g(the)0 245 y(executiv)o(e)c(manages)e(the)h(system.) -k(This)c(means)f(selecting)i(whic)o(h)e(pro)q(cesses)k(will)11 -b(run)i(when,)h(managing)c(their)0 295 y(w)o(orking)j(sets,)h(resp)q(onding)h -(to)e(their)h(needs,)h(and)f(ev)o(en)g(reacting)g(to)g(error)h(situations)e -(or)h(p)q(erhaps)h(do)o(wnrigh)o(t)0 345 y(unacceptable)h(b)q(eha)o(vior)e -(on)g(the)h(part)g(of)f(a)g(user.)21 b(The)15 b(k)o(ernal)f(program)f -(accomplishes)h(these)i(ob)r(jectiv)o(es)f(b)o(y)0 394 y(handling)g(all)g -(in{out)g(for)h(the)g(system,)g(setting)h(up)f(user)h(page)f(maps,)f(trap)h -(lo)q(cations,)g(in)o(terrupt)h(lo)q(cations,)0 444 y(and)g(the)i(lik)o(e)e -(for)g(b)q(oth)h(itself)f(and)g(the)i(users,)g(handling)e(user)i(accoun)o -(ts,)f(comm)o(unicating)d(with)i(the)h(fron)o(t)0 494 y(end,)c(and)g(so)g -(forth.)k(In)c(other)g(w)o(ords,)g(except)h(for)f(handling)e(in{out,)h(the)i -(activities)e(of)h(an)f(op)q(erating)h(system)0 544 y(are)i(the)g(topics)g -(co)o(v)o(ered)g(in)g(this)f(section.)24 b(The)16 b(amoun)o(t)e(of)g(useful)i -(w)o(ork)f(done)h(b)o(y)g(the)g(system)f(dep)q(ends)i(on)0 -594 y(ho)o(w)f(e\016cien)o(tly)h(and)g(e\013ectiv)o(ely)g(the)h(executiv)o(e) -g(manages)d(the)i(ph)o(ysical)g(resources)i(of)d(the)h(system.)27 -b(These)0 643 y(resources)13 b(include)d(the)h(pro)q(cessor,)i(memory)m(,)7 -b(input{output)k(devices,)g(the)g(\014le)g(system,)f(and)g(the)h(bandwidth)g -(of)0 693 y(the)h(paths)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(v)n(arious)e(comp)q(onen)o(ts.) -17 b(The)c(executiv)o(e)f(selects)i(whic)o(h)d(pro)q(cess)j(to)e(run)g(next.) -17 b(It)12 b(manages)0 743 y(the)f(w)o(orking)e(sets)j(of)e(the)h(v)n(arious) -e(pro)q(cesses,)14 b(resp)q(onding)c(to)h(their)f(c)o(hanging)g(needs.)18 -b(The)11 b(executiv)o(e)g(reacts)h(to)0 793 y(error)g(situations)f(and)g(ev)o -(en)g(to)g(unacceptable)h(b)q(eha)o(vior)f(on)g(the)g(part)h(of)e(a)h(user.) -18 b(The)11 b(executiv)o(e)i(accomplishes)0 843 y(these)18 -b(ob)r(jectiv)o(es)f(b)o(y)f(handling)f(all)g(in{out)h(for)g(the)h(system,)f -(setting)h(up)f(user)i(page)e(maps,)f(trap)i(lo)q(cations,)0 -892 y(in)o(terrupt)c(lo)q(cations,)e(etc.)18 b(for)12 b(itself)f(and)h(for)f -(the)i(users.)19 b(The)12 b(executiv)o(e)h(handles)f(user)h(accoun)o(ts,)g -(passw)o(ords,)0 942 y(and)h(lev)o(el)f(of)h(privileges.)j(It)d(con)o(trols)g -(access)i(to)e(all)e(system)i(resources.)0 1028 y(The)f(activities)f(of)g(an) -g(op)q(erating)g(system,)g(particularly)g(as)g(they)h(are)g(implemen)o(ted)d -(in)i(the)h(TO)o(AD)1613 1024 y(-)1625 1028 y(1)f(System,)0 -1078 y(are)k(the)g(topics)h(of)e(this)g(c)o(hapter.)25 b(Of)16 -b(course)h(the)f(system)g(programmer)d(m)o(ust)i(also)g(b)q(e)h(quite)g -(familia)o(r)d(with)0 1127 y(all)h(of)h(the)h(material)d(presen)o(ted)18 -b(in)d(c)o(hapters)h(1)f(and)h(2.)22 b(In)15 b(particular,)g(the)h -(programmer)d(m)o(ust)i(understand)0 1177 y(the)g(arc)o(hitecture)h(of)e(the) -h(system)g(as)f(discussed)i(in)e(Chapter)h(1,)f(and)h(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)i(esp)q -(ecially)g(w)o(ell)f(v)o(ersed)h(in)f(the)0 1227 y(use)h(of)e(the)h -Fx(JRST)p FD(,)g(MUUOs,)g(and)g(I/O)g(instructions)g(\()p FB(x)q -FD(2.9.4,)d FB(x)q FD(2.16,)h FB(x)p FD(2.18\).)0 1313 y(System)17 -b(information)e(for)i(other)h(pro)q(cessors)i(is)d(giv)o(en)g(in)h(latter)f -(sections)i(of)e(this)h(c)o(hapter,)h FB(x)p FD(4.2)e(and)g -FB(x)p FD(4.3.)0 1362 y(The)h(presen)o(t)h(section)g(is)e(dev)o(oted)i -(solely)e(to)g(the)i(KL10,)e(but)h(con)o(tains)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(subsections)i -(on)f(paging,)f(only)0 1412 y(one)f(of)f(whic)o(h)h(is)g(applicable)f(to)h(a) -f(giv)o(en)h(system.)23 b FB(x)q FD(4.1.3)14 b(describ)q(es)k(the)f(paging)d -(used)j(with)f(the)g(TOPS{10)0 1462 y(Monitor;)i(this)g(paging)e(is)i -(similar)d(to)i(that)g(of)g(the)h(KI10.)29 b FB(x)p FD(4.1.4)16 -b(treats)j(the)f(paging)e(asso)q(ciated)i(with)f(the)0 1512 -y(TOPS{20)g(Monitor.)26 b(Both)17 b(kinds)f(of)g(paging)g(emplo)o(y)f(essen)o -(tially)h(the)i(same)d(hardw)o(are)j(|)e(the)h(di\013erence)0 -1562 y(lies)d(principally)e(in)i(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de.)0 1647 -y(Muc)o(h)j(of)e(the)i(material)d(presen)o(ted)k(here)g(is)e(related)g(to)g -(the)h(DTE20s,)f(the)h(c)o(hannels,)g(and)f(the)g(DIA20.)24 -b(Al-)0 1697 y(though)15 b(the)i(section)f(do)q(es)g(describ)q(e)i(all)c -(activities)i(of)f(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)f(undertak)o(en)i(for)e(these)i -(devices)g(\(e.g.,)0 1747 y(the)d(fron)o(t)g(end)g(functions)g(in)g -FB(x)p FD(4.1.7\),)e(the)j(descriptions)g(of)e(the)h(devices)h(themselv)o(es) -f(are)h(not)e(included.)765 1867 y Fz(CA)n(UTION)104 1958 y -FD(All)e(IO)i(instructions)g(in)g(this)f(c)o(hapter)i(are)f(for)f(in)o -(ternal)g(devices)i(\(E)e(bus)h(functions\).)18 b(An)13 b(address)104 -2008 y(giv)o(en)j(b)o(y)h(suc)o(h)g(an)g(instruction)g(for)g(storing)g(a)f -(result)i(is)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(in)o(terpreted)k(as)e(global)e(in)i(the)104 -2058 y(section)d(con)o(taining)e(the)i(instruction.)k(Hence,)c(data)f(or)g -(conditions)g(cannot)g(b)q(e)h(stored)h(in)d(an)h(A)o(C)104 -2108 y(unless)h(the)h(instruction)f(is)g(in)f(section)i(0)f(or)f(1.)0 -2317 y Fz(4.1.1)55 b(Priorit)n(y)18 b(In)n(terrupt)0 2429 y -FD(The)13 b(DECSYSTEM{20)f(is)g(essen)o(tially)h(a)f(system)g(of)g(pro)q -(cessors)j(clustered)f(around)e(the)h(E)g(bus.)18 b(The)13 -b(v)n(arious)0 2479 y(con)o(trollers)h(and)f(in)o(terfaces)h(are)g(subsidary) -f(to)g(the)h(PDP{10,)f(but)g(main)o(tain)e(a)i(considerable)h(degree)g(of)f -(inde-)0 2529 y(p)q(endence)18 b(from)c(it.)23 b(Eac)o(h)15 -b(RH20)g(Massbus)i(con)o(troller)f(op)q(erates)h(from)c(its)j(o)o(wn)f -(command)e(list)i(in)g(memory)0 2579 y(and)c(handles)h(all)e(data)h -(transfers)i(via)d(the)i(c)o(hannels;)g(but)g(it)f(m)o(ust)f(reac)o(h)i(the)g -(T)m(en)g(program)d(to)j(start)g(a)f(new)g(list)0 2629 y(of)h(if)g(something) -g(should)h(go)f(wrong.)18 b(Eac)o(h)13 b(PDP{11)f(is)h(a)g(whole)g(computer)f -(with)h(its)g(o)o(wn)f(in)o(ternal)h(program;)p eop -%%Page: 345 5 -345 4 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(345)150 195 y(but)18 b(for)f(handling)f(I/O)i(equipmen)o(t)e(or)i -(acting)f(as)g(the)h(system)g(console,)g(it)f(m)o(ust)g(comm)o(unicate)e -(with)i(T)m(en)150 245 y(memory)c(via)i(the)i(E)f(bus)g(\(to)g(whic)o(h)f(it) -h(is)f(in)o(terfaced)i(b)o(y)e(a)h(DTE20\),)f(and)h(the)g(p)q(eripheral)g -(computer)g(m)o(ust)150 295 y(reac)o(h)i(the)f(T)m(en)g(program)e(for)h -(setting)i(up)f(m)o(utual)d(op)q(erations.)27 b(Basically)m(,)16 -b(the)i(priorit)o(y)e(in)o(terrupt)h(system)150 345 y(allo)o(ws)12 -b(the)h(other)h(pro)q(cessors)h(to)e(in)o(terrupt)h(the)g(cen)o(tral)f(pro)q -(cessor)i(at)e(v)n(arious)f(lev)o(els)h(of)f(priorit)o(y)m(,)g(so)h(that)g -(all)150 394 y(can)i(op)q(erate)h(sim)o(ultaneously)m(.)i(The)d(hardw)o(are)g -(also)g(allo)o(ws)e(conditions)i(in)o(ternal)f(to)h(the)g(PDP{10)f(to)h -(signal)150 444 y(its)f(o)o(wn)f(program)g(b)o(y)g(requesting)i(an)f(in)o -(terrupt.)150 530 y(In)h(a)f(DECsystem{10,)g(the)h(PDP{11)g(is)f(limited)f -(to)i(use)g(as)g(a)g(system)g(console)g(and)f(diagnostic)h(facilit)o(y)m(,)d -(and)150 580 y(the)i(unit{record)h(p)q(eripheral)f(equipmen)o(t)f(is)g -(organized)h(around)f(a)h(KI10{t)o(yp)q(e)g(I/O)f(bus)h(connected)i(to)d(the) -i(E)150 629 y(bus)f(via)f(a)h(DIA20)f(I/O)h(bus)h(in)o(terface.)k(If)13 -b(the)i(system)e(lac)o(ks)h(in)o(ternal)g(c)o(hannels,)g(Massbus)h(con)o -(trollers)f(m)o(ust)150 679 y(b)q(e)k(of)f(the)i(RH10)e(t)o(yp)q(e,)h(whic)o -(h)g(the)g(program)f(con)o(trols)g(via)g(the)i(I/O)e(bus.)30 -b(F)m(or)18 b(data)f(purp)q(oses)i(an)f(RH10)150 729 y(is)f(connected)j(to)d -(external)h(memory)d(b)o(y)i(a)h(separate)g(memory)d(bus.)30 -b(It)17 b(is)h(recommended)e(that)i(those)g(who)150 779 y(program)e(a)h -(DECsystem{10)f(read)i(b)q(oth)f(this)h(section)g(and)f(the)h(\014rst)g(few)f -(pages)h(of)f(the)h(discussion)g(of)e(the)150 829 y(KI10)e(in)o(terrupt)415 -814 y Fp(1)448 829 y FD(\()p FB(x)p FD(4.3.2\).)150 968 y Fz(In)n(terrupt)k -(Requests)150 1053 y FD(In)o(terrupt)11 b(requests)g(are)f(handled)f(on)g -(eigh)o(t)h(lev)o(els)f(arranged)h(in)f(priorit)o(y)g(sequence.)18 -b(Lev)o(els)10 b(are)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)f(0{7,)150 1103 y(with)j(0)g(ha)o -(ving)f(highest)h(priorit)o(y)m(.)k(Lev)o(el)d(0)e(is)h(quite)h(unlik)o(e)e -(the)i(others,)g(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)f(in)g(that)g(it)g(is)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)e -(only)150 1153 y(to)k(the)g(fron)o(t)g(end)h(pro)q(cessors)h(for)e(sim)o -(ulating)d(console)j(functions)g(and)g(handling)f(b)o(yte)h(transfers.)20 -b(Moreo)o(v)o(er,)150 1203 y(lev)o(el)c(0)g(is)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(activ)o(e)i -(|)e(it)h(cannot)g(b)q(e)h(turned)g(o\013)f(ev)o(en)g(b)o(y)g(inactiv)n -(ating)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt)h(system.)25 b(The)150 1253 y(program)16 -b(do)q(es)j(con)o(trol)f(the)h(enabling)e(of)h(lev)o(el)f(0)h(in)g(the)g -(DTE20s,)h(but)f(the)h(master)f(fron)o(t)f(end)i(can)f(ev)o(en)150 -1302 y(o)o(v)o(erride)g(that.)30 b(Assignmen)o(t)18 b(of)f(devices)837 -1287 y Fp(2)875 1302 y FD(to)g(the)i(remaining)d(lev)o(els)i(is)f(en)o -(tirely)h(at)g(the)h(discretion)f(of)f(the)150 1352 y(programmer.)f(T)m(o)c -(assign)i(a)f(device)h(to)g(a)f(lev)o(el,)g(the)h(program)e(sends)i(the)h(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)d(of)h(the)h(lev)o(el)g(to)f(the)h(device)150 -1402 y(con)o(trol)h(register)h(as)f(part)g(of)f(the)h(conditions)g(giv)o(en)f -(b)o(y)h(a)f Fx(CONO)g FD(\(usually)g(bits)h(33{35\);)f(a)g(zero)i(assignmen) -o(t)150 1452 y(disconnects)e(the)f(device)g(from)e(the)i(in)o(terrupt)g(lev)o -(els)g(altogether.)k(An)o(y)c(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(devices)i(can)e(b)q(e)i -(placed)e(on)150 1502 y(the)i(same)f(lev)o(el.)150 1587 y(When)k(a)f(device)i -(requires)g(service,)g(it)e(sends)i(an)f(in)o(terrupt)g(request)h(signal)e -(on)h(its)f(assigned)h(lev)o(el)g(o)o(v)o(er)f(the)150 1637 -y(bus)e(to)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor.)20 b(A)13 b(request)i(is)f(recognized)h(b)o -(y)e(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(if)c(the)j(lev)o(el)e(is)g(activ)o(e)h(|)f(meaning) -f(that)150 1687 y(b)q(oth)17 b(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(system)f(and)g(the)h -(individual)d(lev)o(el)1085 1672 y Fp(3)1121 1687 y FD(ha)o(v)o(e)i(b)q(een)h -(turned)g(on.)28 b(But)18 b(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(can)150 1737 -y(accept)d(no)f(requests)i(while)e(it)g(is)g(pro)q(cessing)h(a)f(request)i -(or)e(starting)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(at)f(an)o(y)f(lev)o(el,)h(or)g(holding) -150 1786 y(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(on)f(the)g(same)g(lev)o(el)f(or)h(on)g(a)g -(lev)o(el)g(with)g(higher)g(priorit)o(y)f(than)h(those)h(on)f(whic)o(h)g -(requests)i(ha)o(v)o(e)150 1836 y(b)q(een)f(recognized)g(\(in)e(other)i(w)o -(ords,)e(if)g(the)h(curren)o(t)i(program)c(is)h(a)h(higher)g(priorit)o(y)f -(in)o(terrupt)h(routine\).)19 b(The)150 1886 y(request)h(signal)d(remains)g -(on)h(the)h(bus)g(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)f(un)o(til)f(turned)j(o\013)e(b)o(y)g(an)g -(appropriate)g(resp)q(onse)i(from)c(the)150 1936 y(pro)q(cessor:)26 -b(either)18 b(giv)o(en)f(b)o(y)g(the)h(program)d(\()p Fx(CONO)p -FD(,)h Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)p FD(,)e(or)k Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)p -FD(,)c(dep)q(ending)k(on)f(the)h(device\),)g(or)150 1986 y(generated)h -(automatically)14 b(b)o(y)j(the)g(hardw)o(are.)29 b(Th)o(us,)18 -b(if)e(a)h(request)i(is)e(not)g(recognized)h(or)f(accepted)i(when)150 -2036 y(made,)d(it)g(will)g(b)q(e)h(when)h(the)f(necessary)i(conditions)d(are) -i(satis\014ed.)27 b(A)17 b(single)g(lev)o(el)f(will)g(ev)o(en)h(sh)o(ut)g -(out)g(all)150 2085 y(others)d(of)f(lo)o(w)o(er)g(priorit)o(y)g(if)f(ev)o -(ery)i(time)e(its)h(service)i(routine)f(dismisses)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt,)f(a)g -(device)h(assigned)g(to)150 2135 y(it)g(is)f(already)h(w)o(aiting)e(with)i -(another)g(request.)150 2221 y(The)j(request)g(signal)f(is)g(generally)g -(deriv)o(ed)g(from)f(a)h(\015ag)f(that)i(is)f(set)h(b)o(y)f(v)n(arious)f -(conditions)h(in)g(the)h(device.)150 2271 y(Often)d(asso)q(ciated)h(with)e -(these)i(\015ags)f(are)g(enabling)f(\015ags,)g(where)i(the)f(setting)g(of)f -(some)g(device)h(condition)f(\015ag)p 150 2305 720 2 v 196 -2332 a Fo(1)214 2344 y Fn(On)e(the)g(T)m(en)h(side)e(of)h(the)g(DIA20,)g(the) -g(in)o(terrupt)e(w)o(orks)i(as)g(describ)q(ed)e(here.)15 b(But)c(on)g(the)f -(other)g(side)h(it)g(acts)g(more)f(lik)o(e)h(the)150 2383 y(KI10)i(in)o -(terrupt,)e(with)i(sev)o(en)f(programmab)o(le)e(lev)o(els,)i(second{order)e -(priorit)o(y)h(determined)f(b)o(y)j(pro)o(ximit)o(y)e(to)h(the)h(DIA20,)g -(etc.)150 2423 y(Of)f(course)e(the)h(pro)q(cessor)e(activities)g(and)i(in)o -(terrupt)e(functions)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)g(are)i(those)f(of)h(the)g(KL10.)196 -2450 y Fo(2)214 2462 y Fn(As)h(explained)e(in)i Fj(x)o Fn(2.18,)f(the)h -(program)e(treats)g(all)i(E)h(bus)e(con)o(trollers,)e(in)o(ternal)i -(subsystems,)e(and)i(I/O)i(bus)e(p)q(eripherals)e(as)150 2502 -y(I/O)14 b(devices.)19 b(In)13 b(other)f(w)o(ords,)i(it)f(monitors)e(and)i -(con)o(trols)e(them)h(b)o(y)h(means)f(of)h(I/O)h(instructions)c(using)j -(appropriate)d(device)150 2541 y(co)q(des.)k(F)m(or)d(a)h(PDP{11,)e(the)h -(device)f(is)h(the)g(DTE20.)196 2569 y Fo(3)214 2581 y Fn(Remem)o(b)q(er)e -(that)j(lev)o(el)f(0)i(is)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(activ)o(e,)f(ev)o(en)h(when)g(the) -f(in)o(terrupt)f(system)h(is)i(o\013.)18 b(In)12 b(other)f(resp)q(ects)g -(this)h(discussion)150 2620 y(applies)e(to)h(all)g(lev)o(els.)p -eop -%%Page: 346 6 -346 5 bop 0 50 a FD(346)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(can)i(request)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(on)e(the)i -(assigned)f(lev)o(el)f(only)g(if)g(the)i(asso)q(ciated)f(enabling)f(\015ag)h -(is)g(also)f(set.)25 b(The)0 245 y(enabling)11 b(\015ags)g(are)h(in)f(turn)h -(con)o(trolled)f(b)o(y)h(the)g(conditions)f(supplied)h(to)f(the)h(device)g(b) -o(y)g Fx(CONO)p FD(.)e(F)m(or)h(example,)0 295 y(a)h(device)i(ma)o(y)d(ha)o -(v)o(e)i(half)e(a)i(dozen)g(\015ags)g(to)g(indicate)f(v)n(arious)g(in)o -(ternal)h(conditions)f(that)h(ma)o(y)e(require)j(service)0 -345 y(b)o(y)20 b(an)f(in)o(terrupt;)k(b)o(y)d(setting)g(up)g(the)h(asso)q -(ciated)g(enabling)e(\015ags,)h(the)h(program)d(can)i(determine)g(whic)o(h)0 -394 y(conditions)14 b(shall)f(actually)g(request)i(in)o(terrupts)g(in)f(an)o -(y)f(giv)o(en)g(circumstances.)0 480 y FA(Pro)q(cessing)j(a)j(Request.)24 -b FD(The)16 b(pro)q(cessor)i(handles)e(only)f(one)h(request)i(at)e(a)g(time.) -23 b(When)16 b(it)f(is)h(ready)m(,)g(it)0 530 y(accepts)g(the)f(highest)f -(priorit)o(y)g(request)i(curren)o(tly)f(recognized,)g(pro)o(vided)f(that)h -(request)h(is)e(on)g(a)g(lev)o(el)g(higher)0 580 y(than)g(the)g(curren)o(t)h -(program)d(\(all)g(lev)o(els)i(are)g(higher)f(than)h(a)f(nonin)o(terrupt)h -(program\).)j(T)m(o)c(pro)q(cess)i(a)e(request)0 629 y(the)f(hardw)o(are)g -(sends)g(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(service)h(demand)d(to)h(the)h(devices)h(on)e -(the)h(E)f(bus)h(to)f(determine)g(whic)o(h)g(ones)0 679 y(are)17 -b(curren)o(tly)g(requesting)g(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(on)f(the)g(accepted)i(lev)o -(el.)25 b(Note)16 b(that)g(at)g(this)h(p)q(oin)o(t)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor)0 -729 y(is)e(accepting)g(not)g(an)f(individual)f(request,)j(but)f(rather)h(a)e -(class)h(of)g(requests:)21 b(namely)13 b(all)h(those)h(b)q(eing)g(made)0 -779 y(on)i(the)i(same)e(lev)o(el.)29 b(Should)17 b(the)h(bus)g(b)q(e)h(busy)m -(,)f(the)g(demand)f(is)g(sen)o(t)i(as)f(so)q(on)g(as)f(it)h(b)q(ecomes)g(a)o -(v)n(ailable,)0 829 y(taking)d(precedence)k(o)o(v)o(er)d(an)o(y)g(I/O)g -(instructions)h(that)f(ma)o(y)e(also)i(b)q(e)g(w)o(aiting)f(\(note)i(that)f -(in)f(this)i(situation)0 878 y(the)d(program)e(actually)h(stops\).)19 -b(F)m(rom)12 b(among)g(the)i(devices)h(that)f(resp)q(ond)h(to)e(the)i(demand) -d(on)i(the)g(accepted)0 928 y(lev)o(el,)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)g(selects)h(the) -e(one)h(of)e(highest)h(priorit)o(y)964 913 y Fp(4)996 928 y -FD(according)g(to)f(this)h(sc)o(hedule:)917 1047 y Fy(Physic)n(al)44 -1097 y(Devic)n(es)h(in)g(Or)n(der)f(of)h(De)n(cr)n(e)n(asing)g(Priority)67 -b(Devic)n(e)15 b(Numb)n(ers)1128 1082 y Fp(5)25 1182 y FD(In)o(terv)n(al)e -(Coun)o(ter)25 1232 y(Other)i(in)o(ternal)e(requests)j(|)e(pro)q(cessor)h -(error)25 1282 y(\015ags,)e(program)f(initiated)i(requests)25 -1332 y(Channels)g(0{7)691 b(0{7)25 1381 y(DTE20s)14 b(0{3)689 -b(10{13)25 1431 y(DIA20)13 b(|)g(i.e.,)g(an)o(y)g(device)i(on)f(the)g(I/O)g -(bus)201 b(17)0 1515 y(If)17 b(the)h(device)h(selected)g(is)f(in)o(ternal,)g -(no)f(further)h(pro)q(cessing)h(of)e(the)h(request)i(is)d(required.)30 -b(Otherwise)19 b(the)0 1565 y(hardw)o(are)d(sends)g(a)f(function)g(demand)f -(to)h(the)h(selected)h(device)f(\(b)o(y)f(sp)q(ecifying)h(its)f(ph)o(ysical)g -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(along)0 1615 y(with)e(the)g(in)o(terrupt)h(lev)o(el\),)f -(and)g(the)g(device)h(resp)q(onds)g(b)o(y)f(returning)h(an)e(in)o(terrupt)i -(function)f(w)o(ord.)17 b(In)12 b(either)0 1664 y(case,)22 -b(once)e(all)e(necessary)k(information)17 b(ab)q(out)j(the)g(request)h(has)f -(b)q(een)h(gathered,)g(the)g(in)o(terrupt)f(system)0 1714 y(w)o(aits)15 -b(for)h(the)g(in)o(terrupt)h(to)f(start.)24 b(The)17 b(micro)q(co)q(de)e(c)o -(hec)o(ks)i(frequen)o(tly)f(for)g(a)f(w)o(aiting)g(request,)i(and)f(up)q(on)0 -1764 y(disco)o(v)o(ering)g(one)g(departs)h(from)e(its)h(normal)e(routine)i -(to)g(start)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt.)25 b(A)o(t)16 b(suc)o(h)h(time)e(PC)h(p)q -(oin)o(ts)g(to)0 1814 y(the)e(in)o(terrupted)i(instruction,)d(so)h(a)g -(correct)i(return)f(can)f(later)g(b)q(e)g(made)f(to)h(the)g(in)o(terrupted)h -(program.)0 1953 y Fz(In)n(terrupt)j(F)-5 b(unctions)19 b(and)h(Instructions) -0 2039 y FD(The)e(action)f(tak)o(en)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)f(to)g -(start)i(an)e(in)o(terrupt)h(dep)q(ends)h(up)q(on)f(the)g(function)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)0 2088 y(the)c(function)e(w)o(ord)h(returned)i(to)e(the)g -(pro)q(cessor.)20 b(Tw)o(o)14 b(\014xed)g(lo)q(cations)g(in)f(the)i(executiv) -o(e)g(pro)q(cess)h(table)e(are)0 2138 y(asso)q(ciated)i(with)g(eac)o(h)g(lev) -o(el,)f(lo)q(cations)g(40)10 b(+)h(2)p Fu(N)20 b FD(and)c(41)10 -b(+)g(2)p Fu(N)5 b FD(,)15 b(where)i Fu(N)k FD(is)15 b(the)i(lev)o(el)e(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er.)23 b(Lev)o(el)15 b(1)0 2188 y(uses)j(lo)q(cations)f(42)g(and)g -(43,)g(lev)o(el)f(2)h(uses)i(44)d(and)h(45,)g(and)g(so)g(on)g(to)g(lev)o(el)g -(7)g(whic)o(h)g(uses)h(56)f(and)g(5.)28 b(The)0 2238 y(pro)q(cessor)14 -b(starts)f(a)f(\\standard")g(in)o(terrupt)h(for)e(lev)o(el)h -Fu(N)17 b FD(b)o(y)12 b(executing)h(the)g(instruction)f(in)g(the)g(\014rst)h -(in)o(terrupt)0 2288 y(lo)q(cation)j(for)h(the)h(lev)o(el,)g(i.e.,)f(lo)q -(cation)f(40)11 b(+)h(2)p Fu(N)5 b FD(.)28 b(This)17 b(t)o(yp)q(e)h(of)f(in)o -(terrupt)h(is)f(p)q(erformed)g(for)g(a)g(pro)q(cessor)0 2337 -y(error)e(or)f(program{initiated)d(request,)16 b(for)d(an)h(external)h -(device)g(whose)f(function)g(w)o(ord)g(sp)q(eci\014es)i(a)e(standard)0 -2387 y(in)o(terrupt,)e(and)g(also)f(for)g(an)g(I/O)h(bus)g(device)g(that)g -(returns)h(no)e(function)g(w)o(ord.)18 b(The)12 b(\014xed)g(lo)q(cations)f -(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)p 0 2424 720 2 v 46 2451 a Fo(4)64 2463 y -Fn(There)i(are)g(therefore)e(t)o(w)o(o)j(orders)e(of)h(priorit)o(y)f(asso)q -(ciated)f(with)j(an)f(in)o(terrupt:)k(\014rst)c(the)g(lev)o(el,)f(and)h(then) -g(for)g(all)g(devices)0 2502 y(requesting)c(in)o(terrupts)g(sim)o(ultaneous)o -(ly)g(on)i(the)g(same)g(lev)o(el,)f(ph)o(ysical)g(device)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)k -(These)d(ph)o(ysical)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(are)h(not)g(the)0 -2542 y(device)e(co)q(des)g(used)h(in)h(the)f(I/O)g(instructions;)e(they)i -(are)g(just)g(for)g(in)o(terrupt)e(priorit)o(y)h(purp)q(oses)f(and)i(dep)q -(end)f(on)h(p)q(osition)f(on)h(the)0 2581 y(bac)o(kplane)f(\(the)h(RH20s)i -(are)e(ordered)g(opp)q(osite)f(from)i(the)f(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers\).)46 -2609 y Fo(5)64 2621 y Fn(Ph)o(ysical)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(14{16)g(are)h(not)f -(used.)p eop -%%Page: 347 7 -347 6 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(347)150 195 y(need)11 b(not)g(b)q(e)g(used.)18 b(The)11 -b(in)o(terrupt)g(function)f(w)o(ord)h(sen)o(t)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(device)h(ma)o -(y)c(sp)q(ecify)j(an)f(equiv)n(alen)o(t)g(in)o(terrupt)150 -245 y(using)16 b(a)h(pair)f(of)g(lo)q(cations)g(selected)j(b)o(y)d(the)h -(function)g(w)o(ord,)f(or)h(some)f(other)h(in)o(terrupt)g(function)g(en)o -(tirely)m(.)150 295 y(The)d(function)g(w)o(ord)g(\(whic)o(h)g(is)f(stored)i -(in)f(A)o(C)f(3,)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(7\))h(has)g(this)g(format.)767 -422 y(KL10)f(In)o(terrupt)i(F)m(unction)f(W)m(ord)p 303 578 -1495 2 v 302 577 2 125 v 303 454 1495 2 v 1796 577 2 125 v -427 590 2 13 v 551 590 V 676 590 V 800 590 V 925 590 V 1049 -598 2 21 v 1174 590 2 13 v 1298 590 V 1423 590 V 1547 590 V -1672 590 V 398 608 a Fp(2)p 427 577 2 125 v -100 w(0)p 302 -577 V 317 505 a Fy(A)n(ddr)311 546 y(Sp)n(ac)n(e)523 608 y -Fp(5)p 551 577 V -100 w(3)p 427 577 V 434 529 a Fy(F)m(unct)564 -608 y Fp(6)p 593 577 V -17 w(6)p 551 577 V 553 525 a Fy(Q)722 -608 y Fp(10)p 759 577 V -150 w(7)p 593 577 V 613 529 a Fy(Devic)n(e)805 -608 y Fp(12)p 842 577 V -75 w(11)p 759 577 V 791 529 a FD(0)1760 -608 y Fp(35)p 1796 577 V -947 w(13)p 842 577 V 1160 526 a Fy(Interrupt)h(A)n -(ddr)n(ess)150 710 y FD(The)f(micro)q(co)q(de)f(acts)h(from)d(a)i(function)g -(w)o(ord)g(whether)i(there)f(is)f(one)h(or)f(not;)g(its)g(absence)i(is)e(tak) -o(en)h(as)f(a)g(zero)150 760 y(function.)26 b(The)17 b(DIA20)f(returns)i(the) -g(w)o(ord)e(supplied)h(o)o(v)o(er)g(the)g(I/O)f(bus)i(or)e(sim)o(ulates)f(a)i -(zero)g(w)o(ord.)27 b(Bits)150 810 y(7{10)13 b(iden)o(tify)f(the)j(device)f -(b)o(y)f(its)h(ph)o(ysical)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)g(but)h(this)f(is)h(supplied)f -(b)o(y)h(the)g(in)o(terrupt)g(hardw)o(are,)g(not)150 860 y(the)g(device.)19 -b(The)c(meanings)d(of)h(the)i(other)f(bits)g(in)g(the)g(w)o(ord)g(are)g(as)g -(follo)o(ws.)150 927 y(0{2)91 b(Address)19 b(space.)31 b(In)18 -b(unrestricted)i(examine)d(and)h(dep)q(osit)g(functions,)h(co)q(des)g(giv)o -(en)e(in)h(these)h(bits)304 977 y(select)c(the)f(space)h(in)f(whic)o(h)f(the) -i(address)g(supplied)f(in)g(bits)f(13{35)g(is)h(in)o(terpreted.)304 -1045 y(0)49 b(Executiv)o(e)15 b(pro)q(cess)h(table)304 1130 -y(1)49 b(Executiv)o(e)15 b(virtual)e(address)i(space)304 1216 -y(4)49 b(Ph)o(ysical)14 b(address)h(space)374 1302 y(Remaining)c(co)q(des)k -(are)g(reserv)o(ed.)150 1387 y(3{6)91 b(In)o(terrupt)19 b(function)e(\(bits)i -(3{5\),)e(sometimes)g(quali\014ed)g(b)o(y)h(Q)g(\(bit)g(6\).)30 -b(When)18 b(unsp)q(eci\014ed,)i(Q)e(is)304 1437 y(irrelev)n(an)o(t.)f(The)e -(micro)q(co)q(de)e(handles)h(functions)g(4{6)f(ev)o(en)i(when)f(it)g(is)g(in) -f(the)i(halt)e(lo)q(op.)304 1505 y(0)49 b(In)o(ternal)17 b(device)g(or)g -(zero)h(w)o(ord:)23 b(for)17 b(the)g(in)o(terv)n(al)f(coun)o(ter)h(p)q -(erform)f(a)h(v)o(ector)g(in)o(terrupt)h(\(see)374 1554 y(function)c(2\);)f -(otherwise)i(p)q(erform)e(a)g(standard)i(in)o(terrupt)f(\(see)i(function)d -(1\).)304 1640 y(1)49 b(Standard)20 b(in)o(terrupt)h(|)f(execute)i(the)e -(instruction)h(in)e(lo)q(cation)h(40)12 b(+)i(2)p Fu(N)25 b -FD(of)19 b(the)i(executiv)o(e)374 1690 y(pro)q(cess)16 b(table.)304 -1775 y(2)49 b(V)m(ector)15 b(in)o(terrupt)f(|)g(action)f(dep)q(ends)j(on)d -(device)i(t)o(yp)q(e)g(as)e(follo)o(ws:)452 1851 y(In)o(terv)n(al)g(coun)o -(ter)i(|)e(execute)i(the)f(instruction)g(in)g(lo)q(cation)e(514)h(of)g(the)h -(executiv)o(e)h(pro)q(cess)452 1901 y(table.)452 1959 y(DTE20)c(|)f(execute)k -(the)d(instruction)h(in)f(lo)q(cation)f(2)h(of)g(the)h(corresp)q(onding)g -(DTE20)f(con)o(trol)452 2009 y(blo)q(c)o(k.)560 1994 y Fp(6)452 -2067 y FD(Channel)h(|)h(execute)h(the)g(instruction)f(in)f(the)h(executiv)o -(e)h(pro)q(cess)h(table)e(lo)q(cation)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)452 -2117 y(b)o(y)i(bits)h(27{35.)452 2175 y(DIA20)f(|)g(dispatc)o(h)h(in)o -(terrupt:)19 b(execute)c(the)g(instruction)f(in)f(the)i(executiv)o(e)g -(virtual)e(lo)q(ca-)452 2225 y(tion)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d(bits)h(13{35.) -304 2311 y(3)49 b(Incremen)o(t)12 b(|)e(dep)q(ending)i(on)f(whether)i -Fu(Q)e FD(is)g(0)g(or)g(1,)g(add)g(1)g(to)g(or)g(subtract)i(1)e(from)e(the)j -(con)o(ten)o(ts)374 2360 y(of)h(the)i(executiv)o(e)g(virtual)e(lo)q(cation)g -(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f(bits)g(13{35.)304 2446 y(4)49 b(Examine)16 -b(|)i(send)g(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(lo)q(cation)e -(to)g(the)h(selected)i(DTE20.)29 b(If)17 b Fu(Q)374 2496 y -FD(is)f(0,)h(select)h(the)f(lo)q(cation)e(according)i(to)f(bits)h(0{2)e(and)h -(13{35.)25 b(If)16 b Fu(Q)g FD(is)h(1,)f(use)h(bits)g(14{35)e(as)374 -2546 y(a)h(ph)o(ysical)f(address)i(and)f(restrict)h(the)f(function)g(to)f -(the)i(comm)o(unicatio)o(n)c(area)j(de\014ned)h(in)e(the)p -150 2580 720 2 v 196 2607 a Fo(6)214 2619 y Fn(F)m(or)c(further)e -(information)g(on)i(fron)o(t)f(end)g(in)o(terrupt)g(functions,)e(refer)j(to)g -Fj(x)p Fn(4.1.7.)p eop -%%Page: 348 8 -348 7 bop 0 50 a FD(348)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)224 195 y FD(DTE20)e(con)o(trol)h(blo)q(c)o(k.)615 -180 y Fp(6)651 195 y FD(The)g(examine)f(is)h(e\013ected)i(b)o(y)d(p)q -(erforming)g(a)g Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)f FD(to)i(the)g(DTE20.)154 -281 y(5)49 b(Dep)q(osit)13 b(|)f(load)g(the)i(w)o(ord)e(supplied)h(b)o(y)g -(the)g(selected)i(DTE20)d(in)o(to)g(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(lo)q(cation.)h(If) -224 330 y Fu(Q)e FD(is)g(0,)g(select)h(the)g(lo)q(cation)e(according)h(to)g -(bits)h(0{2)e(and)h(13{35.)k(If)13 b Fu(Q)h FD(is)g(1,)g(use)h(bits)f(14{35)f -(as)224 380 y(a)j(ph)o(ysical)f(address)i(and)f(restrict)h(the)f(function)g -(to)f(the)i(comm)o(unicatio)o(n)c(area)j(de\014ned)h(in)e(the)224 -430 y(DTE20)e(con)o(trol)h(blo)q(c)o(k.)617 415 y Fp(6)653 -430 y FD(The)h(dep)q(osit)f(is)g(e\013ected)i(b)o(y)e(p)q(erforming)e(a)i -Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)d FD(to)j(the)h(DTE20.)154 516 y(6)49 b(Byte)17 -b(transfer)g(|)e(incremen)o(t)h(the)h(b)o(yte)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(for)g(the)g -(direction)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)d(Q)i(\(0)e(out,)h(1)224 -565 y(in\))e(from)f(the)i(con)o(trol)f(blo)q(c)o(k)g(for)g(the)h(selected)i -(DTE20,)c(and)h(then)h(mo)o(v)o(e)e(a)h(b)o(yte)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(T)m(en) -224 615 y(memory)c(and)h(the)i(DTE20)e(according)h(to)g(the)g(altered)h(p)q -(oin)o(ter.)1271 600 y Fp(6)154 701 y FD(7)49 b(Reserv)o(ed)15 -b(\(result)g(indeterminate\).)842 821 y Fz(CA)n(UTION)245 887 -y FD(Because)k(of)d(the)i(sp)q(ecial)f(cycle)h(in)f(whic)o(h)f(it)h(is)g -(executed,)i(an)e(in)o(terrupt)h(function)f(that)245 937 y(uses)h(virtual)d -(addressing)j(cannot)f(emplo)o(y)d(indirect)j(p)q(oin)o(ters)g(in)g(its)f -(paging)g(pro)q(cedure)245 987 y(\()p FB(x)q FD(4.1.4\).)0 -1119 y(13{35)49 b(The)16 b(bits)h(among)d(these)k(that)e(supply)h(the)g -(address)g(when)g(the)g(function)f(requires)i(one)f(dep)q(end)g(on)154 -1168 y(the)d(address)h(space)178 1269 y(Executiv)o(e)g(pro)q(cess)h(table)418 -b(27{35)178 1319 y(Executiv)o(e)15 b(extended)h(virtual)d(address)i(space)97 -b(13{35)178 1369 y(Executiv)o(e)15 b(unextended)h(virtual)d(address)i(space) -51 b(18{35)178 1418 y(Ph)o(ysical)14 b(address)h(space)435 -b(14{35)0 1556 y(Regardless)14 b(of)g(what)f(mo)q(de)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i -(is)e(in)f(when)h(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(o)q(ccurs,)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt)f(op)q -(erations)h(are)0 1606 y(p)q(erformed)e(in)f(k)o(ernel)i(mo)q(de,)d(and)i -(are)g(therefore)i(in)d(executiv)o(e)i(virtual)f(address)h(space)g(unless)g -(the)f(particular)0 1655 y(function)g(selects)h(some)f(other)g(form)e(of)i -(addressing.)18 b(A)13 b(page)g(failure)f(that)i(o)q(ccurs)g(in)f(an)f(in)o -(terrupt)i(op)q(eration)0 1705 y(is)i(nev)o(er)h(trapp)q(ed;)h(instead)f(it)f -(sets)h(the)g(In{Out)f(P)o(age)h(F)m(ailure)e(\015ag,)h(whic)o(h)g(requests)i -(an)e(in)o(terrupt)h(on)f(the)0 1755 y(lev)o(el)h(assigned)g(to)g(the)h(pro)q -(cessor)h(\()p FB(x)p FD(4.1.8\).)26 b(These)18 b(considerations)g(of)e -(course)j(do)e(not)g(apply)f(to)h(a)g(service)0 1805 y(routine)d(called)g(b)o -(y)f(an)h(in)o(terrupt)h(instruction.)0 1890 y FA(In)o(terrupt)8 -b(Instructions.)14 b FD(An)c(instruction)h(executed)h(in)e(resp)q(onse)i(to)e -(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i(request)h(and)e(not)g(under)0 1940 y(con)o(trol)h(of)h -(PC)f(is)h(referred)h(to)f(elsewhere)i(in)d(this)h(man)o(ual)d(as)j(b)q(eing) -f(\\executed)j(as)d(an)h(in)o(terrupt)g(instruction.")0 1990 -y(Some)i(instructions,)j(when)f(so)g(executed,)h(ha)o(v)o(e)e(di\013eren)o(t) -i(e\013ects)h(than)d(they)h(do)g(when)g(p)q(erformed)f(in)g(other)0 -2040 y(circumstances.)k(And)14 b(the)h(di\013erence)h(is)e(not)g(due)g -(merely)f(to)h(b)q(eing)g(p)q(erformed)g(in)f(an)h(in)o(terrupt)h(lo)q -(cation)e(or)0 2090 y(in)i(resp)q(onse)i(\(b)o(y)e(the)h(program\))e(to)h(an) -g(in)o(terrupt.)23 b(T)m(o)15 b(b)q(e)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(instruction,)f -(an)g(instruction)h(m)o(ust)0 2139 y(b)q(e)f(executed)i(in)d(the)h(\014rst)g -(or)g(second)h(in)o(terrupt)f(lo)q(cation)f(for)g(a)g(lev)o(el,)g(in)g -(direct)i(resp)q(onse)g(b)o(y)e(the)i(hardw)o(are)0 2189 y(\(rather)f(than)g -(b)o(y)f(the)g(program\))f(to)h(a)g(request)i(on)e(that)h(lev)o(el.)j(These)e -(lo)q(cations)e(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j(the)g(\014xed)f(ones)h(for)0 -2239 y(a)e(standard)h(in)o(terrupt)h(or)f(those)g(giv)o(en)f(b)o(y)h(the)g -(function)f(w)o(ord)h(for)f(a)h(v)o(ector)g(in)o(terrupt.)19 -b FB(x)p FD(2.18)13 b(describ)q(es)i(the)0 2289 y(t)o(w)o(o)f(w)o(a)o(ys)h(a) -g Fx(BLK)o(O)f FD(is)h(p)q(erformed.)20 b(If)15 b(a)g Fx(BLK)o(O)f -FD(is)h(con)o(tained)g(in)f(an)h(in)o(terrupt)g(routine)h(called)e(b)o(y)h(a) -f Fx(JSR)p FD(,)g(it)0 2339 y(is)g(not)f(\\executed)j(as)e(an)g(in)o(terrupt) -g(instruction")g(ev)o(en)h(in)e(the)h(unlik)o(ely)f(ev)o(en)o(t)i(the)f -(routine)g(is)g(stored)h(within)0 2389 y(the)k(in)o(terrupt)h(lo)q(cations)e -(and)h(the)h Fx(BLK)o(O)e FD(is)h(executed)h(b)o(y)f(an)g Fx(X)o(CT)p -FD(.)e(There)j(are)g(t)o(w)o(o)e(t)o(yp)q(es)i(of)e(in)o(terrupt)0 -2438 y(instructions)g(executed)h(in)e(a)g(standard)g(or)h(dispatc)o(h)f(in)o -(terrupt;)i(the)f(e\013ects)h(of)e(all)f(other)i(instructions)g(are)0 -2488 y(unde\014ned.)174 2556 y Fx(BLKI)p FD(,)e Fx(BLK)o(O)p -FD(.)g(If)h(the)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(coun)o(t)f(is)g(not)g(zero,)h(the)f(pro)q -(cessor)i(dismisses)e(the)g(in)o(terrupt)h(and)174 2606 y(returns)f -(immediately)12 b(to)j(the)h(in)o(terrupted)h(program)c(\(i.e.)i(it)g -(returns)h(con)o(trol)f(to)h(the)f(unc)o(hanged)p eop -%%Page: 349 9 -349 8 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(349)324 195 y(PC\).)16 b(If)g(the)g(coun)o(t)h(is)e(zero,)i(the)g(pro)q -(cessor)h(executes)g(the)e(instruction)h(con)o(tained)f(in)f(the)i(second)324 -245 y(in)o(terrupt)e(lo)q(cation.)324 348 y Fx(XPCW)p FD(,)c -Fx(JSR)p FD(.)g(The)h(pro)q(cessor)i(holds)e(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(on)e(the)i -(lev)o(el,)f(tak)o(es)g(the)h(next)f(instruction)h(from)324 -398 y(the)18 b(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(jump)e(\(as)h -(indicated)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(newly)f(c)o(hanged)h(PC\),)f(and)g(en)o(ters)324 -448 y(either)g(k)o(ernel)f(mo)q(de)f(or)h(the)g(mo)q(de)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b) -o(y)d(the)i(new)f(\015ag)f(w)o(ord)h(of)f(the)i Fx(XPCW)p FD(.)d(Hence)j(the) -324 498 y(instruction)f(is)g(usually)f(a)g(jump)f(to)i(a)f(service)i(routine) -f(handled)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(Monitor.)23 b Fx(XPCW)15 b FD(is)g(the)324 -548 y(preferred)h(instruction)e(on)g(the)g(extended)i(KL10.)150 -651 y(The)g(most)e(imp)q(ortan)o(t)f(p)q(oin)o(t)i(of)g(whic)o(h)g(the)h -(programmer)d(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)i(a)o(w)o(are)f(is)g(that)g(ev)o(en)h(while)f -(User)h(is)g(set,)150 701 y(the)f(in)o(terrupt)g(instructions)g(are)f(not)g -(part)h(of)e(the)i(user)g(program.)i(They)e(are)g(executed)h(in)d(k)o(ernel)i -(mo)q(de)e(and)150 751 y(are)18 b(therefore)g(sub)r(ject)h(only)e(to)g(k)o -(ernel)h(mo)q(de)e(restrictions.)29 b(Regardless)18 b(of)f(the)h(curren)o(t)g -(PC)g(section,)g(the)150 800 y(address)d(part)g(of)e(an)h(in)o(terrupt)h -(instruction)f(is)g(in)o(terpreted)i(as)e(referencing)i(section)e(0,)g -(except)h(in)f(a)g(dispatc)o(h)150 850 y(in)o(terrupt,)h(where)h(it)e -(references)k(the)d(section)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)e(the)h(in)o(terrupt)h -(function)e(w)o(ord.)21 b(As)15 b(an)f(in)o(terrupt)150 900 -y(instruction,)e Fx(JSR)e FD(automatically)e(clears)k(b)q(oth)f(User)i(and)e -(Public)g(to)g(jump)e(to)i(a)g(k)o(ernel)h(mo)q(de)e(service)i(routine.)150 -950 y(An)g Fx(XPCW)f FD(should)h(b)q(e)h(set)g(up)f(to)g(pro)q(duce)h(the)g -(same)e(result.)18 b(The)12 b Fx(XPCW)f FD(con)o(trol)h(blo)q(c)o(k)g(m)o -(ust)f(b)q(e)i(in)e(section)150 1000 y(0)j(unless)g(the)h(in)o(terrupt)f(is)g -(a)g(dispatc)o(h.)915 1118 y Fz(CA)n(UTION)254 1209 y FD(Because)19 -b(of)e(the)h(sp)q(ecial)g(cycle)h(in)e(whic)o(h)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt)i -(instruction)f(is)f(executed,)j(the)e(paging)254 1259 y(pro)q(cedure)e(for)d -(it)h(cannot)g(emplo)o(y)e(indirect)i(p)q(oin)o(ters)g(\()p -FB(x)q FD(4.1.4\).)150 1474 y Fz(In)n(terrupt)k(Programming)150 -1560 y FD(The)13 b(program)f(can)h(con)o(trol)f(the)i(priorit)o(y)e(in)o -(terrupt)h(system)g(b)o(y)g(means)f(of)g(condition)g(I/O)h(instructions.)19 -b(The)150 1610 y(device)c(co)q(de)f(is)g(004,)f(mnemonic)e(PI.)754 -1595 y Fp(7)p 150 1859 1495 4 v 150 1784 V 148 1857 4 75 v -1643 1857 V 688 1857 V 729 1857 V 896 1857 V 162 1889 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1834 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)150 1751 y Fk(CONO)17 b(PI,)94 b(Conditions)21 -b(Out,)d(Prio)n(rit)n(y)i(Interrupt)368 1833 y FD(70060)150 -1984 y(P)o(erform)13 b(the)i(functions)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(the)h -(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(conditions)f(E)g(as)h(sho)o(wn.)1436 1969 -y Fp(8)1473 1984 y FD(\(A)f(1)g(in)g(a)g(bit)g(pro)q(duces)h(the)150 -2034 y(indicated)f(function,)f(a)h(0)f(has)h(no)g(e\013ect.\))p -255 2326 1590 2 v 255 2127 V 254 2325 2 200 v 1844 2325 V 295 -2173 a(W)m(rite)g(Ev)o(en)342 2236 y(P)o(arit)o(y)266 2302 -y Fp(Addr)p 350 2325 2 67 v 23 w(Data)p 445 2325 V 35 w(Dir)p -541 2325 2 200 v 599 2325 V 611 2162 a(Drop)608 2200 y(Prgm)619 -2238 y(Req)625 2276 y(On)617 2309 y(Lvls)p 694 2325 V 704 2185 -a(Clear)726 2217 y(PI)710 2250 y(Sys{)715 2286 y(tem)p 790 -2325 V 818 2312 a Fn(Selected)9 b(Lev)o(els)799 2156 y Fp(Mak)o(e)799 -2189 y(Prgm)810 2227 y(Req)816 2265 y(On)p 885 2275 2 150 v -896 2194 a Fn(T)m(urn)910 2229 y(On)p 981 2275 V 991 2194 a(T)m(urn)1005 -2230 y(O\013)p 1076 2325 2 200 v 1154 2266 a(PI)1117 2301 y(System)1087 -2169 y(T)m(urn)1101 2205 y(O\013)p 1172 2225 2 100 v 1182 2169 -a(T)m(urn)1197 2204 y(On)p 1267 2325 2 200 v 1409 2184 a FD(Select)15 -b(Lev)o(els)f(for)1412 2225 y(Bits)h(22,24,25,26)1297 2313 -y(1)p 1346 2325 2 50 v 60 w(2)p 1429 2325 V 62 w(3)p 1512 2325 -V 62 w(4)p 1595 2325 V 62 w(5)p 1678 2325 V 62 w(6)p 1761 2325 -V 62 w(7)285 2356 y Fn(18)60 b(19)f(20)118 b(22)59 b(23)h(24)f(25)h(26)f(27)h -(28)51 b(29)45 b(30)i(31)g(32)g(33)g(34)g(35)150 2476 y FD(22)i(On)15 -b(lev)o(els)g(selected)i(b)o(y)e(1s)f(in)h(bits)g(29{35,)e(turn)i(o\013)g(an) -o(y)f(in)o(terrupt)i(requests)h(made)c(previously)i(b)o(y)f(the)p -150 2510 720 2 v 196 2537 a Fo(7)214 2549 y Fn(Data)e(instruction)o(s)f(with) -h(device)g(co)q(de)f(PI)i(are)f(unassigned)f(and)h(execute)f(as)h(MUUOs.)22 -b(The)12 b(blo)q(c)o(k)g(instructions)e(are)i(used)150 2588 -y(for)f(error)f(and)h(diagnostic)e(purp)q(oses)g(\()p Fj(x)p -Fn(4.1.8\).)196 2616 y Fo(8)214 2628 y Fn(Bits)i(18{20)f(are)h(for)f(test)h -(purp)q(oses)f(only)m(.)k(They)d(are)g(used)f(to)i(force)e(errors)g(and)h -(are)g(discussed)e(in)i Fj(x)p Fn(4.1.8.)p eop -%%Page: 350 10 -350 9 bop 0 50 a FD(350)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)91 195 y FD(program)f(\(via)g(bit)g(24\).)0 -281 y(23)49 b(T)m(urn)17 b(o\013)f(the)h(priorit)o(y)e(in)o(terrupt)j -(system,)e(turn)h(o\013)f(all)f(lev)o(els,)i(drop)f(all)f(program{set)h -(requests,)i(and)91 330 y(dismiss)13 b(all)g(in)o(terrupts)i(that)f(are)g -(curren)o(tly)h(b)q(eing)f(held.)0 416 y(24)49 b(Request)16 -b(in)o(terrupts)g(on)f(lev)o(els)g(selected)h(b)o(y)f(1s)g(in)f(bits)h -(29{35,)f(and)g(force)i(the)f(pro)q(cessor)i(to)e(recognize)91 -466 y(them)g(ev)o(en)h(on)f(lev)o(els)h(that)f(are)h(o\013.)22 -b(The)16 b(request)h(remains)e(inde\014nitely)m(,)f(so)i(as)f(so)q(on)h(as)f -(an)g(in)o(terrupt)91 516 y(is)f(completed)g(on)g(a)g(giv)o(en)g(lev)o(el)f -(another)i(is)f(started,)h(un)o(til)e(the)i(request)h(is)e(turned)h(o\013)f -(b)o(y)g(a)g Fx(CONO)f(PI,)91 565 y FD(that)h(selects)i(the)e(same)f(c)o -(hannel)h(and)g(has)g(a)g(1)f(in)h(bit)f(22.)91 633 y(Remem)o(b)q(er)18 -b(that)i(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(allo)o(ws)d(the)i(program)e(to)i(con)o(tin)o -(ue)f(while)g(it)g(pro)q(cesses)k(a)c(request.)91 683 y(Th)o(us)c(when)f -(this)g(bit)g(forces)h(recognition)f(of)f(a)h(request,)h(man)o(y)d -(additional)h(program)f(instructions)j(ma)o(y)91 733 y(b)q(e)h(p)q(erformed)f -(b)q(efore)h(the)f(in)o(terrupt,)h(ev)o(en)g(on)e(the)i(highest)f(priorit)o -(y)g(lev)o(el.)21 b(Moreo)o(v)o(er)15 b(if)g(the)g(request)91 -783 y(is)g(allo)o(w)o(ed)e(to)h(remain,)f(additional)g(instructions)i(ma)o(y) -e(b)q(e)i(p)q(erformed)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(successiv)o(e)h(in)o(terrupts.)91 -832 y(F)m(or)g(other)h(than)f(the)g(highest)h(priorit)o(y)e(lev)o(el,)h(the)g -(greater)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(higher)g(lev)o(els)g(activ)o(e,)g -(the)91 882 y(greater)e(the)e(amoun)o(t)f(of)g(program)g(time)g(a)o(v)n -(ailable)e(b)q(oth)k(initially)c(and)j(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(successiv)o(e)g(in) -o(terrupts.)91 932 y(If)g(the)g(program)e(forces)i(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i(on)e -(the)h(lo)o(w)o(est)g(lev)o(el)f(when)h(all)e(are)i(activ)o(e,)g(there)g(can) -g(b)q(e)g(a)g(v)o(ery)91 982 y(long)e(time)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i -Fx(CONO)e(PI,)f FD(and)i(its)g(in)o(terrupt.)0 1067 y(25)49 -b(T)m(urn)12 b(on)g(the)h(lev)o(els)f(selected)i(b)o(y)e(1s)g(in)g(bits)g -(29{35)f(so)h(in)o(terrupt)h(requests)h(can)e(b)q(e)h(recognized)g(on)f -(them.)0 1153 y(26)49 b(T)m(urn)18 b(o\013)g(the)g(lev)o(els)g(b)o(y)g(1s)f -(in)h(bits)g(29{35,)f(so)g(in)o(terrupt)i(requests)h(cannot)e(b)q(e)g -(recognized)h(on)f(them)91 1203 y(unless)d(made)e(b)o(y)g(a)h -Fx(CONO)f(PI,)f FD(with)i(a)f(1)h(in)f(bit)h(24.)0 1288 y(27)49 -b(T)m(urn)14 b(o\013)g(the)g(in)o(terrupt)h(system)f(so)g(no)f(requests)j -(can)e(b)q(e)h(recognized.)0 1374 y(28)49 b(T)m(urn)14 b(on)g(the)g(in)o -(terrupt)h(system)f(so)g(the)g(hardw)o(are)g(can)g(pro)q(cess)i(requests.)p -0 1641 1495 4 v 0 1566 V -2 1639 4 75 v 1493 1639 V 538 1639 -V 579 1639 V 746 1639 V 12 1670 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1616 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)0 1532 -y Fk(CONI)18 b(PI,)117 b(Conditions)21 b(In,)e(Prio)n(rit)n(y)h(Interrupt)218 -1615 y FD(70064)0 1766 y(Read)14 b(the)g(status)h(of)e(the)i(priorit)o(y)e -(in)o(terrupt)h(\(and)g(sev)o(eral)h(diagnostic)e(bits\))h(in)o(to)f(lo)q -(cation)g Fy(E)19 b FD(as)14 b(sho)o(wn.)p 149 2008 1503 2 -v 149 1859 V 148 2007 2 150 v 1651 2007 V 604 2007 V 618 1886 -a Fp(Program)c(Requests)683 1924 y(on)h(Lev)o(els)616 1982 -y FC(1)p 646 2007 2 75 v 23 w(2)p 687 2007 V 22 w(3)p 729 2007 -V 23 w(4)p 770 2007 V 22 w(5)p 812 2007 V 23 w(6)p 854 2007 -V 22 w(7)p 895 2007 2 150 v 900 1894 a Fp(W)905 1926 y(E)905 -1959 y(P)904 1991 y(A)p 937 2007 V 941 1894 a(W)947 1926 y(E)947 -1959 y(P)946 1991 y(D)p 978 2007 V 983 1894 a(W)988 1926 y(E)988 -1959 y(P)988 1991 y(R)p 1020 2007 V 1037 1886 a(In)o(terrupt)h(Holding)1098 -1924 y(on)f(Lev)o(els)1032 1982 y FC(1)p 1061 2007 2 75 v 22 -w(2)p 1103 2007 V 23 w(3)p 1144 2007 V 22 w(4)p 1186 2007 V -23 w(5)p 1227 2007 V 22 w(6)p 1269 2007 V 23 w(7)p 1310 2007 -2 150 v 1319 1926 a Fp(PI)1314 1959 y(On)p 1360 2007 V 1434 -1905 a(Lev)o(els)g(On)1372 1982 y FC(1)p 1401 2007 2 75 v 22 -w(2)p 1443 2007 V 23 w(3)p 1484 2007 V 22 w(4)p 1526 2007 V -23 w(5)p 1567 2007 V 22 w(6)p 1609 2007 V 23 w(7)161 2037 y -Fp(0)431 b(11)8 b(12)g(13)f(14)h(15)f(16)h(17)f(18)h(19)f(20)h(21)f(22)h(23)f -(24)h(25)f(26)h(27)j(28)h(29)7 b(30)h(31)g(32)f(33)h(34)f(35)0 -2140 y FD(Lev)o(els)20 b(that)h(are)f(on)g(are)g(indicated)g(b)o(y)g(1s)g(in) -g(bits)g(29{35;)h(1s)f(in)g(bits)g(21{27)e(indicate)i(lev)o(els)g(on)g(whic)o -(h)0 2190 y(in)o(terrupts)15 b(are)g(curren)o(tly)g(b)q(eing)f(held;)g(and)g -(1s)g(in)g(bits)g(11{17)f(indicate)h(lev)o(els)g(that)g(are)h(receiving)f(in) -o(terrupt)0 2240 y(requests)j(generated)f(b)o(y)f(a)g Fx(CONO)f(PI,)g -FD(with)g(a)h(1)g(in)f(bit)h(24.)21 b(A)15 b(1)g(in)f(bit)h(28)g(means)f(the) -h(in)o(terrupt)h(system)f(is)0 2290 y(on,)e(and)h(1s)g(in)f(bits)h(29{35)f -(therefore)i(indicate)f(activ)o(e)g(lev)o(els.)0 2375 y(The)f(remaining)d -(conditions)h(read)i(b)o(y)f(this)g(instruction)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(nothing)f(to)h -(do)g(with)g(the)g(in)o(terrupt.)19 b(Bits)12 b(18{20)0 2425 -y(re\015ect)k(sev)o(eral)e(diagnostic)f(functions)h(discussed)i(in)d -FB(x)q FD(4.1.8.)0 2510 y FA(Dismissin)o(g)i(an)j(In)o(terrupt)o(.)j -FD(Unless)c(the)f(in)o(terrupt)h(op)q(eration)e(dismisses)g(the)i(in)o -(terrupt)f(automatically)l(,)0 2560 y(the)k(pro)q(cessor)h(holds)f(an)f(in)o -(terrupt)h(un)o(til)f(the)h(program)d(dismisses)i(it,)h(ev)o(en)h(if)d(the)i -(in)o(terrupt)g(routine)g(is)0 2610 y(itself)f(in)o(terrupted)h(b)o(y)f(a)g -(higher)g(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el.)33 b(Th)o(us)19 b(in)o(terrupts)i(can)e(b)q -(e)h(held)f(on)f(a)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(lev)o(els)p eop -%%Page: 351 11 -351 10 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(351)150 195 y(sim)o(ultaneously)m(,)12 b(but)i(from)f(the)i(time)e(an)i -(in)o(terrupt)g(is)f(started)i(un)o(til)e(it)g(is)g(dismissed,)g(no)g(in)o -(terrupt)h(request)150 245 y(can)f(b)q(e)h(accepted)g(on)f(that)g(lev)o(el)f -(or)h(an)o(y)g(of)f(lo)o(w)o(er)g(priorit)o(y)150 330 y(A)d(routine)g -(dismisses)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(b)o(y)g(using)f(an)g(instruction)h(that)g -(restores)i(the)e(lev)o(el)f(on)g(whic)o(h)h(the)g(in)o(terrupt)150 -380 y(is)h(b)q(eing)g(held)h(at)f(the)g(same)g(time)f(it)g(returns)j(to)e -(the)h(in)o(terrupted)h(program.)i(The)d(prop)q(er)g(instruction)f(is)h -Fx(XJEN)150 430 y FD(\()p Fx(JRST)g(7,)p FD(\))g(in)g(an)h(extended)h(KL10,)e -(otherwise)h Fx(JEN)f FD(\()p Fx(JRST)h(12,)p FD(\).)j(Once)e(the)f(lev)o(el) -f(is)h(restored,)g(the)h(hardw)o(are)150 480 y(can)e(again)e(accept)j -(requests)h(and)d(start)i(in)o(terrupts)g(on)e(it)g(and)h(lo)o(w)o(er)f -(priorit)o(y)g(lev)o(els.)17 b(These)c(instructions)g(also)150 -530 y(restore)k(the)g(\015ags:)k Fx(XJEN)16 b FD(from)e(the)i(\015ag{PC)f -(doublew)o(ord)h(if)f(the)h(routine)g(w)o(as)g(called)f(b)o(y)h(an)f -Fx(XPCW)p FD(;)f Fx(JEN)150 580 y FD(from)d(the)j(left)f(half)e(of)i(the)g -(PC)h(w)o(ord)e(if)g(the)i(routine)f(w)o(as)g(called)g(b)o(y)g(a)f -Fx(JSR)h FD(in)f(section)i(0.)j Fx(XJEN)c FD(also)f(restores)150 -629 y(the)i(previous{con)o(text)h(section)g(if)e(the)h(return)h(is)f(b)q -(eing)g(made)f(to)g(an)h(executiv)o(e)h(program.)915 747 y -Fz(CA)n(UTION)254 839 y FD(An)f(in)o(terrupt)h(routine)f(m)o(ust)f(dismiss)g -(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f(when)h(it)f(returns)h(to)f(the)h(in)o(terrupted)g(pro-) -254 888 y(gram,)d(or)j(its)f(lev)o(el)g(and)h(all)e(lev)o(els)h(of)g(lo)o(w)o -(er)g(priorit)o(y)g(will)f(b)q(e)i(disabled,)f(and)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i -(will)254 938 y(treat)d(the)h(new)f(program)e(as)i(a)g(con)o(tin)o(uation)f -(of)g(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f(routine.)150 1092 y FA(Timing.)25 -b FD(The)17 b(maxim)o(um)12 b(time)j(a)i(device)g(ma)o(y)e(w)o(ait)h(for)h -(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i(to)e(start)i(dep)q(ends)g(on)e(ho)o(w)h(man)o(y)150 -1142 y(activ)o(e)e(devices)g(are)g(of)f(higher)h(priorit)o(y)f(and)g(ho)o(w)h -(long)e(their)i(service)h(routines)g(are.)k(When)15 b(a)f(giv)o(en)g(request) -150 1192 y(is)g(of)f(highest)h(priorit)o(y)m(,)e(its)i(device)h(need)g(nev)o -(er)g(w)o(ait)e(longer)g(than)h(10)d Fu(\026)p FD(s.)150 1277 -y FA(Sp)q(ecial)20 b(Consideration)o(s.)31 b FD(When)19 b(an)g(in)o(terrupt)g -(o)q(ccurs,)i(PC)e(p)q(oin)o(ts)g(to)g(the)g(in)o(terrupted)i(instruction)150 -1327 y(\(or)c(to)f(an)g Fx(X)o(CT)g FD(that)h(executed)h(it\),)f(unless)g -(the)g(in)o(terrupt)h(o)q(ccurred)g(in)e(an)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)h(trap)f -(instruction,)h(in)150 1377 y(whic)o(h)h(case)g(PC)g(p)q(oin)o(ts)g(to)g(the) -g(instruction)g(that)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)o(ed.)30 b(After)18 -b(taking)f(care)i(of)e(the)h(in)o(terrupt,)h(the)150 1427 y(pro)q(cessor)c -(can)e(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(return)i(to)f(the)g(in)o(terrupted)h(instruction.)k -(Either)c(a\))f(the)g(instruction)g(did)g(not)g(c)o(hange)150 -1477 y(an)o(ything;)g(b\))h(the)g(in)o(terrupt)h(w)o(as)f(in)g(the)g(second)i -(part)e(of)f(a)h(t)o(w)o(o{part)f(instruction,)h(where)h(First)g(P)o(art)f -(Done)150 1526 y(b)q(eing)f(set)h(prev)o(en)o(ts)h(the)f(pro)q(cessor)h(from) -d(rep)q(eating)i(an)o(y)e(un)o(w)o(an)o(ted)i(op)q(erations)f(in)g(the)h -(\014rst)g(part;)f(or)h(c\))f(the)150 1576 y(in)o(terrupt)h(o)q(ccurred)i(at) -d(some)g(p)q(oin)o(t)g(in)h(a)f(m)o(ultipart)f(instruction)i(where)g(the)h -(micro)q(co)q(de)e(rigged)g(the)i(v)n(arious)150 1626 y(p)q(oin)o(ters)j(and) -g(other)g(quan)o(tities)g(so)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(actually)e(restarts)j -(the)e(instruction)g(where)h(it)e(stopp)q(ed,)150 1676 y(rather)e(than)f -(from)e(the)j(b)q(eginning.)j(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)c(in)f(a)h -Fx(BL)m(T)g FD(and)g(in)f(b)o(yte)i(manipulation,)10 b(the)15 -b(v)o(ery)f(mec)o(hanism)150 1726 y(that)g(facilitates)f(the)i(return)g -(results)g(in)e(sp)q(ecial)h(prop)q(erties)i(of)d(whic)o(h)h(the)g -(programmer)e(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)h(a)o(w)o(are.)150 1811 y(An)i(in)o(terrupt)h -(can)f(start)g(follo)o(wing)d(an)o(y)i(transfer)i(in)f(a)f -Fx(BL)m(T)p FD(.)g(When)h(one)g(do)q(es,)h(the)f Fx(BL)m(T)g -FD(puts)g(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)150 1861 y(\(whic)o(h)11 b(has)f(coun)o(ted)i -(o\013)e(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)d(of)i(transfers)g(already)g(made\))e(bac)o(k) -i(in)f(A)o(C.)g(Then)h(when)g(the)h(instruction)150 1911 y(is)18 -b(restarted)h(follo)o(wing)c(the)k(in)o(terrupt,)g(it)e(actually)g(starts)i -(with)e(the)i(next)f(transfer.)30 b(This)18 b(means)f(that)h(if)150 -1961 y(in)o(terrupts)i(are)f(in)g(use,)h(the)f(programmer)e(cannot)i(use)h -(the)f(accum)o(ulator)e(that)i(holds)g(the)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(as)g(an)150 -2011 y(index)c(register)h(in)f(the)g(same)g Fx(BL)m(T)p FD(,)f(he)h(cannot)h -(ha)o(v)o(e)f(the)g Fx(BL)m(T)g FD(load)f(A)o(C)h(except)i(b)o(y)d(the)i -(\014nal)e(transfer,)i(and)150 2060 y(he)e(cannot)g(exp)q(ect)i(A)o(C)e(to)f -(b)q(e)i(the)f(same)f(after)i(the)f(instruction)g(as)g(it)g(w)o(as)f(b)q -(efore.)150 2146 y(An)f(in)o(terrupt)g(can)g(also)f(start)h(in)f(the)h -(second)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(address)g(calculation)e(in)g(a)g(t)o(w)o(o{part)g -(b)o(yte)h(instruction.)150 2196 y(When)k(this)h(happ)q(ens,)g(First)g(P)o -(art)f(Done)g(is)g(set.)26 b(This)17 b(\015ag)e(is)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)h(as)f(bit)g -(4)g(of)g(a)g(\015ag)f(w)o(ord,)i(and)f(if)f(it)h(is)150 2246 -y(restored)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(routine)g(when)f(the)h(in)o -(terrupt)g(is)g(dismissed,)e(it)h(prev)o(en)o(ts)i(a)e(restarted)i -Fx(ILDB)e FD(or)150 2295 y Fx(IDPB)g FD(from)g(incremen)o(ting)h(the)h(p)q -(oin)o(ter)g(a)f(second)h(time.)28 b(This)17 b(means)g(that)h(the)g(in)o -(terrupt)g(routine)g(m)o(ust)150 2345 y(c)o(hec)o(k)d(the)g(\015ag)f(b)q -(efore)i(using)e(the)h(same)e(p)q(oin)o(ter,)i(as)f(it)g(no)o(w)g(p)q(oin)o -(ts)h(to)f(the)h(next)g(b)o(yte.)20 b(Giving)13 b(an)h Fx(ILDB)g -FD(or)150 2395 y Fx(IDPB)f FD(w)o(ould)h(skip)g(a)g(b)o(yte.)21 -b(And)14 b(if)g(the)h(routine)g(restored)h(the)f(\015ag,)f(the)h(in)o -(terrupted)h Fx(ILDB)e FD(or)h Fx(IDPB)e FD(w)o(ould)150 2445 -y(pro)q(cess)j(the)e(same)f(b)o(yte)h(the)h(routine)f(did.)150 -2530 y FA(Programming)h(Suggestions)o(.)21 b FD(The)16 b(Monitor)f(handles)h -(all)e(in)o(terrupts)j(for)e(user)i(programs.)22 b(Ev)o(en)16 -b(if)e(the)150 2580 y(User)19 b(In{out)e(\015ag)h(is)f(set,)j(a)d(user)i -(generally)f(cannot)g(reference)i(the)e(in)o(terrupt)h(lo)q(cations)e(to)h -(set)g(them)f(up.)p eop -%%Page: 352 12 -352 11 bop 0 50 a FD(352)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(Pro)q(cedures)h(for)e(informing)d(the)k(Monitor)e -(of)h(the)g(in)o(terrupt)h(requiremen)o(ts)f(of)g(a)f(user)i(program)e(are)h -(discussed)0 245 y(in)g(the)i(Monitor)e(man)o(ual.)0 330 y(F)m(or)g(those)i -(who)f(do)f(program)g(priorit)o(y)g(in)o(terrupt)h(routines,)g(there)i(are)e -(sev)o(eral)g(rules)h(to)f(remem)o(b)q(er.)62 454 y FB(\017)21 -b FD(Use)16 b(in)o(terrupt)h(instructions)f(in)f(a)h(manner)f(consisten)o(t)h -(with)g(the)g(sp)q(ecial)g(e\013ects)i(and)d(conditions)g(ap-)104 -504 y(plicable)e(to)h(suc)o(h)g(instructions)h(as)f(describ)q(ed)i(ab)q(o)o -(v)o(e.)62 586 y FB(\017)21 b FD(No)9 b(request)i(can)f(b)q(e)g(accepted,)i -(not)d(ev)o(en)i(on)e(higher)h(priorit)o(y)e(lev)o(els,)i(while)f(a)h -(request)h(is)e(b)q(eing)h(pro)q(cessed)104 636 y(or)20 b(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i -(is)f(starting.)36 b(Therefore)21 b(do)f(not)f(use)i(length)o(y)f(e\013ectiv) -o(e)h(address)g(calculations)e(in)104 686 y(in)o(terrupt)14 -b(instructions.)62 767 y FB(\017)21 b FD(T)m(o)12 b(prev)o(en)o(t)i(a)f -(device)h(from)d(hanging)h(up)i(a)e(lev)o(el,)h(the)h(programmer)c(m)o(ust)i -(b)q(e)i(a)o(w)o(are)f(of)g(|)f(and)h(satisfy)104 817 y(|)g(whatev)o(er)i -(requiremen)o(ts)f(the)h(device)f(has)g(for)g(dropping)f(the)i(request.)62 -899 y FB(\017)21 b FD(The)c(in)o(terrupt)h(instruction)f(that)h(calls)e(the)i -(routine)f(should)g(b)q(e)h(an)f Fx(XPCW)e FD(on)i(an)g(extended)i(KL10,)104 -949 y(otherwise)i(a)e Fx(JSR)p FD(.)g(In)h(either)h(case)g(the)f(paging)f -(for)g(the)i(instruction)f(m)o(ust)f(not)h(use)h(indirect)f(page)104 -998 y(p)q(oin)o(ters.)62 1080 y FB(\017)h FD(The)g(principal)f(function)g(of) -h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i(routine)f(is)f(to)h(resp)q(ond)h(to)f(the)g(situation)f -(that)h(caused)104 1130 y(the)d(in)o(terrupt.)28 b(Computations)15 -b(and)i(an)o(y)g(other)h(time{consuming)c(activities)j(that)g(can)g(p)q -(ossibly)g(b)q(e)104 1180 y(p)q(erformed)c(outside)i(the)f(routine)g(should)g -(not)g(b)q(e)g(included)g(within)f(it.)62 1262 y FB(\017)21 -b FD(Nev)o(er)d(turn)h(o\013)e(the)h(in)o(terrupt)h(system)e(in)g(a)h -(routine)g(unless)g(it)f(is)h(absolutely)f(necessary)m(,)j(and)d(then)104 -1311 y(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(turn)i(it)f(bac)o(k)g(on)g(again)f(as)i(so)q(on)f(as)g -(p)q(ossible.)26 b(If)16 b(one)g(or)h(more)e(lev)o(els)h(can)h(b)q(e)g -(turned)g(o\013)f(in)104 1361 y(place)e(of)f(the)i(en)o(tire)f(system,)f(alw) -o(a)o(ys)g(do)h(that)g(instead.)62 1443 y FB(\017)21 b FD(If)13 -b(the)h(routine)f(uses)i(a)e(UUO)h(it)f(m)o(ust)f(\014rst)i(sa)o(v)o(e)g(the) -f(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(of)e(the)h(lo)q(cations)e(that)i(will)e(b)q(e)i(c)o -(hanged)104 1493 y(b)o(y)f(it)h(in)f(case)i(the)f(in)o(terrupted)h(program)d -(w)o(as)i(in)f(the)h(pro)q(cess)i(of)d(handling)f(a)i(UUO)g(of)f(the)i(same)d -(t)o(yp)q(e)104 1543 y(\()p FB(x)p FD(2.16\).)62 1624 y FB(\017)21 -b FD(The)16 b(routine)f(m)o(ust)g(dismiss)f(the)i(in)o(terrupt)g(\(with)g(an) -f Fx(XJEN)g FD(or)g Fx(JEN)p FD(\))h(when)f(returning)h(to)g(the)g(in)o(ter-) -104 1674 y(rupted)f(program.)h(Flags)d(and)h(UUO)h(lo)q(cations)e(should)h(b) -q(e)g(restored.)0 1826 y Fz(4.1.2)55 b(Cac)n(he)20 b(Managemen)n(t)0 -1938 y FD(F)m(or)11 b(the)g(user,)h(the)g(cac)o(he)g(is)f(transparen)o(t:)18 -b(an)o(y)10 b(program)f(simply)g(gets)j(information)c(from)h(memory)g(and)i -(stores)0 1988 y(information)f(in)i(memory)m(.)i(But)f(use)h(of)e(a)g(cac)o -(he)h(as)g(part)f(of)g(the)h(memory)e(subsystem)h(reduces)j(program)c(time,)0 -2038 y(since)18 b(the)g(cac)o(he)g(is)f(faster)g(than)h(the)f(storage)h(mo)q -(dules,)e(and)h(also)g(reduces)i(storage)e(use)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(program,)0 -2087 y(making)8 b(a)i(larger)g(p)q(ercen)o(tage)i(of)d(total)h(storage)g -(cycles)h(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(to)i(other)h(parts)g(of)e(the)i(system.)17 -b(As)10 b(explained)0 2137 y(in)h FB(x)p FD(1.2.2,)f(transfers)i(b)q(et)o(w)o -(een)h(pro)q(cessor)g(and)e(memory)e(are)i(in)g(four{w)o(ord)g(groups:)17 -b(storage)11 b(references)j(are)e(to)0 2187 y(four)h(lo)q(cations)g(at)h(a)f -(time.)439 2172 y Fp(9)474 2187 y FD(The)h(cac)o(he)h(con)o(tains)e(represen) -o(tations)j(of)d(a)g(selection)h(of)f(suc)o(h)i(lo)q(cation)d(groups.)0 -2237 y(One)g(ma)o(y)d(view)i(the)h(cac)o(he)h(as)e(2048)f(general)i(purp)q -(ose)g(registers,)h(organized)e(in)g(sets)i(of)d(four,)h(whic)o(h)h -(substitute)0 2287 y(temp)q(orarily)i(for)i(the)g(most)f(frequen)o(tly)h -(referenced)j(ph)o(ysical)c(storage)i(lo)q(cation)e(groups.)24 -b(The)16 b(cac)o(he)h(serv)o(es)0 2336 y(this)12 b(function)g(not)g(only)f -(for)g(the)i(program,)d(but)i(for)g(all)f(micro)q(co)q(de)g(references,)k -(including)c(those)i(for)e(handling)0 2386 y(in)o(terrupts,)17 -b(traps,)e(page)h(re\014lls,)f(and)h(other)g(automatic)d(op)q(erations.)23 -b(The)16 b(w)o(a)o(y)f(the)h(hardw)o(are)g(handles)f(the)0 -2436 y(cac)o(he)j(dep)q(ends)h(up)q(on)f(whether)g(the)g(initial)e(pro)q -(cessor)j(reference)h(to)d(a)g(lo)q(cation)g(in)g(a)g(particular)g(group)g -(is)0 2486 y(read)d(or)g(write.)p 0 2511 720 2 v 46 2538 a -Fo(9)64 2550 y Fn(Of)c(course)f(memory)f(con)o(trol)h(do)q(es)g(not)g -(blindly)g(request)f(four)i(storage)e(cycles)h(for)h(ev)o(ery)f(group)f(ev)o -(en)i(when)f(it)i(is)f(kno)o(wn)f(that)0 2589 y(some)i(are)g(unnecessary)m(.) -i(F)m(ew)o(er)f(references)e(are)h(made)f(when)i(some)f(lo)q(cations)e(in)j -(a)g(group)e(already)g(ha)o(v)o(e)h(v)n(alid)f(represen)o(tatio)o(ns)0 -2629 y(in)h(the)g(cac)o(he,)f(or)h(the)g(\014rst)f(or)i(last)e(transfer)g(in) -h(a)h(c)o(hannel)d(blo)q(c)o(k)h(is)i(for)f(part)f(of)h(a)h(group.)p -eop -%%Page: 353 13 -353 12 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(353)150 195 y(When)13 b(the)g(\014rst)h(pro)q(cessor)h(reference)g(to)e -(a)f(group)h(is)g(to)f(read)i(the)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(one)h(of)g(its)f -(lo)q(cations,)g(memory)150 245 y(con)o(trol)18 b(retriev)o(es)h(the)g(en)o -(tire)g(four{w)o(ord)e(group)h(con)o(taining)f(the)h(referenced)j(lo)q -(cation.)29 b(The)18 b(single)g(w)o(ord)150 295 y(requested)c(is)e(supplied)g -(to)f(the)i(program,)d(but)i(all)f(four)h(are)g(placed)g(in)g(the)g(cac)o(he) -h(and)f(are)g(v)n(alidated,)f(i.e.)16 b(they)150 345 y(are)i(tagged)f(as)g(w) -o(ords)h(that)f(do)h(represen)o(t)h(the)f(true)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e -(memory)m(.)25 b(Subsequen)o(t)19 b(references,)h(read)150 -394 y(or)d(write,)g(to)g(the)h(same)e(group)h(are)g(made)f(to)h(the)g(cac)o -(he,)h(not)f(to)g(storage.)28 b(If)16 b(the)i(pro)q(cessor)g(mo)q(di\014es)e -(the)150 444 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(a)h(lo)q(cation)f(in)g(the)h(group,)g -(the)h(new)f(w)o(ord)f(supplied)h(is)g(substituted)h(for)f(the)g(one)g(in)g -(the)g(cac)o(he)150 494 y(lo)q(cation,)c(whic)o(h)h(is)g(tagged)g(as)g -(written.)18 b(Th)o(us)13 b(the)h(cac)o(he)g(w)o(ord)f(is)g(di\013eren)o(t)h -(from)d(storage)j(but)f(still)f(v)n(alid)f(|)150 544 y(i.e.,)h(it)i(represen) -o(ts)i(what)e(the)h(storage)f(lo)q(cation)f(should)h(con)o(tain.)150 -629 y(When)k(the)g(\014rst)h(reference)h(to)d(a)g(group)h(is)f(for)h -(writing,)f(there)i(is)f(no)f(call)g(to)g(storage)h(at)g(all.)28 -b(Instead)18 b(the)150 679 y(hardw)o(are)g(sets)i(aside)e(a)g(lo)q(cation)f -(group)h(in)f(the)i(cac)o(he,)h(with)d(the)i(one)f(w)o(ord)g(in)g(it)f -(tagged)h(as)g(b)q(oth)h(v)n(alid)150 729 y(and)d(written.)27 -b(F)m(urther)17 b(reads)g(or)g(writes)g(of)f(the)h(same)e(lo)q(cation)h(are)h -(handled)f(solely)g(with)g(the)i(cac)o(he,)f(and)150 779 y(subsequen)o(t)h -(writes)e(to)g(other)g(lo)q(cations)f(in)h(the)g(same)f(group)h(are)g -(handled)g(just)g(lik)o(e)f(the)h(\014rst.)25 b(But)16 b(a)f(read)150 -829 y(to)g(a)g(lo)q(cation)f(that)h(has)g(not)g(b)q(een)i(written)e(pro)q -(duces)i(a)e(storage)g(reference.)25 b(The)15 b(requested)i(w)o(ord)e(is)g -(giv)o(en)150 878 y(to)e(the)h(pro)q(cessor,)g(and)f(all)f(w)o(ords)h(in)g -(the)h(group)f(that)g(do)f(not)h(already)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(written)h(represen)o -(tations)h(in)d(the)150 928 y(cac)o(he)j(are)f(inserted)h(in)o(to)e(the)i -(group)f(en)o(try)m(.)150 1014 y(When)e(storage)h(is)f(b)q(eing)g(up)q(dated) -h(or)f(a)g(group)g(en)o(try)h(that)f(is)g(not)g(in)g(use)h(is)f(replaced)h(b) -o(y)f(another,)g(w)o(ords)h(just)150 1064 y(v)n(alid)f(can)i(b)q(e)h(thro)o -(wn)f(a)o(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)i(But)f(written)f(w)o(ords)g(m)o(ust)f(ev)o(en)o -(tually)g(b)q(e)i(sen)o(t)g(to)e(a)h(storage)g(mo)q(dule.)150 -1149 y FA(Cac)o(he)22 b(Structure.)30 b FD(The)19 b(2048)f(lo)q(cations)g(in) -h(the)g(cac)o(he)h(are)f(con)o(tained)g(in)f(128)g(lines)h(of)f(sixteen)i -(eac)o(h.)150 1199 y(The)c(lines)f(are)h(iden)o(ti\014ed)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(p)q -(ossible)f(group)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(in)g(a)g(single)g(page,)g(0{177.)21 -b(Eac)o(h)16 b(line)f(con)o(tains)150 1249 y(four)i(group)g(en)o(tries)i(for) -e(the)h(giv)o(en)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)28 b(Eac)o(h)18 b(group)f(en)o(try)h(in)f -(turn)h(comprises)g(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(the)150 1299 -y(ph)o(ysical)d(page)393 1284 y Fp(10)442 1299 y FD(con)o(taining)f(the)i -(storage)f(group)g(corresp)q(onding)h(to)f(the)h(en)o(try)g(and)f(represen)o -(tations)i(of)d(the)150 1348 y(four)h(lo)q(cations)f(in)g(the)i(group,)e(eac) -o(h)i(with)e(v)n(alid,)f(written)i(and)g(parit)o(y)f(bits.)150 -1434 y(The)j(hardw)o(are)f(also)g(includes)h(a)f(mec)o(hanism)e(for)i(k)o -(eeping)g(trac)o(k)h(of)f(the)h(use)g(of)f(the)h(v)n(arious)e(group)h(en)o -(tries.)150 1484 y(Whenev)o(er)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)g(references)i(a)d(group) -g(whose)g(corresp)q(onding)h(line)e(in)h(the)g(cac)o(he)h(already)f(con)o -(tains)150 1534 y(v)n(alid)d(en)o(tries)j(from)d(four)i(other)g(pages,)g(the) -g(hardw)o(are)g(puts)g(the)h(new)f(group)g(represen)o(tation)h(in)e(place)h -(of)f(the)150 1583 y(least)f(recen)o(tly)h(used)g(en)o(try)g(in)e(the)i -(line.)k(But)12 b(in)g(doing)f(so)h(it)f(also)h(up)q(dates)h(from)d(an)o(y)h -(represen)o(tations)j(tagged)150 1633 y(as)g(written)g(in)g(the)g(displaced)g -(group)g(en)o(try)m(.)150 1719 y FA(In)o(ternal)h(Channels.)21 -b FD(The)16 b(c)o(hannels)g(are)g(exp)q(ected)h(in)e(general)h(to)f(deal)g -(with)g(the)h(storage)g(mo)q(dules,)e(but)150 1769 y(if)g(the)h(cac)o(he)g -(con)o(tains)f(an)o(y)g(v)n(alid)f(w)o(ords)h(for)h(a)f(page)g(b)q(eing)g -(handled)h(through)f(the)h(c)o(hannels,)g(the)g(hardw)o(are)150 -1818 y(acts)g(as)f(follo)o(ws:)254 1945 y(In)d(an)g(output)g(op)q(eration,)g -(an)o(y)f(v)n(alid)g(represen)o(tations)j(at)d(lo)q(cations)h(addressed)i(b)o -(y)e(a)f(c)o(hannel)h(are)h(tak)o(en)254 1995 y(from)g(the)i(cac)o(he)h -(instead)f(of)g(storage.)254 2078 y(In)h(an)h(input)f(op)q(eration,)g(all)g -(data)g(is)g(sen)o(t)i(to)e(storage.)24 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)15 -b(an)o(y)h(en)o(tries)g(that)g(are)g(in)f(the)h(cac)o(he)254 -2128 y(for)d(lo)q(cations)h(addressed)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(c)o(hannel)h(are)f(in)o -(v)n(alidated.)150 2255 y(The)i(reasons)g(for)f(this)g(b)q(eha)o(vior)g(are)h -(apparen)o(t.)22 b(F)m(or)15 b(output)h(an)o(y)f(v)n(alid)e(w)o(ords)j(left)f -(in)g(the)g(cac)o(he)i(migh)o(t)c(as)150 2305 y(w)o(ell)i(b)q(e)h(tak)o(en)g -(since)g(that)g(is)f(faster)i(than)e(going)g(to)g(storage.)24 -b(F)m(urthermore)15 b(some)g(v)n(alid)f(en)o(tries)i(ma)o(y)e(ha)o(v)o(e)150 -2355 y(b)q(een)i(written,)f(and)g(it)f(is)h(assumed)f(that)h(storage)g(will)e -(certainly)i(not)g(b)q(e)g(more)f(up)h(to)f(date)h(than)g(the)g(cac)o(he.)150 -2405 y(An)o(ything)f(brough)o(t)g(in)g(via)f(a)h(c)o(hannel)h(is)f(assumed)g -(to)g(b)q(e)h(the)g(correct)h(cop)o(y)m(,)d(and)i(it)e(should)i(therefore)g -(go)f(to)150 2454 y(storage)g(as)f(the)h(page)g(cannot)f(b)q(e)i(in)e(use)h -(at)f(the)h(same)f(time)f(it)h(is)g(b)q(eing)h(loaded.)j(An)o(y)c(v)n(alid)f -(en)o(tries)j(left)e(o)o(v)o(er)150 2504 y(in)e(the)i(cac)o(he)g(m)o(ust)e(b) -q(e)h(from)e(some)h(previous)h(op)q(eration,)g(and)g(they)g(should)g -(therefore)h(b)q(e)f(in)o(v)n(alidated,)e(so)i(an)o(y)p 150 -2539 720 2 v 181 2566 a Fo(10)214 2577 y Fn(The)e(list)g(of)f(all)h(page)f(n) -o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(mak)o(es)h(up)h(the)g(cac)o(he)e(\\directory)m(.")k(F)m(or)e -(man)o(y)f(hardw)o(are)f(functions)g(the)i(cac)o(he)f(is)h(organized)150 -2617 y(in)h(four)g(quadran)o(ts.)h(A)h(quadran)o(t)8 b(con)o(tains)i(128)h -(group)f(en)o(tries,)f(one)i(from)f(eac)o(h)h(line.)p eop -%%Page: 354 14 -354 13 bop 0 50 a FD(354)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(future)h(references)j(to)d(those)h(lo)q(cations)e -(will)f(go)i(to)f(storage)i(for)e(the)i(correct)g(cop)o(y)m(.)21 -b(Should)14 b(an)o(y)h(of)f(the)i(v)n(alid)0 245 y(lefto)o(v)o(ers)c(b)q(e)h -(tagged)f(as)g(written,)h(it)f(is)g(assumed)g(the)g(Monitor)g(w)o(ould)f(ha)o -(v)o(e)h(sw)o(app)q(ed)h(out)f(the)h(mo)q(di\014ed)e(page)0 -295 y(b)q(efore)17 b(bringing)e(in)h(the)g(new.)26 b(Of)16 -b(course)h(a)f(page)g(used)h(as)f(temp)q(orary)f(storage,)i(or)f(to)g(hold)g -(coun)o(ters)h(and)0 345 y(con)o(trol)d(w)o(ords,)f(alb)q(eit)h(mo)q -(di\014ed,)e(can)i(just)g(b)q(e)g(thro)o(wn)g(a)o(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)0 -484 y Fz(Cac)n(he)19 b(Programming)0 569 y FD(The)e(op)q(erations)f(the)h -(program)d(can)j(p)q(erform)e(on)h(or)g(for)g(the)h(cac)o(he)g(are)f(three:) -24 b(to)16 b(in)o(v)n(alidate,)f(to)h(v)n(alidate,)0 619 y(and)h(to)g -(unload.)27 b(An)o(y)17 b(of)g(these)h(op)q(erations)g(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)j -(carried)g(out)f(for)f(all)g(en)o(tries)j(in)d(the)i(cac)o(he)g(or)f(for)g -(all)0 669 y(en)o(tries)d(of)f(a)g(single)g(page.)18 b(T)m(o)12 -b(in)o(v)n(alidate)g(a)h(lo)q(cation)f(is)h(simply)e(to)i(clear)h(its)f(v)n -(alid)f(and)h(written)h(bits)f(so)g(it)g(no)0 719 y(longer)i(represen)o(ts)j -(an)o(ything.)k(T)m(o)15 b(v)n(alidate)f(or)i(unload)e(means)h(to)g(up)q -(date)h(storage,)g(i.e.)23 b(to)15 b(write)h(a)f(cac)o(hed)0 -769 y(w)o(ord)c(in)o(to)g(storage)h(if)e(it)h(is)h(tagged)f(as)g(written,)h -(and)g(to)f(clear)h(the)g(written)g(bit.)17 b(Otherwise)12 -b(v)n(alidating)e(storage)0 818 y(lea)o(v)o(es)j(the)h(v)n(alidit)o(y)d(of)i -(the)h(cac)o(he)g(en)o(tries)g(unc)o(hanged,)f(whereas)i(unloading)d(in)o(v)n -(alidates)g(all)f(en)o(tries,)j(written)0 868 y(or)g(not,)f(in)h(the)g -(groups)g(b)q(eing)g(pro)q(cessed)i(\(all)d(those)i(in)e(a)h(single)f(page)h -(or)g(the)g(en)o(tire)h(cac)o(he\).)0 954 y(F)m(ollo)o(wing)j(p)q(o)o(w)o(er) -j(turnon)g(in)f(an)o(y)h(system,)g(the)h(cac)o(he)f(use)h(tables)f(m)o(ust)f -(b)q(e)h(initialized)e(and)i(the)g(cac)o(he)0 1004 y(in)o(v)n(alidated,)9 -b(as)i(its)g(initial)e(state)j(is)f(indeterminate.)16 b(Bey)o(ond)c(this,)f -(a)f(system)h(with)g(a)f(single)h(cen)o(tral)g(pro)q(cessor)0 -1053 y(and)16 b(in)o(ternal)f(c)o(hannels)i(requires)g(no)e(cac)o(he)i -(programming)o(,)c(as)j(ev)o(erything)g(is)g(handled)g(adequately)g(b)o(y)f -(the)0 1103 y(hardw)o(are.)28 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)18 b(if)e(a)h(system)g(con)o -(tains)g(facilities)f(that)h(b)o(ypass)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(to)e(deal)g -(directly)g(with)0 1153 y(external)g(memory)m(,)e(whether)j(suc)o(h)g -(facilit)o(y)d(b)q(e)i(an)g(external)h(c)o(hannel)f(or)g(another)g(cen)o -(tral)g(pro)q(cessor,)i(then)0 1203 y(the)14 b(Monitor)g(m)o(ust)f(actually)g -(manage)f(the)i(relationship)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(storage)f(mo)q(dules)f(and) -h(cac)o(he.)0 1288 y(As)i(an)g(example)f(of)g(suc)o(h)h(managemen)o(t)e(and)i -(to)f(illustrate)h(the)g(di\013erence)i(in)e(use)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(v)n -(alidation)13 b(and)0 1338 y(unloading,)20 b(consider)i(the)f(situation)f(in) -g(whic)o(h)h(a)f(program)f(is)h(through)h(with)f(the)h(data)g(in)f(a)g -(particular)0 1388 y(\(mo)q(di\014ed\))c(page)h(and)g(it)f(is)h(to)g(b)q(e)g -(sw)o(app)q(ed)h(via)e(an)h(external)g(c)o(hannel)h(with)e(new)i(data)e -(brough)o(t)h(in)o(to)f(the)0 1438 y(same)d(ph)o(ysical)g(page)h(for)g(later) -g(use.)19 b(The)14 b(page)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(unloaded)g(in)o(to)f(storage)h -(so)g(that)g(subsequen)o(tly)h(the)0 1488 y(program)g(will)f(go)i(there)h -(for)f(the)h(new)f(data.)25 b(On)16 b(the)h(other)g(hand)f(supp)q(ose)h(a)f -(program)f(has)h(created)i(some)0 1537 y(co)q(de)f(in)f(a)g(page,)h(and)f -(the)h(system)g(is)f(b)q(oth)h(to)f(go)g(ahead)g(and)h(execute)h(it)e -(immediately)d(and)j(place)h(it)f(in)g(a)0 1587 y(library)m(.)j(No)o(w)14 -b(v)n(alidation)e(is)i(the)h(prop)q(er)h(pro)q(cedure:)21 b(while)14 -b(the)h(storage)g(cop)o(y)f(is)h(b)q(eing)f(\014led,)g(the)i(program)0 -1637 y(can)e(con)o(tin)o(ue)g(execution)h(from)d(the)i(cac)o(he.)0 -1723 y(F)m(or)j(initialization)d(and)j(managemen)o(t,)e(there)j(is)f(one)g -(instruction)g(that)h(initializes)d(the)j(use)g(tables)f(and)g(six)0 -1772 y(that)c(sw)o(eep)g(the)h(cac)o(he)f(to)g(p)q(erform)e(the)j(ab)q(o)o(v) -o(e)e(three)i(op)q(erations)f(for)f(a)g(single)g(page)h(or)g(all)e(pages.)18 -b(Note)13 b(that)0 1822 y(a)h(sw)o(eep)h(of)e(the)i(en)o(tire)f(cac)o(he)h -(is)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(necessary)m(,)i(ev)o(en)f(for)g(handling)f(a)g(single)h -(page,)f(as)h(there)i(is)d(no)h(prior)0 1872 y(w)o(a)o(y)e(of)h(kno)o(wing)f -(whether)i(an)o(y)f(giv)o(en)f(line)h(con)o(tains)g(a)g(group)f(from)g(an)o -(y)g(giv)o(en)h(page.)18 b(Sw)o(eeping)13 b(for)g(a)f(single)0 -1922 y(page)j(do)q(es)h(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)g(tak)o(e)g(less)g(time)e(than)h(sw) -o(eeping)h(for)f(all)f(pages.)23 b(In)15 b(the)h(latter)f(case)i(the)f(sw)o -(eep)q(er)h(m)o(ust)0 1972 y(c)o(hec)o(k)d(all)d(512)h(group)h(en)o(tries,)h -(whereas)g(the)f(former)f(requires)i(c)o(hec)o(king)f(only)f(ev)o(ery)i(line) -e(to)h(see)h(if)e(it)g(con)o(tains)0 2021 y(an)h(en)o(try)i(for)e(the)h(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(page,)f(and)f(there)i(can)f(b)q(e)g(at)g(most)e(one)i(suc)o(h)g -(en)o(try)m(.)19 b(Moreo)o(v)o(er)14 b(sw)o(eeping)g(for)f(all)0 -2071 y(pages)g(can)f(usually)f(b)q(e)i(exp)q(ected)i(to)d(require)h(more)e -(storage)i(references)i(than)d(sw)o(eeping)h(for)f(a)g(single)f(page.)18 -b(In)0 2121 y(this)e(ligh)o(t)e(it)h(should)g(b)q(e)i(noted)e(that)h(the)g -(sw)o(eep)h(instructions)f(simply)e(initiate)g(op)q(erations)i(whic)o(h)f -(are)h(then)0 2171 y(carried)g(forw)o(ard)e(b)o(y)h(the)h(cac)o(he)g(sw)o -(eep)q(er.)23 b(The)15 b(program)f(can)h(con)o(tin)o(ue)g(while)g(the)g(sw)o -(eep)h(is)f(going)f(on,)h(but)0 2221 y(this)i(can)h(b)q(e)g(exp)q(ected)i(to) -d(slo)o(w)g(do)o(wn)g(the)h(sw)o(eep)g(as)g(the)g(cac)o(he)g(and)f(program)f -(w)o(ould)h(then)h(comp)q(ete)f(for)0 2271 y(storage)c(references.)21 -b(That)13 b(a)f(sw)o(eep)i(is)f(in)f(progress)i(is)f(indicated)g(b)o(y)f(the) -i(Sw)o(eep)f(Busy)h(\015ag)e(b)q(eing)h(on,)f(and)h(at)0 2320 -y(completion)c(the)j(sw)o(eep)q(er)h(clears)f(Busy)g(and)f(sets)h(Sw)o(eep)g -(Done.)17 b(The)12 b(program)d(can)j(c)o(hec)o(k)g(b)q(oth)f(of)g(these)h -(\015ags)0 2370 y(among)f(what)j(are)f(otherwise)i(the)f(pro)q(cessor)h -(error)f(conditions,)f(and)g(it)g(can)h(enable)f(the)h(latter)g(to)f(request) -i(an)0 2420 y(in)o(terrupt)g(on)e(the)i(lev)o(el)e(assigned)i(to)e(the)i(pro) -q(cessor)h(\()p FB(x)p FD(4.1.8\).)0 2506 y(These)d(are)g(I/O)f(instructions) -g(wherein)h(the)f(cac)o(he)h(sw)o(eep)q(er)h(has)e(device)h(co)q(de)g(014,)e -(mnemonic)e(CCA.)j(But)g(the)0 2555 y(instructions)j(ha)o(v)o(e)e(their)i(o)o -(wn)e(mnemonics)f(since)j(they)g(b)q(ear)f(no)g(relation)f(to)h(the)h -(standard)f(I/O)g(op)q(erations.)0 2605 y(Six)h(of)g(the)i(eigh)o(t)e(are)h -(used:)23 b(the)16 b Fx(BLKI)f FD(and)h Fx(CONO)f FD(also)g(sw)o(eep,)i -(doing)d(nothing)h(but)h(w)o(asting)g(cac)o(he)g(cycle)p eop -%%Page: 355 15 -355 14 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(355)150 195 y(time.)17 b(The)d(single)g(instruction)g(that)g -(initializes)e(the)j(use)g(tables)f(is)g(discussed)h(at)f(the)g(end)h(of)e -(the)i(section.)p 150 444 1495 4 v 150 369 V 148 442 4 75 v -1643 442 V 688 442 V 729 442 V 896 442 V 162 474 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 419 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)150 336 y Fk(SWPIA)162 b(Sw)n(eep)20 b(Cache,)g(Invalidate)h(All) -e(P)n(ages)111 b FD(\(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)13 b(CCA,\))368 418 y(70144)1665 -422 y Fy(E)19 b FD(is)14 b(not)g(used.)1920 407 y Fp(11)150 -569 y FD(Set)h(Sw)o(eep)h(Busy)m(,)e(and)h(clear)g(the)g(v)n(alid)e(and)i -(written)g(bits)g(in)f(all)f(cac)o(he)j(en)o(tries.)21 b(A)o(t)15 -b(the)g(completion)e(of)h(the)150 619 y(sw)o(eep,)i(clear)f(Sw)o(eep)h(Busy)g -(and)f(set)h(Sw)o(eep)g(Done,)e(requesting)i(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(on)f(the)g -(lev)o(el)g(assigned)g(to)g(the)150 669 y(pro)q(cessor.)p 150 -918 1495 4 v 150 843 V 148 916 4 75 v 1643 916 V 688 916 V -729 916 V 896 916 V 162 948 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 893 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 810 -y Fk(SWPIO)159 b(Sw)n(eep)20 b(Cache,)g(Invalidate)h(One)d(P)n(age)111 -b FD(\(CONI)14 b(CCA,\))368 892 y(70164)150 1043 y(Set)20 b(Sw)o(eep)h(Busy)m -(,)g(and)f(clear)g(the)h(v)n(alid)d(and)i(written)g(bits)g(in)f(all)g(cac)o -(he)i(en)o(tries)g(for)e(the)i(ph)o(ysical)e(page)150 1093 -y(sp)q(eci\014ed)13 b(b)o(y)f(bits)g(23{35)f(of)g Fu(E)r FD(.)18 -b(A)o(t)12 b(the)g(completion)e(of)i(the)g(sw)o(eep,)h(clear)g(Sw)o(eep)f -(Busy)h(and)f(set)h(Sw)o(eep)f(Done,)150 1143 y(requesting)j(an)e(in)o -(terrupt)i(on)f(the)g(lev)o(el)g(assigned)g(to)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor.)p -150 1392 1495 4 v 150 1317 V 148 1390 4 75 v 1643 1390 V 688 -1390 V 729 1390 V 896 1390 V 162 1422 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1367 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 1284 -y Fk(SWPV)-5 b(A)146 b(Sw)n(eep)20 b(Cache,)g(V)n(alidate)g(All)f(P)n(ages) -112 b FD(\(BLK)o(O)14 b(CCA,\))368 1366 y(70150)1665 1370 y -Fy(E)19 b FD(is)14 b(not)g(used.)1920 1355 y Fp(11)150 1517 -y FD(Set)e(Sw)o(eep)h(Busy)m(,)f(and)f(write)h(in)o(to)f(storage)h(all)f(cac) -o(hed)i(w)o(ords)f(whose)g(written)g(bits)g(are)g(set.)18 b(Clear)12 -b(all)e(written)150 1567 y(bits)i(but)h(do)f(not)g(c)o(hange)g(the)h(v)n -(alidit)o(y)d(of)i(an)o(y)f(en)o(tries.)19 b(A)o(t)12 b(the)h(completion)d -(of)i(the)h(sw)o(eep,)g(clear)f(Sw)o(eep)h(Busy)150 1617 y(and)h(set)h(Sw)o -(eep)f(Done,)g(requesting)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(on)e(the)i(lev)o(el)e -(assigned)i(to)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor.)p 150 1866 1495 4 v 150 -1791 V 148 1864 4 75 v 1643 1864 V 688 1864 V 729 1864 V 896 -1864 V 162 1896 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)698 1841 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 1758 y Fk(SWPV)n(O)140 -b(Sw)n(eep)20 b(Cache,)g(V)n(alidate)g(One)e(P)n(age)112 b -FD(\(CONSZ)14 b(CCA,\))368 1840 y(70170)150 1991 y(Set)i(Sw)o(eep)g(Busy)m(,) -g(and)f(write)h(in)o(to)e(storage)i(all)e(cac)o(hed)j(w)o(ords)f(whose)f -(written)h(bits)g(are)g(set)g(and)f(whic)o(h)h(are)150 2041 -y(found)d(in)f(en)o(tries)i(for)f(the)g(ph)o(ysical)g(page)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)j -(b)o(y)e(bits)g(23{35)e(of)i Fu(E)r FD(.)k(Clear)c(the)h(written)f(bits)g -(asso)q(ciated)150 2091 y(with)h(those)i(w)o(ords)f(sen)o(t)g(to)g(storage,)g -(but)g(do)f(not)h(c)o(hange)g(the)g(v)n(alidit)o(y)e(of)h(an)o(y)g(en)o -(tries.)22 b(A)o(t)14 b(the)i(completion)150 2141 y(of)f(the)g(sw)o(eep,)i -(clear)e(Sw)o(eep)h(Busy)g(and)f(set)i(Sw)o(eep)f(Done,)f(requesting)h(an)f -(in)o(terrupt)h(on)f(the)h(lev)o(el)f(assigned)150 2190 y(to)f(the)g(pro)q -(cessor.)p 150 2439 1495 4 v 150 2365 V 148 2438 4 75 v 1643 -2438 V 688 2438 V 729 2438 V 896 2438 V 162 2469 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2414 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)150 2331 y Fk(SWPUA)140 b(Sw)n(eep)20 b(Cache,)g(Unload)f(All)g -(P)n(ages)111 b FD(\(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)13 b(CCA,\))368 2414 -y(70154)1665 2417 y Fy(E)19 b FD(is)14 b(not)g(used.)1920 2402 -y Fp(11)p 150 2506 720 2 v 181 2533 a Fo(11)214 2544 y Fi(I)s -Fn(,)d Fi(X)j Fn(and)d Fi(Y)20 b Fn(are)11 b(reserv)o(ed)e(and)i(should)f(b)q -(e)h(zero.)p eop -%%Page: 356 16 -356 15 bop 0 50 a FD(356)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(Set)h(Sw)o(eep)h(Busy)m(,)e(and)h(write)g(in)o(to) -f(storage)h(all)f(cac)o(hed)h(w)o(ords)g(whose)h(written)f(bits)f(are)i(set.) -21 b(In)o(v)n(alidate)13 b(the)0 245 y(en)o(tire)h(cac)o(he,)g(i.e.,)e(clear) -i(all)e(v)n(alid)g(and)h(written)h(bits.)k(A)o(t)c(the)g(completion)d(of)i -(the)h(sw)o(eep,)g(clear)g(Sw)o(eep)g(Busy)0 295 y(and)g(set)h(Sw)o(eep)f -(Done,)g(requesting)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(on)e(the)i(lev)o(el)e(assigned)i -(to)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor.)p 0 544 1495 4 v 0 469 V -2 542 4 -75 v 1493 542 V 538 542 V 579 542 V 746 542 V 12 573 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 519 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)0 435 y Fk(SWPUO)137 b(Sw)n(eep)20 b(Cache,)g(Unload)f(One)f(P)n -(age)111 b FD(\(CONSO)15 b(CCA,\))218 518 y(70174)0 669 y(Set)h(Sw)o(eep)g -(Busy)m(,)g(and)f(write)h(in)o(to)e(storage)i(all)e(cac)o(hed)j(w)o(ords)f -(whose)f(written)h(bits)g(are)g(set)g(and)f(whic)o(h)h(are)0 -719 y(found)h(in)h(en)o(tries)g(for)g(the)g(ph)o(ysical)f(page)h(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f(bits)f(23{35)g(of)g Fu(E)r FD(.)29 b(In)o(v)n(alidate)17 -b(all)f(en)o(tries)j(for)e(the)0 769 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(page,)e(i.e.,)g -(clear)h(b)q(oth)f(their)h(v)n(alid)e(and)h(written)h(bits.)26 -b(A)o(t)16 b(the)h(completion)e(of)h(the)h(sw)o(eep,)h(clear)0 -818 y(Sw)o(eep)d(Busy)f(and)g(set)h(Sw)o(eep)f(Done,)g(requesting)h(an)e(in)o -(terrupt)i(on)f(the)g(lev)o(el)g(assigned)g(to)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)0 -904 y FA(Timing.)i FD(Simple)11 b(in)o(v)n(alidation)f(tak)o(es)j(little)f -(time,)g(and)g(it)h(in)o(terferes)h(minim)o(all)o(y)c(with)i(the)i(program)d -(since)i(it)0 954 y(requires)h(no)f(storage)g(references.)21 -b(Otherwise)14 b(an)f(a)o(v)o(erage)g(sw)o(eep)h(requires)g(on)f(the)h(order) -f(of)g(sev)o(eral)g(h)o(undred)0 1004 y(microseconds,)21 b(but)f(v)n(aries)g -(widely)f(dep)q(ending)i(on)f(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(references)i -(required.)37 b(Allo)o(wing)18 b(the)0 1053 y(program)11 b(to)i(run)g(sim)o -(ultaneously)e(slo)o(ws)i(do)o(wn)g(the)g(sw)o(eep)h(b)q(ecause)h(of)d(comp)q -(etition)g(for)h(storage)g(cycles,)h(but)0 1103 y(program)e(time)h(is)h(sa)o -(v)o(ed)g(nonetheless.)0 1339 y(Managemen)o(t)h(of)g(the)i(cac)o(he)g(is)f -(relativ)o(ely)f(straigh)o(tforw)o(ard.)24 b(With)15 b(external)h(c)o -(hannels)h(the)g(program)d(m)o(ust)0 1389 y(simply)g(b)q(e)i(sure)h(alw)o(a)o -(ys)d(to)i(up)q(date)g(storage)g(pages)g(b)q(efore)g(ha)o(ving)f(them)g(sen)o -(t)h(out,)g(and)f(to)g(in)o(v)n(alidate)f(the)0 1438 y(cac)o(he)h(en)o(tries) -g(for)e(pages)h(b)q(eing)g(brough)o(t)g(in)f(so)h(pro)q(cessor)i(references)g -(will)d(go)g(to)g(storage)i(for)e(the)i(new)f(data.)0 1524 -y(The)f(same)e(pro)q(cedures)k(are)e(used)g(for)f(a)g(m)o(ultipro)q(cessor)g -(system,)g(but)h(here)h(a)e(problem)f(arises)i(when)g(di\013eren)o(t)0 -1574 y(pro)q(cessors)21 b(are)f(allo)o(w)o(ed)e(to)h(reference)i(the)f(same)e -(page)h(at)g(the)h(same)e(time,)h(if)f(either)i(is)f(allo)o(w)o(ed)f(also)g -(to)0 1624 y(mo)q(dify)11 b(the)j(page.)j(Without)c(mo)q(di\014cation)e(the)j -(cac)o(he)g(copies)g(in)f(b)q(oth)g(pro)q(cessors)i(will)d(remain)g(v)n -(alid;)f(but)j(if)0 1673 y(a)c(pro)q(cessor)i(mo)q(di\014es)e(the)h(page,)f -(the)h(other)g(cannot)g(exp)q(ect)h(to)e(get)g(up{to{date)h(data)f(from)e -(cac)o(hed)k(w)o(ords.)17 b(T)m(o)0 1723 y(handle)12 b(this)h(situation,)e -(the)i(pager)g(includes)g(mec)o(hanisms)d(for)i(b)o(ypassing)g(the)h(cac)o -(he.)19 b(Eac)o(h)13 b(page)f(mapping)1767 1708 y Fp(12)0 1773 -y FD(con)o(tains)h(a)g(cac)o(he)h(bit)e(for)h(determining)f(whether)i(cac)o -(he)g(use)g(is)f(allo)o(w)o(ed)f(for)g(the)i(giv)o(en)f(page.)k(This)c(cac)o -(he)h(bit)0 1823 y(applies)g(only)f(to)h(an)f(individual)f(page,)i(and)f(has) -i(no)e(e\013ect)j(at)e(all)e(unless)j(cac)o(he)g(use)g(is)e(enabled)i(b)o(y)e -(the)i(cac)o(he)0 1873 y(lo)q(ok)g(bit.)26 b(Analogous)15 b(to)h(the)h -(mapping)d(cac)o(he)k(bit)e(is)g(a)g(load)g(bit)g(that)g(applies)g(to)g(all)g -(unpaged)g(references)0 1923 y(\(suc)o(h)g(as)g(pager)g(references)i(to)e -(the)g(pro)q(cess)h(tables\).)24 b(The)16 b(lo)q(ok)e(and)i(load)e(bits)i -(are)g(among)d(the)j(conditions)0 1972 y(the)g(Monitor)e(pro)o(vides)h(to)g -(the)h(pager.)22 b(The)15 b(w)o(a)o(y)g(these)h(\\cac)o(he)g(strategy")g -(conditions)e(go)o(v)o(ern)h(cac)o(he)h(use)g(is)0 2022 y(as)e(follo)o(ws.) -233 2133 y Fy(L)n(o)n(ok)265 2200 y FD(0)81 b(The)14 b(cac)o(he)h(is)e -(disabled)h(|)f(go)h(to)g(storage)g(for)f(all)g(references.)265 -2250 y(1)81 b(Lo)q(ok)17 b(in)g(the)i(cac)o(he)g(for)e(all)g(references.)33 -b(This)17 b(means)g(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(use)i(the)367 2300 y(cac)o(he)12 -b(\(reading)g(or)g(writing\))f(for)h(an)o(y)f(lo)q(cations)g(that)h(already)f -(ha)o(v)o(e)h(v)n(alid)367 2350 y(represen)o(tations.)18 b(F)m(urthermore,)10 -b(when)f(there)i(is)e(no)g(v)n(alid)f(represen)o(tation)367 -2400 y(for)18 b(a)h(reference,)j(load)17 b(the)j(cac)o(he)g(\(reading)e(or)h -(writing\))f(if)g(either)i(the)367 2449 y(reference)13 b(is)e(unpaged)h(and)f -(the)g Fy(L)n(o)n(ad)16 b FD(bit)11 b(is)g(1,)g(or)g(the)h(reference)h(is)e -(paged)367 2499 y(and)i(the)i(cac)o(he)g(bit)e(in)h(the)g(mapping)e(for)h -(the)i(page)f(is)f(1.)p 0 2541 720 2 v 31 2568 a Fo(12)64 2579 -y Fn(F)m(or)d(information)e(on)i(page)g(mapping)e(refer)i(to)h -Fj(x)o Fn(4.1.3)f(or)h Fj(x)o Fn(4.1.4)f(dep)q(ending)e(on)j(whether)e(the)h -(system)g(uses)g(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)e(the)0 2619 y(TOPS{10)j(or)g(TOPS{20)h -(Monitor.)i(Instruction)o(s)9 b(for)i(handling)e(the)i(pager)f(are)h -(discussed)e(in)i Fj(x)p Fn(4.1.5.)p eop -%%Page: 357 17 -357 16 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(357)150 195 y FA(Initiali)o(zin)o(g)12 b(the)h(Cac)o(he.)18 -b FD(The)13 b(cac)o(he)h(use)f(logic)f(con)o(tains)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(tables)h -(eac)o(h)g(with)f(128)g(en)o(tries.)18 b(Eac)o(h)13 b(en)o(try)150 -245 y(in)f(the)i(use)g(table)f(iden)o(ti\014es)g(the)g(use)h(history)f(|)f -(from)g(most)f(to)i(least)g(recen)o(tly)h(used)g(|)e(of)h(the)g(group)g(en)o -(tries)150 295 y(in)i(the)i(corresp)q(onding)g(cac)o(he)f(line.)24 -b(With)15 b(eac)o(h)h(reference,)j(the)d(use)h(en)o(try)f(for)g(the)g(line)f -(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)i(up)q(dated.)150 345 y(But)c(instead)h(of)e(con)o(taining)g -(complex)f(computational)g(logic,)h(the)h(hardw)o(are)g(has)g(a)g(re\014ll)g -(table)g(that)g(supplies)150 394 y(new)f(use)g(en)o(tries)h(as)f(a)f -(function)g(of)g(the)h(previous)g(use)g(history)g(of)f(a)g(giv)o(en)g(line)g -(and)g(the)i(group)e(en)o(try)h(curren)o(tly)150 444 y(b)q(eing)k(accessed)i -(in)e(the)g(line.)24 b(F)m(ollo)o(wing)13 b(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)k(up)f(the)g -(program)f(m)o(ust)g(initialize)f(the)j(cac)o(he)f(use)h(logic)e(b)o(y)150 -494 y(giving)d(this)i(instruction)h(128)e(times)g(to)g(load)g(ev)o(ery)i -(3{bit)e(lo)q(cation)g(in)g(the)i(re\014ll)f(table.)p 150 743 -1495 4 v 150 668 V 148 741 4 75 v 1643 741 V 688 741 V 729 -741 V 896 741 V 162 773 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)698 718 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 635 y Fk(WRFIL)170 -b(W)n(rite)19 b(Re\014ll)i(T)-5 b(able)111 b FD(\(BLK)o(O)14 -b(APR,\))368 717 y(70010)150 868 y(Load)f(the)i(re\014ll)f(data)f(giv)o(en)g -(b)o(y)h(bits)g(18{20)f(of)g Fu(E)j FD(in)o(to)d(the)h(re\014ll)g(table)g(lo) -q(cation)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f(bits)g(27{33.)1909 853 -y Fp(13)p 150 1125 1495 2 v 149 1124 2 150 v 150 975 1495 2 -v 1644 1124 2 150 v 274 1136 2 13 v 398 1136 V 523 1136 V 647 -1136 V 772 1136 V 896 1145 2 21 v 1021 1136 2 13 v 1145 1136 -V 1270 1136 V 1394 1136 V 1519 1136 V 341 1154 a(20)p 398 1124 -2 150 v -200 w(18)p 149 1124 V 170 1043 a FD(Re\014ll)f(T)m(able)230 -1084 y(Data)1420 1154 y Fp(33)p 1478 1124 V -532 w(27)p 896 -1124 V 1083 1043 a FD(Re\014ll)g(T)m(able)1115 1084 y(Address)1607 -1154 y Fp(35)150 1313 y FD(After)h(\014lling)e(the)i(re\014ll)f(table)h(b)o -(y)f(stepping)h(through)f(lo)q(cations)g(0{177)g(\(v)n(alues)g(of)g -Fy(E)18 b FD(that)c(are)g(m)o(ultiples)d(of)i(4)150 1363 y(from)g(0)h(to)h -(774\),)f(the)h(program)e(should)h(giv)o(e)g(an)h Fx(SWPIA)e -FD(to)i(in)o(v)n(alidate)e(the)i(indeterminate)f(initial)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)150 -1413 y(of)f(the)h(cac)o(he.)18 b(During)12 b(the)h(sw)o(eep)h(the)f(normal)d -(monitoring)g(of)i(cac)o(he)h(access)h(b)o(y)e(the)h(use)h(logic)d -(initializes)g(the)150 1463 y(use)i(table)f(from)f(the)i(re\014ll)f(table.)17 -b(The)c(w)o(a)o(y)e(the)i(use)g(table)f(gets)h(set)h(up)e(dep)q(ends)i(on)e -(the)h(data)f(pattern)h(|)e(the)150 1512 y(\\re\014ll)g(algorithm")d(|)j -(loaded)g(in)o(to)g(the)g(re\014ll)h(table,)f(and)g(the)h(pattern)g(selected) -h(dep)q(ends)g(on)e(the)h(use)g(strategy)150 1562 y(desired)18 -b(for)e(the)i(cac)o(he.)27 b(T)m(o)16 b(limit)e(cac)o(he)k(use)g(to)e(a)h -(single)f(quadran)o(t,)h(simply)e(load)h(the)h(quadran)o(t)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er) -150 1612 y(\(0{3\))e(in)o(to)g(the)h(en)o(tire)g(re\014ll)f(table.)23 -b(The)16 b(usual)f(use)h(strategy)g(is)g(to)f(allo)o(w)f(equal)h(use)h(of)f -(all)f(quadran)o(ts)i(and)150 1662 y(to)e(start)h(with)f(a)g(presumed)h(use)g -(history)g(of)e(most)g(to)i(least)f(recen)o(tly)i(used)f(corresp)q(onding)g -(to)f(the)h(n)o(umerical)150 1712 y(order)g(of)e(the)h(quadran)o(ts.)19 -b(T)m(o)13 b(implem)o(en)o(t)f(this)i(strategy)1080 1697 y -Fp(14)1130 1712 y FD(load)e(the)j(follo)o(wing)c(data)j(pattern.)p -150 1746 720 2 v 181 1773 a Fo(13)214 1785 y Fn(The)c(re\014ll)f(lo)q -(cations)f(are)i(selected)f(b)o(y)g(bits)h(27-33)f(to)h(mak)o(e)f(use)h(of)g -(the)g(same)f(lines)h(that)f(supply)g(group)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(to)i -(address)150 1824 y(en)o(tries)g(in)h(the)g(use)g(table.)181 -1852 y Fo(14)214 1864 y Fn(F)m(or)h(information)d(on)k(re\014ll)e(algorithms) -f(for)i(other)g(use)g(strategies,)f(refer)g(to)i(the)f(writeup)f(of)i -(MAINDEC)h(10{DDQD)o(A{L{)150 1903 y(D\(SUBR)m(TN\).)p eop -%%Page: 358 18 -358 17 bop 0 50 a FD(358)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)699 188 y FD(0)49 b(1)h(2)f(3)h(4)g(5)f(6)h(7)p -562 214 677 2 v 673 264 2 50 v 587 272 a(000)p 673 287 V 49 -w(0)f(1)h(2)f(3)h(4)g(5)f(6)h(7)587 322 y(010)p 673 337 V 49 -w(3)f(1)h(2)f(3)h(2)g(1)f(2)h(3)587 372 y(020)p 673 386 V 49 -w(7)f(1)h(2)f(7)h(1)g(1)f(2)h(7)587 421 y(030)p 673 436 V 49 -w(6)f(5)h(6)f(7)h(5)g(5)f(6)h(7)587 471 y(040)p 673 486 V 49 -w(0)f(3)h(2)f(3)h(0)g(2)f(2)h(3)587 521 y(050)p 673 536 V 49 -w(0)f(1)h(2)f(3)h(4)g(5)f(6)h(7)587 571 y(060)p 673 586 V 49 -w(0)f(7)h(7)f(7)h(0)g(0)f(0)h(7)587 621 y(070)p 673 636 V 49 -w(4)f(6)h(6)f(6)h(4)g(4)f(6)h(4)587 670 y(100)p 673 685 V 49 -w(3)f(1)h(3)f(3)h(1)g(1)f(1)h(3)587 720 y(110)p 673 735 V 49 -w(0)f(7)h(7)f(7)h(0)g(0)f(0)h(7)587 770 y(120)p 673 785 V 49 -w(0)f(1)h(2)f(3)h(4)g(5)f(6)h(7)587 820 y(130)p 673 835 V 49 -w(4)f(5)h(5)f(7)h(4)g(5)f(4)h(7)587 870 y(140)p 673 885 V 49 -w(0)f(1)h(2)f(2)h(0)g(1)f(2)h(1)587 919 y(150)p 673 934 V 49 -w(0)f(5)h(6)f(6)h(0)g(5)f(6)h(0)587 969 y(160)p 673 984 V 49 -w(4)f(5)h(6)f(5)h(4)g(5)f(6)h(4)587 1019 y(170)p 673 1034 V -49 w(0)f(1)h(2)f(3)h(4)g(5)f(6)h(7)0 1131 y Fz(4.1.3)55 b(TOPS{10)19 -b(P)n(aging)h(and)f(Pro)r(cess)f(T)-5 b(ables)0 1243 y FD(General)12 -b(information)c(ab)q(out)k(the)g(mac)o(hine)f(mo)q(des)g(and)g(paging)g(pro)q -(cedures)j(is)d(giv)o(en)g(in)h FB(x)p FD(1.4.)k(Here)d(w)o(e)f(treat)0 -1293 y(in)k(detail)g(the)h(structure)i(of)d(the)h(pro)q(cess)i(tables)e(and)f -(certain)h(hardw)o(are)g(pro)q(cedures)i(|)d(paging)g(and)g(page)0 -1343 y(failures)d(|)h(a)f(kno)o(wledge)g(of)h(whic)o(h)f(is)h(necessary)i -(for)d(an)g(understanding)i(of)e(executiv)o(e)i(programmi)o(ng.)g(This)0 -1393 y(section)i(co)o(v)o(ers)g(these)g(topics)g(relativ)o(e)e(to)h(a)g(mac)o -(hine)f(that)h(uses)h(TOPS{10)f(paging,)f(i.)g(e.)h(a)g(Single{section)0 -1442 y(KL10)d(running)g(a)h(TOPS{10)f(Monitor)g(\(micro)q(co)q(de)g(v)o -(ersion)h(earlier)f(than)h(271\).)j(The)d(next)g(section)g(presen)o(ts)0 -1492 y(equiv)n(alen)o(t)h(information)e(for)i(the)h(TOPS{20)g(paging.)22 -b(Instructions)17 b(through)f(whic)o(h)f(the)i(Monitor)e(con)o(trols)0 -1542 y(the)j(pager)g(and)g(otherwise)g(exercises)i(o)o(v)o(erall)d(managemen) -o(t)e(of)i(the)h(program)e(en)o(vironmen)o(t)h(are)h(the)g(same)0 -1592 y(whether)d(the)g(system)e(uses)j(TOPS{10)d(or)h(TOPS{20,)f(and)h(are)g -(describ)q(ed)i(in)d FB(x)q FD(4.1.5.)0 1677 y(With)i(paging)f(turned)j(on,)e -(the)h(program)e(considers)j(all)d(of)h(its)h(dealings)f(with)g(memory)e(to)i -(b)q(e)h(in)f(its)h(virtual)0 1727 y(address)k(space,)g(and)e(in)o(terrupt)h -(functions)f(and)g(instructions)i(reference)g(executiv)o(e)g(virtual)d -(address)j(space)0 1777 y(except)14 b(in)d(sp)q(ecial)i(cases)g(where)h(a)e -(function)g(sp)q(eci\014cally)g(calls)g(for)g(ph)o(ysical)g(references.)20 -b(A)12 b(virtual)g(address)h(is)0 1827 y(an)o(y)g(address)h(giv)o(en)f(in)g -(virtual)f(space)j(except)f(those)g(for)f(fast)h(memory)m(,)c(whic)o(h)j(are) -g(treated)i(as)e(ph)o(ysical.)18 b(The)0 1877 y(pager)c(maps)f(only)g -(virtual)g(addresses,)i(but)f(it)g(is)g(in)o(v)o(olv)o(ed)e(in)i(all)e -(references)17 b(to)d(the)g(exten)o(t)h(that)f(it)f(resp)q(onds)0 -1927 y(to)g(error)h(situations.)j(Ph)o(ysical)c(references)i(include)e(those) -h(made)e(b)o(y)g(the)i(pager{micro)q(co)q(de)e(to)h(carry)h(out)e(the)0 -1976 y(mapping)i(pro)q(cedure,)19 b(and)d(also)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g -(references)j(to)e(retriev)o(e)g(in)o(terrupt)h(instructions,)f(handle)f -(traps)0 2026 y(and)e(UUOs,)g(and)g(service)h(the)f(meters)h(and)e(fron)o(t)h -(end.)0 2165 y Fz(P)n(aging)0 2251 y FD(All)j(of)h(memory)d(b)q(oth)j -(virtual)f(and)h(ph)o(ysical)g(is)g(divided)f(in)o(to)g(pages)i(of)e(512)g(w) -o(ords)i(eac)o(h.)31 b(In)18 b(TOPS{10,)0 2301 y(the)e(extended)h(addressing) -f(capabilities)f(of)g(the)h(KL{10)f(are)g(not)h(used.)23 b(Hence,)17 -b(the)f(virtual)f(memory)e(space)0 2351 y(addressable)20 b(b)o(y)f(a)g -(program)e(is)i(512)f(pages;)k(the)d(lo)q(cations)g(in)f(virtual)h(memory)d -(are)k(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)f(18{bit)0 2400 y(addresses,)e(where)e(the)h -(left)e(nine)h(bits)g(\(18{26\))e(sp)q(ecify)j(the)f(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -(and)g(the)i(righ)o(t)e(nine)h(\(27{35\))e(the)0 2450 y(lo)q(cation)i(within) -g(the)h(page.)23 b(Ph)o(ysical)15 b(memory)f(can)i(con)o(tain)f(8192)f(pages) -i(and)g(requires)h(22{bit)d(addresses,)0 2500 y(where)22 b(the)f(left)f -(thirteen)i(bits)f(\(14{26\))e(sp)q(ecify)i(the)g(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)37 -b(The)21 b(hardw)o(are)g(maps)f(the)h(virtual)0 2550 y(address)d(space)f(in)o -(to)f(a)g(part)h(of)f(the)h(ph)o(ysical)f(address)i(space)f(b)o(y)g -(transforming)d(the)k(18{bit)d(addresses)k(in)o(to)p eop -%%Page: 359 19 -359 18 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(359)150 195 y(22{bit)10 b(addresses.)453 180 y Fp(15)507 -195 y FD(In)h(this)g(mapping)e(the)j(righ)o(t)f(nine)g(bits)g(of)f(the)i -(virtual)e(address)i(are)g(not)f(altered;)h(in)e(other)150 -245 y(w)o(ords,)17 b(a)e(giv)o(en)h(lo)q(cation)f(in)h(a)g(virtual)f(page)i -(is)f(the)g(same)g(lo)q(cation)f(in)h(the)h(corresp)q(onding)g(ph)o(ysical)e -(page.)150 295 y(The)f(transformation)d(maps)h(a)h(virtual)f(page)h(in)o(to)f -(a)h(ph)o(ysical)g(page)g(b)o(y)g(substituting)g(a)g(13{bit)f(ph)o(ysical)h -(page)150 345 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(for)h(the)g(9{bit)f(virtual)g(page)h(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er.)j(The)e(mapping)c(pro)q(cedure)16 b(is)e(carried)h(out)e -(automatically)e(b)o(y)150 394 y(the)17 b(hardw)o(are,)g(but)g(the)h(page)e -(map)f(that)i(supplies)g(the)g(necessary)i(substitutions)e(is)g(set)g(up)g(b) -o(y)f(the)h(k)o(ernel)150 444 y(mo)q(de)11 b(program.)16 b(Eac)o(h)c(w)o(ord) -f(in)h(the)g(map)e(pro)o(vides)i(information)d(for)j(mapping)d(t)o(w)o(o)j -(consecutiv)o(e)h(pages)f(with)150 494 y(the)17 b(substitution)g(for)f(the)h -(ev)o(en)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)f(page)g(in)g(the)h(left)f(half,)g(the)h(o)q(dd) -f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)g(page)h(in)e(the)i(righ)o(t)150 544 y(half.)150 -629 y(The)12 b(pager)h(con)o(tains)f(t)o(w)o(o)f(13{bit)g(registers)i(that)f -(the)h(Monitor)f(loads)f(to)h(sp)q(ecify)g(the)h(ph)o(ysical)e(page)h(n)o(um) -o(b)q(ers)150 679 y(of)j(the)i(user)g(and)f(executiv)o(e)h(pro)q(cess)g -(tables)f(\(UPT)h(and)f(EPT\).)g(T)m(o)f(retriev)o(e)i(a)e(map)g(w)o(ord)g -(from)g(a)g(pro)q(cess)150 729 y(table,)k(the)h(pager)f(uses)h(the)f -(appropriate)g(base)g(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(as)h(the)g(left)f(thirteen)i -(bits)f(of)f(the)h(ph)o(ysical)150 779 y(address)13 b(and)f(some)f(function)h -(of)f(the)i(virtual)e(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(as)g(the)g(righ)o(t)g(nine)g -(bits.)17 b(F)m(or)12 b(example,)f(the)h(en)o(tire)150 829 -y(user)k(space)g(of)e(512)g(virtual)g(pages)h(at)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(mappings)f(p)q -(er)j(w)o(ord)e(requires)i(a)f(page)g(map)e(of)h(just)h(half)f(a)g(page,)150 -878 y(and)h(this)f(is)h(the)g(\014rst)h(half)d(page)i(in)f(the)i(user)g(pro)q -(cess)g(table.)k(Th)o(us)15 b(lo)q(cations)g(0{377)e(in)h(the)i(table)e(hold) -g(the)150 928 y(mappings)e(for)i(pages)g(0)g(and)g(1)f(to)h(776)f(and)h(777.) -k(T)m(o)13 b(\014nd)h(the)h(desired)g(substitution)f(from)e(the)j(9{bit)e -(virtual)150 978 y(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)e(the)i(hardw)o(are)g(uses)h(the)f -(left)f(eigh)o(t)h(bits)f(to)h(address)h(the)f(lo)q(cation)e(and)i(the)g -(righ)o(t)f(bit)g(to)h(select)150 1028 y(the)h(half)f(w)o(ord)h(\(0)g(for)f -(left,)h(1)f(for)h(righ)o(t\))150 1113 y(The)f(executiv)o(e)g(virtual)f -(address)h(space)g(is)f(also)g(256K,)f(but)i(the)g(page)f(map)f(for)g(it)h -(is)g(in)g(three)i(parts.)k(The)13 b(map)150 1163 y(for)j(the)g(\014rst)h -(112K)f(\(pages)g(0{337\))f(is)h(in)g(executiv)o(e)h(pro)q(cess)h(table)e(lo) -q(cations)g(600{757.)23 b(The)16 b(map)f(for)g(the)150 1213 -y(second)f(half)d(of)h(the)h(virtual)f(address)i(space)f(uses)h(the)f(same)f -(lo)q(cations)g(in)g(the)h(executiv)o(e)h(pro)q(cess)g(table)f(as)g(are)150 -1263 y(used)h(in)f(the)h(user)g(pro)q(cess)h(table)e(for)g(the)h(user)g(map)d -(\(lo)q(cations)i(200{377)f(for)g(pages)i(400{777\).)i(The)e(map)d(for)150 -1313 y(the)i(remaining)d(16K)i(in)g(the)g(\014rst)h(half)f(of)f(the)i -(executiv)o(e)g(virtual)f(address)h(space)h(is)e(in)f(the)i(user)g(pro)q -(cess)i(table,)150 1362 y(the)h(mappings)e(for)h(pages)h(340-377)e(b)q(eing)i -(in)f(lo)q(cations)g(400{417.)21 b(This)16 b(means)f(the)h(Monitor)f(can)h -(assign)f(a)150 1412 y(di\013eren)o(t)e(set)g(of)f(thirt)o(y{t)o(w)o(o)f(ph)o -(ysical)h(pages)g(\(the)h(p)q(er{pro)q(cess)i(area\))e(for)e(its)i(o)o(wn)e -(use)j(relativ)o(e)e(to)g(eac)o(h)g(user.)150 1462 y(Hence)19 -b(when)g(switc)o(hing)e(from)f(one)i(user)h(to)f(another,)h(the)f(Monitor)g -(need)g(c)o(hange)h(only)e(the)h(user)h(pro)q(cess)150 1512 -y(table,)d(this)f(single)h(substitution)g(making)d(whatev)o(er)j(c)o(hange)g -(is)g(necessary)i(in)d(the)h(executiv)o(e)h(address)g(space)150 -1562 y(for)d(a)f(particular)h(user.)150 1647 y(Tw)o(o)g(\014gures)h(are)g -(pro)o(vided)g(to)f(sho)o(w)g(the)h(organization)f(of)f(the)i(virtual)f -(address)i(spaces,)f(the)g(pro)q(cess)i(tables)150 1697 y(and)c(the)h(maps)e -(for)h(b)q(oth)g(user)h(and)g(executiv)o(e.)k(Figure)c(4.1)e(giv)o(es)h(the)h -(corresp)q(ondence)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)f(the)f(v)n(arious)150 -1747 y(parts)20 b(of)e(the)i(address)g(spaces)g(and)f(the)h(corresp)q(onding) -g(parts)f(of)g(the)g(page)g(maps.)32 b(Figure)19 b(4.2)f(lists)h(the)150 -1797 y(detailed)13 b(con\014guration)f(of)h(the)g(pro)q(cess)i(tables)e(as)g -(determined)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(hardw)o(are.)18 b(An)o(y)13 b(table)g(lo)q -(cations)f(not)150 1847 y(used)k(are)g(reserv)o(ed)i(for)d(future)h(use)g(b)o -(y)f(the)h(hardw)o(are)g(or)f(for)g(use)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(Monitor)f(for)g(soft) -o(w)o(are)g(functions.)150 1896 y(Note)i(that)h(the)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(in)f -(the)i(half)e(lo)q(cations)h(in)f(the)i(page)f(map)e(are)j(the)f(virtual)f -(pages)i(for)e(whic)o(h)h(the)150 1946 y(half)e(w)o(ords)i(giv)o(e)f(the)h -(ph)o(ysical)f(substitutions.)27 b(Hence)18 b(lo)q(cation)d(217)h(in)g(the)h -(user)h(page)e(map)f(con)o(tains)h(the)150 1996 y(ph)o(ysical)d(page)h(n)o -(um)o(b)q(ers)g(for)f(virtual)g(pages)i(436)e(and)g(437)150 -2082 y(Although)h(the)h(virtual)f(space)h(is)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(256K)g(b)o(y)g -(virtue)h(of)f(the)h(addressing)g(capabilit)o(y)e(of)h(the)h(instruction)150 -2131 y(format,)g(the)j(Monitor)e(usually)g(limits)e(the)k(actual)e(address)i -(space)g(for)e(a)h(giv)o(en)f(program)f(b)o(y)i(de\014ning)g(only)150 -2181 y(certain)12 b(pages)g(as)g(accessible.)630 2166 y Fp(16)684 -2181 y FD(The)g(Monitor)f(also)h(sp)q(eci\014es)h(whether)g(eac)o(h)f(page)g -(is)g(public)f(or)h(not,)f(writable)150 2231 y(or)j(not,)f(and)g(cac)o -(heable)h(or)g(not.)k(The)c(cac)o(he)g(bit)g(has)f(an)h(e\013ect)h(only)e(if) -f(cac)o(he)j(use)f(is)g(enabled)g(as)f(the)h(curren)o(t)150 -2281 y(cac)o(he)k(strategy)f(\()p FB(x)q FD(4.1.2\);)e(in)i(this)f(case)i(a)e -(1)h(in)f(the)h(cac)o(he)h(bit)e(allo)o(ws)f(loading)g(the)i(cac)o(he)h(for)e -(the)h(ph)o(ysical)p 150 2318 720 2 v 181 2345 a Fo(15)214 -2356 y Fn(F)m(or)7 b(paging)g(purp)q(oses)f(page)h(0)h(has)g(only)f(496)g(lo) -q(cations)f(using)h(addresses)f(20{777,)h(as)h(addresses)e(0{17)h(reference)f -(fast)i(memory)m(,)150 2396 y(whic)o(h)h(is)g(unrestricted)d(and)i(a)o(v)n -(ailable)e(to)j(all)g(programs.)j(\(In)c(general)f(a)i(user)g(cannot)e -(reference)g(the)h(\014rst)h(sixteen)e(storage)g(mo)q(dule)150 -2435 y(lo)q(cations)i(in)i(his)g(virtual)f(page)g(0.\))15 b(Throughout)9 -b(this)i(discussion)e(it)j(is)f(assumed)f(that)g(all)h(references)e(are)i(to) -g(storage.)181 2463 y Fo(16)214 2475 y Fn(There)i(is)h(no)f(requiremen)o(t)e -(that)h(the)i(accessible)d(space)i(b)q(e)g(con)o(tin)o(uous)e(|)k(it)e(can)g -(b)q(e)h(scattered)d(pages.)21 b(The)14 b(con)o(v)o(en)o(tion)150 -2514 y(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)g(is)h(for)f(the)g(accessible)f(space)h(to)h(b)q(e)f -(in)h(t)o(w)o(o)g(con)o(tin)o(uous)d(virtual)h(areas,)i(lo)o(w)g(and)f(high,) -h(b)q(eginning)d(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)g(at)150 2554 y(lo)q(cations)d(0)i(and)g -(400000.)i(The)f(lo)o(w)f(part)f(is)i(generally)d(unique)g(to)i(a)h(giv)o(en) -e(user)g(and)h(can)f(b)q(e)h(used)f(in)i(an)o(y)e(w)o(a)o(y)h(he)g(wishes.)k -(The)150 2593 y(\(p)q(erhaps)9 b(n)o(ull\))i(high)f(part)g(is)i(a)f(reen)o -(tran)o(t)e(area,)i(whic)o(h)g(is)g(shared)f(b)o(y)h(sev)o(eral)f(users)h -(and)f(is)i(therefore)d(write-protecte)o(d.)p eop -%%Page: 360 20 -360 19 bop 0 50 a FD(360)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)34 155 y Fz(Figure)k(4.1:)24 b(KL10)18 b(TOPS{10)h(Virtual)g -(Address)f(Space)h(and)g(Pro)r(cess)f(T)-5 b(ables)1431 2619 -y Fq(HRMF-T10V)m(AS.TEX)p -42 2629 291 2 v -42 2628 2 2159 -v -42 471 291 2 v 248 2628 2 2159 v -152 2625 a Fp(777777)57 -1563 y FD(256K)-69 488 y Fp(0)55 315 y FA(User)39 356 y FD(Virtual)31 -397 y(Address)52 438 y(Space)p 457 2152 291 2 v 456 2151 2 -1474 v 457 678 291 2 v 746 2151 2 1474 v 553 568 a FA(User)534 -608 y FD(Pro)q(cess)552 650 y(T)m(able)p 457 1384 291 2 v 561 -1063 a(User)511 1104 y(P)o(age)13 b(Map)515 1151 y(000)h({)f(777)770 -1102 y Fp(256)p 457 1467 V 486 1416 a Fn(Executiv)o(e)c(Map)528 -1456 y(340)i({)g(377)770 1426 y Fp(16)p 457 1550 V 483 1516 -a Fn(T)m(rap)h(&)g(MUUO)770 1517 y Fp(16)p 457 1675 V 770 1621 -a(32)706 1674 y Fl(\000)-84 b(\000)706 1632 y(\000)623 1674 -y(\000)664 1632 y(\000)706 1591 y(\000)581 1674 y(\000)623 -1632 y(\000)664 1591 y(\000)540 1674 y(\000)581 1632 y(\000)623 -1591 y(\000)498 1674 y(\000)540 1632 y(\000)581 1591 y(\000)457 -1674 y(\000)498 1632 y(\000)540 1591 y(\000)457 1632 y(\000)498 -1591 y(\000)h(\000)p 457 1716 V 530 1705 a Fn(P)o(age)11 b(F)m(ail)770 -1706 y Fp(4)p 457 1758 V 507 1750 a Fn(Meter)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)770 -1747 y Fp(4)770 1963 y(184)706 2151 y Fl(\000)-84 b(\000)706 -2110 y(\000)623 2151 y(\000)664 2110 y(\000)706 2068 y(\000)581 -2151 y(\000)623 2110 y(\000)664 2068 y(\000)706 2027 y(\000)540 -2151 y(\000)581 2110 y(\000)623 2068 y(\000)664 2027 y(\000)706 -1985 y(\000)498 2151 y(\000)540 2110 y(\000)581 2068 y(\000)623 -2027 y(\000)664 1985 y(\000)706 1944 y(\000)457 2151 y(\000)498 -2110 y(\000)540 2068 y(\000)581 2027 y(\000)623 1985 y(\000)664 -1944 y(\000)706 1902 y(\000)457 2110 y(\000)498 2068 y(\000)540 -2027 y(\000)581 1985 y(\000)623 1944 y(\000)664 1902 y(\000)706 -1861 y(\000)457 2068 y(\000)498 2027 y(\000)540 1985 y(\000)581 -1944 y(\000)623 1902 y(\000)664 1861 y(\000)706 1819 y(\000)457 -2027 y(\000)498 1985 y(\000)540 1944 y(\000)581 1902 y(\000)623 -1861 y(\000)664 1819 y(\000)685 1798 y(\000)457 1985 y(\000)498 -1944 y(\000)540 1902 y(\000)581 1861 y(\000)623 1819 y(\000)643 -1798 y(\000)457 1944 y(\000)498 1902 y(\000)540 1861 y(\000)581 -1819 y(\000)602 1798 y(\000)457 1902 y(\000)498 1861 y(\000)540 -1819 y(\000)560 1798 y(\000)457 1861 y(\000)498 1819 y(\000)519 -1798 y(\000)457 1819 y(\000)477 1798 y(\000)249 2628 y(\005)256 -2587 y(\005)263 2545 y(\005)270 2504 y(\005)277 2462 y(\005)284 -2421 y(\005)291 2379 y(\005)297 2338 y(\005)304 2296 y(\005)311 -2255 y(\005)318 2213 y(\005)325 2172 y(\005)332 2130 y(\005)339 -2089 y(\005)346 2047 y(\005)353 2006 y(\005)360 1964 y(\005)367 -1923 y(\005)374 1881 y(\005)381 1840 y(\005)387 1798 y(\005)394 -1757 y(\005)401 1715 y(\005)408 1674 y(\005)415 1632 y(\005)422 -1591 y(\005)429 1549 y(\005)436 1508 y(\005)443 1466 y(\005)450 -1425 y(\005)-7 b(\005)249 511 y(@)291 553 y(@)332 594 y(@)374 -636 y(@)415 677 y(@)747 1383 y(\010)789 1362 y(\010)830 1342 -y(\010)872 1321 y(\010)913 1300 y(\010)747 1466 y(\010)789 -1445 y(\010)830 1425 y(\010)872 1404 y(\010)913 1383 y(\010)419 -2317 y Fy(Se)n(ction)16 b(R)n(efer)n(enc)n(es)419 2367 y FD(T)m(rap)129 -b FB(x)q FD(2.9.6)419 2416 y(MUUO)84 b FB(x)q FD(2.16)419 2466 -y(In)o(terrupt)51 b FB(x)q FD(4.1.1)419 2516 y(Meters)94 b -FB(x)q FD(4.1.6)419 2566 y(DTE20)84 b FB(x)q FD(4.1.7)p 955 -2629 V 954 2628 2 2159 v 955 471 291 2 v 1244 2628 2 2159 v -844 2625 a Fp(777777)927 488 y(0)998 315 y FA(Executiv)o(e)1035 -356 y FD(Virtual)1028 397 y(Address)1048 438 y(Space)p 1453 -2152 291 2 v 1452 2151 2 1474 v 1453 678 291 2 v 1743 2151 -2 1474 v 1496 568 a FA(Executiv)o(e)1530 609 y FD(Pro)q(cess)1548 -650 y(T)m(able)1474 727 y Fn(Channel)11 b(Logout)1764 730 y(32)p -1453 761 291 2 v 1528 791 a(In)o(terrupt)1764 792 y(16)p 1453 -803 V 1468 836 a(Blo)q(c)o(k)f(Fill)h(W)m(ords)1764 833 y(4)p -1453 844 V 1764 916 a(44)1702 968 y Fl(\000)-84 b(\000)1702 -927 y(\000)1619 968 y(\000)1660 927 y(\000)1702 885 y(\000)1577 -968 y(\000)1619 927 y(\000)1660 885 y(\000)1536 968 y(\000)1577 -927 y(\000)1619 885 y(\000)1494 968 y(\000)1536 927 y(\000)1577 -885 y(\000)1453 968 y(\000)1494 927 y(\000)1536 885 y(\000)1453 -927 y(\000)1494 885 y(\000)h(\000)p 1453 969 V 1542 1003 a -Fn(DTE20)1484 1039 y(Con)o(trol)10 b(Blo)q(c)o(ks)1764 1020 -y(32)p 1453 1052 V 1501 1230 a FD(400)j(|)h(777)1764 1228 y -Fn(128)p 1453 1384 V 1245 1362 a Fl(\012)1273 1321 y(\012)1301 -1279 y(\012)1328 1238 y(\012)1356 1196 y(\012)1384 1155 y(\012)1411 -1113 y(\012)1425 1093 y(\012)1245 2628 y(\005)1252 2587 y(\005)1259 -2545 y(\005)1266 2504 y(\005)1273 2462 y(\005)1280 2421 y(\005)1287 -2379 y(\005)1294 2338 y(\005)1301 2296 y(\005)1308 2255 y(\005)1315 -2213 y(\005)1321 2172 y(\005)1328 2130 y(\005)1335 2089 y(\005)1342 -2047 y(\005)1349 2006 y(\005)1356 1964 y(\005)1363 1923 y(\005)1370 -1881 y(\005)1377 1840 y(\005)1384 1798 y(\005)1391 1757 y(\005)1398 -1715 y(\005)1404 1674 y(\005)1411 1632 y(\005)1418 1591 y(\005)1425 -1549 y(\005)1432 1508 y(\005)1439 1466 y(\005)1446 1425 y(\005)-7 -b(\005)p 1453 1446 V 311 w Fn(17)1702 1445 y Fl(\000)-84 b(\000)1681 -1425 y(\000)1619 1445 y(\000)1640 1425 y(\000)1577 1445 y(\000)1598 -1425 y(\000)1536 1445 y(\000)1557 1425 y(\000)1494 1445 y(\000)1515 -1425 y(\000)1453 1445 y(\000)1474 1425 y(\000)p 1453 1488 V -1561 1476 a Fn(T)m(rap)1764 1479 y(3)p 1453 1550 V 1764 1529 -a(52)1702 1549 y Fl(\000)g(\000)1681 1528 y(\000)1619 1549 -y(\000)1640 1528 y(\000)1577 1549 y(\000)1598 1528 y(\000)1536 -1549 y(\000)1557 1528 y(\000)1494 1549 y(\000)1515 1528 y(\000)1453 -1549 y(\000)1474 1528 y(\000)p 1453 1592 V 1503 1584 a Fn(Meter)11 -b(Blo)q(c)o(k)1764 1583 y(5)1764 1664 y(31)p 1453 1716 V 1702 -1715 a Fl(\000)-84 b(\000)1702 1674 y(\000)1619 1715 y(\000)1660 -1674 y(\000)1702 1632 y(\000)1577 1715 y(\000)1619 1674 y(\000)1660 -1632 y(\000)1536 1715 y(\000)1577 1674 y(\000)1619 1632 y(\000)1494 -1715 y(\000)1536 1674 y(\000)1577 1632 y(\000)1453 1715 y(\000)1494 -1674 y(\000)1536 1632 y(\000)1453 1674 y(\000)1494 1632 y(\000)h(\000)1501 -1926 y FD(000)13 b(|)h(337)1764 1923 y Fn(112)p 1453 2110 V -1764 2141 a(16)1702 2151 y Fl(\000)-84 b(\000)h(\000)f(\000)h(\000)f(\000)h -(\000)p 955 1280 V 955 1363 V 1245 511 a(E)1252 553 y(E)1259 -594 y(E)1266 636 y(E)1273 677 y(E)1280 719 y(E)1287 760 y(E)1294 -802 y(E)1301 843 y(E)1308 885 y(E)1315 927 y(E)1321 968 y(E)1328 -1010 y(E)1335 1051 y(E)1342 1093 y(E)1349 1134 y(E)1356 1176 -y(E)1363 1217 y(E)1370 1259 y(E)1377 1300 y(E)1384 1342 y(E)1391 -1383 y(E)1398 1425 y(E)1404 1466 y(E)1411 1508 y(E)1418 1549 -y(E)1425 1591 y(E)1432 1632 y(E)1439 1674 y(E)1446 1715 y(E)-7 -b(E)1245 1321 y(C)1256 1362 y(C)1266 1404 y(C)1276 1445 y(C)1287 -1487 y(C)1297 1528 y(C)1308 1570 y(C)1318 1611 y(C)1328 1653 -y(C)1339 1694 y(C)1349 1736 y(C)1359 1777 y(C)1370 1819 y(C)1380 -1861 y(C)1391 1902 y(C)1401 1944 y(C)1411 1985 y(C)1422 2027 -y(C)1432 2068 y(C)1443 2110 y(C)1053 889 y FD(112K)1063 1335 -y(16K)1053 2020 y(128K)1453 2410 y(Shaded)14 b(Areas)1453 2460 -y(Are)h(Reserv)o(ed)p eop -%%Page: 361 21 -361 20 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(361)334 191 y Fz(Figure)18 b(4.2:)24 b(TOPS{10)c(Pro)r(cess)e(T)-5 -b(able)18 b(Con\014guration)i(\(KL10\))150 2627 y Fq(HRMF-T10PTC.TEX)p -233 2513 831 2 v 232 2512 2 2159 v 1229 2513 831 2 v 1228 2512 -2 2159 v 233 354 831 2 v 1062 2512 2 2159 v 1229 354 831 2 -v 2059 2512 2 2159 v 413 312 a Fz(User)e(Pro)r(cess)g(T)-5 -b(able)464 b(Executiv)n(e)16 b(Pro)r(cess)i(T)-5 b(able)168 -2502 y Fn(777)943 b(777)204 385 y(0)978 b(0)p 647 416 2 63 -v 245 384 a(User)11 b(P)o(age)g(0)230 b(User)11 b(P)o(age)g(1)p -647 499 2 42 v 647 582 V 647 665 V 647 768 2 63 v 245 756 a(User)g(P)o(age)g -(776)194 b(User)11 b(P)o(age)g(777)168 758 y(377)p 233 769 -831 2 v 168 800 a(400)p 647 831 2 63 v 245 799 a(Executiv)o(e)e(P)o(age)i -(340)113 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(P)o(age)i(341)p 647 914 2 42 v -647 1017 2 63 v 233 1018 831 2 v 168 1007 a(417)245 1005 y(Executiv)o(e)e(P)o -(age)i(376)113 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(P)o(age)i(377)p 233 1060 -V 168 1049 a(420)245 1052 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 233 1101 V 168 1090 -a(421)23 b(User)11 b(Arithmetic)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(T)m(rap)g(Instruction)p -233 1143 V 168 1132 a(422)23 b(User)11 b(Pushdo)o(wn)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(T)m -(rap)g(Instruction)p 233 1184 V 168 1173 a(423)23 b(User)11 -b(T)m(rap)h(3)f(T)m(rap)g(Instruction)p 233 1226 V 168 1215 -a(424)245 1218 y(MUUO)i(Stored)d(Here)p 233 1267 V 168 1257 -a(425)245 1259 y(MUUO)j(Old)f(PC)g(W)m(ord)p 233 1309 V 168 -1298 a(426)245 1301 y(MUUO)h(Pro)q(cess)d(Con)o(text)h(W)m(ord)p -233 1350 V 168 1340 a(427)245 1342 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 233 1392 -V 168 1381 a(430)23 b(Kernel)10 b(No)i(T)m(rap)g(MUUO)h(New)f(PC)h(W)m(ord)p -233 1433 V 168 1423 a(431)245 1422 y(Kernel)d(T)m(rap)i(MUUO)h(New)g(PC)f(W)m -(ord)p 233 1475 V 168 1464 a(432)23 b(Sup)q(ervisor)9 b(No)i(T)m(rap)h(MUUO)h -(New)f(PC)h(W)m(ord)p 233 1516 V 168 1506 a(433)245 1505 y(Sup)q(ervisor)c(T) -m(rap)i(MUUO)i(New)g(PC)f(W)m(ord)p 233 1558 V 168 1547 a(434)23 -b(Concealed)9 b(No)j(T)m(rap)g(MUUO)h(New)f(PC)g(W)m(ord)p -233 1599 V 168 1589 a(435)245 1588 y(Concealed)d(T)m(rap)j(MUUO)h(New)f(PC)h -(W)m(ord)p 233 1641 V 168 1630 a(436)23 b(Public)10 b(No)i(T)m(rap)f(MUUO)j -(New)e(PC)g(W)m(ord)p 233 1682 V 168 1672 a(437)245 1671 y(Public)e(T)m(rap)h -(MUUO)j(New)e(PC)g(W)m(ord)168 1713 y(440)p 233 1849 V 168 -1838 a(477)245 1776 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 233 1890 V 168 1879 a(500)23 -b(P)o(age)11 b(F)m(ail)g(W)m(ord)p 233 1932 V 168 1921 a(501)245 -1920 y(P)o(age)g(F)m(ail)g(Old)g(PC)h(W)m(ord)p 233 1973 V -168 1962 a(502)23 b(P)o(age)11 b(F)m(ail)g(New)h(PC)g(W)m(ord)p -233 2015 V 168 2004 a(503)245 2007 y(Reserv)o(ed)168 2045 y(504)168 -2087 y(505)p 233 2098 V 245 2067 a(User)f(Pro)q(cess)g(Execution)e(Time)168 -2128 y(506)168 2170 y(507)p 233 2181 V 245 2147 a(User)i(Memory)f(Reference)g -(Coun)o(t)168 2211 y(510)245 2357 y(Reserv)o(ed)1241 426 y(Eigh)o(t)h -(Channel)f(Logout)g(Areas)1253 469 y(Eac)o(h:)k(0)d(Initial)f(Channel)g -(Command)1354 510 y(1)h(Gets)g(Channel)f(Status)g(W)m(ord)1354 -548 y(2)h(Gets)g(Last)g(Up)q(dated)f(Command)1354 593 y(3)h(Reserv)o(ed)p -1229 645 V 1182 634 a(37)p 1229 645 V 1182 675 a(40)p 1229 -728 V 1241 697 a(Reserv)o(ed)1182 717 y(41)1182 758 y(42)p -1229 894 V 1241 818 a(Standard)e(Priorit)o(y)h(In)o(terrupt)f(Instructions) -1182 883 y(57)1182 924 y(60)p 1229 977 V 1241 946 a(F)m(our)i(Channel)f(Blo)q -(c)o(k)h(Fill)g(W)m(ords)1182 966 y(63)1182 1007 y(64)p 1229 -1143 V 1241 1071 a(Reserv)o(ed)1165 1132 y(137)1165 1173 y(140)p -1229 1309 V 1241 1237 a(F)m(our)g(DTE20)g(Con)o(trol)g(Blo)q(c)o(ks)1165 -1298 y(177)1165 1340 y(200)p 1644 1370 2 63 v 1241 1339 a(Executiv)o(e)e(P)o -(age)i(400)113 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(P)o(age)i(401)p 1644 1453 -2 42 v 1644 1557 2 63 v 1241 1544 a(Executiv)o(e)e(P)o(age)i(776)113 -b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(P)o(age)i(777)p 1229 1558 831 2 v 1165 1547 -a(377)1165 1589 y(400)1165 1672 y(420)1241 1631 y(Reserv)o(ed)p -1229 1682 V 1165 1713 a(421)22 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(Arithmetic)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o -(w)h(T)m(rap)g(Instruction)p 1229 1724 V 1165 1755 a(422)1241 -1754 y(Executiv)o(e)e(Pushdo)o(wn)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)i(T)m(rap)f(Instruction) -p 1229 1766 V 1165 1796 a(423)22 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(T)m(rap)j(3)f(T)m(rap)g -(Instruction)p 1229 1807 V 1165 1838 a(424)1165 1879 y(507)1241 -1859 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 1229 1890 V 1165 1921 a(510)1165 1962 -y(511)1241 1942 y(Time)g(Base)p 1229 1973 V 1165 2004 a(512)1165 -2045 y(513)1241 2022 y(P)o(erformance)d(Analysis)j(Coun)o(t)p -1229 2056 V 1165 2087 a(514)1241 2086 y(In)o(terv)n(al)e(Coun)o(ter)i(In)o -(terrupt)e(Instruction)p 1229 2098 V 1165 2128 a(515)1165 2170 -y(577)1241 2150 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 1229 2181 V 1165 2211 a(600)22 -b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(P)o(age)i(0)149 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(P)o(age)i(1)p -1644 2242 2 63 v 1644 2325 2 42 v 1644 2429 2 63 v 1165 2419 -a(757)1241 2416 y(Executiv)o(e)e(P)o(age)i(336)113 b(Executiv)o(e)9 -b(P)o(age)i(337)p 1229 2430 831 2 v 1165 2460 a(760)1241 2482 -y(Reserv)o(ed)p eop -%%Page: 362 22 -362 21 bop 0 50 a FD(362)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(page)i(when)h(referenced)i(as)e(this)f(particular) -h(virtual)e(page,)i(whereas)h(a)e(0)g(limits)e(cac)o(he)j(use)h(to)e(lo)q(ok) -g(but)g(do)0 245 y(not)f(load.)21 b(Eac)o(h)15 b(w)o(ord)g(in)g(the)g(page)h -(map)d(has)i(this)g(format)f(to)h(supply)g(the)g(necessary)i(information)c -(for)h(t)o(w)o(o)0 295 y(virtual)f(pages.)p 0 593 1495 2 v --1 592 2 150 v 0 443 1495 2 v 1494 592 2 150 v 124 604 2 13 -v 248 604 V 373 604 V 497 604 V 622 604 V 746 613 2 21 v 871 -604 2 13 v 995 604 V 1120 604 V 1244 604 V 1369 604 V 12 622 -a Fp(0)p 41 592 2 150 v -17 w(0)p -1 592 V 1 531 a Fy(A)54 -622 y Fp(1)p 82 592 V -17 w(1)p 41 592 V 44 531 a Fy(P)96 622 -y Fp(2)p 124 592 V -17 w(2)p 82 592 V 79 531 a Fy(W)137 622 -y Fp(3)p 165 592 V -17 w(3)p 124 592 V 129 531 a Fy(S)179 622 -y Fp(4)p 207 592 V -17 w(4)p 165 592 V 168 531 a Fy(C)710 622 -y Fp(17)p 746 592 V -524 w(5)p 207 592 V 348 503 a Fy(Physic)n(al)i(Page)299 -552 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(Bits)f(14{26)751 622 y Fp(18)p 788 592 -V -34 w(18)p 746 592 V 748 531 a Fy(A)793 622 y Fp(19)p 829 -592 V -34 w(19)p 788 592 V 791 531 a Fy(P)834 622 y Fp(20)p -871 592 V -34 w(20)p 829 592 V 826 531 a Fy(W)876 622 y Fp(21)p -912 592 V -34 w(21)p 871 592 V 877 531 a Fy(S)917 622 y Fp(22)p -954 592 V -34 w(22)p 912 592 V 915 531 a Fy(C)1457 622 y Fp(35)p -1494 592 V -532 w(23)p 954 592 V 1095 503 a Fy(Physic)n(al)h(Page)1046 -552 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(Bits)f(14{26)122 419 y FD(Data)g(for)f(Ev)o(en)h -(Virtual)g(P)o(age)251 b(Data)13 b(for)g(Odd)i(Virtual)e(P)o(age)0 -781 y(Bits)f(5{17)e(and)h(23{35)f(con)o(tain)g(the)i(ph)o(ysical)f(page)g(n)o -(um)o(b)q(ers)g(for)g(the)g(ev)o(en)h(and)f(o)q(dd)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)g -(virtual)g(pages)0 831 y(corresp)q(onding)18 b(to)f(the)h(map)d(lo)q(cation)i -(that)g(holds)g(the)h(w)o(ord.)27 b(The)18 b(prop)q(erties)g(represen)o(ted)i -(b)o(y)d(1s)h(in)e(the)0 881 y(remaining)c(\\page)h(use")i(bits)f(are)g(as)g -(follo)o(ws.)25 964 y Fy(Bit)49 b(Me)n(aning)16 b(of)f(a)g(1)g(in)g(the)g -(Bit)25 1031 y(A)74 b FD(Access)17 b(allo)o(w)o(ed)25 1081 -y Fy(P)77 b FD(Public)25 1131 y Fy(W)64 b FD(W)m(ritable)13 -b(\(not)h(write{protected\))25 1181 y Fy(S)82 b FD(Soft)o(w)o(are)14 -b(\(not)g(in)o(terpreted)i(b)o(y)d(the)i(hardw)o(are\))25 1231 -y Fy(C)75 b FD(Cac)o(heable)0 1350 y FA(P)o(age)13 b(T)l(able.)k -FD(If)12 b(the)g(complete)g(mapping)e(pro)q(cedure)j(describ)q(ed)h(ab)q(o)o -(v)o(e)e(w)o(ere)h(actually)e(carried)i(out)f(in)f(ev)o(ery)0 -1400 y(instance,)18 b(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(w)o(ould)d(require)i(t)o(w)o(o)f -(memory)d(references)20 b(for)d(ev)o(ery)h(reference)h(b)o(y)e(the)h -(program.)0 1450 y(T)m(o)13 b(a)o(v)o(oid)f(this,)h(the)h(pager)f(con)o -(tains)h(a)f(page)g(table,)g(in)g(whic)o(h)g(it)g(k)o(eeps)i(a)e(large)g -(assortmen)o(t)g(of)g(mappings)e(for)0 1499 y(b)q(oth)k(the)g(executiv)o(e)h -(and)f(the)g(curren)o(t)h(user.)22 b(In)15 b(a)f(manner)g(analogous)f(to)i -(the)g(w)o(a)o(y)f(the)i(cac)o(he)f(is)g(organized)0 1549 y(to)j(handle)f(w)o -(ord)h(groups)g(of)f(four,)h(the)g(pager)g(handles)g(mappings)e(in)i(sets)h -(of)e(eigh)o(t.)29 b(A)18 b(page)g(set)h(is)e(eigh)o(t)0 1599 -y(consecutiv)o(ely)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)e(pages)h(b)q(eginning)f(with)g(one)h -(whose)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(is)h(a)f(m)o(ultiple)f(of)h(10)1555 -1605 y Fp(8)1573 1599 y FD(.)26 b(Eac)o(h)17 b(page)0 1649 -y(set)f(consists)g(of)f(those)g(pages)h(whose)g(mappings)d(are)i(con)o -(tained)h(in)e(a)h(single)g(w)o(ord)g(group)g(in)f(the)i(page)f(map.)0 -1699 y(The)e(512)g(lo)q(cations)f(in)h(the)g(page)g(table)g(are)h(con)o -(tained)f(in)f(sixt)o(y{four)g(lines,)h(eac)o(h)h(of)e(eigh)o(t)h(lo)q -(cations)f(holding)0 1748 y(the)i(mappings)d(for)i(the)h(eigh)o(t)f(pages)h -(of)e(a)h(set.)19 b(The)14 b(lines)f(are)h(iden)o(ti\014ed)f(b)o(y)g(the)h(p) -q(ossible)f(page{set)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)0 1798 y(in)i(an)g(address)h(space,)h -(0{77,)d(and)h(the)h(individual)d(lo)q(cations)i(are)g(accessed)j(b)o(y)d -(means)f(of)h(the)h(virtual)e(page)0 1848 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)e(0{777.)k(Eac) -o(h)e(lo)q(cation)e(has)h(a)f(parit)o(y)h(bit)g(and)f(the)i(complete)e -(mapping)f(\(i.e.)18 b(map)12 b(half)h(w)o(ord\))h(for)0 1898 -y(the)j(virtual)f(page)h(that)f(iden)o(ti\014es)i(it,)e(including)g(the)h(ph) -o(ysical)f(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(and)g(the)h(\014v)o(e)g(page)g(use)g -(bits.)0 1948 y(Asso)q(ciated)h(with)e(eac)o(h)h(line)f(are)h(a)f(bit)g(that) -h(indicates)g(whether)h(the)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(page)e(set)i(is)e(in)g(the)h -(user)h(or)0 1997 y(executiv)o(e)e(address)h(space,)f(and)f(a)g(bit)f(that)i -(indicates)f(whether)i(the)e(set)i(of)d(mappings)f(is)i(v)n(alid)f(or)h(not)g -(\(it)g(is)0 2047 y(not)e(suitable)f(to)h(clear)g(a)f(line)g(as)h(zero)g(is)g -(a)f(p)q(erfectly)i(v)n(alid)d(mapping,)f(alb)q(eit)i(for)h(an)f -(inaccessible)i(page\).)k(The)0 2097 y(user)d(and)f(v)n(alidit)o(y)d(bits)j -(for)g(all)f(lines)g(collectiv)o(ely)h(constitute)h(the)f(page)g(table)g -(directory)0 2183 y(When)19 b(the)g(program)d(references)22 -b(a)c(page)g(con)o(tained)h(in)e(a)i(page)f(set)h(whose)g(mapping)d(en)o(try) -j(is)g(tagged)f(as)0 2232 y(v)n(alid)13 b(and)h(in)g(the)g(program)f(address) -j(space,)e(the)h(13{bit)e(ph)o(ysical)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(from)e(the)j -(mapping)d(lo)q(cation)h(for)0 2282 y(the)k(virtual)f(page)g(is)g(used)i(as)e -(the)h(left)g(thirteen)g(bits)g(in)f(the)h(ph)o(ysical)f(address)h(for)f(the) -i(memory)13 b(reference)0 2332 y(\(pro)o(vided)i(of)f(course)i(that)e(the)i -(reference)h(is)d(allo)o(w)o(able)f(according)h(to)h(the)g -Fy(A)p FD(,)f Fy(P)t FD(,)h(and)f Fy(W)23 b FD(bits\).)d(If)15 -b(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)0 2382 y(the)c(mapping)e(set)i(is)g(in)o(v)n(alid)d(or)j -(is)f(not)h(for)f(the)h(correct)i(address)f(space,)f(the)h(pager)f(mak)o(es)e -(a)h(memory)e(reference)0 2432 y(\(referred)16 b(to)d(as)h(a)g(\\page)f -(re\014ll)h(cycle"\))g(to)g(get)g(the)g(w)o(ord)g(group)f(con)o(taining)g -(the)h(mapping)e(for)h(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)0 2482 y(virtual)h(page)i(from)d -(the)j(page)f(map.)24 b(Ev)o(en)16 b(when)h(there)h(is)e(no)g(cac)o(he,)h -(all)e(eigh)o(t)h(mappings)f(from)f(the)j(w)o(ord)0 2531 y(group)f(are)g(en)o -(tered)i(in)o(to)d(the)h(page)g(table,)g(\014lling)f(and)g(v)n(alidating)f -(the)i(line)g(for)f(the)i(page)f(set.)25 b(This)16 b(means)0 -2581 y(the)f(mappings)e(will)g(also)g(b)q(e)i(in)f(the)h(table)g(for)f -(subsequen)o(t)i(references)h(to)e(pages)f(in)g(the)h(same)f(set,)h(although) -p eop -%%Page: 363 23 -363 22 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(363)150 195 y(some)13 b(ma)o(y)f(require)j(a)e(trap)h(to)g(the)h -(Monitor)e(to)h(mak)o(e)e(them)h(accessible.)150 281 y(Note)f(that)f(all)f -(the)i(mappings)e(in)h(an)g(en)o(tire)h(line)f(of)g(the)h(page)f(table)g(are) -h(for)f(a)g(single)g(space,)h(user)h(or)e(executiv)o(e.)150 -330 y(Since)i(most)e(programs)g(are)i(written)g(b)q(eginning)e(at)i(page)f(0) -g(\(and)g(often)h(page)f(400)f(for)h(a)g(pure)h(part\),)g(a)f(mec)o(ha-)150 -380 y(nism)e(is)i(built)f(in)o(to)g(the)i(table)e(to)h(a)o(v)o(oid)e -(excessiv)o(e)k(re\014lls)e(due)g(to)g(switc)o(hing)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i -(user)g(and)f(executiv)o(e..)18 b(In)150 430 y(the)c(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g -(actually)e(used)j(to)e(select)i(lines)f(in)f(the)h(table,)f(the)i(v)n(alue)e -(of)g(address)i(bit)e(19)g(is)h(in)o(v)o(erted)g(in)f(user)150 -480 y(address)i(space.)k(F)m(or)13 b(a)g(giv)o(en)f(page)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)e -(this)h(causes)i(a)e(di\013erence)j(of)c(200)h(in)g(the)h(line)f(selection)h -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)150 530 y(for)h(user)h(space)h(as)e(against)g(executiv)o(e)h -(space.)23 b(Supp)q(ose)17 b(the)e(executiv)o(e)i(uses)f(pages)g(0{37)e(and)h -(400437,)f(and)150 580 y(also)g(uses)j(the)f(p)q(er{pro)q(cess)h(area,)e -(pages)h(340-377.)k(Then)15 b(if)g(the)g(user)i(is)e(limited)e(to)i(pages)g -(0{137,)f(240{577)150 629 y(and)g(640{777,)d(no)j(con\015ict)g(will)f(ev)o -(er)h(o)q(ccur)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(them)d(in)g(the)i(page)f(table.)150 -769 y Fz(P)n(age)19 b(F)-5 b(ailure)150 854 y FD(When)14 b(for)f(an)o(y)g -(reason)i(the)f(pager)g(is)f(unable)h(to)f(mak)o(e)f(a)i(desired)h(memory)c -(reference,)16 b(an)d(ev)o(en)o(t)h(kno)o(wn)g(as)f(a)150 904 -y(\\page)f(failure")f(o)q(ccurs.)18 b(F)m(or)12 b(this)g(the)g(pager)g -(terminates)g(the)h(instruction)f(imm)o(ediately)m(,)d(without)i(disturbing) -150 954 y(PC)i(or)g(storing)f(an)o(y)h(results)g(in)g(memory)d(or)j(the)g -(accum)o(ulators,)f(and)g(executes)j(a)e(page)f(fail)g(trap.)1737 -939 y Fp(17)1790 954 y FD(The)h(trap)150 1004 y(op)q(eration)e(mak)o(es)g -(use)h(of)f(three)h(lo)q(cations)f(in)g(the)h(user)h(pro)q(cess)g(table:)j -(it)11 b(places)h(a)f(page)h(fail)e(w)o(ord)h(in)g(lo)q(cation)150 -1053 y(500,)i(iden)o(ti\014es)h(the)h(failed)d(state)j(of)e(the)i(pro)q -(cessor)h(b)o(y)d(placing)g(the)i(curren)o(t)g(PC)f(w)o(ord)g(in)f(lo)q -(cation)g(501,)g(and)150 1103 y(sets)i(up)f(the)h(\015ags)f(and)g(PC)g -(according)g(to)g(a)g(new)h(PC)f(w)o(ord)g(in)f(lo)q(cation)h(502.)j(The)e -(pro)q(cessor)h(then)e(resumes)150 1153 y(op)q(eration)i(in)f(the)h(new)g -(state)h(at)e(the)h(lo)q(cation)f(no)o(w)g(addressed)j(b)o(y)d(PC.)h(The)g -(page)f(fail)f(w)o(ord)i(supplies)g(this)150 1203 y(information.)p -150 1534 1495 2 v 149 1533 2 225 v 150 1310 1495 2 v 1644 1533 -2 225 v 274 1546 2 13 v 398 1546 V 523 1546 V 647 1546 V 772 -1546 V 896 1554 2 21 v 1021 1546 2 13 v 1145 1546 V 1270 1546 -V 1394 1546 V 1519 1546 V 192 1459 291 2 v 162 1563 a Fp(0)p -191 1533 2 225 v -17 w(0)p 149 1533 V 151 1435 a Fy(U)370 1563 -y Fp(5)p 398 1417 2 108 v -183 w(1)p 191 1417 V 229 1353 a -Fy(F)m(ailur)n(e)249 1394 y(T)m(yp)n(e)370 1563 y Fp(5)p 398 -1459 2 42 v -183 w(1)p 191 1459 V -17 w(1)p 232 1459 V -17 -w(1)p 191 1459 V 202 1451 a FD(1)453 1563 y Fp(7)p 481 1459 -2 150 v -58 w(6)p 398 1459 V -225 w(1)p 232 1533 2 75 v -17 -w(1)p 191 1533 V 202 1509 a FD(0)246 1563 y Fp(2)p 274 1533 -V -17 w(2)p 232 1533 V 234 1510 a Fy(A)287 1563 y Fp(3)p 315 -1533 V -17 w(3)p 274 1533 V 270 1510 a Fy(W)329 1563 y Fp(4)p -357 1533 V -17 w(4)p 315 1533 V 321 1510 a Fy(S)370 1563 y -Fp(5)p 398 1533 V -17 w(5)p 357 1533 V 359 1510 a Fy(T)412 -1563 y Fp(6)p 440 1533 V -17 w(6)p 398 1533 V 402 1510 a Fy(P)453 -1563 y Fp(7)p 481 1533 V -17 w(7)p 440 1533 V 442 1510 a Fy(C)495 -1563 y Fp(8)p 523 1533 2 225 v -17 w(8)p 481 1533 V 483 1435 -a Fy(V)1607 1563 y Fp(35)p 1644 1533 V -740 w(18)p 896 1533 -V 1126 1436 a FD(Virtual)e(Address)150 1723 y(Whether)f(the)g(violation)e(o)q -(ccurred)j(in)e(user)h(or)g(executiv)o(e)g(address)h(space)f(is)f(indicated)h -(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)h(b)o(y)e(a)g(1)g(or)150 1772 y(0)g(in)f(bit)g(0;)h(and)g -(a)f(1)h(or)g(0)f(in)h(bit)f(8)h(indicates)g(whether)h(or)f(not)f(a)h -(virtual)f(address)i(w)o(as)f(giv)o(en)f(for)h(the)g(reference.)150 -1822 y(If)h(bit)f(1)h(is)g(1,)f(bits)i(6)e(and)h(7)g(are)g(indeterminate,)g -(and)f(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(in)h(bits)g(1{5)f(\()p FB(\025)g -FD(20\))h(indicates)g(the)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)150 1872 y(\\hard")f(failure)h -(as)g(follo)o(ws.)150 1975 y(21)101 b(Proprietary)16 b(violation)e(|)h(an)g -(instruction)h(in)f(a)g(public)h(page)f(has)h(attempted)f(to)h(reference)i(a) -d(con-)293 2025 y(cealed)j(page,)g(or)f(a)g(public)g(program)e(has)i -(attempted)g(to)g(fetc)o(h)h(an)f(instruction)h(from)d(a)i(concealed)293 -2075 y(page)12 b(at)f(an)g(illegal)f(en)o(try)i(p)q(oin)o(t)f(\(one)h(not)g -(con)o(taining)e(a)h Fx(PORT)m(AL)p FD(\).)f(The)i(failure)f(for)g(an)h -(illegal)d(en)o(try)293 2125 y(\(whic)o(h)j(forces)i(bit)e(8)f(to)i(0\))f(o)q -(ccurs)h(at)f(the)h(next)g(reference,)i(after)d(the)h(instruction)f(is)h -(deco)q(ded,)g(so)f(the)293 2175 y(fail)h(address)i(is)e(meaningless.)150 -2260 y(22)101 b(P)o(age)16 b(re\014ll)f(failure)g(|)g(this)h(is)f(a)h(hardw)o -(are)g(malfunction.)k(The)c(pager)g(found)f(no)h(mapping)d(for)i(the)293 -2310 y(virtual)g(page)g(in)g(the)h(page)g(table,)f(so)g(it)g(re\014lled)h -(the)g(line)f(from)f(the)i(page)f(map)f(but)h(still)g(could)g(not)293 -2360 y(\014nd)f(it.)150 2445 y(23)101 b(Address)16 b(failure)e(|)f(this)i(is) -f(caused)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(satisfaction)f(of)f(an)h(address)i(condition)d -(selected)j(b)o(y)e(the)p 150 2480 720 2 v 181 2507 a Fo(17)214 -2519 y Fn(A)g(page)f(failure)g(that)g(o)q(ccurs)g(during)f(an)i(in)o(terrupt) -e(instruction)f(do)q(es)i(not)g(act)h(this)f(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)24 -b(Instead)12 b(it)i(places)f(a)h(page)f(fail)150 2558 y(w)o(ord)d(in)g(A)o(C) -h(2,)g(blo)q(c)o(k)e(7,)h(and)f(sets)h(the)g(In{Out)f(P)o(age)g(F)m(ailure)g -(\015ag)h(\()p Fq(CONI)f(APR,)h Fn(bit)f(26\),)h(requesting)d(an)j(in)o -(terrupt)e(on)i(the)f(lev)o(el)150 2598 y(assigned)h(to)h(the)f(pro)q -(cessor.)p eop -%%Page: 364 24 -364 23 bop 0 50 a FD(364)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)143 195 y FD(program.)i(It)c(is)f(used)h(for)g(debugging)f -(purp)q(oses,)i(suc)o(h)f(as)g(to)f(\014nd)h(an)f(instruction)h(that)g(is)f -(maliciously)143 245 y(wiping)h(out)g(a)g(memory)e(lo)q(cation,)h(and)h(is)h -(explained)f(in)g FB(x)p FD(4.1.5)f(with)h(the)h(description)g(of)f(the)h -Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)143 295 y(APR,)g FD(instruction)h(that)g(sets)h(it)e -(up.)19 b(Bit)13 b(8)h(is)g(forced)g(to)g(0)g(b)o(y)f(this)h(failure.)0 -380 y(25)101 b(P)o(age)16 b(table)f(parit)o(y)g(error)h(|)f(the)h(pager)g -(has)g(encoun)o(tered)h(a)e(page)h(table)f(mapping)e(with)j(incorrect)143 -430 y(parit)o(y)m(.)0 516 y(36)101 b(AR)20 b(parit)o(y)f(error)i(|)e(the)h -(pro)q(cessor)i(has)e(detected)i(incorrect)f(parit)o(y)e(in)h(a)f(w)o(ord)h -(read)g(in)o(to)f(AR)143 565 y(\(arithmetic)11 b(register\))i(from)d(a)i -(storage)g(mo)q(dule,)e(the)i(cac)o(he,)h(or)f(the)g(E)g(bus,)g(and)g(has)g -(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(the)g(w)o(ord)143 615 y(\(with)h(correct)h(parit)o(y\))e(in)g -(A)o(C)g(0,)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(7.)18 b(When)12 b(the)h(source)h(is)f(a)f -(storage)h(mo)q(dule,)d(the)k(MB)e(P)o(arit)o(y)143 665 y(Error)j(\015ag)e -(is)h(also)f(set)i(\()p Fx(CONI)e(APR,)f FD(bit)i(27\).)0 751 -y(37)101 b(ARX)16 b(parit)o(y)f(error)h(|)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)g(has)f -(detected)i(incorrect)f(parit)o(y)e(in)g(a)h(w)o(ord)f(read)h(in)o(to)f(ARX) -143 800 y(\(arithmetic)e(register)i(extension\))f(from)e(a)h(storage)h(mo)q -(dule)f(or)g(the)i(cac)o(he,)f(and)f(has)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(the)g(w)o(ord)143 -850 y(\(with)f(correct)h(parit)o(y\))e(in)g(A)o(C)g(1,)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(7.)18 -b(When)12 b(the)h(source)h(is)f(a)f(storage)h(mo)q(dule,)d(the)k(MB)e(P)o -(arit)o(y)143 900 y(Error)j(\015ag)e(is)h(also)f(set)i(\()p -Fx(CONI)e(APR,)f FD(bit)i(27\).)0 1004 y(If)e(the)h(failure)e(is)h(not)g(one) -g(of)g(these,)h(then)g(bits)f(1{7)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(the)g(format)f(sho)o(wn)h -(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)g(where)h Fy(A)p FD(,)e Fy(W)e FD(,)i Fy(S)5 -b FD(,)12 b Fy(P)t FD(,)g(and)0 1053 y Fy(C)21 b FD(are)16 -b(simply)d(the)j(corresp)q(onding)g(bits)f(tak)o(en)h(from)d(the)j(mapping)d -(for)i(the)h(page)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(bits)h(18{26,)0 -1103 y(and)d Fy(T)19 b FD(indicates)13 b(the)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)e(reference)k -(in)d(whic)o(h)g(the)h(failure)e(o)q(ccurred)k(|)c(0)h(for)g(a)g(read{only)g -(reference,)i(1)0 1153 y(for)e(an)o(y)h(reference)i(in)o(v)o(olving)11 -b(writing.)17 b(The)e(t)o(yp)q(e)f(of)f(reference)j(p)q(er)f(se)f(implies)e -(nothing)h(ab)q(out)g(the)i(cause)g(of)0 1203 y(failure)f(|)g(it)h(indicates) -g(only)f(the)h(reason)g(the)h(failed)d(reference)18 b(w)o(as)c(b)q(eing)h -(made.)20 b(Of)14 b(course)i Fy(T)k FD(b)q(eing)15 b(1)f(in)0 -1253 y(conjunction)g(with)f Fy(W)22 b FD(b)q(eing)14 b(0)g(certainly)g -(implies)e(the)i(cause)h(of)e(failure.)0 1338 y(F)m(or)h(a)g(page)g(fail)f -(trap,)h(the)h(new)f(PC)h(w)o(ord)f(is)g(set)h(up)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(Monitor)e -(to)h(transfer)i(con)o(trol)e(to)g(k)o(ernel)g(mo)q(de.)0 1388 -y(After)h(rectifying)f(the)g(situation,)f(the)i(Monitor)f(returns)i(to)e(the) -g(in)o(terrupted)i(instruction,)e(whic)o(h)g(starts)h(o)o(v)o(er)0 -1438 y(again)d(from)f(the)i(b)q(eginning)g(or)g(from)e(the)i(stopping)g(p)q -(osition)f(in)h(a)g(m)o(ultipart)d(instruction.)18 b(Ev)o(en)c(a)e(t)o(w)o -(o{part)0 1488 y(instruction)k(that)g(has)g(b)q(een)g(stopp)q(ed)h(b)o(y)f(a) -f(failure)g(in)g(the)h(second)h(part)f(is)g(redone)g(prop)q(erly)m(,)g(pro)o -(vided)f(the)0 1537 y(Monitor)h(restores)j(First)f(P)o(art)f(Done.)27 -b(The)18 b(mec)o(hanism)c(for)j(making)d(a)j(correct)i(return)f(and)f(the)g -(e\013ects)i(it)0 1587 y(pro)q(duces)11 b(on)e(a)g Fx(BL)m(T)h -FD(are)f(the)h(same)f(as)g(for)g(an)h(in)o(terrupt,)g(and)f(are)h(describ)q -(ed)i(under)e(the)g(sp)q(ecial)f(considerations)0 1637 y(giv)o(en)k(at)h(the) -h(end)f(of)f FB(x)q FD(4.1.1.)0 1723 y(Note)e(that)f(a)g(soft)g(failure)405 -1708 y Fp(18)450 1723 y FD(seldom)f(implies)f(that)i(an)o(ything)g(is)g -(\\wrong")f(|)h(unless)h(a)f(program)f(has)h(attempted)0 1772 -y(to)h(write)h(in)e(a)h(truly)h(write{protected)h(area.)k(Consider)12 -b(a)f(t)o(ypical)f(case)i(where)h(the)f(Monitor)e(has,)i(for)f(example,)0 -1822 y(ten)f(or)g(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y)g(pages)g(of)f(a)g(user)i(program)d(in)h -(core;)j(these)f(w)o(ould)e(b)q(e)h(the)h(virtual)d(pages)j(indicated)e(as)h -(accessible.)0 1872 y(When)16 b(the)g(user)h(attempts)e(to)g(gain)g(access)i -(to)f(a)f(page)g(that)h(is)f(not)h(there)h(\(a)e(virtual)g(page)g(indicated)h -(in)f(its)0 1922 y(mapping)d(as)j(inaccessible\),)g(the)g(Monitor)e(w)o(ould) -h(resp)q(ond)h(to)f(the)h(page)g(failure)e(b)o(y)h(bringing)g(in)g(the)g -(needed)0 1972 y(page)e(from)f(the)i(disk,)f(either)h(adding)e(to)i(the)f -(user)i(space)f(or)f(sw)o(apping)g(out)g(a)g(page)h(the)g(user)g(no)f(longer) -g(needs.)0 2057 y(The)19 b(same)e(situation)h(exists)h(for)e(writabilit)o(y)m -(.)29 b(When)19 b(bringing)e(in)h(a)g(user)h(program,)e(the)i(Monitor)f(w)o -(ould)0 2107 y(ordinarily)c(indicate)i(as)f(writable)g(only)g(the)h(bu\013er) -h(area)e(and)h(other)g(pages)f(that)h(will)e(de\014nitely)i(b)q(e)g(altered,) -0 2157 y(distinguishing)g(those)j(that)e(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(revised)h(on)e -(the)h(disk)f(at)h(the)g(end)g(from)e(those)i(that)g(can)g(b)q(e)g(thro)o(wn) -0 2207 y(a)o(w)o(a)o(y)c(b)o(y)h(setting)g(the)g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(bit.)21 -b(Then)16 b(in)e(resp)q(onse)j(to)e(a)f(write)i(failure,)e(the)h(Monitor)g -(mak)o(es)e(the)j(page)0 2256 y(writable)f(and)h(sets)h(the)g(soft)o(w)o(are) -e(bit)h(to)g(indicate)f(to)h(itself)f(that)h(that)g(page)g(has)g(in)f(fact)h -(b)q(een)h(altered)f(and)0 2306 y(m)o(ust)d(b)q(e)h(sa)o(v)o(ed.)k(When)c -(the)g(user)h(is)f(done,)f(the)i(Monitor)e(need)h(write)h(bac)o(k)e(on)o(to)g -(the)i(disk)e(only)g(those)i(pages)0 2356 y(for)f(whic)o(h)f(b)q(oth)h -Fy(W)22 b FD(and)14 b Fy(S)19 b FD(are)14 b(set.)p 0 2383 720 -2 v 31 2410 a Fo(18)64 2421 y Fn(In)9 b(a)i(soft)e(page)g(failure)g(or)h -(page)f(table)g(parit)o(y)g(error,)g(the)g(line)h(con)o(taining)d(the)j -(mapping)d(for)j(the)g(page)f(is)h(in)o(v)n(alidated)d(on)j(the)0 -2461 y(assumption)f(the)h(Monitor)h(will)g(c)o(hange)f(it.)15 -b(When)c(the)g(instruction)e(is)i(restarted,)e(the)i(pager)f(m)o(ust)h(go)g -(to)g(the)g(page)f(map)h(to)g(get)0 2500 y(new)h(informatio)o(n)d(for)i(the)f -(table.)p eop -%%Page: 365 25 -365 24 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(365)150 195 y Fz(The)18 b(Map)i(Instruction)150 281 y -FD(It)c(is)g(often)g(helpful)g(for)g(the)g(Monitor)g(or)g(a)g(debugging)g -(pac)o(k)n(age)f(to)h(b)q(e)h(able)f(to)g(determine)g(ho)o(w)g(the)h(pager) -150 330 y(w)o(ould)j(resp)q(ond)h(to)g(a)f(particular)h(reference)i(without)d -(actually)g(c)o(hancing)g(a)g(page)h(failure.)37 b(It)21 b(ma)o(y)e(also)150 -380 y(b)q(e)h(useful)g(to)f(determine)g(where)i(a)e(particular)g(virtual)g -(page)g(is)g(in)g(ph)o(ysical)g(memory)m(,)f(e.g.)34 b(to)19 -b(set)i(up)e(a)150 430 y(c)o(hannel)c(command)c(list.)20 b(F)m(or)14 -b(suc)o(h)h(purp)q(oses)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)g(has)f(this)f(instruction,)h -(whic)o(h)f(unlik)o(e)g(all)f(other)150 480 y(instructions)f(describ)q(ed)h -(in)e(this)h(c)o(hapter,)g(is)g(not)f(an)g(I/O)h(instruction)g(ev)o(en)g -(though)f(it)g(is)g(sub)r(ject)i(to)f(the)g(same)150 530 y(restrictions.)p -150 771 1495 4 v 150 696 V 148 769 4 75 v 1643 769 V 688 769 -V 729 769 V 896 769 V 162 800 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 746 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 800 -y Fn(8)p 522 769 V 24 w(9)591 746 y Fy(A)150 662 y Fk(MAP)211 -b(Map)18 b(an)h(Address)306 745 y FD(257)150 896 y(If)e(the)h(pager)f(is)g -(on)g(and)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(is)e(in)g(k)o(ernel)h(or)f(user)h(I/O)f(mo)q -(de,)g(map)e(the)j(page)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(the)150 946 -y(virtual)c(e\013ectiv)o(e)j(address)g Fy(E)j FD(and)c(place)f(the)h -(resulting)f(ph)o(ysical)g(address)i(and)e(other)h(map)e(data)h(in)g(A)o(C.)g -(The)150 996 y(information)e(loaded)i(in)o(to)h(A)o(C)f(for)h(a)g(true)g -(mapping)e(is)i(of)f(the)h(form)p 150 1169 1495 2 v 149 1168 -2 75 v 150 1094 1495 2 v 1644 1168 2 75 v 274 1181 2 13 v 398 -1181 V 523 1181 V 647 1181 V 772 1181 V 896 1189 2 21 v 1021 -1181 2 13 v 1145 1181 V 1270 1181 V 1394 1181 V 1519 1181 V -162 1198 a Fp(0)p 191 1168 2 75 v -17 w(0)p 149 1168 V 151 -1145 a Fy(U)204 1198 y Fp(1)p 232 1168 V -17 w(1)p 191 1168 -V 202 1144 a FD(0)246 1198 y Fp(2)p 274 1168 V -17 w(2)p 232 -1168 V 234 1145 a Fy(A)287 1198 y Fp(3)p 315 1168 V -17 w(3)p -274 1168 V 270 1145 a Fy(W)329 1198 y Fp(4)p 357 1168 V -17 -w(4)p 315 1168 V 321 1145 a Fy(S)370 1198 y Fp(5)p 398 1168 -V -17 w(5)p 357 1168 V 368 1144 a FD(0)412 1198 y Fp(6)p 440 -1168 V -17 w(6)p 398 1168 V 402 1145 a Fy(P)453 1198 y Fp(7)p -481 1168 V -17 w(7)p 440 1168 V 442 1145 a Fy(C)495 1198 y -Fp(8)p 523 1168 V -17 w(8)p 481 1168 V 492 1144 a FD(1)694 -1198 y Fp(13)p 730 1168 V -192 w(9)p 523 1168 V 607 1144 a -FD(00)1607 1198 y Fp(35)p 1644 1168 V -906 w(14)p 730 1168 -V 1033 1141 a FD(Ph)o(ysical)g(Address)150 1357 y(where)i(bits)f(14{26)f(are) -i(the)f(ph)o(ysical)g(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(the)i(pager)f(supplies)h(for)f -Fy(E)5 b FD(,)14 b(bit)h(0)g(is)g(1)g(or)g(0)f(dep)q(ending)150 -1407 y(on)h(whether)h(the)f(paging)f(is)g(done)h(in)g(user)h(or)e(executiv)o -(e)i(address)g(space,)g(and)e Fy(A)p FD(,)h Fy(W)8 b FD(,)14 -b Fy(S)5 b FD(,)14 b Fy(P)t FD(,)h(and)g Fy(C)20 b FD(are)15 -b(the)150 1457 y(page)g(use)i(bits)e(from)f(the)i(mapping)d(as)i(explained)g -(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)22 b(If)15 b(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)h(there)h(is)e(a)g(parit)o(y)g -(error)h(in)f(the)h(page)150 1507 y(table)d(en)o(try)m(,)h(or)f(the)h(paging) -f(is)g(done)h(in)f(user)i(mo)q(de)d(public)h(but)h(the)g(page,)f(while)g -(accessible,)i(is)e(priv)n(ate,)g(A)o(C)150 1557 y(receiv)o(es)p -150 1805 1495 2 v 149 1804 2 150 v 150 1656 1495 2 v 1644 1804 -2 150 v 274 1817 2 13 v 398 1817 V 523 1817 V 647 1817 V 772 -1817 V 896 1825 2 21 v 1021 1817 2 13 v 1145 1817 V 1270 1817 -V 1394 1817 V 1519 1817 V 162 1834 a Fp(0)p 191 1804 2 150 -v -17 w(0)p 149 1804 V 151 1744 a Fy(U)370 1834 y Fp(5)p 398 -1804 V -183 w(1)p 191 1804 V 229 1719 a Fy(F)m(ailur)n(e)249 -1760 y(T)m(yp)n(e)204 1834 y Fp(1)p 232 1804 2 42 v -17 w(1)p -191 1804 V 202 1797 a FD(1)412 1834 y Fp(6)p 440 1804 2 150 -v -17 w(6)p 398 1804 V 402 1744 a Fy(P)453 1834 y Fp(7)p 481 -1804 V -17 w(7)p 440 1804 V 442 1744 a Fy(C)495 1834 y Fp(8)p -523 1804 V -17 w(8)p 481 1804 V 492 1743 a FD(1)694 1834 y -Fp(13)p 730 1804 V -192 w(9)p 523 1804 V 607 1743 a FD(00)1607 -1834 y Fp(35)p 1644 1804 V -906 w(14)p 730 1804 V 1033 1740 -a FD(Ph)o(ysical)h(Address)150 1993 y(The)f(failure)e(co)q(de)i(can)g(b)q(e)f -(only)g(21)g(or)g(25)f(for)h(a)g(proprietary)h(or)f(parit)o(y)g(error,)h -(where)g(in)f(the)h(latter)f(case)h(those)150 2043 y(bits)h(supplied)g(b)o(y) -g(the)g(mapping,)d(6,)i(7)h(and)g(14{35,)e(are)i(meaningless.)150 -2129 y(This)c(instruction)h(cannot)g(b)q(e)g(p)q(erformed)f(in)g(a)h(user)g -(program)e(unless)i(User)h(In{Out)f(is)f(set,)i(nor)f(in)f(a)g(sup)q(ervisor) -150 2179 y(program.)16 b(Instead)f(of)e(mapping)e(the)j(address,)h(it)e -(executes)j(as)e(an)f(MUUO.)h(If)f(the)h(pager)g(is)f(o\013,)h(the)g(result)g -(is)150 2228 y(unde\014ned.)150 2314 y Fy(Notes.)33 b FD(The)19 -b(instruction)g(itself)g(cannot)g(fail)e(b)q(ecause)j(it)f(do)q(es)g(not)g -(actually)f(reference)j(memory:)k(it)19 b(just)150 2364 y(translates)13 -b(the)g(address)h(and)e(gets)h(other)g(mapping)d(data.)17 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er) -c(the)g(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(address)h(calculation)d(could)150 -2414 y(fail,)h(and)i(getting)f(the)i(mapping)c(ma)o(y)h(require)j(a)f -(re\014ll,)f(in)g(whic)o(h)h(a)g(hard)g(failure)f(could)g(o)q(ccur.)p -eop -%%Page: 366 26 -366 25 bop 0 50 a FD(366)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y Fz(4.1.4)55 b(TOPS{20)19 b(P)n(aging)h(and)f(Pro)r -(cess)f(T)-5 b(ables)0 307 y FD(General)18 b(information)e(ab)q(out)i(the)h -(mac)o(hine)e(mo)q(des)g(and)h(paging)f(pro)q(cedures)k(is)d(giv)o(en)g(in)g -FB(x)p FD(1.4.)30 b(Here)20 b(w)o(e)0 357 y(treat)d(in)f(detail)g(the)g -(structure)j(of)c(the)i(pro)q(cess)h(tables)f(and)f(certain)h(hardw)o(are)g -(pro)q(cedures)h(|)e(paging)f(and)0 407 y(page)f(failures)f(|)h(a)f(kno)o -(wledge)h(of)f(whic)o(h)h(is)g(necessary)i(for)e(an)f(understanding)i(of)e -(executiv)o(e)i(programming)o(.)0 457 y(This)g(section)g(co)o(v)o(ers)h -(these)g(topics)f(relativ)o(e)f(to)h(a)f(mac)o(hine)g(that)h(uses)h(TOPS{20)e -(paging,)1490 442 y Fp(19)1539 457 y FD(i.)f(e.)i(an)o(y)f(KL10)0 -507 y(running)i(the)h(TOPS{20)e(Monitor,)h(or)g(an)g(Extended)h(KL10)f -(running)g(the)h(TOPS{10)f(Monitor)f(\(micro)q(co)q(de)0 557 -y(v)o(ersion)k(271)g(or)g(greater\).)36 b(The)19 b(previous)h(section)g -(presen)o(ts)h(equiv)n(alen)o(t)e(information)d(for)j(the)h(TOPS{10)0 -606 y(Monitor.)d(Instructions)d(through)g(whic)o(h)f(the)g(Monitor)g(con)o -(trols)g(the)h(pager)f(and)g(otherwise)h(exercises)h(o)o(v)o(erall)0 -656 y(managemen)o(t)8 b(of)i(the)i(program)d(en)o(vironmen)o(t)h(are)h(the)g -(same)f(whether)i(the)g(system)e(uses)i(TOPS{20)f(or)g(TOPS{)0 -706 y(10,)i(and)h(are)g(describ)q(ed)i(in)d FB(x)p FD(4.1.5.)0 -792 y(With)i(paging)f(turned)j(on,)e(the)h(program)e(considers)j(all)d(of)h -(its)h(dealings)f(with)g(memory)e(to)i(b)q(e)h(in)f(its)h(virtual)0 -841 y(address)k(space,)g(and)e(in)o(terrupt)h(functions)f(and)g(instructions) -i(reference)g(executiv)o(e)g(virtual)d(address)j(space)0 891 -y(except)14 b(in)d(sp)q(ecial)i(cases)g(where)h(a)e(function)g(sp)q -(eci\014cally)g(calls)g(for)g(ph)o(ysical)g(references.)20 -b(A)12 b(virtual)g(address)h(is)0 941 y(an)o(y)g(address)h(giv)o(en)f(in)g -(virtual)f(space)j(except)f(those)g(for)f(fast)h(memory)m(,)c(whic)o(h)j(are) -g(treated)i(as)e(ph)o(ysical.)18 b(The)0 991 y(pager)c(maps)f(only)g(virtual) -g(addresses,)i(but)f(it)g(is)g(in)o(v)o(olv)o(ed)e(in)i(all)e(references)17 -b(to)d(the)g(exten)o(t)h(that)f(it)f(resp)q(onds)0 1041 y(to)g(error)h -(situations.)j(Ph)o(ysical)c(references)i(include)e(those)h(made)e(b)o(y)g -(the)i(pager{micro)q(co)q(de)e(to)h(carry)h(out)e(the)0 1090 -y(mapping)i(pro)q(cedure,)19 b(and)d(also)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(references)j -(to)e(retriev)o(e)g(in)o(terrupt)h(instructions,)f(handle)f(traps)0 -1140 y(and)e(UUOs,)g(and)g(service)h(the)f(meters)h(and)e(fron)o(t)h(end.)819 -1258 y Fz(NOTE)104 1349 y FD(Hardw)o(are)f(paging)g(op)q(erations)g(are)h -(inextricably)f(in)o(tert)o(wined)g(with)g(the)h(activities)f(of)g(the)h -(Mon-)104 1399 y(itor.)j(The)e(reader)g(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)h(familiar)d(with)i -(b)q(oth)h(to)g(b)q(e)g(able)g(to)g(understand)h(either)g(fully)m(.)0 -1613 y Fz(P)n(aging)0 1698 y FD(All)e(of)h(memory)d(b)q(oth)j(ph)o(ysical)g -(and)g(virtual)f(is)h(divided)f(in)o(to)h(pages)g(of)f(512)h(w)o(ords)g(eac)o -(h.)19 b(Ph)o(ysical)13 b(memory)0 1748 y(can)21 b(con)o(tain)f(8192)g -(pages;)k(its)d(lo)q(cations)f(are)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f(22{bit)e -(addresses,)24 b(where)e(the)f(left)g(thirteen)0 1798 y(bits)15 -b(\(14{26\))f(sp)q(ecify)i(the)g(page)f(and)f(the)i(righ)o(t)f(nine)g -(\(27{35\))f(the)i(lo)q(cation)e(within)g(the)i(page.)21 b(The)16 -b(virtual)0 1848 y(memory)8 b(space)k(addressable)g(b)o(y)f(a)g(program)e(is) -i(16,384)e(pages)i(and)g(requires)h(23{bit)e(addresses,)j(where)f(the)f(left) -0 1898 y(fourteen)k(bits)f(\(13{26\))e(are)j(the)f(extended)i(page)d(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er.)18 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)c(the)g(virtual)f(space)i(is)f(usually)f -(regarded)0 1947 y(as)i(comp)q(osed)g(of)f(thirt)o(y{t)o(w)o(o)g(sections,)i -(eac)o(h)f(of)f(512)h(pages.)21 b(With)14 b(this)h(view,)g(the)g(extended)i -(page)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)0 1997 y(has)h(t)o(w)o(o)e(parts:)22 -b(the)16 b(left)f(\014v)o(e)h(bits)f(\(13{17\))g(sp)q(ecify)g(the)h(section,) -g(and)g(the)g(righ)o(t)f(nine)g(\(18{26\))f(sp)q(ecify)i(the)0 -2047 y(page.)95 2032 y Fp(20)162 2047 y FD(Th)o(us)j(within)e(eac)o(h)i -(virtual)f(section,)i(lo)q(cations)e(are)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e(18{bit)f -(addresses,)22 b(where)d(the)0 2097 y(left)14 b(nine)g(bits)h(\(18{26\))e -(are)h(the)h(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)j(The)d(hardw)o(are)f(maps)f(eac)o(h)i -(section)g(of)e(the)i(virtual)f(address)0 2147 y(space)19 b(in)o(to)e(a)h -(part)g(of)f(the)i(ph)o(ysical)e(address)i(space)g(b)o(y)f(transforming)e -(the)j(18{bit)e(addresses)j(in)o(to)d(22{bit)0 2196 y(addresses.)179 -2181 y Fp(21)234 2196 y FD(In)11 b(this)h(transformation)e(the)j(righ)o(t)e -(nine)h(bits)g(of)f(the)h(virtual)f(address)i(are)g(not)e(altered;)i(in)e -(other)p 0 2231 720 2 v 31 2258 a Fo(19)64 2270 y Fn(F)m(or)f(additional)e -(information)f(on)k(the)f(kind)f(of)i(paging)e(emplo)o(y)o(ed)f(in)i(a)h -(TOPS{2O)g(system,)e(refer)h(to)g(\\Storage)f(organizatio)o(n)0 -2309 y(and)k(managemen)n(t)e(in)i(TENEX",)i(b)o(y)f(Daniel)e(L.)i(Murph)o(y)m -(,)f(AFIPS)h(|)g(Conference)e(Pro)q(ceedings,)f(V)m(ol.)22 -b(41,)14 b(page)f(23,)g(AFIPS)0 2348 y(Press,)e(Mon)o(tv)n(ale,)e(NJ.)31 -2376 y Fo(20)64 2388 y Fn(The)h(reasons)f(for)h(holding)e(to)i(the)g -(section{pag)o(e)e(view)i(are)g(t)o(w)o(o.)15 b(First,)9 b(the)h(page)f -(mapping)f(pro)q(cedures)g(are)i(actually)e(set)i(up)0 2427 -y(that)i(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)18 b(Second,)11 b(although)f(large)i(data)f -(structures)f(can)i(arbitrarily)e(cross)i(section)f(b)q(oundaries,)f(the)h -(program)g(cannot.)17 b(F)m(or)0 2467 y(the)10 b(program)e(to)i(get)g(from)g -(one)f(section)g(to)i(another)d(requires)h(an)h(explicit)e(transfer)h(of)h -(program)f(con)o(trol.)k(PC)e(has)f(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y{three)0 -2506 y(bits,)h(but)f(it)h(coun)o(ts)f(in)h(only)g(the)f(righ)o(t)h(eigh)o -(teen:)h(when)g(going)e(b)q(ey)o(ond)f(the)i(end)f(of)h(a)h(section,)d(it)i -(simply)f(wraps)h(around)f(to)h(the)0 2546 y(b)q(eginning)e(of)i(the)g(same)f -(section)g(\(from)g(lo)q(cation)f(777777)h(to)h(0\).)31 2574 -y Fo(21)64 2585 y Fn(The)16 b(mapping)e(pro)q(cedure)f(is)k(of)f(course)f -(applied)f(only)h(to)h(storage)f(mo)q(dule)f(references,)h(whether)g(cac)o -(hed)g(or)h(not.)29 b(A)o(C)0 2625 y(references,)13 b(whic)o(h)i(can)f(b)q(e) -g(made)g(b)o(y)h(an)o(y)f(program,)f(ev)o(en)h(when)h(virtual)e(page)h(0)h -(is)g(accessible,)e(are)i(made)e(directly)g(to)i(fast)p eop -%%Page: 367 27 -367 26 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(367)150 195 y(w)o(ords)12 b(a)f(giv)o(en)g(lo)q(cation)f(in)h(a)g -(virtual)g(page)g(is)g(the)h(same)f(lo)q(cation)f(in)h(the)h(corresp)q -(onding)g(ph)o(ysical)f(page.)18 b(The)150 245 y(translation)13 -b(maps)f(a)i(virtual)e(page)i(in)o(to)f(a)g(ph)o(ysical)g(page)h(b)o(y)f -(substituting)h(a)f(13{bit)g(ph)o(ysical)g(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)150 -295 y(for)i(the)i(9{bit)e(virtual)g(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)26 -b(The)17 b(mappings)e(are)i(di\013eren)o(t)h(for)f(eac)o(h)g(section)g(b)o(y) -g(virtue)g(of)f(eac)o(h)150 345 y(section)f(ha)o(ving)f(a)g(separate)i(page)f -(map.)k(The)c(pro)q(cedure)h(is)f(carried)g(out)g(automatically)c(b)o(y)k -(the)g(pager,)g(but)150 394 y(the)f(maps)f(that)h(supply)g(the)g(necessary)i -(substitutions)f(are)f(set)h(up)f(b)o(y)f(the)i(k)o(ernel)f(program.)150 -480 y(P)o(oin)o(ters)e(to)f(the)i(page)e(maps)f(for)i(the)g(v)n(arious)f -(user)h(and)g(executiv)o(e)g(virtual)f(sections)i(are)f(con)o(tained)f(in)g -(section)150 530 y(tables)g(that)g(b)q(egin)f(at)h(lo)q(cation)f(540)g(in)g -(the)h(user)h(and)f(executiv)o(e)h(pro)q(cess)g(tables)f(\(UPT)g(and)g -(EPT\).)g(The)g(pager)150 580 y(con)o(tains)k(t)o(w)o(o)f(13{bit)g(registers) -j(that)e(the)g(Monitor)g(loads)f(to)h(sp)q(ecify)h(the)f(ph)o(ysical)g(page)g -(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(of)h(these)150 629 y(tables.)j(T)m(o)13 -b(retriev)o(e)j(a)d(section)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(from)e(a)h(pro)q(cess)j(table,) -d(the)i(pager)f(uses)h(the)g(appropriate)f(base)g(page)150 -679 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(as)g(the)i(left)e(thirteen)i(bits)e(of)g(the)h(ph)o -(ysical)f(address)i(and)f(540)e(plus)i(the)g(virtual)f(section)h(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)f(as)150 729 y(the)g(righ)o(t)e(nine)i(bits.)489 714 y -Fp(22)542 729 y FD(The)f(section)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(m)o(ust)g(iden)o(tify)f(|) -g(either)i(directly)g(or)f(indirectly)g(|)g(a)f(ph)o(ysical)150 -779 y(page)j(that)g(con)o(tains)g(the)h(page)f(map)f(for)g(the)i(section.)23 -b(Ev)o(ery)15 b(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(and)f(mapping)d(tak)o(es)k(one)f(w)o(ord,)g -(and)150 829 y(since)i(there)g(are)f(512)g(pages)g(in)f(a)h(section)h(and)e -(512)h(w)o(ords)g(in)f(a)h(page,)g(a)g(page)f(map)g(for)g(a)h(section)h -(requires)150 878 y(exactly)d(one)g(page.)150 964 y(Figures)h(are)f(pro)o -(vided)h(to)f(sho)o(w)g(the)h(organization)e(of)g(the)i(virtual)f(address)h -(spaces,)h(the)e(pro)q(cess)j(tables)d(and)150 1014 y(the)j(section)h(tables) -f(for)g(b)q(oth)f(user)i(and)f(executiv)o(e.)28 b(Figure)17 -b(4.3)f(giv)o(es)g(the)i(general)f(la)o(y)o(out)e(of)i(the)g(pro)q(cess)150 -1064 y(tables)c(and)g(sho)o(ws)h(the)f(relation)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(the)g -(virtual)e(address)j(spaces)f(and)f(section)h(tables.)k(Figure)13 -b(4.4)f(lists)150 1113 y(the)i(detailed)e(con\014guration)h(of)f(the)i(pro)q -(cess)h(tables)e(for)f(the)i(extended)g(v)o(ersion)f(of)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor) -i(and)e(Figure)150 1163 y(4.5)j(rep)q(eats)i(this)e(information)e(for)i(the)i -(single{section)e(v)o(ersion)h(of)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor.)1528 -1148 y Fp(23)1591 1163 y FD(An)o(y)g(table)f(lo)q(cations)150 -1213 y(not)e(used)h(are)f(reserv)o(ed)i(for)d(future)i(use)g(b)o(y)e(the)i -(hardw)o(are)f(or)g(use)h(b)o(y)e(the)i(Monitor)e(for)h(soft)o(w)o(are)g -(functions.)150 1299 y(Although)9 b(the)h(virtual)e(space)j(is)e(alw)o(a)o -(ys)f(thirt)o(y{t)o(w)o(o)h(sections)h(of)f(256K)g(b)o(y)g(virtue)h(of)e(the) -i(addressing)g(capabilit)o(y)150 1348 y(of)i(the)h(instruction)g(and)f -(indirect)h(w)o(ord)f(formats,)f(the)i(Monitor)e(usually)h(limits)e(the)j -(actual)f(address)i(space)f(for)150 1398 y(a)j(giv)o(en)f(program)g(b)o(y)h -(de\014ning)g(only)f(certain)h(sections)i(or)e(pages)g(as)g(accessible.)26 -b(There)17 b(is)f(no)g(requiremen)o(t)150 1448 y(that)i(the)g(accessible)h -(space)g(b)q(e)f(con)o(tin)o(uous)f(|)g(it)h(can)f(b)q(e)i(scattered)g -(pages.)30 b(The)18 b(Monitor)f(also)g(sp)q(eci\014es)150 1498 -y(whether)f(eac)o(h)f(section)g(or)g(page)f(is)h(public)f(or)g(not,)g -(writable)h(or)f(not,)g(and)h(cac)o(heable)g(or)f(not.)20 b(T)m(o)14 -b(determine)150 1548 y(the)g(mapping)c(for)j(a)g(giv)o(en)f(virtual)g(page,)h -(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(carries)h(out)f(a)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(ev)n(aluation)f -(pro)q(cedure)j(that)150 1597 y(starts)e(at)f(the)h(appropriate)g(en)o(try)f -(in)g(the)h(section)g(table.)k(If)12 b(it)g(is)g(disco)o(v)o(ered)i(during)e -(this)g(pro)q(cedure)i(that)e(the)150 1647 y(section)g(or)f(page)g(is)h -(inaccessible,)g(the)g(page)f(map)f(or)h(the)h(referenced)i(page)d(is)g(not)g -(in)g(memory)m(,)d(or)k(the)g(program)150 1697 y(is)j(attempting)f(to)h -(write)g(in)g(a)g(write{protected)i(page,)e(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(traps)h -(to)f(the)g(Monitor,)g(whic)o(h)g(m)o(ust)150 1747 y(handle)h(the)h -(situation.)24 b(A)16 b(trap)g(to)g(the)h(Monitor)e(for)h(a)g(reason)h(of)e -(this)h(sort)h(is)f(pro)q(duced)h(b)o(y)f(generating)g(a)150 -1797 y(\\soft)e(page)h(failure.")20 b(But)15 b(if)f(nothing)g(is)h(amiss,)e -(the)i(pro)q(cedure)i(is)d(carried)i(out)f(en)o(tirely)f(b)o(y)h(the)g(micro) -q(co)q(de)150 1847 y(|)e(with)h(no)g(need)g(to)g(call)f(the)i(soft)o(w)o(are) -f(|)f(and)h(it)f(generates)j(the)e(mapping)e(for)h(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g -(virtual)e(page.)150 1896 y(The)k(pro)q(cedure)h(requires)g(access)g(to)e(b)q -(oth)h(the)g(section)g(table)f(and)g(page)h(map,)e(to)h(a)g(memory)e(status)j -(table)150 1946 y(in)e(whic)o(h)h(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(k)o(eeps)i(trac)o -(k)f(of)f(the)h(use)g(made)f(of)g(the)h(page)g(map)e(and)h(the)h -(program{referenced)150 1996 y(page,)d(and)g(p)q(erhaps)i(to)e(other)h -(prede\014ned)h(or)e(soft)o(w)o(are{de\014ned)h(tables)g(as)f(w)o(ell.)k(If)c -(the)h(complete)f(pro)q(cedure)150 2046 y(w)o(ere)j(carried)g(out)f(in)g(ev)o -(ery)h(instance,)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(w)o(ould)e(require)h(at)f(least)h -(\014v)o(e)f(memory)e(references)18 b(for)150 2096 y(ev)o(ery)e(one)f(b)o(y)g -(the)h(program.)k(T)m(o)15 b(a)o(v)o(oid)e(this,)i(eac)o(h)h(mapping)d -(generated)j(b)o(y)f(the)h(pro)q(cedure)h(is)e(placed)h(in)e(a)150 -2145 y(page)g(table,)f(and)h(the)h(pager)f(mak)o(es)f(its)h(virtual{to{ph)o -(ysical)e(translations)i(from)e(the)j(mappings)d(held)i(in)f(the)150 -2195 y(table.)21 b(Hence)c(it)d(is)h(necessary)i(to)e(go)f(through)h(the)h -(ev)n(aluation)d(pro)q(cedure)k(only)d(when)i(the)f(mapping)e(is)i(not)p -150 2230 720 2 v 150 2268 a Fn(memory)9 b(and)i(require)f(no)h(mapping.)181 -2296 y Fo(22)214 2308 y Fn(In)g(a)g(single{section)d(KL10)j(paging)f(pro)q -(cedures)f(are)i(still)f(as)i(giv)o(en)e(here,)g(but)h(all)g(addresses)e(ha)o -(v)o(e)i(zero)f(section)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers.)181 2336 y Fo(23)214 -2347 y Fn(F)m(or)f(release)f(1)i(or)f(2)h(of)f(the)g(TOPS{20)h(Monitor,)e -(the)h(information)e(giv)o(en)h(in)i(Figure)e(4.5)h(is)h(incorrect)d(for)i -(User)h(Pro)q(cess)f(T)m(able)150 2387 y(lo)q(cations)g(424{427)g(and)i -(500{503,)e(whic)o(h)i(should)f(read)g(as)i(follo)o(ws:)467 -2425 y(424)49 b(MUUO)14 b(Stored)9 b(Here)272 b(500)49 b(P)o(age)11 -b(F)m(ail)g(W)m(ord)467 2465 y(425)49 b(MUUO)14 b(Old)d(PC)h(W)m(ord)241 -b(501)49 b(P)o(age)11 b(F)m(ail)g(Old)g(PC)h(W)m(ord)467 2504 -y(426)49 b(MUUO)14 b(Pro)q(cess)c(Con)o(text)g(W)m(ord)108 -b(502)49 b(P)o(age)11 b(F)m(ail)g(New)h(PC)g(W)m(ord)467 2543 -y(427)49 b(Reserv)o(ed)440 b(503)49 b(Reserv)o(ed)185 2601 -y(Moreo)o(v)o(er,)10 b(the)h(section)f(tables)g(are)h(at)g(User)g(and)g -(Executiv)o(e)e(Pro)q(cess)h(T)m(able)h(lo)q(cations)f(440{477,)f(rather)h -(than)g(540{577.)p eop -%%Page: 368 28 -368 27 bop 0 50 a FD(368)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)27 160 y Fz(Figure)k(4.3:)25 b(TOPS{20)19 b(Virtual)f -(Address)h(Space)g(and)g(Pro)r(cess)f(T)-5 b(able)18 b(La)n(y)n(out)1388 -2614 y Fq(HRMF-KL)m(TWENV)m(AS.TEX)p -42 2624 291 2 v -42 2623 -2 2159 v -42 466 291 2 v 248 2623 2 2159 v -185 2620 a Fp(37777777)2 -1465 y FD(32)c(Sections)-10 1507 y(of)g(512)f(P)o(ages)-11 -1556 y(of)h(512)f(w)o(ords)58 1597 y(eac)o(h.)2 1641 y(\(8192)g(KW\))-69 -491 y Fp(0)-169 557 y(1000000)55 309 y FA(User)28 351 y(Virtual)20 -392 y(Address)44 433 y(Space)33 509 y Fn(Section)d(0)33 576 -y(Section)g(1)24 2601 y(Section)g(37)p -42 2557 21 2 v 228 -2557 V -42 2489 V 228 2489 V -42 2422 V 228 2422 V -42 2354 -V 228 2354 V -42 2287 V 228 2287 V -42 2220 V 228 2220 V -42 -2152 V 228 2152 V -42 2085 V 228 2085 V -42 2017 V 228 2017 -V -42 1950 V 228 1950 V -42 1882 V 228 1882 V -42 1815 V 228 -1815 V -42 1747 V 228 1747 V -42 1680 V 228 1680 V -42 1612 -V 228 1612 V -42 1545 V 228 1545 V -42 1478 V 228 1478 V -42 -1410 V 228 1410 V -42 1343 V 228 1343 V -42 1275 V 228 1275 -V -42 1208 V 228 1208 V -42 1140 V 228 1140 V -42 1073 V 228 -1073 V -42 1005 V 228 1005 V -42 938 V 228 938 V -42 870 V -228 870 V -42 803 V 228 803 V -42 736 V 228 736 V -42 668 V -228 668 V -42 601 V 228 601 V -42 533 V 228 533 V 457 1835 -291 2 v 456 1835 2 1163 v 457 673 291 2 v 746 1835 2 1163 v -553 562 a FA(User)523 603 y(Pro)q(cess)545 645 y(T)l(able)p -457 1171 291 2 v 759 932 a Fn(272)706 1170 y Fl(\000)-84 b(\000)706 -1129 y(\000)623 1170 y(\000)664 1129 y(\000)706 1087 y(\000)581 -1170 y(\000)623 1129 y(\000)664 1087 y(\000)706 1046 y(\000)540 -1170 y(\000)581 1129 y(\000)623 1087 y(\000)664 1046 y(\000)706 -1004 y(\000)498 1170 y(\000)540 1129 y(\000)581 1087 y(\000)623 -1046 y(\000)664 1004 y(\000)706 963 y(\000)457 1170 y(\000)498 -1129 y(\000)540 1087 y(\000)581 1046 y(\000)623 1004 y(\000)664 -963 y(\000)706 921 y(\000)457 1129 y(\000)498 1087 y(\000)540 -1046 y(\000)581 1004 y(\000)623 963 y(\000)664 921 y(\000)706 -880 y(\000)457 1087 y(\000)498 1046 y(\000)540 1004 y(\000)581 -963 y(\000)623 921 y(\000)664 880 y(\000)706 838 y(\000)457 -1046 y(\000)498 1004 y(\000)540 963 y(\000)581 921 y(\000)623 -880 y(\000)664 838 y(\000)706 797 y(\000)457 1004 y(\000)498 -963 y(\000)540 921 y(\000)581 880 y(\000)623 838 y(\000)664 -797 y(\000)706 755 y(\000)457 963 y(\000)498 921 y(\000)540 -880 y(\000)581 838 y(\000)623 797 y(\000)664 755 y(\000)706 -714 y(\000)457 921 y(\000)498 880 y(\000)540 838 y(\000)581 -797 y(\000)623 755 y(\000)664 714 y(\000)457 880 y(\000)498 -838 y(\000)540 797 y(\000)581 755 y(\000)623 714 y(\000)457 -838 y(\000)498 797 y(\000)540 755 y(\000)581 714 y(\000)457 -797 y(\000)498 755 y(\000)540 714 y(\000)457 755 y(\000)498 -714 y(\000)h(\000)483 1220 y Fn(T)m(rap)12 b(&)g(MUUO)759 1223 -y(16)p 457 1254 V 759 1306 a(32)706 1336 y Fl(\000)-84 b(\000)706 -1295 y(\000)623 1336 y(\000)664 1295 y(\000)581 1336 y(\000)623 -1295 y(\000)540 1336 y(\000)581 1295 y(\000)498 1336 y(\000)540 -1295 y(\000)457 1336 y(\000)498 1295 y(\000)h(\000)p 457 1337 -V 530 1368 a Fn(P)o(age)11 b(F)m(ail)85 b(4)p 457 1379 V 507 -1412 a(Meter)11 b(Blo)q(c)o(k)759 1409 y(4)p 457 1420 V 759 -1472 a(24)706 1502 y Fl(\000)-84 b(\000)706 1461 y(\000)623 -1502 y(\000)664 1461 y(\000)581 1502 y(\000)623 1461 y(\000)540 -1502 y(\000)581 1461 y(\000)498 1502 y(\000)540 1461 y(\000)457 -1502 y(\000)498 1461 y(\000)h(\000)p 457 1503 V 567 1537 a -Fn(User)498 1576 y(Section)9 b(T)m(able)759 1555 y(32)p 457 -1586 V 706 1835 a Fl(\000)-84 b(\000)706 1793 y(\000)623 1835 -y(\000)664 1793 y(\000)706 1752 y(\000)581 1835 y(\000)623 -1793 y(\000)664 1752 y(\000)706 1710 y(\000)540 1835 y(\000)581 -1793 y(\000)623 1752 y(\000)664 1710 y(\000)706 1669 y(\000)498 -1835 y(\000)540 1793 y(\000)581 1752 y(\000)623 1710 y(\000)664 -1669 y(\000)706 1627 y(\000)457 1835 y(\000)498 1793 y(\000)540 -1752 y(\000)581 1710 y(\000)623 1669 y(\000)664 1627 y(\000)457 -1793 y(\000)498 1752 y(\000)540 1710 y(\000)581 1669 y(\000)623 -1627 y(\000)457 1752 y(\000)498 1710 y(\000)540 1669 y(\000)581 -1627 y(\000)457 1710 y(\000)498 1669 y(\000)540 1627 y(\000)457 -1669 y(\000)498 1627 y(\000)h(\000)759 1721 y Fn(128)249 2623 -y Fl(\004)257 2582 y(\004)266 2540 y(\004)274 2499 y(\004)282 -2457 y(\004)291 2416 y(\004)299 2374 y(\004)307 2333 y(\004)315 -2291 y(\004)324 2250 y(\004)332 2208 y(\004)340 2167 y(\004)349 -2125 y(\004)357 2084 y(\004)365 2042 y(\004)374 2001 y(\004)382 -1959 y(\004)390 1918 y(\004)399 1876 y(\004)407 1835 y(\004)415 -1793 y(\004)423 1752 y(\004)432 1710 y(\004)440 1669 y(\004)448 -1627 y(\004)-8 b(\004)249 506 y(D)257 548 y(D)266 589 y(D)274 -631 y(D)282 672 y(D)291 714 y(D)299 755 y(D)307 797 y(D)315 -838 y(D)324 880 y(D)332 921 y(D)340 963 y(D)349 1004 y(D)357 -1046 y(D)365 1087 y(D)374 1129 y(D)382 1170 y(D)390 1212 y(D)399 -1253 y(D)407 1295 y(D)415 1336 y(D)423 1378 y(D)432 1419 y(D)440 -1461 y(D)448 1502 y(D)g(D)p 996 2624 V 995 2623 2 2159 v 996 -466 291 2 v 1286 2623 2 2159 v 853 2620 a Fp(37777777)1040 -1465 y FD(32)13 b(Sections)1028 1507 y(of)g(512)h(P)o(ages)1027 -1556 y(of)g(512)f(w)o(ords)1096 1597 y(eac)o(h.)1040 1641 y(\(8192)g(KW\))969 -491 y Fp(0)869 557 y(1000000)1040 310 y FA(Executiv)o(e)1076 -351 y FD(Virtual)1069 392 y(Address)1090 433 y(Space)1071 509 -y Fn(Section)c(0)1071 576 y(Section)g(1)1045 2601 y(Section)g(7777)p -996 2557 21 2 v 1266 2557 V 996 2489 V 1266 2489 V 996 2422 -V 1266 2422 V 996 2354 V 1266 2354 V 996 2287 V 1266 2287 V -996 2220 V 1266 2220 V 996 2152 V 1266 2152 V 996 2085 V 1266 -2085 V 996 2017 V 1266 2017 V 996 1950 V 1266 1950 V 996 1882 -V 1266 1882 V 996 1815 V 1266 1815 V 996 1747 V 1266 1747 V -996 1680 V 1266 1680 V 996 1612 V 1266 1612 V 996 1545 V 1266 -1545 V 996 1478 V 1266 1478 V 996 1410 V 1266 1410 V 996 1343 -V 1266 1343 V 996 1275 V 1266 1275 V 996 1208 V 1266 1208 V -996 1140 V 1266 1140 V 996 1073 V 1266 1073 V 996 1005 V 1266 -1005 V 996 938 V 1266 938 V 996 870 V 1266 870 V 996 803 V -1266 803 V 996 736 V 1266 736 V 996 668 V 1266 668 V 996 601 -V 1266 601 V 996 533 V 1266 533 V 1494 1835 291 2 v 1494 1835 -2 1163 v 1494 673 291 2 v 1784 1835 2 1163 v 1538 563 a FA(Executiv)o(e)1572 -603 y FD(Pro)q(cess)1590 645 y(T)m(able)1576 704 y Fn(Channel)1536 -740 y(Logout)h(Areas)1797 724 y(32)p 1494 756 291 2 v 1569 -786 a(In)o(terrupt)1797 787 y(16)p 1494 798 V 1509 831 a(Blo)q(c)o(k)h(Fill)g -(W)m(ords)1797 828 y(4)p 1494 839 V 1743 921 a Fl(\000)-83 -b(\000)1743 880 y(\000)1660 921 y(\000)1702 880 y(\000)1619 -921 y(\000)1660 880 y(\000)1577 921 y(\000)1619 880 y(\000)1536 -921 y(\000)1577 880 y(\000)1494 921 y(\000)1536 880 y(\000)f(\000)1797 -891 y Fn(44)p 1494 922 V 1584 956 a(DTE20)1525 992 y(Con)o(trol)11 -b(Blo)q(c)o(ks)1797 974 y(32)p 1494 1005 V 1743 1253 a Fl(\000)-83 -b(\000)1743 1212 y(\000)1660 1253 y(\000)1702 1212 y(\000)1743 -1170 y(\000)1619 1253 y(\000)1660 1212 y(\000)1702 1170 y(\000)1743 -1129 y(\000)1577 1253 y(\000)1619 1212 y(\000)1660 1170 y(\000)1702 -1129 y(\000)1743 1087 y(\000)1536 1253 y(\000)1577 1212 y(\000)1619 -1170 y(\000)1660 1129 y(\000)1702 1087 y(\000)1743 1046 y(\000)1494 -1253 y(\000)1536 1212 y(\000)1577 1170 y(\000)1619 1129 y(\000)1660 -1087 y(\000)1702 1046 y(\000)1494 1212 y(\000)1536 1170 y(\000)1577 -1129 y(\000)1619 1087 y(\000)1660 1046 y(\000)1494 1170 y(\000)1536 -1129 y(\000)1577 1087 y(\000)1619 1046 y(\000)1494 1129 y(\000)1536 -1087 y(\000)1577 1046 y(\000)1494 1087 y(\000)1536 1046 y(\000)f(\000)1797 -1140 y Fn(145)p 1494 1254 V 1603 1284 a(T)m(rap)1797 1285 y(3)p -1494 1296 V 1743 1419 a Fl(\000)h(\000)1743 1378 y(\000)1660 -1419 y(\000)1702 1378 y(\000)1743 1336 y(\000)1619 1419 y(\000)1660 -1378 y(\000)1702 1336 y(\000)1577 1419 y(\000)1619 1378 y(\000)1660 -1336 y(\000)1536 1419 y(\000)1577 1378 y(\000)1619 1336 y(\000)1494 -1419 y(\000)1536 1378 y(\000)1577 1336 y(\000)1494 1378 y(\000)1536 -1336 y(\000)f(\000)1797 1368 y Fn(52)p 1494 1420 V 1538 1454 -a(Meter)11 b(Blo)q(c)o(ks)1797 1451 y(5)p 1494 1462 V 1743 -1502 a Fl(\000)-83 b(\000)f(\000)h(\000)f(\000)h(\000)f(\000)1797 -1492 y Fn(19)p 1494 1503 V 1564 1537 a(Executiv)o(e)1535 1576 -y(Section)10 b(T)m(able)1797 1555 y(32)p 1494 1586 V 1743 1835 -a Fl(\000)-83 b(\000)1743 1793 y(\000)1660 1835 y(\000)1702 -1793 y(\000)1743 1752 y(\000)1619 1835 y(\000)1660 1793 y(\000)1702 -1752 y(\000)1743 1710 y(\000)1577 1835 y(\000)1619 1793 y(\000)1660 -1752 y(\000)1702 1710 y(\000)1743 1669 y(\000)1536 1835 y(\000)1577 -1793 y(\000)1619 1752 y(\000)1660 1710 y(\000)1702 1669 y(\000)1743 -1627 y(\000)1494 1835 y(\000)1536 1793 y(\000)1577 1752 y(\000)1619 -1710 y(\000)1660 1669 y(\000)1702 1627 y(\000)1494 1793 y(\000)1536 -1752 y(\000)1577 1710 y(\000)1619 1669 y(\000)1660 1627 y(\000)1494 -1752 y(\000)1536 1710 y(\000)1577 1669 y(\000)1619 1627 y(\000)1494 -1710 y(\000)1536 1669 y(\000)1577 1627 y(\000)1494 1669 y(\000)1536 -1627 y(\000)f(\000)1797 1721 y Fn(128)1287 2623 y Fl(\004)1295 -2582 y(\004)1303 2540 y(\004)1312 2499 y(\004)1320 2457 y(\004)1328 -2416 y(\004)1337 2374 y(\004)1345 2333 y(\004)1353 2291 y(\004)1362 -2250 y(\004)1370 2208 y(\004)1378 2167 y(\004)1386 2125 y(\004)1395 -2084 y(\004)1403 2042 y(\004)1411 2001 y(\004)1420 1959 y(\004)1428 -1918 y(\004)1436 1876 y(\004)1445 1835 y(\004)1453 1793 y(\004)1461 -1752 y(\004)1469 1710 y(\004)1478 1669 y(\004)1486 1627 y(\004)-8 -b(\004)1287 506 y(D)1295 548 y(D)1303 589 y(D)1312 631 y(D)1320 -672 y(D)1328 714 y(D)1337 755 y(D)1345 797 y(D)1353 838 y(D)1362 -880 y(D)1370 921 y(D)1378 963 y(D)1386 1004 y(D)1395 1046 y(D)1403 -1087 y(D)1411 1129 y(D)1420 1170 y(D)1428 1212 y(D)1436 1253 -y(D)1445 1295 y(D)1453 1336 y(D)1461 1378 y(D)1469 1419 y(D)1478 -1461 y(D)1486 1502 y(D)g(D)1516 2405 y FD(Shaded)14 b(Areas)1519 -2455 y(Are)g(Reserv)o(ed)p eop -%%Page: 369 29 -369 28 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(369)307 160 y Fz(Figure)18 b(4.4:)24 b(Extended)17 b(TOPS{20)i(Pro)r -(cess)f(T)-5 b(able)19 b(Con\014guration)150 2655 y Fq(HRMF-KL)m -(TWENPTCX.TEX)p 233 2541 831 2 v 232 2540 2 2159 v 1229 2541 -831 2 v 1228 2540 2 2159 v 233 382 831 2 v 1062 2540 2 2159 -v 1229 382 831 2 v 2059 2540 2 2159 v 413 341 a Fz(User)f(Pro)r(cess)g(T)-5 -b(able)464 b(Executiv)n(e)16 b(Pro)r(cess)i(T)-5 b(able)168 -2530 y Fn(777)943 b(777)204 413 y(0)978 b(0)245 725 y(Reserv)o(ed)565 -580 y(Note:)607 630 y(Asterisks)10 b(indicate)607 679 y(lo)q(cations)f(whose) -i(use)607 729 y(di\013ers)f(froms)g(those)607 776 y(in)h(the)g(single{secti)o -(on)607 826 y(pro)q(cess)f(table,)g(listed)607 876 y(in)h(the)g(next)f -(\014gure.)p 233 1047 831 2 v 168 1077 a(420)245 1080 y(Address)g(of)i(LUUO)h -(Blo)q(c)o(k)1075 1081 y(*)p 233 1088 V 168 1119 a(421)245 -1118 y(User)e(Arithmetic)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(T)m(rap)g(Instruction)p -233 1130 V 168 1160 a(422)23 b(User)11 b(Pushdo)o(wn)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(T)m -(rap)g(Instruction)p 233 1171 V 168 1202 a(423)245 1201 y(User)g(T)m(rap)h(3) -f(T)m(rap)g(Instruction)p 233 1213 V 168 1243 a(424)23 b(MUUO)13 -b(Flags)208 b(MUUO)13 b(Op)f(Co)q(de,)f(A)p 647 1253 2 42 v -1075 1247 a(*)p 233 1254 831 2 v 168 1285 a(425)245 1288 y(MUUO)i(Old)f(PC) -1075 1289 y(*)p 233 1296 V 168 1326 a(426)245 1329 y(E)g(of)f(MUUO)1075 -1330 y(*)p 233 1337 V 168 1368 a(427)245 1371 y(MUUO)i(Pro)q(cess)d(Con)o -(text)h(W)m(ord)p 233 1379 V 168 1409 a(430)23 b(Kernel)10 -b(No)i(T)m(rap)g(MUUO)h(New)f(PC)1075 1413 y(*)p 233 1420 V -168 1451 a(431)245 1450 y(Kernel)e(T)m(rap)i(MUUO)h(New)g(PC)1075 -1455 y(*)p 233 1462 V 168 1492 a(432)23 b(Sup)q(ervisor)9 b(No)i(T)m(rap)h -(MUUO)h(New)f(PC)1075 1496 y(*)p 233 1503 V 168 1534 a(433)245 -1533 y(Sup)q(ervisor)d(T)m(rap)i(MUUO)i(New)g(PC)1075 1538 -y(*)p 233 1545 V 168 1575 a(434)23 b(Concealed)9 b(No)j(T)m(rap)g(MUUO)h(New) -f(PC)1075 1579 y(*)p 233 1586 V 168 1617 a(435)245 1616 y(Concealed)d(T)m -(rap)j(MUUO)h(New)f(PC)1075 1621 y(*)p 233 1628 V 168 1658 -a(436)23 b(Public)10 b(No)i(T)m(rap)f(MUUO)j(New)e(PC)1075 -1662 y(*)p 233 1669 V 168 1700 a(437)23 b(Public)10 b(T)m(rap)h(MUUO)j(New)e -(PC)1075 1704 y(*)p 233 1711 V 168 1741 a(440)p 233 1877 V -168 1866 a(477)245 1804 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 233 1918 V 168 1907 -a(500)1075 1911 y(*)245 1907 y(P)o(age)f(F)m(ail)g(W)m(ord)168 -1949 y(501)23 b(P)o(age)11 b(F)m(ail)g(Flags)1075 1953 y(*)p -233 1960 V 168 1990 a(502)23 b(P)o(age)11 b(F)m(ail)g(Old)g(PC)1075 -1994 y(*)p 233 2001 V 168 2032 a(503)23 b(P)o(age)11 b(F)m(ail)g(New)h(PC) -1075 2036 y(*)p 233 2043 V 168 2073 a(504)168 2115 y(505)245 -2095 y(User)f(Pro)q(cess)g(Execution)e(Time)p 233 2126 V 168 -2156 a(506)168 2198 y(507)245 2175 y(User)i(Memory)f(Reference)g(Coun)o(t)p -233 2209 V 168 2239 a(510)168 2302 y(537)245 2271 y(Reserv)o(ed)p -233 2313 V 168 2343 a(540)168 2447 y(577)245 2346 y(User)h(Section)f(0)245 -2450 y(User)h(Section)f(37)p 233 2458 V 168 2489 a(600)168 -2530 y(777)245 2510 y(Reserv)o(ed)1241 454 y(Eigh)o(t)h(Channel)f(Logout)g -(Areas)1253 497 y(Eac)o(h:)k(0)d(Initial)f(Channel)g(Command)1354 -538 y(1)h(Gets)g(Channel)f(Status)g(W)m(ord)1354 577 y(2)h(Gets)g(Last)g(Up)q -(dated)f(Command)1354 621 y(3)h(Reserv)o(ed)p 1229 673 V 1182 -662 a(37)p 1229 673 V 1182 704 a(40)p 1229 756 V 1241 725 a(Reserv)o(ed)1182 -745 y(41)1182 787 y(42)p 1229 922 V 1241 846 a(Standard)e(Priorit)o(y)h(In)o -(terrupt)f(Instructions)1182 911 y(57)1182 953 y(60)p 1229 -1005 V 1241 974 a(F)m(our)i(Channel)f(Blo)q(c)o(k)h(Fill)g(W)m(ords)1182 -994 y(63)1182 1036 y(64)p 1229 1171 V 1241 1099 a(Reserv)o(ed)1165 -1160 y(137)1165 1202 y(140)1241 1265 y(F)m(our)g(DTE20)g(Con)o(trol)g(Blo)q -(c)o(ks)1165 1326 y(177)p 1229 1337 V 1165 1368 a(200)1165 -1700 y(420)1241 1535 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 1229 1711 V 1165 1741 -a(421)22 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(Arithmetic)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(T)m(rap)g -(Instruction)p 1229 1752 V 1165 1783 a(422)22 b(Executiv)o(e)9 -b(Pushdo)o(wn)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)i(T)m(rap)f(Instruction)p -1229 1794 V 1165 1824 a(423)22 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(T)m(rap)j(3)f(T)m(rap)g -(Instruction)p 1229 1835 V 1165 1866 a(424)1165 1990 y(507)1241 -1929 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 1229 2001 V 1165 2032 a(510)1165 2073 -y(511)1241 2053 y(Time)g(Base)p 1229 2084 V 1165 2115 a(512)1165 -2156 y(513)1241 2133 y(P)o(erformance)d(Analysis)j(Coun)o(t)p -1229 2167 V 1165 2198 a(514)22 b(In)o(terv)n(al)9 b(Coun)o(ter)i(In)o -(terrupt)e(Instruction)p 1229 2209 V 1165 2239 a(515)1165 2302 -y(537)1241 2292 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 1229 2313 V 1165 2343 a(540)1241 -2346 y(Executiv)o(e)g(Section)h(0)1165 2447 y(577)1241 2450 -y(Executiv)o(e)f(Section)h(37)p 1229 2458 V 1165 2489 a(600)1241 -2510 y(Reserv)o(ed)p eop -%%Page: 370 30 -370 29 bop 0 50 a FD(370)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)96 160 y Fz(Figure)k(4.5:)24 b(Single{Section)17 -b(TOPS{20)j(Pro)r(cess)e(T)-5 b(able)18 b(Con\014guration)0 -2655 y Fq(HRMF-KL)m(TWENPTCS.TEX)p 83 2541 831 2 v 82 2540 -2 2159 v 1079 2541 831 2 v 1078 2540 2 2159 v 83 382 831 2 -v 912 2540 2 2159 v 1079 382 831 2 v 1909 2540 2 2159 v 263 -341 a Fz(User)g(Pro)r(cess)g(T)-5 b(able)464 b(Executiv)n(e)16 -b(Pro)r(cess)i(T)-5 b(able)18 2530 y Fn(777)943 b(777)54 413 -y(0)978 b(0)95 725 y(Reserv)o(ed)415 580 y(Note:)457 630 y(Asterisks)10 -b(indicate)457 679 y(lo)q(cations)f(whose)i(use)457 729 y(di\013ers)f(froms)g -(those)457 776 y(in)h(the)g(extended)e(pro)q(cess)457 826 y(table,)h(listed)g -(in)h(the)457 876 y(preceding)d(\014gure.)p 83 1047 831 2 v -18 1077 a(420)95 1080 y(Reserv)o(ed)925 1081 y(*)p 83 1088 -V 18 1119 a(421)95 1118 y(User)j(Arithmetic)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(T)m(rap)g -(Instruction)p 83 1130 V 18 1160 a(422)23 b(User)11 b(Pushdo)o(wn)g(Ov)o -(er\015o)o(w)g(T)m(rap)g(Instruction)p 83 1171 V 18 1202 a(423)95 -1201 y(User)g(T)m(rap)h(3)f(T)m(rap)g(Instruction)p 83 1213 -V 18 1243 a(424)95 1246 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 497 1253 2 42 v 925 -1247 a(*)p 83 1254 831 2 v 18 1285 a(425)95 1288 y(MUUO)i(Stored)d(Here)925 -1289 y(*)p 83 1296 V 18 1326 a(426)95 1329 y(MUUO)j(Old)f(PC)g(W)m(ord)925 -1330 y(*)p 83 1337 V 18 1368 a(427)95 1371 y(MUUO)h(Pro)q(cess)d(Con)o(text)h -(W)m(ord)p 83 1379 V 18 1409 a(430)23 b(Kernel)10 b(No)i(T)m(rap)g(MUUO)h -(New)f(PC)h(W)m(ord)925 1413 y(*)p 83 1420 V 18 1451 a(431)95 -1450 y(Kernel)d(T)m(rap)i(MUUO)h(New)g(PC)f(W)m(ord)925 1455 -y(*)p 83 1462 V 18 1492 a(432)23 b(Sup)q(ervisor)9 b(No)i(T)m(rap)h(MUUO)h -(New)f(PC)h(W)m(ord)925 1496 y(*)p 83 1503 V 18 1534 a(433)95 -1533 y(Sup)q(ervisor)c(T)m(rap)i(MUUO)i(New)g(PC)f(W)m(ord)925 -1538 y(*)p 83 1545 V 18 1575 a(434)23 b(Concealed)9 b(No)j(T)m(rap)g(MUUO)h -(New)f(PC)g(W)m(ord)925 1579 y(*)p 83 1586 V 18 1617 a(435)95 -1616 y(Concealed)d(T)m(rap)j(MUUO)h(New)f(PC)h(W)m(ord)925 -1621 y(*)p 83 1628 V 18 1658 a(436)23 b(Public)10 b(No)i(T)m(rap)f(MUUO)j -(New)e(PC)g(W)m(ord)925 1662 y(*)p 83 1669 V 18 1700 a(437)23 -b(Public)10 b(T)m(rap)h(MUUO)j(New)e(PC)g(W)m(ord)925 1704 -y(*)p 83 1711 V 18 1741 a(440)18 1866 y(477)95 1804 y(Reserv)o(ed)p -83 1877 V 18 1907 a(500)925 1911 y(*)95 1910 y(Reserv)o(ed)p -83 1918 V 18 1949 a(501)23 b(P)o(age)11 b(F)m(ail)g(W)m(ord)925 -1953 y(*)p 83 1960 V 18 1990 a(502)23 b(P)o(age)11 b(F)m(ail)g(Old)g(PC)h(W)m -(ord)925 1994 y(*)p 83 2001 V 18 2032 a(503)23 b(P)o(age)11 -b(F)m(ail)g(New)h(PC)g(W)m(ord)925 2036 y(*)p 83 2043 V 18 -2073 a(504)18 2115 y(505)95 2095 y(User)f(Pro)q(cess)g(Execution)e(Time)p -83 2126 V 18 2156 a(506)18 2198 y(507)95 2175 y(User)i(Memory)f(Reference)g -(Coun)o(t)p 83 2209 V 18 2239 a(510)18 2302 y(537)95 2271 y(Reserv)o(ed)p -83 2313 V 18 2343 a(540)18 2447 y(577)95 2346 y(User)h(Section)f(0)95 -2450 y(User)h(Section)f(37)p 83 2458 V 18 2489 a(600)18 2530 -y(777)95 2510 y(Reserv)o(ed)1091 454 y(Eigh)o(t)h(Channel)f(Logout)g(Areas) -1103 497 y(Eac)o(h:)k(0)d(Initial)f(Channel)g(Command)1204 -538 y(1)h(Gets)g(Channel)f(Status)g(W)m(ord)1204 577 y(2)h(Gets)g(Last)g(Up)q -(dated)f(Command)1204 621 y(3)h(Reserv)o(ed)p 1079 673 V 1032 -662 a(37)p 1079 673 V 1032 704 a(40)p 1079 756 V 1091 725 a(Reserv)o(ed)1032 -745 y(41)1032 787 y(42)p 1079 922 V 1091 846 a(Standard)e(Priorit)o(y)h(In)o -(terrupt)f(Instructions)1032 911 y(57)1032 953 y(60)p 1079 -1005 V 1091 974 a(F)m(our)i(Channel)f(Blo)q(c)o(k)h(Fill)g(W)m(ords)1032 -994 y(63)1032 1036 y(64)p 1079 1171 V 1091 1099 a(Reserv)o(ed)1015 -1160 y(137)1015 1202 y(140)1091 1265 y(F)m(our)g(DTE20)g(Con)o(trol)g(Blo)q -(c)o(ks)1015 1326 y(177)p 1079 1337 V 1015 1368 a(200)1015 -1700 y(420)1091 1535 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 1079 1711 V 1015 1741 -a(421)22 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(Arithmetic)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(T)m(rap)g -(Instruction)p 1079 1752 V 1015 1783 a(422)22 b(Executiv)o(e)9 -b(Pushdo)o(wn)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)i(T)m(rap)f(Instruction)p -1079 1794 V 1015 1824 a(423)22 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(T)m(rap)j(3)f(T)m(rap)g -(Instruction)p 1079 1835 V 1015 1866 a(424)1015 1990 y(507)1091 -1929 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 1079 2001 V 1015 2032 a(510)1015 2073 -y(511)1091 2053 y(Time)g(Base)p 1079 2084 V 1015 2115 a(512)1015 -2156 y(513)1091 2133 y(P)o(erformance)d(Analysis)j(Coun)o(t)p -1079 2167 V 1015 2198 a(514)22 b(In)o(terv)n(al)9 b(Coun)o(ter)i(In)o -(terrupt)e(Instruction)p 1079 2209 V 1015 2239 a(515)1015 2302 -y(537)1091 2292 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 1079 2313 V 1015 2343 a(540)1091 -2346 y(Executiv)o(e)g(Section)h(0)1015 2447 y(577)1091 2450 -y(Executiv)o(e)f(Section)h(37)p 1079 2458 V 1015 2489 a(600)1091 -2510 y(Reserv)o(ed)p eop -%%Page: 371 31 -371 30 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(371)150 195 y(a)o(v)n(ailable)12 b(in)h(the)i(page)e(table.)18 -b(Since)d(the)f(ob)r(jectiv)o(e)g(of)g(the)g(pro)q(cedure)i(is)e(to)f(place)h -(a)g(mapping)e(in)h(the)i(table,)150 245 y(it)f(is)f(referred)j(to)e(as)g(a)f -(\\page)h(re\014ll.")150 330 y FA(P)o(age)h(T)l(able.)j FD(A)c(lo)q(cation)f -(in)g(the)i(page)f(table)f(con)o(tains)h(a)g(mapping)e(en)o(try)i(in)f(this)h -(format.)1676 315 y Fp(24)p 524 587 748 2 v 524 437 V 1270 -586 2 150 v 523 586 V 525 525 a Fy(A)p 564 586 V 12 w(P)p 606 -586 V 9 w(M)p 647 586 V 2 w(W)p 689 586 V 6 w(C)p 730 586 V -875 501 a FD(Ph)o(ysical)g(P)o(age)826 550 y(Address)i(Bits)e(14{26)150 -734 y(Eac)o(h)i(en)o(try)h(is)e(iden)o(ti\014ed)h(as)g(pro)o(viding)f(the)i -(ph)o(ysical)e(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(for)g(the)i(translation)e(for)h(a)f -(particular)150 784 y(virtual)f(page)h(in)g(a)g(particular)g(section)h(and)f -(address)h(space)g(\(user)g(or)g(executiv)o(e\).)23 b(A)15 -b(1)g(in)f(the)i Fy(A)f FD(bit)g(means)150 833 y(the)k(lo)q(cation)f(con)o -(tains)g(a)g(v)n(alid)f(mapping,)g(and)i(the)g(page)f(is)g(therefore)i -(immediately)15 b(accessible)20 b(without)150 883 y(requiring)14 -b(further)i(action)e(b)o(y)h(the)g(pager.)20 b(Otherwise)c(the)g(rest)f(of)f -(the)i(en)o(try)f(is)f(meaningless,)1706 868 y Fp(25)1755 883 -y FD(as)h Fy(A)f FD(b)q(eing)150 933 y(0)f(do)q(es)h(not)f(necessarily)i -(mean)d(the)i(page)f(is)g(inaccessible)h(|)f(only)g(that)g(a)g(re\014ll)g(is) -g(required)i(to)e(determine)g(its)150 983 y(accessibilit)o(y)m(.)k(The)e -(prop)q(erties)g(represen)o(ted)i(b)o(y)c(1s)h(in)g(the)g(remaining)e(\\page) -i(use")g(bits)g(are)h(as)e(follo)o(ws.)322 1101 y Fy(Bit)492 -b(Me)n(aning)16 b(of)f(a)g(1)g(in)g(the)g(Bit)336 1169 y(P)64 -b FD(Public.)18 b(A)c(0)f(means)g(the)i(page)f(is)f(priv)n(ate.)331 -1237 y Fy(M)60 b FD(Mo)q(di\014ed)15 b(|)g(and)g(therefore)h(writable)f -(without)g(further)h(ado.)22 b(A)15 b(re\014ll)g(pro)q(duces)428 -1287 y(a)g(1)g(in)f(this)i(bit)e(if)h(the)h(page)f(has)g(already)g(b)q(een)h -(mo)q(di\014ed)e(or)h(the)h(reference)i(that)428 1336 y(caused)e(the)g -(re\014ll)f(is)f(for)h(write)h(and)e(the)i(page)f(is)g(writable.)21 -b(A)16 b(0)e(do)q(es)i(not)f(imply)428 1386 y(that)c(the)h(page)f(is)g -(write-protected,)j(but)d(simply)f(that)h(if)f(a)h(write)h(reference)i(o)q -(ccurs,)428 1436 y(the)i(pager)g(m)o(ust)f(\014nd)h(out)g(if)f(it)h(can)g(b)q -(e)g(written.)25 b(Throughout)16 b(this)g(discussion,)428 1486 -y(\\write)g(reference")j(means)d(an)o(y)f(reference)k(in)o(v)o(olving)14 -b(writing;)j(\\read)g(reference")428 1536 y(means)c(read)h(only)m(.)329 -1603 y Fy(W)58 b FD(W)m(ritable.)38 b(A)21 b(re\014ll)f(sets)j(this)e(bit)f -(if)g(the)i(page)f(is)f(writable)h(\(i.e.)39 b(not)21 b(write-)428 -1653 y(protected\).)335 1721 y Fy(C)63 b FD(Cac)o(heable.)18 -b(This)12 b(bit)f(has)i(an)e(e\013ect)j(only)e(if)f(cac)o(he)i(use)g(is)f -(enabled)g(as)h(the)f(curren)o(t)428 1771 y(cac)o(he)k(strategy)g(\()p -FB(x)q FD(4.1.2\).)k(In)c(this)f(case)h(a)f(1)h(in)e(the)i(cac)o(he)h(bit)e -(allo)o(ws)f(loading)f(of)428 1821 y(the)k(cac)o(he)g(for)e(the)i(ph)o -(ysical)f(page)g(when)h(referenced)h(as)e(this)h(particular)f(virtual)428 -1870 y(page,)d(whereas)i(a)f(0)g(limits)d(cac)o(he)k(use)g(to)e(lo)q(ok)g -(but)h(do)g(not)g(load.)150 1954 y(The)g(page)g(table)f(is)h(organized)g(for) -f(page)h(groups)f(in)h(a)f(manner)g(somewhat)g(analogous)f(to)h(the)i(w)o(a)o -(y)e(the)h(cac)o(he)150 2004 y(handles)f(w)o(ord)f(groups.)18 -b(A)12 b(page)h(group)f(is)g(four)g(consecutiv)o(ely)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)e -(pages)h(b)q(eginning)f(with)g(one)g(whose)150 2054 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(is)h -(a)g(m)o(ultiple)e(of)h(4.)18 b(Eac)o(h)12 b(page)g(group)g(consists)h(of)f -(those)g(pages)h(whose)f(mappings)f(are)h(con)o(tained)g(in)150 -2103 y(a)g(single)g(w)o(ord)h(group)f(in)g(the)h(page)f(map.)k(The)d(512)f -(lo)q(cations)g(in)g(the)h(page)f(table)g(are)h(con)o(tained)g(in)f(128)g -(lines,)150 2153 y(eac)o(h)g(of)f(four)h(lo)q(cations)f(for)g(holding)f(the)j -(mappings)d(for)h(the)h(four)f(pages)h(of)g(a)f(group.)17 b(The)12 -b(lines)g(are)g(iden)o(ti\014ed)150 2203 y(b)o(y)g(the)g(p)q(ossible)h(page)f -(group)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(in)h(a)g(section,)h(0{177,)d(and)i(the)h -(individual)d(lo)q(cations)h(are)i(accessed)h(b)o(y)150 2253 -y(means)d(of)g(the)i(virtual)e(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)h(0{177.)k(Eac)o(h)c -(lo)q(cation)f(has)h(a)f(parit)o(y)g(bit)h(and)g(the)g(complete)f(mapping)150 -2303 y(resulting)17 b(from)d(a)i(re\014ll,)h(including)e(the)i(ph)o(ysical)f -(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(and)g(the)h(\014v)o(e)g(page)f(use)h(bits.)26 -b(Asso)q(ciated)150 2353 y(with)15 b(eac)o(h)i(line)e(is)g(a)h(bit)f(that)h -(indicates)g(whether)h(or)e(not)h(the)g(line)g(is)f(v)n(alid,)f(a)i(bit)f -(that)h(indicates)g(whether)150 2402 y(the)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(page)e(group)g -(is)h(in)e(user)j(or)e(executiv)o(e)i(address)f(space,)g(and)f(\014v)o(e)h -(bits)f(that)h(iden)o(tify)e(the)i(section)p 150 2437 720 2 -v 181 2464 a Fo(24)214 2476 y Fn(In)e(the)g(engineering)d(dra)o(wings)j(and)g -(ev)o(en)f(in)i(some)e(Monitor)h(do)q(cumen)o(ts)o(,)f(the)h -Fh(M)18 b Fn(bit)12 b(is)g(lab)q(eled)f(\\writeable")g(and)g(the)h -Fh(W)150 2515 y Fn(bit)f(is)g(lab)q(eled)f(\\soft)o(w)o(are".)j(whic)o(h)e -(names)f(are)h(consisten)o(t)e(with)j(their)e(use)h(with)g(the)g(TOPS{10)g -(Monitor.)181 2543 y Fo(25)214 2555 y Fn(The)e(micro)q(co)q(de)d(in)o(v)n -(alidates)g(a)j(mapping)e(en)o(try)h(b)o(y)g(clearing)f(it,)i(but)g(clearing) -e(w)o(ould)h(not)h(b)q(e)f(su\016cien)o(t)g(w)o(ere)h(there)f(no)g(access)150 -2594 y(bit,)j(as)g(zero)g(is)g(a)g(legitimate)e(mapping.)p -eop -%%Page: 372 32 -372 31 bop 0 50 a FD(372)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(con)o(taining)f(the)h(page)g(group.)486 -180 y Fp(26)0 281 y FD(When)f(the)g(program)e(references)16 -b(a)c(page,)g(the)h(13{bit)f(ph)o(ysical)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(from)f(the)i -(mapping)e(for)h(that)g(page)h(is)0 330 y(used)e(as)f(the)h(left)e(thirteen)j -(bits)e(in)f(the)i(ph)o(ysical)e(address)j(for)d(the)i(reference)h(pro)o -(vided)e(all)f(necessary)j(conditions)0 380 y(are)j(satis\014ed.)21 -b(When)15 b(the)g(directory)h(indicates)f(the)g(appropriate)g(line)f(is)h(in) -o(v)n(alid)d(or)j(con)o(tains)f(mappings)f(for)0 430 y(a)j(di\013eren)o(t)h -(section)f(or)g(address)h(space,)g(the)g(pager)f(c)o(hanges)h(and)e(v)n -(alidates)h(the)g(directory)h(en)o(try)f(to)g(matc)o(h)0 480 -y(the)h(desired)g(reference)h(but)e(in)o(v)n(alidates)f(the)i(four)e(lo)q -(cations)h(in)f(the)i(line)f(b)o(y)f(clearing)h(their)h(access)g(bits.)25 -b(It)0 530 y(then)13 b(executes)h(a)e(re\014ll)g(to)g(get)h(the)g(needed)g -(mapping)d(in)o(to)i(the)h(table)f(and)g(tries)h(the)g(reference)h(again.)j -(If)12 b(there)0 580 y(is)j(already)g(an)h(appropriate)f(directory)h(en)o -(try)m(,)g(but)f(the)i(individual)c(mapping)g(is)i(in)o(v)n(alid)f(or)h(the)h -(reference)i(is)0 629 y(for)d(writing)g(and)g Fu(M)20 b FD(is)c(0,)f(the)h -(pager)g(do)q(es)g(a)f(re\014ll)h(to)f(get)h(a)f(v)n(alid)f(mapping)f(or)j(c) -o(hec)o(ks)h(whether)f(it)g(can)f(b)q(e)0 679 y(revised)g(to)f(allo)o(w)e -(the)i(desired)h(reference.)0 765 y(Note)d(that)f(all)f(the)i(mappings)d(in)i -(a)g(line)g(of)f(the)i(page)f(table)h(are)f(for)g(a)g(single)g(space,)h(user) -h(or)e(executiv)o(e,)h(and)f(for)0 815 y(a)h(single)g(section.)18 -b(Since)13 b(most)e(programs)g(are)h(written)h(b)q(eginning)f(at)g(page)g(0,) -g(a)f(mec)o(hanism)f(is)i(built)g(in)o(to)f(the)0 864 y(table)j(to)g(a)o(v)o -(oid)f(excessiv)o(e)j(re\014lls)e(due)g(to)g(switc)o(hing)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een) -i(user)f(and)f(executiv)o(e)h(and)f(among)e(sections.)20 b(In)0 -914 y(the)14 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(actually)e(used)j(to)e(select)i(lines)f(in) -f(the)h(table,)f(the)i(v)n(alue)e(of)g(address)i(bit)e(19)g(is)h(in)o(v)o -(erted)g(in)f(user)0 964 y(address)j(space,)f(and)f(the)i(v)n(alue)e(of)f -(address)j(bit)f(20)f(is)g(in)o(v)o(erted)h(in)f(an)g(o)q(dd)h(n)o(um)o(b)q -(ered)f(section.)21 b(F)m(or)14 b(a)g(giv)o(en)0 1014 y(page)i(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)g(this)g(causes)h(a)f(di\013erence)i(of)e(200)f(in)h(the)h(line)f -(selection)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(for)h(user)h(space)g(as)g(against)0 -1064 y(executiv)o(e)i(space,)g(and)e(a)h(di\013erence)h(of)e(100)g(for)g(an)g -(o)q(dd)h(section)g(as)g(against)f(an)g(ev)o(en)h(one.)30 b(Supp)q(ose)18 -b(the)0 1113 y(executiv)o(e)d(uses)h(pages)e(0{77)f(and)i(400{744)d(in)i -(section)h(1.)j(Then)d(if)e(the)i(user)h(is)e(limited)e(to)i(pages)g(0{277)f -(and)0 1163 y(400{677)d(in)i(an)o(y)g(ev)o(en)g(section,)h(no)f(con\015ict)g -(will)f(ev)o(er)i(o)q(ccur)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(them)d(in)h(the)g(page)g -(table.)18 b(In)12 b(general)g(a)0 1213 y(program)f(should)h(b)q(e)h -(organized)g(so)f(that)h(it)f(runs)h(in)f(a)g(single)g(section)i(or)e(in)g -(noncon\015icting)g(parts)h(of)f(di\013eren)o(t)0 1263 y(sections)g(for)f -(some)f(signi\014can)o(t)g(amoun)o(t)f(of)i(time.)k(Considerable)d(y)o(et)f -(una)o(v)o(oidable)e(switc)o(hing)i(among)e(sections)0 1313 -y(can)14 b(o)q(ccur)g(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)g(in)f(handling)f(large)h(data)g -(structures,)j(as)e(when)g(it)f(is)g(necessary)i(to)f(handle)f(the)h(elemen)o -(ts)0 1362 y(of)f(a)h(v)o(ery)g(large)g(arra)o(y)f(in)h(a)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(of)h(di\013eren)o(t)h(orders.)0 1502 y Fz(P)n(age)k(Re\014ll)0 -1587 y FD(The)c(re\014ll)g(of)f(a)g(mapping)f(in)o(to)h(the)h(page)g(table)f -(is)h(accomplished)f(b)o(y)g(ev)n(aluating)g(v)n(arious)g(t)o(yp)q(es)h(of)f -(p)q(oin)o(ters)0 1637 y(found)h(in)h(sev)o(eral)g(kinds)g(of)f(tables.)25 -b(A)o(t)16 b(some)f(p)q(oin)o(t)g(in)h(the)g(pro)q(cedure)i(the)f(micro)q(co) -q(de)e(m)o(ust)g(encoun)o(ter)i(a)0 1687 y(\\page)f(address")h(that)f(iden)o -(ti\014es)h(the)g(page)f(map)e(for)i(the)h(section,)g(and)f(it)g(m)o(ust)f -(end)i(with)f(a)g(page)g(address)0 1737 y(that)f(iden)o(ti\014es)h(the)g(ph)o -(ysical)f(page)g(corresp)q(onding)i(to)e(the)h(referenced)i(virtual)c(page.) -22 b(A)16 b(page)f(address)i(has)0 1786 y(this)d(format.)p -498 2035 997 2 v 498 1885 V 710 2064 a Fp(17)p 746 2034 2 150 -v -242 w(12)p 497 2034 V 555 1949 a FD(Storage)548 1998 y(Medium)917 -2064 y Fp(22)p 954 2034 V -200 w(18)p 746 2034 V 770 1974 a -FD(Reserv)o(ed)1457 2064 y Fp(35)p 1494 2034 V -532 w(23)p -954 2034 V 1101 1970 a FD(P)o(age)g(Num)o(b)q(er)0 2223 y(If)g(bits)g(12{17)f -(are)i(zero,)g(the)g(storage)f(medium)e(is)i(memory:)i(i.e.)j(bits)c(23{35)e -(supply)h(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(a)g(page)0 2273 y(that)h(is)h(in)f -(memory)m(.)k(If)c(bits)h(12{17)e(are)h(nonzero,)h(the)g(page)g(exists)g(but) -f(is)h(stored)g(on)f(some)g(other)h(medium)0 2323 y(|)e(p)q(erhaps)h(the)g -(disk)f(|)g(and)g(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)f(traps)h(to)f(the)h(Monitor.)k(A)c -(page)f(address)i(ma)o(y)c(b)q(e)j(con)o(tained)0 2373 y(in)e(a)g(p)q(oin)o -(ter,)g(in)f(whic)o(h)h(case)h(some)f(of)f(the)i(bits)f(at)g(its)g(left)g(ha) -o(v)o(e)g(de\014ned)h(uses.)19 b(But)14 b(when)g(the)g(page)f(address)0 -2423 y(stands)i(alone,)e(bits)g(0{11)g(of)h(the)g(w)o(ord)g(con)o(taining)f -(it)g(can)h(b)q(e)h(used)g(arbitrarily)d(b)o(y)i(the)h(soft)o(w)o(are.)0 -2508 y FA(Sp)q(ecial)c(T)l(ables.)17 b FD(Besides)c(the)f(section)g(tables)f -(in)g(the)h(pro)q(cess)h(tables,)e(a)g(re\014ll)g(mak)o(es)g(use)h(of)e(t)o -(w)o(o)h(prede\014ned)p 0 2543 720 2 v 31 2570 a Fo(26)64 2581 -y Fn(The)g(user)f(bits,)g(v)n(alidit)o(y)f(bits,)i(and)f(section)f(n)o(um)o -(b)q(ers)g(for)i(all)g(lines)f(collectiv)o(ely)e(constitute)g(the)j(page)f -(table)g(directory)m(.)i(The)0 2621 y(Monitor)e(in)o(v)n(alidates)f(the)i -(con)o(ten)o(ts)e(of)i(the)g(en)o(tire)f(table)g(b)o(y)h(setting)f(all)h(the) -g(v)n(alidit)o(y)e(bits)i(in)g(the)g(directory)m(.)p eop -%%Page: 373 33 -373 32 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(373)150 195 y(tables:)18 b(the)d(sp)q(ecial)f(page{address)g(table)g -(\(SPT\))g(and)g(the)g(\(core\))h(memory)d(status)i(table)g(\(CST\).)f(These) -j(are)150 245 y(soft)o(w)o(are{determined)g(tables)g(in)g(memory)m(,)d(but)k -(their)f(base)h(addresses)h(are)e(held)h(in)e(reserv)o(ed)j(fast)e(memory)150 -295 y(lo)q(cations,)d(rather)i(than)f(in)f(hardw)o(are)h(registers)i(lik)o(e) -d(those)h(of)g(the)g(pro)q(cess)i(tables.)1518 280 y Fp(27)150 -380 y FD(The)g(sp)q(ecial)g(page{address)h(table)e(con)o(tains)h(page)g -(addresses)h(that)f(sp)q(ecify)g(shared)h(pages)f(or)g(sp)q(ecial)g(pages)150 -430 y(\(e.g.)26 b(those)18 b(used)f(as)g(page)f(maps)g(or)g(other)i(soft)o(w) -o(are{de\014ned)f(tables\).)27 b(The)17 b(micro)q(co)q(de)f(accesses)j(sp)q -(eci\014c)150 480 y(en)o(tries)c(in)f(the)h(SPT)f(b)o(y)g(indexing)g(on)g(a)g -(ph)o(ysical)f(base)i(address)h(\(bits)e(14{35\))f(con)o(tained)h(in)g(A)o(C) -g(3,)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(6.)150 530 y(The)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(format)d(pro)o(vides) -i(for)g(an)g(index)g(of)f(eigh)o(teen)i(bits,)f(so)g(the)h(SPT)f(can)g -(actually)f(b)q(e)i(as)f(large)g(as)150 580 y(256K)d(\(and)h(it)g(need)h(not) -e(start)i(on)f(a)f(page)h(b)q(oundary\).)150 665 y(Information)f(ab)q(out)i -(the)h(use)h(made)d(b)o(y)h(programs)f(of)h(the)h(v)n(arious)f(ph)o(ysical)g -(pages)g(is)h(k)o(ept)f(in)g(the)h(memory)150 715 y(status)g(table.)21 -b(In)15 b(ev)o(ery)h(re\014ll,)e(unless)i(the)g(base)f(address)i(is)d(zero)i -(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)e(up)q(dates)i(CST)f(en)o(tries)h(for)150 -765 y(b)q(oth)g(the)g(page)g(con)o(taining)f(the)h(page)g(map)e(and)h(the)i -(page)e(referenced)k(b)o(y)c(the)h(program.)22 b(The)17 b(en)o(try)f(for)f(a) -150 815 y(page)10 b(is)h(a)f(full)f(w)o(ord,)i(and)f(is)h(accessed)i(b)o(y)d -(adding)g(the)h(page)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(to)g(a)h(nonzero)g(base)g(address)h -(con)o(tained)e(in)150 864 y(A)o(C)i(2,)f(blo)q(c)o(k)g(6.)17 -b(If)12 b(memory)d(is)i(fully)g(implem)o(en)o(ted)f(at)i(8192)e(pages,)i(the) -h(CST)e(o)q(ccupies)i(sixteen)g(of)e(them,)g(but)150 914 y(need)k(not)f(b)q -(egin)g(on)g(a)g(page)g(b)q(oundary)m(.)19 b(Note)14 b(that)g(the)h(micro)q -(co)q(de)f(do)q(es)h(not)f(manipulate)e(CST)i(en)o(tries)h(for)150 -964 y(the)f(pro)q(cess)i(tables,)d(the)i(SPT,)e(nor)h(the)g(CST)g(itself,)f -(unless)h(they)h(are)f(actually)f(referenced)j(b)o(y)d(the)i(program)150 -1014 y(|)e(in)h(other)g(w)o(ords,)g(unless)h(the)f(re\014ll)g(is)g(b)q(eing)f -(p)q(erformed)h(for)f(a)h(program)e(reference)17 b(to)c(one)i(of)e(the)h -(tables.)150 1099 y(The)g(status)h(of)e(a)h(ph)o(ysical)f(page)h(in)g(memory) -d(is)j(indicated)g(b)o(y)f(a)h(CST)g(en)o(try)g(in)g(this)g(format.)p -150 1248 1495 2 v 149 1247 2 75 v 150 1173 1495 2 v 1644 1247 -2 75 v 274 1259 2 13 v 398 1259 V 523 1259 V 647 1259 V 772 -1259 V 896 1268 2 21 v 1021 1259 2 13 v 1145 1259 V 1270 1259 -V 1394 1259 V 1519 1259 V 495 1277 a Fp(8)p 523 1247 2 75 v --350 w(0)p 149 1247 V 236 1224 a FD(State)g(Co)q(de)1566 1277 -y Fp(34)p 1602 1247 V -1064 w(9)p 523 1247 V 982 1224 a FD(Reserv)o(ed)1607 -1277 y Fp(35)p 1644 1247 V -34 w(35)p 1602 1247 V 1601 1224 -a Fy(M)150 1399 y FD(The)f(Monitor)e(k)o(eeps)j(a)d(state)i(co)q(de)g(in)f -(bits)g(0{8)g(of)f(the)i(en)o(try;)g(within)e(the)i(co)q(de,)g(bits)f(0{5)g -(represen)o(t)i(the)f(page)150 1449 y(age,)g(whic)o(h)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h -(nonzero)h(for)f(the)g(page)g(to)g(b)q(e)h(usable,)f(whether)h(it)f(is)g(the) -g(program{referenced)h(page)f(or)150 1499 y(the)g(page)g(map.)j(Bits)d(0{5)f -(b)q(eing)g(zero)i(causes)g(an)e(age)h(trap)f(to)h(the)g(Monitor.)1404 -1483 y Fp(28)1456 1499 y FD(The)h(micro)q(co)q(de)e(up)q(dates)h(the)150 -1548 y(en)o(try)j(b)o(y)e(anding)h(a)f(CST)h(mask)f(w)o(ord)h(in)o(to)f(it)h -(and)g(oring)f(a)h(CST)g(data)g(w)o(ord)f(in)o(to)h(that)g(result.)22 -b(These)16 b(t)o(w)o(o)150 1598 y(w)o(ords)f(are)g(held)f(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely) -i(in)e(A)o(C)g(0)g(and)h(A)o(C)f(1,)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(6.)20 b(Bits)14 -b(32{35)g(in)g(them)f(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)h(all)e(is)h(or)h(all)e(0s)150 -1648 y(as)h(illustrated)g(in)f(order)i(to)e(preserv)o(e)j(hardw)o(are)f -(information.)p 150 1821 1495 2 v 149 1820 2 75 v 150 1747 -1495 2 v 1644 1820 2 75 v 274 1833 2 13 v 398 1833 V 523 1833 -V 647 1833 V 772 1833 V 896 1841 2 21 v 1021 1833 2 13 v 1145 -1833 V 1270 1833 V 1394 1833 V 1519 1833 V 1441 1851 a Fp(31)p -1478 1820 2 75 v -1313 w(0)p 149 1820 V 766 1798 a FD(Mask)1607 -1851 y Fp(35)p 1644 1820 V -158 w(32)p 1478 1820 V 1489 1797 -a FD(1)20 b(1)h(1)f(1)744 1910 y(CST)14 b(Mask)f(W)m(ord)p -150 2131 1495 2 v 149 2130 2 75 v 150 2056 1495 2 v 1644 2130 -2 75 v 274 2143 2 13 v 398 2143 V 523 2143 V 647 2143 V 772 -2143 V 896 2151 2 21 v 1021 2143 2 13 v 1145 2143 V 1270 2143 -V 1394 2143 V 1519 2143 V 1441 2160 a Fp(31)p 1478 2130 2 75 -v -1313 w(0)p 149 2130 V 769 2107 a FD(Data)1607 2160 y Fp(35)p -1644 2130 V -158 w(32)p 1478 2130 V 1489 2106 a FD(0)20 b(0)h(0)f(0)748 -2219 y(CST)13 b(Data)h(W)m(ord)150 2361 y(A)j(1)g(in)g(the)g -Fy(M)25 b FD(bit)16 b(indicates)i(the)g(page)f(has)g(b)q(een)h(mo)q(di\014ed) -e(since)i(b)q(eing)f(brough)o(t)g(in)o(to)g(memory)m(.)1818 -2346 y Fp(29)1879 2361 y FD(The)p 150 2393 720 2 v 181 2419 -a Fo(27)214 2431 y Fn(Remem)o(b)q(er)7 b(that)i(all)h(memory)e(tables)h -(de\014ned)g(b)o(y)g(the)h(pager)f(are)g(in)h(ph)o(ysical)e(address)h(space,) -g(i.e.)15 b(they)9 b(ha)o(v)o(e)g(ph)o(ysical)f(base)150 2471 -y(addresses.)15 b(Of)e(course,)d(to)i(load)f(or)h(access)f(a)h(table,)f(the)g -(Monitor)g(m)o(ust)g(use)h(paged)e(virtual)h(addresses.)k(Note)d(that)f(if)h -(the)f(base)150 2510 y(address)f(is)h(limited)f(to)h(a)g(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)e(\(bits)i(14{26\),)e(the)i(table)f(m)o(ust)h(b)q(egin)f(at)h(a)g(page)g -(b)q(oundary)m(.)181 2538 y Fo(28)214 2550 y Fn(Zero)f(age)g(usually)g(means) -g(the)h(page)f(is)h(b)q(eing)f(sw)o(app)q(ed)g(in)h(and)g(is)g(not)g(y)o(et)f -(a)o(v)n(ailable)f(for)i(reference.)i(The)e(Monitor)f(can)h(use)150 -2589 y(part)f(of)i(a)f(CST)h(en)o(try)f(to)g(record)f(whic)o(h)h(pro)q -(cesses)e(use)i(the)g(page.)181 2617 y Fo(29)214 2629 y Fn(A)o(t)i(the)f -(completion)d(of)k(a)f(pro)q(cess,)g(the)g(Monitor)f(c)o(hec)o(ks)g(the)h -(CST)i(to)e(determine)e(whic)o(h)i(pages)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)h(mo)q -(di\014ed)e(and)p eop -%%Page: 374 34 -374 33 bop 0 50 a FD(374)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(micro)q(co)q(de)h(sets)h(this)f(bit)g(in)f(the)i -(en)o(try)g(for)e(the)i(referenced)h(page)e(|)g(not)g(that)g(for)g(the)g -(page)g(map)f(|)g(if)g(the)0 245 y(reference)i(is)e(write)g(and)g(the)g(page) -g(is)g(writable.)0 330 y(Indirect)g(p)q(oin)o(ters)f(mak)o(e)f(use)h(of)g -(tables)g(whose)g(lo)q(cations)f(are)i(de\014ned)g(en)o(tirely)f(b)o(y)f(the) -i(Monitor.)j(In)c(a)f(single)0 380 y(re\014ll,)g(these)h(ma)o(y)d(include)i -(one)h(or)f(more)f(secondary)i(section)f(tables)h(or)f(page)g(maps.)k(Eac)o -(h)c(suc)o(h)h(table)f(or)g(map)0 430 y(is)h(determined)g(b)o(y)g(a)f(page)h -(address)i(and)d(a)h(9{bit)f(index,)h(and)g(is)g(therefore)h(a)f(single)g -(page.)k(Memory)12 b(status)i(is)0 480 y(k)o(ept)g(only)f(for)h(the)g(page)g -(maps.)0 565 y FA(P)o(oin)o(ters.)i FD(The)e(micro)q(co)q(de)g(ev)n(aluates)g -(t)o(w)o(o)g(kinds)g(of)f(p)q(oin)o(ters:)19 b(section)c(p)q(oin)o(ters)g -(and)f(map)e(p)q(oin)o(ters.)20 b(The)0 615 y(former)c(are)i(used)g(in)e -(section)i(tables)g(and)f(the)g(latter)h(in)e(page)i(maps.)26 -b(Mem)o(b)q(ers)17 b(of)g(these)h(t)o(w)o(o)f(classes)i(are)0 -665 y(iden)o(tical)c(in)g(form)f(but)h(di\013er)h(enough)g(in)f(function)g -(so)h(they)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(treated)g(separately)m(.)24 -b(There)16 b(are)g(four)0 715 y(t)o(yp)q(es)d(of)f(section)h(and)f(map)f(p)q -(oin)o(ters)i(distinguished)f(b)o(y)g(a)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(co)q(de)g(in)f(bits)g -(0{2;)g(of)f(these,)j(three)f(are)g(access)0 765 y(p)q(oin)o(ters,)g(i.e.)k -(they)d(allo)o(w)d(access)k(to)e(the)g(giv)o(en)g(section)h(or)e(page.)18 -b(An)13 b(access)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)e(has)g(this)g(format)e(in)i(its)0 -815 y(left)h(sev)o(en)h(bits.)p 602 980 291 2 v 601 979 2 75 -v 892 979 V 602 905 291 2 v 697 1009 a Fp(2)p 726 979 2 75 -v -100 w(0)p 601 979 V 622 952 a Fy(T)m(yp)n(e)739 1009 y Fp(3)p -767 979 V -17 w(3)p 726 979 V 729 956 a Fy(P)780 1009 y Fp(4)p -809 979 V -17 w(4)p 767 979 V 764 956 a Fy(W)863 1009 y Fp(6)p -892 979 V -17 w(6)p 850 979 V 853 956 a Fy(C)0 1168 y FD(Ev)o(ery)f(access)h -(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(m)o(ust)e(ha)o(v)o(e)i(use)g(bits)g(for)f(the)h(section)g -(or)f(page)h(it)f(represen)o(ts.)20 b(These)15 b(bits,)e Fu(P)6 -b FD(,)13 b Fu(W)19 b FD(and)0 1218 y Fu(C)s FD(,)12 b(indicate)h(whether)i -(the)e(section)h(or)f(page)g(is)g(public,)f(writable)h(or)f(cac)o(heable.)19 -b(Throughout)13 b(the)g(ev)n(aluation)0 1268 y(pro)q(cedure)j(the)e(micro)q -(co)q(de)f(e\013ectiv)o(ely)i(ands)f(these)h(bits)f(from)e(one)i(p)q(oin)o -(ter)g(to)g(the)g(next,)g(so)g(the)g(\014nal)f(result)0 1318 -y(requires)19 b(that)e(the)h(giv)o(en)f(c)o(haracteristics)i(b)q(e)e(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(at)e(ev)o(ery)h(step.)30 b(In)17 b(other)h(w)o(ords)f(if)g -Fu(P)22 b FD(is)c(1)f(in)f(the)0 1368 y(\014nal)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(for)g(the)g -(mapping,)e(the)i(page)g(is)g(public)f(pro)o(vided)h(the)h(en)o(tire)f -(section)h(w)o(as)e(also)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(as)0 1417 y(public)e(b)o(y)g(the) -i(original)c(section)j(p)q(oin)o(ter,)g(and)g(\\publicness")g(has)f(b)q(een)i -(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)e(ev)o(ery)i(other)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)0 -1467 y(encoun)o(tered)h(along)c(the)i(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)22 b(Ev)o(ery)16 -b(access)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(m)o(ust)f(also)g(either)h(con)o(tain)f(a)h(page)f -(address)i(or)e(p)q(oin)o(t)0 1517 y(to)f(an)f(SPT)i(lo)q(cation)d(that)i -(con)o(tains)g(a)g(page)g(address.)0 1603 y Fy(Se)n(ction)h(Pointers.)j -FD(En)o(tries)d(in)e(a)h(section)h(table)e(are)i(of)e(these)i(four)f(t)o(yp)q -(es.)1214 1587 y Fp(30)p 249 1880 1495 2 v 248 1879 2 150 v -249 1730 1495 2 v 1743 1879 2 150 v 373 1891 2 13 v 497 1891 -V 622 1891 V 746 1891 V 871 1891 V 995 1900 2 21 v 1120 1891 -2 13 v 1244 1891 V 1369 1891 V 1494 1891 V 1618 1891 V 345 -1909 a(2)p 373 1879 2 150 v -100 w(0)p 248 1879 V 302 1816 -a FC(0)1706 1909 y Fp(35)p 1743 1879 V -1354 w(3)p 373 1879 -V 882 1813 a Ff(A)o(vailable)d(to)i(Softwar)n(e)0 1818 y Fy(No)i(A)n(c)n(c)n -(ess)0 2027 y FD(The)f(section)h(is)f(inaccessible.)0 2235 -y Fy(Imme)n(diate)p 249 2296 1495 2 v 248 2295 2 150 v 249 -2146 1495 2 v 1743 2295 2 150 v 373 2307 2 13 v 497 2307 V -622 2307 V 746 2307 V 871 2307 V 995 2316 2 21 v 1120 2307 -2 13 v 1244 2307 V 1369 2307 V 1494 2307 V 1618 2307 V 345 -2325 a Fp(2)p 373 2295 2 150 v -100 w(0)p 248 2295 V 302 2232 -a FC(1)386 2325 y Fp(3)p 414 2295 V -17 w(3)p 373 2295 V 377 -2233 a Ff(P)428 2325 y Fp(4)p 456 2295 V -17 w(4)p 414 2295 -V 413 2233 a Ff(W)511 2325 y Fp(6)p 539 2295 V -17 w(6)p 497 -2295 V 501 2233 a Ff(C)710 2325 y Fp(11)p 746 2295 V -192 w(7)p -539 2295 V 568 2233 a FC(Reserv)o(ed)959 2325 y Fp(17)p 995 -2295 V -242 w(12)p 746 2295 V 806 2210 a Ff(Stor)n(age)801 -2256 y(Me)n(dium)1167 2325 y Fp(22)p 1203 2295 V -201 w(18)p -995 2295 V 1025 2233 a FC(Reserv)o(ed)1706 2325 y Fp(35)p 1743 -2295 V -532 w(23)p 1203 2295 V 1357 2207 a Ff(Page)f(Numb)n(er)1358 -2252 y(Of)h(Page)e(Map)0 2443 y FD(If)h(bits)g(12{17)f(are)i(zero,)g(the)g -(page)f(map)f(is)h(in)g(the)h(page)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(bits)g(23{35.)k -(Otherwise)d(the)g(page)g(map)0 2493 y(is)g(not)g(in)f(memory)p -0 2527 720 2 v 0 2566 a Fn(m)o(ust)d(b)q(e)h(rewritten)f(on)h(the)g(disk.)31 -2593 y Fo(30)64 2605 y Fn(Co)q(des)g(4{7)f(are)h(unde\014ned.)p -eop -%%Page: 375 35 -375 34 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(375)150 195 y(An)14 b(immediate)d(p)q(oin)o(ter)j(con)o(tains)g(the)g -(page)g(address)h(of)f(the)g(page)g(map.)p 399 472 1495 2 v -398 471 2 150 v 399 323 1495 2 v 1893 471 2 150 v 523 484 2 -13 v 647 484 V 772 484 V 896 484 V 1021 484 V 1145 492 2 21 -v 1270 484 2 13 v 1394 484 V 1519 484 V 1644 484 V 1768 484 -V 495 501 a Fp(2)p 523 471 2 150 v -100 w(0)p 398 471 V 452 -409 a FC(2)536 501 y Fp(3)p 564 471 V -17 w(3)p 523 471 V 527 -409 a Ff(P)578 501 y Fp(4)p 606 471 V -17 w(4)p 564 471 V 563 -409 a Ff(W)661 501 y Fp(6)p 689 471 V -17 w(6)p 647 471 V 651 -409 a Ff(C)1109 501 y Fp(17)p 1145 471 V -441 w(7)p 689 471 -V 843 410 a FC(Reserv)o(ed)1856 501 y Fp(35)p 1893 471 V -740 -w(18)p 1145 471 V 1242 383 a Ff(Index)e(to)h(SPT)h(lo)n(c)n(ation)d(c)n -(ontaining)1295 429 y(Page)h(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(of)h(Page)g(Map)150 -411 y Fy(Shar)n(e)n(d)150 619 y FD(The)h(page)g(address)h(of)f(the)g(page)g -(map)e(is)i(in)f(the)i(SPT)f(at)g(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y) -d(bits)h(18-35.)150 705 y(This)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(is)f(used)i(for)e(a)g(page)g -(map)f(shared)i(b)o(y)g(a)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(pro)q(cesses.)29 -b(Switc)o(hing)15 b(to)i(another)g(map)150 755 y(requires)e(c)o(hanging)e -(only)g(the)i(common)c(SPT)j(en)o(try)m(.)p 399 1032 1495 2 -v 398 1031 2 150 v 399 882 1495 2 v 1893 1031 2 150 v 523 1043 -2 13 v 647 1043 V 772 1043 V 896 1043 V 1021 1043 V 1145 1052 -2 21 v 1270 1043 2 13 v 1394 1043 V 1519 1043 V 1644 1043 V -1768 1043 V 495 1061 a Fp(2)p 523 1031 2 150 v -100 w(0)p 398 -1031 V 451 970 a FD(3)536 1061 y Fp(3)p 564 1031 V -17 w(3)p -523 1031 V 526 970 a Fy(P)578 1061 y Fp(4)p 606 1031 V -17 -w(4)p 564 1031 V 561 970 a Fy(W)661 1061 y Fp(6)p 689 1031 -V -17 w(6)p 647 1031 V 650 970 a Fy(C)1109 1061 y Fp(17)p 1145 -1031 V -358 w(9)p 772 1031 V 839 950 a Fy(Se)n(ction)h(T)m(able)910 -991 y(Index)1856 1061 y Fp(35)p 1893 1031 V -740 w(18)p 1145 -1031 V 1173 942 a Fy(Index)g(to)g(SPT)g(lo)n(c)n(ation)g(c)n(ontaining)h(p)n -(age)1221 991 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(of)f(another)i(Se)n(ction)f(T)m(able)150 -971 y(Indir)n(e)n(ct)150 1179 y FD(In)h(the)g(SPT)g(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d(bits)h(18{35)f(is)g(the)i(page)f(address)h(of)e(a)g -(secondary)i(section)g(table.)24 b(The)150 1228 y(next)14 b(section)h(p)q -(oin)o(ter)f(to)g(b)q(e)g(ev)n(aluated)g(is)g(in)f(that)h(table)g(at)g(the)g -(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f(bits)g(9{17)150 1314 -y(Indirect)19 b(p)q(oin)o(ters)g(are)f(used)h(for)f(Monitor)f(reference)k(to) -d(p)q(er{job)g(and)g(p)q(er{pro)q(cess)j(areas.)31 b(The)18 -b(p)q(oin)o(ters)150 1364 y(remain)g(while)h(the)h(second)h(section)f(table)g -(is)f(sw)o(app)q(ed)h(with)g(the)g(job)f(or)g(pro)q(cess,)j(or)e(the)g(SPT)g -(en)o(try)g(is)150 1414 y(c)o(hanged.)150 1499 y Fy(Map)c(Pointers)p -FD(.)h(En)o(tries)e(in)e(a)h(page)g(map)e(are)i(of)g(these)h(four)f(t)o(yp)q -(es.)1259 1484 y Fp(30)p 399 1776 1495 2 v 398 1776 2 150 v -399 1627 1495 2 v 1893 1776 2 150 v 523 1788 2 13 v 647 1788 -V 772 1788 V 896 1788 V 1021 1788 V 1145 1796 2 21 v 1270 1788 -2 13 v 1394 1788 V 1519 1788 V 1644 1788 V 1768 1788 V 495 -1806 a(2)p 523 1776 2 150 v -100 w(0)p 398 1776 V 452 1713 -a FC(0)1856 1806 y Fp(35)p 1893 1776 V -1354 w(3)p 523 1776 -V 1032 1710 a Ff(A)o(vailable)d(to)i(Softwar)n(e)150 1715 y -Fy(No)i(A)n(c)n(c)n(ess)150 1923 y FD(The)f(page)g(is)g(inaccessible.)150 -2139 y Fy(Imme)n(diate)p 399 2200 1495 2 v 398 2200 2 150 v -399 2051 1495 2 v 1893 2200 2 150 v 523 2212 2 13 v 647 2212 -V 772 2212 V 896 2212 V 1021 2212 V 1145 2220 2 21 v 1270 2212 -2 13 v 1394 2212 V 1519 2212 V 1644 2212 V 1768 2212 V 495 -2230 a Fp(2)p 523 2200 2 150 v -100 w(0)p 398 2200 V 452 2137 -a FC(1)536 2230 y Fp(3)p 564 2200 V -17 w(3)p 523 2200 V 527 -2138 a Ff(P)578 2230 y Fp(4)p 606 2200 V -17 w(4)p 564 2200 -V 563 2138 a Ff(W)661 2230 y Fp(6)p 689 2200 V -17 w(6)p 647 -2200 V 651 2138 a Ff(C)860 2230 y Fp(11)p 896 2200 V -192 w(7)p -689 2200 V 718 2138 a FC(Reserv)o(ed)1109 2230 y Fp(17)p 1145 -2200 V -242 w(12)p 896 2200 V 956 2115 a Ff(Stor)n(age)951 -2160 y(Me)n(dium)1317 2230 y Fp(22)p 1353 2200 V -201 w(18)p -1145 2200 V 1175 2138 a FC(Reserv)o(ed)1856 2230 y Fp(35)p -1893 2200 V -532 w(23)p 1353 2200 V 1507 2112 a Ff(Page)f(Numb)n(er)1512 -2157 y(F)m(or)g(Mapping)150 2347 y FD(If)f(bits)g(12{17)f(are)h(zero,)h(the)g -(ph)o(ysical)e(page)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(bits)g(23{35)f(corresp)q(onds) -j(to)e(the)g(referenced)j(virtual)150 2397 y(page.)j(Otherwise)d(the)g -(referenced)h(page)e(is)g(not)g(in)f(memory)m(.)150 2483 y(An)h(immediate)d -(p)q(oin)o(ter)j(con)o(tains)g(the)g(page)g(address)h(for)f(the)g(mapping.)p -eop -%%Page: 376 36 -376 35 bop 0 50 a FD(376)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)p 249 383 1495 2 v 248 382 2 150 v 249 233 -1495 2 v 1743 382 2 150 v 373 394 2 13 v 497 394 V 622 394 -V 746 394 V 871 394 V 995 403 2 21 v 1120 394 2 13 v 1244 394 -V 1369 394 V 1494 394 V 1618 394 V 345 412 a Fp(2)p 373 382 -2 150 v -100 w(0)p 248 382 V 302 319 a FC(2)386 412 y Fp(3)p -414 382 V -17 w(3)p 373 382 V 377 320 a Ff(P)428 412 y Fp(4)p -456 382 V -17 w(4)p 414 382 V 413 320 a Ff(W)511 412 y Fp(6)p -539 382 V -17 w(6)p 497 382 V 501 320 a Ff(C)959 412 y Fp(17)p -995 382 V -441 w(7)p 539 382 V 693 320 a FC(Reserv)o(ed)1706 -412 y Fp(35)p 1743 382 V -740 w(18)p 995 382 V 1092 294 a Ff(Index)e(to)h -(SPT)h(lo)n(c)n(ation)d(c)n(ontaining)1148 339 y(Page)i(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(for)h -(Mapping)0 322 y Fy(Shar)n(e)n(d)0 530 y FD(The)19 b(page)f(address)i(for)e -(the)h(mapping)d(for)i(the)h(referenced)i(virtual)c(page)i(is)f(in)g(the)h -(SPT)g(at)f(the)h(lo)q(cation)0 580 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)c(b)o(y)f(bits)g(18{35.) -0 665 y(This)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(is)f(used)i(for)e(a)g(ph)o(ysical)g(page)h -(referenced)i(as)d(di\013eren)o(t)i(virtual)d(pages)i(b)o(y)f(di\013eren)o(t) -i(programs.)0 715 y(The)e(Monitor)g(can)g(mo)o(v)o(e)e(the)j(page)e(simply)f -(b)o(y)i(c)o(hanging)f(the)i(SPT)f(en)o(try)m(.)p 249 992 1495 -2 v 248 991 2 150 v 249 843 1495 2 v 1743 991 2 150 v 373 1004 -2 13 v 497 1004 V 622 1004 V 746 1004 V 871 1004 V 995 1012 -2 21 v 1120 1004 2 13 v 1244 1004 V 1369 1004 V 1494 1004 V -1618 1004 V 345 1021 a Fp(2)p 373 991 2 150 v -100 w(0)p 248 -991 V 301 930 a FD(3)386 1021 y Fp(3)p 414 991 V -17 w(3)p -373 991 V 376 931 a Fy(P)428 1021 y Fp(4)p 456 991 V -17 w(4)p -414 991 V 411 931 a Fy(W)511 1021 y Fp(6)p 539 991 V -17 w(6)p -497 991 V 500 931 a Fy(C)959 1021 y Fp(17)p 995 991 V -358 -w(9)p 622 991 V 718 906 a Fy(Page)i(Map)760 955 y(Index)1706 -1021 y Fp(35)p 1743 991 V -740 w(18)p 995 991 V 1023 902 a -Fy(Index)f(to)g(SPT)g(lo)n(c)n(ation)g(c)n(ontaining)h(p)n(age)1101 -952 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(of)f(another)i(Page)f(Map)0 931 y(Indir)n(e)n(ct)0 -1139 y FD(In)f(the)g(SPT)g(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(bits)h -(18{35)f(is)g(the)h(page)g(address)h(of)e(a)h(secondary)g(page)g(map.)i(The)e -(next)0 1189 y(map)e(p)q(oin)o(ter)i(to)g(b)q(e)h(ev)n(aluated)e(is)h(in)f -(that)h(map)f(at)g(the)i(lo)q(cation)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f(bits)g(9{17.) -765 1307 y Fz(CA)n(UTION)104 1398 y FD(Indirect)h(page)e(p)q(oin)o(ters)i -(cannot)f(b)q(e)g(used)h(for)f(references)i(made)d(b)o(y)h(in)o(terrupt)g -(instructions.)0 1552 y FA(Re\014ll)f(Pro)q(cedure.)j FD(If)d(the)g(page)g -(table)g(lac)o(ks)g(a)f(v)n(alid)g(mapping)e(for)j(a)g(reference,)i(the)e -(pager)g(m)o(ust)f(ev)n(aluate)0 1602 y(section)17 b(and)g(map)d(p)q(oin)o -(ters)k(to)e(get)h(the)g(desired)g(mapping.)24 b(The)17 b(pro)q(cedure)h(b)q -(egins)f(with)f(the)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)e(for)0 1652 y(the)h(section)f(from)f -(the)h(pro)q(cess)i(table,)e(and)g(the)g(pager)h(follo)o(ws)d(the)j(trail)e -(laid)g(b)o(y)g(the)i(v)n(arious)e(p)q(oin)o(ters,)i(as)0 1702 -y(illustrated)11 b(in)g(Figure)h(4.6.)k(A)o(t)11 b(an)o(y)g(step)i(the)f -(micro)q(co)q(de)f(traps)g(to)h(the)g(Monitor)f(if)f(it)h(encoun)o(ters)i(a)f -(no{access)0 1751 y(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(or)h(a)e(page)i(address)g(that)f -(indicates)h(the)f(page)h(is)f(not)g(in)f(memory)m(.)j(The)f(\014rst)g(part)f -(of)g(the)h(pro)q(cedure,)0 1801 y(whic)o(h)f(ma)o(y)f(go)g(to)h(the)h(SPT)g -(or)f(indirectly)g(through)h(it)f(to)g(other)h(section)g(tables,)f(ev)n -(aluates)g(section)h(p)q(oin)o(ters)0 1851 y(to)g(arriv)o(e)f(at)h(the)g -(page)g(address)h(of)e(the)h(page)g(map.)i(Using)e(this)f(ph)o(ysical)h(page) -f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(as)h(the)g(left)g(thirteen)0 1901 y(bits)h(of)f(an)h -(address)h(and)f(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(the)i(referenced)h(virtual)d -(page)h(as)g(the)g(righ)o(t)g(nine)g(bits,)f(the)i(second)0 -1951 y(part)f(of)g(the)h(pro)q(cedure)h(retriev)o(es)g(a)e(map)f(p)q(oin)o -(ter)h(and)g(ev)n(aluates)h(it.)21 b(This)16 b(part)f(ma)o(y)e(also)i(go)g -(to)g(the)h(SPT)0 2000 y(or)e(indirectly)g(through)g(it)g(to)g(other)h(page)f -(maps)f(to)h(arriv)o(e)g(at)g(a)g(page)g(address)h(for)f(the)h(mapping.)h -(Unless)f(an)0 2050 y(age)g(trap)h(in)o(terv)o(enes,)g(or)g(the)f(CST)h(base) -g(register)g(is)f(zero,)h(memory)d(status)j(is)g(up)q(dated)g(along)e(the)i -(w)o(a)o(y)e(for)0 2100 y(an)o(y)f(page)h(maps)e(used.)19 b(If)14 -b(the)g(reference)i(can)e(b)q(e)h(made)d(and)i(there)h(is)e(no)h(age)g(trap)f -(for)h(the)g(referenced)i(page,)0 2150 y(its)h(status)i(is)e(up)q(dated)h -(including)e(setting)i(the)g Fu(M)k FD(bit)17 b(if)g(the)h(program)e(is)h -(writing.)28 b(The)17 b(micro)q(co)q(de)g(then)0 2200 y(constructs)f(the)e -(desired)h(mapping,)d(places)i(it)g(in)f(the)h(page)g(table,)g(and)f(returns) -j(to)e(the)g(w)o(aiting)e(reference.)0 2285 y(The)17 b(mapping)d(data)i(is)g -(constructed)i(from)c(the)j(result)g(of)f(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(ev)n -(aluation,)f(including)g(the)i(running)0 2335 y(ev)n(aluation)d(of)i(the)g -(use)h(bits,)e(and)h(has)g(the)g(format)e(illustrated)i(in)f(the)h -(discussion)h(of)e(the)h(page)g(table.)24 b(The)0 2385 y(micro)q(co)q(de)15 -b(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(places)i(a)f(1)g(in)g(the)h Fy(A)g FD(bit)f(to)g(indicate)g -(that)h(the)g(virtual)e(page)h(is)h(accessible)g(and)g(this)f(is)0 -2435 y(a)h(v)n(alid)e(mapping)g(for)h(it.)24 b Fy(P)d FD(and)16 -b Fy(C)21 b FD(are)c(simply)c(the)k(result)g(of)e(anding)g(the)i -Fy(P)j FD(and)c Fy(C)22 b FD(bits)16 b(of)f(the)i(v)n(arious)0 -2484 y(p)q(oin)o(ters.)23 b Fy(M)f FD(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)15 b(is)g(not.)22 -b(A)16 b(re\014ll)f(sets)h(up)g Fy(M)22 b FD(and)15 b Fy(W)23 -b FD(according)15 b(to)g(the)h(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f(reference)i(and)e(the)0 -2534 y(c)o(haracteristics)h(of)d(the)h(referenced)j(page.)p -eop -%%Page: 377 37 -377 36 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(377)233 160 y Fz(Figure)18 b(4.6:)24 b(TOPS{20)19 b(P)n(aging)g(P)n(oin) -n(ter)g(Ev)m(aluation)f(\(Extended)f(KL10\))1452 2617 y Fq(HRMF-KL)m -(TWENPPE.TEX)p 688 313 211 2 v 688 2223 2 1910 v 897 2223 V -688 2225 211 2 v 759 304 a Fn(SPT)p 231 292 V 231 334 2 42 -v 303 323 a Fp(Base)p 441 334 V 231 336 211 2 v 441 315 250 -2 v 648 314 a Fl(-)239 368 y Fp(A)o(C)11 b(3)f(Blo)q(c)o(k)i(6)p -231 832 211 2 v 231 1413 2 582 v 441 1413 V 231 1415 211 2 -v 237 748 a(Pro)q(cess)f(T)m(able)266 781 y(Executiv)o(e)284 -813 y(or)f(User)284 980 y(Section)297 1013 y(T)m(able)461 1148 -y(Shared)461 1185 y(Section)461 1223 y(P)o(oin)o(ters)278 1198 -y(Sections)248 1231 y(2{37)f(un)o(used)p 233 1091 208 2 v 233 -1049 V 235 1079 a(2)p 253 1090 2 42 v 315 1090 V 86 w(Index)-246 -b(540)p 233 1132 208 2 v 233 1091 V 235 1120 a(2)p 253 1132 -2 42 v 315 1132 V 338 1121 a(Index)172 1120 y(541)p 233 1278 -208 2 v 172 1162 a(542)172 1266 y(577)p 441 1070 42 2 v 481 -1069 2 706 v 482 365 208 2 v 648 364 a Fl(-)p 690 385 V 690 -344 V 710 384 2 42 v 713 373 a Fp(1)p 730 384 V 908 342 a(Not)11 -b(in)908 373 y(Memory)908 406 y(T)m(rap)p 441 1112 84 2 v 523 -1111 2 623 v 524 489 167 2 v 648 488 a Fl(-)p 690 510 208 2 -v 690 468 V 710 509 2 42 v 713 498 a Fp(0)p 730 509 V 780 495 -a(P)o(age)908 517 y(Address)908 477 y(P)o(age)p 897 489 270 -2 v 1126 488 a Fl(-)p 1083 488 2 63 v 1084 467 a(6)1084 488 -y(?)1051 396 y Fp(CST)1042 427 y Fc(\022\021)1042 344 y(\023\020)p -1165 487 211 2 v 1165 1069 2 582 v 1375 1069 V 1165 1071 211 -2 v 1198 401 a Fp(P)o(age)g(Map)1251 439 y(for)1204 471 y(Section)h(1)p -1167 531 208 2 v 1167 489 V 1169 518 a(0)p 1187 530 2 42 v --80 w(000)1386 490 y(No)1386 523 y(Access)1386 553 y(T)m(rap)p -1167 655 208 2 v 1167 614 V 1169 643 a(1)p 1187 654 2 42 v -4 w(0)p 1208 654 V 1257 641 a(P)o(age)1106 643 y(173)1386 623 -y(Immediate)1386 661 y(Map)f(P)o(oin)o(ter)p 1375 634 187 2 -v 1167 863 208 2 v 1167 821 V 1169 850 a(2)p 1187 862 2 42 -v 1249 862 V 1272 851 a(Index)1106 850 y(401)1469 772 y(Shared)1469 -803 y(Map)1469 839 y(P)o(oin)o(ters)p 1375 842 84 2 v 1457 -841 2 146 v 648 697 810 2 v 647 696 2 84 v 648 614 42 2 v 648 -613 a Fl(-)p 690 634 208 2 v 690 593 V 710 634 2 42 v 713 622 -a Fp(1)p 730 634 V 908 592 a(Not)g(in)908 622 y(Memory)908 -655 y(T)m(rap)p 1167 821 208 2 v 1167 780 V 1169 809 a(2)p -1187 820 2 42 v 1249 820 V 1272 810 a(Index)1106 809 y(400)p -1375 800 42 2 v 1415 800 2 63 v 607 738 810 2 v 606 1132 2 -395 v 607 1132 84 2 v 648 1131 a Fl(-)p 690 1153 208 2 v 690 -1112 V 710 1152 2 42 v 713 1141 a Fp(0)p 730 1152 V 780 1139 -a(P)o(age)908 1160 y(Address)908 1120 y(P)o(age)p 897 1132 -748 2 v 1603 1131 a Fl(-)p 1643 1131 211 2 v 1643 1712 2 582 -v 1852 1712 V 1643 1714 211 2 v 1602 1132 2 63 v 1603 1111 -a(6)1603 1132 y(?)1570 1040 y Fp(CST)1561 1070 y Fc(\022\021)1561 -987 y(\023\020)1713 1044 y Fp(Data)1728 1077 y(for)1675 1109 -y(P)o(age)f(1400)1584 1390 y(162)p 1644 1402 208 2 v 1644 1361 -V 1656 1388 a(LSHC)g(1,{3)p 1167 966 V 1167 925 V 1169 954 -a(3)p 1187 966 2 42 v 8 w(007)p 1249 966 V 1272 955 a(Index)1106 -954 y(700)p 1375 946 42 2 v 1415 945 2 63 v 648 883 768 2 v -647 966 2 84 v 648 966 42 2 v 648 965 a Fl(-)1427 963 y Fp(Indirect)1427 -993 y(Map)1427 1029 y(P)o(oin)o(ters)p 690 987 208 2 v 690 -946 V 710 986 2 42 v 713 975 a(1)p 730 986 V 908 944 a(Not)h(in)908 -975 y(Memory)908 1008 y(T)m(rap)p 1167 1008 208 2 v 1167 966 -V 1169 996 a(3)p 1187 1007 2 42 v 8 w(204)p 1249 1007 V 27 -w(Index)-246 b(701)p 1167 1049 208 2 v 1167 1008 V 1169 1037 -a(3)p 1187 1049 2 42 v 8 w(417)p 1249 1049 V 1272 1038 a(Index)1106 -1037 y(702)p 1375 987 42 2 v 1375 1029 V 1415 1194 2 208 v -607 1195 810 2 v 606 1609 2 416 v 607 1610 84 2 v 648 1609 -a Fl(-)p 690 1631 208 2 v 690 1589 V 710 1630 2 42 v 713 1618 -a Fp(0)p 730 1630 V 780 1616 a(P)o(age)908 1638 y(Address)908 -1597 y(P)o(age)p 897 1610 270 2 v 1126 1609 a Fl(-)p 1083 1609 -2 63 v 1084 1588 a(6)1084 1609 y(?)1051 1517 y Fp(CST)1042 -1548 y Fc(\022\021)1042 1465 y(\023\020)p 1165 1608 211 2 v -1165 2189 2 582 v 1375 2189 V 1165 2191 211 2 v 1197 1556 a -Fp(Secondary)1198 1594 y(P)o(age)11 b(Map)p 1167 1942 208 2 -v 1167 1900 V 1169 1930 a(1)p 1187 1941 2 42 v 4 w(0)p 1208 -1941 V 1257 1927 a(P)o(age)1106 1930 y(417)1386 1910 y(Immediate)1386 -1948 y(Map)g(P)o(oin)o(ter)p 1375 1921 270 2 v 1603 1920 a -Fl(-)p 1561 1920 2 63 v 1561 1900 a(6)1561 1920 y(?)1529 1829 -y Fp(CST)1519 1859 y Fc(\022\021)1519 1776 y(\023\020)p 1167 -1817 208 2 v 1167 1776 V 1169 1805 a Fp(1)p 1187 1817 2 42 -v 4 w(1)p 1208 1817 V -101 w(204)1386 1773 y(Not)f(in)1386 -1803 y(Memory)1386 1836 y(T)m(rap)1105 1858 y Fl(\003)-10 b(\027)1105 -1900 y(C)g(W)951 1799 y Fp(P)o(age)11 b(Map)951 1835 y(Indexes)951 -1868 y(from)951 1901 y(Indirect)951 1934 y(P)o(oin)o(ters)p -1643 384 211 2 v 1643 965 2 582 v 1852 965 V 1643 967 211 2 -v 1713 297 a(Data)1728 329 y(for)1675 362 y(P)o(age)f(1173)p -1561 634 2 250 v 1561 385 84 2 v 1603 384 a Fl(-)p 1602 384 -2 63 v 1603 364 a(6)1603 384 y(?)1570 293 y Fp(CST)1561 323 -y Fc(\022\021)1561 240 y(\023\020)1584 788 y Fp(561)p 1644 -800 208 2 v 1644 759 V 1656 786 a(ILDB)g(1,13)p 1643 1920 211 -2 v 1643 2501 2 582 v 1852 2501 V 1643 2503 211 2 v 1676 1830 -a(P)o(age)g(Map)1728 1868 y(for)1675 1900 y(P)o(age)g(1702)1661 -2011 y(Note:)41 b(this)1661 2044 y(is)14 b(also)f(P)o(age)1661 -2077 y(417,)38 b(Rela-)1661 2110 y(tiv)o(e)23 b(to)f(the)1661 -2143 y(Secondary)1661 2177 y(P)o(age)10 b(Map)1584 2407 y(667)p -1644 2419 208 2 v 1644 2378 V 1656 2405 a(MUL)g(2,1064)p 431 -1692 2 63 v 432 1671 a Fl(6)432 1692 y(?)399 1600 y Fp(CST)390 -1631 y Fc(\022\021)390 1548 y(\023\020)233 1692 y Fp(The)18 -b(sym)o(b)q(ol)54 b(denotes)18 b(a)233 1725 y(test)13 b(of)g(the)g(CST)g(en)o -(try)h(for)233 1758 y(the)23 b(page.)49 b(If)23 b(the)f(page)233 -1792 y(is)k(to)q(o)f(\\y)o(oung")f(an)i(age)233 1825 y(trap)20 -b(in)o(terv)o(enes.)44 b(Other-)233 1858 y(wise)11 b(the)g(CST)g(en)o(try)g -(is)h(up-)233 1891 y(dated)h(and)f(the)h(page)f(refer-)233 -1925 y(ence)f(is)h(made.)233 2024 y(In)i(Section)h(1,)g(pages)e(1173,)233 -2057 y(1400,)28 b(and)e(1720)e(are)h(in)233 2091 y(memory)m(.)18 -b(Section)11 b(0,)h(pages)233 2124 y(1000,)30 b(1401,)g(1700,)f(and)233 -2157 y(1701)23 b(are)h(not;)31 b(an)o(y)25 b(ref-)233 2190 -y(erence)18 b(to)f(them)i(causes)f(a)233 2223 y(page)10 b(fail)i(trap.)274 -2429 y(Virtual)269 2470 y(Address)75 b(Con)o(ten)o(ts)p 233 -2482 187 2 v 441 2482 167 2 v 233 2532 a(1173561)441 2529 y(ILDB)10 -b(1,13)233 2573 y(1400162)441 2571 y(LSHC)g(1,{3)233 2615 y(1702667)441 -2612 y(MUL)g(2,1064)p eop -%%Page: 378 38 -378 37 bop 0 50 a FD(378)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)25 188 y Fy(Cir)n(cumstanc)n(es)290 173 y Fp(31)675 -188 y Fy(MW)50 b(E\013e)n(ct)25 256 y FD(Read)25 b(reference,)30 -b(page)c(not)f(writ-)25 306 y(able.)693 256 y(00)68 b(An)14 -b(attempt)f(to)h(write)g(will)f(fail.)25 356 y(Read)d(reference,)j(page)e -(writable)f(but)25 406 y(not)26 b(y)o(et)g(mo)q(di\014ed)e(\(according)i(to) -25 455 y(CST\).)693 356 y(01)68 b(An)12 b(attempt)f(to)h(write)g(will)e -(succeed,)803 406 y(after)k(the)h(mapping)c(is)j(revised.)25 -505 y(P)o(age)i(writable,)f(write)i(reference)h(or)25 555 y(page)c(already)f -(mo)q(di\014ed.)693 505 y(11)68 b(Sets)12 b Fu(M)17 b FD(in)10 -b(CST)i(en)o(try;)g(an)f(attempt)803 555 y(to)j(write)g(will)f(succeed.)0 -734 y Fz(P)n(age)19 b(F)-5 b(ailure)0 819 y FD(When)10 b(for)g(an)o(y)f -(reason)i(the)g(pager)f(is)g(unable)g(to)g(mak)o(e)e(a)i(desired)h(memory)c -(reference,)13 b(or)d(an)g(extended)i(e\013ectiv)o(e)0 869 -y(address)17 b(calculation)e(encoun)o(ters)i(an)f(incorrectly)g(formatted)e -(indirect)j(w)o(ord,)e(an)h(ev)o(en)o(t)g(kno)o(wn)f(as)h(a)f(\\page)0 -919 y(failure")f(o)q(ccurs.)21 b(F)m(or)15 b(this)f(the)i(micro)q(co)q(de)e -(terminates)g(the)h(instruction)g(immediately)m(,)c(without)j(disturbing)0 -969 y(PC)f(or)g(storing)f(an)o(y)h(results)g(in)g(memory)d(or)j(the)g(accum)o -(ulators,)f(and)g(executes)j(a)e(page)f(fail)g(trap.)1587 954 -y Fp(32)1640 969 y FD(The)h(trap)0 1019 y(op)q(eration)i(mak)o(es)e(use)j(of) -e(certain)i(lo)q(cations)e(in)g(the)i(user)f(pro)q(cess)i(table)e(dep)q -(ending)g(on)g(whether)h(the)f(KL10)0 1068 y(is)f(extended.)50 -1179 y Fy(Extende)n(d)i(KL10)597 b(Single{se)n(ction)15 b(KL10)1299 -1164 y Fp(33)50 1247 y FD(The)j(trap)g(places)g(a)g(page)f(fail)f(w)o(ord)i -(in)f(lo)q(cation)50 1296 y(500,)12 b(iden)o(ti\014es)h(the)g(failed)f(state) -h(of)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)50 1346 y(b)o(y)g(placing)f(the)h(curren)o(t)h -(\015ag{PC)f(doublew)o(ord)g(in)50 1396 y(lo)q(cations)j(501)g(and)g(502)g -(\(this)g(includes)h(the)g(pre-)50 1446 y(vious)c(con)o(text)g(section)h(if)e -(the)i(failure)e(is)h(in)f(an)h(ex-)50 1496 y(ecutiv)o(e)k(program\),)f(sets) -h(up)g(PC)g(according)f(to)g(a)50 1546 y(new)d(v)n(alue)f(in)g(lo)q(cation)g -(503,)f(and)i(clears)g(the)g(\015ags)50 1595 y(\(placing)g(the)i(pro)q -(cessor)g(in)f(k)o(ernel)g(mo)q(de\))925 1247 y(The)k(trap)g(places)g(a)f -(page)h(fail)e(w)o(ord)i(in)f(lo)q(cation)925 1296 y(501,)12 -b(iden)o(ti\014es)h(the)g(failed)e(state)j(of)e(the)h(pro)q(cessor)925 -1346 y(b)o(y)19 b(placing)g(the)i(curren)o(t)g(PC)f(w)o(ord)f(in)h(lo)q -(cation)925 1396 y(502,)c(and)h(sets)h(up)e(the)i(\015ags)e(and)h(PC)g -(according)925 1446 y(to)d(a)f(new)i(PC)f(w)o(ord)f(in)h(lo)q(cation)f(503.)0 -1679 y(The)h(pro)q(cessor)i(then)f(resumes)f(op)q(eration)g(in)f(the)i(new)f -(state)h(at)e(the)i(lo)q(cation)e(no)o(w)g(addressed)j(b)o(y)e(PC.)0 -1765 y(The)g(page)g(fail)f(w)o(ord)g(supplies)i(this)e(information.)p -0 2104 1495 2 v -1 2103 2 225 v 0 1880 1495 2 v 1494 2103 2 -225 v 124 2116 2 13 v 248 2116 V 373 2116 V 497 2116 V 622 -2116 V 746 2124 2 21 v 871 2116 2 13 v 995 2116 V 1120 2116 -V 1244 2116 V 1369 2116 V 42 2029 291 2 v 12 2133 a Fp(0)p -41 2103 2 225 v -17 w(0)p -1 2103 V 1 2005 a Fy(U)220 2133 -y Fp(5)p 248 1987 2 108 v -183 w(1)p 41 1987 V 79 1923 a Fy(F)m(ailur)n(e)99 -1964 y(T)m(yp)n(e)220 2133 y Fp(5)p 248 2028 2 42 v -183 w(1)p -41 2028 V -17 w(1)p 82 2028 V -17 w(1)p 41 2028 V 52 2021 a -FD(1)303 2133 y Fp(7)p 331 2028 2 150 v -58 w(6)p 248 2028 -V -225 w(1)p 82 2103 2 75 v -17 w(1)p 41 2103 V 52 2079 a FD(0)96 -2133 y Fp(2)p 124 2103 V -17 w(2)p 82 2103 V 84 2080 a Fy(A)137 -2133 y Fp(3)p 165 2103 V -17 w(3)p 124 2103 V 120 2080 a Fy(W)179 -2133 y Fp(4)p 207 2103 V -17 w(4)p 165 2103 V 171 2080 a Fy(S)220 -2133 y Fp(5)p 248 2103 V -17 w(5)p 207 2103 V 209 2080 a Fy(T)262 -2133 y Fp(6)p 290 2103 V -17 w(6)p 248 2103 V 252 2080 a Fy(P)303 -2133 y Fp(7)p 331 2103 V -17 w(7)p 290 2103 V 292 2080 a Fy(C)345 -2133 y Fp(8)p 373 2103 2 225 v -17 w(8)p 331 2103 V 333 2005 -a Fy(V)1457 2133 y Fp(35)p 1494 2103 V -947 w(13)p 539 2103 -V 873 2005 a FD(Virtual)g(Address)0 2292 y(Whether)i(the)f(violation)e(o)q -(ccurred)k(in)d(user)i(or)f(executiv)o(e)h(virtual)d(address)k(space)e(is)g -(indicated,)f(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(,)0 2342 y(b)o(y)f(a)g(1)g(or)h(0)f(in)g -(bit)g(0;)g(and)g(a)g(1)g(or)h(0)f(in)g(bit)g(8)g(indicates)g(whether)i(or)f -(not)f(a)g(virtual)f(address)j(w)o(as)e(giv)o(en)g(for)g(the)p -0 2377 720 2 v 31 2404 a Fo(31)64 2415 y Fn(The)f(missing)f(circumstanc)o(e)f -(pro)q(duces)g(a)i(page)g(failure.)31 2443 y Fo(32)64 2455 -y Fn(A)j(page)f(failure)g(that)g(o)q(ccurs)g(during)f(an)i(in)o(terrupt)e -(instruction)f(do)q(es)i(not)g(act)h(this)f(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)24 -b(Instead)12 b(it)i(places)f(a)h(page)f(fail)0 2494 y(w)o(ord)e(in)f(A)o(C)i -(2,)e(blo)q(c)o(k)g(7,)g(and)g(sets)h(the)f(In{out)e(P)o(age)i(F)m(ailure)g -(\015ag)g(\()p Fq(CONI)g(APR,)f Fn(bit)i(26\),)f(requesting)e(an)i(in)o -(terrupt)e(on)i(the)g(lev)o(el)0 2534 y(assigned)g(to)h(the)f(pro)q(cessor.) -31 2562 y Fo(33)64 2574 y Fn(The)g(pro)q(cess)f(table)h(lo)q(cations)e(giv)o -(en)h(are)h(as)h(of)f(Release)f(3)i(of)f(the)g(TOPS{20)h(Monitor.)i(With)e -(Release)e(1)h(or)h(2)f(the)g(trap)g(uses)0 2613 y(lo)q(cations)f(500{502)g -(instead.)p eop -%%Page: 379 39 -379 38 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(379)150 195 y(reference.)21 b(If)13 b(bit)h(1)g(is)g(1,)f(bits)h(6)f -(and)h(7)g(are)g(indeterminate,)f(and)h(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(in)g(bits)i -(1{5)e(\()p FB(\025)h FD(20\))g(indicates)150 245 y(the)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(of)e -(\\hard")h(failure)f(as)h(follo)o(ws.)150 313 y(21)101 b(Proprietary)16 -b(violation)e(|)h(an)g(instruction)h(in)f(a)g(public)h(page)f(has)h -(attempted)f(to)h(reference)i(a)d(con-)293 362 y(cealed)j(page,)g(or)f(a)g -(public)g(program)e(has)i(attempted)g(to)g(fetc)o(h)h(an)f(instruction)h -(from)d(a)i(concealed)293 412 y(page)12 b(at)f(an)g(illegal)f(en)o(try)i(p)q -(oin)o(t)f(\(one)h(not)g(con)o(taining)e(a)h Fx(PORT)m(AL)p -FD(\).)f(The)i(failure)f(for)g(an)h(illegal)d(en)o(try)293 -462 y(\(whic)o(h)j(forces)i(bit)e(8)f(to)i(0\))f(o)q(ccurs)h(at)f(the)h(next) -g(reference,)i(after)d(the)h(instruction)f(is)h(deco)q(ded,)g(so)f(the)293 -512 y(fail)h(address)i(is)e(meaningless.)150 597 y(23)101 b(Address)16 -b(failure)e(|)f(this)i(is)f(caused)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(satisfaction)f(of)f(an)h -(address)i(condition)d(selected)j(b)o(y)e(the)293 647 y(program.)i(It)c(is)f -(used)h(for)g(debugging)f(purp)q(oses,)i(suc)o(h)f(as)g(to)f(\014nd)h(an)f -(instruction)h(that)g(is)f(maliciously)293 697 y(wiping)h(out)g(a)g(memory)e -(lo)q(cation,)h(and)h(is)h(explained)f(in)g FB(x)p FD(4.1.5)f(with)h(the)h -(description)g(of)f(the)h Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)293 747 y(APR,)g -FD(instruction)h(that)g(sets)h(it)e(up.)19 b(Bit)13 b(8)h(is)g(forced)g(to)g -(0)g(b)o(y)f(this)h(failure.)150 832 y(24)101 b(Illegal)10 -b(indirect)i(|)e(an)h(extended)i(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(address)f(calculation)f -(has)g(encoun)o(tered)i(an)e(indirect)h(w)o(ord)293 882 y(with)i(11)f(in)h -(bits)f(0)h(and)g(1.)150 968 y(25)101 b(P)o(age)16 b(table)f(parit)o(y)g -(error)h(|)f(the)h(pager)g(has)g(encoun)o(tered)h(a)e(page)h(table)f(mapping) -e(with)j(incorrect)293 1018 y(parit)o(y)150 1103 y(27)101 b(Illegal)18 -b(address)k(|)d(a)g(memory)f(reference)k(has)e(supplied)g(an)f(address)i -(whose)g(section)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(is)293 1153 y(greater)c(than)f(37.)j -(Bit)d(8)g(is)g(forced)g(to)g(0)g(b)o(y)f(this)h(failure.)150 -1239 y(36)101 b(AR)13 b(parit)o(y)g(error)h(|)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(has)e -(detected)j(incorrect)f(parit)o(y)d(in)h(a)g(w)o(ord)g(read)h(in)o(to)f(AR)g -(from)293 1288 y(a)j(storage)h(mo)q(dule,)e(the)i(cac)o(he,)g(or)f(the)h(E)g -(bus,)g(and)f(has)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)h(the)g(w)o(ord)f(with)g(correct)i(parit)o(y) -d(in)293 1338 y(A)o(C)h(0,)f(blo)q(c)o(k)g(7.)23 b(When)16 -b(the)g(source)h(is)e(a)g(storage)h(mo)q(dule,)e(the)i(MB)g(P)o(arit)o(y)f -(Error)i(\015ag)e(is)g(also)g(set)293 1388 y(\()p Fx(CONI)e(APR,)g -FD(bit)g(27\).)150 1474 y(37)101 b(ARX)16 b(parit)o(y)f(error)h(|)f(the)i -(pro)q(cessor)g(has)f(detected)i(incorrect)f(parit)o(y)e(in)g(a)h(w)o(ord)f -(read)h(in)o(to)f(ARX)293 1523 y(from)g(a)g(storage)i(mo)q(dule)d(or)i(the)h -(cac)o(he,)g(and)f(has)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)h(the)f(w)o(ord)g(with)g(correct)i -(parit)o(y)d(in)h(A)o(C)g(0,)293 1573 y(blo)q(c)o(k)f(7.)22 -b(When)15 b(the)h(source)h(is)e(a)g(storage)g(mo)q(dule,)f(the)i(MB)g(P)o -(arit)o(y)e(Error)i(\015ag)f(is)g(also)g(set)h(\()p Fx(CONI)293 -1623 y(APR,)d FD(bit)g(27\).)150 1726 y(If)e(the)g(failure)g(is)f(not)h(one)h -(of)e(these,)j(then)e(bits)h(1{7)e(\(if)g(meaningful\))f(ha)o(v)o(e)i(the)g -(format)e(sho)o(wn)j(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)e(where)j Fy(A)p FD(,)150 -1776 y Fy(M)7 b FD(,)k Fy(W)d FD(,)i Fy(P)t FD(,)h(and)g Fy(C)17 -b FD(are)12 b(simply)d(the)i(corresp)q(onding)i(bits)e(tak)o(en)g(from)e(the) -j(mapping)d(for)i(the)g(page)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)150 1826 -y(bits)i(13{26,)e(and)i Fy(T)19 b FD(indicates)14 b(the)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(of)e -(reference)j(in)e(whic)o(h)f(the)i(failure)e(o)q(ccurred)j(|)d(0)g(for)h(a)f -(read{only)150 1876 y(reference,)j(1)e(for)g(an)o(y)g(reference)j(in)o(v)o -(olving)12 b(writing.)18 b(The)d(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)e(reference)k(p)q(er)e(se)g -(implies)d(nothing)i(ab)q(out)150 1926 y(the)i(cause)h(of)f(failure)f(|)g(it) -g(indicates)i(only)e(the)h(reason)h(the)f(failed)f(reference)j(w)o(as)e(b)q -(eing)g(made.)22 b(Moreo)o(v)o(er)150 1975 y(the)15 b(p)q(ossible)f -(con\014gurations)g(for)g(these)i(bits)e(are)h(quite)f(limited.)j(A)d(soft)g -(page)g(failure)g(can)g(result)h(only)f(from)150 2025 y(actions)h(tak)o(en)f -(in)h(a)f(re\014ll)g(or)h(writabilit)o(y)e(c)o(hec)o(k.)21 -b(A)15 b(v)n(alid)e(page)h(table)h(mapping)d(can)j(require)h(action)e(b)o(y)g -(the)150 2075 y(pager)f(only)f(if)g Fy(M)19 b FD(is)13 b(0)f(in)g(a)h(write)f -(reference.)21 b(Hence)14 b(in)e(a)g(soft)h(failure)f(resulting)g(from)f(a)i -(v)n(alid)e(mapping,)f(bits)150 2125 y(0{8)j(of)g(the)i(page)f(fail)e(w)o -(ord)i(are)g(of)f(the)i(form)p 710 2298 374 2 v 710 2297 2 -75 v 1083 2297 V 710 2224 374 2 v 723 2328 a Fp(0)p 751 2297 -2 75 v -17 w(0)p 710 2297 V 712 2274 a Fy(U)764 2328 y Fp(1)p -793 2297 V -17 w(1)p 751 2297 V 762 2273 a FD(0)806 2328 y -Fp(2)p 834 2297 V -17 w(2)p 793 2297 V 804 2273 a FD(1)847 -2328 y Fp(3)p 876 2297 V -17 w(3)p 834 2297 V 845 2273 a FD(0)889 -2328 y Fp(4)p 917 2297 V -17 w(4)p 876 2297 V 887 2273 a FD(0)930 -2328 y Fp(5)p 959 2297 V -17 w(5)p 917 2297 V 928 2273 a FD(1)972 -2328 y Fp(6)p 1000 2297 V -17 w(6)p 959 2297 V 962 2274 a Fy(P)1013 -2328 y Fp(7)p 1042 2297 V -17 w(7)p 1000 2297 V 1003 2274 a -Fy(C)1055 2328 y Fp(8)p 1083 2297 V -17 w(8)p 1042 2297 V 1053 -2273 a FD(1)150 2487 y(for)f(a)f(write)h(failure.)k(When)c(no)f(v)n(alid)g -(mapping)e(is)j(found,)f(the)i(page)e(fail)g(bits)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(the)i(form)p -eop -%%Page: 380 40 -380 39 bop 0 50 a FD(380)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)p 560 279 374 2 v 560 278 2 75 v 933 278 V -560 204 374 2 v 573 308 a Fp(0)p 601 278 2 75 v -17 w(0)p 560 -278 V 562 255 a Fy(U)614 308 y Fp(1)p 643 278 V -17 w(1)p 601 -278 V 612 254 a FD(0)656 308 y Fp(2)p 684 278 V -17 w(2)p 643 -278 V 654 254 a FD(0)697 308 y Fp(3)p 726 278 V -17 w(3)p 684 -278 V 695 254 a FD(0)739 308 y Fp(4)p 767 278 V -17 w(4)p 726 -278 V 737 254 a FD(0)780 308 y Fp(5)p 809 278 V -17 w(5)p 767 -278 V 770 255 a Fy(T)822 308 y Fp(6)p 850 278 V -17 w(6)p 809 -278 V 820 254 a FD(0)863 308 y Fp(7)p 892 278 V -17 w(7)p 850 -278 V 861 254 a FD(0)905 308 y Fp(8)p 933 278 V -17 w(8)p 892 -278 V 903 254 a FD(1)0 467 y(where)h(for)f(a)f(write)h(failure,)f -Fy(T)19 b FD(m)o(ust)13 b(b)q(e)h(1.)0 553 y(F)m(or)9 b(a)g(page)g(fail)f -(trap,)i(the)g(extended)h(KL10)e(automatically)e(switc)o(hes)j(to)f(k)o -(ernel)h(mo)q(de,)f(and)g(in)g(the)h(unextended)0 603 y(v)o(ersion)15 -b(the)g(Monitor)e(should)i(set)g(up)f(the)h(new)g(PC)g(w)o(ord)f(for)g(that)h -(action.)k(After)c(rectifying)f(the)h(situation,)0 653 y(the)20 -b(Monitor)f(ev)o(en)o(tually)g(returns)i(to)e(the)h(in)o(terrupted)h -(instruction,)g(whic)o(h)e(starts)i(o)o(v)o(er)e(again)g(from)e(the)0 -702 y(b)q(eginning)g(or)h(from)e(the)i(stopping)f(p)q(osition)g(in)g(a)h(m)o -(ultipart)d(instruction.)30 b(Ev)o(en)18 b(a)f(t)o(w)o(o{part)h(instruction)0 -752 y(that)h(has)g(b)q(een)h(stopp)q(ed)f(b)o(y)g(a)f(failure)g(in)h(the)g -(second)h(part)f(is)f(redone)i(prop)q(erly)m(,)f(pro)o(vided)g(the)g(Monitor) -0 802 y(restores)f(First)f(P)o(art)f(Done.)25 b(The)16 b(mec)o(hanism)e(for)i -(making)e(a)i(correct)h(return)h(and)e(the)g(e\013ects)j(it)c(pro)q(duces)0 -852 y(on)e(a)g Fx(BL)m(T)g FD(are)h(the)g(same)f(as)g(for)g(an)g(in)o -(terrupt,)h(and)f(are)h(describ)q(ed)h(under)f(the)g(sp)q(ecial)g -(considerations)f(giv)o(en)0 902 y(at)18 b(the)g(end)h(of)e -FB(x)p FD(4.1.1.)29 b(Before)18 b(returning)h(to)f(the)g(failed)f -(instruction,)i(the)f(Monitor)f(m)o(ust)g(in)o(v)n(alidate)f(the)0 -952 y(mapping)d(for)j(the)g(page)g(and)f(revise)i(the)f(p)q(oin)o(ters)h(for) -e(the)h(new)g(situation.)23 b(Then)17 b(when)f(the)g(instruction)g(is)0 -1001 y(restarted,)f(the)g(pager)f(will)e(do)i(a)g(re\014ll)f(to)h(get)g(the)h -(new,)e(correct)j(mapping.)0 1087 y(A)h(no{access)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(ma)o(y)e -(w)o(ell)i(imply)d(that)j(the)h(section)f(or)g(page)g(simply)e(do)q(es)j(not) -e(exist.)28 b(Otherwise)18 b(a)0 1137 y(soft)f(failure)g(seldom)f(implies)f -(that)j(an)o(ything)e(is)h(\\wrong.")28 b(Consider)18 b(a)f(t)o(ypical)g -(case)h(where)g(the)g(Monitor)0 1187 y(has,)f(for)g(example,)e(ten)j(or)e(t)o -(w)o(en)o(t)o(y)h(pages)g(of)f(a)h(user)h(program)d(in)h(memory)m(.)24 -b(When)17 b(the)g(user)h(attempts)e(to)0 1236 y(gain)f(access)i(to)f(a)g -(page)f(that)h(is)g(not)g(there)h(\(i.e.)23 b(for)16 b(whic)o(h)f(the)i -(re\014ll)e(encoun)o(ters)j(a)e(not{in{mem)o(ory)d(page)0 1286 -y(address\),)k(the)g(Monitor)f(w)o(ould)f(resp)q(ond)i(to)f(the)g(failure)f -(b)o(y)h(bringing)f(in)h(the)g(needed)i(page)e(from)e(the)j(disk,)0 -1336 y(either)g(adding)e(to)h(the)h(user)g(space,)g(or)f(sw)o(apping)f(out)h -(a)g(page)g(the)h(user)g(no)f(longer)g(needs)h(or)f(has)g(not)g(used)0 -1386 y(recen)o(tly)m(.)31 b(Similarly)15 b(a)i(pro)q(cess)j(using)e(sev)o -(eral)g(sections)h(ma)o(y)e(ha)o(v)o(e)g(only)h(one)g(in)f(core)i(at)f(a)g -(time.)29 b(While)0 1436 y(sw)o(apping)15 b(is)h(in)f(progress,)j(the)e -(Monitor)f(runs)i(some)e(other)h(user,)h(returning)g(to)f(the)g(in)o -(terrupted)h(job)e(when)0 1485 y(the)f(requested)i(page)e(is)g(a)o(v)n -(ailable.)0 1571 y(The)j(same)e(situation)g(exists)i(for)f(writabilit)o(y)m -(.)22 b(Keeping)17 b(trac)o(k)f(of)g(mo)q(di\014ed)e(pages)j(is)f(handled)g -(b)o(y)f(the)i(re\014ll)0 1621 y(pro)q(cedure)f(using)f(the)g(memory)d -(status)j(table.)20 b(But)15 b(a)g(page)f(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(write{protected)h -(b)q(ecause)g(is)f(it)f(shared)0 1671 y(b)o(y)f(a)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h -(pro)q(cesses,)j(wherein)e(a)g(c)o(hange)f(made)g(b)o(y)g(one)h(migh)o(t)d -(not)j(b)q(e)g(w)o(an)o(ted)f(b)o(y)h(the)g(others.)19 b(Th)o(us)0 -1720 y(in)13 b(resp)q(onse)j(to)e(a)f(write)i(failure,)d(the)j(Monitor)e -(migh)o(t)f(mak)o(e)g(a)i(separate)h(writable)e(cop)o(y)h(of)g(the)g(page)g -(for)f(the)0 1770 y(sole)h(use)h(of)e(the)h(pro)q(cess)i(that)e(wishes)h(to)e -(mo)q(dify)f(it.)0 1909 y Fz(The)18 b(Map)i(Instruction)0 1995 -y FD(It)c(is)g(often)g(helpful)g(for)g(the)g(Monitor)g(or)g(a)g(debugging)g -(pac)o(k)n(age)f(to)h(b)q(e)h(able)f(to)g(determine)g(ho)o(w)g(the)h(pager)0 -2045 y(w)o(ould)j(resp)q(ond)h(to)g(a)f(particular)h(reference)i(without)d -(actually)g(c)o(hancing)g(a)g(page)h(failure.)37 b(It)21 b(ma)o(y)e(also)0 -2095 y(b)q(e)h(useful)g(to)f(determine)g(where)i(a)e(particular)g(virtual)g -(page)g(is)g(in)g(ph)o(ysical)g(memory)m(,)f(e.g.)34 b(to)19 -b(set)i(up)e(a)0 2144 y(c)o(hannel)c(command)c(list.)20 b(F)m(or)14 -b(suc)o(h)h(purp)q(oses)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)g(has)f(this)f(instruction,)h -(whic)o(h)f(unlik)o(e)g(all)f(other)0 2194 y(instructions)f(describ)q(ed)h -(in)e(this)h(c)o(hapter,)g(is)g(not)f(an)g(I/O)h(instruction)g(ev)o(en)g -(though)f(it)g(is)g(sub)r(ject)i(to)f(the)g(same)0 2244 y(restrictions.)p -0 2485 1495 4 v 0 2410 V -2 2483 4 75 v 1493 2483 V 538 2483 -V 579 2483 V 746 2483 V 12 2515 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 2460 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 2515 -y Fn(8)p 372 2483 V 24 w(9)441 2460 y Fy(A)0 2377 y Fk(MAP)211 -b(Map)18 b(an)h(Address)156 2459 y FD(257)0 2610 y(If)12 b(the)i(pager)f(is)f -(on)g(and)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(is)d(in)h(k)o(ernel)g(or)f(user)i(I/O)f(mo)q -(de,)e(map)g(the)j(\(extended\))g(page)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)p -eop -%%Page: 381 41 -381 40 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(381)150 195 y(of)16 b(the)h(virtual)f(e\013ectiv)o(e)i(address)g -Fy(E)j FD(and)c(place)g(the)g(resulting)g(ph)o(ysical)f(address)i(and)e -(other)h(map)e(data)h(in)150 245 y(A)o(C.)d(The)i(information)c(loaded)i(in)o -(to)g(A)o(C)h(for)g(a)f(true)i(mapping)d(is)h(of)h(the)g(form)p -150 418 1495 2 v 149 417 2 75 v 150 344 1495 2 v 1644 417 2 -75 v 274 430 2 13 v 398 430 V 523 430 V 647 430 V 772 430 V -896 438 2 21 v 1021 430 2 13 v 1145 430 V 1270 430 V 1394 430 -V 1519 430 V 162 448 a Fp(0)p 191 417 2 75 v -17 w(0)p 149 -417 V 151 394 a Fy(U)204 448 y Fp(1)p 232 417 V -17 w(1)p 191 -417 V 202 393 a FD(0)246 448 y Fp(2)p 274 417 V -17 w(2)p 232 -417 V 243 393 a FD(1)287 448 y Fp(3)p 315 417 V -17 w(3)p 274 -417 V 273 394 a Fy(M)329 448 y Fp(4)p 357 417 V -17 w(4)p 315 -417 V 312 394 a Fy(W)370 448 y Fp(5)p 398 417 V -17 w(5)p 357 -417 V 368 393 a FD(0)412 448 y Fp(6)p 440 417 V -17 w(6)p 398 -417 V 402 394 a Fy(P)453 448 y Fp(7)p 481 417 V -17 w(7)p 440 -417 V 442 394 a Fy(C)495 448 y Fp(8)p 523 417 V -17 w(8)p 481 -417 V 492 393 a FD(1)694 448 y Fp(13)p 730 417 V -192 w(9)p -523 417 V 607 393 a FD(00)1607 448 y Fp(35)p 1644 417 V -906 -w(14)p 730 417 V 1033 390 a FD(Ph)o(ysical)g(Address)150 607 -y(where)f(bits)f(14{26)f(are)i(the)g(ph)o(ysical)e(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(the)h(pager)f(supplies)g(for)g Fy(E)5 b FD(,)12 b(bit)g(0)g(is)g(1)f(or)i(0) -e(dep)q(ending)i(on)150 657 y(whether)j(the)g(paging)d(is)i(done)g(in)g(user) -h(or)f(executiv)o(e)h(address)g(space,)f(and)g Fy(M)7 b FD(,)15 -b Fy(W)8 b FD(,)14 b Fy(P)t FD(,)h(and)f Fy(C)21 b FD(are)15 -b(page)g(use)150 706 y(bits)e(from)f(the)i(mapping)d(as)i(explained)g(ab)q(o) -o(v)o(e.)k(F)m(ailure)c(of)f(the)i(instruction)g(to)f(generate)h(a)f(v)n -(alid)f(mapping)f(is)150 756 y(indicated)j(b)o(y)g(A)o(C)f(receiving)p -150 1013 1495 2 v 149 1012 2 150 v 150 863 1495 2 v 1644 1012 -2 150 v 274 1024 2 13 v 398 1024 V 523 1024 V 647 1024 V 772 -1024 V 896 1032 2 21 v 1021 1024 2 13 v 1145 1024 V 1270 1024 -V 1394 1024 V 1519 1024 V 162 1042 a Fp(0)p 191 1012 2 150 -v -17 w(0)p 149 1012 V 151 951 a Fy(U)370 1042 y Fp(5)p 398 -1012 V -183 w(1)p 191 1012 V 229 927 a Fy(F)m(ailur)n(e)249 -968 y(T)m(yp)n(e)495 1042 y Fp(8)p 523 1012 V -100 w(6)p 398 -1012 V 265 w(13)p 730 1012 V -192 w(9)p 523 1012 V 607 950 -a FD(00)1607 1042 y Fp(35)p 1644 1012 V -906 w(14)p 730 1012 -V 1096 951 a FD(Unde\014ned)150 1201 y(where)h(bits)e(6{8)g(are)h -(unde\014ned,)h(and)e(the)h(failure)f(co)q(de)h(can)g(b)q(e)g(21,)f(25,)g -(27,)g(36)g(or)h(00)f(\(refer)h(to)g(the)g(preceding)150 1251 -y(discussion)g(of)g(page)g(failures\).)k(Of)c(these,)h(25)e(and)h(36)g -(represen)o(t)i(what)e(are)g(e\013ectiv)o(ely)h(real)f(failures:)k(a)12 -b(parit)o(y)150 1301 y(error)k(in)f(the)h(page)g(table)f(en)o(try)h(or)g(in)f -(a)g(w)o(ord)g(retriev)o(ed)i(from)d(memory)f(in)i(a)g(re\014ll.)22 -b(The)16 b(others)h(represen)o(t)150 1350 y(failures)i(that)g(w)o(ould)g(o)q -(ccur)h(w)o(ere)h(the)f(instruction)f(actually)g(to)g(reference)j(memory)16 -b(rather)21 b(than)e(simply)150 1400 y(requesting)13 b(a)f(mapping:)j(21,)d -(an)g(attempt)f(b)o(y)h(a)g(public)g(program)e(to)j(reference)h(a)e(priv)n -(ate)g(page;)g(27,)g(an)g(illegal)150 1450 y(address;)j(and)e(00,)g(an)h -(age,)f(no{access)j(or)d(not{in{memory)e(trap)j(in)f(a)h(re\014ll.)150 -1536 y(This)d(instruction)h(cannot)f(b)q(e)h(p)q(erformed)f(in)f(a)h(user)i -(program)c(unless)j(User)h(In{out)e(is)g(set,)h(nor)f(in)g(a)g(sup)q(ervisor) -150 1585 y(program.)16 b(Instead)f(of)e(mapping)e(the)j(address,)h(it)e -(executes)j(as)e(an)f(MUUO.)h(If)f(the)h(pager)g(is)f(o\013,)h(the)g(result)g -(is)150 1635 y(unde\014ned.)150 1721 y Fy(Notes.)23 b FD(The)15 -b(instruction)h(cannot)g(actually)e(fail,)g(b)q(ecause)j(regardless)f(of)f -(what)g(happ)q(ens,)i(the)f(re\014ll)f(or)g(page)150 1771 y(fail)g(micro)q -(co)q(de)i(returns)h(to)f(it)f(instead)i(of)e(trapping)g(to)h(the)h(Monitor.) -26 b(The)18 b(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(address)g(calculation)150 1820 -y(done)c(for)g(it)f(could)h(fail)e(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er.)150 1972 -y Fz(4.1.5)55 b(Memory)17 b(Managemen)n(t)150 2085 y FD(In)f(order)i(prop)q -(erly)e(to)h(manage)d(memory)m(,)g(the)j(k)o(ernel)g(program)e(m)o(ust)g -(select)j(the)f(kind)f(of)g(paging)f(and)h(the)150 2135 y(cac)o(he)j -(strategy)m(,)g(set)g(up)f(pro)q(cess)i(tables)e(and)g(page)g(maps)f(for)h -(itself)g(and)g(the)g(v)n(arious)g(users,)i(o)o(v)o(ersee)f(the)150 -2184 y(op)q(eration)14 b(of)g(the)g(page)g(table,)g(and)g(select)i(the)e -(fast)g(memory)e(blo)q(c)o(k)i(to)g(b)q(e)g(used)i(b)o(y)d(eac)o(h)i(program) -e(\(usually)150 2234 y(blo)q(c)o(k)i(0)g(for)h(itself)s(\).)22 -b(A)o(t)16 b(an)o(y)f(giv)o(en)g(time,)f(accum)o(ulator,)g(index)i(register)g -(and)g(fast)f(memory)e(references)19 b(are)150 2284 y(made)c(to)g(that)h(A)o -(C)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(that)f(is)h(assigned)g(as)g(\\curren)o(t.")25 -b(Giv)o(en)15 b(a)h(particular)f(pro)q(cessor)j(mo)q(de)d(\(user)i(or)150 -2334 y(executiv)o(e,)c(public)e(or)h(priv)n(ate\))g(and)g(an)f(appropriate)h -(pro)q(cess)i(table)e(and)f(page)h(map,)e(the)j(Monitor)e(e\013ectiv)o(ely) -150 2384 y(de\014nes)16 b(the)e(address)i(space)f(for)f(a)g(pro)q(cess)i -(\(whic)o(h)e(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j(itself)s(\))f(b)o(y)g(sp)q(ecifying)g(the)h -(base)g(address)h(for)d(the)150 2433 y(pro)q(cess)j(table)d(and)h(selecting)h -(the)f(curren)o(t)i(A)o(C)d(blo)q(c)o(k.)150 2519 y(When)e(a)f(user)h -(program)e(calls)h(the)h(Monitor)f(it)g(is)h(usually)e(to)i(request)h(some)d -(activit)o(y)m(,)h(whic)o(h)g(ma)o(y)f(often)h(require)150 -2569 y(the)15 b(executiv)o(e)g(to)g(gain)e(access)j(to)e(the)h(user)h -(address)g(space.)k(T)m(o)14 b(facilitate)f(the)i(crosso)o(v)o(er)g(from)e -(one)i(address)150 2619 y(space)f(to)e(another,)h(the)h(same)e(instruction)h -(through)g(whic)o(h)f(the)i(Monitor)e(assigns)h(its)g(o)o(wn)f(curren)o(t)j -(A)o(C)d(blo)q(c)o(k)p eop -%%Page: 382 42 -382 41 bop 0 50 a FD(382)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(also)i(allo)o(ws)f(assignmen)o(t)g(of)h(an)g(A)o -(C)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(and)g(section)h(for)f(the)h(\\previous{con)o(text")g(|)f -(i.e.)25 b(the)17 b(con)o(text)0 245 y(of)e(the)h(pro)q(cess)i(that)d(made)g -(the)h(call.)23 b(These)17 b(quan)o(tities,)e(together)i(with)e(\015ags)g -(that)h(indicate)g(the)g(mo)q(de)f(of)0 295 y(the)i(caller,)f(allo)o(w)e -(execution)j(of)f(instructions)g(in)g(the)h(previous)f(con)o(text)h(\(more)e -(ab)q(out)h(this)h(sub)r(ject)g(later\).)0 345 y(A)o(t)g(an)o(y)f(p)q(oin)o -(t)g(in)g(time,)g(the)h(previous{con)o(text)h(is)e(essen)o(tially)h(the)g -(circumstances)h(in)e(whic)o(h)g(the)i(previous)0 394 y(pro)q(cess)d(w)o(as)d -(running.)18 b(Note)13 b(that)g(the)g(previous{con)o(text)h(need)f(not)g(b)q -(e)g(the)h(user;)f(the)h(same)e(tec)o(hniques)i(can)0 444 y(b)q(e)h -(exploited)e(follo)o(wing)e(a)j(call)f(from)f(one)i(lev)o(el)g(of)f(the)i -(Monitor)e(to)h(another.)0 530 y(F)m(or)g(initial)e(setup,)j(the)g(k)o(ernel) -g(program)d(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)i(cognizan)o(t)f(of)g(certain)h(fundamen)o(tal)d -(c)o(haracteristics)k(that)0 580 y(can)11 b(v)n(ary)f(from)e(one)j(system)f -(to)h(another.)17 b(F)m(or)10 b(this)g(purp)q(ose)i(the)f(instructions)g(for) -f(basic)h(managemen)o(t)d(include)0 629 y(not)16 b(only)f(those)h(that)g -(address)h(the)g(pager,)f(but)g(also)f(one)h(that)g(addresses)i(the)e(pro)q -(cessor)i(to)e(disco)o(v)o(er)g(what)0 679 y(those)f(c)o(haracteristics)g -(are.)0 765 y(The)f(device)h(co)q(de)g(for)e(the)i(pager)f(is)g(010,)e -(mnemonic)g(P)m(A)o(G.)983 750 y Fp(34)p 0 1014 1495 4 v 0 -939 V -2 1012 4 75 v 1493 1012 V 538 1012 V 579 1012 V 746 -1012 V 12 1043 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)548 989 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)0 905 y Fk(APRID)169 b(Arithmetic)19 -b(Pro)r(cesso)n(r)g(Identi\014catio)q(n)218 988 y FD(70000)0 -1139 y(Read)14 b(the)i(micro)q(co)q(de)e(v)o(ersion)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)g(the) -h(pro)q(cessor)i(serial)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)g(and)g(a)g(listing)g(of)g(the)h -(fundamen)o(tal)0 1189 y(c)o(haracteristics)h(of)d(the)h(system)g(in)o(to)f -(lo)q(cation)g Fy(E)19 b FD(as)14 b(sho)o(wn.)p 0 1590 1495 -2 v -1 1590 2 299 v 0 1292 1495 2 v 1494 1590 2 299 v 124 1602 -2 13 v 248 1602 V 373 1602 V 497 1602 V 622 1602 V 746 1610 -2 21 v 871 1602 2 13 v 995 1602 V 1120 1602 V 1244 1602 V 1369 -1602 V 345 1620 a Fp(8)p 373 1440 2 150 v -350 w(0)p -1 1440 -V 19 1376 a Fy(Micr)n(o)n(c)n(o)n(de)h(Options)345 1620 y Fp(8)p -373 1590 V -350 w(0)p -1 1590 V -17 w(0)p 41 1590 V -17 w(0)p --1 1590 V 2 1490 a Fy(T)6 1529 y(2)6 1568 y(0)54 1620 y Fp(1)p -82 1590 V -17 w(1)p 41 1590 V 43 1509 a Fy(X)43 1550 y(A)96 -1620 y Fp(2)p 124 1590 V -17 w(2)p 82 1590 V 84 1509 a Fy(X)81 -1550 y(M)710 1620 y Fp(17)p 746 1440 V -358 w(9)p 373 1440 -V 394 1380 a Fy(Micr)n(o)n(c)n(o)n(de)g(V)m(ersion)710 1620 -y Fp(17)p 746 1590 V -358 w(9)p 373 1590 V 556 w(23)p 995 1440 -V -242 w(18)p 746 1440 V 782 1355 a Fy(Har)n(dwar)n(e)797 1396 -y(Options)959 1620 y Fp(23)p 995 1590 V -242 w(18)p 746 1590 -V -34 w(18)p 788 1590 V -34 w(18)p 746 1590 V 753 1488 a Fy(5)753 -1527 y(0)748 1568 y(H)793 1620 y Fp(19)p 829 1590 V -34 w(19)p -788 1590 V 790 1493 a Fy(C)796 1524 y(c)795 1565 y(h)834 1620 -y Fp(20)p 871 1590 V -34 w(20)p 829 1590 V 832 1493 a Fy(C)836 -1535 y(h)835 1565 y(n)876 1620 y Fp(21)p 912 1590 V -34 w(21)p -871 1590 V 873 1488 a Fy(X)873 1529 y(A)873 1570 y(H)917 1620 -y Fp(22)p 954 1590 V -34 w(22)p 912 1590 V 911 1488 a Fy(M)914 -1529 y(O)918 1570 y(S)1457 1620 y Fp(35)p 1494 1440 V -491 -w(24)p 995 1440 V 1022 1380 a Fy(Pr)n(o)n(c)n(essor)f(Serial)h(Numb)n(er)1457 -1620 y Fp(35)p 1494 1590 V -491 w(24)p 995 1590 V 0 1761 a -FD(0)122 b(\()p Fy(T20)6 b FD(\))15 b(The)h(micro)q(co)q(de)f(implem)o(en)o -(ts)e(paging)h(for)h(the)h(TOPS{20)f(Monitor;)g(0)g(indicates)g(TOPS{10)143 -1811 y(paging.)0 1896 y(1)122 b(\()p Fy(XA)p FD(\))14 b(The)g(micro)q(co)q -(de)g(handles)g(extended)h(addresses.)0 1982 y(2)122 b(\()p -Fy(XM)7 b FD(,)14 b(exotic)g(micro)q(co)q(de\))f(The)i(micro)q(co)q(de)e -(di\013ers)i(in)e(some)g(w)o(a)o(y)g(from)g(the)h(standard)g(v)o(ersion.)0 -2068 y(18)101 b(\()p Fy(50H)7 b FD(\))14 b(Line)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)g(frequency) -i(is)d(50)h(Hz;)g(0)f(indicates)h(the)h(standard)f(60)f(Hz.)0 -2153 y(19)101 b(\()p Fy(Cch)s FD(\))14 b(Cac)o(he)g(is)g(presen)o(t)h(in)e -(this)h(pro)q(cessor)h(if)e(this)g(bit)h(is)f(1;)g(0)g(indicates)h(that)g -(the)g(cac)o(he)g(is)g(absen)o(t,)143 2203 y(e.g.,)f(2040)g(systems.)0 -2289 y(20)101 b(\()p Fy(Chn)s FD(\))19 b(RH20)e(in)o(ternal)h(c)o(hannels)g -(are)h(presen)o(t)g(in)f(the)h(system)f(if)f(this)h(bit)g(is)f(1;)j(0)e -(indicates)g(that)143 2338 y(external)d(RH10)e(are)h(used.)19 -b(External)14 b(c)o(hannels)g(are)h(used)g(in)e(1080)g(con\014gurations.)0 -2424 y(21)101 b(\()p Fy(XAH)7 b FD(\))18 b(The)g(pro)q(cessor)i(is)e(an)g -(extended)i(KL10;)f(0)f(indicates)g(a)g(single{section)g(KL10.)31 -b(The)18 b(mi-)143 2474 y(cro)q(co)q(de)e(options)d(m)o(ust)g(of)g(course)i -(b)q(e)g(consisten)o(t)g(with)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(t)o(yp)q(e.)0 -2559 y(22)101 b(\()p Fy(MOS)5 b FD(\))13 b(The)f(system)f(has)h(a)f(master)h -(oscillator,)e(whic)o(h)i(is)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(as)j(an)f(external)i(clo)q -(c)o(k)e(source.)19 b(In)p 0 2590 720 2 v 31 2617 a Fo(34)64 -2629 y Fq(BLKI)10 b(P)m(A)o(G,)h Fn(is)g(unassigned)e(and)h(executes)g(as)h -(an)g(MUUO.)p eop -%%Page: 383 43 -383 42 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(383)293 195 y(a)15 b(system)f(con)o(taining)g(MOS)h(memory)m(,)c(the)16 -b(soft)o(w)o(are)e(m)o(ust)g(select)i(this)f(source)h(\(CPU)f(clo)q(c)o(k)g -(source)293 245 y(2\))f(from)e(the)j(PDP{11.)p 150 514 1495 -4 v 150 439 V 148 512 4 75 v 1643 512 V 688 512 V 729 512 V -896 512 V 162 544 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)698 489 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 406 y Fk(CONO)17 b(P)-5 -b(A)n(G,)43 b(Conditions)21 b(Out,)d(P)n(ager)368 488 y FD(70120)150 -639 y(Set)f(up)g(the)g(system{orien)o(ted)f(c)o(haracteristics)j(of)c(the)j -(pager)e(according)h(to)f(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(conditions)e -Fy(E)22 b FD(as)150 689 y(sho)o(wn.)p 150 979 1495 2 v 149 -978 2 187 v 150 792 1495 2 v 1644 978 2 187 v 274 991 2 13 -v 398 991 V 523 991 V 647 991 V 772 991 V 896 999 2 21 v 1021 -991 2 13 v 1145 991 V 1270 991 V 1394 991 V 1519 991 V 258 -1008 a Fp(19)p 315 916 2 125 v -117 w(18)p 149 916 V 178 844 -a FD(Cac)o(he)156 884 y(Strategy)175 1008 y Fp(18)p 232 978 -2 63 v -34 w(18)p 149 978 V 153 959 a Fn(Lo)q(ok)258 1008 y -Fp(19)p 315 978 V -34 w(19)p 232 978 V 236 959 a Fn(Load)341 -1008 y Fp(20)p 398 978 2 42 v -34 w(20)p 315 978 V 49 w(21)p -481 978 2 187 v -34 w(21)p 398 978 V 401 875 a Fn(T{20)411 -910 y(P)o(ag)507 1008 y Fp(22)p 564 978 V -34 w(22)p 481 978 -V 492 875 a Fn(En)o(b)494 911 y(P)o(ag)1586 1008 y Fp(35)p -1644 978 V -1030 w(23)p 564 978 V 747 895 a FD(Executiv)o(e)15 -b(Base)g(Address)h(\(page)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er\))673 1008 y Fp(24)p -730 978 2 42 v -34 w(24)p 647 978 V 49 w(25)p 813 978 V -34 -w(25)p 730 978 V 49 w(26)p 896 978 V -34 w(26)p 813 978 V 49 -w(27)p 979 978 V -34 w(27)p 896 978 V 49 w(28)p 1062 978 V --34 w(28)p 979 978 V 49 w(29)p 1145 978 V -34 w(29)p 1062 978 -V 49 w(30)p 1228 978 V -34 w(30)p 1145 978 V 49 w(31)p 1311 -978 V -34 w(31)p 1228 978 V 49 w(32)p 1394 978 V -34 w(32)p -1311 978 V 49 w(33)p 1478 978 V -34 w(33)p 1394 978 V 49 w(34)p -1561 978 V -34 w(34)p 1478 978 V 150 1167 a FD(Load)i(bits)g(23{35)g(in)o(to) -f(the)j(executiv)o(e)f(base)g(register)h(to)e(select)i(the)f(executiv)o(e)h -(pro)q(cess)g(table.)26 b(If)16 b(bit)g(22)g(is)150 1217 y(1)h(enable)h(o)o -(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(trapping)g(and)h(enable)g(the)g(pager)g(for)f(the)h(t)o -(yp)q(e)g(of)f(paging)f(selected)k(b)o(y)d(bit)g(21:)25 b(1)17 -b(for)150 1267 y(TOPS{20,)e(or)h(0)f(for)h(TOPS{10.)23 b(The)16 -b(paging)e(selected)k Fy(must)h FD(b)q(e)d(the)h(same)d(as)i(that)g(implem)o -(en)o(ted)e(b)o(y)h(the)150 1317 y(micro)q(co)q(de)i(as)h(indicated)g(b)o(y)f -Fx(APRID)g FD(bit)g(0.)30 b(A)17 b(0)h(in)f(bit)h(22)f(prev)o(en)o(ts)i -(traps)f(and)g(disables)g(paging)e(so)i(all)150 1367 y(memory)11 -b(references)17 b(are)d(to)g(ph)o(ysical)g(lo)q(cations)f(unpaged.)1119 -1352 y Fp(35)915 1485 y Fz(CA)n(UTION)254 1576 y FD(P)o(aging)k(can)i(b)q(e)g -(disabled)f(only)f(for)h(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de.)30 b(A)18 -b(user)i(mo)q(de)d(program)g(will)g(not)h(run)254 1626 y(correctly)d(unless)g -(the)f(pager)g(is)g(turned)h(on.)150 1780 y(Select)g(the)f(cac)o(he)h -(strategy)g(according)f(to)g(bits)f(0)h(and)g(1)f(as)h(follo)o(ws:)150 -1848 y(0)p Fy(x)134 b FD(Disable)14 b(the)g(cac)o(he.)150 1933 -y(10)132 b(Lo)q(ok)17 b(for)f(all)g(references,)k(but)d(do)f(not)h(load)f(ph) -o(ysical)g(references;)21 b(for)16 b(virtual)g(references)k(act)d(as)324 -1983 y(directed)f(b)o(y)d(the)i(cac)o(he)g(bit)e(in)h(the)g(mapping)e(for)h -(the)i(page.)150 2068 y(11)132 b(Mak)o(e)11 b(complete)f(use)i(of)e(the)h -(cac)o(he)h(for)e(ph)o(ysical)g(references;)k(for)d(virtual)e(references)14 -b(act)d(as)g(directed)324 2118 y(b)o(y)j(the)g(cac)o(he)h(bit)f(in)f(the)i -(mapping)c(for)j(the)h(page.)150 2222 y(In)o(v)n(alidate)e(the)h(en)o(tire)h -(page)e(table)h(b)o(y)g(setting)g(the)h(in)o(v)n(alid)c(bits)j(in)g(all)e -(lines.)p 150 2471 1495 4 v 150 2396 V 148 2469 4 75 v 1643 -2469 V 688 2469 V 729 2469 V 896 2469 V 162 2500 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2446 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)150 2362 y Fk(CONI)18 b(P)-5 b(A)n(G,)66 b(Conditions)21 -b(In,)e(P)n(ager)368 2445 y FD(70124)p 150 2537 720 2 v 181 -2564 a Fo(35)214 2576 y Fn(Note)11 b(that)f(disabling)f(the)i(pager)f(do)q -(es)h(not)f(mean)g(there)g(can)h(b)q(e)g(no)g(page)f(failures,)g(as)h(these)g -(can)f(b)q(e)h(caused)f(b)o(y)h(conditions)150 2615 y(ha)o(ving)f(nothing)f -(to)i(do)g(with)h(paging,)d(i.e.)15 b(with)c(translating)e(virtual)h(to)h(ph) -o(ysical)e(addresses.)p eop -%%Page: 384 44 -384 43 bop 0 50 a FD(384)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(Read)h(the)h(system)f(status)h(of)f(the)h(pager)f -(in)o(to)g(the)h(righ)o(t)f(half)f(of)h(lo)q(cation)f Fy(E)5 -b FD(.)15 b(The)h(information)c(read)k(is)f(the)0 245 y(same)e(as)h(that)g -(supplied)g(b)o(y)g(a)f Fx(CONO)p FD(.)p 0 494 1495 4 v 0 419 -V -2 492 4 75 v 1493 492 V 538 492 V 579 492 V 746 492 V 12 -524 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 -469 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)0 386 y Fk(D)n(A)-5 b(T)g(A)n(O)18 -b(P)-5 b(A)n(G,)20 b(Data)e(Out,)h(P)n(ager)218 468 y FD(70114)0 -619 y(Set)13 b(up)g(the)h(pro)q(cess{orien)o(ted)h(elemen)o(ts)e(of)f(the)h -(pager)g(according)g(to)g(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(lo)q(cation)e -Fy(E)18 b FD(as)13 b(sho)o(wn.)p 0 1228 1495 2 v -1 1228 2 -200 v 0 1029 1495 2 v 1494 1228 2 200 v 248 1240 2 13 v 497 -1240 V 746 1240 V 995 1240 V 1244 1240 V 25 1258 a Fp(18)p -82 1228 2 200 v -34 w(18)p -1 1228 V 21 1091 a(No)15 1116 y(up{)10 -1154 y(date)5 1185 y(accts)108 1258 y(19)p 165 1228 2 42 v --34 w(19)p 82 1228 V 49 w(20)p 248 1228 V -34 w(20)p 165 1228 -V 49 w(21)p 331 1228 V -34 w(21)p 248 1228 V 49 w(22)p 414 -1228 V -34 w(22)p 331 1228 V 1045 w(35)p 1494 1228 2 200 v --1030 w(23)p 414 1228 V 645 1138 a FD(User)i(Base)g(Address)g(\(page)f(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er\))523 1258 y Fp(24)p 580 1228 2 42 v -34 w(24)p -497 1228 V 49 w(25)p 663 1228 V -34 w(25)p 580 1228 V 49 w(26)p -746 1228 V -34 w(26)p 663 1228 V 49 w(27)p 829 1228 V -34 w(27)p -746 1228 V 49 w(28)p 912 1228 V -34 w(28)p 829 1228 V 49 w(29)p -995 1228 V -34 w(29)p 912 1228 V 49 w(30)p 1078 1228 V -34 -w(30)p 995 1228 V 49 w(31)p 1161 1228 V -34 w(31)p 1078 1228 -V 49 w(32)p 1244 1228 V -34 w(32)p 1161 1228 V 49 w(33)p 1328 -1228 V -34 w(33)p 1244 1228 V 49 w(34)p 1411 1228 V -34 w(34)p -1328 1228 V 0 925 1495 2 v -1 925 2 200 v 0 726 1495 2 v 1494 -925 2 200 v 248 937 2 13 v 497 937 V 746 937 V 995 937 V 1244 -937 V 33 955 a(0)p 82 925 2 200 v -17 w(0)p -1 925 V 20 803 -a(Sel)18 835 y(A)o(C)12 867 y(blks)116 955 y(1)p 165 925 V --17 w(1)p 82 925 V 103 787 a(Sel)91 819 y(Prev)97 851 y(Ctx)94 -883 y(Sect)199 955 y(2)p 248 925 V -17 w(2)p 165 925 V 172 -786 a(Load)175 819 y(User)174 851 y(Base)170 884 y(Addr)282 -955 y(3)p 331 925 2 42 v -17 w(3)p 248 925 V 66 w(4)p 414 925 -V -17 w(4)p 331 925 V 66 w(5)p 497 925 V -17 w(5)p 414 925 -V 66 w(6)p 580 925 V -17 w(6)p 497 925 V 149 w(8)p 746 883 -2 158 v -183 w(6)p 497 883 V 552 798 a FD(Curren)o(t)535 839 -y(A)o(C)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)614 955 y Fp(7)p 663 925 2 42 v -17 w(7)p -580 925 V 66 w(8)p 746 925 V -17 w(8)p 663 925 V 66 w(9)p 829 -925 V -17 w(9)p 746 925 V 141 w(11)p 995 883 2 158 v -192 w(9)p -746 883 V 793 777 a FD(Previous)799 818 y(Con)o(text)784 859 -y(A)o(C)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)855 955 y Fp(10)p 912 925 2 42 v -34 -w(10)p 829 925 V 49 w(11)p 995 925 V -34 w(11)p 912 925 V 49 -w(12)p 1078 925 V -34 w(12)p 995 925 V 49 w(13)p 1161 925 V --34 w(13)p 1078 925 V 49 w(14)p 1244 925 V -34 w(14)p 1161 -925 V 49 w(15)p 1328 925 V -34 w(15)p 1244 925 V 49 w(16)p -1411 925 V -34 w(16)p 1328 925 V 49 w(17)p 1494 925 V -34 w(17)p -1411 925 V -34 w(17)p 1494 883 2 158 v -366 w(13)p 1078 883 -V 1129 798 a FD(Previous)g(Con)o(text)1221 839 y(Section)0 -1417 y(Bits)i(0{2)e(are)i(c)o(hange)f(indicators)g(for)g(parts)h(of)f(the)h -(data)f(w)o(ord:)20 b(when)c(a)f(bit)g(is)g(0,)g(the)h(corresp)q(onding)g -(part)0 1467 y(of)d(the)i(w)o(ord)f(is)f(ignored,)g(and)h(the)h(equiv)n(alen) -o(t)e(v)n(alue)g(supplied)h(b)o(y)g(a)f(previous)i Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)c -FD(remains)i(in)h(e\013ect.)0 1552 y(If)h(bit)h(0)f(is)h(1,)f(select)i(as)f -(the)g(curren)o(t)i(and)d(previous{con)o(text)i(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o(ks)h(those) -h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)e(bits)h(6{8)f(and)0 1602 y(9{11,)f(resp)q(ectiv)o -(ely)m(.)24 b(If)16 b(bit)f(1)g(is)g(1,)g(select)i(as)f(the)g(previous{con)o -(text)g(section)h(that)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f(bits)f(13{17)0 -1652 y(\(whic)o(h)f(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(zero)h(in)e(a)h(single)g(section)g(pro) -q(cessor\).)20 b(If)14 b(bit)f(2)h(is)g(1,)f(p)q(erform)g(these)i(functions:) -104 1766 y(If)e(bit)h(18)f(is)h(0,)f(up)q(date)i(the)f(user)h(accoun)o(ts)g -(as)f(explained)f(in)h FB(x)p FD(4.1.6.)104 1846 y(Load)f(bits)h(23{35)f(in)o -(to)g(the)h(user)h(base)g(register)g(to)f(select)h(the)f(user)h(pro)q(cess)h -(table.)104 1927 y(In)o(v)n(alidate)c(the)j(en)o(tire)f(page)g(table)g(b)o(y) -g(setting)g(the)g(in)o(v)n(alid)e(bits)i(in)g(all)e(lines.)p -0 2204 1495 4 v 0 2130 V -2 2203 4 75 v 1493 2203 V 538 2203 -V 579 2203 V 746 2203 V 12 2234 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 2179 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)0 2096 -y Fk(D)n(A)-5 b(T)g(AI)18 b(P)-5 b(A)n(G,)42 b(Data)18 b(In,)h(P)n(ager)218 -2179 y FD(70104)0 2330 y(Read)13 b(the)g(pro)q(cess)i(status)e(of)g(the)g -(pager)g(in)o(to)f(lo)q(cation)g Fy(E)5 b FD(.)13 b(The)g(information)d(read) -j(is)g(in)f(the)i(same)e(format)f(as)0 2380 y(that)k(supplied)g(b)o(y)f(a)h -Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)e FD(\(bits)i(0{2)f(are)h(1s)g(and)g(bit)f(18)g(is)h -(0\).)21 b(Note)15 b(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)g(that)g(only)f(the)i(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o -(k)0 2429 y(designations)19 b(and)g(user)i(base)f(address)g(are)g -(necessarily)g(the)g(same)f(information)d(supplied)j(b)o(y)h(a)f(previous)0 -2479 y Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)p FD(.)14 b(When)j(an)g(MUUO)g(stores)h(its)f(o)o -(wn)g(con)o(text)g(as)g(giv)o(en)f(b)o(y)h(the)g Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)e -FD(that)i(set)h(up)f(the)g(pro)q(cess)0 2529 y(con)o(taining)9 -b(it,)i(it)f(c)o(hanges)h(the)g(designation)f(of)g(the)h(previous{con)o(text) -h(section)f(to)f(that)h(in)f(whic)o(h)g(the)i(program)0 2579 -y(is)h(curren)o(tly)h(running.)k(Hence)d(follo)o(wing)10 b(a)j(call)g(b)o(y)g -(an)g(MUUO,)h(a)f Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)e(P)m(A)o(G,)g FD(in)i(the)h(called)f -(program)e(will)0 2629 y(see)k(as)f(the)h(previous{con)o(text)f(section)h -(that)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f(PC)g(at)g(the)g(time)f(the)h(MUUO)h(w)o(as)f -(p)q(erformed.)p eop -%%Page: 385 45 -385 44 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(385)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 75 v 1643 353 -V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 246 -y Fk(CLRPT)161 b(Clea)n(r)20 b(P)n(age)f(T)-5 b(able)20 b(Entry)368 -329 y FD(70110)562 519 y Fy(TOPS{20)624 b(TOPS{10)275 587 y -FD(In)o(v)n(alidate)17 b(the)h(page)g(table)g(mapping)d(en)o(try)275 -636 y(for)f(the)g(page)g(referenced)i(b)o(y)e Fy(E)5 b FD(.)1075 -587 y(In)o(v)n(alidate)18 b(the)i(page)f(table)g(line)g(\(eigh)o(t)h(en-)1075 -636 y(tries\))11 b(con)o(taining)f(the)h(mapping)d(for)i(the)h(page)1075 -686 y(referenced)16 b(b)o(y)e Fy(E)5 b FD(.)150 770 y(A)o(t)16 -b(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)h(turn{on)f(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(the)h(cac)o(he)g -(and)f(page)h(table)f(are)g(indeterminate,)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(is)e(in)150 -820 y(k)o(ernel)h(mo)q(de,)e(paging)g(is)h(disabled,)g(the)g(cac)o(he)h(is)f -(o\013,)g(and)g(the)h(curren)o(t)h(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o(k)f(is)h(0)g(b)o(y)g -(default.)24 b(After)150 870 y(the)19 b(fron)o(t)g(end)g(loads)f(the)h(micro) -q(co)q(de,)g(it)g(then)g(loads)f(the)h(initializing)d(k)o(ernel)k(program.)30 -b(This)19 b(program,)150 919 y(running)11 b(unpaged)h(in)f(ph)o(ysical)g -(memory)m(,)e(should)j(giv)o(e)f(an)g Fx(APRID)f FD(to)i(determine)f(system)h -(c)o(haracteristics)h(and)150 969 y(an)h Fx(SWPIA)f FD(to)i(in)o(v)n(alidate) -d(the)j(cac)o(he.)21 b(The)15 b(unpaged)f(program)f(ends)i(with)f(a)g -Fx(CONO)g(P)m(A)o(G,)e FD(that)i(selects)i(the)150 1019 y(cac)o(he)g -(strategy)m(,)e(selects)i(and)f(enables)g(paging,)e(sp)q(eci\014es)j(the)f -(executiv)o(e)h(base)f(address,)h(and)e(in)o(v)n(alidates)f(the)150 -1069 y(page)h(table.)19 b(F)m(rom)12 b(this)j(p)q(oin)o(t)e(the)i(k)o(ernel)g -(program)d(runs)j(paged)f(and)g(m)o(ust)f(set)j(up)e(the)h(\014rst)g(user)g -(or)f(users,)150 1119 y(loading)c(the)h(user)i(pro)q(cess)g(tables)e(and)g -(page)g(maps,)f(bringing)g(in)h(whatev)o(er)h(parts)g(of)e(user)i(programs)e -(and)h(data)150 1168 y(that)k(are)h(consisten)o(t)h(with)e(go)q(o)q(d)g(w)o -(orking-set)g(managemen)o(t,)e(and)i(setting)h(up)f(the)h(timing)d(and)i -(accoun)o(ting)150 1218 y(meters.)20 b(Finally)12 b(the)j(Monitor)f(giv)o(es) -h(a)f Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)e(P)m(A)o(G,)g FD(to)i(assign)g(the)h(base)g -(address)h(and)e(curren)o(t)i(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o(k)150 1268 -y(for)j(the)h(\014rst)g(user,)h(and)e(then)h(transfers)h(con)o(trol)e(to)h -(the)g(user)g(program)e(via)g(an)i Fx(XJRSTF)e FD(or)h Fx(JRSTF)p -FD(.)g(The)150 1318 y(initial)12 b Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)f(P)m(A)o(G,)g -FD(should)j(ha)o(v)o(e)f(a)g(1)h(in)f(bit)g(18)g(to)g(inhibit)g(up)q(dating)g -(accoun)o(ts)h(b)q(efore)h(an)o(y)e(user)h(has)g(run.)150 1403 -y(On)j(a)g(call)f(from)f(the)j(user)g(via)e(an)g(MUUO,)h(giv)o(e)g(a)f -Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)f(P)m(A)o(G,)g FD(to)i(determine)f(the)i(con)o(text)g(of)e -(the)h(user,)150 1453 y(i.e.)28 b(his)17 b(A)o(C)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(and)g -(section.)29 b(Then)18 b(giv)o(e)f(a)g Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)e(P)m(A)o(G,)g -FD(that)j(assigns)f(blo)q(c)o(k)g(0)g(as)h(curren)o(t)g(for)f(the)150 -1503 y(Monitor,)g(assigns)f(the)i(user)g(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o(k)h(and)f(section) -i(as)f(previous{con)o(text)g(for)g(accessing)h(user)g(space,)g(but)150 -1553 y(lea)o(v)o(es)d(the)g(base)h(address)g(alone)e(so)h(the)g(righ)o(t)g -(paging)e(is)i(still)f(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(for)j(suc)o(h)g(access.)23 -b(T)m(o)14 b(return)i(to)e(the)150 1603 y(same)d(user,)h(reassign)g(the)g(A)o -(C)g(blo)q(c)o(k)f(without)g(c)o(hanging)f(the)i(base)g(address.)19 -b(Lea)o(ving)11 b(the)h(base)g(address)g(alone)150 1652 y(also)i(a)o(v)o -(oids)f(unnecessary)j(up)q(dating)e(of)g(user)h(accoun)o(ts.)20 -b(Note)15 b(that)f(on)g(the)h(transfer)g(to)f(a)g(user)i(program)c(no)150 -1702 y(previous)17 b(con)o(text)g(v)n(alues)e(need)j(b)q(e)e(giv)o(en)g(as)h -(the)f(user)i(cannot)e(emplo)o(y)e Fx(PX)o(CT)p FD(s.)25 b(F)m(or)15 -b(switc)o(hing)h(from)f(one)150 1752 y(user)i(to)e(another,)h(giv)o(e)e(a)i -Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)d(P)m(A)o(G,)g FD(that)j(up)q(dates)g(the)g(\014rst)g -(user's)h(accoun)o(ts)f(in)f(his)g(pro)q(cess)j(table,)d(as)150 -1802 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(the)g(old)g(base)g(address,)i(and)e(then)g -(loads)g(a)g(base)g(address)i(for)d(the)i(new)g(user.)23 b(The)15 -b(transfer)h(to)150 1852 y(a)e(user)h(is)f(done)g(with)g(a)f -Fx(JRSTF)h FD(or)g Fx(XJRSTF)p FD(;)e(the)j(latter)f(also)f(restores)j(the)f -(previous{con)o(text)g(section)f(when)150 1902 y(used)h(to)f(return)h(from)d -(a)h(higher)h(to)g(a)g(lo)o(w)o(er)f(lev)o(el)h(within)f(the)h(executiv)o(e.) -150 1987 y(The)j(usual)g(pro)q(cedure)h(for)f(administering)e(A)o(C)h(blo)q -(c)o(ks)h(is)g(to)f(assign)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(1)h(to)f(all)g(users)i(and)f -(assign)f(t)o(w)o(o)150 2037 y(or)f(three)h(blo)q(c)o(ks)e(for)g(the)i(sole)e -(use)i(of)e(in)o(terrupt)h(routines.)21 b(Supp)q(ose)15 b(the)h(assignmen)o -(ts)e(are:)19 b(blo)q(c)o(k)c(0)f(for)g(the)150 2087 y(Monitor,)f(blo)q(c)o -(k)g(1)g(for)g(all)f(users,)j(blo)q(c)o(k)e(2)g(for)g(the)h(highest)g -(priorit)o(y)f(in)o(terrupt)h(lev)o(el,)e(blo)q(c)o(k)i(3)f(for)g(the)h -(second)150 2137 y(highest)g(lev)o(el,)e(and)h(blo)q(c)o(k)g(4)g(for)g(all)g -(other)g(lev)o(els.)18 b(Then)c(in)f(no)g(circumstances)h(is)g(it)e -(necessary)k(to)d(determine)150 2186 y(whic)o(h)k(blo)q(c)o(k)f(to)g(sa)o(v)o -(e,)h(and)g(in)o(terrupt)g(routines)h(on)e(the)h(highest,)g(second)h(highest) -f(and)g(lo)o(w)o(est)f(lev)o(els)h(need)150 2236 y(not)d(sa)o(v)o(e)g(an)o(y) -m(.)k(Moreo)o(v)o(er,)d(the)g(Monitor)e(need)j(not)e(ev)o(en)g(store)i(blo)q -(c)o(k)d(1)h(when)h(it)f(tak)o(es)h(con)o(trol)f(from)e(a)i(user)150 -2286 y(temp)q(orarily)m(.)h(When)e(switc)o(hing)e(from)g(one)h(ordinary)g -(user)h(to)f(another,)g(the)h(Monitor)f(usually)f(stores)i(the)g(\014rst)150 -2336 y(user's)h(accum)o(ulators)d(in)h(his)h(pro)q(cess)h(table)f(or)f(shado) -o(w)h(area)g(|)f(this)g(is)h(lo)q(cations)f(0{17)f(in)i(user)g(virtual)f -(page)150 2386 y(0,)h(an)h(area)f(not)h(generally)g(accessible)h(to)e(the)i -(user)g(at)e(all)g(|)g(and)g(loads)h(the)g(new)g(user's)h(accum)o(ulators)e -(from)150 2435 y(his)h(pro)q(cess)i(table)d(or)h(shado)o(w)g(area,)f(where)i -(they)g(w)o(ere)g(stored)g(after)f(the)g(last)g(time)e(the)j(new)f(user)h -(ran.)150 2521 y(On)e(a)g(c)o(hange)g(from)e(one)i(pro)q(cess)i(to)d(another) -i(the)f(en)o(tire)g(page)g(table)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(in)o(v)n(alidated,)e -(but)i(this)g(is)g(done)150 2571 y(automatically)e(b)o(y)k(the)g(instruction) -g(that)f(assigns)h(the)g(new)g(user)h(base)f(address.)22 b(If)14 -b(the)h(system)f(uses)i(shared)150 2621 y(or)d(indirect)g(p)q(oin)o(ters,)g -(or)f(sev)o(eral)i(virtual)d(page)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(p)q(oin)o(t)g(to)h -(the)g(same)f(ph)o(ysical)g(page,)g(then)i(the)f(table)p eop -%%Page: 386 46 -386 45 bop 0 50 a FD(386)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(in)o(v)n(alidated)e(whenev)o(er) -j(a)e(page)g(is)g(remo)o(v)o(ed)f(from)g(memory)f(or)i(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h -(is)f(remo)o(v)o(ed)f(from)g(a)h(user)0 245 y(section)i(table)g(or)g(page)g -(map.)22 b(On)16 b(the)g(other)h(hand)e(deletion)h(of)f(a)h(page)f(with)h(a)f -(unique)h(mapping)e(requires)0 295 y(only)d(that)h(a)g Fx(CLRPT)f -FD(b)q(e)i(giv)o(en)e(to)h(in)o(v)n(alidate)e(the)j(line)e(con)o(taining)g -(it.)17 b(In)12 b(m)o(ultipro)q(cessor)f(op)q(eration)h(all)f(page)0 -345 y(tables)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(cleared)g(whenev)o(er)g(one)f(is.)17 -b(CST)11 b(en)o(tries)h(can)f(b)q(e)h(used)g(to)e(comm)o(unicate)f(paging)h -(information)0 394 y(from)i(one)i(pro)q(cessor)i(to)e(another.)0 -534 y Fz(Previous{Con)n(text)k(Execute)0 619 y FD(Ordinarily)g(an)g -(instruction)h(in)f(a)g(user)i(program)d(is)h(p)q(erformed)g(en)o(tirely)h -(in)f(user)i(address)g(space,)g(and)e(an)0 669 y(instruction)f(in)g(the)g -(executiv)o(e)h(program)d(is)i(p)q(erformed)f(en)o(tirely)h(in)g(executiv)o -(e)h(address)g(space.)28 b(But)17 b(to)g(fa-)0 719 y(cilitate)c(comm)o -(unication)d(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)15 b(Monitor)f(and)f(users,)i(the)f(executiv)o -(e)h(can)f(execute)h(instructions)g(in)e(whic)o(h)0 769 y(selected)h -(references)i(cross)d(o)o(v)o(er)g(the)g(b)q(oundary)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g -(user)h(and)e(executiv)o(e)i(address)g(spaces.)19 b(This)12 -b(feature)0 818 y(is)18 b(implemen)o(ted)e(b)o(y)i(the)g(previous{con)o(text) -h(execute,)i(or)d Fx(PX)o(CT)p FD(,)e(instruction.)31 b(The)19 -b(mnemonic)c Fx(PX)o(CT)i FD(is)0 868 y(for)g(con)o(v)o(enience)i(only)d(and) -h(has)h(no)f(meaning)e(to)i(the)h(assem)o(bler;)h(it)e(is)g(used)h(simply)d -(to)i(indicate)h(an)f Fx(X)o(CT)0 918 y FD(with)d(nonzero)g -Fy(A)g FD(bits.)k(A)c Fx(PX)o(CT)f FD(is)h(an)f Fx(X)o(CT)p -FD(.)g(Although)g(the)i Fx(PX)o(CT)e FD(is)g(giv)o(en)h(b)o(y)g(a)f(program)f -(in)i(the)g(curren)o(t)0 968 y(con)o(text,)f(some)f(of)h(the)g(references)j -(made)c(b)o(y)g(the)i(executed)h(instruction)e(can)g(b)q(e)g(in)g(the)g -(previous{con)o(text.)19 b(A)0 1018 y Fx(PX)o(CT)12 b FD(can)i(b)q(e)h(giv)o -(en)e(only)g(in)g(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de,)d(but)i(the)g(previous{con)o(text)g -(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(the)h(user,)f(as)g(follo)o(wing)0 1067 y(a)j(call)g(to)h -(the)g(Monitor)f(b)o(y)g(the)i(user.)30 b(The)18 b(previous{con)o(text)h(can) -e(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)h(b)q(e)h(the)f(executiv)o(e,)h(to)f(allo)o(w)0 -1117 y(comm)o(unication)10 b(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)k(one)g(lev)o(el)e(of)h(the)h -(executiv)o(e)g(program)e(and)h(another,)g(as)g(when)h(the)f(Monitor)g(giv)o -(es)0 1167 y(an)k(MUUO)g(to)g(itself.)26 b(\(Note:)f(it)16 -b(is)h(not)g(in)o(tended)g(that)g Fx(PX)o(CT)f FD(b)q(e)h(used)h(b)o(y)f(the) -g(Monitor)g(for)f(unsolicited)0 1217 y(references)h(to)c(a)h(user)h -(program.\))0 1302 y(It)e(is)f(v)o(ery)h(imp)q(ortan)o(t)e(to)h(understand)i -(just)f(whic)o(h)g(op)q(erations)f(are)h(a\013ected)i(b)o(y)d(a)g -Fx(PX)o(CT)g FD(and)g(whic)o(h)g(are)i(not.)0 1352 y(The)j(only)f -(di\013erence)j(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(an)d(instruction)h(executed)i(b)o(y)e(a)g -Fx(PX)o(CT)e FD(and)i(an)g(instruction)g(p)q(erformed)f(in)0 -1402 y(normal)e(circumstances)j(is)f(in)g(the)h(w)o(a)o(y)e(certain)i(of)f -(its)g(memory)d(and)j(index)h(register)g(references)i(are)e(made.)0 -1452 y(T)m(o)f(w)o(ork)g(as)h(a)f Fx(PX)o(CT)p FD(,)f(an)i -Fx(X)o(CT)f FD(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(giv)o(en)g(in)f(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de,)f -(and)h(the)g(bits)g(in)f(its)h Fy(A)f FD(\014eld)h(\(9{12\))0 -1502 y(m)o(ust)d(not)h(all)e(b)q(e)j(0)f(\(in)f(user)i(mo)q(de)e -Fy(A)h FD(is)g(ignored\).)21 b(But)16 b(there)g(is)f(otherwise)h(no)e -(di\013erence)j(in)e(the)g(w)o(a)o(y)f(the)0 1551 y Fx(X)o(CT)e -FD(itself)h(is)g(p)q(erformed:)k(ev)o(erything)c(in)g(the)g -Fx(PX)o(CT)f FD(is)h(done)g(in)g(the)g(curren)o(t)i(\(executiv)o(e\))f(con)o -(text,)g(and)e(the)0 1601 y(instruction)j(to)f(b)q(e)i(executed)g(b)o(y)f -(the)g Fx(X)o(CT)f FD(is)g(fetc)o(hed)i(in)e(the)h(curren)o(t)h(con)o(text.) -21 b(Moreo)o(v)o(er)16 b(in)e(the)h(executed)0 1651 y(instruction,)k(all)e -(accum)o(ulator)f(references)21 b(\(sp)q(eci\014ed)f(b)o(y)d(bits)h(9-12)f -(of)h(the)g(instruction)h(w)o(ord\))e(are)i(in)e(the)0 1701 -y(curren)o(t)i(con)o(text.)30 b(\(Remem)o(b)q(er)17 b(that)h(the)g(executiv)o -(e)h(can)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(access)k(a)d(user)i(accum)o(ulator)e(simply)e(b)o -(y)0 1751 y(addressing)e(it)e(as)h(a)g(memory)d(lo)q(cation.\))17 -b(If)11 b(the)i(instruction)f(mak)o(es)f(no)g(memory)f(op)q(erand)i -(references,)j(as)d(in)f(a)0 1801 y(shift)h(or)h(immedia)o(te)d(mo)q(de)i -(instruction,)h(and)f(it)g(has)h(no)f(indexing)g(or)h(indirection)f(\(i.e.)17 -b(the)c(instruction)g(w)o(ord)0 1850 y(giv)o(es)i Fy(E)k FD(directly\),)c -(then)h(its)e(execution)i(di\013ers)f(in)g(no)f(w)o(a)o(y)g(from)f(the)i -(normal)e(case.)21 b(The)16 b(only)e(di\013erence)i(is)0 1900 -y(in)d(memory)f(and)i(index)f(register)i(references.)0 1986 -y(The)g(previous{con)o(text)h(is)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)d(four)h(quan)o -(tities.)21 b(F)m(ollo)o(wing)13 b(a)h(call)g(b)o(y)h(an)g(MUUO,)g(the)h -(section)f(in)0 2036 y(whic)o(h)h(the)g(calling)f(program)f(w)o(as)i(running) -f(\(its)i(PC)f(section\))g(and)g(the)h(fast)e(memory)f(blo)q(c)o(k)h -(assigned)i(to)e(it)0 2085 y(app)q(ear)f(as)g(the)h(previous{con)o(text)g -(section)g(and)e(curren)o(t)j(con)o(text)f(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o(k)h(in)g(the)g -(w)o(ord)g(read)h(b)o(y)e(a)h Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)0 2135 y(P)m(A)o(G,)p -FD(.)h(F)m(or)e(the)g(called)g(program,)e(these)j(t)o(w)o(o)f(quan)o(tities)g -(can)g(then)g(b)q(e)h(assigned)f(as)g(the)g(previous{con)o(text)h(b)o(y)0 -2185 y(a)h Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)f(P)m(A)o(G,)p FD(.)21 b(The)16 -b(curren)o(t)i(A)o(C)d(blo)q(c)o(k)h(of)f(the)h(calling)e(program)g(also)i -(app)q(ears)g(in)f(the)i(pro)q(cess)g(con)o(text)0 2235 y(w)o(ord)e(supplied) -g(b)o(y)f(the)i(MUUO.)f(V)m(arious)f(lev)o(els)h(of)g(the)g(Monitor)f(ma)o(y) -f(all)h(use)i(fast)f(memory)d(blo)q(c)o(k)j(0;)f(or)h(a)0 2285 -y(separate)i(blo)q(c)o(k)f(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(assigned)f(to)g(that)h(part)f(of) -g(the)h(Monitor)e(that)i(uses)g Fx(PX)o(CT)p FD(s)f(in)f(handling)g(MUUO)0 -2334 y(calls)e(from)g(other)h(parts)h(of)e(the)h(Monitor.)0 -2420 y(Just)i(as)g(the)g(curren)o(t)h(mo)q(de)d(is)h(indicated)h(b)o(y)f(the) -h(User)g(and)f(Public)h(\015ags,)f(the)h(mo)q(de)e(in)h(whic)o(h)g(the)h -(calling)0 2470 y(program)e(w)o(as)h(running)g(is)g(indicated)g(b)o(y)g -(Previous)h(Con)o(text)g(User)g(and)f(Previous)h(Con)o(text)g(Public.)1661 -2455 y Fp(36)1718 2470 y FD(A)o(t)f(a)p 0 2504 720 2 v 31 2531 -a Fo(36)64 2543 y Fn(Previous)10 b(Con)o(text)h(User)i(and)e(Previous)g(Con)o -(text)g(Public)g(are)h(in)g(the)f(same)h(\015ag)f(bits)h(that)f(are)h(used)f -(for)h(User)g(In-out)f(and)0 2582 y(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(in)g(user)g(mo)q(de.)k -(The)c(former)f(has)h(no)g(meaning)e(in)i(executiv)o(e)e(mo)q(de,)h(and)g -(the)h(latter)f(is)h(not)g(really)f(necessary)f(as)i(the)0 -2622 y(executiv)o(e)d(program)g(is)j(not)e(ordinarily)f(in)o(terested)g(in)i -(p)q(erforming)e(extensiv)o(e)g(mathemati)o(cal)f(pro)q(cedures.)p -eop -%%Page: 387 47 -387 46 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(387)150 195 y(call)15 b(these)i(\015ags)e(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(set)g(up)g -(automatically)c(or)j(they)h(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(set)h(up)e(b)o(y)g(a)h -(\015ag{PC)f(doublew)o(ord)g(or)g(a)150 245 y(PC)i(w)o(ord.)27 -b(Note)17 b(that)g(the)h(restrictions)g(on)e(references)k(made)c(in)g(the)i -(previous{con)o(text)f(are)h(those)f(of)f(the)150 295 y(previous{con)o(text)c -(|)f(not)g(those)h(of)f(the)h(con)o(text)g(in)f(whic)o(h)g(the)h -Fx(PX)o(CT)e FD(is)i(giv)o(en)e(|)h(with)g(the)h(single)f(exception)150 -345 y(that)16 b(if)e(the)j(curren)o(t)g(program)d(is)h(running)h(in)f -(section)h(0,)f(the)h(previous{con)o(text)h(is)e(also)g(limited)f(to)h -(section)150 394 y(0.)26 b(Supp)q(ose)17 b(the)g(executiv)o(e)h(executes)g -(an)f(instruction)f(that)h(references)i(the)e(concealed)h(user)f(area.)26 -b(Suc)o(h)17 b(a)150 444 y(reference)f(w)o(ould)d(fail)g(if)g(Previous)h(Con) -o(text)g(Public)g(w)o(ere)h(set.)150 530 y(Whic)o(h)f(references)j(in)c(the)i -(executed)h(instruction)e(are)h(made)e(in)g(the)i(previous{con)o(text)g(is)f -(determined)g(b)o(y)g(1s)150 580 y(in)f(the)i Fy(A)f FD(p)q(ortion)f(of)g -(the)i Fx(PX)o(CT)e FD(instruction)h(w)o(ord)g(as)g(follo)o(ws.)175 -698 y Fy(Bit)286 b(R)n(efer)n(enc)n(es)15 b(Made)g(in)g(Pr)n(evious{Context)g -(if)g(Bit)f(is)h(1)175 766 y FD(9)84 b(E\013ectiv)o(e)26 b(address)g -(calculation)e(of)g(instruction,)k(including)23 b(b)q(oth)i(instruction)280 -816 y(w)o(ords)14 b(in)e Fx(EXTEND)h FD(\(index)f(registers,)j(address)f(w)o -(ords)f(b)o(y)f(indirection\);)h(also)f Fx(EX-)280 865 y(TEND)18 -b FD(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(address)g(calculation)e(of)g(source)j(p)q(oin)o(ter)e -(if)f(bit)g(11)h(is)g(1)f(and)h(of)280 915 y(destination)d(p)q(oin)o(ter)g -(if)f(bit)h(12)f(is)h(1.)175 965 y(10)63 b(Memory)22 b(op)q(erands)i(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)d Fy(E)5 b FD(,)23 b(whether)h(fetc)o(h)f(or)g(store)h -(\(e.g.)45 b Fx(PUSH)280 1015 y FD(source,)22 b Fx(POP)17 b -FD(or)i Fx(BL)m(T)g FD(destination\);)i(b)o(yte)e(p)q(oin)o(ter;)i(second)f -(instruction)g(w)o(ord)280 1065 y(in)14 b Fx(EXTEND)p FD(.)506 -1050 y Fp(37)175 1115 y FD(11)63 b(E\013ectiv)o(e)17 b(address)g(calculation) -d(of)h(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ter;)g(source)h(in)e Fx(EXTEND)p -FD(;)g(e\013ectiv)o(e)280 1164 y(address)h(calculation)c(of)i -Fx(EXTEND)f FD(source)j(p)q(oin)o(ter)e(if)f(bit)g(9)h(is)g(1.)175 -1214 y(12)63 b(Byte)15 b(data;)d(stac)o(k)i(in)f Fx(PUSH)f -FD(or)i Fx(POP)p FD(;)d(source)k(in)d Fx(BL)m(T)p FD(;)h(destination)g(in)g -Fx(EXTEND)p FD(;)280 1264 y(e\013ectiv)o(e)j(address)f(calculation)e(of)g -Fx(EXTEND)h FD(destination)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)i(if)e(bit)g(9)h(is)g(1)150 -1383 y(Previous{con)o(text)e(referencing)g(is)e(useful)h(and)f(reasonable)h -(in)f(some)g(instructions)h(but)g(inapplicable)e(to)h(others.)150 -1433 y(There)k(is)f(no)f(trap)h(of)f(an)o(y)g(kind,)h(and)f(the)h(e\013ect)i -(of)d(using)h(the)g(feature)g(with)g(an)f(instruction)i(to)e(whic)o(h)h(it)f -(do)q(es)150 1483 y(not)i(apply)f(is)h(simply)e(unde\014ned.)p -150 1518 720 2 v 181 1544 a Fo(37)214 1556 y Fn(Caution:)g(if)e(the)e(curren) -o(t)f(program)g(is)j(running)d(in)i(a)g(non{zero)e(section)h(and)g(the)h -(previous{c)o(on)o(t)o(ext)d(section)i(is)h(zero,)g(and)f(bits)150 -1596 y(9)k(and)f(10)g(of)h(the)f Fq(PX)o(CT)g Fn(are)g(0)h(and)f(1)h(resp)q -(ectiv)o(ely)l(,)d(the)i(KL10)h(a)o(v)o(oids)f(global)f(indexing)g(in)h(an)g -(attempt)f(to)i(apply)e(section)g(zero)150 1635 y(seman)o(tics)h(to)h(the)h -(e\013ectiv)o(e)e(address)g(calculation)f(of)j(the)f(instruction)e(executed)h -(b)o(y)h Fq(PX)o(CT)p Fn(.)g(This)h(w)o(orks)g(prop)q(erly)m(,)e(unless)h -(the)150 1674 y(instruction)6 b(uses)j(indirect)f(addressing.)j(The)f -(instructions)c(executed)h(b)o(y)i Fq(PX)o(CT)f Fn(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)g -(carefully)e(matc)o(hed)g(to)i(the)f(capabilities)150 1714 -y(of)j(the)g(implemen)o(ta)o(tio)o(n.)p eop -%%Page: 388 48 -388 47 bop 0 50 a FD(388)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)275 238 y Fy(Applic)n(able)466 b(Inapplic)n(able)275 -324 y FD(Mo)o(v)o(e,)13 b Fx(XMO)o(VEI)369 b(LUUO,)12 b(MUUO)275 -374 y(EX)o(CH)p FD(,)h Fx(BL)m(T)p FD(,)g Fx(XBL)m(T)611 359 -y Fp(38)925 374 y Fx(A)o(OBJN)p FD(,)f Fx(A)o(OBJP)275 423 -y FD(Half)h(w)o(ord,)g Fx(XHLLI)333 b(JUMP)p FD(,)12 b Fx(A)o(OJ)p -FD(,)g Fx(SOJ)275 473 y FD(Arithmetic)452 b Fx(JSR)p FD(,)13 -b Fx(JSP)p FD(,)f Fx(JSA)p FD(,)p Fx(JSP)p FD(,)p Fx(JRST)275 -523 y FD(Bo)q(olean)504 b Fx(PUSHJ)p FD(,)12 b Fx(POPJ)275 -573 y FD(Double)h(mo)o(v)o(e)413 b Fx(X)o(CT)p FD(,)13 b Fx(PX)o(CT)275 -623 y(CAM)p FD(,)g Fx(CAI)467 b FD(Shift{Rotate)275 673 y Fx(SKIP)p -FD(,)12 b Fx(SOS)p FD(,)h Fx(A)o(OS)352 b FD(String,)13 b(except)i -Fx(MO)o(VSLJ)275 722 y FD(Logical)e(T)m(est)429 b(I/O)275 772 -y Fx(PUSH)p FD(,)13 b Fx(POP)p FD(,)f Fx(ADJSP)275 822 y FD(Byte)275 -872 y Fx(MO)o(VSLJ)h FD(\(extended)j(KL10)e(only\))275 922 -y Fx(MAP)0 1077 y FD(Note)j(that)g(no)f(jumps)g(can)h(use)g(previous{con)o -(text)h(referencing.)27 b(Ev)o(en)17 b(among)e(the)i(instructions)h(to)e -(whic)o(h)0 1127 y(suc)o(h)j(referencing)h(is)f(applicable,)g(only)e(a)i -(limited)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)i(of)g(the)i(sixteen)f(p)q(ossible)g(bit)g(com)o -(binations)d(is)0 1176 y(useful)i(or)f(meaningful.)27 b(Doing)16 -b(an)i(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(address)f(calculation)f(in)g(the)h(previous)g(con)o -(text)h(\(selected)g(b)o(y)0 1226 y(bit)d(9)g(or)h(11\))f(mak)o(es)f(sense)k -(only)c(if)h(the)h(corresp)q(onding)g(data)g(access)h(is)e(also)g(in)g(the)h -(previous{con)o(text)h(\(as)0 1276 y(selected)d(b)o(y)d(bit)h(10)f(or)h(12,)f -(except)i(11)f(or)f(12)h(in)f Fx(EXTEND)p FD(\).)h(Only)f(the)i(com)o -(binations)c(listed)j(in)g(T)m(able)f(4.1)g(are)0 1326 y(p)q(ermitted.)0 -1411 y(Execution)i(of)g(a)f Fx(BL)m(T)h FD(b)o(y)g(a)f Fx(PX)o(CT)g -FD(is)h(limited)d(to)j(these)h(three)h(cases:)104 1530 y(Where)e(all)f(op)q -(erations,)h(regardless)h(of)e(con)o(text,)h(are)h(in)e(section)i(0.)104 -1613 y(Where)f(the)h(previous{con)o(text)f(fast)g(memory)d(blo)q(c)o(k)j(is)f -(b)q(eing)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(in)f(or)h(restored)h(from)d(the)i(curren)o(t)104 -1663 y(con)o(text,)e(pro)o(vided)f(all)f(addresses)j(are)e(lo)q(cal)g(and)g -(th)o(us)g(in)g(the)h(same)e(section.)18 b(\(Remem)o(b)q(er)9 -b(that)j(regard-)104 1713 y(less)h(of)f(con)o(text)i(a)e Fx(BL)m(T)p -FD({giv)o(en)g(in{section)h(address)h(in)f(the)g(range)g(0{17)f(alw)o(a)o(ys) -g(refers)i(to)f(fast)f(memory)m(.)104 1763 y(Hence)k(an)f(A)o(C)g(blo)q(c)o -(k)g(can)g(nev)o(er)h(b)q(e)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)f(in)g(or)g(restored)h(from)e(the)h -(\014rst)h(sixteen)g(storage)f(lo)q(cations)104 1812 y(in)e(an)o(y)h -(section.\))104 1895 y(Where)h(all)d(op)q(erations)i(are)h(con\014ned)g(to)e -(a)h(single)g(section)g(in)g(the)g(previous)g(con)o(text,)h(as)f(w)o(ould)f -(b)q(e)h(the)104 1945 y(case)h(when)f(clearing)g(a)f(user)i(page.)0 -2064 y(In)f(all)f(other)h(circumstances)h Fx(XBL)m(T)e FD(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)i -(used)f(instead.)0 2203 y Fz(Address)19 b(Debugging)0 2289 -y FD(The)h(address)h(failure,)g(or)e(address)j(break,)f(feature)f(of)g(the)g -(pager)g(implemen)o(ts)e(the)i(traditional)f(program)0 2339 -y(debugging)f(tec)o(hnique)h(of)e(catc)o(hing)h(a)g(particular)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h -(of)e(memory)f(reference)k(to)e(a)g(selected)i(lo)q(cation)d(\(it)0 -2388 y(do)q(es)f(not)g(catc)o(h)g(fast)g(memory)d(references\).)27 -b(It)15 b(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)j(used)f(to)g(determine)f(whether)i(a)f(giv)o(en)f -(program)f(is)0 2438 y(mo)q(difying)8 b(a)i(particular)h(lo)q(cation,)f(is)g -(executing)i(a)e(particular)h(piece)g(of)g(co)q(de,)g(or)g(is)g(simply)d -(using)j(a)f(particular)0 2488 y(blo)q(c)o(k)j(of)f(data.)17 -b(This)c(instruction)g(uses)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(device)e(co)q(de)h(to)f -(sp)q(ecify)g(the)h(circumstances)g(in)e(whic)o(h)0 2538 y(a)i(break)g(shall) -f(o)q(ccur.)p 0 2564 720 2 v 31 2591 a Fo(38)64 2603 y Fn(As)f(of)f(KL10)g -(micro)q(co)q(de)e(2.1[442],)g(there)h(are)h(problems)e(with)j(the)e -(implemen)o(tati)o(on)e(of)k Fq(XBL)m(T)f Fn(under)f Fq(PX)o(CT)p -Fn(.)p eop -%%Page: 389 49 -389 48 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(389)394 406 y Fz(T)-5 b(able)18 b(4.1:)24 b(KL10)19 b(P)n(ermissible)d -Fm(PX)o(CT)j Fz(Addressing)g(Mo)r(des)175 576 y Fy(Instructions)242 -b(9)95 b(10)f(11)h(12)169 b(R)n(efer)n(enc)n(es)15 b(in)g(Pr)n -(evious{Context)175 662 y FD(General)318 b(0)95 b(1)115 b(0)h(0)190 -b(Data)634 712 y(1)95 b(1)115 b(0)h(0)190 b Fy(E)5 b FD(,)14 -b(Data)175 797 y(Immediate)370 782 y Fr(?)634 797 y FD(1)95 -b({)115 b(0)h(0)190 b Fy(E)175 883 y Fx(BL)m(T)384 b FD(0)95 -b(0)115 b(0)h(1)190 b(Source)634 932 y(0)95 b(1)115 b(0)h(0)190 -b(Destination)634 982 y(0)95 b(1)115 b(0)h(1)190 b(Source,)15 -b(Destination)634 1032 y(1)95 b(1)115 b(0)h(0)190 b Fy(E)5 -b FD(,)14 b(Destination)634 1082 y(1)95 b(1)115 b(0)h(1)190 -b Fy(E)5 b FD(,)14 b(Source,)g(Destination)175 1167 y Fx(XBL)m(T)356 -b FD(0)95 b(0)115 b(1)h(0)190 b(Source)634 1217 y(0)95 b(0)115 -b(0)h(1)190 b(Destination)634 1267 y(0)95 b(0)115 b(1)h(1)190 -b(Source,)15 b(Destination)175 1353 y(Stac)o(k)360 b(0)95 b(0)115 -b(0)h(1)190 b(Stac)o(k)634 1402 y(0)95 b(1)115 b(0)h(0)190 -b(Memory)13 b(Data)634 1452 y(0)95 b(1)115 b(0)h(1)190 b(Memory)13 -b(Data,)g(Stac)o(k)634 1502 y(1)95 b(1)115 b(0)h(0)190 b Fy(E)5 -b FD(,)14 b(Memory)f(Data)634 1552 y(1)95 b(1)115 b(0)h(1)190 -b Fy(E)5 b FD(,)14 b(Memory)f(Data,)f(Stac)o(k)175 1637 y(Byte)374 -b(0)95 b(0)115 b(0)h(1)190 b(Data)634 1687 y(0)95 b(0)115 b(1)h(1)190 -b(P)o(oin)o(ter)14 b Fy(E)5 b FD(,)14 b(Data)634 1737 y(0)95 -b(1)115 b(1)h(1)190 b(P)o(oin)o(ter,)14 b(P)o(oin)o(ter)g Fy(E)5 -b FD(,)13 b(Data)634 1787 y(1)95 b(1)115 b(1)h(1)190 b Fy(E)5 -b FD(,)14 b(P)o(oin)o(ter,)f(P)o(oin)o(ter)h Fy(E)5 b FD(,)14 -b(Data)175 1872 y Fx(MO)o(VSLJ)300 b FD(0)95 b(0)115 b(0)h(1)190 -b(Destination)175 1922 y(\(Extended)15 b(KL10)f(only\))49 b(1)95 -b(0)115 b(0)h(1)190 b Fy(E)5 b FD(\(=)p Fy(Y)k FD(\),)k(Destination)h(P)o -(oin)o(ter,)f(Destination)634 1972 y(0)95 b(0)115 b(1)h(0)190 -b(Source)634 2022 y(1)95 b(0)115 b(1)h(0)190 b Fy(E)5 b FD(\(=)p -Fy(Y)k FD(\),)k(Source)i(P)o(oin)o(ter,)f(Source)634 2072 y(0)95 -b(0)115 b(1)h(1)190 b(Source,)15 b(Destination)634 2121 y(1)95 -b(0)115 b(1)h(1)190 b Fy(E)5 b FD(\(=)p Fy(Y)k FD(\),)k(P)o(oin)o(ters,)h -(Source,)h(Destination)969 2246 y Fz(NOTE)150 2288 y Fr(?)185 -2303 y FD(An)i Fy(A)f FD(of)g(1000)f(is)h(the)h(\\correct")h(con\014guration) -d(for)h(a)g Fx(PX)o(CT)g FD(of)f(an)h(immediate)e(mo)q(de)h(instruction,)i -(but)150 2353 y(the)d(KL10)g(inadv)o(erten)o(tly)g(uses)h(the)f(curren)o(t)i -(con)o(text)e(section)h(rather)g(than)f(the)g(previous{con)o(text)h(as)f(w)o -(ould)150 2402 y(b)q(e)f(desired)h(in)e(sa)o(y)g(the)i Fx(PX)o(CT)d -FD(of)h(an)g Fx(XHLLI)p FD(.)h(T)m(o)f(get)g(the)i(previous{con)o(text)f -(section)g(in)f(the)i(extended)g(KL10,)150 2452 y(use)h(1100)e(instead.)p -eop -%%Page: 390 50 -390 49 bop 0 50 a FD(390)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)p 0 355 1495 4 v 0 280 V -2 353 4 75 v 1493 -353 V 538 353 V 579 353 V 746 353 V 12 384 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 330 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)0 246 y Fk(D)n(A)-5 b(T)g(A)n(O)18 b(APR,)d(Data)j(Out,)h(Arithmetic)g -(Pro)r(cesso)n(r)218 329 y FD(70014)0 480 y(Select)c(the)f(break)h(address)g -(and)e(the)i(break)f(conditions)g(according)g(to)f(bits)h(9{35)f(of)g(lo)q -(cation)g Fy(E)19 b FD(as)14 b(sho)o(wn)g(\(a)0 530 y(1)h(in)g(a)h(condition) -e(bit)i(selects)h(the)f(condition)f(indicated,)g(a)g(0)h(mak)o(es)e(no)h -(reference)j(selection)f(or)e(selects)i(the)0 580 y(opp)q(osite)d(address)h -(space\).)p 0 900 1495 2 v -1 900 2 200 v 0 701 1495 2 v 1494 -900 2 200 v 124 912 2 13 v 248 912 V 373 912 V 497 912 V 622 -912 V 746 920 2 21 v 871 912 2 13 v 995 912 V 1120 912 V 1244 -912 V 1369 912 V 345 930 a Fp(8)p 373 900 2 200 v -350 w(0)p --1 900 V 106 814 a FD(Reserv)o(ed)502 930 y Fp(12)p 539 850 -2 150 v -150 w(9)p 373 850 V 372 765 a FC(Reference)409 803 -y(T)o(yp)q(e)386 930 y Fp(9)p 414 900 2 50 v -17 w(9)p 373 -900 V 377 889 a Fy(F)419 930 y Fp(10)p 456 900 V -34 w(10)p -414 900 V 417 889 a Fy(R)461 930 y Fp(11)p 497 900 V -34 w(11)p -456 900 V 452 889 a Fy(W)502 930 y Fp(12)p 539 900 V -34 w(12)p -497 900 V 499 889 a Fy(U)1457 930 y Fp(35)p 1494 900 2 200 -v -947 w(13)p 539 900 V 876 814 a FD(Break)g(Addresss)0 1089 -y(The)f(break)h(conditions)e(selected)j(b)o(y)e(1s)g(in)f(bits)h(9{12)f(are)h -(as)g(follo)o(ws.)0 1157 y(9)122 b Fy(F)6 b FD(:)13 b(fetc)o(h.)19 -b(A)14 b(normal)e(fetc)o(h)i(of)f(an)h(instruction)g(in)g(the)g(program)e -(under)j(con)o(trol)f(of)f(PC.)0 1242 y(10)101 b Fy(R)r FD(:)14 -b(read.)21 b(An)o(y)15 b(reference)i(that)d(reads)i(except)g(the)f(normal)e -(fetc)o(h)i(of)f(an)g(instruction.)21 b(This)14 b(includes)143 -1292 y(retriev)n(al)g(of)f(op)q(erands,)i(address)g(w)o(ords)f(in)f(an)h -(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(address)g(calculation,)d(or)i(an)g(instruction)g(to)143 -1342 y(b)q(e)h(executed)h(b)o(y)d(an)h Fx(X)o(CT)f FD(or)h(user)h(LUUO.)0 -1427 y(11)101 b Fy(W)8 b FD(:)14 b(write.)k(An)o(y)c(reference)i(that)e -(writes.)0 1513 y(12)101 b Fy(U)7 b FD(:)13 b(user.)19 b(A)14 -b(reference)i(made)d(in)g(user)i(virtual)e(address)i(space)g(\(0)e(selects)j -(executiv)o(e)f(virtual)e(address)143 1563 y(space\).)0 1666 -y(The)h(break)f(mec)o(hanism)e(op)q(erates)k(only)d(for)h(virtual)f(address)j -(space.)k(It)13 b(do)q(es)h(not)f(catc)o(h)h(micro)q(co)q(de)e(ph)o(ysical)0 -1716 y(references,)k(suc)o(h)f(as)f(to)g(the)g(pro)q(cess)i(tables.)0 -1802 y(Whenev)o(er)f(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(attempts)e(one)g(of)g(the)g -(selected)i(t)o(yp)q(es)f(of)f(reference)j(to)d(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)0 1851 y(the)g(break)f(address)i(in)e(the)g(selected)j -(virtual)c(address)i(space,)g(a)f(page)h(failure)e(results)1407 -1836 y Fp(39)1458 1851 y FD(unless)i(the)g(Address)0 1901 y(F)m(ailure)h -(Inhibit)g(\015ag)g(is)h(set.)30 b(This)18 b(\015ag,)g(whic)o(h)f(is)h(bit)f -(8)h(of)f(the)h(program)e(\015ags)i(and)f(can)h(b)q(e)h(set)f(only)f(b)o(y)0 -1951 y(an)g(instruction)h(that)g(restores)i(them,)d(prev)o(en)o(ts)i(an)e -(address)i(failure)e(during)g(the)h(next)g(instruction)g(|)f(the)0 -2001 y(completion)10 b(of)h(the)i(next)f(instruction)g(automatically)d -(clears)k(it.)j(If)c(an)g(in)o(terrupt)g(or)g(trap)g(in)o(terv)o(enes,)h(the) -f(\015ag)0 2051 y(has)i(no)f(e\013ect)i(and)e(is)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)h(and)f -(cleared)h(if)f(the)h(\015ags)f(are)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(with)f(PC.)g(If)g(it)g -(is)g(not)g(sa)o(v)o(ed,)h(it)f(a\013ects)h(the)0 2100 y(instruction)f(follo) -o(wing)e(the)j(in)o(terrupt)g(or)f(trap.)18 b(Otherwise)c(it)f(a\013ects)i -(the)e(instruction)h(follo)o(wing)c(a)j(return)h(in)0 2150 -y(whic)o(h)i(it)g(is)h(restored)h(with)e(PC.)g(Using)g(the)h(inhibit)e -(\015ag,)i(the)g(Monitor)f(can)g(return)i(to)e(a)g(user)i(instruction)0 -2200 y(that)c(caused)h(an)f(address)h(failure)e(and)h(\\get)g(b)o(y)f(it.")0 -2286 y(Since)k(this)g(feature)h(is)e(en)o(tirely)h(under)h(the)f(con)o(trol)g -(of)f(the)i(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)e(I/O)h(instruction,)g(it)g(can)g(b)q(e)g(used)h -(quite)0 2335 y(\015exibly)g(for)h(the)g(executiv)o(e)h(to)f(debug)g(its)g(o) -o(wn)g(routines,)h(or)f(to)g(debug)g(a)f(single)h(user)h(program)d(without)0 -2385 y(b)q(othering)h(either)g(the)g(executiv)o(e)g(or)g(other)g(users.)30 -b(The)18 b(break)f(conditions)g(in)g(e\013ect)i(at)f(an)o(y)f(time)f(can)h(b) -q(e)0 2435 y(ascertained)e(b)o(y)f(giving)e(this)i(instruction.)p -0 2470 720 2 v 31 2497 a Fo(39)64 2508 y Fn(Executiv)o(e)8 -b(conditions)g(also)h(catc)o(h)g(virtual)g(references)f(in)i(in)o(terrupt)e -(functions,)h(but)g(the)h(page)f(failure)g(sets)h(the)g(In-out)f(P)o(age)0 -2548 y(F)m(ailure)h(\015ag)h(instead)e(of)j(resulting)d(in)i(a)h(trap)e(for)h -(an)g(address)f(failure.)p eop -%%Page: 391 51 -391 50 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(391)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 75 v 1643 353 -V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 246 -y Fk(D)n(A)-5 b(T)g(AI)18 b(APR,)37 b(Data)18 b(In,)h(Arithmetic)g(Pro)r -(cesso)n(r)368 329 y FD(70004)150 480 y(Read)13 b(the)g(curren)o(t)h(break)g -(conditions)e(in)o(to)g(bits)h(9{12)f(of)g(lo)q(cation)g Fy(E)5 -b FD(.)12 b(The)i(information)c(read)j(is)g(the)g(same)f(as)150 -530 y(that)i(supplied)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(last)g Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)p -FD(.)d(\(Note)j(that)g(the)h(break)f(address)h(cannot)f(b)q(e)h(read.\))150 -682 y Fz(4.1.6)55 b(Timing)17 b(and)i(Accoun)n(ting)150 794 -y FD(The)13 b(pro)q(cessor)i(includes)e(a)g(subsystem)g(with)f(elemen)o(ts)h -(for)g(k)o(eeping)f(trac)o(k)i(of)e(time,)f(use)j(of)e(system)g(facilities,) -150 844 y(and)17 b(use)i(of)e(individual)e(system)i(features.)30 -b(One)19 b(elemen)o(t)e(is)g(a)g(standard)h(12{bit)e(in)o(terv)n(al)h(coun)o -(ter)i(that)e(is)150 894 y(set)g(up)e(b)o(y)h(the)g(program)e(to)i(in)o -(terrupt)g(when)g(the)g(coun)o(t)g(reac)o(hes)i(a)d(preset)i(v)n(alue.)23 -b(The)16 b(others)h(are)f(meters)150 943 y(for)g(k)o(eeping)g(a)g(59{bit)f -(coun)o(t,)i(wherein)g(only)e(the)i(lo)o(w)e(order)i(sixteen)g(bits)g(are)f -(implemen)o(ted)e(in)i(hardw)o(are.)150 993 y(In)h(eac)o(h)h(case)g(the)f -(actual)g(coun)o(ting)g(is)f(done)i(in)e(a)h(16{bit)f(hardw)o(are)h(coun)o -(ter,)i(while)d(the)i(o)o(v)o(erall)e(coun)o(t)h(is)150 1043 -y(k)o(ept)e(in)g(a)g(doublew)o(ord)g(in)g(a)f(pro)q(cess)j(table.)22 -b(A)15 b(coun)o(t)h(is)f(up)q(dated)g(from)f(its)h(coun)o(ter)h(b)o(y)f(a)g -(pro)q(cedure)i(that)150 1093 y(is)c(p)q(erformed)h(p)q(erio)q(dically)e(b)o -(y)i(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(and)h(whenev)o(er)h(appropriate)e(to)h(an)f(op)q -(eration)g(requested)j(b)o(y)150 1143 y(the)g(soft)o(w)o(are.)23 -b(In)16 b(the)g(up)q(date)g(pro)q(cedure)h(the)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(a)g -(coun)o(ter)h(are)g(added)g(in)o(to)f(the)h(corresp)q(onding)150 -1193 y(coun)o(t)f(and)f(the)h(coun)o(ter)g(is)g(cleared.)20 -b(Whenev)o(er)c(the)f(micro)q(co)q(de)f(c)o(hec)o(ks)h(for)f(in)o(terrupt)i -(requests)g(it)e(up)q(dates)150 1242 y(an)o(y)f(coun)o(t)h(whose)g(coun)o -(ter)g(is)g(more)e(than)i(half)e(full,)g(i.e.)18 b(whose)c(MSB)g(is)f(1.)18 -b(The)c(curren)o(t)h(user)f(accoun)o(ts)h(are)150 1292 y(generally)f(up)q -(dated)g(when)h(the)f(Monitor)f(switc)o(hes)i(to)f(a)g(new)g(user.)150 -1378 y(A)i(doublew)o(ord)f(coun)o(t)g(is)h(a)f(59{bit)f(unsigned)i(quan)o -(tit)o(y)f(whose)h(format)d(and)i(relationship)g(to)h(the)g(hardw)o(are)150 -1428 y(coun)o(ter)f(are)f(as)g(sho)o(wn)g(here:)321 1548 y(Ev)o(en)g(Num)o(b) -q(ered)g(W)m(ord)347 b(Odd)14 b(Num)o(b)q(ered)g(W)m(ord)p -896 1571 2 21 v 150 1672 1495 2 v 150 1572 V 149 1671 2 100 -v 1644 1671 V 287 1631 a(High)f(Order)i(P)o(art)f(of)g(Coun)o(t)p -896 1671 V 162 1702 a Fn(0)670 b(35)908 1634 y FD(0)909 1702 -y Fn(0)p 938 1671 V 956 1635 a FD(Lo)o(w)14 b(Order)h(P)o(art)f(of)f(Coun)o -(t)950 1702 y Fn(1)107 b(7)950 1744 y(36)72 b(42)1117 1702 -y(8)255 b(23)1117 1744 y(43)237 b(58)1449 1702 y(24)112 b(35)p -1436 1671 V 1459 1635 a FD(Reserv)o(ed)p 1105 1871 333 2 v -1105 1771 V 1104 1870 2 100 v 1436 1870 V 1198 1834 a(Coun)o(ter)p -1104 1762 2 84 v 1436 1762 V 150 2005 a(The)13 b(en)o(tire)g(\014rst)h(w)o -(ord)e(comprises)g(the)i(high)e(order)h(thirt)o(y{six)f(bits,)g(and)h(the)g -(lo)o(w)e(order)j(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y{three)f(are)g(in)150 2055 -y(bits)f(1{23)g(of)f(the)i(second)g(w)o(ord.)673 2040 y Fp(40)726 -2055 y FD(Reserving)f(bits)h(for)f(expansion)g(at)g(the)h(lo)o(w)e(order)i -(end)g(guaran)o(tees)g(format)150 2105 y(compatibilit)o(y)c(with)j(future)h -(mac)o(hines)e(that)h(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)h(m)o(uc)o(h)f(faster)i(\(and)f -(therefore)i(require)f(bits)f(for)g(coun)o(ting)150 2155 y(smaller)e(time)h -(units\).)18 b(Altogether)12 b(there)h(are)g(four)e(meters)h(that)g(use)h -(this)f(coun)o(ter{doublew)o(ord)h(format.)i(One)150 2205 y(is)e(a)g(straigh) -o(tforw)o(ard)f(time)g(base)i(that)f(coun)o(ts)h(at)f(1)g(MHz.)18 -b(Tw)o(o)13 b(k)o(eep)g(trac)o(k)h(of)e(pro)q(cess)j(execution)f(time)e(and) -150 2255 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)i(of)h(memory)e(references)18 b(for)c(purp)q(oses) -j(for)e(user)h(accoun)o(ting.)22 b(Last)15 b(is)g(a)g(mec)o(hanism)d(for)j -(analyzing)150 2304 y(system)h(p)q(erformance)g(b)o(y)g(in)o(v)o(estigating)f -(the)i(use)g(of)e(individual)f(system)i(features,)i(either)f(b)o(y)f(coun)o -(ting)f(the)150 2354 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)c(of)h(times)f(particular)g(ev)o(en)o -(ts)i(o)q(ccur)h(or)e(measuring)e(the)j(duration)e(of)h(time)f(particular)g -(pro)q(cedures)k(are)150 2404 y(in)e(progress.)p 150 2439 720 -2 v 181 2465 a Fo(40)214 2477 y Fn(Remem)o(b)q(er,)c(it)j(is)g(a)g(prop)q -(ert)o(y)e(of)i(t)o(w)o(os)g(complemen)o(t)d(arithmetic)g(that)i(the)h(sign)f -(can)g(b)q(e)h(used)f(as)h(an)g(extra)f(magnitude)e(bit)150 -2517 y(in)j(an)g(unsigned)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)17 b(But)12 b(since)f(the)h -(hardw)o(are)f(is)i(set)f(up)g(for)g(signed)g(arithmetic)o(,)e(bit)j(0)f(of)g -(an)o(y)g(lo)o(w)o(er)h(order)e(w)o(ord)h(m)o(ust)150 2556 -y(b)q(e)f(skipp)q(ed.)p eop -%%Page: 392 52 -392 51 bop 0 50 a FD(392)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(The)k(program)d(con)o(trols)i(the)h(v)n(arious)e -(subsystem)i(elemen)o(ts)f(through)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(sets)j(of)d(I/O)h -(instructions)h(using)0 245 y(device)d(co)q(des)h(20)e(and)g(24,)f(mnemonics) -f Fx(TIM)j FD(and)f Fx(MTR)p FD(.)933 230 y Fp(41)983 245 y -FD(In)g(general)h(the)g(meter)f(co)q(de)h(is)f(for)g(handling)f(the)0 -295 y(accoun)o(ting)e(meters)g(and)g(the)h(timer)e(co)q(de)h(is)g(for)g(the)h -(other)f(elemen)o(ts,)g(but)g(the)h Fx(MTR)f FD(conditions)g(are)h(for)e(b)q -(oth.)0 345 y(Data)k(instructions)i(read)f(up)q(dated)g(doublew)o(ord)g(coun) -o(ts,)g(but)g(a\013ect)h(neither)f(the)h(coun)o(ts)f(nor)g(the)g(coun)o -(ters.)0 394 y(Condition)e(bits)i(\(in)f(a)g Fx(CONO)p FD(\))f(directly)i -(a\013ect)g(only)f(the)h(16{bit)e(hardw)o(are)i(coun)o(ters.)21 -b(Of)14 b(course)i(a)e(coun)o(ter)0 444 y(b)q(eing)k(enabled)g(do)q(es)g -(mean)f(up)q(dating)g(of)g(the)i(doublew)o(ord)e(coun)o(t)h(will)e(probably)h -(o)q(ccur.)31 b(But)18 b(to)g(reset)h(a)0 494 y(coun)o(t,)12 -b(the)g(program)e(m)o(ust)h(not)h(only)f(clear)h(the)g(hardw)o(are)g(coun)o -(ter)h(but)f(separately)h(clear)f(the)g(corresp)q(onding)0 -544 y(pair)h(of)h(lo)q(cations)f(in)g(the)i(pro)q(cess)h(table.)0 -683 y Fz(System)h(Timing)0 769 y FD(F)m(or)d(regular)h(system)f(use,)h(the)h -(pro)q(cessor)g(pro)o(vides)f(a)f(time)f(base)i(and)g(an)f(in)o(terv)n(al)g -(coun)o(ter.)21 b(The)15 b(time)e(base)0 818 y(is)h(a)g(doublew)o(ord)g(coun) -o(t)h(\(of)f(the)h(t)o(yp)q(e)f(describ)q(ed)j(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e\))d(k)o(ept)g -(in)g(lo)q(cations)g(510)g(and)g(511)f(of)h(the)h(executiv)o(e)0 -868 y(pro)q(cess)i(table.)j(It)15 b(coun)o(ts)g(elapsed)g(time)f(in)g -(microseconds)h(\(a)f(rate)h(of)f(1)h(MHz\).)21 b(Drift)14 -b(is)h(guaran)o(teed)g(to)f(b)q(e)0 918 y(less)g(than)g(5)f(seconds)i(p)q(er) -f(da)o(y)f(for)h(at)f(least)h(the)g(\014rst)g(six)g(y)o(ears)g(of)f(use.)18 -b(T)m(o)13 b(main)o(tain)e(da)o(y{to{da)o(y)h(accuracy)m(,)0 -968 y(the)17 b(Monitor)e(can)i(reset)h(the)e(time)f(base)i(once)g(eac)o(h)f -(da)o(y)g(from)e(the)j(line)f(frequency)h(clo)q(c)o(k)f(in)g(the)h(fron)o(t)e -(end)0 1018 y(pro)q(cessor)22 b(\(although)d(a)g(line)h(frequency)h(clo)q(c)o -(k)e(has)h(quite)g(lo)o(w)f(resolution,)i(it)e(has)h(v)o(ery)h(high)e -(long{term)0 1067 y(accuracy)m(.\))0 1153 y(The)14 b(in)o(terv)n(al)e(coun)o -(ter)i(is)g(a)f(12{bit)f(hardw)o(are)h(coun)o(ter)i(that)e(coun)o(ts)h(in)f -(10)p Fu(\026)p FD(s)g(incremen)o(ts)g(\(100)g(kHz\).)18 b(It)c(can)0 -1203 y(therefore)k(coun)o(t,)f(and)f(signal)g(completion)f(of,)h(an)o(y)g(in) -o(terv)n(al)f(from)g(10)p Fu(\026)p FD(s)i(to)f(40.95)f(ms;)h(and)h(it)f(can) -g(also)g(b)q(e)0 1253 y(read)i(at)g(an)o(y)f(time)f(to)h(determine)h(ho)o(w)f -(long)g(some)g(particular)g(op)q(eration)g(or)h(pro)q(cedure)h(has)f(tak)o -(en.)30 b(The)0 1302 y(coun)o(ter)18 b(can)e(b)q(e)i(used)f(for)f(an)o(y)g -(purp)q(ose)i(b)o(y)f(the)g(soft)o(w)o(are,)g(but)f(it)h(is)f(emplo)o(y)o(ed) -f(principally)g(to)i(signal)e(the)0 1352 y(Monitor)c(should)g(a)g(user)i(tie) -f(up)f(the)h(system)f(to)q(o)h(long.)k(Asso)q(ciated)c(with)g(the)g(coun)o -(ter)g(are)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(\015ags,)g(In)o(terv)n(al)0 1402 y(Done)i(and)g(In)o -(terv)n(al)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w.)18 b(Done)13 b(sets)i(when)f(the)g(coun)o(ter) -g(reac)o(hes)h(the)f(v)n(alue)e(the)i(program)e(sp)q(eci\014es)j(as)0 -1452 y(its)g(p)q(erio)q(d)h(or)g(reac)o(hes)h(its)e(maxim)o(um)c(\(all)j -(1s\);)i(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(sets)h(only)d(if)h(the)h(coun)o(ter)h(reac)o(hes) -g(its)e(maxim)n(um)0 1502 y(without)e(ev)o(er)i(matc)o(hing)c(its)j(p)q(erio) -q(d.)607 1487 y Fp(42)661 1502 y FD(Setting)f(Done)h(requests)h(an)f(in)o -(terrupt)g(on)f(the)i(lev)o(el)e(assigned)h(to)f(the)0 1551 -y(coun)o(ter,)18 b(and)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor)g(resp)q(onds)g(b)o(y)f -(executing)g(the)h(instruction)f(in)f(lo)q(cation)g(514)f(of)i(the)g -(executiv)o(e)0 1601 y(pro)q(cess)f(table.)p 0 1850 1495 4 -v 0 1775 V -2 1849 4 75 v 1493 1849 V 538 1849 V 579 1849 V -746 1849 V 12 1880 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)548 1825 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)0 1742 y Fk(WRTIME)332 -1745 y(Conditions)21 b(Out,)d(Meters)g(\(CONO)g(MTR,\))218 -1825 y FD(70260)0 1976 y(Assign)h(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(lev)o(el)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(bits)g(33{35)f(of)h(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(conditions)e -Fu(E)i FD(and)e(p)q(erform)f(the)0 2025 y(functions)c(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y) -f(bits)g(18{26)f(as)h(sho)o(wn.)p 0 2323 1495 2 v -1 2322 2 -187 v 0 2136 1495 2 v 1494 2322 2 187 v 124 2335 2 13 v 248 -2335 V 373 2335 V 497 2335 V 622 2335 V 746 2343 2 21 v 871 -2335 2 13 v 995 2335 V 1120 2335 V 1244 2335 V 1369 2335 V -25 2353 a Fp(18)p 82 2322 2 187 v -34 w(18)p -1 2322 V 17 2206 -a Fn(Set)22 2233 y(up)-1 2275 y(Accts)108 2353 y Fp(19)p 165 -2322 2 21 v -34 w(19)p 82 2322 V 49 w(20)p 248 2322 V -34 w(20)p -165 2322 V 215 w(23)p 497 2177 2 42 v -200 w(21)p 248 2177 -V 286 2164 a Fn(Accoun)o(ting)274 2353 y Fp(21)p 331 2322 2 -146 v -34 w(21)p 248 2322 V 254 2244 a Fn(Exec)272 2279 y(PI)357 -2353 y Fp(22)p 414 2322 V -34 w(22)p 331 2322 V 337 2226 a -Fn(Exec)333 2261 y(Non{)355 2296 y(PI)440 2353 y Fp(23)p 497 -2322 V -34 w(23)p 414 2322 V 419 2244 a Fn(T)m(urn)433 2279 -y(On)689 2353 y Fp(26)p 746 2177 2 42 v -200 w(24)p 497 2177 -V 540 2168 a Fn(Time)e(Base)523 2353 y Fp(24)p 580 2322 2 146 -v -34 w(24)p 497 2322 V 502 2243 a Fn(T)m(urn)516 2279 y(O\013)606 -2353 y Fp(25)p 663 2322 V -34 w(25)p 580 2322 V 585 2244 a -Fn(T)m(urn)599 2279 y(On)689 2353 y Fp(26)p 746 2322 V -34 -w(26)p 663 2322 V 681 2261 a Fn(Clr)772 2353 y Fp(27)p 829 -2322 2 21 v -34 w(27)p 746 2322 V 49 w(28)p 912 2322 V -34 -w(28)p 829 2322 V 49 w(29)p 995 2322 V -34 w(29)p 912 2322 -V 49 w(30)p 1078 2322 V -34 w(30)p 995 2322 V 49 w(31)p 1161 -2322 V -34 w(31)p 1078 2322 V 49 w(32)p 1244 2322 V -34 w(32)p -1161 2322 V 215 w(35)p 1494 2322 2 187 v -200 w(33)p 1244 2322 -V 1310 2196 a Fn(Priorit)o(y)1299 2237 y(In)o(terrupt)1280 -2279 y(Assignmen)o(t)1353 2353 y Fp(34)p 1411 2322 2 21 v -34 -w(34)p 1328 2322 V 0 2453 720 2 v 31 2480 a Fo(41)64 2491 y -Fn(Unassigned)g(instruction)o(s)g(using)g(these)h(co)q(des)g(are)g -Fq(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)i(TIM,)p Fn(,)f Fq(BLK)o(O)f(MTR,)p Fn(,)h(and)g -Fq(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)f(MTR,)p Fn(.)23 b(They)14 b(execute)d(as)0 -2531 y(MUUOs.)31 2559 y Fo(42)64 2570 y Fn(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(can)g(o)q(ccur) -f(only)h(if)g(at)h(some)e(time)h(during)f(the)h(coun)o(t,)f(the)h(program)f -(c)o(hanges)g(the)h(p)q(erio)q(d)f(to)h(a)h(v)n(alue)e(less)h(than)0 -2610 y(the)f(curren)o(t)e(coun)o(ter)h(v)n(alue.)p eop -%%Page: 393 53 -393 52 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(393)150 195 y(Only)14 b(bits)h(24{26)e(and)h(33{35)f(are)i(for)f(the)h -(system)f(timing)e(features)k(under)f(discussion)g(\(time)e(base,)i(in)o -(terv)n(al)150 245 y(coun)o(ter\);)g(bits)e(18{23)g(are)h(for)g(the)g(accoun) -o(ting)g(meters)g(discussed)i(in)d(a)h(later)g(part)g(of)f(this)h(section.) -150 330 y(The)j(in)o(terrupt)g(lev)o(el)f(assignmen)o(t)f(is)i(solely)e(for)h -(the)h(in)o(terv)n(al)f(coun)o(ter.)27 b(Bits)16 b(24{26)f(con)o(trol)i(the)g -(hardw)o(are)150 380 y(coun)o(ter)d(for)f(the)h(time)f(base,)g(wherein)h(is)g -(clear)f(it)g(and)h(turn)f(it)g(on)h(or)f(o\013)g(\(Os)h(ha)o(v)o(e)g(no)f -(e\013ect\).)20 b(The)13 b(result)i(of)150 430 y(putting)f(is)f(in)h(b)q(oth) -g(bits)g(24)f(and)h(25)f(is)h(indeterminate.)150 516 y(Bit)j(18)g(is)g(a)g(c) -o(hange)g(bit)g(for)g(the)h(accoun)o(ting)f(setup.)29 b(If)16 -b(it)h(is)g(0,)g(bits)h(21{23)e(are)h(ignored.)28 b(But)18 -b(if)e(it)h(is)g(1,)150 565 y(the)g(w)o(a)o(y)f(in)h(whic)o(h)f(the)i(meters) -f(are)g(enabled)g(is)f(adjusted)i(according)e(to)h(the)g(con\014guration)g -(of)f(those)h(bits,)150 615 y(where)g(a)e(1)g(pro)q(duces)i(the)f(indicated)g -(function)f(and)g(a)h(0)f(has)g(the)i(opp)q(osite)e(e\013ect.)25 -b(A)15 b(1)h(in)f(bit)g(23)g(turns)h(on)150 665 y(the)d(meters,)g(and)g -(while)f(on)g(they)i(automatically)9 b(k)o(eep)14 b(an)e(accoun)o(t)h(of)f -(user)i(activit)o(y)e(In)h(addition)e(the)j(meters)150 715 -y(are)f(enabled)f(during)g(in)o(terrupt)h(routines,)g(during)f(nonin)o -(terrupt)h(executiv)o(e)h(time,)d(or)h(b)q(oth)g(\(i.e.)g(all)f(executiv)o(e) -150 765 y(time\))i(as)h(selected)h(b)o(y)f(bits)g(21)f(and)h(22.)150 -850 y Fy(Notes)p FD(.)k(The)13 b(accoun)o(ting)f(bits)h(a\013ect)h(only)e -(the)h(circumstances)h(in)e(whic)o(h)h(the)g(accoun)o(ts)h(are)f(k)o(ept.)18 -b(Whenev)o(er)150 900 y(the)j(accoun)o(ting)f(meters)g(are)h(enabled,)h(they) -e(automatically)e(coun)o(t)i(b)q(oth)g(execution)h(time)e(and)h(memory)150 -950 y(references.)p 150 1191 1495 4 v 150 1116 V 148 1189 4 -75 v 1643 1189 V 688 1189 V 729 1189 V 896 1189 V 162 1221 -a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1166 -y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 1083 y Fk(CONI)18 b(MTR,)47 b(Conditions)21 -b(In,)e(Meters)368 1165 y FD(70264)150 1316 y(Read)e(the)i(status)f(of)f(the) -i(accoun)o(ting)e(meters)h(and)g(time)e(base,)j(and)f(the)g(in)o(terrupt)g -(lev)o(el)g(assigned)g(to)f(the)150 1366 y(in)o(terv)n(al)c(coun)o(ter)i(in)o -(to)e(the)i(righ)o(t)e(half)g(of)g(lo)q(cation)g Fu(E)j FD(as)e(sho)o(wn.)p -150 1664 1495 2 v 149 1663 2 187 v 150 1477 1495 2 v 1644 1663 -2 187 v 274 1675 2 13 v 398 1675 V 523 1675 V 647 1675 V 772 -1675 V 896 1684 2 21 v 1021 1675 2 13 v 1145 1675 V 1270 1675 -V 1394 1675 V 1519 1675 V 175 1693 a Fp(18)p 232 1663 2 21 -v -34 w(18)p 149 1663 V 49 w(19)p 315 1663 V -34 w(19)p 232 -1663 V 49 w(20)p 398 1663 V -34 w(20)p 315 1663 V 215 w(23)p -647 1518 2 42 v -200 w(21)p 398 1518 V 436 1505 a Fn(Accoun)o(ting)424 -1693 y Fp(21)p 481 1663 2 146 v -34 w(21)p 398 1663 V 404 1584 -a Fn(Exec)422 1619 y(PI)507 1693 y Fp(22)p 564 1663 V -34 w(22)p -481 1663 V 487 1567 a Fn(Exec)483 1602 y(Non{)505 1637 y(PI)590 -1693 y Fp(23)p 647 1663 V -34 w(23)p 564 1663 V 583 1602 a -Fn(On)673 1693 y Fp(24)p 730 1663 2 21 v -34 w(24)p 647 1663 -V 49 w(25)p 813 1663 2 187 v -34 w(25)p 730 1663 V 732 1546 -a Fn(Time)737 1581 y(Base)749 1616 y(On)839 1693 y Fp(26)p -896 1663 2 21 v -34 w(26)p 813 1663 V 49 w(27)p 979 1663 V --34 w(27)p 896 1663 V 49 w(28)p 1062 1663 V -34 w(28)p 979 -1663 V 49 w(29)p 1145 1663 V -34 w(29)p 1062 1663 V 49 w(30)p -1228 1663 V -34 w(30)p 1145 1663 V 49 w(31)p 1311 1663 V -34 -w(31)p 1228 1663 V 49 w(32)p 1394 1663 V -34 w(32)p 1311 1663 -V 215 w(35)p 1644 1663 2 187 v -200 w(33)p 1394 1663 V 1460 -1536 a Fn(Priorit)o(y)1449 1578 y(In)o(terrupt)1430 1619 y(Assignmen)o(t)1503 -1693 y Fp(34)p 1561 1663 2 21 v -34 w(34)p 1478 1663 V 150 -2008 1495 4 v 150 1933 V 148 2006 4 75 v 1643 2006 V 688 2006 -V 729 2006 V 896 2006 V 162 2037 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1983 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 1899 -y Fk(RDTIME)482 1902 y(Read)19 b(Time)f(Base)g(\(D)n(A)-5 b(T)g(AI)19 -b(TIM,\))368 1982 y FD(70204)150 2133 y(Read)e(the)g(time)f(base)h(doublew)o -(ord)g(coun)o(t)g(from)e(lo)q(cations)i(510)f(and)h(511)f(in)g(the)i -(executiv)o(e)g(pro)q(cess)h(table,)150 2183 y(add)14 b(the)h(curren)o(t)h -(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)h(time)e(base)i(hardw)o(are)g(coun)o(ter)h(to)e -(the)h(doublew)o(ord)g(read,)f(and)h(place)f(the)150 2233 y(result)h(in)e(lo) -q(cation)g Fu(E)r FD(,)g Fu(E)f FD(+)d(1.)p 150 2481 1495 4 -v 150 2407 V 148 2480 4 75 v 1643 2480 V 688 2480 V 729 2480 -V 896 2480 V 162 2511 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)698 2457 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 2373 y Fk(CONO)17 -b(TIM,)43 b(Conditions)21 b(Out,)d(Interval)h(Counter)368 2456 -y FD(70220)150 2607 y(Set)14 b(up)g(the)h(in)o(terv)n(al)e(coun)o(ter)i -(according)f(to)f(the)i(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(conditions)f Fu(E)i -FD(as)e(sho)o(wn.)p eop -%%Page: 394 54 -394 53 bop 0 50 a FD(394)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)p 0 403 1495 2 v -1 403 2 187 v 0 217 1495 -2 v 1494 403 2 187 v 124 415 2 13 v 248 415 V 373 415 V 497 -415 V 622 415 V 746 423 2 21 v 871 415 2 13 v 995 415 V 1120 -415 V 1244 415 V 1369 415 V 25 433 a Fp(18)p 82 403 2 187 v --34 w(18)p -1 403 V 17 285 a Fn(Clr)5 321 y(In)o(tvl)13 356 -y(Cn)o(t)108 433 y Fp(19)p 165 403 2 21 v -34 w(19)p 82 403 -V 49 w(20)p 248 403 V -34 w(20)p 165 403 V 49 w(21)p 331 403 -2 187 v -34 w(21)p 248 403 V 253 268 a Fn(T)m(urn)254 303 y(In)o(tvl)262 -338 y(Cn)o(t)267 374 y(On)357 433 y Fp(22)p 414 403 V -34 w(22)p -331 403 V 349 282 a Fn(Clr)337 318 y(In)o(tvl)340 353 y(Flag)440 -433 y Fp(23)p 497 403 2 21 v -34 w(23)p 414 403 V 962 w(35)p -1494 403 2 187 v -947 w(24)p 497 403 V 860 324 a FD(In)o(terv)n(al)g(P)o -(erio)q(d)606 433 y Fp(25)p 663 403 2 21 v -34 w(25)p 580 403 -V 49 w(26)p 746 403 V -34 w(26)p 663 403 V 49 w(27)p 829 403 -V -34 w(27)p 746 403 V 49 w(28)p 912 403 V -34 w(28)p 829 403 -V 49 w(29)p 995 403 V -34 w(29)p 912 403 V 49 w(30)p 1078 403 -V -34 w(30)p 995 403 V 49 w(31)p 1161 403 V -34 w(31)p 1078 -403 V 49 w(32)p 1244 403 V -34 w(32)p 1161 403 V 49 w(33)p -1328 403 V -34 w(33)p 1244 403 V 49 w(34)p 1411 403 V -34 w(34)p -1328 403 V 0 592 a FD(A)f(1)g(in)g(bit)g(18)f(clears)i(the)g(coun)o(ter,)g -(and)f(can)g(b)q(e)h(giv)o(en)e(sim)o(ultaneously)f(with)i(a)g(1)g(or)g(0)g -(in)f(bit)h(21)g(to)g(turn)g(the)0 642 y(coun)o(ter)j(on)f(or)g(o\013.)22 -b(A)16 b(1)e(in)h(bit)g(22)g(clears)h(b)q(oth)f(In)o(terv)n(al)g(Done)g(and)g -(In)o(terv)n(al)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w.)22 b(If)15 b(the)h(coun)o(ter)g(is)0 -692 y(on,)d(In)o(terv)n(al)h(Done)f(will)g(set)i(when)f(the)h(coun)o(t)f -(reac)o(hes)h(the)g(v)n(alue)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f(bits)g(24{35.)p -0 941 1495 4 v 0 866 V -2 939 4 75 v 1493 939 V 538 939 V 579 -939 V 746 939 V 12 970 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 916 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)0 832 y Fk(CONI)18 -b(TIM,)66 b(Conditions)21 b(In,)e(Interval)g(Counter)218 915 -y FD(70224)0 1066 y(Read)c(the)g(status)h(of)e(the)h(in)o(terv)n(al)f(coun)o -(ter)i(in)o(to)e(lo)q(cation)g(E)h(as)g(sho)o(wn.)20 b(The)c(single)e(bit)h -(that)f(can)h(cause)h(an)0 1116 y(in)o(terrupt)f(is)e(bit)h(22,)f(In)o(terv)n -(al)g(Done.)p 0 1746 1495 2 v -1 1745 2 187 v 0 1559 1495 2 -v 1494 1745 2 187 v 248 1757 2 13 v 497 1757 V 746 1757 V 995 -1757 V 1244 1757 V 25 1775 a Fp(18)p 82 1745 2 21 v -34 w(18)p --1 1745 V 49 w(19)p 165 1745 V -34 w(19)p 82 1745 V 49 w(20)p -248 1745 V -34 w(20)p 165 1745 V 215 w(23)p 497 1641 2 84 v --200 w(21)p 248 1641 V 314 1594 a Fn(In)o(terv)n(al)311 1629 -y(Coun)o(ter)440 1775 y Fp(23)p 497 1745 2 187 v -200 w(21)p -248 1745 V -34 w(21)p 331 1745 2 63 v -34 w(21)p 248 1745 V -267 1725 a Fn(On)357 1775 y Fp(22)p 414 1745 V -34 w(22)p 331 -1745 V 334 1725 a Fn(Done)440 1775 y Fp(23)p 497 1745 V -34 -w(23)p 414 1745 V 424 1725 a Fn(Ov\015)365 1554 y(*)440 1775 -y Fp(23)p 497 1745 2 21 v -34 w(23)p 414 1745 V 962 w(35)p -1494 1745 2 187 v -947 w(24)p 497 1745 V 860 1666 a FD(In)o(terv)n(al)h(P)o -(erio)q(d)606 1775 y Fp(25)p 663 1745 2 21 v -34 w(25)p 580 -1745 V 49 w(26)p 746 1745 V -34 w(26)p 663 1745 V 49 w(27)p -829 1745 V -34 w(27)p 746 1745 V 49 w(28)p 912 1745 V -34 w(28)p -829 1745 V 49 w(29)p 995 1745 V -34 w(29)p 912 1745 V 49 w(30)p -1078 1745 V -34 w(30)p 995 1745 V 49 w(31)p 1161 1745 V -34 -w(31)p 1078 1745 V 49 w(32)p 1244 1745 V -34 w(32)p 1161 1745 -V 49 w(33)p 1328 1745 V -34 w(33)p 1244 1745 V 49 w(34)p 1411 -1745 V -34 w(34)p 1328 1745 V 0 1414 1495 2 v -1 1413 2 187 -v 0 1227 1495 2 v 1494 1413 2 187 v 248 1425 2 13 v 497 1425 -V 746 1425 V 995 1425 V 1244 1425 V 33 1443 a(0)p 82 1413 2 -21 v -17 w(0)p -1 1413 V 66 w(1)p 165 1413 V -17 w(1)p 82 1413 -V 66 w(2)p 248 1413 V -17 w(2)p 165 1413 V 66 w(3)p 331 1413 -V -17 w(3)p 248 1413 V 66 w(4)p 414 1413 V -17 w(4)p 331 1413 -V 66 w(5)p 497 1413 V -17 w(5)p 414 1413 V 971 w(17)p 1494 -1413 2 187 v -939 w(6)p 497 1413 V 864 1334 a FD(In)o(terv)n(al)f(Coun)o(t) -614 1443 y Fp(7)p 663 1413 2 21 v -17 w(7)p 580 1413 V 66 w(8)p -746 1413 V -17 w(8)p 663 1413 V 66 w(9)p 829 1413 V -17 w(9)p -746 1413 V 58 w(10)p 912 1413 V -34 w(10)p 829 1413 V 49 w(11)p -995 1413 V -34 w(11)p 912 1413 V 49 w(12)p 1078 1413 V -34 -w(12)p 995 1413 V 49 w(13)p 1161 1413 V -34 w(13)p 1078 1413 -V 49 w(14)p 1244 1413 V -34 w(14)p 1161 1413 V 49 w(15)p 1328 -1413 V -34 w(15)p 1244 1413 V 49 w(16)p 1411 1413 V -34 w(16)p -1328 1413 V 0 1934 a FD(Bits)i(22)e(and)h(23)g(are)h(the)g(coun)o(ter)g -(\015ags;)f(note)g(that)g(Done)h(can)f(b)q(e)h(set)g(alone,)e(but)i(a)f(1)g -(in)f(bit)h(23)g(implies)e(a)i(1)0 1984 y(in)h(bit)h(22)f(as)h(w)o(ell.)23 -b(Bits)16 b(24{35)f(are)h(the)g(p)q(erio)q(d)g(supplied)g(b)o(y)g(the)g -Fx(CONO)p FD(,)f(and)g(bits)h(6{17)f(are)h(the)g(curren)o(t)0 -2034 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)e(the)i(coun)o(ter.)0 2173 y Fz(User)j(Accoun)n -(ts)0 2259 y FD(Tw)o(o)9 b(doublew)o(ord)h(coun)o(ts)g(are)h(k)o(ept)f(for)f -(ev)o(ery)i(user)g(pro)q(cess.)18 b(These)12 b(are)e(under)g(the)h(con)o -(trol)e(of)h(the)g(accoun)o(ting)0 2308 y(bits)i(in)g(a)g(CONO)h(MTR,)f(as)g -(describ)q(ed)i(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e,)e(and)g(they)h(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(w)o(ork)h -(together)i(|)e(i.e.)f(the)i(bits)f(that)h(select)0 2358 y(the)h -(circumstances)h(for)e(accoun)o(ting)g(do)h(so)g(for)f(b)q(oth)h(of)f(them.)k -(When)d(the)g(accoun)o(ting)f(meters)h(are)g(enabled,)0 2408 -y(the)i(execution)h(meter)f(coun)o(ts)g(at)g(half)f(the)h(system)g(clo)q(c)o -(k)g(rate)g(while)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(is)d(actually)g(executing)0 -2458 y(instruction)k(op)q(erations,)h(in)f(other)g(w)o(ords)g(except)i(while) -d(w)o(aiting)f(for)i(memory)d(\(note)k(that)f(fast)f(memory)0 -2508 y(references)h(are)e(handled)g(during)f(execution)h(|)f(there)i(is)e(no) -g(w)o(ait\).)25 b(The)17 b(memory)d(meter)i(coun)o(ts)h(memory)0 -2557 y(references)g(b)o(y)d(or)g(for)g(instructions,)g(not)g(including)g -(fast)g(memory)d(references.)22 b(Eac)o(h)14 b(individual)f(instruction)0 -2607 y(reference)19 b(is)e(regarded)h(as)f(a)g(single)f(reference)j(ev)o(en)f -(if)e(it)h(requires)h(a)e(page)h(re\014ll,)g(and)g(ev)o(en)g(if)f(in)h(one)g -(case)p eop -%%Page: 395 55 -395 54 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(395)150 195 y(memory)11 b(con)o(trol)h(migh)o(t)f(handle)i(four)g(w)o -(ords)g(whereas)h(in)f(the)h(next)f(three)i(cases)f(the)g(references)i(migh)o -(t)10 b(b)q(e)k(to)150 245 y(the)g(cac)o(he.)150 330 y(While)e(the)h(accoun)o -(ting)f(meters)h(are)g(on,)f(they)i(are)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(enabled)i(in)f(user) -i(mo)q(de,)d(except)j(in)e(certain)i(sp)q(ecial)150 380 y(pro)q(cedures)j -(discussed)g(at)e(the)h(end)g(of)e(this)i(paragraph.)21 b(Additional)14 -b(enabling)g(circumstances)i(are)g(selected)150 430 y(b)o(y)h(bits)g(21)f -(and)h(22)f(of)g(a)h(CONO)g(MTR,.)26 b(Bit)17 b(21)f(enables)i(while)e(in)o -(terrupts)i(are)f(actually)f(b)q(eing)h(held,)g(in)150 480 -y(other)h(w)o(ords)f(during)g(the)h(execution)g(of)f(in)o(terrupt)h -(routines.)29 b(Bit)17 b(22)g(enables)h(in)f(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de)f(except) -150 530 y(while)c(in)o(terrupts)h(are)g(b)q(eing)f(held.)18 -b(Programmi)o(ng)10 b(1s)k(in)e(b)q(oth)i(bits)f(causes)i(selection)f -(throughout)f(executiv)o(e)150 580 y(mo)q(de.)28 b(Note)18 -b(that)g(in)o(terrupt)h(routines)f(executed)h(in)f(user)g(mo)q(de)f(are)h -(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(included)g(regardless)i(of)e(the)150 629 y(selected)c -(circumstances)e(b)o(y)g(virtue)g(of)f(their)h(b)q(eing)g(in)f(user)i(mo)q -(de.)k(Lastly)11 b(there)h(are)f(t)o(w)o(o)f(circumstances)i(that)150 -679 y(automatically)7 b(disable)j(the)g(meters)g(regardless)i(of)d(an)o(y)h -(selection)g(made)f(and)h(whatev)o(er)h(mo)q(de)e(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(is)150 -729 y(in.)17 b(These)d(are)f(the)g(execution)g(of)f(in)o(terrupt)h(functions) -f(\(PI)h(cycles\))h(\()p FB(x)q FD(4.1.1\))c(and)j(sp)q(ecial)f(exempt)g -(micro)q(co)q(de)150 779 y(pro)q(cedures:)20 b(up)q(dating)14 -b(the)g(meters,)g(handling)f(a)g(page)h(failure,)f(and)g(handling)g(a)h -(TOPS{20)f(page)h(re\014ll.)1876 764 y Fp(43)150 864 y FD(When)f(a)g(D)o(A)m -(T)m(A)o(O)f(P)m(A)o(G,)f(assigns)i(a)g(new)g(user)h(base)g(address)g(\()p -FB(x)q FD(4.1.5\),)d(the)i(accoun)o(ts)h(for)e(the)i(preceding)g(user)150 -914 y(are)h(up)q(dated)g(in)e(this)i(pro)q(cess)h(table)e(unless)h(suc)o(h)g -(action)f(is)g(inhibited)f(b)o(y)h(a)g(1)g(in)g(bit)g(18.)k(The)d(program)e -(can)150 964 y(read)h(the)h(curren)o(t)g(user)g(accoun)o(ts)g(b)o(y)f(these)h -(t)o(w)o(o)e(instructions.)p 150 1213 1495 4 v 150 1138 V 148 -1211 4 75 v 1643 1211 V 688 1211 V 729 1211 V 896 1211 V 162 -1243 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -1188 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 1105 y Fk(RDEA)n(CT)482 1107 -y(Read)19 b(Execution)h(Account)f(\(D)n(A)-5 b(T)g(AI)19 b(MTR,\))368 -1187 y FD(70244)150 1338 y(Read)c(the)g(pro)q(cess)i(execution)f(time)d -(doublew)o(ord)i(coun)o(t)g(from)f(lo)q(cations)g(504)g(and)h(505)f(in)h(the) -g(user)h(pro)q(cess)150 1388 y(table,)c(add)g(the)i(curren)o(t)g(con)o(ten)o -(ts)f(of)f(the)h(execution)g(time)e(hardw)o(are)i(coun)o(ter)h(to)e(the)h -(doublew)o(ord)f(read,)h(and)150 1438 y(place)h(the)h(result)f(in)g(lo)q -(cation)f Fu(E)r FD(,)g Fu(E)e FD(+)f(1.)p 150 1687 1495 4 -v 150 1612 V 148 1685 4 75 v 1643 1685 V 688 1685 V 729 1685 -V 896 1685 V 162 1717 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)698 1662 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 1579 y Fk(RDMA)n(CT)482 -1581 y(Read)19 b(Memo)n(ry)f(Account)h(\(BLKI)f(MTR,\))368 -1661 y FD(70240)150 1812 y(Read)13 b(the)h(memory)d(reference)k(doublew)o -(ord)e(coun)o(t)h(from)e(lo)q(cations)g(506)h(and)g(507)f(in)h(the)h(user)g -(pro)q(cess)i(table,)150 1862 y(add)h(the)g(curren)o(t)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of) -e(the)h(memory)d(reference)20 b(hardw)o(are)d(coun)o(ter)g(to)g(the)g -(doublew)o(ord)g(read,)g(and)150 1912 y(place)d(the)h(result)f(on)g(lo)q -(cation)f Fu(E)r FD(,)g Fu(E)f FD(+)d(1.)150 1997 y(The)18 -b(accoun)o(ting)f(meters)h(pro)o(vide)f(an)g(accurate)i(and)e(repro)q -(ducible)h(measure)f(of)g(the)h(resources)i(used)e(b)o(y)f(a)150 -2047 y(giv)o(en)f(pro)q(cess.)27 b(Ev)o(en)17 b(though)f(one)g(mo)q(del)f -(pro)q(cessor)j(ma)o(y)d(di\013er)h(in)g(sp)q(eed)i(from)c(another,)j(the)g -(execution)150 2097 y(time)12 b(coun)o(t)i(should)f(b)q(e)h(the)g(same)f(for) -g(a)g(giv)o(en)g(program)e(run)j(on)f(either)i(of)d(them)h(\(the)h(unit)f(of) -g(time)f(coun)o(ted)150 2147 y(will)k(of)h(course)h(b)q(e)g(di\013eren)o -(t\).)30 b(Billing)16 b(of)g(c)o(harges)j(to)e(a)g(user)h(can)g(b)q(e)g -(based)g(on)f(the)h(execution)g(time)e(and)150 2197 y(the)i(memory)d -(reference)20 b(coun)o(t)e(tak)o(en)f(separately)m(,)i(or)e(a)g(time)f(equiv) -n(alen)o(t)h(can)h(b)q(e)g(assigned)g(to)f(a)g(memory)150 2246 -y(reference)f(and)e(the)h(t)o(w)o(o)e(accoun)o(ts)i(com)o(bined)d(in)i(a)f -(single)h(quan)o(tit)o(y)m(.)150 2386 y Fz(P)n(erformance)j(Analysis)150 -2471 y FD(The)12 b(p)q(erformance)g(analysis)f(meter)h(is)g(a)f(to)q(ol)h -(for)f(studying)h(the)g(p)q(erformance)g(of)f(the)i(hardw)o(are)f(and)g(soft) -o(w)o(are)p 150 2506 720 2 v 181 2533 a Fo(43)214 2544 y Fn(A)d(TOPS{10)g -(page)f(re\014ll)g(is)h(excluded)e(from)h(accoun)o(ting)e(b)o(y)j(virtue)e -(of)i(b)q(eing)f(done)g(b)o(y)h(memory)d(con)o(trol)i(while)h(the)f -(execution)150 2584 y(meter)i(is)h(w)o(aiting.)p eop -%%Page: 396 56 -396 55 bop 0 50 a FD(396)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(of)h(the)i(system.)24 b(With)15 -b(it,)g(the)i(analysis)e(soft)o(w)o(are)h(can)g(\014nd)g(b)q(ottlenec)o(ks,)h -(suc)o(h)g(as)f(o)o(v)o(eruse)g(of)g(a)f(particular)0 245 y(system)k(facilit) -o(y)m(.)31 b(Information)17 b(of)i(this)g(sort)g(should)g(help)h(the)f -(system)g(administrator)e(decide)k(what)e(new)0 295 y(equipmen)o(t)f(to)h -(add)g(or)g(ho)o(w)f(to)h(expand)g(the)h(system,)f(and)g(should)g(help)g -(Digital)e(decide)j(ho)o(w)e(to)h(mo)q(dify)0 345 y(existing)14 -b(soft)o(w)o(are)g(or)f(what)h(new)g(hardw)o(are)h(or)f(soft)o(w)o(are)g(to)f -(design.)0 430 y(The)e(result)h(of)e(an)h(analysis)f(is)h(a)f(doublew)o(ord)h -(coun)o(t)g(k)o(ept)h(in)e(lo)q(cations)g(512)g(and)h(513)f(of)h(the)g -(executiv)o(e)h(pro)q(cess)0 480 y(table.)19 b(Av)n(ailable)13 -b(to)h(the)h(analyzer)g(is)f(a)g(large)g(set)h(of)f(logic)f(signals)h -(represen)o(ting)i(v)n(arious)d(conditions)h(in)g(the)0 530 -y(system.)k(Incremen)o(ting)13 b(of)g(the)i(hardw)o(are)f(coun)o(ter)h(is)e -(con)o(trolled)h(b)o(y)g(a)f(subset)i(of)e(these)j(conditions)d(selected)0 -580 y(b)o(y)e(the)h(program.)j(The)d(conditions)f(are)g(treated)i(as)e(a)g -(Bo)q(olean)g(expression,)h(and)f(are)h(divided)f(in)o(to)f(six)h(groups,)0 -629 y(eac)o(h)17 b(corresp)q(onding)g(to)e(a)h(term)g(in)f(the)i(expression.) -26 b(Coun)o(ting)15 b(is)h(enabled)g(when)h(the)f(expression)i(is)e(true,)0 -679 y(whic)o(h)d(requires)h(that)e(all)g(six)g(terms)h(b)q(e)g(true.)19 -b(Within)12 b(eac)o(h)h(term)f(the)h(conditions)g(are)g(ored,)g(so)g(a)f(giv) -o(en)h(term)0 729 y(is)e(true)h(when)f(an)o(y)g(c)o(hosen)h(condition)e(in)h -(it)g(is)f(true.)18 b(In)11 b(eac)o(h)h(term)e(the)i(program)e(m)o(ust)g -(select)i(some)e(condition,)0 779 y(or)j(the)h(term)e(will)g(b)q(e)i(false)f -(b)o(y)g(default.)k(Selection)c(of)g(conditions)g(is)g(b)o(y)g(means)f(of)g -(the)i(bit)f(con\014guration)g(of)f(a)0 829 y(w)o(ord)j(supplied)g(to)g(the)h -(analyzer.)22 b(The)16 b(follo)o(wing)c(table)k(lists)f(the)g(categories)i -(of)d(conditions)h(for)g(the)h(terms,)0 878 y(the)c(bits)f(in)f(the)i(w)o -(ord)f(that)g(mak)o(e)f(the)h(selection,)h(and)f(the)h(individual)d -(conditions)h(a)o(v)n(ailable)f(in)i(eac)o(h)g(category)m(.)179 -961 y Fy(T)m(erms)123 b(Bits)508 b(Conditions)179 1047 y FD(Mo)q(de)137 -b(27{28)49 b(User,)14 b(executiv)o(e,)h(ignore.)179 1097 y(Memory)87 -b(12{16)49 b(Pro)q(cessor)16 b(w)o(aiting)d(\(E)i(b)q(o)o(x)f(w)o(ait\),)g -(cac)o(he)h(miss,)e(writebac)o(k)i(for)571 1146 y(reference)22 -b(\(cac)o(he)f(writebac)o(k\),)h(writebac)o(k)e(for)f(sw)o(eep)i(\(sw)o(eep) -571 1196 y(write\),)14 b(ignore)179 1246 y(In)o(terrupt)73 -b(18{26)49 b(In)o(terrupt)15 b(on)f(an)o(y)f(lev)o(el)g(0{7,)g(no)h(in)o -(terrupt)g(in)g(progress)179 1296 y(Channels)72 b(0{8)91 b(An)o(y)14 -b(c)o(hannel)g(busy)g(\(0{7\),)f(ignore)179 1346 y(Micro)q(co)q(de)51 -b(9)133 b(Micro)q(co)q(de)15 b(enable,)e(ignore)179 1396 y(Prob)q(e)131 -b(10{11)49 b(Prob)q(e)15 b(high)e(or)h(lo)o(w,)e(ignore)0 1479 -y(By)k(setting)h(bits)f(18{26)e(to)i(select)h(all)e(a)o(v)n(ailable)f(in)o -(terrupt)j(conditions)e(|)h(in)o(terrupts)h(on)f(all)e(lev)o(els)i(and)g(no)0 -1529 y(in)o(terrupt)f(|)e(the)i(program)d(e\013ectiv)o(ely)j(deletes)g(the)g -(in)o(terrupt)g(term)e(from)f(the)j(expression.)k(In)14 b(other)h(w)o(ords)0 -1579 y(it)c(forces)h(the)g(term)f(true)i(so)e(the)h(state)g(of)f(the)h(in)o -(terrupt)h(system)e(has)g(no)h(e\013ect)h(on)e(whether)i(analysis)d(coun)o -(ting)0 1629 y(is)i(enabled.)18 b(All)11 b(other)i(categories)g(include)f(a)g -(sp)q(eci\014c)i(pro)o(vision)d(b)o(y)h(whic)o(h)g(the)h(program)e(can)h -(force)h(the)g(term)0 1678 y(true)18 b(and)g(th)o(us)f(cause)i(the)f -(selected)h(conditions)e(in)g(it)g(to)g(b)q(e)h(ignored)g(in)f(ev)n(aluating) -f(the)i(expression.)29 b(F)m(or)0 1728 y(example)15 b(the)j(mo)q(de)d(c)o -(hoice)i(is)g(made)e(b)o(y)i(bit)f(27:)23 b(1)16 b(selects)j(user)f(mo)q(de,) -d(0)i(selects)h(executiv)o(e.)28 b(But)17 b(a)f(1)g(in)0 1778 -y(bit)g(28)g(causes)i(the)f(selection)g(made)f(b)o(y)g(bit)g(27)g(to)g(b)q(e) -i(ignored;)f(th)o(us)g(enabling)e(of)h(the)h(analyzer)g(no)f(longer)0 -1828 y(dep)q(ends)g(on)d(the)i(mo)q(de)e(and)g(is)h(purely)g(a)g(function)f -(of)h(the)g(conditions)g(selected)h(in)f(other)g(categories.)0 -1913 y(Besides)20 b(selecting)e(conditions)g(for)g(analysis,)f(the)i(program) -d(also)i(c)o(ho)q(oses)h(the)g(coun)o(ting)e(metho)q(d)g(used)i(b)o(y)0 -1963 y(the)e(analyzer.)24 b(In)16 b(the)h(duration)f(metho)q(d)f(the)i -(analyzer)f(coun)o(ts)h(at)e(half)h(the)g(system)g(clo)q(c)o(k)g(rate)h -(while)e(the)0 2013 y(expression)k(is)f(true.)30 b(In)18 b(the)g(ev)o(en)o(t) -h(metho)q(d)e(the)h(coun)o(ter)h(adv)n(ances)f(one)g(step)h(eac)o(h)f(time)e -(the)j(expression)0 2063 y(c)o(hanges)g(from)d(false)i(to)g(true.)31 -b(Selection)19 b(of)e(m)o(ultiple)f(conditions)h(for)h(the)h(duration)e -(metho)q(d)h(pro)q(duces)h(a)0 2113 y(comp)q(osite)c(picture)h(of)f(p)q -(erformance.)22 b(Supp)q(ose)17 b(w)o(e)f(select)g(in)o(terrupts)h(on)e(lev)o -(els)h(4)f(and)g(6)g(as)h(our)f(in)o(terrupt)0 2162 y(conditions.)i(The)d -(analyzer)f(will)f(then)i(giv)o(e)e(a)h(coun)o(t)h(of)e(the)i(total)e(time)g -(sp)q(en)o(t)i(handling)e(in)o(terrupts)i(on)f(those)0 2212 -y(lev)o(els,)g(and)h(the)h(nesting)f(of)f(an)h(in)o(terrupt)g(on)g(lev)o(el)g -(4)f(within)g(one)i(on)e(lev)o(el)h(6)f(will)g(not)h(a\013ect)g(the)h -(result.)0 2298 y(Ev)o(en)o(t)g(coun)o(ting)f(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)h(can)g(v)n -(ary)f(considerably)h(dep)q(ending)g(up)q(on)f(the)i(order)f(in)f(whic)o(h)h -(ev)o(en)o(ts)g(o)q(ccur.)21 b(If)0 2348 y(w)o(e)13 b(c)o(ho)q(ose)h(only)e -(in)o(terrupts)i(on)e(lev)o(el)h(6,)f(eac)o(h)h(return)h(to)f(an)g(in)o -(terrupt)g(routine)g(at)g(lev)o(el)f(6)h(from)e(some)h(higher)0 -2397 y(lev)o(el)j(that)h(in)o(terrupted)h(it)e(will)f(b)q(e)i(coun)o(ted)h -(as)e(separate)i(ev)o(en)o(t;)g(hence)g(a)e(single)g(in)o(terrupt)i(on)e(the) -h(lev)o(el)g(of)0 2447 y(in)o(terest)f(ma)o(y)c(b)q(e)k(coun)o(ted)f(sev)o -(eral)g(times.)j(On)d(the)g(other)g(hand)f(selecting)i(in)o(terrupts)f(on)g -(sa)o(y)f(lev)o(els)h(2)f(and)g(6)0 2497 y(ma)o(y)e(mean)g(that)i(a)f(lev)o -(el)g(6)h(in)o(terrupt)g(plus)g(half)e(a)i(dozen)g(lev)o(el)f(2)g(in)o -(terrupts)i(will)d(b)q(e)j(seen)f(as)g(only)f(one)h(ev)o(en)o(t.)0 -2547 y(This)h(w)o(ould)f(happ)q(en)h(if)f(all)g(of)g(the)i(lev)o(el)e(2)h(in) -o(terrupts)h(o)q(ccurred)h(during)d(the)i(lev)o(el)e(6)h(in)o(terrupt)h -(routine.)p eop -%%Page: 397 57 -397 56 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(397)150 195 y(There)15 b(are)f(t)o(w)o(o)g(instructions)g(for)g(the)g(p) -q(erformance)g(analyzer:)k(one)c(to)g(set)h(it)e(up)h(and)g(one)g(to)g(read)g -(it.)p 150 444 1495 4 v 150 369 V 148 442 4 75 v 1643 442 V -688 442 V 729 442 V 896 442 V 162 474 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 419 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 336 -y Fk(WRP)-5 b(AE)482 339 y(W)n(rite)19 b(P)n(erfo)n(rmance)g(Analysis)h -(Enables)f(\(BLK)n(O)f(TIM,\))368 418 y FD(70210)150 569 y(Select)g(the)g -(coun)o(ting)f(metho)q(d)g(and)g(conditions)g(for)g(p)q(erformance)g -(analysis)g(according)g(to)g(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)150 -619 y(lo)q(cation)11 b Fu(E)j FD(as)e(sho)o(wn.)18 b(\(A)12 -b(dagger)g(indicates)h(a)e(bit)h(in)g(whic)o(h)g(a)g(0)f(mak)o(es)g(the)i -(selection)g(indicated;)f(otherwise)150 669 y(1)i(mak)o(es)e(the)j(selection) -f(indicated\).)p 150 1301 1495 2 v 149 1300 2 187 v 150 1114 -1495 2 v 1644 1300 2 187 v 398 1313 2 13 v 647 1313 V 896 1313 -V 1145 1313 V 1394 1313 V 839 1331 a Fp(26)p 896 1197 2 84 -v -698 w(18)p 149 1197 V 349 1163 a Fn(Select)c(In)o(terrupt)f(Lev)o(els)839 -1331 y Fp(26)p 896 1300 2 187 v -698 w(18)p 149 1300 V -34 -w(18)p 232 1300 2 63 v -34 w(18)p 149 1300 V 181 1283 a FD(0)258 -1331 y Fp(19)p 315 1300 V -34 w(19)p 232 1300 V 264 1283 a -FD(1)341 1331 y Fp(20)p 398 1300 V -34 w(20)p 315 1300 V 347 -1283 a FD(2)424 1331 y Fp(21)p 481 1300 V -34 w(21)p 398 1300 -V 430 1283 a FD(3)507 1331 y Fp(22)p 564 1300 V -34 w(22)p -481 1300 V 513 1283 a FD(4)590 1331 y Fp(23)p 647 1300 V -34 -w(23)p 564 1300 V 596 1283 a FD(5)673 1331 y Fp(24)p 730 1300 -V -34 w(24)p 647 1300 V 679 1283 a FD(6)756 1331 y Fp(25)p -813 1300 V -34 w(25)p 730 1300 V 762 1283 a FD(7)839 1331 y -Fp(26)p 896 1300 V -34 w(26)p 813 1300 V 816 1281 a Fn(None)1005 -1331 y Fp(28)p 1062 1197 2 84 v -117 w(27)p 896 1197 V 935 -1149 a Fn(Select)937 1184 y(Mo)q(de)1005 1331 y Fp(28)p 1062 -1300 2 187 v -117 w(27)p 896 1300 V -34 w(27)p 979 1300 2 63 -v -34 w(27)p 896 1300 V 912 1281 a Fn(Usr)1005 1331 y Fp(28)p -1062 1300 V -34 w(28)p 979 1300 V 990 1277 a Fn(Ignr)1088 1331 -y Fp(29)p 1145 1197 2 84 v -34 w(29)p 1062 1197 V 1067 1149 -a Fn(Evn)o(t)1075 1184 y(Dur)1088 1331 y Fp(29)p 1145 1300 -2 187 v -34 w(29)p 1062 1300 V 49 w(30)p 1228 1197 2 84 v -34 -w(30)p 1145 1197 V 1163 1149 a Fn(Clr)1159 1184 y(Cn)o(t)1171 -1331 y Fp(30)p 1228 1300 2 187 v -34 w(30)p 1145 1300 V 49 -w(31)p 1311 1300 2 21 v -34 w(31)p 1228 1300 V 49 w(32)p 1394 -1300 V -34 w(32)p 1311 1300 V 49 w(33)p 1478 1300 V -34 w(33)p -1394 1300 V 49 w(34)p 1561 1300 V -34 w(34)p 1478 1300 V 49 -w(35)p 1644 1300 V -34 w(35)p 1561 1300 V 150 1011 1495 2 v -149 1010 2 187 v 150 824 1495 2 v 1644 1010 2 187 v 398 1022 -2 13 v 647 1022 V 896 1022 V 1145 1022 V 1394 1022 V 847 1040 -a(8)p 896 906 2 84 v -681 w(0)p 149 906 V 402 876 a Fn(Select)h(Channels)847 -1040 y Fp(8)p 896 1010 2 187 v -681 w(0)p 149 1010 V -17 w(0)p -232 1010 2 63 v -17 w(0)p 149 1010 V 181 992 a FD(0)266 1040 -y Fp(1)p 315 1010 V -17 w(1)p 232 1010 V 264 992 a FD(1)349 -1040 y Fp(2)p 398 1010 V -17 w(2)p 315 1010 V 347 992 a FD(2)432 -1040 y Fp(3)p 481 1010 V -17 w(3)p 398 1010 V 430 992 a FD(3)515 -1040 y Fp(4)p 564 1010 V -17 w(4)p 481 1010 V 513 992 a FD(4)598 -1040 y Fp(5)p 647 1010 V -17 w(5)p 564 1010 V 596 992 a FD(5)681 -1040 y Fp(6)p 730 1010 V -17 w(6)p 647 1010 V 679 992 a FD(6)764 -1040 y Fp(7)p 813 1010 V -17 w(7)p 730 1010 V 762 992 a FD(7)847 -1040 y Fp(8)p 896 1010 V -17 w(8)p 813 1010 V 816 990 a Fn(None)930 -1040 y Fp(9)p 979 906 2 84 v -17 w(9)p 896 906 V 907 856 a -Fn(Ignr)920 889 y Fi(\026)p Fn(c)930 1040 y Fp(9)p 979 1010 -2 187 v -17 w(9)p 896 1010 V 141 w(11)p 1145 906 2 84 v -117 -w(10)p 979 906 V 1018 858 a Fn(Select)1017 894 y(Prob)q(e)1088 -1040 y Fp(11)p 1145 1010 2 187 v -117 w(10)p 979 1010 V -34 -w(10)p 1062 1010 2 63 v -34 w(10)p 979 1010 V 990 990 a Fn(Lo)o(w)1088 -1040 y Fp(11)p 1145 1010 V -34 w(11)p 1062 1010 V 1073 987 -a Fn(Ignr)1503 1040 y Fp(16)p 1561 906 2 84 v -366 w(12)p 1145 -906 V 1150 873 a Fn(Select)g(Memory)g(Conditions)1171 1040 -y Fp(12)p 1228 1010 2 104 v -34 w(12)p 1145 1010 V 1146 952 -a Fn(EBo)o(x)1151 987 y(W)m(ait)1179 804 y FB(y)1254 1040 y -Fp(13)p 1311 1010 V -34 w(13)p 1228 1010 V 1236 969 a Fn(Miss)1262 -804 y FB(y)1337 1040 y Fp(14)p 1394 1010 V -34 w(14)p 1311 -1010 V 1323 952 a Fn(W)m(rt)1316 987 y(Bac)o(k)1345 804 y FB(y)1420 -1040 y Fp(15)p 1478 1010 V -34 w(15)p 1394 1010 V 1404 949 -a Fn(Swp)1406 990 y(W)m(rt)1428 804 y FB(y)1503 1040 y Fp(16)p -1561 1010 V -34 w(16)p 1478 1010 V 1495 966 a Fn(Ign)1586 1040 -y Fp(17)p 1644 1010 2 187 v -34 w(17)p 1561 1010 V 150 1490 -a FD(Bit)j(groups)g(corresp)q(onding)g(to)g(the)g(terms)f(in)g(the)i -(enabling)d(expression)j(and)f(the)g(individual)e(conditions)h(that)150 -1540 y(constitute)j(the)f(groups)h(are)f(as)g(follo)o(ws.)150 -1607 y(0{8)91 b(Channel)12 b(conditions.)17 b(Bits)12 b(0{7)g(select)h(c)o -(hannels)g(0{7)e(busy)m(.)18 b(A)12 b(c)o(hannel)g(is)g(busy)h(when)g(it)e -(is)h(w)o(aiting)304 1657 y(for)i(a)g(device)i(to)e(resp)q(ond)i(or)f(a)f -(transfer)i(is)f(in)f(progress.)22 b(A)14 b(1)h(in)f(bit)g(8)h(deletes)h(the) -f(term)f(from)f(the)304 1707 y(expression.)150 1792 y(9)133 -b(Micro)q(co)q(de)16 b(condition.)21 b(A)16 b(1)e(in)h(this)g(bit)g(deletes)i -(the)f(term)f(from)e(the)j(expression.)23 b(If)15 b(the)h(bit)f(is)g(0,)304 -1842 y(the)e(coun)o(ter)g(can)g(run)g(only)f(when)h(sp)q(eci\014cally)f -(enabled)h(b)o(y)g(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de,)f(whic)o(h)g(is)g(the)i(standard) -304 1892 y(case.)150 1978 y(10{11)49 b(Prob)q(e)15 b(conditions.)20 -b(The)15 b(prob)q(e)h(is)e(simply)f(an)h(a)o(v)n(ailable)f(input)h(at)h(pin)f -(CA1)g(on)h(the)g(meter)f(b)q(oard,)304 2027 y(so)i(the)g(program)f(m)o(ust)g -(generally)h(giv)o(e)f(a)h(1)g(in)f(bit)h(11)g(to)g(delete)h(this)f(term)f -(from)g(the)h(expression.)304 2077 y(Should)e(a)g(signal)f(under)j(in)o(v)o -(estigation)d(b)q(e)i(connected)h(to)e(the)i(pin,)d(then)j(a)e(0)g(in)g(bit)g -(11)g(enables)h(bit)304 2127 y(10)e(to)h(select)h(the)f(input)g(lev)o(el)g -(that)g(satis\014es)g(the)h(condition:)i(0)d(high,)f(1)g(lo)o(w.)992 -2227 y Fz(CA)n(UTION)395 2294 y FD(Connecting)19 b(a)f(signal)g(line)g(to)g -(the)h(prob)q(e)h(input)e(ma)o(y)f(pro)q(duce)i(ringing)f(in)g(that)h(line,) -395 2343 y(whic)o(h)e(dep)q(ending)i(on)e(its)h(length,)g(ma)o(y)d(seriously) -j(degrade)g(signal)f(qualit)o(y)f(and)i(cause)395 2393 y(mac)o(hine)13 -b(malfunction.)150 2519 y(12{16)49 b(Memory)15 b(conditions.)667 -2504 y Fp(44)728 2519 y FD(A)i(1)f(in)g(bit)h(16)f(deletes)i(this)e(term)g -(from)f(the)i(expression.)28 b(Otherwise)18 b(0s)p 150 2554 -720 2 v 181 2581 a Fo(44)214 2592 y Fn(Note:)g(M)c(b)q(o)o(x)f(references)e -(initiated)g(b)o(y)i(the)f(E)i(b)q(o)o(x)f(include)e(those)h(for)h -(instructions,)e(op)q(erands,)g(in)o(terrupts,)g(and)i(sp)q(ecial)p -eop -%%Page: 398 58 -398 57 bop 0 50 a FD(398)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)154 195 y FD(\(not)g(1s\))g(in)f(bits)h(12{15)f(select)i -(enabling)e(conditions)g(as)h(follo)o(ws.)154 263 y(12)49 b(The)14 -b(E)f(b)q(o)o(x)g(is)g(w)o(aiting)f(for)h(the)h(M)f(b)q(o)o(x)g(in)g(a)g -(memory)e(reference)16 b(This)d(is)g(only)g(for)f(a)h(reference)245 -313 y(made)g(b)o(y)h(the)h(E)f(b)q(o)o(x.)19 b(Its)c(duration)e(ma)o(y)g(ho)o -(w)o(ev)o(er)h(encompass)g(a)g(writebac)o(k)h(to)f(free)h(a)f(cac)o(he)245 -362 y(group)g(en)o(try)g(or)g(a)g(TOPS{10)f(page)h(re\014ll.)154 -448 y(13)49 b(Because)17 b(of)e(an)g(E)g(b)q(o)o(x)g(reference,)j(the)e(M)f -(b)q(o)o(x)g(is)g(fetc)o(hing)g(data)g(from)f(storage)h(or)h(\014lling)d(the) -245 498 y(cac)o(he)18 b(\(a)e(cac)o(he)i(miss\).)26 b(This)17 -b(includes)g(only)f(a)h(fetc)o(h)g(and)g(load)f(stemming)e(from)i(an)g(E)h(b) -q(o)o(x)245 548 y(reference)f(made)d(b)q(ecause)j(the)e(cac)o(he)h(do)q(es)g -(not)e(con)o(tain)h(the)g(desired)h(w)o(ord)f(or)g(is)g(not)f(in)h(use.)154 -633 y(14)49 b(The)14 b(M)f(b)q(o)o(x)g(is)g(writing)f(in)h(storage)h(b)q -(ecause)h(of)e(an)g(E)g(b)q(o)o(x)g(reference.)20 b(This)13 -b(w)o(ould)g(usually)f(b)q(e)245 683 y(a)i(writebac)o(k)g(to)f(free)i(a)f -(cac)o(he)h(en)o(try)154 769 y(15)49 b(The)14 b(M)g(b)q(o)o(x)g(is)f(p)q -(erforming)g(a)g(writebac)o(k)i(for)e(a)h(cac)o(he)h(sw)o(eep.)0 -854 y(18{26)49 b(In)o(terrupt)19 b(conditions.)31 b(Bits)19 -b(18{35)e(select)j(in)o(terrupts)f(on)f(lev)o(els)h(0{7.)30 -b(An)19 b(in)o(terrupt)g(condition)154 904 y(includes)14 b(b)q(oth)h(the)g -(execution)g(of)f(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(function)f(and)g(the)h(subsequen)o(t)h -(in)o(terrupt)f(routine,)154 954 y(if)g(an)o(y;)i(in)f(other)h(w)o(ords)f(it) -g(includes)h(b)q(oth)g(PI)f(cycles)i(and)e(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(held)g(for)f -(the)h(lev)o(el.)25 b(A)16 b(1)154 1004 y(in)f(bit)h(26)g(selects)i(the)e -(condition)g(that)g(no)g(in)o(terrupt)h(is)f(curren)o(tly)h(in)e(progress.)26 -b(If)16 b(bits)g(18{26)f(all)154 1053 y(con)o(tain)c(1s,)g(the)i(in)o -(terrupt)f(term)f(is)g(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(true)h(and)g(th)o(us)g(ignored.)17 -b(Similarly)8 b(all)i(0s)i(holds)f(it)h(false.)0 1139 y(27{28)49 -b(Mo)q(de)18 b(conditions.)29 b(A)17 b(1)h(or)f(0)h(in)f(bit)g(27)g(enables)i -(the)f(coun)o(ter)h(during)e(user)i(or)e(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de)154 -1189 y(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely:)g(a)14 b(1)f(in)h(bit)f(28)h(deletes)h(this)f -(term)f(from)f(the)j(expression.)0 1274 y(29)112 b(This)17 -b(bit)g(selects)i(the)g(metho)q(d)d(of)h(coun)o(ting)g(when)h(the)g -(expression)h(corresp)q(onding)g(to)e(the)h(set)h(of)154 1324 -y(conditions)f(selected)j(b)o(y)d(bits)h(0{28)e(is)i(true.)33 -b(A)19 b(1)g(selects)h(the)f(ev)o(en)o(t)h(metho)q(d)e(wherein)h(there)h(is) -154 1374 y(one)14 b(coun)o(t)h(for)g(eac)o(h)g(time)e(the)i(expression)h(b)q -(ecomes)f(true;)h(and)e(a)h(0)f(selects)i(the)g(duration)e(metho)q(d)154 -1424 y(wherein)g(the)h(coun)o(ter)g(incremen)o(ts)f(at)f(half)g(the)i(system) -e(clo)q(c)o(k)h(rate)h(while)e(the)i(expression)g(is)e(true.)0 -1527 y Fy(Notes.)19 b FD(There)d(is)e(no)g(sp)q(eci\014c)i(pro)o(vision)d -(for)h(turning)h(the)f(coun)o(ter)i(on)e(and)g(o\013.)19 b(It)c(functions)f -(automatically)0 1577 y(whenev)o(er)i(the)f(selected)h(expression)g(is)f -(satis\014ed,)g(but)f(it)g(can)h(easily)f(b)q(e)h(stalled)g(b)o(y)f -(selecting)h(an)g(imp)q(ossible)0 1627 y(com)o(bination.)h(In)d(particular,)h -(giving)e(a)i Fx(WRP)m(AE)e([40])h FD(clears)i(the)f(coun)o(ter)h(and)f -(disables)g(it.)p 0 1878 1495 4 v 0 1803 V -2 1876 4 75 v 1493 -1876 V 538 1876 V 579 1876 V 746 1876 V 12 1908 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1853 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)0 1770 y Fk(RDPERF)332 1773 y(Read)19 b(P)n(erfo)n(rmance)g -(Analysis)g(Count)g(\(BLKI)f(TIM,\))218 1852 y FD(70200)0 2003 -y(Read)h(the)h(p)q(erformance)f(analysis)f(coun)o(t)i(doublew)o(ord)f(coun)o -(t)g(from)f(lo)q(cations)g(512)h(and)g(513)f(in)h(the)h(exec)0 -2053 y(pro)q(cess)14 b(table,)f(add)f(the)i(curren)o(t)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of) -f(the)i(p)q(erformance)e(analysis)g(coun)o(ter)i(to)e(the)i(doublew)o(ord)e -(read,)0 2103 y(and)i(place)g(the)g(result)h(in)e(lo)q(cation)g -Fu(E)r(;)7 b(E)k FD(+)f(1.)0 2189 y FA(Application)o(s.)17 -b FD(The)e(ev)o(en)o(t)f(metho)q(d)g(allo)o(ws)f(soft)o(w)o(are)h(to)g -(collect)h(coun)o(ts)g(of)e(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)f(times)g(sp)q -(eci\014c)0 2238 y(ev)o(en)o(ts)19 b(o)q(ccur)g(o)o(v)o(er)f(a)g(p)q(erio)q -(d.)30 b(Examples)17 b(are)h(calls)g(to)g(the)g(executiv)o(e,)i(in)o -(terrupts)f(on)f(a)g(particular)f(lev)o(el)0 2288 y(or)e(disjoin)o(t)e(in)o -(terrupts)j(to)f(all)e(lev)o(els,)h(cac)o(he)i(misses,)e(cac)o(he)i(misses)e -(in)g(user)i(mo)q(de,)d(tra\016c)i(on)g(the)g(c)o(hannels.)0 -2338 y(There)f(are)f(also)f(more)f(esoteric)j(analyses,)f(suc)o(h)g(as)g -(coun)o(ting)f(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(times)g(a)g(particular)h -(instruction)0 2388 y(or)j(set)g(of)f(instructions)h(is)g(used)g(\(this)g(w)o -(ould)f(require)h(mo)q(difying)d(the)j(micro)q(co)q(de)f(to)g(enable\))h(or)g -(ho)o(w)f(often)0 2438 y(a)g(particular)h(piece)g(of)f(soft)o(w)o(are)h(is)f -(called)g(\(this)h(w)o(ould)f(require)h(a)f(patc)o(h)h(in)f(the)h(Monitor\).) -23 b(But)16 b(the)g(ev)o(en)o(t)0 2487 y(metho)q(d)e(is)h(sub)r(ject)h(to)f -(the)h(limitatio)o(ns)d(discussed)j(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)21 b(A)15 -b(lo)o(w)g(priorit)o(y)f(in)o(terrupt)h(routine)h(could)e(easily)p -0 2522 720 2 v 0 2560 a Fn(micro)q(co)q(de)9 b(pro)q(cedures)g(\(meter)h(up)q -(date,)g(page)h(failure,)f(TOPS{20)h(page)g(re\014ll\).)k(References)9 -b(for)i(writebac)o(ks,)f(cac)o(he)h(sw)o(eeping,)0 2600 y(TOPS{10)g(page)g -(re\014lls,)f(and)g(the)h(c)o(hannels)e(are)i(initiated)e(b)o(y)i(the)g(M)h -(b)q(o)o(x.)p eop -%%Page: 399 59 -399 58 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(399)150 195 y(b)q(e)14 b(recognized)h(sev)o(eral)f(times,)e(and)h(with)g -(the)h(selection)h(of)e(m)o(ultiple)e(conditions,)i(ev)o(en)o(ts)h(can)g(b)q -(e)g(lost)f(due)h(to)150 245 y(o)o(v)o(erlap.)19 b(The)c(memory)d(conditions) -j(esp)q(ecially)f(o)o(v)o(erlap)g(one)h(another,)g(and)f(c)o(hannel)h(ev)o -(en)o(ts)g(are)g(v)o(ery)g(lik)o(ely)150 295 y(to)f(b)q(e)g(lost)g(if)f(com)o -(bined)g(with)g(memory)f(or)h(in)o(terrupt)i(conditions.)150 -380 y(These)h(limitati)o(ons)c(do)i(not)g(a\013ect)h(the)g(duration)f(metho)q -(d.)k(Supp)q(ose)e(w)o(e)e(wish)g(to)h(determine)f(the)h(total)e(time)150 -430 y(sp)q(en)o(t)f(doing)e(in)o(terrupts)i(and)e(w)o(aiting)f(for)i(memory)d -(references.)20 b(Ov)o(erlap)11 b(here)h(is)e(of)g(no)h(signi\014cance:)17 -b(the)11 b(fact)150 480 y(that)j(sometimes)d(the)k(system)e(is)g(doing)g(b)q -(oth)h(do)q(es)g(not)f(matter.)18 b(T)o(ypical)12 b(uses)j(are)f(measuring)e -(the)i(duration)150 530 y(sp)q(en)o(t)j(in)e(user)h(mo)q(de,)f(or)g(in)g -(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de,)d(handling)g(in)o(terrupts,)j(handling)d(in)o -(terrupts)j(at)e(a)g(particular)150 580 y(lev)o(el,)e(doing)g(DTE20)h -(console)g(functions)g(or)g(b)o(yte)h(transfers)g(\(in)o(terrupt)g(lev)o(el)f -(0\),)f(doing)h(writebac)o(ks,)g(and)g(so)150 629 y(forth.)24 -b(With)16 b(an)f(enable)i(inserted)g(in)f(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de,)g(one)g -(could)g(measure)g(the)g(time)f(sp)q(en)o(t)i(manipulating)150 -679 y(strings.)150 831 y Fz(4.1.7)55 b(F)-5 b(ron)n(t)20 b(End)e(F)-5 -b(unctions)150 943 y FD(Ev)o(ery)17 b(system)g(con)o(tains)g(one)g(or)g(more) -f(PDP{11)g(fron)o(t)h(end)g(pro)q(cessors.)29 b(But)18 b(from)d(the)i(p)q -(oin)o(t)g(of)f(view)h(of)150 993 y(the)j(KL10,)g(a)f(fron)o(t)g(end)g(is)h -(a)f(DTE20)f(in)o(terface)i(|)f(it)g(is)g(only)f(the)i(DTE20)f(that)g(the)h -(KL10)f(hardw)o(are,)150 1043 y(micro)q(co)q(de)13 b(and)g(program)f(see)i -(on)f(the)h(E)f(bus,)h(and)f(it)g(is)g(only)f(the)i(relationship)f(b)q(et)o -(w)o(een)i(KL10)d(and)i(DTE20)150 1093 y(that)f(concerns)h(us)f(here)h -(\(there)g(is)e(nothing)g(in)g(this)h(section)g(ab)q(out)g(the)g(PDP{11)f(p)q -(er)i(se\).)k(A)13 b(DTE20)f(handles)150 1143 y(comm)o(unication)7 -b(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)k(the)g(cen)o(tral)g(pro)q(cessor)h(and)e(a)g(fron)o(t)g -(end)h(pro)q(cessor)h(b)o(y)e(w)o(a)o(y)g(of)f(the)i(KL10)f(in)o(terrupt)150 -1193 y(system.)18 b(The)13 b(program)f(can)h(assign)g(a)g(lev)o(el)f(for)h -(standard)h(or)f(v)o(ector)h(in)o(terrupts,)g(but)f(the)h(in)o(terface)f(can) -h(also)150 1242 y(p)q(erform)g(sp)q(ecial)i(in)o(terrupt)g(functions)f(|)g -(examine,)f(dep)q(osit,)h(b)o(yte)h(transfer)g(|)f(on)g(lev)o(el)g(0.)21 -b(In)16 b(general)f(all)150 1292 y(but)e(one)g(of)e(the)j(DTE20s)e(are)h -(restricted:)19 b(this)13 b(means)f(that)g(a)h(unit)f(can)h(request)h(sp)q -(ecial)f(in)o(terrupt)g(functions)150 1342 y(only)h(if)h(in)o(terrupt)h(lev)o -(el)e(0)h(is)g(enabled)h(in)f(it,)f(and)h(examine)f(and)h(dep)q(osit)h(are)f -(restricted)i(to)e(comm)o(unication)150 1392 y(areas)f(de\014ned)h(b)o(y)f -(the)h(Monitor.)150 1477 y(Among)c(the)i(DTE20s,)f(one)h(is)f(master)g(and)h -(is)f(th)o(us)h(unrestricted.)20 b(It)12 b(gains)g(this)h(privileged)f -(status)h(b)o(y)g(means)150 1527 y(of)i(a)h(switc)o(h)g(setting)g(on)f(the)i -(unit.)23 b(The)16 b(master)g(can)g(p)q(erform)f(diagnostic)g(op)q(erations) -1595 1512 y Fp(45)1646 1527 y FD(\(included)h(among)150 1577 -y(these)e(are)f(the)g(console)f(functions)h(start,)g(stop,)f(execute,)i(and)f -(con)o(tin)o(ue\),)f(can)h(p)q(erform)e(the)j(sp)q(ecial)e(in)o(terrupt)150 -1627 y(functions)17 b(ev)o(en)g(when)g(lev)o(el)f(0)g(is)h(disabled,)f(and)h -(can)g(o)o(v)o(erride)f(the)i(restrictions)f(on)g(examine)e(and)h(dep)q(osit) -150 1677 y(so)f(as)f(to)h(gain)f(access)i(to)f(all)e(PDP{10)h(memory)e(in)j -(either)g(ph)o(ysical)f(or)h(executiv)o(e)h(virtual)d(address)j(space)g(or) -150 1726 y(the)e(executiv)o(e)h(pro)q(cess)h(table.)i(Remo)o(v)n(al)10 -b(of)k(the)g(restrictions)h(b)o(y)e(placing)g(a)h(0)f(in)g(the)i -Fu(Q)e FD(bit)h(of)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt)150 1776 y(function)g(w)o(ord)f(m)o -(ust)g(b)q(e)i(done)f(individually)d(for)j(eac)o(h)g(transfer.)150 -1862 y(F)m(or)e(eac)o(h)g(DTE20)g(the)h(executiv)o(e)g(pro)q(cess)h(table)e -(con)o(tains)g(an)g(8{w)o(ord)g(con)o(trol)g(blo)q(c)o(k.)17 -b(These)c(blo)q(c)o(ks)f(con)o(tain)150 1912 y(the)i(follo)o(wing)e -(information)f(for)i(b)o(yte)i(transfer,)f(v)o(ector,)g(examine)f(and)g(dep)q -(osit)i(in)o(terrupt)f(functions.)331 1994 y Fy(L)n(o)n(c)n(ations)h(in)g -(Exe)n(cutive)g(Pr)n(o)n(c)n(ess)g(T)m(able)331 2044 y(Unit)f(0)50 -b(Unit)15 b(1)50 b(Unit)14 b(2)74 b(Unit)15 b(3)355 b(Contents)358 -2130 y FD(140)104 b(150)f(160)128 b(170)100 b(Output)15 b(b)o(yte)f(p)q(oin)o -(ter)g(\(to)g(11\))358 2180 y(141)104 b(151)f(161)128 b(171)100 -b(Input)14 b(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(\(to)g(10\))358 2229 -y(142)104 b(152)f(162)128 b(172)100 b(V)m(ector)14 b(in)o(terrupt)h -(instruction)358 2279 y(143)104 b(153)f(163)128 b(173)100 b(Reserv)o(ed)358 -2329 y(144)k(154)f(164)128 b(174)100 b(Size)14 b(of)g(comm)o(uni)o(cation)d -(area)j(for)g(examine)358 2379 y(145)104 b(155)f(165)128 b(175)100 -b(Relo)q(cation)13 b(address)i(for)f(examine)e(area)358 2429 -y(146)104 b(156)f(166)128 b(176)100 b(Size)14 b(of)g(comm)o(uni)o(cation)d -(area)j(for)g(dep)q(osit)358 2479 y(147)104 b(157)f(167)128 -b(177)100 b(Relo)q(cation)13 b(address)i(for)f(dep)q(osit)g(area)p -150 2520 720 2 v 181 2547 a Fo(45)214 2559 y Fn(Except)9 b(for)h(stopping,)f -(diagnostic)f(op)q(erations)h(should)g(b)q(e)i(p)q(erformed)d(only)i(when)g -(the)g(pro)q(cessor)f(is)i(halted)e(or)i(when)g(some-)150 2598 -y(thing)f(has)h(actually)e(gone)i(wrong.)j(Otherwise,)d(they)f(w)o(ould)h(in) -o(terfere)e(with)j(normal)d(tra\016c)i(on)g(the)g(E)h(bus.)p -eop -%%Page: 400 60 -400 59 bop 0 50 a FD(400)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(A)i(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(is)g(limited)e(to)i -(a)f(single)h(w)o(ord;)g(it)g(m)o(ust)e(therefore)k(ha)o(v)o(e)e(a)f(0)h(in)f -(bit)h(12,)f(and)h(its)g(address)h(is)0 245 y(in)o(terpreted)h(in)e(executiv) -o(e)h(virtual)f(address)i(space,)f(section)g(0.)25 b(The)17 -b(programmer)d(m)o(ust)i(also)f(refrain)i(from)0 295 y(using)g(an)o(y)f -(indexing)g(or)h(indirection)g(\(bits)g(13{17)e(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)i(zero\).)28 -b(After)17 b(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)e(incremen)o(ts)h(the)0 -345 y(b)o(yte)c(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(selected)h(b)o(y)e Fu(Q)h FD(\(0)f(out,)g(1)h -(in\))f(and)g(calculates)h(its)g(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(address,)g(an)e(input)g(b)o -(yte)h(is)g(inserted)0 394 y(at)k(the)g(appropriate)g(p)q(osition)f(in)g(a)h -(memory)d(lo)q(cation,)i(or)h(an)g(output)g(b)o(yte)g(from)e(memory)f(is)j -(sen)o(t)h(to)e(the)0 444 y(DTE20)g(righ)o(t{justi\014ed)g(with)g(the)h(rest) -g(of)f(the)h(output)f(w)o(ord)g(\014lled)g(with)g(0s.)25 b(An)17 -b(output)f(b)o(yte)h(transfer)g(is)0 494 y(essen)o(tially)c(an)g -Fx(ILDB)p FD({)p Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)d FD(com)o(bination;)h(input)i(is)g(a)g -Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)p FD({)p Fx(IDPB)o FD(.)d(Output)k(b)o(ytes)g(larger)f -(than)g(sixteen)0 544 y(bits)h(can)g(pro)q(duce)h(spurious)f(E)h(bus)f(parit) -o(y)f(errors)i(in)f(the)g(DTE20.)0 629 y(In)h(a)g(DTE20)g(v)o(ector)h(in)o -(terrupt,)g(the)g(address)h(part)e(of)g(the)h(function)f(w)o(ord)g(is)g -(ignored,)g(and)g(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)0 679 y(executes)f(the)d(instruction) -h(supplied)f(b)o(y)g(the)h(con)o(trol)f(blo)q(c)o(k.)17 b(This)c(should)f(b)q -(e)h(a)f(call)f(to)h(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(routine.)0 765 y(Comm)o(uni)o -(cation)j(areas)k(are)f(de\014ned)i(separately)e(for)g(examine)f(and)h(dep)q -(osit.)34 b(Th)o(us)20 b(the)f(Monitor)g(migh)o(t)0 815 y(divide)d(the)h(o)o -(v)o(erall)e(comm)o(unicatio)o(n)f(area)i(in)o(to)g(separate)h(parts)g(for)f -(dep)q(osits)h(b)o(y)g(sev)o(eral)f(units,)h(but)g(allo)o(w)0 -864 y(all)d(of)h(them)g(to)g(examine)f(the)i(en)o(tire)h(area.)23 -b(The)16 b(size)g(of)f(an)g(area)h(is)f(giv)o(en)g(as)g(a)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e -(of)h(lo)q(cations,)g(and)0 914 y(the)k(relo)q(cation)e(address)j(is)d(the)i -(ph)o(ysical)e(address)j(of)d(the)i(\014rst)f(lo)q(cation)f(in)h(the)h(area.) -30 b(Supp)q(ose)19 b(w)o(e)f(wish)0 964 y(to)h(assign)f(a)g(dep)q(osit)i -(area)e(of)g(sixteen)i(w)o(ords)f(b)q(eginning)f(at)g(lo)q(cation)g(22660)g -(for)g(DTE20)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(2.)32 b(In)0 1014 y(lo)q(cations)13 -b(166)g(and)g(167)g(of)g(the)h(executiv)o(e)h(pro)q(cess)g(table)e(w)o(e)h(w) -o(ould)f(put)g(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)i(20)e(and)h(22660.)i(In)e(its)0 -1064 y(dep)q(osit)g(function)g(w)o(ords)g(the)g(DTE20)f(w)o(ould)g(then)i -(use)f(addresses)i(0{17,)c(and)i(these)h(w)o(ould)e(b)q(e)h(relo)q(cated)h -(to)0 1113 y(22660{22677.)0 1265 y Fz(4.1.8)55 b(Error)18 b(and)i(Diagnostic) -e(Instructions)0 1378 y FD(The)c(\014rst)g(part)g(of)f(this)g(section)h -(explains)g(the)g(instructions)g(through)f(whic)o(h)h(the)g(soft)o(w)o(are)f -(handles)h(the)g(error)0 1428 y(\015ags)h(and)g(iden)o(ti\014es)h(the)f -(source)i(of)d(a)h(hardw)o(are)h(error.)22 b(The)16 b(second)g(part)f -(discusses)i(a)e(sp)q(ecial)h(instruction)0 1477 y(the)e(Monitor)f(uses)i(to) -e(set)i(up)e(the)i(memory)c(system)i(and)g(to)h(get)f(diagnostic)g(and)h -(con\014guration)f(information)0 1527 y(directly)19 b(from)d(individual)h -(memory)f(con)o(trollers.)32 b(The)19 b(ob)r(jectiv)o(e)g(of)f(this)h -(treatmen)o(t)f(is)g(to)g(complete)g(the)0 1577 y(de\014nition)13 -b(of)g(all)g(KL10)g(instructions)h(and)g(to)f(giv)o(e)g(the)h(programmer)e -(what)h(he)h(needs)h(to)f(iden)o(tify)e(sources)k(of)0 1627 -y(hardw)o(are)e(error)g(for)f(purp)q(oses)i(of)e(soft)o(w)o(are)h(reco)o(v)o -(ery)m(.)k(F)m(or)13 b(information)e(on)i(diagnosing)f(equipmen)o(t)g(ills,)g -(the)0 1677 y(reader)17 b(m)o(ust)e(turn)h(to)g(main)o(tenance)f(do)q(cumen)o -(ts.)23 b(Note)16 b(that)g(this)g(section)h(do)q(es)f(not)g(touc)o(h)g(on)g -(diagnostic)0 1726 y(functions)d(the)h(fron)o(t)e(end)i(can)f(execute)i(in)d -(the)i(KL10)f(without)f(the)i(KL10)e(micro)q(co)q(de)h(running;)f(that)h(sub) -r(ject)0 1776 y(is)h(treated)h(in)e(the)i(main)o(tenance)e(do)q(cumen)o -(tation.)0 1915 y Fz(Error)18 b(Monitoring)g(and)h(In)n(v)n(estigation)0 -2001 y FD(A)11 b(few)h(hardw)o(are)f(errors)i(|)d(sp)q(eci\014cally)i(a)f -(parit)o(y)f(error)j(in)d(the)i(page)f(table)h(or)f(in)f(a)h(w)o(ord)g -(brough)o(t)h(in)o(to)e(AR)h(or)0 2051 y(ARX)h(from)f(memory)g(|)h(are)h -(detected)i(b)o(y)d(the)h(pager)g(and)g(pro)q(duce)h(a)e(page)h(failure.)k -(Other)d(hardw)o(are)f(errors)0 2101 y(detected)k(in)d(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i -(or)d(on)h(the)g(S)g(bus)g(are)g(indicated)f(b)o(y)h(\015ags)f(that)h(can)g -(request)h(an)e(in)o(terrupt)i(on)e(a)0 2150 y(lev)o(el)g(assigned)g(to)g -(the)h(pro)q(cessor.)20 b(Sev)o(eral)15 b(of)e(these)j(\015ags)e(also)f(lo)q -(c)o(k)h(information)d(ab)q(out)j(the)h(bad)e(reference)0 2200 -y(in)o(to)i(the)i(error)g(address)h(register)f(ERA.)f(The)g(program)f(can)h -(read)h(this)f(register,)h(and)f(it)g(con)o(tin)o(ues)h(to)f(hold)0 -2250 y(the)e(same)f(information,)e(ev)o(en)k(should)e(subsequen)o(t)j(errors) -f(o)q(ccur,)g(un)o(til)e(the)h(\015ag)f(that)h(lo)q(c)o(k)o(ed)g(it)g(is)f -(cleared.)0 2336 y(The)20 b(error)h(conditions)f(are)g(generally)g(regarded)h -(as)f(imp)q(ortan)o(t)e(enough)i(to)g(b)q(e)g(assigned)g(to)g(the)h(highest)0 -2385 y(priorit)o(y)13 b(lev)o(el.)19 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)c(for)f(conditions)g -(that)g(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j(asso)q(ciated)g(with)f(user)h(instructions)g(\(a)f -(parit)o(y)g(error)0 2435 y(or)g(unansw)o(ered)i(memory)c(reference\),)k(the) -f(common)d(practice)j(is)f(for)g(the)h(error)h(in)o(terrupt)f(to)f(switc)o(h) -h(o)o(v)o(er)f(to)0 2485 y(the)k(lo)o(w)o(est)f(priorit)o(y)g(lev)o(el)g(b)o -(y)g(means)g(of)g(a)g(program{set)g(request.)30 b(Then)18 b(the)g(time)e(tak) -o(en)i(to)f(handle)g(the)0 2535 y(situation,)c(whic)o(h)g(ma)o(y)f(w)o(ell)i -(b)q(e)g(considerable,)g(cannot)g(in)o(terfere)h(with)f(high)f(priorit)o(y)g -(ev)o(en)o(ts.)0 2620 y(Error)19 b(\015ags)f(are)g(handled)g(b)o(y)g(t)o(w)o -(o)f(condition)h(I/O)g(instructions)g(that)h(address)g(the)f(pro)q(cessor,)j -(whic)o(h)d(has)p eop -%%Page: 401 61 -401 60 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(401)150 195 y(device)19 b(co)q(de)g(000,)f(mnemonic)d(APR.)777 -180 y Fp(46)830 195 y FD(These)k(instructions)g(also)f(handle)g(the)g(sw)o -(eep)i(\015ags)e(for)f(the)i(cac)o(he)150 245 y(\()p FB(x)q -FD(4.1.2\).)d(The)e(instruction)h(that)f(reads)g(ERA)g(uses)h(the)g(in)o -(terrupt)f(device)h(co)q(de.)p 150 496 1495 4 v 150 421 V 148 -494 4 75 v 1643 494 V 688 494 V 729 494 V 896 494 V 162 526 -a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 471 -y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 388 y Fk(CONO)17 b(APR,)38 b(Conditions)21 -b(Out,)d(Pro)r(cesso)n(r)h(Flags)368 470 y FD(70020)150 622 -y(Assign)g(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(lev)o(el)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(bits)g -(33{35)f(of)h(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(conditions)e Fu(E)i FD(and)e(p)q(erform) -f(the)150 671 y(functions)c(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f(bits)g(19{31)f(as)h(sho) -o(wn)g(\(a)f(1)h(in)g(a)f(bit)h(pro)q(duces)h(the)g(indicated)f(function,)f -(a)g(0)h(has)g(no)150 721 y(e\013ect\).)p 150 1021 1495 2 v -149 1020 2 187 v 150 835 1495 2 v 1644 1020 2 187 v 398 1033 -2 13 v 647 1033 V 896 1033 V 1145 1033 V 1394 1033 V 175 1051 -a Fp(18)p 232 1020 2 21 v -34 w(18)p 149 1020 V 49 w(19)p 315 -1020 2 187 v -34 w(19)p 232 1020 V 250 880 a Fn(Clr)252 916 -y(All)246 953 y(I/O)244 997 y(Dev)372 946 y(Selected)c(Flags)341 -1051 y Fp(20)p 398 875 2 42 v -34 w(20)p 315 875 V 326 866 -a Fn(En)o(b)341 1051 y Fp(20)p 398 1020 2 21 v -34 w(20)p 315 -1020 V 49 w(21)p 481 875 2 42 v -34 w(21)p 398 875 V 415 866 -a Fn(Dis)424 1051 y Fp(21)p 481 1020 2 21 v -34 w(21)p 398 -1020 V 49 w(22)p 564 875 2 42 v -34 w(22)p 481 875 V 499 866 -a Fn(Clr)507 1051 y Fp(22)p 564 1020 2 21 v -34 w(22)p 481 -1020 V 49 w(23)p 647 875 2 42 v -34 w(23)p 564 875 V 582 866 -a Fn(Set)590 1051 y Fp(23)p 647 1020 2 21 v -34 w(23)p 564 -1020 V 630 w(31)p 1311 875 2 42 v -615 w(24)p 647 875 V 774 -863 a Fn(Select)g(Flags)h(for)g(Bits)g(20{23)673 1051 y Fp(24)p -730 1020 2 146 v -34 w(24)p 647 1020 V 651 942 a Fn(SBus)664 -977 y(Err)756 1051 y Fp(25)p 813 1020 V -34 w(25)p 730 1020 -V 751 942 a Fn(No)734 977 y(Mem)839 1051 y Fp(26)p 896 1020 -V -34 w(26)p 813 1020 V 827 918 a Fn(I/O)819 961 y(P)o(age)827 -1003 y(F)m(ail)922 1051 y Fp(27)p 979 1020 V -34 w(27)p 896 -1020 V 910 942 a Fn(MB)912 977 y(P)o(ar)1005 1051 y Fp(28)p -1062 1020 V -34 w(28)p 979 1020 V 992 942 a Fn(Cc)o(h)996 977 -y(Dir)1088 1051 y Fp(29)p 1145 1020 V -34 w(29)p 1062 1020 -V 1065 942 a Fn(Addr)1078 977 y(P)o(ar)1171 1051 y Fp(30)p -1228 1020 V -34 w(30)p 1145 1020 V 1156 941 a Fn(Pwr)1159 977 -y(F)m(ail)1254 1051 y Fp(31)p 1311 1020 V -34 w(31)p 1228 1020 -V 1238 938 a Fn(Swp)1231 980 y(Done)1337 1051 y Fp(32)p 1394 -1020 2 187 v -34 w(32)p 1311 1020 V 215 w(35)p 1644 1020 V --200 w(33)p 1394 1020 V 1460 894 a Fn(Priorit)o(y)1449 935 -y(In)o(terrupt)1430 977 y(Assignmen)o(t)1503 1051 y Fp(34)p -1561 1020 2 21 v -34 w(34)p 1478 1020 V 150 1210 a FD(A)16 -b(1)f(in)h(bit)f(19)g(generates)j(the)e(I/O)g(reset)h(signal,)e(whic)o(h)h -(clears)g(the)h(con)o(trol)e(logic)g(in)g(all)g(of)g(the)h(p)q(eripheral)150 -1260 y(equipmen)o(t)d(\(but)h(a\013ects)h(none)g(of)e(the)h(in)o(ternal)g -(devices,)g(suc)o(h)h(as)f(the)h(pager)f(or)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h -(\015ags\).)150 1345 y(Bits)k(20{23)f(select)j(\015ag)d(functions:)31 -b(is)19 b(in)h(these)i(bits)e(pro)q(duce)h(the)g(indicated)f(e\013ects)i(on)d -(the)i(pro)q(cessor)150 1395 y(\015ags)16 b(selected)i(b)o(y)e(is)f(in)h -(bits)g(24{31.)23 b(A)16 b(1)g(in)f(bit)h(20)g(enables)g(the)h(setting)f(of)g -(an)o(y)f(selected)j(\015ag)e(to)f(request)150 1445 y(an)i(in)o(terrupt)h(on) -f(the)h(lev)o(el)f(assigned)h(to)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor;)j(a)c(1)g(in)g(bit)g -(21)g(disables)g(the)h(selected)h(\015ags)f(from)150 1495 y(requesting)f(in)o -(terrupts.)26 b(Similarly)13 b(a)j(1)g(in)g(bit)g(22)f(or)i(23)e(clears)i(or) -g(sets)g(the)g(selected)h(\015ags.)25 b(The)17 b(result)g(of)150 -1544 y(putting)d(is)f(in)h(b)q(oth)g(bits)g(20)f(and)h(21)f(or)h(22)f(and)h -(23)f(is)h(indeterminate.)150 1630 y Fy(Notes.)20 b FD(Setting)14 -b(\015ags)h(has)f(of)g(course)i(no)e(relation)g(to)g(what)h(the)g(\015ags)f -(represen)o(t;)j(the)e(function)f(is)g(used)i(only)150 1680 -y(to)e(c)o(hec)o(k)h(out)e(the)i(\015ag)e(logic.)p 150 1929 -1495 4 v 150 1854 V 148 1927 4 75 v 1643 1927 V 688 1927 V -729 1927 V 896 1927 V 162 1958 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1904 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 1820 -y Fk(CONI)18 b(APR,)61 b(Conditions)21 b(In,)e(Pro)r(cesso)n(r)f(Flags)368 -1903 y FD(70024)150 2054 y(Read)c(the)h(status)h(of)d(the)j(pro)q(cessor)g -(error)f(and)g(sw)o(eep)g(\015ags)f(in)o(to)g(lo)q(cation)g -Fu(E)i FD(as)f(sho)o(wn)f(\(asterisks)i(indicate)150 2104 y(bits)e(that)g -(can)g(cause)h(in)o(terrupts\).)p 150 2141 720 2 v 181 2168 -a Fo(46)214 2179 y Fn(The)c(pro)q(cessor)e(device)h(co)q(de)h(is)g(also)g -(used)f(in)i(sev)o(eral)d(instructions)g(for)i(the)g(pager)f(and)g(the)h(cac) -o(he.)p eop -%%Page: 402 62 -402 61 bop 0 50 a FD(402)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)p 0 736 1495 2 v -1 735 2 187 v 0 549 1495 -2 v 1494 735 2 187 v 248 747 2 13 v 497 747 V 746 747 V 995 -747 V 1244 747 V 25 765 a Fp(18)p 82 735 2 21 v -34 w(18)p --1 735 V 49 w(19)p 165 735 2 187 v -34 w(19)p 82 735 V 92 629 -a Fn(Swp)86 670 y(Busy)191 765 y Fp(20)p 248 735 2 21 v -34 -w(20)p 165 735 V 49 w(21)p 331 735 V -34 w(21)p 248 735 V 49 -w(22)p 414 735 V -34 w(22)p 331 735 V 49 w(23)p 497 735 V -34 -w(23)p 414 735 V 49 w(24)p 580 735 2 187 v -34 w(24)p 497 735 -V 501 635 a Fn(SBus)514 670 y(Err)531 544 y(*)606 765 y Fp(25)p -663 735 V -34 w(25)p 580 735 V 601 635 a Fn(No)584 670 y(Mem)614 -544 y(*)689 765 y Fp(26)p 746 735 V -34 w(26)p 663 735 V 677 -611 a Fn(I/O)669 655 y(P)o(age)677 697 y(F)m(ail)697 544 y(*)772 -765 y Fp(27)p 829 735 V -34 w(27)p 746 735 V 760 635 a Fn(MB)762 -670 y(P)o(ar)780 544 y(*)855 765 y Fp(28)p 912 735 V -34 w(28)p -829 735 V 842 635 a Fn(Cc)o(h)846 670 y(Dir)863 544 y(*)938 -765 y Fp(29)p 995 735 V -34 w(29)p 912 735 V 915 635 a Fn(Addr)928 -670 y(P)o(ar)946 544 y(*)1021 765 y Fp(30)p 1078 735 V -34 -w(30)p 995 735 V 1006 635 a Fn(Pwr)1009 670 y(F)m(ail)1029 -544 y(*)1104 765 y Fp(31)p 1161 735 V -34 w(31)p 1078 735 V -1088 632 a Fn(Swp)1081 673 y(Done)1112 544 y(*)1187 765 y Fp(32)p -1244 735 V -34 w(32)p 1161 735 V 1181 632 a Fn(In)o(t)1174 -667 y(Req)1436 765 y Fp(35)p 1494 735 V -200 w(33)p 1244 735 -V 1310 608 a Fn(Priorit)o(y)1299 649 y(In)o(terrupt)1280 691 -y(Assignmen)o(t)1353 765 y Fp(34)p 1411 735 2 21 v -34 w(34)p -1328 735 V 0 403 1495 2 v -1 403 2 187 v 0 217 1495 2 v 1494 -403 2 187 v 248 415 2 13 v 497 415 V 746 415 V 995 415 V 1244 -415 V 33 433 a(0)p 82 403 2 21 v -17 w(0)p -1 403 V 66 w(1)p -165 403 V -17 w(1)p 82 403 V 66 w(2)p 248 403 V -17 w(2)p 165 -403 V 66 w(3)p 331 403 V -17 w(3)p 248 403 V 66 w(4)p 414 403 -V -17 w(4)p 331 403 V 66 w(5)p 497 403 V -17 w(5)p 414 403 -V 639 w(13)p 1161 257 2 42 v -607 w(6)p 497 257 V 622 245 a -Fn(Flags)d(Enabled)f(to)h(In)o(terrupt)531 433 y Fp(6)p 580 -403 2 146 v -17 w(6)p 497 403 V 501 324 a Fn(SBus)514 359 y(Err)614 -433 y Fp(7)p 663 403 V -17 w(7)p 580 403 V 601 324 a Fn(No)584 -359 y(Mem)697 433 y Fp(8)p 746 403 V -17 w(8)p 663 403 V 677 -300 a Fn(I/O)669 343 y(P)o(age)677 385 y(F)m(ail)780 433 y -Fp(9)p 829 403 V -17 w(9)p 746 403 V 760 324 a Fn(MB)762 359 -y(P)o(ar)855 433 y Fp(10)p 912 403 V -34 w(10)p 829 403 V 842 -324 a Fn(Cc)o(h)846 359 y(Dir)938 433 y Fp(11)p 995 403 V -34 -w(11)p 912 403 V 915 324 a Fn(Addr)928 359 y(P)o(ar)1021 433 -y Fp(12)p 1078 403 V -34 w(12)p 995 403 V 1006 324 a Fn(Pwr)1009 -359 y(F)m(ail)1104 433 y Fp(13)p 1161 403 V -34 w(13)p 1078 -403 V 1088 321 a Fn(Swp)1081 362 y(Done)1187 433 y Fp(14)p -1244 403 2 21 v -34 w(14)p 1161 403 V 49 w(15)p 1328 403 V --34 w(15)p 1244 403 V 49 w(16)p 1411 403 V -34 w(16)p 1328 -403 V 49 w(17)p 1494 403 V -34 w(17)p 1411 403 V 0 906 a FD(6{13)70 -b(A)12 b(1)g(in)g(an)o(y)g(of)g(these)h(bits)g(indicates)g(that)f(setting)h -(the)g(listed)f(\015ag)g(will)f(request)j(an)e(in)o(terrupt)h(on)f(the)154 -956 y(lev)o(el)h(assigned)h(to)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)g(b)o(y)f(bits)g(33{35)f -(of)g(the)h Fx(CONO)p FD(.)0 1042 y(19)112 b(The)14 b(cac)o(he)h(is)f(curren) -o(tly)g(undergoing)g(a)f(sw)o(eep.)0 1127 y(24)112 b(A)19 b(storage)g(con)o -(troller)g(has)g(signaled)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(that)e(it)f(has)h(detected)i -(an)e(error)h(in)e(its)h(o)o(wn)154 1177 y(op)q(eration)11 -b(or)g(in)g(information)d(it)j(has)g(receiv)o(ed)h(o)o(v)o(er)g(the)f(S)h -(bus)f(or)g(from)f(one)h(of)g(its)g(storage)g(mo)q(dules.)154 -1227 y(If)16 b(the)h(t)o(yp)q(e)h(of)e(error)h(is)g(not)f(iden)o(ti\014ed)h -(b)o(y)g(there)h(also)e(b)q(eing)h(a)f(1)h(in)f(bit)g(25,)h(27)f(or)h(29,)f -(then)h(the)154 1277 y(condition)10 b(is)i(either)g(an)f(incomplete)f(cycle)j -(or)e(a)g(parit)o(y)g(error)h(in)f(data)g(sen)o(t)i(to)e(the)h(memory)d -(\(all)h(data)154 1326 y(receiv)o(ed)16 b(b)o(y)g(memory)d(is)i(written,)h -(ev)o(en)g(if)f(bad\).)23 b(Con)o(troller)15 b(\015ags)h(for)f(some)f(of)h -(these)i(conditions)154 1376 y(can)d(b)q(e)g(read)h(b)o(y)e(the)i(diagnostic) -e(instruction)h(discussed)i(in)d(the)i(second)g(part)f(of)f(this)h(section.)0 -1462 y(25)112 b(The)17 b(pro)q(cessor)h(attempted)f(to)g(access)h(a)f(memory) -d(that)j(did)f(not)h(resp)q(ond)h(within)e(a)g(preset)j(time.)154 -1512 y(This)e(time)g(is)g(68)p Fu(\026)p FD(s)h(on)f(an)h(extended)h(KL10,)f -(82)p Fu(\026)p FD(s)g(on)f(a)h(single{section)g(KL10.)29 b(The)18 -b(setting)h(of)154 1561 y(this)e(\015ag)g(lo)q(c)o(ks)h(information)c(ab)q -(out)k(the)g(attempted)f(reference)j(in)o(to)d(ERA.)g(Since)h(a)f(nonexisten) -o(t)154 1611 y(memory)11 b(supplies)j(zero)h(data,)e(on)h(read)g(this)g -(error)h(should)f(b)q(e)g(accompanied)f(b)o(y)g(a)h(1)g(in)f(bit)h(27.)0 -1697 y(26)112 b(A)18 b(page)g(failure)g(has)g(o)q(ccurred)j(in)d(an)g(in)o -(terrupt)h(instruction,)g(or)g(a)f(w)o(ord)g(with)g(ev)o(en)h(parit)o(y)f -(has)154 1747 y(b)q(een)d(receiv)o(ed)h(at)f(AR)f(from)f(the)i(E)g(bus)g -(\(the)g(latter)g(can)g(b)q(e)g(recognized)h(only)e(if)f(the)j(transmitting) -154 1796 y(device)c(generates)i(a)e(parit)o(y)f(bit\).)17 b(An)c(in)o -(terrupt)f(failure)g(caused)h(b)o(y)f(an)f(address)j(break)e(sets)h(this)f -(\015ag)154 1846 y(instead)i(of)f(pro)q(ducing)h(an)g(address)h(failure)e(\() -p FB(x)q FD(4.1.5\).)896 1949 y Fz(NOTE)245 2015 y FD(A)h(page)g(failure)f -(in)g(an)h(in)o(terrupt)g(instruction)h(is)e(regarded)i(as)f(a)g(fatal)e -(error,)j(and)e(causes)245 2065 y(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i(instead)f(of)f(a)g -(page)g(failure)g(trap.)18 b(The)13 b(k)o(ernel)g(program)e(is)i(exp)q(ected) -h(to)f(set)245 2115 y(up)e(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(instructions)g(so)g(that)f(a) -g(soft)o(w)o(are)h(page)f(failure)g(simply)e(cannot)i(o)q(ccur.)0 -2246 y(27)112 b(The)16 b(bu\013er)g(\(MB\))h(in)e(memory)e(con)o(trol)j(has)f -(receiv)o(ed)i(a)f(w)o(ord)f(with)h(ev)o(en)g(parit)o(y)m(.)22 -b(The)16 b(setting)h(of)154 2296 y(this)d(\015ag)f(lo)q(c)o(ks)h(information) -d(ab)q(out)j(the)g(reference)i(in)o(to)e(ERA.)0 2381 y(28)112 -b(A)13 b(ph)o(ysical)f(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(with)g(ev)o(en)i(parit)o(y)e -(has)h(b)q(een)h(encoun)o(tered)h(in)d(the)i(cac)o(he)g(directory)m(.)k(The) -154 2431 y(setting)13 b(of)g(this)g(bit)g(turns)h(o\013)f(the)h(cac)o(he,)g -(and)f(it)f(remains)h(o\013)g(un)o(til)f(the)i(\015ag)e(is)i(cleared)g(b)o(y) -f(giving)e(a)154 2481 y Fx(CONO)h(APR,)h FD(with)g(1s)h(in)g(bits)g(22)f(and) -h(28.)0 2567 y(29)112 b(A)19 b(storage)g(con)o(troller)g(has)h(signaled)e -(that)h(it)g(has)g(receiv)o(ed)i(an)d(address)j(with)d(ev)o(en)i(parit)o(y)f -(from)154 2616 y(the)g(pro)q(cessor.)33 b(The)19 b(parit)o(y)f(c)o(hec)o(k)h -(actually)f(encompasses)h(b)q(oth)f(the)h(address)h(and)e(the)h(con)o(trol)p -eop -%%Page: 403 63 -403 62 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(403)304 195 y(signals)12 b(that)h(accompan)o(y)f(it)h(on)g(the)h(S)f -(bus.)18 b(The)c(setting)f(of)g(this)g(bit)g(lo)q(c)o(ks)g(information)d(ab)q -(out)j(the)304 245 y(attempted)g(reference)k(in)o(to)c(ERA.)150 -330 y(30)112 b(Ac)17 b(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)f(has)h(failed.)25 b(The)17 -b(program)e(should)h(sa)o(v)o(e)h(PC,)f(the)h(\015ags,)g(mo)q(de)e -(information)f(and)i(fast)304 380 y(memory)d(in)i(storage,)i(up)q(date)f(the) -g(accoun)o(ting)g(meters,)g(v)n(alidate)f(the)h(en)o(tire)h(cac)o(he,)f(and)g -(halt)f(the)304 430 y(pro)q(cessor.)36 b(Note)20 b(that)g(PC)f(ma)o(y)f(p)q -(oin)o(t)h(to)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(routine)g(rather)g(than)g(the)g(main)d -(pro-)304 480 y(gram.)f(After)d(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)g(is)g(restored)h(the)g(fron)o -(t)e(end)i(m)o(ust)d(reb)q(o)q(ot)j(the)f(system,)g(and)f(the)i(Monitor)e(m)o -(ust)304 530 y(reestablish)i(the)h(op)q(erating)f(en)o(vironmen)o(t)e(\()p -FB(x)q FD(4.1.5\).)150 615 y(31)112 b(A)14 b(cac)o(he)g(sw)o(eep)h(has)f(b)q -(een)h(completed.)150 701 y(32)112 b(Some)13 b(pro)q(cessor)j(\015ag)e(is)h -(curren)o(tly)g(requesting)h(an)e(in)o(terrupt,)h(i.e.,)e(some)h(\015ag)g(in) -g(bits)g(24{31)g(is)g(set)304 751 y(and)f(has)h(b)q(een)h(enabled)f(to)f(in)o -(terrupt)h(as)g(indicated)g(b)o(y)f(a)g(1)h(in)f(the)h(corresp)q(onding)h(p)q -(osition)e(in)g(bits)304 800 y(6{13.)p 150 1059 1495 4 v 150 -984 V 148 1057 4 75 v 1643 1057 V 688 1057 V 729 1057 V 896 -1057 V 162 1089 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)698 1034 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 951 y Fk(RDERA)482 -954 y(Read)19 b(Erro)n(r)f(Address)f(Register)j(\(BLKI)f(PI,\))368 -1034 y FD(70040)150 1185 y(Read)d(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)h(error)h -(address)g(register)f(in)o(to)f(lo)q(cation)g Fu(E)r FD(.)27 -b(If)16 b(No)g(Memory)m(,)g(MB)h(P)o(arit)o(y)f(Error)150 1234 -y(or)e(Address)i(P)o(arit)o(y)d(Error)i(is)f(set,)h(ERA)f(con)o(tains)g -(information)d(ab)q(out)j(the)h(reference)h(corresp)q(onding)f(to)f(the)150 -1284 y(\014rst)h(of)e(those)i(\015ags)e(to)h(b)q(e)h(set)f(as)g(sho)o(wn.)p -150 1873 1495 2 v 149 1872 2 187 v 150 1686 1495 2 v 1644 1872 -2 187 v 398 1884 2 13 v 647 1884 V 896 1884 V 1145 1884 V 1394 -1884 V 1586 1902 a Fp(35)p 1644 1872 2 187 v -1445 w(18)p 149 -1872 V 565 1787 a Fn(Ph)o(ysical)c(Address)g(of)i(First)f(W)m(ord)g(of)g(T)m -(ransfer)258 1902 y Fp(19)p 315 1872 2 21 v -34 w(19)p 232 -1872 V 49 w(20)p 398 1872 V -34 w(20)p 315 1872 V 49 w(21)p -481 1872 V -34 w(21)p 398 1872 V 49 w(22)p 564 1872 V -34 w(22)p -481 1872 V 49 w(23)p 647 1872 V -34 w(23)p 564 1872 V 49 w(24)p -730 1872 V -34 w(24)p 647 1872 V 49 w(25)p 813 1872 V -34 w(25)p -730 1872 V 49 w(26)p 896 1872 V -34 w(26)p 813 1872 V 49 w(27)p -979 1872 V -34 w(27)p 896 1872 V 49 w(28)p 1062 1872 V -34 -w(28)p 979 1872 V 49 w(29)p 1145 1872 V -34 w(29)p 1062 1872 -V 49 w(30)p 1228 1872 V -34 w(30)p 1145 1872 V 49 w(31)p 1311 -1872 V -34 w(31)p 1228 1872 V 49 w(32)p 1394 1872 V -34 w(32)p -1311 1872 V 49 w(33)p 1478 1872 V -34 w(33)p 1394 1872 V 49 -w(34)p 1561 1872 V -34 w(34)p 1478 1872 V 150 1582 1495 2 v -149 1581 2 187 v 150 1395 1495 2 v 1644 1581 2 187 v 398 1594 -2 13 v 647 1594 V 896 1594 V 1145 1594 V 1394 1594 V 266 1611 -a(1)p 315 1581 2 187 v -100 w(0)p 149 1581 V 191 1482 a Fn(W)m(ord)171 -1517 y(Num)o(b)q(er)266 1611 y Fp(1)p 315 1581 2 21 v -17 w(1)p -232 1581 V 398 w(6)p 730 1477 2 84 v -349 w(2)p 315 1477 V -342 1447 a Fn(Reference)e(Iden)o(ti\014cati)o(on)681 1611 y -Fp(6)p 730 1581 2 187 v -349 w(2)p 315 1581 V -17 w(2)p 398 -1581 2 63 v -17 w(2)p 315 1581 V 325 1558 a Fn(Swp)432 1611 -y Fp(3)p 481 1581 V -17 w(3)p 398 1581 V 408 1562 a Fn(Chn)515 -1611 y Fp(4)p 564 1581 V -17 w(4)p 481 1581 V 486 1561 a Fn(Data)598 -1611 y Fp(5)p 647 1581 V -17 w(5)p 564 1581 V 582 1561 a Fn(Src)681 -1611 y Fp(6)p 730 1581 V -17 w(6)p 647 1581 V 659 1561 a Fn(W)m(rt)847 -1611 y Fp(8)p 896 1581 2 187 v -100 w(7)p 730 1581 V 772 1466 -a Fn(Inde{)764 1500 y(termi{)781 1533 y(nate)847 1611 y Fp(8)p -896 1581 2 21 v -17 w(8)p 813 1581 V 390 w(13)p 1311 1581 2 -187 v -358 w(9)p 896 1581 V 1094 1501 a FD(0)1005 1611 y Fp(10)p -1062 1581 2 21 v -34 w(10)p 979 1581 V 49 w(11)p 1145 1581 -V -34 w(11)p 1062 1581 V 49 w(12)p 1228 1581 V -34 w(12)p 1145 -1581 V 381 w(17)p 1644 1581 2 187 v -283 w(14)p 1311 1581 V -1391 1478 a Fn(High)i(Order)1380 1520 y(Address)f(Bits)1337 -1611 y Fp(14)p 1394 1581 2 21 v -34 w(14)p 1311 1581 V 49 w(15)p -1478 1581 V -34 w(15)p 1394 1581 V 49 w(16)p 1561 1581 V -34 -w(16)p 1478 1581 V 150 2061 a FD(Bits)15 b(0{1)e(and)h(14{35)f(iden)o(tify)g -(the)i(ph)o(ysical)f(lo)q(cation)f(of)h(the)g(reference)j(in)d(whic)o(h)g -(the)h(error)g(o)q(ccurred.)21 b(Bits)150 2111 y(14{35)15 b(are)i(the)g -(address)h(of)e(the)h(sp)q(eci\014c)g(memory)d(reference)19 -b(made)c(b)o(y)i(the)g(program)d(or)j(whatev)o(er.)26 b(If)16 -b(the)150 2161 y(reference)21 b(required)f(only)e(a)h(single)f(transfer,)j -(that)e(address)h(is)f(the)g(error)h(address.)34 b(But)20 b(if)e(the)h -(reference)150 2211 y(triggered)f(a)f(group)g(transfer,)h(bits)g(14{35)d(are) -j(the)g(address)g(of)f(the)h(\014rst)g(reference)h(c)o(hronologically)d(in)g -(the)150 2260 y(group,)g(and)g(bits)h(0)f(and)g(1)g(giv)o(e)g(the)h(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)e(of)h(the)h(w)o(ord)f(on)g(whic)o(h)h(the)g(error)g(actually)e(o)q -(ccurred.)28 b(Note)150 2310 y(that)14 b(w)o(ord)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(are)i -(in)e(ph)o(ysical,)g(not)h(c)o(hronological,)e(order.)150 2396 -y(Information)17 b(giv)o(en)h(in)h(bits)g(2{6)f(iden)o(ti\014es)h(the)h -(reference.)36 b(A)19 b(1)g(in)f(bit)h(2)g(or)g(3)g(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)h -(means)e(the)150 2446 y(reference)12 b(w)o(as)d(made)g(for)g(a)g(cac)o(he)i -(sw)o(eep)f(or)g(a)f(c)o(hannel)h(transfer.)17 b(Bit)10 b(6)f(indicates)h -(the)g(memory)d(function)i(b)q(eing)150 2495 y(p)q(erformed)16 -b(for)h(the)g(reference,)j(where)d(the)h(read)f(and)g(write)g(parts)g(of)f(a) -g(read{pause{write)i(are)f(separately)150 2545 y(indicated)g(b)o(y)f(0)g(and) -h(1.)26 b(Bits)17 b(4,)f(5)g(and)h(6)f(together)i(iden)o(tify)d(the)j(source) -g(of)e(the)h(data)f(for)g(the)h(transfer)h(or)150 2595 y(attempted)c -(transfer)g(\(on)g(write)g(the)h(w)o(ord)f(is)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(going)g(to)h -(storage\).)p eop -%%Page: 404 64 -404 63 bop 0 50 a FD(404)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)154 188 y Fy(Bits)h(4{5)279 b(Sour)n(c)n(e)15 -b(with)f(0)h(in)g(bit)f(6)279 b(Sour)n(c)n(e)15 b(with)f(1)h(in)g(bit)f(6)209 -256 y FD(00)104 b(Storage)14 b(for)g(an)o(y)f(read)i(or)f(read{pause{write) -209 b(Channel)14 b(status)209 306 y(01)1076 b(Channel)14 b(data)209 -356 y(10)1168 b(AR)209 406 y(11)104 b(Cac)o(he)15 b(for)e(c)o(hannel)h(read)h -(or)f(TOPS{10)f(page)h(re\014ll)96 b(Cac)o(he)15 b(writebac)o(k)0 -489 y(ERA)j(retains)h(the)g(same)f(information)d(un)o(til)j(the)g(program)f -(clears)i(the)g(lo)q(c)o(king)f(\015ags)g(b)o(y)g(giving)f(a)h -Fx(CONO)0 539 y(APR,22600+)p Fy(P)t FD(.)f(Of)i(course)i(only)d(\015ags)h -(that)h(are)f(set)i(actually)d(need)i(b)q(e)g(cleared,)h(and)e(the)h(routine) -g(that)0 589 y(resp)q(onds)15 b(to)e(errors)i(should)e(consider)i(and)e -(clear)h(all)e(set)i(\015ags.)k(T)m(o)13 b(facilitate)f(diagnosis)h(from)f -(the)i(fron)o(t)f(end,)0 639 y(the)i(master)f(reset)i(do)q(es)f(not)g(clear)g -(ERA.)e(Hence)j(if)e(need)h(b)q(e,)g(the)g(fron)o(t)f(end)h(can)g(giv)o(e)f -(diagnostic)g(functions)0 689 y(that)g(reset)h(the)g(KL10)f(and)f(then)i -(read)f(ERA.)0 774 y(The)e(pro)q(cessor)i(includes)f(pro)o(vision)d(for)i -(forcing)f(bad)h(parit)o(y)g(to)f(c)o(hec)o(k)i(the)g(error)g(detection)g -(logic.)j(Bits)c(18{20)0 824 y(of)f(a)g Fx(CONO)g(PI,)f FD(\()p -FB(x)q FD(4.1.1\))g(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)j(cause)g(ev)o(en)f(parit)o(y)f(to)h -(b)q(e)g(generated)h(for)e(an)g(address)i(sen)o(t)g(to)e(memory)m(,)0 -874 y(a)17 b(data)f(w)o(ord)h(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(from)g(AR,)h(and)h(a)g(page)f -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(en)o(tered)h(in)o(to)f(the)g(cac)o(he)h(directory)m(.)28 -b(Where)17 b(the)0 924 y(data)c(error)g(sho)o(ws)h(up)f(dep)q(ends)h(on)f -(where)h(the)f(w)o(ord)g(is)g(sen)o(t)g(from)e(AR.)h(Whic)o(h)h(errors)h(are) -f(b)q(eing)g(forced)h(can)0 973 y(b)q(e)h(seen)g(b)o(y)e(c)o(hec)o(king)i -(the)f(\015ags)g(in)f(the)i(same)e(bits)h(of)f(a)h Fx(CONI)e(PI,)p -FD(.)0 1059 y FA(Programming)20 b(Cautions.)33 b FD(When)20 -b(handling)e(parit)o(y)h(error)i(or)e(nonexisten)o(t)i(memory)c(in)o -(terrupts,)k(the)0 1109 y(programmer)12 b(should)h(b)q(ew)o(are)i(of)e(the)i -(follo)o(wing.)62 1230 y FB(\017)21 b FD(An)e(incorrect)h(w)o(ord)f(from)f -(memory)e(to)j(AR)g(or)g(ARX)f(can)i(result)g(in)e(b)q(oth)h(a)g(page)g -(failure)f(and)h(an)104 1280 y(in)o(terrupt.)f(In)12 b(general)h(the)g(page)f -(fail)f(trap)i(to)f(the)h(Monitor)f(can)h(b)q(e)g(exp)q(ected)h(to)e(o)q -(ccur)i(sligh)o(tly)d(ahead)104 1329 y(of)i(the)i(in)o(terrupt.)62 -1410 y FB(\017)21 b FD(Should)10 b(an)g(error)h(\015ag)f(b)q(e)h(set)h(while) -e(another)h(in)o(terrupt)g(request)h(is)e(b)q(eing)g(pro)q(cessed,)j(the)f -(system)e(w)o(ould)104 1460 y(handle)k(the)i(lo)o(w)o(er)e(priorit)o(y)g(in)o -(terrupt)i(b)q(efore)f(getting)g(to)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(in)o(terrupt.)k -(This)15 b(means)f(PC)104 1510 y(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(p)q(oin)o(ting)e(to)i(a)f -(lo)o(w)o(er)h(lev)o(el)f(in)o(terrupt)h(routine)g(rather)h(than)f(the)g -(program)e(lev)o(el)h(at)h(whic)o(h)f(the)104 1559 y(error)j(o)q(ccurred.)26 -b(Remem)o(b)q(er)14 b(that)i(during)f(request)i(pro)q(cessing,)g(the)f(in)o -(terrupt)h(system)e(is)h(otherwise)104 1609 y(static)e(and)g(the)g(program)e -(con)o(tin)o(ues.)62 1690 y FB(\017)21 b FD(Ev)o(en)16 b(without)f(inadv)o -(erten)o(t)h(in)o(terference)h(from)d(another)i(lev)o(el,)f(it)g(is)g(quite)h -(lik)o(ely)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(will)104 1740 y(p)q(erform)g(one)h(or)g(p)q -(erhaps)i(t)o(w)o(o)d(more)g(instructions)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(the)e(time)f -(the)i(error)g(\015ag)f(sets)h(and)f(its)104 1790 y(in)o(terrupt)12 -b(starts.)18 b(Hence)13 b(ev)o(en)f(though)f(PC)g(is)g(at)g(the)h(correct)h -(program)d(lev)o(el,)h(it)f(ma)o(y)g(w)o(ell)g(b)q(e)i(p)q(oin)o(ting)104 -1839 y(to)i(the)g(\014rst)h(or)f(second)h(instruction)f(follo)o(wing)d(the)j -(one)h(in)e(whic)o(h)h(the)g(error)h(o)q(ccurred.)62 1920 y -FB(\017)21 b FD(A)12 b(pro)q(cessor)i(error)f(in)o(terrupt)f(that)g(switc)o -(hes)i(o)o(v)o(er)e(to)f(a)h(lo)o(w)o(er)g(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el)h(should)f -(not)h(return)i(to)d(the)104 1970 y(in)o(terrupted)17 b(program,)e(as)h(the)g -(error)h(ma)o(y)e(simply)f(recur,)j(pro)q(ducing)f(a)g(second)h(pro)q(cessor) -h(in)o(terrupt)104 2020 y(b)q(efore)f(the)h(error{handling)e(in)o(terrupt)i -(for)e(the)h(\014rst.)28 b(This)17 b(could)f(happ)q(en)i(b)q(ecause)g(PC)f -(is)g(actually)104 2069 y(p)q(oin)o(ting)i(to)h(the)g(o\013ending)g -(instruction,)i(but)e(b)q(ey)o(ond)g(that,)h(one)g(error)g(often)f(b)q(egets) -h(another)f(|)104 2119 y(consider)15 b(the)f(case)h(of)f(PC)g(coun)o(ting)f -(in)o(to)h(a)f(nonexisten)o(t)i(memory)m(.)g(In)f(an)o(y)g(ev)o(en)o(t,)g(it) -g(is)f(generally)h(not)104 2169 y(w)o(orth)o(while)f(to)h(return)h(to)f(an)o -(y)f(program)f(without)i(\014rst)g(\014nding)g(out)g(what)f(w)o(en)o(t)i -(wrong.)0 2344 y Fz(S)k(Bus)g(Diagnostic)f(Cycle)0 2429 y FD(Ordinarily)h -(the)h(S)g(bus)g(is)g(used)g(for)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(to)f(reference)i -(memory)m(.)33 b(But)20 b(the)g(S)g(bus)g(also)f(has)h(a)0 -2479 y(diagnostic)13 b(cycle)h(that)g(allo)o(ws)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(to)e -(comm)o(unicate)f(with)h(the)h(memory)d(con)o(trollers)j(rather)g(than)0 -2529 y(to)i(access)j(a)d(particular)g(lo)q(cation.)25 b(The)17 -b(diagnostic)f(cycle)h(is)f(initiated)g(b)o(y)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(giving)c -(a)h(sp)q(ecial)0 2579 y(instruction)g(that)g(sends)i(a)e(function)f(w)o(ord) -h(to)g(a)g(con)o(troller)g(and)g(receiv)o(es)i(a)d(w)o(ord)h(of)g(error)h -(and)f(diagnostic)0 2629 y(information)11 b(bac)o(k)j(from)e(it.)p -eop -%%Page: 405 65 -405 64 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.1.)31 b(KL10)13 b(SYSTEM)i(OPERA)m(TIONS)1062 -b FD(405)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 75 v 1643 353 -V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 246 -y Fk(SBDIA)n(G)482 249 y(S)19 b(Bus)f(Diagnostic)i(F)n(unction)h(\(BLK)n(O)d -(PI,\))368 329 y FD(70050)150 480 y(Send)g(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(lo)q -(cation)f Fu(E)k FD(as)d(a)g(function)g(w)o(ord)h(o)o(v)o(er)f(the)h -Fu(S)i FD(bus)e(to)f(the)h(con)o(troller)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)150 -530 y(bits)13 b(0{4,)g(and)g(read)h(the)g(return)h(w)o(ord)e(for)g(the)h -(function)f(from)f(that)h(con)o(troller)h(in)o(to)e(lo)q(cation)h -Fu(E)d FD(+)f(1.)17 b(Whic)o(h)150 580 y(function)d(a)f(w)o(ord)h(represen)o -(ts)i(is)e(indicated)g(b)o(y)g(its)g(co)q(de)g(in)g(bits)g(31{35.)p -eop -%%Page: 406 66 -406 65 bop 0 50 a FD(406)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y Fv(4.2)70 b(KS10)23 b(System)d(Op)r(erations)0 -322 y FD(The)e(information)c(presen)o(ted)20 b(in)d(this)g(section)h(is)f -(primarily)e(for)i(Digital's)e(o)o(wn)i(system)g(programmers,)f(for)0 -372 y(their)c(use)h(in)e(writing)g(the)h(Monitor)f(and)h(other)g(soft)o(w)o -(are.)18 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)12 b(it)f(is)h(also)f(needed)i(b)o(y)e(an)o(y)o -(one)h(who)f(wishes)0 421 y(to)19 b(write)g(his)g(o)o(wn)g(op)q(erating)g -(system,)g(to)g(some)f(exten)o(t)i(b)o(y)f(users)h(who)f(handle)g(their)g(o)o -(wn)g(I/O,)f(and)h(b)o(y)0 471 y(programmers)12 b(in)h(a)h(situation)f(where) -i(all)e(the)h(facilities)f(of)g(a)h(system)g(are)g(dedicated)h(to)f(a)f -(single)h(large)f(task.)756 589 y Fz(W)-6 b(ARNING)104 680 -y FD(KS10)14 b(functions)g(are)g(implemen)o(ted)e(in)i(micro)q(co)q(de,)f -(whic)o(h)h(can)g(b)q(e)h(c)o(hanged)g(m)o(uc)o(h)e(more)g(easily)104 -730 y(than)h(hardw)o(are.)k(Although)13 b(user)i(op)q(erations,)f(describ)q -(ed)h(in)f(Chapter)g(2,)f(are)i(delib)q(erately)f(k)o(ept)104 -780 y(as)i(compatible)f(as)i(p)q(ossible)f(from)f(one)i(mac)o(hine)e(to)h -(the)h(next,)g(Digital)e(will)g(c)o(hange)h(the)h(KS10)104 -830 y(system)d(micro)q(co)q(de)h(whenev)o(er)h(suc)o(h)f(c)o(hange)g(will)f -(result)h(in)g(greater)g(sp)q(eed,)h(e\016ciency)g(or)f(e\013ec-)104 -880 y(tiv)o(eness.)27 b(Therefore)19 b(an)o(y)o(one)d(writing)g(system)g -(soft)o(w)o(are)h(should)g(mak)o(e)e(sure)j(to)e(use)i(the)f(most)104 -929 y(recen)o(tly)c(up)q(dated)h(v)o(ersion)e(of)g(this)h(do)q(cumen)o -(tation,)e(and)i(b)q(efore)g(em)o(barking)e(on)h(an)o(y)g(pro)r(ject)i(as)104 -979 y(enormous)e(and)i(critical)e(as)i(an)f(op)q(erating)g(system,)g(to)g(c)o -(hec)o(k)h(with)f(Large)h(Systems)f(Engineering)104 1029 y(for)g(an)o(y)h(c)o -(hanges)g(not)g(y)o(et)g(do)q(cumen)o(ted.)0 1183 y(Programming)h(for)i(the)i -(system)f(as)g(a)f(whole)h(is)g(programming)c(in)k(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de.)29 -b(Only)18 b(the)h(executiv)o(e)0 1233 y(program)f(is)i(without)g(instruction) -g(restrictions,)i(and)e(only)f(it)h(can,)h(if)e(needed,)j(access)g(ph)o -(ysical)d(memory)0 1283 y(unpaged.)e(The)11 b(amoun)o(t)d(of)i(useful)g(w)o -(ork)g(done)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(system)f(dep)q(ends)i(up)q(on)e(ho)o(w)g -(e\016cien)o(tly)g(and)g(e\013ectiv)o(ely)0 1333 y(the)15 b(executiv)o(e)h -(manages)e(the)i(system.)k(This)15 b(means)f(selecting)i(whic)o(h)e(pro)q -(cesses)k(will)13 b(run)j(when,)f(managing)0 1382 y(their)21 -b(w)o(orking)e(sets,)k(resp)q(onding)e(to)g(their)f(needs,)j(and)e(ev)o(en)g -(reacting)g(to)f(error)h(situations)f(or)h(p)q(erhaps)0 1432 -y(do)o(wnrigh)o(t)14 b(unacceptable)h(b)q(eha)o(vior)f(on)h(the)g(part)f(of)g -(a)g(user.)21 b(The)14 b(executiv)o(e)i(program)d(accomplishes)h(these)0 -1482 y(ob)r(jectiv)o(es)19 b(b)o(y)e(handling)f(all)h(in{out)g(for)g(the)h -(system,)g(setting)g(up)g(page)g(maps,)f(trap)h(lo)q(cations,)f(in)o(terrupt) -0 1532 y(lo)q(cations)e(and)g(the)h(lik)o(e)f(for)g(b)q(oth)g(itself)h(and)f -(the)h(users,)h(handling)d(user)i(accoun)o(ts,)h(and)e(so)g(forth.)23 -b(In)15 b(other)0 1582 y(w)o(ords,)i(except)h(for)f(handling)e(in{out,)h(the) -h(activities)g(of)f(an)g(op)q(erating)h(system)f(are)i(the)f(topics)g(co)o(v) -o(ered)g(in)0 1631 y(this)d(c)o(hapter.)19 b(Of)14 b(course)h(the)g(system)f -(programmer)d(m)o(ust)i(also)h(b)q(e)g(quite)g(familiar)d(with)i(all)g(of)g -(the)i(material)0 1681 y(presen)o(ted)f(in)d(Chapters)h(1)g(and)f(2.)17 -b(In)12 b(particular)f(he)h(m)o(ust)e(fully)h(understand)h(the)h(arc)o -(hitecture)g(of)e(the)h(system)0 1731 y(as)h(discussed)h(in)e(Chapter)h(1,)f -(and)g(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(esp)q(ecially)f(w)o(ell)g(v)o(ersed)i(in)e(the)h -(use)g(of)f(the)h Fx(JRST)f FD(instruction)h(and)0 1781 y(MUUOs)i(\()p -FB(x)p FD(2.9.4,)d FB(x)q FD(2.16\).)0 1866 y(System)e(information)e(for)i -(other)h(Digital)d(Equipmen)o(t)i(Corp)q(oration)g(pro)q(cessors)i(is)f(giv)o -(en)f(in)g(the)h(other)g(sections)0 1916 y(of)g(this)g(c)o(hapter.)18 -b(The)11 b(presen)o(t)i(section)f(is)f(dev)o(oted)h(solely)f(to)g(the)g -(KS10;)h(it)f(con)o(tains)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(sections)j(on)e(paging,)0 -1966 y(only)h(one)i(of)e(whic)o(h)h(is)g(applicable)f(to)h(a)g(giv)o(en)f -(system.)18 b FB(x)p FD(4.2.3)12 b(describ)q(es)j(the)e(paging)f(used)i(with) -f(the)h(TOPS{)0 2016 y(10)g(Monitor;)g(this)g(paging)g(is)g(similar)e(to)i -(that)h(of)e(the)i(KI10.)20 b FB(x)p FD(4.2.4)13 b(treats)j(the)f(paging)e -(asso)q(ciated)i(with)f(the)0 2066 y(TOPS{20)j(Monitor.)26 -b(Both)17 b(kinds)g(of)f(paging)g(emplo)o(y)e(the)k(same)e(hardw)o(are)h(|)f -(the)i(di\013erence)g(lies)f(in)f(the)0 2116 y(micro)q(co)q(de.)h(All)12 -b(instructions)i(discussed)h(in)d(this)h(c)o(hapter)h(are)f(for)g(system)g -(op)q(erations)g(and)g(are)g(th)o(us)g(sub)r(ject)0 2165 y(to)e(the)i(same)d -(restrictions)j(as)f(I/O)g(instructions:)17 b(namely)m(,)10 -b(they)i(can)f(b)q(e)i(p)q(erformed)e(only)g(when)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)0 -2215 y(is)i(in)f(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de)e(or)h(is)g(in)f(user)i(mo)q(de)e -(with)g(User)j(In{out)d(set.)0 2301 y(Some)c(of)g(the)i(material)d(presen)o -(ted)k(here)f(is)f(related)h(to)f(the)h(Unibus)f(adapters.)17 -b(The)11 b(c)o(hapter)g(describ)q(es)h(only)d(the)0 2351 y(activities)i(of)h -(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(undertak)o(en)i(for)e(the)h(adapters;)h(it)f(do)q -(es)g(not)g(describ)q(e)h(the)f(adapters)h(themselv)o(es)0 -2400 y(or)h(their)g(programming.)p eop -%%Page: 407 67 -407 66 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(407)150 195 y Fz(4.2.1)55 b(Priorit)n(y)18 b(In)n(terrupt)150 -307 y FD(Most)d(in{out)e(devices)j(m)o(ust)d(b)q(e)i(serviced)h(infrequen)o -(tly)f(relativ)o(e)f(to)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(sp)q(eed)g(and)e(only)g(a)g -(small)150 357 y(amoun)o(t)j(of)g(pro)q(cessor)k(time)c(is)h(required)h(to)g -(service)g(them,)g(but)f(they)h(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(serviced)h(within)d(a)h -(short)150 407 y(time)12 b(after)i(they)g(request)h(it.)i(F)m(ailure)c(to)g -(service)i(within)e(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(time)d(\(whic)o(h)i(v)n(aries)f -(among)f(devices\))150 457 y(can)j(often)h(result)g(in)e(loss)i(of)e -(information)e(and)k(certainly)f(results)h(in)f(op)q(erating)g(the)h(device)g -(b)q(elo)o(w)f(its)g(max-)150 507 y(im)o(um)e(sp)q(eed.)26 -b(The)16 b(priorit)o(y)g(in)o(terrupt)g(is)g(designed)h(with)f(these)h -(considerations)g(in)f(mind,)e(i.e.,)h(the)i(use)g(of)150 557 -y(in)o(terruptions)d(in)f(the)h(curren)o(t)g(program)e(sequence)k -(facilitates)c(concurren)o(t)j(op)q(eration)f(of)e(the)i(main)e(program)150 -606 y(and)h(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(p)q(eripheral)h(devices)h(through)e -(the)h(Unibus)g(adapters.)k(The)c(hardw)o(are)g(also)f(allo)o(ws)f(system)150 -656 y(\015ags)k(\(represen)o(ting)j(the)e(console)g(and)f(conditions)g(in)o -(ternal)g(to)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor\))h(to)f(signal)e(the)i(program)e(b)o(y)150 -706 y(requesting)d(an)f(in)o(terrupt.)18 b(T)m(o)10 b(a)o(v)o(oid)g -(confusion)h(with)f(Unibus)i(p)q(eripheral)f(devices,)i(let)e(us)g(regard)h -(the)f(en)o(tities)150 756 y(with)j(whic)o(h)f(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f(system)g -(deals)g(as)g(\\units".)k(The)c(system)g(\015ags)g(together)g(constitute)h(a) -f(unit.)150 841 y(In)o(terrupt)g(requests)h(are)e(handled)g(through)g(sev)o -(en)g(lev)o(els)g(arranged)g(in)g(a)f(priorit)o(y)g(c)o(hain,)g(with)h -(assignmen)o(t)f(of)150 891 y(units)h(to)g(lev)o(els)f(en)o(tirely)h(at)g -(the)g(discretion)h(of)e(the)h(programmer.)i(T)m(o)d(assign)h(a)f(unit)h(to)g -(a)f(lev)o(el,)g(the)i(program)150 941 y(sends)h(the)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g -(the)i(lev)o(el)e(to)h(the)g(unit)f(con)o(trol)h(register)h(as)f(part)f(of)h -(its)f(op)q(erating)h(conditions.)j(Lev)o(els)150 991 y(are)e(n)o(um)o(b)q -(ered)g(1{7,)e(with)h(1)h(ha)o(ving)e(the)j(highest)f(priorit)o(y;)e(a)i -(zero)g(assignmen)o(t)f(disconnects)i(the)f(unit)g(from)150 -1041 y(the)k(in)o(terrupt)g(lev)o(els)f(altogether.)32 b(An)o(y)18 -b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(units)g(can)h(b)q(e)g(connected)h(to)e(a)g(single)g -(lev)o(el,)g(and)g(an)150 1090 y(adapter)c(can)g(b)q(e)h(connected)h(to)d(t)o -(w)o(o)h(lev)o(els.)150 1176 y(When)f(a)f(unit)g(requires)i(service)g(it)e -(sends)i(an)e(in)o(terrupt)i(request)g(signal)d(o)o(v)o(er)i(the)g(request)h -(line)e(corresp)q(onding)150 1226 y(to)h(its)f(assigned)i(lev)o(el)e(in)g -(the)i(pro)q(cessor.)19 b(The)13 b(pro)q(cessor)i(recognizes)f(the)g(request) -g(if)e(the)h(lev)o(el)g(is)g(activ)o(e)f(\(on\).)150 1276 y(The)f(request)h -(signal)d(remains)g(on)h(the)h(line)f(un)o(til)g(turned)h(o\013)f(b)o(y)g(an) -g(appropriate)h(resp)q(onse)h(from)d(the)i(pro)q(cessor,)150 -1325 y(either)16 b(giv)o(en)f(b)o(y)g(the)h(program)e(or)h(generated)i -(automatically)12 b(b)o(y)j(the)h(hardw)o(are.)23 b(Th)o(us)15 -b(if)g(a)g(request)i(is)e(not)150 1375 y(recognized)e(or)f(accepted)i(when)f -(made,)d(it)i(will)f(b)q(e)h(when)h(the)g(appropriate)f(conditions)g(are)g -(satis\014ed.)18 b(A)12 b(single)150 1425 y(lev)o(el)g(will)f(sh)o(ut)h(out)g -(all)f(others)i(of)f(lo)o(w)o(er)g(priorit)o(y)f(if)g(ev)o(ery)i(time)e(its)h -(service)i(routine)e(dismisses)g(the)h(in)o(terrupt,)150 1475 -y(a)h(device)g(assigned)g(to)g(it)g(is)f(already)h(w)o(aiting)e(with)i -(another)g(request.)150 1560 y(In)h(a)g(Unibus)g(system)g(the)h(I/O)f -(devices)h(receiv)o(e)h(and)e(send)h(information)c(via)i(the)i(adapter,)f -(and)g(they)h(signal)150 1610 y(the)f(adapter)g(to)g(indicate)f(their)h -(needs.)21 b(T)m(o)14 b(transfer)i(data)e(for)g(high)g(sp)q(eed)i(devices,)g -(the)f(adapter)g(can)f(mak)o(e)150 1660 y(direct)i(access)h(to)e(memory)d(o)o -(v)o(er)j(the)h(KS10)f(bus.)21 b(But)16 b(to)f(transfer)h(data)f(for)f(slo)o -(w)o(er)h(devices)h(and)f(to)g(handle)150 1710 y(con)o(trol)i(situations)h -(for)f(all)f(devices,)k(the)e(adapter)g(uses)h(the)f(KS10)f(in)o(terrupt.)30 -b(F)m(or)18 b(individual)d(devices)k(to)150 1760 y(signal)13 -b(the)i(adapter,)f(the)h(Unibus)g(has)f(its)g(o)o(wn)g(in)o(terrupt)h(system) -f(of)g(four)g(lev)o(els,)f(BR4{BR7,)g(with)h(the)h(last)150 -1809 y(ha)o(ving)c(highest)h(priorit)o(y)m(.)17 b(Requests)c(for)f(in)o -(terrupts)h(on)f(BR6)g(and)g(BR7)g(are)g(translated)h(in)o(to)e(requests)j -(on)e(the)150 1859 y(KS10)j(in)o(terrupt)g(lev)o(el)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y) -f(the)g(so{called)g(\\high")e(assignmen)o(t,)h(and)h(those)g(on)g(BR4)f(and)h -(BR5)g(are)150 1909 y(translated)g(in)o(to)f(KS10)g(requests)j(on)d(the)h -(\\lo)o(w")e(lev)o(el.)20 b(Of)14 b(course)i(complete)e(con)o(trol)g(o)o(v)o -(er)h(the)g(adapter)g(and)150 1959 y(the)e(Unibus)g(devices,)h(including)d -(assignmen)o(t)h(of)g(lev)o(els)g(for)h(KS10)f(and)h(Unibus)f(in)o(terrupts,) -i(is)e(en)o(tirely)h(in)f(the)150 2009 y(hands)i(of)f(the)i(KS10)f(program.) -150 2094 y(The)j(request)g(signal)f(is)g(generally)g(deriv)o(ed)g(from)f(a)h -(\015ag)f(that)i(is)f(set)h(b)o(y)f(v)n(arious)f(conditions)h(in)g(the)h -(device.)150 2144 y(Often)d(asso)q(ciated)h(with)e(these)i(\015ags)f(are)g -(enabling)f(\015ags,)g(where)i(the)f(setting)g(of)f(some)g(device)h -(condition)f(\015ag)150 2194 y(can)j(request)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(on)e(the)i -(assigned)f(lev)o(el)f(only)g(if)g(the)i(asso)q(ciated)f(enabling)f(\015ag)h -(is)g(also)f(set.)25 b(The)150 2244 y(enabling)12 b(\015ags)h(are)g(in)g -(turn)g(con)o(trolled)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(conditions)g(supplied)g(to)g(the)g -(device.)19 b(F)m(or)12 b(example,)g(a)g(device)150 2294 y(ma)o(y)i(ha)o(v)o -(e)h(half)g(a)g(dozen)h(\015ags)g(to)f(indicate)h(v)n(arious)f(in)o(ternal)g -(conditions)g(that)h(ma)o(y)d(require)k(service)g(b)o(y)e(an)150 -2343 y(in)o(terrupt;)g(b)o(y)f(setting)g(up)h(the)g(asso)q(ciated)g(enabling) -e(\015ags,)h(the)h(program)d(can)j(determine)f(whic)o(h)g(conditions)150 -2393 y(shall)f(actually)g(request)j(in)o(terrupts)f(in)e(an)o(y)g(giv)o(en)h -(circumstances.)150 2479 y(Ha)o(ving)9 b(recognized)i(a)e(request,)j(the)f -(pro)q(cessor)g(will)e(do)g(nothing)g(further)i(with)f(it)f(unless)i(the)f -(priorit)o(y)f(in)o(terrupt)150 2529 y(system)17 b(is)g(on.)28 -b(But)18 b(ev)o(en)g(with)f(the)h(system)f(o\013,)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h -(will)d(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(to)g(recognize)i(requests)g(on)150 -2578 y(other)e(lev)o(els;)h(and)e(when)h(the)g(system)g(is)f(\014nally)f -(turned)j(on,)e(it)h(will)e(resp)q(ond)i(as)g(though)f(all)g(requests)i(had) -150 2628 y(just)c(b)q(een)h(recognized,)g(handling)d(the)j(highest)f(priorit) -o(y)f(one)h(\014rst.)p eop -%%Page: 408 68 -408 67 bop 0 50 a FD(408)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y Fz(Pro)r(cessing)k(an)h(In)n(terrupt)0 -281 y FD(The)c(pro)q(cessor)h(handles)f(only)e(one)i(request)h(at)e(a)h -(time.)j(When)c(it)h(is)f(ready)m(,)g(it)g(accepts)i(the)f(highest)g(priorit) -o(y)0 330 y(request)j(curren)o(tly)g(recognized,)f(pro)o(vided)g(that)f -(request)i(is)f(on)f(a)g(lev)o(el)g(higher)h(than)f(the)i(curren)o(t)g -(program)0 380 y(\(all)c(lev)o(els)i(are)g(higher)f(than)h(a)f(nonin)o -(terrupt)h(program\).)21 b(T)m(o)15 b(pro)q(cess)i(a)e(request)i(the)f(micro) -q(co)q(de)f(stops)h(the)0 430 y(program,)f(turns)i(o\013)g(the)g(in)o -(terrupt)g(system)f(to)g(prev)o(en)o(t)i(in)o(terference)g(from)d(other)i -(requests,)h(and)f(executes)0 480 y(a)h(\\who)g(are)h(y)o(ou?")32 -b(cycle)19 b(on)g(the)g(KS10)f(bus)h(to)g(determine)g(whic)o(h)f(adapters)h -(are)g(curren)o(tly)h(requesting)0 530 y(in)o(terrupts)13 b(on)f(the)h -(accepted)h(lev)o(el.)j(Note)c(that)f(at)g(this)g(p)q(oin)o(t)g(the)h(pro)q -(cessor)h(is)e(accepting)h(not)f(an)g(individual)0 580 y(request,)i(but)g -(rather)g(a)f(class)g(of)g(requests:)20 b(namely)11 b(all)h(those)i(b)q(eing) -f(made)f(on)h(the)h(same)e(lev)o(el.)18 b(In)13 b(this)g(cycle)0 -629 y(the)i(micro)q(co)q(de)e(sends)j(out)e(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g(the) -i(lev)o(el,)f(and)f(the)i(individual)d(adapters)j(0{3)f(indicate)g(whether)0 -679 y(they)j(are)f(requesting)i(in)o(terrupts)f(on)f(that)g(lev)o(el)g(b)o(y) -g(placing)f(1s)i(on)f(bus)g(lines)g(18{21)f(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)26 -b(\(Hence)0 729 y(only)13 b(lines)h(19)f(and)h(21)f(are)i(used,)f(for)f -(adapters)i(1)f(and)f(3.\))0 815 y(If)d(no)h(adapter)g(resp)q(onds,)i(the)e -(request)i(is)d(assumed)h(to)f(b)q(e)i(in)o(ternal,)e(originating)f(either)j -(from)d(the)i(system)g(\015ags)0 864 y(or)h(the)h(program)e(itself.)18 -b(In)12 b(this)h(case)g(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(starts)i(the)f(in)o(terrupt)g -(b)o(y)f(executing)h(the)g(instruction)g(at)0 914 y(lo)q(cation)g(40)8 -b(+)h(2)p Fu(N)18 b FD(in)13 b(the)h(executiv)o(e)h(pro)q(cess)g(table,)e -(where)i Fu(N)j FD(is)c(the)g(lev)o(el)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)k(Lev)o(el)d(1)f -(uses)i(lo)q(cation)0 964 y(42,)e(lev)o(el)g(2)h(uses)h(44,)e(and)h(so)g(on)f -(to)h(lev)o(el)g(7)f(whic)o(h)h(uses)h(56.)0 1050 y(If)10 b(the)h(resp)q -(onse)i(on)d(lines)h(18{21)e(is)h(nonzero,)i(the)f(pro)q(cessor)i(giv)o(es)d -(priorit)o(y)g(to)g(the)h(lo)o(w)o(est{n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)g(adapter)0 -1099 y(that)j(has)g(a)g(request)i(on)e(the)h(accepted)h(lev)o(el)726 -1084 y Fp(47)775 1099 y FD(b)o(y)e(sending)g(out)g(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e -(of)h(that)g(adapter)1556 1084 y Fp(48)1606 1099 y FD(in)f(a)h(v)o(ector)0 -1149 y(request)f(cycle)g(on)f(the)g(bus.)18 b(The)12 b(v)o(ector)h(address)g -(returned)g(from)e(a)g(device)i(is)e(divided)h(b)o(y)f(4,)h(and)g(the)g -(result)1764 1134 y Fp(49)0 1199 y FD(is)g(used)h(as)f(an)g(index)g(in)o(to)g -(a)g(table)g(of)f(in)o(terrupt)i(instructions)g(for)f(that)g(adapter.)18 -b(The)12 b(table)g(address)i(is)e(tak)o(en)0 1249 y(from)h(executiv)o(e)j -(pro)q(cess)h(table)e(lo)q(cation)f(100)c(+)g Fu(N)5 b FD(,)15 -b(where)h Fu(N)k FD(is)15 b(the)g(adapter)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(\(i.e.,)g(lo)q -(cations)h(101)0 1299 y(and)d(103)f(are)i(used\).)18 b(The)13 -b(pro)q(cessor)g(then)g(starts)g(the)g(in)o(terrupt)g(b)o(y)e(executing)i -(the)g(instruction)f(con)o(tained)g(in)0 1348 y(the)j(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d(the)i(table)e(address)i(plus)f(the)h(v)o(ector)f -(address)h(divided)f(b)o(y)f(4.)21 b(The)15 b(table)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)0 -1398 y(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)h(nonzero)h(|)e(otherwise)i(an)f(illegal)e(in)o -(terrupt)i(halt)g(o)q(ccurs)h(\()p FB(x)q FD(4.2.7\).)0 1484 -y FA(In)o(terrupt)f(Instructions.)20 b FD(An)c(in)o(terrupt)g(instruction)g -(is)f(one)h(executed)h(in)e(the)h(in)o(terrupt)h(lo)q(cation)d(for)h(a)0 -1534 y(lev)o(el,)g(in)h(direct)g(resp)q(onse)i(b)o(y)d(the)h(hardw)o(are)g -(\(rather)h(than)f(b)o(y)f(the)h(program\))e(to)i(a)f(request)j(on)d(that)h -(lev)o(el.)0 1583 y(An)f(in)o(terrupt)h(lo)q(cation)e(is)h(either)h(executiv) -o(e)g(pro)q(cess)g(table)f(lo)q(cation)f(40)c(+)g(2)p Fu(N)20 -b FD(sp)q(eci\014cally)15 b(for)f(lev)o(el)h Fu(N)5 b FD(;)15 -b(or)0 1633 y(the)f(adapter)g(table)g(lo)q(cation)e(deriv)o(ed)i(from)e(the)i -(in)o(terrupt)h(v)o(ector)f(and)f(the)h(table)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(corresp)q -(onding)g(to)0 1683 y(the)i(adapter)f(ha)o(ving)f(priorit)o(y)g(among)f -(those)j(on)e(the)i(accepted)h(lev)o(el.)j(Only)15 b(t)o(w)o(o)g -(instructions)g(can)g(b)q(e)h(used)0 1733 y(as)e(in)o(terrupt)g -(instructions:)19 b Fx(JSR)13 b FD(and)h Fx(XPCW)p FD(.)e(F)m(or)i(either,)g -(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(holds)e(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i(on)e(the)i(lev)o(el,)0 -1783 y(turns)i(the)g(in)o(terrupt)g(system)g(bac)o(k)f(on,)g(and)h(tak)o(es)f -(the)h(next)g(instruction)g(from)e(the)i(lo)q(cation)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o -(y)0 1832 y(the)g(jump)e(\(as)h(indicated)g(b)o(y)h(the)f(newly)h(c)o(hanged) -f(PC\).)g(F)m(or)g(a)g Fx(JSR)g FD(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(automatically)14 -b(en)o(ters)0 1882 y(executiv)o(e)f(mo)q(de.)k(F)m(or)12 b(an)g -Fx(XPCW)f FD(it)h(en)o(ters)h(the)g(mo)q(de)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)e(the)h -(new)g(\015ag)e(w)o(ord.)18 b(Either)13 b(instruction)0 1932 -y(is)j(a)g(jump)e(to)i(a)f(service)j(routine)e(handled)g(b)o(y)g(the)g -(Monitor.)24 b(Use)17 b(of)e(an)o(y)h(other)g(instruction)h(results)g(in)e -(an)0 1982 y(illegal)d(in)o(terrupt)j(instruction)f(halt)f(\()p -FB(x)q FD(4.2.7\).)0 2067 y(The)f(most)e(imp)q(ortan)o(t)f(p)q(oin)o(t)i(of)f -(whic)o(h)h(the)h(programmer)d(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)i(a)o(w)o(are)f(is)g(that)g -(ev)o(en)h(while)f(User)h(is)f(set,)h(the)0 2117 y(in)o(terrupt)k -(instructions)f(are)h(not)f(part)g(of)f(the)i(user)g(program.)j(They)c(are)h -(executed)h(in)d(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de)e(and)0 2167 y(are)h(therefore)h(sub) -r(ject)g(only)e(to)g(executiv)o(e)i(restrictions.)21 b(As)15 -b(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i(instruction,)e Fx(JSR)g FD(automatically)0 -2217 y(clears)e(User)h(to)f(jump)e(to)h(an)h(executiv)o(e)g(service)h -(routine.)18 b(An)12 b Fx(XPCW)e FD(should)i(b)q(e)g(set)h(up)e(to)h(pro)q -(duce)h(the)f(same)0 2267 y(result.)p 0 2293 720 2 v 31 2320 -a Fo(47)64 2332 y Fn(There)f(are)h(therefore)e(t)o(w)o(o)j(orders)e(of)h -(priorit)o(y)f(asso)q(ciated)f(with)i(an)g(in)o(terrupt:)j(\014rst)c(the)h -(lev)o(el,)g(and)f(then)h(for)f(all)h(adapters)0 2371 y(requesting)d(in)o -(terrupts)g(sim)o(ultaneou)o(sly)f(on)j(the)g(same)f(lev)o(el,)h(adapter)e(n) -o(um)o(b)q(er.)31 2399 y Fo(48)64 2411 y Fn(Note)i(that)f(these)h(are)f(the)h -(adapter)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(\(1)i(and)g(3\),)g(not)f(the)h(con)o(troller)e -(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(used)i(in)g(I/O)h(addresses)d(\(0)i(and)g(1\).)31 -2439 y Fo(49)64 2450 y Fn(A)16 b(v)o(ector)f(address)f(is)j(a)f(m)o(ultiple)d -(of)j(4)g(b)q(ecause)e(it)i(sp)q(eci\014es)f(a)h(pair)f(of)h(w)o(ord)g(lo)q -(cations)e(in)h(the)h(b)o(yte-orien)o(t)o(ed)d(Unibus)0 2490 -y(addressing)c(sc)o(heme.)p eop -%%Page: 409 69 -409 68 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(409)150 195 y Fz(In)n(terrupt)18 b(Programming)150 281 -y FD(The)c(program)f(can)h(con)o(trol)f(the)i(priorit)o(y)e(in)o(terrupt)i -(system)e(b)o(y)h(means)f(of)g(these)j(t)o(w)o(o)d(instructions.)p -150 530 1495 4 v 150 455 V 148 528 4 75 v 1643 528 V 688 528 -V 729 528 V 896 528 V 162 559 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 505 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 421 -y Fk(WRPI)194 b(W)n(rite)19 b(Prio)n(rit)n(y)i(Interrupt)d(Conditions)368 -504 y FD(70060)150 655 y(P)o(erform)e(the)h(functions)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o -(y)f(the)g(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(conditions)e Fu(E)j FD(as)d(sho)o(wn)h(\(a)f(1)h -(in)f(a)g(bit)g(pro)q(duces)i(the)150 705 y(indicated)c(function,)f(a)h(0)f -(has)h(no)g(e\013ect\).)p 150 997 1495 2 v 150 797 V 149 996 -2 200 v 1644 996 V 211 996 2 21 v 274 996 V 336 996 V 398 996 -2 200 v 410 833 a Fp(Drop)407 871 y(Prgm)419 909 y(Req)425 -947 y(On)417 979 y(Lvls)p 494 996 V 504 856 a(Clear)525 888 -y(PI)510 921 y(Sys{)515 957 y(tem)p 589 996 V 617 982 a Fn(Selected)9 -b(Lev)o(els)599 827 y Fp(Mak)o(e)598 860 y(Prgm)610 898 y(Req)616 -935 y(On)p 685 946 2 150 v 695 865 a Fn(T)m(urn)710 900 y(On)p -780 946 V 791 865 a(T)m(urn)805 900 y(O\013)p 876 996 2 200 -v 954 937 a(PI)916 972 y(System)886 840 y(T)m(urn)900 875 y(O\013)p -971 896 2 100 v 982 840 a(T)m(urn)996 875 y(On)p 1067 996 2 -200 v 1208 855 a FD(Select)15 b(Lev)o(els)g(for)1212 896 y(Bits)f -(22,24,25,26)1096 984 y(1)p 1145 996 2 50 v 60 w(2)p 1228 996 -V 62 w(3)p 1311 996 V 62 w(4)p 1394 996 V 62 w(5)p 1478 996 -V 62 w(6)p 1561 996 V 63 w(7)163 1027 y Fn(18)27 b(19)f(20)g(21)43 -b(22)60 b(23)f(24)h(25)f(26)h(27)f(28)51 b(29)45 b(30)i(31)g(32)g(33)g(34)g -(35)150 1147 y FD(22)70 b(On)14 b(lev)o(els)f(selected)j(b)o(y)d(1s)h(in)f -(bits)g(29{35,)f(turn)i(o\013)g(an)o(y)f(in)o(terrupt)h(requests)h(made)e -(previously)g(b)o(y)g(the)262 1196 y(program)f(\(via)i(bit)f(24\).)150 -1282 y(23)70 b(T)m(urn)15 b(o\013)g(the)g(priorit)o(y)g(in)o(terrupt)g -(system,)g(turn)g(o\013)g(all)f(lev)o(els,)h(drop)g(all)e(program{set)h -(requests,)j(and)262 1332 y(dismiss)c(all)f(in)o(terrupts)j(that)f(are)h -(curren)o(tly)f(b)q(eing)g(held.)150 1417 y(24)70 b(Request)14 -b(in)o(terrupts)h(on)e(lev)o(els)h(selected)h(b)o(y)f(1s)f(in)g(bits)h -(29{35,)e(and)h(force)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(to)f(recognize)262 -1467 y(them)g(ev)o(en)g(on)g(lev)o(els)h(that)f(are)h(o\013.)k(The)c(request) -g(remains)f(inde\014nitely)m(,)f(so)h(as)h(so)q(on)f(as)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt) -262 1517 y(is)e(completed)g(on)g(a)g(giv)o(en)g(lev)o(el)g(another)g(is)h -(started,)g(un)o(til)e(the)i(request)h(is)e(turned)h(o\013)g(b)o(y)f(a)g -Fx(WRPI)f FD(that)262 1567 y(selects)16 b(the)e(same)f(c)o(hannel)h(and)g -(has)g(a)g(1)f(in)h(bit)f(22.)262 1634 y(When)i(this)g(bit)f(forces)i -(recognition)e(of)h(a)f(request)i(on)f(the)g(highest)g(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o -(el,)h(at)f(most)g(one)h(addi-)262 1684 y(tional)e(program)f(instruction)i -(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j(p)q(erformed)e(b)q(efore)i(the)f(in)o(terrupt.)150 -1770 y(25)70 b(T)m(urn)18 b(on)g(the)g(lev)o(els)h(selected)h(b)o(y)d(1s)h -(in)g(bits)g(29{35)f(so)h(in)o(terrupt)h(requests)h(can)e(b)q(e)h(recognized) -g(on)262 1820 y(them.)150 1905 y(26)70 b(T)m(urn)16 b(o\013)h(the)g(lev)o -(els)g(b)o(y)f(1s)g(in)h(bits)f(29{35,)g(so)g(in)o(terrupt)h(requests)i -(cannot)e(b)q(e)g(recognized)g(on)g(them)262 1955 y(unless)e(made)d(b)o(y)i -(a)g Fx(WRPI)f FD(with)g(a)h(1)f(in)h(bit)f(24.)150 2040 y(27)70 -b(T)m(urn)14 b(o\013)g(the)g(in)o(terrupt)h(system)e(so)h(no)g(requests)i -(can)e(b)q(e)h(accepted.)150 2126 y(28)70 b(T)m(urn)14 b(on)f(the)i(in)o -(terrupt)g(system)e(so)h(the)h(hardw)o(are)f(can)g(pro)q(cess)i(requests.)p -150 2393 1495 4 v 150 2318 V 148 2391 4 75 v 1643 2391 V 688 -2391 V 729 2391 V 896 2391 V 162 2423 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2368 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 2285 -y Fk(RDPI)206 b(Read)19 b(Prio)n(rit)n(y)h(Interrupt)f(Status)368 -2367 y FD(70064)150 2518 y(Read)14 b(the)g(status)h(of)e(the)i(priorit)o(y)e -(in)o(terrupt)h(in)o(to)g(lo)q(cation)f Fu(E)i FD(as)f(sho)o(wn.)p -eop -%%Page: 410 70 -410 69 bop 0 50 a FD(410)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)p 0 345 1503 2 v 0 196 V -1 345 2 150 v 1502 -345 V 456 345 V 469 223 a Fp(Program)d(Requests)534 262 y(on)g(Lev)o(els)468 -319 y FC(1)p 497 345 2 75 v 22 w(2)p 539 345 V 23 w(3)p 580 -345 V 22 w(4)p 622 345 V 23 w(5)p 663 345 V 22 w(6)p 705 345 -V 23 w(7)p 746 345 2 150 v 788 345 V 829 345 V 871 345 V 889 -223 a Fp(In)o(terrupt)g(Holding)949 262 y(on)g(Lev)o(els)883 -319 y FC(1)p 912 345 2 75 v 22 w(2)p 954 345 V 23 w(3)p 995 -345 V 22 w(4)p 1037 345 V 23 w(5)p 1078 345 V 22 w(6)p 1120 -345 V 23 w(7)p 1161 345 2 150 v 1170 264 a Fp(PI)1165 296 y(On)p -1211 345 V 1285 243 a(Lev)o(els)h(On)1223 319 y FC(1)p 1253 -345 2 75 v 23 w(2)p 1294 345 V 22 w(3)p 1336 345 V 23 w(4)p -1377 345 V 22 w(5)p 1419 345 V 23 w(6)p 1460 345 V 22 w(7)12 -375 y Fp(0)432 b(11)7 b(12)h(13)f(14)h(15)f(16)h(17)f(18)h(19)f(20)h(21)f(22) -h(23)f(24)h(25)f(26)h(27)k(28)f(29)d(30)f(31)h(32)f(33)h(34)f(35)0 -513 y FD(Lev)o(els)20 b(that)h(are)f(on)g(are)g(indicated)g(b)o(y)g(1s)g(in)g -(bits)g(29{35;)h(1s)f(in)g(bits)g(21{27)e(indicate)i(lev)o(els)g(on)g(whic)o -(h)0 563 y(in)o(terrupts)15 b(are)g(curren)o(tly)g(b)q(eing)f(held;)g(and)g -(1s)g(in)g(bits)g(11{17)f(indicate)h(lev)o(els)g(that)g(are)h(receiving)f(in) -o(terrupt)0 613 y(requests)j(generated)g(b)o(y)e(a)g Fx(WRPI)g -FD(with)g(a)g(1)g(in)g(bit)g(24.)21 b(A)16 b(1)f(in)g(bit)g(28)g(means)f(the) -i(in)o(terrupt)g(system)f(is)h(on,)0 663 y(and)e(1s)g(in)f(bits)h(29{35)f -(therefore)i(indicate)f(activ)o(e)g(lev)o(els.)0 748 y FA(Dismissin)o(g)g(an) -i(In)o(terrupt.)i FD(The)d(pro)q(cessor)h(holds)f(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(un)o -(til)f(the)h(program)e(dismisses)h(it,)g(ev)o(en)0 798 y(if)g(the)i(in)o -(terrupt)g(routine)f(is)h(itself)e(in)o(terrupted)j(b)o(y)e(a)g(higher)g -(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el.)22 b(Th)o(us)15 b(in)o(terrupts)i(can)e(b)q(e)h -(held)0 848 y(on)d(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(lev)o(els)g(sim)o(ultaneously)m -(,)d(but)j(from)f(the)h(time)f(an)h(in)o(terrupt)h(is)f(started)h(un)o(til)e -(it)h(is)g(dismissed,)0 898 y(no)h(in)o(terrupt)g(request)i(can)e(b)q(e)g -(accepted)i(on)e(that)g(lev)o(el)f(or)h(an)o(y)f(of)h(lo)o(w)o(er)f(priorit)o -(y)m(.)0 983 y(A)d(routine)g(dismisses)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(b)o(y)g(using)f -(an)g(instruction)h(that)g(restores)i(the)e(lev)o(el)f(on)g(whic)o(h)h(the)g -(in)o(terrupt)0 1033 y(is)h(b)q(eing)g(held)h(at)f(the)g(same)g(time)f(it)g -(returns)j(to)e(the)h(in)o(terrupted)h(program.)i(The)d(prop)q(er)g -(instruction)f(is)h Fx(XJEN)0 1083 y FD(\()p Fx(JRST)k(7,)p -FD(\))g(or)h Fx(JEN)f FD(\()p Fx(JRST)g(12,)p FD(\).)24 b(Once)17 -b(the)g(lev)o(el)f(is)g(restored,)i(the)f(hardw)o(are)g(can)f(again)f(accept) -j(requests)0 1133 y(and)c(start)h(in)o(terrupts)h(on)e(it)g(and)h(lo)o(w)o -(er)f(priorit)o(y)g(lev)o(els.)19 b(These)d(instructions)f(also)f(restore)i -(the)f(\015ags:)20 b Fx(XJEN)0 1182 y FD(from)13 b(the)j(\015ag{PC)f(doublew) -o(ord)g(if)f(the)i(routine)f(w)o(as)g(called)g(b)o(y)g(an)g -Fx(XPCW)p FD(;)f Fx(JEN)h FD(from)e(the)j(left)f(half)f(of)g(the)0 -1232 y(PC)g(w)o(ord)g(if)f(the)h(routine)g(w)o(as)g(called)g(b)o(y)g(a)f -Fx(JSR)p FD(.)765 1350 y Fz(CA)n(UTION)104 1441 y FD(An)h(in)o(terrupt)h -(routine)f(m)o(ust)f(dismiss)g(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f(when)h(it)f(returns)h(to) -f(the)h(in)o(terrupted)g(pro-)104 1491 y(gram,)d(or)j(its)f(lev)o(el)g(and)h -(all)e(lev)o(els)h(of)g(lo)o(w)o(er)g(priorit)o(y)g(will)f(b)q(e)i(disabled,) -f(and)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(will)104 1541 y(treat)d(the)h(new)f(program)e -(as)i(a)g(con)o(tin)o(uation)f(of)g(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f(routine.)0 -1695 y FA(Timing.)25 b FD(The)17 b(maxim)o(um)12 b(time)j(a)i(device)g(ma)o -(y)e(w)o(ait)h(for)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i(to)e(start)i(dep)q(ends)g(on)e(ho)o -(w)h(man)o(y)0 1745 y(activ)o(e)e(devices)g(are)g(of)f(higher)h(priorit)o(y)f -(and)g(ho)o(w)h(long)e(their)i(service)h(routines)g(are.)k(When)15 -b(a)f(giv)o(en)g(request)0 1795 y(is)g(of)f(highest)h(priorit)o(y)m(,)e(its)i -(device)h(need)g(nev)o(er)g(w)o(ait)e(longer)g(than)h(40)p -Fu(\026)p FD(s.)0 1880 y FA(Sp)q(ecial)20 b(Consideration)o(s.)31 -b FD(When)19 b(an)g(in)o(terrupt)g(o)q(ccurs,)i(PC)e(p)q(oin)o(ts)g(to)g(the) -g(in)o(terrupted)i(instruction)0 1930 y(\(or)c(to)f(an)g Fx(X)o(CT)g -FD(that)h(executed)h(it\),)f(unless)g(the)g(in)o(terrupt)h(o)q(ccurred)g(in)e -(an)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)h(trap)f(instruction,)h(in)0 1980 -y(whic)o(h)h(case)g(PC)g(p)q(oin)o(ts)g(to)g(the)g(instruction)g(that)g(o)o -(v)o(er\015o)o(w)o(ed.)30 b(After)18 b(taking)f(care)i(of)e(the)h(in)o -(terrupt,)h(the)0 2030 y(pro)q(cessor)c(can)e(alw)o(a)o(ys)f(return)i(to)f -(the)g(in)o(terrupted)h(instruction.)k(Either)c(a\))f(the)g(instruction)g -(did)g(not)g(c)o(hange)0 2080 y(an)o(ything;)g(b\))h(the)g(in)o(terrupt)h(w)o -(as)f(in)g(the)g(second)i(part)e(of)f(a)h(t)o(w)o(o{part)f(instruction,)h -(where)h(First)g(P)o(art)f(Done)0 2129 y(b)q(eing)f(set)h(prev)o(en)o(ts)h -(the)f(pro)q(cessor)h(from)d(rep)q(eating)i(an)o(y)e(un)o(w)o(an)o(ted)i(op)q -(erations)f(in)g(the)h(\014rst)g(part;)f(or)h(c\))f(the)0 2179 -y(in)o(terrupt)h(o)q(ccurred)i(at)d(some)g(p)q(oin)o(t)g(in)h(a)f(m)o -(ultipart)f(instruction)i(where)g(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)e(rigged)g(the)i(v)n -(arious)0 2229 y(p)q(oin)o(ters)j(and)g(other)g(quan)o(tities)g(so)g(the)g -(pro)q(cessor)h(actually)e(restarts)j(the)e(instruction)g(where)h(it)e(stopp) -q(ed,)0 2279 y(rather)e(than)f(from)e(the)j(b)q(eginning.)j(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o -(er,)c(in)f(a)h Fx(BL)m(T)g FD(and)g(in)f(b)o(yte)i(manipulation,)10 -b(the)15 b(v)o(ery)f(mec)o(hanism)0 2329 y(that)g(facilitates)f(the)i(return) -g(results)g(in)e(sp)q(ecial)h(prop)q(erties)i(of)d(whic)o(h)h(the)g -(programmer)e(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)h(a)o(w)o(are.)0 2414 y(An)i(in)o(terrupt)h -(can)f(start)g(follo)o(wing)d(an)o(y)i(transfer)i(in)f(a)f -Fx(BL)m(T)p FD(.)g(When)h(one)g(do)q(es,)h(the)f Fx(BL)m(T)g -FD(puts)g(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)0 2464 y(\(whic)o(h)11 b(has)f(coun)o(ted)i -(o\013)e(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)d(of)i(transfers)g(already)g(made\))e(bac)o(k) -i(in)f(A)o(C.)g(Then)h(when)g(the)h(instruction)0 2514 y(is)18 -b(restarted)h(follo)o(wing)c(the)k(in)o(terrupt,)g(it)e(actually)g(starts)i -(with)e(the)i(next)f(transfer.)30 b(This)18 b(means)f(that)h(if)0 -2564 y(in)o(terrupts)i(are)f(in)g(use,)h(the)f(programmer)e(cannot)i(use)h -(the)f(accum)o(ulator)e(that)i(holds)g(the)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(as)g(an)0 -2613 y(index)c(register)h(in)f(the)g(same)g Fx(BL)m(T)p FD(,)f(he)h(cannot)h -(ha)o(v)o(e)f(the)g Fx(BL)m(T)g FD(load)f(A)o(C)h(except)i(b)o(y)d(the)i -(\014nal)e(transfer,)i(and)p eop -%%Page: 411 71 -411 70 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(411)150 195 y(he)14 b(cannot)g(exp)q(ect)i(A)o(C)e(to)f(b)q(e)i(the)f -(same)f(after)i(the)f(instruction)g(as)g(it)g(w)o(as)f(b)q(efore.)150 -281 y(An)f(in)o(terrupt)g(can)g(also)f(start)h(in)f(the)h(second)h -(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(address)g(calculation)e(in)g(a)g(t)o(w)o(o{part)g(b)o(yte)h -(instruction.)150 330 y(When)k(this)h(happ)q(ens,)g(First)g(P)o(art)f(Done)g -(is)g(set.)26 b(This)17 b(\015ag)e(is)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)h(as)f(bit)g(4)g(of)g(a)g -(\015ag)f(w)o(ord,)i(and)f(if)f(it)h(is)150 380 y(restored)i(b)o(y)e(the)h -(in)o(terrupt)g(routine)g(when)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(is)g(dismissed,)e(it)h -(prev)o(en)o(ts)i(a)e(restarted)i Fx(ILDB)e FD(or)150 430 y -Fx(IDPB)g FD(from)g(incremen)o(ting)h(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(a)f(second)h -(time.)28 b(This)17 b(means)g(that)h(the)g(in)o(terrupt)g(routine)g(m)o(ust) -150 480 y(c)o(hec)o(k)d(the)g(\015ag)f(b)q(efore)i(using)e(the)h(same)e(p)q -(oin)o(ter,)i(as)f(it)g(no)o(w)g(p)q(oin)o(ts)h(to)f(the)h(next)g(b)o(yte.)20 -b(Giving)13 b(an)h Fx(ILDB)g FD(or)150 530 y Fx(IDPB)f FD(w)o(ould)h(skip)g -(a)g(b)o(yte.)21 b(And)14 b(if)g(the)h(routine)g(restored)h(the)f(\015ag,)f -(the)h(in)o(terrupted)h Fx(ILDB)e FD(or)h Fx(IDPB)e FD(w)o(ould)150 -580 y(pro)q(cess)j(the)e(same)f(b)o(yte)h(the)h(routine)f(did.)150 -665 y FA(Programming)h(Suggestions)o(.)21 b FD(The)16 b(Monitor)f(handles)h -(all)e(in)o(terrupts)j(for)e(user)i(programs.)22 b(Ev)o(en)16 -b(if)e(the)150 715 y(User)19 b(In{out)e(\015ag)h(is)f(set,)j(a)d(user)i -(generally)f(cannot)g(reference)i(the)e(in)o(terrupt)h(lo)q(cations)e(to)h -(set)g(them)f(up.)150 765 y(Pro)q(cedures)e(for)e(informing)d(the)k(Monitor)e -(of)h(the)g(in)o(terrupt)h(requiremen)o(ts)f(of)g(a)f(user)i(program)e(are)h -(discussed)150 815 y(in)g(the)i(Monitor)e(man)o(ual.)150 900 -y(F)m(or)g(those)i(who)f(do)f(program)g(priorit)o(y)g(in)o(terrupt)h -(routines,)g(there)i(are)e(sev)o(eral)g(rules)h(to)f(remem)o(b)q(er.)212 -1027 y FB(\017)21 b FD(No)9 b(request)i(can)f(b)q(e)g(accepted,)i(not)d(ev)o -(en)i(on)e(higher)h(priorit)o(y)e(lev)o(els,)i(while)f(a)h(request)h(is)e(b)q -(eing)h(pro)q(cessed)254 1077 y(or)20 b(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i(is)f(starting.)36 -b(Therefore)21 b(do)f(not)f(use)i(length)o(y)f(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(address)g -(calculations)e(in)254 1127 y(in)o(terrupt)14 b(instructions.)212 -1210 y FB(\017)21 b FD(T)m(o)12 b(prev)o(en)o(t)i(a)f(device)h(from)d -(hanging)h(up)i(a)e(lev)o(el,)h(the)h(programmer)c(m)o(ust)i(b)q(e)i(a)o(w)o -(are)f(of)g(|)f(and)h(satisfy)254 1260 y(|)g(whatev)o(er)i(requiremen)o(ts)f -(the)h(device)f(has)g(for)g(dropping)f(the)i(request.)212 1343 -y FB(\017)21 b FD(The)14 b(in)o(terrupt)h(instruction)f(that)g(calls)f(the)i -(routine)f(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(an)g Fx(XPCW)f FD(or)h(a)f Fx(JSR)p -FD(.)212 1426 y FB(\017)21 b FD(The)g(principal)f(function)g(of)h(an)f(in)o -(terrupt)i(routine)f(is)f(to)h(resp)q(ond)h(to)f(the)g(situation)f(that)h -(caused)254 1475 y(the)d(in)o(terrupt.)28 b(Computations)15 -b(and)i(an)o(y)g(other)h(time{consuming)c(activities)j(that)g(can)g(p)q -(ossibly)g(b)q(e)254 1525 y(p)q(erformed)c(outside)i(the)f(routine)g(should)g -(not)g(b)q(e)g(included)g(within)f(it.)212 1608 y FB(\017)21 -b FD(Nev)o(er)d(turn)h(o\013)e(the)h(in)o(terrupt)h(system)e(in)g(a)h -(routine)g(unless)g(it)f(is)h(absolutely)f(necessary)m(,)j(and)d(then)254 -1658 y(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(turn)i(it)f(bac)o(k)g(on)g(again)f(as)i(so)q(on)f(as)g -(p)q(ossible.)26 b(If)16 b(one)g(or)h(more)e(lev)o(els)h(can)h(b)q(e)g -(turned)g(o\013)f(in)254 1708 y(place)e(of)f(the)i(en)o(tire)f(system,)f(alw) -o(a)o(ys)g(do)h(that)g(instead.)212 1791 y FB(\017)21 b FD(If)13 -b(the)h(routine)f(uses)i(a)e(UUO)h(it)f(m)o(ust)f(\014rst)i(sa)o(v)o(e)g(the) -f(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(of)e(the)h(lo)q(cations)e(that)i(will)e(b)q(e)i(c)o -(hanged)254 1841 y(b)o(y)f(it)h(in)f(case)i(the)f(in)o(terrupted)h(program)d -(w)o(as)i(in)f(the)h(pro)q(cess)i(of)d(handling)f(a)i(UUO)g(of)f(the)i(same)d -(t)o(yp)q(e)254 1891 y(\()p FB(x)p FD(2.16\).)212 1974 y FB(\017)21 -b FD(The)16 b(routine)f(m)o(ust)g(dismiss)f(the)i(in)o(terrupt)g(\(with)g(an) -f Fx(XJEN)g FD(or)g Fx(JEN)p FD(\))h(when)f(returning)h(to)g(the)g(in)o(ter-) -254 2023 y(rupted)f(program.)h(Flags)d(and)h(UUO)h(lo)q(cations)e(should)h(b) -q(e)g(restored.)150 2175 y Fz(4.2.2)55 b(Cac)n(he)150 2373 -y FD(F)m(or)11 b(the)g(user,)h(the)g(cac)o(he)g(is)f(transparen)o(t:)18 -b(an)o(y)10 b(program)f(simply)g(gets)j(information)c(from)h(memory)g(and)i -(stores)150 2423 y(information)f(in)i(memory)m(.)i(But)f(use)h(of)e(a)g(cac)o -(he)h(as)g(part)f(of)g(the)h(memory)e(subsystem)h(reduces)j(program)c(time,) -150 2473 y(since)18 b(the)g(cac)o(he)g(is)f(faster)g(than)h(the)f(storage)h -(mo)q(dules,)e(and)h(also)g(reduces)i(storage)e(use)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(program,) -150 2523 y(making)11 b(a)i(larger)g(p)q(ercen)o(tage)j(of)c(total)h(storage)h -(cycles)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(to)h(other)h(parts)g(of)e(the)i(system.)k(The)c -(cac)o(he)150 2573 y(is)h(essen)o(tially)h(512)e(registers)j(that)f -(duplicate)f(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(frequen)o(tly)h(referenced)i -(storage)d(lo)q(cations)g(in)p eop -%%Page: 412 72 -412 71 bop 0 50 a FD(412)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(the)h(virtual)e(address)j(space.)21 -b(its)14 b(only)g(use)h(is)f(for)g(reading)g(information)e(from)g(it)i -(instead)h(of)f(taking)f(the)i(time)0 245 y(to)f(go)f(to)h(storage,)g(but)g -(this)g(can)g(result)g(in)g(a)g(considerable)g(sa)o(ving)f(for)h(the)g -(program.)0 330 y(Eac)o(h)19 b(register)g(in)f(the)h(cac)o(he)g(corresp)q -(onds)h(to)e(a)g(unique)g(p)q(osition)g(within)f(a)h(page.)31 -b(Asso)q(ciated)19 b(with)f(the)0 380 y(cac)o(he)j(is)f(a)g(directory)h(that) -g(lab)q(els)f(eac)o(h)h(register)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(virtual)f(page)g(con)o -(taining)f(the)i(w)o(ord)f(that)g(the)0 430 y(register)h(duplicates.)35 -b(A)19 b(directory)i(en)o(try)f(also)e(has)i(a)f(parit)o(y)g(bit)g(and)h -(other)g(bits)f(that)h(iden)o(tify)e(certain)0 480 y(c)o(haracteristics)g(of) -f(the)g(reference)i(that)e(caused)g(the)h(w)o(ord)e(to)h(b)q(e)g(written)g -(in)f(the)i(cac)o(he.)27 b(A)17 b(cac)o(he)g(hit)g(can)0 530 -y(o)q(ccur)f(only)e(when)h(the)h(circumstances)g(of)e(a)g(read)i(reference)h -(for)e(a)f(particular)h(lo)q(cation)f(matc)o(h)f(those)j(of)e(the)0 -580 y(last)h(time)g(the)h(lo)q(cation)f(w)o(as)h(written.)24 -b(These)17 b(requiremen)o(ts)f(are)g(a)f(virtual)g(reference)1432 -564 y Fp(50)1485 580 y FD(to)h(the)g(same)f(page)0 629 y(in)i(the)g(same)f -(address)j(space)f(\(user)g(or)f(executiv)o(e\).)29 b(Giv)o(en)16 -b(a)h(matc)o(h,)f(it)h(is)g(also)f(required)i(that)f(paging)f(b)q(e)0 -679 y(enabled)f(b)o(y)f(the)h(Monitor,)f(that)g(the)h(page)f(map)f(indicate)i -(the)g(individual)d(page)i(is)h(cac)o(heable,)g(and)f(that)g(the)0 -729 y(directory)f(en)o(try)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(correct)i(parit)o(y)m(.)j(Moreo)o -(v)o(er)12 b(the)h(cac)o(he)h(can)e(b)q(e)h(disabled)f(altogether)h(from)d -(the)j(console,)0 779 y(and)h(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(can)g(inhibit)f(its)g -(use)i(in)f(individual)d(references.)0 864 y(There)17 b(is)e(no)h(real)f -(programming)d(for)k(the)g(cac)o(he)g(except)i(that)d(the)h(Monitor)g(m)o -(ust)e(decide,)j(and)e(so)h(indicate)0 914 y(in)d(the)g(page)g(map,)e(whic)o -(h)i(pages)h(are)f(cac)o(heable)h(and)f(whic)o(h)g(are)g(not.)18 -b(Ob)o(viously)12 b(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)i(cac)o(he)0 -964 y(m)o(ust)d(b)q(e)h(in)o(v)n(alidated)e(whenev)o(er)j(there)g(is)e(an)o -(y)h(signi\014can)o(t)f(c)o(hange)h(in)f(the)h(virtual)f(address)i(en)o -(vironmen)o(t,)e(but)0 1014 y(the)j(micro)q(co)q(de)g(handles)g(this)g -(automatically)l(.)h(A)f(sw)o(eep)h(of)f(the)g(en)o(tire)h(cac)o(he)g(tak)o -(es)f(ab)q(out)g(80)p Fu(\026)p FD(s.)0 1163 y Fz(4.2.3)55 -b(TOPS{10)19 b(P)n(aging)h(and)f(Pro)r(cess)f(T)-5 b(ables)0 -1275 y FD(General)18 b(information)e(ab)q(out)i(the)h(mac)o(hine)e(mo)q(des)g -(and)h(paging)f(pro)q(cedures)k(is)d(giv)o(en)g(in)g FB(x)p -FD(1.4.)30 b(Here)20 b(w)o(e)0 1325 y(treat)d(in)f(detail)g(the)g(structure)j -(of)c(the)i(pro)q(cess)h(tables)f(and)f(certain)h(hardw)o(are)g(pro)q -(cedures)h(|)e(paging)f(and)0 1375 y(page)f(failures)f(|)h(a)f(kno)o(wledge)h -(of)f(whic)o(h)h(is)g(necessary)i(for)e(an)f(understanding)i(of)e(executiv)o -(e)i(programming)o(.)0 1425 y(This)j(subsection)i(co)o(v)o(ers)f(these)h -(topics)e(relativ)o(e)g(to)h(a)f(mac)o(hine)f(that)h(uses)i(the)f(TOPS{10)f -(Monitor.)31 b(The)0 1475 y(next)18 b(subsection)i(presen)o(ts)f(equiv)n -(alen)o(t)f(information)d(for)i(the)i(TOPS{20)e(Monitor.)30 -b(Instructions)19 b(through)0 1525 y(whic)o(h)d(the)g(Monitor)g(con)o(trols)g -(the)g(pager)g(and)g(otherwise)h(exercises)h(o)o(v)o(erall)d(managem)o(en)o -(t)f(of)h(the)i(program)0 1574 y(en)o(vironmen)o(t)f(are)i(the)g(same)f -(whether)h(the)g(system)g(uses)g(TOPS{10)f(or)h(TOPS{20,)f(and)g(are)h -(describ)q(ed)h(in)0 1624 y FB(x)p FD(4.2.5.)0 1710 y(With)c(paging)f(turned) -j(on,)e(the)h(program)e(considers)j(all)d(of)h(its)h(dealings)f(with)g -(memory)e(to)i(b)q(e)h(in)f(its)h(virtual)0 1760 y(address)c(space,)g(and)f -(in)o(terrupt)g(instructions)h(reference)h(executiv)o(e)f(virtual)e(address)i -(space.)18 b(A)11 b(virtual)f(address)0 1809 y(is)16 b(an)o(y)g(address)i -(giv)o(en)d(in)h(virtual)g(space)h(except)h(those)f(for)f(fast)g(memory)m(,)d -(whic)o(h)j(are)h(treated)h(as)e(ph)o(ysical.)0 1859 y(The)j(pager)h(maps)d -(only)h(virtual)g(addresses,)k(but)d(it)g(is)g(in)o(v)o(olv)o(ed)e(in)i(all)e -(references)22 b(to)d(the)g(exten)o(t)h(that)f(it)0 1909 y(resp)q(onds)d(to)e -(error)h(situations.)k(Ph)o(ysical)14 b(references)j(include)d(those)h(made)e -(b)o(y)h(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)f(to)g(carry)h(out)0 1959 y(the)f(mapping)e -(pro)q(cedure,)j(retriev)o(e)h(in)o(terrupt)e(instructions,)g(and)g(handle)g -(traps,)g(halts)g(and)f(UUOs.)0 2098 y Fz(P)n(aging)0 2184 -y FD(All)d(of)g(memory)e(b)q(oth)j(virtual)e(and)i(ph)o(ysical)f(is)g -(divided)h(in)o(to)f(pages)g(of)g(512)g(w)o(ords)h(eac)o(h.)18 -b(The)11 b(virtual)e(memory)0 2233 y(space)k(addressable)g(b)o(y)f(a)f -(program)f(is)i(512)f(pages;)i(the)f(lo)q(cations)g(in)f(virtual)g(memory)f -(are)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f(18{bit)0 2283 y(addresses,)17 -b(where)e(the)h(left)e(nine)h(bits)g(\(18{26\))e(sp)q(ecify)j(the)f(page)g(n) -o(um)o(b)q(er)f(and)g(the)i(righ)o(t)e(nine)h(\(27{35\))e(the)0 -2333 y(lo)q(cation)i(within)g(the)h(page.)23 b(Ph)o(ysical)15 -b(memory)f(can)i(con)o(tain)f(1024)f(pages)i(and)g(requires)h(19{bit)d -(addresses,)0 2383 y(where)k(the)f(left)f(ten)h(bits)g(\(17{26\))e(sp)q -(ecify)i(the)g(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)25 b(The)17 b(hardw)o(are)g(maps)e -(the)i(virtual)f(address)0 2433 y(space)j(in)o(to)e(a)h(part)g(of)f(the)i(ph) -o(ysical)e(address)i(space)g(b)o(y)f(transforming)e(the)j(18{bit)e(addresses) -j(in)o(to)d(19{bit)0 2482 y(addresses.)179 2467 y Fp(51)247 -2482 y FD(In)i(this)f(mapping)e(the)j(righ)o(t)f(nine)g(bits)h(of)e(the)i -(virtual)e(address)j(are)f(not)f(altered;)j(in)c(other)p 0 -2511 720 2 v 31 2538 a Fo(50)64 2550 y Fn(The)d(cac)o(he)f(is)h(also)g -(written)f(on)h(a)g(ph)o(ysical)f(reference,)f(but)i(the)f(w)o(ord)h(cannot)f -(later)g(b)q(e)h(used)g(as)g(the)f(directory)f(en)o(try)h(is)0 -2589 y(in)o(v)n(alid)d(\(i.e.,)g(not)h(virtual\).)31 2617 y -Fo(51)64 2629 y Fn(F)m(or)c(paging)g(purp)q(oses)f(page)h(0)h(has)g(only)f -(496)g(lo)q(cations)f(using)h(addresses)f(20{777,)h(as)h(addresses)e(0{17)h -(reference)f(fast)i(memory)m(,)p eop -%%Page: 413 73 -413 72 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(413)150 195 y(w)o(ords,)17 b(a)e(giv)o(en)h(lo)q(cation)f(in)h(a)g -(virtual)f(page)i(is)f(the)g(same)g(lo)q(cation)f(in)h(the)h(corresp)q -(onding)g(ph)o(ysical)e(page.)150 245 y(The)f(transformation)d(maps)h(a)h -(virtual)f(page)h(in)o(to)f(a)h(ph)o(ysical)g(page)g(b)o(y)g(substituting)g -(a)g(10{bit)f(ph)o(ysical)h(page)150 295 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(for)h(the)g -(9{bit)f(virtual)g(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)j(The)e(mapping)c(pro)q(cedure)16 -b(is)e(carried)h(out)e(automatically)e(b)o(y)150 345 y(the)18 -b(pager,)g(but)f(the)h(page)f(map)f(that)h(supplies)h(the)f(necessary)j -(substitutions)d(is)h(set)g(up)f(b)o(y)g(the)h(executiv)o(e)150 -394 y(program.)h(Eac)o(h)c(w)o(ord)f(in)h(the)g(map)e(pro)o(vides)i -(information)d(for)i(mapping)f(t)o(w)o(o)h(consecutiv)o(e)i(pages)f(with)f -(the)150 444 y(substitution)g(for)g(the)g(ev)o(en)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)e(page) -h(in)g(the)g(left)g(half,)e(the)j(o)q(dd)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)f(page)h(in)f -(the)i(righ)o(t)e(half.)150 530 y(Tw)o(o)i(lo)q(cations)g(in)g(the)h -(register)h(\014le)e(are)h(used)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(Monitor)f(to)g(sp)q(ecify)h -(the)g(ph)o(ysical)f(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(of)150 580 y(the)f(user)g(and) -f(executiv)o(e)h(pro)q(cess)h(tables.)j(T)m(o)14 b(retriev)o(e)h(a)f(map)f(w) -o(ord)h(from)e(a)i(pro)q(cess)i(table,)e(the)g(pager)h(uses)150 -629 y(the)g(appropriate)g(base)g(page)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(as)g(the)h(left)f -(ten)i(bits)e(of)g(the)h(ph)o(ysical)f(address)i(and)e(some)f(function)i(of) -150 679 y(the)i(virtual)f(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(as)h(the)g(righ)o(t)g -(nine)f(bits.)27 b(F)m(or)16 b(example,)g(the)i(en)o(tire)f(user)h(space)g -(of)e(512)g(virtual)150 729 y(pages)g(at)f(t)o(w)o(o)g(mappings)f(p)q(er)i(w) -o(ord)g(requires)g(a)f(page)h(map)e(of)h(just)g(half)g(a)g(page,)g(and)h -(this)f(is)h(the)g(\014rst)g(half)150 779 y(page)d(in)f(the)h(user)h(pro)q -(cess)h(table.)i(Th)o(us)d(lo)q(cations)e(0{377)f(in)i(the)g(table)g(hold)f -(the)h(mappings)e(for)i(pages)g(0)f(and)150 829 y(1)g(to)f(776)h(and)f(777.) -17 b(T)m(o)11 b(\014nd)h(the)h(desired)g(substitution)f(from)e(the)j(9{bit)e -(virtual)g(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(the)i(hardw)o(are)150 -878 y(uses)i(the)g(left)e(eigh)o(t)h(bits)g(to)f(address)i(the)g(lo)q(cation) -e(and)h(the)g(righ)o(t)f(bit)h(to)g(select)h(the)f(half)f(w)o(ord)h(\(0)g -(for)f(left,)g(1)150 928 y(for)h(righ)o(t\).)150 1014 y(The)j(executiv)o(e)i -(virtual)d(address)i(space)g(is)f(also)f(256K,)g(but)i(the)f(page)g(map)f -(for)g(it)h(is)g(in)f(three)j(parts.)28 b(The)150 1064 y(map)13 -b(for)i(the)g(\014rst)h(112K)f(\(pages)g(0{337\))f(is)h(in)f(executiv)o(e)i -(pro)q(cess)h(table)e(lo)q(cations)f(600{757.)20 b(The)15 b(map)e(for)150 -1113 y(the)g(second)h(half)d(of)h(the)h(virtual)e(address)j(space)g(uses)f -(the)g(same)f(lo)q(cations)g(in)g(the)h(executiv)o(e)g(pro)q(cess)i(table)d -(as)150 1163 y(are)h(used)h(in)e(the)i(user)g(pro)q(cess)g(table)f(for)g(the) -g(user)h(map)d(\(lo)q(cations)i(200{377)e(for)h(pages)h(400{777\).)j(The)e -(map)150 1213 y(for)h(the)g(remaining)e(16K)i(in)g(the)h(\014rst)f(half)g(of) -f(the)i(executiv)o(e)g(virtual)e(address)j(space)f(is)f(in)f(the)i(user)g -(pro)q(cess)150 1263 y(table,)i(the)h(mappings)d(for)h(pages)h(340{377)e(b)q -(eing)i(in)g(lo)q(cations)f(400{417.)28 b(This)18 b(means)f(the)h(Monitor)g -(can)150 1313 y(assign)c(a)g(di\013eren)o(t)i(set)f(of)f(thirt)o(y{t)o(w)o(o) -g(ph)o(ysical)f(pages)i(\(the)g(p)q(er{pro)q(cess)i(area\))e(for)f(its)h(o)o -(wn)f(use)h(relativ)o(e)f(to)150 1362 y(eac)o(h)h(user.)20 -b(Hence)c(when)f(switc)o(hing)f(from)e(one)j(user)g(to)f(another,)h(the)g -(Monitor)f(need)h(c)o(hange)f(only)g(the)h(user)150 1412 y(pro)q(cess)g -(table,)e(this)g(single)g(substitution)g(making)e(whatev)o(er)i(c)o(hange)h -(is)f(necessary)i(in)e(the)g(executiv)o(e)i(address)150 1462 -y(space)g(for)e(a)h(particular)g(user.)150 1548 y(Figure)j(4.7)f(and)h -(Figure)g(4.8)f(sho)o(w)h(the)h(organization)e(of)g(the)i(virtual)e(address)i -(spaces,)h(the)f(pro)q(cess)h(tables)150 1597 y(and)c(the)h(maps)d(for)i(b)q -(oth)g(user)h(and)f(executiv)o(e.)23 b(The)15 b(\014rst)h(illustration)e(giv) -o(es)h(the)h(corresp)q(ondence)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)150 1647 -y(the)d(v)n(arious)f(parts)h(of)g(the)g(address)h(spaces)g(and)e(the)i -(corresp)q(onding)f(parts)h(of)e(the)h(page)g(maps.)k(The)c(second)150 -1697 y(illustration)10 b(lists)i(the)g(detailed)f(con\014guration)g(of)g(the) -i(pro)q(cess)g(tables)f(as)f(determined)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(hardw)o(are.)18 -b(An)o(y)150 1747 y(table)d(lo)q(cations)g(not)h(used)g(are)g(reserv)o(ed)h -(for)e(future)h(use)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(hardw)o(are)f(or)h(for)f(use)h(b)o(y)f -(the)h(Monitor)f(for)150 1797 y(soft)o(w)o(are)j(functions.)29 -b(Note)18 b(that)f(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(in)h(the)g(half)e(lo)q(cations)h -(in)g(the)h(page)g(map)e(are)i(the)g(virtual)150 1847 y(pages)c(for)g(whic)o -(h)g(the)h(half)e(w)o(ords)h(giv)o(e)g(the)h(ph)o(ysical)e(substitutions.)19 -b(Hence)d(lo)q(cation)d(217)g(in)h(the)h(user)g(page)150 1896 -y(map)d(con)o(tains)i(the)h(ph)o(ysical)e(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(for)h -(virtual)f(pages)h(436)f(and)h(437)150 1982 y(Although)g(the)h(virtual)f -(space)h(is)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(256K)g(b)o(y)g(virtue)h(of)f(the)h(addressing)g -(capabilit)o(y)e(of)h(the)h(instruction)150 2032 y(format,)g(the)j(Monitor)e -(usually)g(limits)e(the)k(actual)e(address)i(space)g(for)e(a)h(giv)o(en)f -(program)f(b)o(y)i(de\014ning)g(only)150 2082 y(certain)f(pages)g(as)f -(accessible.)641 2066 y Fp(52)700 2082 y FD(The)h(Monitor)f(also)f(sp)q -(eci\014es)k(whether)e(eac)o(h)g(page)f(is)h(writable)f(or)g(not)g(and)150 -2131 y(cac)o(heable)h(or)f(not.)21 b(Eac)o(h)15 b(w)o(ord)g(in)f(the)i(page)e -(map)g(has)h(this)g(format)e(to)i(supply)f(the)i(necessary)h(information)150 -2181 y(for)d(t)o(w)o(o)f(virtual)g(pages.)p 150 2216 720 2 -v 150 2254 a Fn(whic)o(h)c(is)g(unrestricted)d(and)i(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(to)j -(all)g(programs.)j(\(In)c(general)f(a)i(user)g(cannot)e(reference)g(the)h -(\014rst)h(sixteen)e(storage)g(mo)q(dule)150 2294 y(lo)q(cations)i(in)i(his)g -(virtual)f(page)g(0.\))15 b(Throughout)9 b(this)i(discussion)e(it)j(is)f -(assumed)f(that)g(all)h(references)e(are)i(to)g(storage.)181 -2322 y Fo(52)214 2333 y Fn(There)i(is)h(no)f(requiremen)o(t)e(that)h(the)i -(accessible)d(space)i(b)q(e)g(con)o(tin)o(uous)e(|)k(it)e(can)g(b)q(e)h -(scattered)d(pages.)21 b(The)14 b(con)o(v)o(en)o(tion)150 2373 -y(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)g(is)h(for)f(the)g(accessible)f(space)h(to)h(b)q(e)f(in)h -(t)o(w)o(o)g(con)o(tin)o(uous)d(virtual)h(areas,)i(lo)o(w)g(and)f(high,)h(b)q -(eginning)d(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)g(at)150 2412 y(lo)q(cations)d(0)i(and)g -(400000.)i(The)f(lo)o(w)f(part)f(is)i(generally)d(unique)g(to)i(a)h(giv)o(en) -e(user)g(and)h(can)f(b)q(e)h(used)f(in)i(an)o(y)e(w)o(a)o(y)h(he)g(wishes.)k -(The)150 2452 y(\(p)q(erhaps)9 b(n)o(ull\))i(high)f(part)g(is)i(a)f(reen)o -(tran)o(t)e(area,)i(whic)o(h)g(is)g(shared)f(b)o(y)h(sev)o(eral)f(users)h -(and)f(is)i(therefore)d(write{protecte)o(d.)p eop -%%Page: 414 74 -414 73 bop 0 50 a FD(414)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)35 181 y Fz(Figure)k(4.7:)24 b(KS10)19 b(TOPS{10)g(Virtual)f -(Address)h(Space)g(and)g(Pro)r(cess)f(T)-5 b(ables)1429 2593 -y Fq(HRMF-KST10V)m(AS)o(.TEX)p -42 2604 291 2 v -42 2603 2 -2159 v -42 445 291 2 v 248 2603 2 2159 v -152 2600 a Fp(777777)57 -1537 y FD(256K)-69 462 y Fp(0)55 289 y FA(User)39 330 y FD(Virtual)31 -371 y(Address)52 412 y(Space)p 457 2126 291 2 v 456 2125 2 -1474 v 457 652 291 2 v 746 2125 2 1474 v 553 542 a FA(User)534 -582 y FD(Pro)q(cess)552 624 y(T)m(able)p 457 1358 291 2 v 561 -1037 a(User)511 1078 y(P)o(age)13 b(Map)515 1125 y(000)h({)f(777)770 -1076 y Fp(256)p 457 1441 V 486 1390 a Fn(Executiv)o(e)c(Map)528 -1430 y(340)i({)g(377)770 1400 y Fp(16)p 457 1524 V 483 1490 -a Fn(T)m(rap)h(&)g(MUUO)770 1491 y Fp(14)p 457 1649 V 770 1595 -a(34)706 1648 y Fl(\000)-84 b(\000)706 1606 y(\000)623 1648 -y(\000)664 1606 y(\000)706 1565 y(\000)581 1648 y(\000)623 -1606 y(\000)664 1565 y(\000)540 1648 y(\000)581 1606 y(\000)623 -1565 y(\000)498 1648 y(\000)540 1606 y(\000)581 1565 y(\000)457 -1648 y(\000)498 1606 y(\000)540 1565 y(\000)457 1606 y(\000)498 -1565 y(\000)h(\000)p 457 1690 V 530 1679 a Fn(P)o(age)11 b(F)m(ail)770 -1680 y Fp(3)770 1917 y(189)706 2125 y Fl(\000)-84 b(\000)706 -2084 y(\000)623 2125 y(\000)664 2084 y(\000)706 2042 y(\000)581 -2125 y(\000)623 2084 y(\000)664 2042 y(\000)706 2001 y(\000)540 -2125 y(\000)581 2084 y(\000)623 2042 y(\000)664 2001 y(\000)706 -1959 y(\000)498 2125 y(\000)540 2084 y(\000)581 2042 y(\000)623 -2001 y(\000)664 1959 y(\000)706 1918 y(\000)457 2125 y(\000)498 -2084 y(\000)540 2042 y(\000)581 2001 y(\000)623 1959 y(\000)664 -1918 y(\000)706 1876 y(\000)457 2084 y(\000)498 2042 y(\000)540 -2001 y(\000)581 1959 y(\000)623 1918 y(\000)664 1876 y(\000)706 -1835 y(\000)457 2042 y(\000)498 2001 y(\000)540 1959 y(\000)581 -1918 y(\000)623 1876 y(\000)664 1835 y(\000)706 1793 y(\000)457 -2001 y(\000)498 1959 y(\000)540 1918 y(\000)581 1876 y(\000)623 -1835 y(\000)664 1793 y(\000)706 1752 y(\000)457 1959 y(\000)498 -1918 y(\000)540 1876 y(\000)581 1835 y(\000)623 1793 y(\000)664 -1752 y(\000)685 1731 y(\000)457 1918 y(\000)498 1876 y(\000)540 -1835 y(\000)581 1793 y(\000)623 1752 y(\000)643 1731 y(\000)457 -1876 y(\000)498 1835 y(\000)540 1793 y(\000)581 1752 y(\000)602 -1731 y(\000)457 1835 y(\000)498 1793 y(\000)540 1752 y(\000)560 -1731 y(\000)457 1793 y(\000)498 1752 y(\000)519 1731 y(\000)457 -1752 y(\000)477 1731 y(\000)249 2603 y(\005)256 2561 y(\005)263 -2519 y(\005)270 2478 y(\005)277 2436 y(\005)284 2395 y(\005)291 -2353 y(\005)297 2312 y(\005)304 2270 y(\005)311 2229 y(\005)318 -2187 y(\005)325 2146 y(\005)332 2104 y(\005)339 2063 y(\005)346 -2021 y(\005)353 1980 y(\005)360 1938 y(\005)367 1897 y(\005)374 -1855 y(\005)381 1814 y(\005)387 1772 y(\005)394 1731 y(\005)401 -1689 y(\005)408 1648 y(\005)415 1606 y(\005)422 1565 y(\005)429 -1523 y(\005)436 1482 y(\005)443 1440 y(\005)450 1399 y(\005)-7 -b(\005)249 485 y(@)291 527 y(@)332 568 y(@)374 610 y(@)415 -652 y(@)747 1357 y(\010)789 1336 y(\010)830 1316 y(\010)872 -1295 y(\010)913 1274 y(\010)747 1440 y(\010)789 1419 y(\010)830 -1399 y(\010)872 1378 y(\010)913 1357 y(\010)419 2341 y Fy(Se)n(ction)16 -b(R)n(efer)n(enc)n(es)419 2390 y FD(T)m(rap)129 b FB(x)q FD(2.9.6)419 -2440 y(MUUO)84 b FB(x)q FD(2.16)419 2490 y(In)o(terrupt)51 -b FB(x)q FD(4.2.1)p 955 2604 V 954 2603 2 2159 v 955 445 291 -2 v 1244 2603 2 2159 v 844 2600 a Fp(777777)927 462 y(0)998 -289 y FA(Executiv)o(e)1035 330 y FD(Virtual)1028 371 y(Address)1048 -412 y(Space)p 1453 2126 291 2 v 1452 2125 2 1474 v 1453 652 -291 2 v 1743 2125 2 1474 v 1496 542 a FA(Executiv)o(e)1530 -583 y FD(Pro)q(cess)1548 624 y(T)m(able)1764 704 y Fn(34)p -1453 735 291 2 v 1702 735 a Fl(\000)-84 b(\000)1702 693 y(\000)1619 -735 y(\000)1660 693 y(\000)1577 735 y(\000)1619 693 y(\000)1536 -735 y(\000)1577 693 y(\000)1494 735 y(\000)1536 693 y(\000)1453 -735 y(\000)1494 693 y(\000)h(\000)1528 765 y Fn(In)o(terrupt)1764 -766 y(14)p 1453 777 V 1764 807 a(17)p 1453 818 V 1702 818 a -Fl(\000)f(\000)h(\000)f(\000)h(\000)f(\000)h(\000)1528 848 -y Fn(In)o(terrupt)1764 849 y(3)p 1453 860 V 1764 953 a(60)p -1453 1026 V 1702 1025 a Fl(\000)f(\000)1702 984 y(\000)1619 -1025 y(\000)1660 984 y(\000)1702 942 y(\000)1577 1025 y(\000)1619 -984 y(\000)1660 942 y(\000)1702 901 y(\000)1536 1025 y(\000)1577 -984 y(\000)1619 942 y(\000)1660 901 y(\000)1494 1025 y(\000)1536 -984 y(\000)1577 942 y(\000)1619 901 y(\000)1453 1025 y(\000)1494 -984 y(\000)1536 942 y(\000)1577 901 y(\000)1453 984 y(\000)1494 -942 y(\000)1536 901 y(\000)1453 942 y(\000)1494 901 y(\000)h(\000)1501 -1205 y FD(400)13 b(|)h(777)1764 1202 y Fn(128)p 1453 1358 V -1245 1336 a Fl(\012)1273 1295 y(\012)1301 1253 y(\012)1328 -1212 y(\012)1356 1170 y(\012)1384 1129 y(\012)1411 1087 y(\012)1425 -1067 y(\012)1245 2603 y(\005)1252 2561 y(\005)1259 2519 y(\005)1266 -2478 y(\005)1273 2436 y(\005)1280 2395 y(\005)1287 2353 y(\005)1294 -2312 y(\005)1301 2270 y(\005)1308 2229 y(\005)1315 2187 y(\005)1321 -2146 y(\005)1328 2104 y(\005)1335 2063 y(\005)1342 2021 y(\005)1349 -1980 y(\005)1356 1938 y(\005)1363 1897 y(\005)1370 1855 y(\005)1377 -1814 y(\005)1384 1772 y(\005)1391 1731 y(\005)1398 1689 y(\005)1404 -1648 y(\005)1411 1606 y(\005)1418 1565 y(\005)1425 1523 y(\005)1432 -1482 y(\005)1439 1440 y(\005)1446 1399 y(\005)-7 b(\005)p 1453 -1420 V 311 w Fn(17)1702 1419 y Fl(\000)-84 b(\000)1681 1399 -y(\000)1619 1419 y(\000)1640 1399 y(\000)1577 1419 y(\000)1598 -1399 y(\000)1536 1419 y(\000)1557 1399 y(\000)1494 1419 y(\000)1515 -1399 y(\000)1453 1419 y(\000)1474 1399 y(\000)p 1453 1462 V -1561 1450 a Fn(T)m(rap)1764 1453 y(3)p 1453 1690 V 1764 1586 -a(108)1702 1689 y Fl(\000)g(\000)1702 1648 y(\000)1619 1689 -y(\000)1660 1648 y(\000)1702 1606 y(\000)1577 1689 y(\000)1619 -1648 y(\000)1660 1606 y(\000)1702 1565 y(\000)1536 1689 y(\000)1577 -1648 y(\000)1619 1606 y(\000)1660 1565 y(\000)1702 1523 y(\000)1494 -1689 y(\000)1536 1648 y(\000)1577 1606 y(\000)1619 1565 y(\000)1660 -1523 y(\000)1681 1502 y(\000)1453 1689 y(\000)1494 1648 y(\000)1536 -1606 y(\000)1577 1565 y(\000)1619 1523 y(\000)1640 1502 y(\000)1453 -1648 y(\000)1494 1606 y(\000)1536 1565 y(\000)1577 1523 y(\000)1598 -1502 y(\000)1453 1606 y(\000)1494 1565 y(\000)1536 1523 y(\000)1557 -1502 y(\000)1453 1565 y(\000)1494 1523 y(\000)1515 1502 y(\000)1453 -1523 y(\000)1474 1502 y(\000)1501 1900 y FD(000)13 b(|)h(337)1764 -1897 y Fn(112)p 1453 2084 V 1764 2115 a(16)1702 2125 y Fl(\000)-84 -b(\000)h(\000)f(\000)h(\000)f(\000)h(\000)p 955 1254 V 955 -1337 V 1245 485 a(E)1252 527 y(E)1259 568 y(E)1266 610 y(E)1273 -652 y(E)1280 693 y(E)1287 735 y(E)1294 776 y(E)1301 818 y(E)1308 -859 y(E)1315 901 y(E)1321 942 y(E)1328 984 y(E)1335 1025 y(E)1342 -1067 y(E)1349 1108 y(E)1356 1150 y(E)1363 1191 y(E)1370 1233 -y(E)1377 1274 y(E)1384 1316 y(E)1391 1357 y(E)1398 1399 y(E)1404 -1440 y(E)1411 1482 y(E)1418 1523 y(E)1425 1565 y(E)1432 1606 -y(E)1439 1648 y(E)1446 1689 y(E)-7 b(E)1245 1295 y(C)1256 1336 -y(C)1266 1378 y(C)1276 1419 y(C)1287 1461 y(C)1297 1502 y(C)1308 -1544 y(C)1318 1586 y(C)1328 1627 y(C)1339 1669 y(C)1349 1710 -y(C)1359 1752 y(C)1370 1793 y(C)1380 1835 y(C)1391 1876 y(C)1401 -1918 y(C)1411 1959 y(C)1422 2001 y(C)1432 2042 y(C)1443 2084 -y(C)1053 863 y FD(112K)1063 1309 y(16K)1053 1994 y(128K)1474 -2384 y(Shaded)14 b(Areas)1477 2434 y(Are)h(Reserv)o(ed)p eop -%%Page: 415 75 -415 74 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(415)357 160 y Fz(Figure)18 b(4.8:)25 b(KS10)18 b(TOPS{10)h(Pro)r(cess)g -(T)-5 b(able)18 b(Con\014guration)150 2614 y Fq(HRMF-KST10PTC.TEX)p -233 2541 831 2 v 232 2540 2 2159 v 1229 2541 831 2 v 1228 2540 -2 2159 v 233 383 831 2 v 1062 2540 2 2159 v 1229 383 831 2 -v 2059 2540 2 2159 v 413 341 a Fz(User)g(Pro)r(cess)g(T)-5 -b(able)464 b(Executiv)n(e)16 b(Pro)r(cess)i(T)-5 b(able)168 -2530 y Fn(777)943 b(777)204 413 y(0)978 b(0)p 647 444 2 63 -v -973 w(User)11 b(P)o(age)g(0)230 b(User)11 b(P)o(age)g(1)p -647 527 2 42 v 647 610 V 647 693 V 647 797 2 63 v 245 784 a(User)g(P)o(age)g -(776)194 b(User)11 b(P)o(age)g(777)168 787 y(377)p 233 798 -831 2 v 168 828 a(400)p 647 859 2 63 v 23 w(Executiv)o(e)e(P)o(age)i(340)113 -b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(P)o(age)i(341)p 647 942 2 42 v 647 1046 -2 63 v 233 1047 831 2 v 168 1036 a(417)245 1033 y(Executiv)o(e)e(P)o(age)i -(376)113 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(P)o(age)i(377)p 233 1088 V 168 -1077 a(420)245 1080 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 233 1130 V 168 1119 a(421)23 -b(User)11 b(Arithmetic)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(T)m(rap)g(Instruction)p -233 1171 V 168 1160 a(422)23 b(User)11 b(Pushdo)o(wn)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(T)m -(rap)g(Instruction)p 233 1213 V 168 1202 a(423)245 1201 y(User)g(T)m(rap)h(3) -f(T)m(rap)g(Instruction)p 233 1254 V 168 1243 a(424)245 1246 -y(MUUO)i(Stored)d(Here)p 233 1296 V 168 1285 a(425)245 1288 -y(MUUO)j(Old)f(PC)g(W)m(ord)p 233 1337 V 168 1326 a(426)245 -1329 y(MUUO)h(Pro)q(cess)d(Con)o(text)h(W)m(ord)p 233 1379 -V 168 1368 a(427)245 1371 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 233 1420 V 168 1409 -a(430)23 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(No)j(T)m(rap)f(MUUO)i(New)g(PC)f(W)m(ord)p -233 1462 V 168 1451 a(431)23 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(T)m(rap)i(MUUO)j(New)e(PC)g -(W)m(ord)p 233 1503 V 168 1492 a(432)245 1495 y(Reserv)o(ed)p -233 1545 V 168 1534 a(433)245 1537 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 233 1586 -V 168 1575 a(434)23 b(User)11 b(No)h(T)m(rap)f(MUUO)j(New)e(PC)g(W)m(ord)p -233 1628 V 168 1617 a(435)23 b(User)11 b(T)m(rap)h(MUUO)h(New)f(PC)h(W)m(ord) -168 1658 y(436)p 233 1877 V 168 1866 a(477)245 1763 y(Reserv)o(ed)p -233 1918 V 168 1908 a(500)245 1907 y(P)o(age)e(F)m(ail)g(W)m(ord)p -233 1960 V 168 1949 a(501)23 b(P)o(age)11 b(F)m(ail)g(Old)g(PC)h(W)m(ord)p -233 2001 V 168 1991 a(502)245 1990 y(P)o(age)f(F)m(ail)g(New)h(PC)g(W)m(ord) -168 2032 y(503)245 2282 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 1229 756 V 1241 601 -a(Reserv)o(ed)1182 745 y(41)1182 787 y(42)p 1229 922 V 1241 -846 a(Priorit)o(y)e(In)o(terrupt)f(Instructions)1182 911 y(57)1182 -953 y(60)p 1229 1088 V 1241 1016 a(Reserv)o(ed)1165 1077 y(100)p -1229 1130 V 1165 1119 a(101)22 b(Adapter)10 b(1)i(In)o(terrupt)d(T)m(able)i -(P)o(oin)o(ter)p 1229 1171 V 1165 1160 a(102)1241 1163 y(Reserv)o(ed)p -1229 1213 V 1165 1202 a(103)22 b(Adapter)10 b(3)i(In)o(terrupt)d(T)m(able)i -(P)o(oin)o(ter)1165 1243 y(104)p 1229 1337 V 1165 1326 a(177)1241 -1286 y(Reserv)o(ed)1165 1368 y(200)p 1644 1399 2 63 v 1241 -1367 a(Executiv)o(e)e(P)o(age)i(400)113 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(P)o(age)i(401)p -1644 1482 2 42 v 1644 1586 2 63 v 1241 1573 a(Executiv)o(e)e(P)o(age)i(776) -113 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(P)o(age)i(777)p 1229 1586 831 2 v 1165 -1575 a(377)1165 1617 y(400)1165 1700 y(420)1241 1659 y(Reserv)o(ed)p -1229 1711 V 1165 1741 a(421)22 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(Arithmetic)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o -(w)h(T)m(rap)g(Instruction)p 1229 1752 V 1165 1783 a(422)22 -b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(Pushdo)o(wn)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)i(T)m(rap)f(Instruction)p -1229 1794 V 1165 1825 a(423)1241 1824 y(Executiv)o(e)e(T)m(rap)j(3)f(T)m(rap) -g(Instruction)p 1229 1835 V 1165 1866 a(424)1165 2198 y(577)1241 -2033 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 1229 2209 V 1165 2240 a(600)1241 2239 -y(Executiv)o(e)e(P)o(age)i(0)149 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(P)o(age)i(1)p -1644 2270 2 63 v 1644 2353 2 42 v 1644 2457 2 63 v 1165 2447 -a(757)1241 2445 y(Executiv)o(e)e(P)o(age)i(336)113 b(Executiv)o(e)9 -b(P)o(age)i(337)p 1229 2458 831 2 v 1165 2489 a(760)1241 2510 -y(Reserv)o(ed)p eop -%%Page: 416 76 -416 75 bop 0 50 a FD(416)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)p 0 403 1495 2 v -1 403 2 150 v 0 254 1495 -2 v 1494 403 2 150 v 124 415 2 13 v 248 415 V 373 415 V 497 -415 V 622 415 V 746 423 2 21 v 871 415 2 13 v 995 415 V 1120 -415 V 1244 415 V 1369 415 V 12 433 a Fp(0)p 41 403 2 150 v --17 w(0)p -1 403 V 1 342 a Fy(A)54 433 y Fp(1)p 82 403 V -17 -w(1)p 41 403 V 44 342 a Fy(P)96 433 y Fp(2)p 124 403 V -17 -w(2)p 82 403 V 79 342 a Fy(W)137 433 y Fp(3)p 165 403 V -17 -w(3)p 124 403 V 129 342 a Fy(S)179 433 y Fp(4)p 207 403 V -17 -w(4)p 165 403 V 168 342 a Fy(C)710 433 y Fp(17)p 746 403 V --399 w(8)p 331 403 V 410 314 a Fy(Physic)n(al)h(Page)361 363 -y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(Bits)f(17{26)751 433 y Fp(18)p 788 403 V --34 w(18)p 746 403 V 748 342 a Fy(A)793 433 y Fp(19)p 829 403 -V -34 w(19)p 788 403 V 791 342 a Fy(P)834 433 y Fp(20)p 871 -403 V -34 w(20)p 829 403 V 826 342 a Fy(W)876 433 y Fp(21)p -912 403 V -34 w(21)p 871 403 V 877 342 a Fy(S)917 433 y Fp(22)p -954 403 V -34 w(22)p 912 403 V 915 342 a Fy(C)1457 433 y Fp(35)p -1494 403 V -408 w(26)p 1078 403 V 1157 314 a Fy(Physic)n(al)h(Page)1109 -363 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(Bits)h(17{26)122 230 y FD(Data)f(for)f(Ev)o(en)h -(Virtual)g(P)o(age)251 b(Data)13 b(for)g(Odd)i(Virtual)e(P)o(age)0 -592 y(Bits)f(8{17)e(and)h(26{35)f(con)o(tain)g(the)i(ph)o(ysical)f(page)g(n)o -(um)o(b)q(ers)g(for)g(the)g(ev)o(en)h(and)f(o)q(dd)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)g -(virtual)g(pages)0 642 y(corresp)q(onding)18 b(to)f(the)h(map)d(lo)q(cation)i -(that)g(holds)g(the)h(w)o(ord.)27 b(The)18 b(prop)q(erties)g(represen)o(ted)i -(b)o(y)d(1s)h(in)e(the)0 692 y(remaining)c(\\page)h(use")i(bits)f(are)g(as)g -(follo)o(ws.)454 774 y Fy(Bit)210 b(Me)n(aning)16 b(of)f(a)g(1)g(in)g(the)g -(Bit)467 860 y Fu(A)62 b FD(Access)16 b(allo)o(w)o(ed)466 910 -y Fu(P)67 b FD(Not)14 b(used)h(\(public)e(in)h(other)g(pro)q(cessors\))460 -960 y Fu(W)61 b FD(W)m(ritable)13 b(\(not)h(write{protected\))468 -1009 y Fu(S)67 b FD(Soft)o(w)o(are)13 b(\(not)h(in)o(terpreted)i(b)o(y)e(the) -g(hardw)o(are\))466 1059 y Fu(C)64 b FD(Cac)o(heable)0 1143 -y FA(P)o(age)13 b(T)l(able.)k FD(If)12 b(the)g(complete)g(mapping)e(pro)q -(cedure)j(describ)q(ed)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)e(w)o(ere)h(actually)e(carried)i(out) -f(in)f(ev)o(ery)0 1193 y(instance,)i(the)g(pro)q(cessor)g(w)o(ould)f(require) -h(t)o(w)o(o)e(memory)f(references)15 b(for)d(ev)o(ery)h(reference)h(b)o(y)e -(the)h(program.)j(T)m(o)0 1243 y(a)o(v)o(oid)10 b(this,)h(the)h(pager)g(con)o -(tains)f(a)g(page)g(table,)h(in)e(whic)o(h)i(it)e(k)o(eeps)j(a)e(large)g -(assortmen)o(t)g(of)f(mappings)g(for)h(b)q(oth)0 1292 y(the)k(executiv)o(e)g -(and)g(the)f(curren)o(t)i(user.)21 b(The)14 b(table)h(has)f(512)g(lo)q -(cations,)f(one)i(for)f(eac)o(h)g(virtual)g(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)0 -1342 y(Eac)o(h)k(lo)q(cation)e(con)o(tains)i(a)f(mapping)f(\(from)f(a)j(map)e -(half)g(w)o(ord\))i(for)f(the)h(virtual)f(page)g(that)h(iden)o(ti\014es)g -(it,)0 1392 y(including)11 b(the)j(ph)o(ysical)d(page)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -(and)g(the)h(W)f(and)g(C)h(bits.)k(Eac)o(h)c(lo)q(cation)f(also)f(has)i(a)f -(parit)o(y)g(bit,)g(a)g(bit)0 1442 y(that)j(indicates)f(whether)i(the)f -(mapping)e(is)h(for)g(user)i(or)e(executiv)o(e)i(address)g(space,)f(and)g(a)f -(bit)g(that)h(indicates)0 1492 y(whether)f(the)g(en)o(try)f(is)g(v)n(alid.)j -(A)d(zero)g(mapping)e(is)i(p)q(erfectly)g(v)n(alid,)e(but)i(a)g(lo)q(cation)f -(is)g(lab)q(eled)h(as)g(con)o(taining)0 1541 y(no)j(v)n(alid)e(mapping)f(b)o -(y)j(clearing)f(it,)h(th)o(us)g(clearing)f(the)i(v)n(alid)d(bit.)23 -b(It)16 b(is)f(not)h(necessary)i(to)d(k)o(eep)i(the)f(access)0 -1591 y(bit,)d(as)h(mappings)e(for)i(inaccessible)g(pages)h(are)f(not)g(en)o -(tered)h(in)o(to)f(the)g(table.)0 1677 y(When)i(the)h(program)e(references)k -(a)d(page)g(whose)h(mapping)d(en)o(try)j(is)f(tagged)g(as)g(v)n(alid)f(and)h -(in)g(the)h(program)0 1727 y(address)g(space,)g(the)g(10{bit)e(ph)o(ysical)g -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)777 1712 y Fp(53)827 1727 y FD(from)g(the)h(mapping)e(for)h -(the)i(virtual)e(page)h(is)g(used)g(as)g(the)0 1776 y(left)d(ten)h(bits)g(in) -f(the)h(ph)o(ysical)f(address)i(for)e(the)h(memory)d(reference)16 -b(\(pro)o(vided)e(of)f(course)i(that)e(the)h(reference)0 1826 -y(is)f(allo)o(w)o(able)e(according)i(to)g(the)g Fu(W)19 b FD(bit\).)f(If)12 -b(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)h(the)h(en)o(try)g(is)e(in)o(v)n(alid)f(or)i(is)g(not)g -(for)f(the)i(correct)h(address)0 1876 y(space,)20 b(or)e(the)h(reference)i -(is)d(for)g(writing)f(and)h Fu(W)24 b FD(is)18 b(0,)h(the)g(pager)f(mak)o(es) -f(a)h(separate)i(memory)15 b(reference)0 1926 y(\(referred)g(to)f(as)f(a)g -(\\page)g(re\014ll"\))h(to)f(get)h(the)g(mapping)d(for)i(the)h(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(virtual)e(page)g(from)f(the)i(page)f(map.)0 1976 -y(The)h(mapping)e(is)i(placed)g(in)f(the)i(table)f(unless)g(the)h(reference)h -(fails)d(b)q(ecause)j(the)e(page)g(is)g(inaccessible)g(or)g(the)0 -2026 y(program)e(is)i(attempting)e(to)i(write)g(in)g(a)f(protected)j(page.)0 -2165 y Fz(P)n(age)j(F)-5 b(ailure)0 2250 y FD(When)14 b(for)f(an)o(y)g -(reason)i(the)f(pager)g(is)f(unable)h(to)f(mak)o(e)f(a)i(desired)h(memory)c -(reference,)16 b(an)d(ev)o(en)o(t)h(kno)o(wn)g(as)f(a)0 2300 -y(\\page)g(failure")f(o)q(ccurs.)20 b(F)m(or)13 b(this)g(the)h(page)f -(terminates)g(the)h(instruction)g(immediately)l(,)c(without)j(disturbing)0 -2350 y(PC)i(or)g(storing)f(an)o(y)h(results)g(in)g(memory)d(or)j(the)g(accum) -o(ulators,)f(and)g(executes)j(a)e(page)g(fail)e(trap.)21 b(The)15 -b(trap)0 2400 y(op)q(eration)172 2385 y Fp(54)225 2400 y FD(mak)o(es)i(use)j -(of)d(three)j(lo)q(cations)e(in)f(the)i(user)h(pro)q(cess)g(table:)27 -b(it)17 b(places)i(a)f(page)h(fail)d(w)o(ord)i(in)0 2449 y(lo)q(cation)c -(500,)f(iden)o(ti\014es)i(the)g(failed)f(state)h(of)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(b) -o(y)d(placing)f(the)j(curren)o(t)g(PC)e(w)o(ord)h(in)f(lo)q(cation)p -0 2484 720 2 v 31 2511 a Fo(53)64 2523 y Fn(Actually)c(table)g(lo)q(cations)f -(ha)o(v)o(e)h(elev)o(en)g(bits)h(for)g(ph)o(ysical)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers,)h(but) -g(the)h(most)f(signi\014can)o(t)f(is)j(not)e(used.)31 2551 -y Fo(54)64 2562 y Fn(A)15 b(page)f(failure)f(that)h(o)q(ccurs)g(during)f(an)h -(in)o(terrupt)f(instruction)f(do)q(es)i(not)g(act)g(this)h(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)25 -b(Instead)13 b(the)i(pro)q(cessor)d(halts)0 2602 y(\()p Fj(x)o -Fn(4.2.7\).)p eop -%%Page: 417 77 -417 76 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(417)150 195 y(501,)18 b(and)g(sets)i(up)e(the)h(\015ags)f(and)g(PC)g -(according)g(to)g(a)g(new)h(PC)f(w)o(ord)g(in)g(lo)q(cation)f(502.)30 -b(The)19 b(pro)q(cessor)150 245 y(then)c(resumes)g(op)q(eration)g(in)f(the)h -(new)g(state)g(at)f(the)i(lo)q(cation)d(no)o(w)h(addressed)j(b)o(y)d(PC.)g -(The)h(same)f(sequence)150 295 y(of)h(ev)o(en)o(ts)i(o)q(ccurs)g(if)d(the)j -(pro)q(cessor)g(p)q(erforms)e(an)h(I/O)f(instruction)h(and)g(the)g(adapter)g -(fails)e(to)i(indicate)f(the)150 345 y(transfer)g(w)o(as)f(accomplished.)150 -430 y(There)i(are)g(t)o(w)o(o)e(kinds)h(of)f(page)h(failures,)g(hard)g(and)f -(soft.)22 b(A)15 b(hard)g(failure)f(means)g(that)h(something)f(really)g(is) -150 480 y(amiss,)h(whereas)i(a)e(soft)h(failure)f(generally)h(means)f(only)g -(that)h(the)g(program)f(requires)i(some)e(kind)g(of)h(service)150 -530 y(from)10 b(the)i(Monitor.)17 b(A)12 b(hard)g(failure)f(is)h(indicated)f -(b)o(y)h(a)f(1)h(in)f(bit)h(1)f(of)g(the)i(page)e(fail)g(w)o(ord,)g(and)h -(the)g(particular)150 580 y(failure)i(is)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f(a)f(co)q -(de)i(\(whic)o(h)f(is)f(therefore)i FB(\025)e FD(20\))g(in)h(bits)f(1{5.)20 -b(There)c(are)g(three)g(suc)o(h)f(failures)g(of)150 629 y(whic)o(h)h(t)o(w)o -(o)g(are)h(true)h(page)e(failures,)g(i.e.,)g(failures)g(in)o(v)o(olving)e -(memory)g(reference,)19 b(and)e(for)f(these)i(the)f(page)150 -679 y(fail)12 b(w)o(ord)i(has)g(this)g(format.)p 150 815 1495 -2 v 149 815 2 75 v 150 741 1495 2 v 1644 815 2 75 v 274 827 -2 13 v 398 827 V 523 827 V 647 827 V 772 827 V 896 835 2 21 -v 1021 827 2 13 v 1145 827 V 1270 827 V 1394 827 V 1519 827 -V 162 845 a Fp(0)p 191 815 2 75 v -17 w(0)p 149 815 V 151 791 -a Fy(U)370 845 y Fp(5)p 398 815 V -183 w(1)p 191 815 V -54 -x FD(36)g(or)g(37)453 845 y Fp(7)p 481 815 V -58 w(6)p 398 -815 V 430 791 a FD(0)495 845 y Fp(8)p 523 815 V -17 w(8)p 481 -815 V 485 791 a Fy(P)818 845 y Fp(16)p 855 815 V -316 w(9)p -523 815 V 679 791 a FD(0)1607 845 y Fp(35)p 1644 815 V -781 -w(17)p 855 815 V 1178 792 a FD(Address)150 1004 y(Whether)j(the)f(violation)e -(o)q(ccurred)j(in)e(user)i(or)f(executiv)o(e)g(address)h(space)g(is)f -(indicated)f(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)i(b)o(y)f(a)f(1)150 1054 y(or)i(0)f(in)g(bit) -g(0;)i(and)e(a)g(1)h(or)f(0)g(in)h(bit)f(8)g(indicates)h(whether)h(or)f(not)f -(a)h(ph)o(ysical)f(address)h(w)o(as)g(giv)o(en)f(for)g(the)150 -1104 y(reference.)k(The)15 b(co)q(de)g(names)e(the)h(particular)g(failure)f -(as)h(follo)o(ws.)150 1171 y(36)49 b(Uncorrectable)20 b(memory)c(error)j(|)f -(in)g(a)g(pro)q(cessor)i(reference)h(the)e(memory)d(con)o(troller)i(has)g -(read)h(an)241 1221 y(incorrect)c(w)o(ord)e(from)e(storage)j(and)f(w)o(as)g -(unable)g(to)f(correct)j(it.)j(The)13 b(pro)q(cessor)i(has)e(sa)o(v)o(ed)h -(the)f(w)o(ord)g(in)241 1271 y(A)o(C)h(0)g(and)f(A)o(C)h(1,)f(blo)q(c)o(k)h -(7,)f(and)h(has)g(set)h(the)f(Bad)g(Memory)f(\015ag)g(\()p -Fx(RD)o(APR)g FD(bit)h(28\).)150 1356 y(37)49 b(Nonexisten)o(t)17 -b(memory)d(|)h(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(has)e(called)g(for)f(a)h(storage)g -(reference)j(o)o(v)o(er)d(the)h(bus)f(but)g(the)241 1406 y(memory)c(con)o -(troller)i(did)f(not)h(resp)q(ond.)19 b(This)14 b(error)h(also)e(sets)i(the)g -(No)e(Memory)g(\015ag)h(\()p Fx(RD)o(APR)e FD(bit)i(27\).)150 -1510 y(If)g(the)g(failure)f(co)q(de)i(is)f(20,)e(the)j(fail)d(w)o(ord)i -(instead)g(has)g(this)g(format)p 150 1654 1495 2 v 149 1653 -2 75 v 150 1579 1495 2 v 1644 1653 2 75 v 274 1666 2 13 v 398 -1666 V 523 1666 V 647 1666 V 772 1666 V 896 1674 2 21 v 1021 -1666 2 13 v 1145 1666 V 1270 1666 V 1394 1666 V 1519 1666 V -162 1683 a Fp(0)p 191 1653 2 75 v -17 w(0)p 149 1653 V 151 -1630 a Fy(U)370 1683 y Fp(5)p 398 1653 V -183 w(1)p 191 1653 -V 275 1629 a FD(20)453 1683 y Fp(7)p 481 1653 V -58 w(6)p 398 -1653 V 430 1629 a FD(0)495 1683 y Fp(8)p 523 1653 V -17 w(8)p -481 1653 V 492 1629 a FD(1)536 1683 y Fp(9)p 564 1653 V -17 -w(9)p 523 1653 V 534 1629 a FD(0)569 1683 y Fp(10)p 606 1653 -V -34 w(10)p 564 1653 V 575 1629 a FD(1)652 1683 y Fp(12)p -689 1653 V -75 w(11)p 606 1653 V 638 1629 a FD(0)694 1683 y -Fp(13)p 730 1653 V -34 w(13)p 689 1653 V 692 1630 a Fy(B)1607 -1683 y Fp(35)p 1644 1653 V -906 w(14)p 730 1653 V 1074 1626 -a FD(I/O)g(Address)150 1842 y(and)e(indicates)h(a)f(nonexisten)o(t)h(I/O)g -(register,)g(i.e.,)e(an)i(I/O)f(instruction)h(ga)o(v)o(e)f(an)g(I/O)g -(address)i(to)e(whic)o(h)h(there)150 1892 y(w)o(as)g(no)g(resp)q(onse.)20 -b(A)13 b(1)g(in)f(bit)h(13)g(indicates)g(a)g(b)o(yte)h(op)q(eration.)j(\(The) -d(1s)f(in)g(bits)g(8)g(and)g(10)g(mean)f(a)g(ph)o(ysical)150 -1942 y(reference)j(and)d(an)h(I/O)f(function)g(on)g(the)i(bus.\))k(Note)13 -b(that)f(this)h(is)f(not)g(an)h(I/O)f(page)h(failure,)e(whic)o(h)i(is)f(a)g -(true)150 1992 y(\(memory\))g(page)i(failure)f(and)g(causes)j(a)d(halt.)150 -2077 y(A)j(soft)g(failure)f(|)h(of)f(whic)o(h)h(there)h(are)g(t)o(w)o(o,)e -(an)h(inaccessible)h(page)f(and)g(an)f(attempt)g(to)h(write)h(in)e(a)h -(write-)150 2127 y(protected)f(page)e(|)g(is)g(indicated)g(b)o(y)h(a)f(0)g -(in)f(bit)h(1.)18 b(The)c(fail)d(w)o(ord)i(still)g(con)o(tains)g(the)h -Fy(U)20 b FD(bit)13 b(and)g(the)h(virtual)150 2177 y(address,)h(but)f(no)o(w) -f(bits)h(1{8)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(one)g(of)f(these)j(formats,)201 -2298 y(Inaccessible)p 441 2321 374 2 v 441 2247 V 440 2320 -2 75 v 813 2320 V 453 2351 a Fp(0)p 481 2320 V -17 w(0)p 440 -2320 V 442 2297 a Fy(U)495 2351 y Fp(1)p 523 2320 V -17 w(1)p -481 2320 V 492 2296 a FD(0)536 2351 y Fp(2)p 564 2320 V -17 -w(2)p 523 2320 V 534 2296 a FD(0)578 2351 y Fp(3)p 606 2320 -V -17 w(3)p 564 2320 V 575 2296 a FD(0)619 2351 y Fp(4)p 647 -2320 V -17 w(4)p 606 2320 V 617 2296 a FD(0)661 2351 y Fp(5)p -689 2320 V -17 w(5)p 647 2320 V 650 2297 a Fy(T)702 2351 y -Fp(6)p 730 2320 V -17 w(6)p 689 2320 V 700 2296 a FD(0)744 -2351 y Fp(7)p 772 2320 V -17 w(7)p 730 2320 V 742 2296 a FD(0)785 -2351 y Fp(8)p 813 2320 V -17 w(8)p 772 2320 V 783 2296 a FD(1)961 -2298 y(W)m(rite)d(Violation)p 1271 2321 374 2 v 1271 2247 V -1270 2320 2 75 v 1644 2320 V 1283 2351 a Fp(0)p 1311 2320 V --17 w(0)p 1270 2320 V 1272 2297 a Fy(U)1325 2351 y Fp(1)p 1353 -2320 V -17 w(1)p 1311 2320 V 1323 2296 a FD(0)1366 2351 y Fp(2)p -1394 2320 V -17 w(2)p 1353 2320 V 1364 2296 a FD(1)1408 2351 -y Fp(3)p 1436 2320 V -17 w(3)p 1394 2320 V 1406 2296 a FD(0)1449 -2351 y Fp(4)p 1478 2320 V -17 w(4)p 1436 2320 V 1442 2297 a -Fy(S)1491 2351 y Fp(5)p 1519 2320 V -17 w(5)p 1478 2320 V 1480 -2297 a Fy(T)1532 2351 y Fp(6)p 1561 2320 V -17 w(6)p 1519 2320 -V 1530 2296 a FD(0)1574 2351 y Fp(7)p 1602 2320 V -17 w(7)p -1561 2320 V 1572 2296 a FD(0)1615 2351 y Fp(8)p 1644 2320 V --17 w(8)p 1602 2320 V 1613 2296 a FD(1)150 2510 y(where)i Fu(S)h -FD(is)d(simply)f(the)i(soft)o(w)o(are)g(bit)f(tak)o(en)g(from)f(the)i -(mapping)e(for)h(the)h(page)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d(bits)g(18{26,)f(bit) -150 2560 y(8)i(is)g(the)g(in)o(v)o(erse)h(of)f(bit)f(8)h(in)g(the)g(hard)h -(case)g(\(1)f(means)f(virtual\),)g(and)h Fu(T)20 b FD(indicates)14 -b(the)h(t)o(yp)q(e)f(of)g(reference)i(in)150 2609 y(whic)o(h)f(the)h(failure) -e(o)q(ccurred:)23 b(0)15 b(for)g(a)g(read{only)g(reference,)i(1)e(for)g(an)o -(y)g(reference)j(in)o(v)o(olving)12 b(writing.)22 b(It)15 b(is)p -eop -%%Page: 418 78 -418 77 bop 0 50 a FD(418)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(eviden)o(t)f(from)f(insp)q(ection)h(of)g(the)h(t)o -(w)o(o)e(con\014gurations)h(that)g(bit)g(2)g(is)g(actually)f(the)i(A)f(bit)g -(from)e(the)j(mapping;)0 245 y(and)i(when)h(the)g(page)g(is)f(accessible,)i -(the)f(0)f(in)g(bit)h(3)f(comes)g(from)e(the)k Fu(W)k FD(bit.)j(The)17 -b(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f(reference)j(p)q(er)0 295 y(se)14 b(implies)e(nothing)h -(ab)q(out)h(the)g(cause)h(of)e(failure)f(|)i(it)f(indicates)h(only)f(the)h -(reason)g(the)g(failed)f(reference)j(w)o(as)0 345 y(b)q(eing)e(made.)j(Of)c -(course)j Fu(T)k FD(and)13 b Fu(A)h FD(b)q(oth)g(b)q(eing)g(1)g(implies)e(a)h -(write)h(failure.)0 430 y(F)m(or)j(a)h(page)f(fail)f(trap,)j(the)f(new)g(PC)g -(w)o(ord)f(is)h(set)g(up)g(b)o(y)f(the)i(Monitor)e(to)g(transfer)i(con)o -(trol)e(to)h(executiv)o(e)0 480 y(mo)q(de.)34 b(After)20 b(rectifying)f(the)h -(situation,)f(the)h(Monitor)f(returns)i(to)f(the)g(in)o(terrupted)g -(instruction,)h(whic)o(h)0 530 y(starts)14 b(o)o(v)o(er)g(again)e(from)f(the) -j(b)q(eginning)f(or)g(from)f(the)i(stopping)f(p)q(osition)f(in)h(a)g(m)o -(ultipart)e(instruction.)18 b(Ev)o(en)0 580 y(a)f(t)o(w)o(o{part)h -(instruction)g(that)f(has)h(b)q(een)h(stopp)q(ed)g(b)o(y)e(a)h(failure)f(in)g -(the)h(second)h(part)f(is)g(redone)g(prop)q(erly)m(,)0 629 -y(pro)o(vided)12 b(the)h(Monitor)f(restores)i(First)f(P)o(art)g(Done.)k(The)c -(mec)o(hanism)d(for)i(making)e(a)i(correct)i(return)f(and)f(the)0 -679 y(e\013ects)17 b(it)e(pro)q(duces)i(on)f(a)f Fx(BL)m(T)g -FD(are)h(the)g(same)e(as)i(for)f(an)g(in)o(terrupt,)h(and)f(are)h(describ)q -(ed)h(under)g(the)f(sp)q(ecial)0 729 y(considerations)e(giv)o(en)g(at)g(the)g -(end)g(of)g FB(x)p FD(4.2.1.)0 815 y(Note)f(that)f(a)h(soft)f(failure)g -(seldom)f(implies)f(that)j(an)o(ything)e(is)i(\\wrong")e(|)h(unless)i(a)e -(program)f(has)h(attempted)0 864 y(to)f(write)h(in)e(a)h(truly)h -(write{protected)h(area.)k(Consider)12 b(a)f(t)o(ypical)f(case)i(where)h(the) -f(Monitor)e(has,)i(for)f(example,)0 914 y(ten)f(or)g(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y)g -(pages)g(of)f(a)g(user)i(program)d(in)h(core;)j(these)f(w)o(ould)e(b)q(e)h -(the)h(virtual)d(pages)j(indicated)e(as)h(accessible.)0 964 -y(When)16 b(the)g(user)h(attempts)e(to)g(gain)g(access)i(to)f(a)f(page)g -(that)h(is)f(not)h(there)h(\(a)e(virtual)g(page)g(indicated)h(in)f(its)0 -1014 y(mapping)d(as)j(inaccessible\),)g(the)g(Monitor)e(w)o(ould)h(resp)q -(ond)h(to)f(the)h(page)g(failure)e(b)o(y)h(bringing)g(in)g(the)g(needed)0 -1064 y(page)e(from)f(the)i(disk,)f(either)h(adding)e(to)i(the)f(user)i(space) -f(or)f(sw)o(apping)g(out)g(a)g(page)h(the)g(user)g(no)f(longer)g(needs.)0 -1149 y(The)19 b(same)e(situation)h(exists)h(for)e(writabilit)o(y)m(.)29 -b(When)19 b(bringing)e(in)h(a)g(user)h(program,)e(the)i(Monitor)f(w)o(ould)0 -1199 y(ordinarily)c(indicate)i(as)f(writable)g(only)g(the)h(bu\013er)h(area)e -(and)h(other)g(pages)f(that)h(will)e(de\014nitely)i(b)q(e)g(altered,)0 -1249 y(distinguishing)g(those)j(that)e(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(revised)h(on)e(the)h -(disk)f(at)h(the)g(end)g(from)e(those)i(that)g(can)g(b)q(e)g(thro)o(wn)0 -1299 y(a)o(w)o(a)o(y)c(b)o(y)h(setting)g(the)g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(bit.)21 -b(Then)16 b(in)e(resp)q(onse)j(to)e(a)f(write)i(failure,)e(the)h(Monitor)g -(mak)o(es)e(the)j(page)0 1348 y(writable)f(and)h(sets)h(the)g(soft)o(w)o(are) -e(bit)h(to)g(indicate)f(to)h(itself)f(that)h(that)g(page)g(has)g(in)f(fact)h -(b)q(een)h(altered)f(and)0 1398 y(m)o(ust)d(b)q(e)h(sa)o(v)o(ed.)k(When)c -(the)g(user)h(is)f(done,)f(the)i(Monitor)e(need)h(write)h(bac)o(k)e(on)o(to)g -(the)i(disk)e(only)g(those)i(pages)0 1448 y(for)f(whic)o(h)f(b)q(oth)h -Fu(W)20 b FD(and)14 b Fu(S)j FD(are)d(set.)0 1587 y Fz(The)k(Map)i -(Instruction)0 1673 y FD(It)c(is)g(often)g(helpful)g(for)g(the)g(Monitor)g -(or)g(a)g(debugging)g(pac)o(k)n(age)f(to)h(b)q(e)h(able)f(to)g(determine)g -(ho)o(w)g(the)h(pager)0 1723 y(w)o(ould)f(resp)q(ond)i(to)f(a)f(particular)h -(reference)i(without)e(actually)f(c)o(hancing)h(a)f(page)h(failure.)26 -b(It)17 b(ma)o(y)e(also)h(b)q(e)0 1772 y(useful)g(to)g(determine)g(where)h(a) -f(particular)g(virtual)f(page)h(is)g(in)g(ph)o(ysical)g(memory)m(.)21 -b(F)m(or)16 b(suc)o(h)h(purp)q(oses)g(the)0 1822 y(pro)q(cessor)f(has)e(this) -g(instruction.)p 0 2071 1495 4 v 0 1996 V -2 2069 4 75 v 1493 -2069 V 538 2069 V 579 2069 V 746 2069 V 12 2101 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 2046 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)344 2101 y Fn(8)p 372 2069 V 24 w(9)441 2046 y -Fy(A)0 1963 y Fk(MAP)211 b(Map)18 b(an)h(Address)156 2045 y -FD(257)0 2197 y(If)c(the)h(pager)f(is)h(on,)f(map)e(the)j(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)e(of)h(the)h(virtual)e(e\013ectiv)o(e)j(address)g Fu(E)g -FD(and)e(place)h(the)g(resulting)0 2246 y(ph)o(ysical)f(address)j(and)e -(other)g(map)e(data)i(in)g(A)o(C.)f(If)h(the)g(page)g(is)g(accessible,)h(the) -g(information)c(loaded)j(in)o(to)0 2296 y(A)o(C)e(is)g(of)f(the)h(form)p -0 2432 1495 2 v -1 2432 2 75 v 0 2358 1495 2 v 1494 2432 2 -75 v 124 2444 2 13 v 248 2444 V 373 2444 V 497 2444 V 622 2444 -V 746 2452 2 21 v 871 2444 2 13 v 995 2444 V 1120 2444 V 1244 -2444 V 1369 2444 V 12 2462 a Fp(0)p 41 2432 2 75 v -17 w(0)p --1 2432 V 1 2408 a Fy(U)54 2462 y Fp(1)p 82 2432 V -17 w(1)p -41 2432 V 52 2408 a FD(0)96 2462 y Fp(2)p 124 2432 V -17 w(2)p -82 2432 V 93 2408 a FD(1)137 2462 y Fp(3)p 165 2432 V -17 w(3)p -124 2432 V 120 2408 a Fy(W)179 2462 y Fp(4)p 207 2432 V -17 -w(4)p 165 2432 V 171 2408 a Fy(S)220 2462 y Fp(5)p 248 2432 -V -17 w(5)p 207 2432 V 218 2408 a FD(0)262 2462 y Fp(6)p 290 -2432 V -17 w(6)p 248 2432 V 259 2408 a FD(0)303 2462 y Fp(7)p -331 2432 V -17 w(7)p 290 2432 V 292 2408 a Fy(C)345 2462 y -Fp(8)p 373 2432 V -17 w(8)p 331 2432 V 342 2408 a FD(1)668 -2462 y Fp(16)p 705 2432 V -316 w(9)p 373 2432 V 529 2408 a -FD(0)1457 2462 y Fp(35)p 1494 2432 V -781 w(17)p 705 2432 V -945 2405 a FD(Ph)o(ysical)g(Address)0 2621 y(where)i(bits)f(17{26)f(are)i -(the)f(ph)o(ysical)g(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(the)i(pager)f(supplies)h(for)e -Fu(E)r FD(,)h(bit)g(0)g(is)g(1)g(or)g(0)f(dep)q(ending)p eop -%%Page: 419 79 -419 78 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(419)150 195 y(on)13 b(whether)h(the)g(paging)e(is)g(done)i(in)e(user)i -(or)f(executiv)o(e)h(address)h(space,)e(and)g Fu(W)6 b FD(,)13 -b Fu(S)j FD(and)d Fu(C)i FD(are)f(the)f(page)g(use)150 245 -y(bits)h(from)f(the)i(mapping)d(as)j(explained)f(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g(\(the)h(1)g -(in)e(bit)i(2)f(represen)o(ts)j Fu(A)p FD(\).)j(If)14 b(the)h(page)f(is)g -(inaccessible,)150 295 y(A)o(C)f(receiv)o(es)i(the)f(giv)o(en)f(virtual)f -(address)j(in)e(place)g(of)g(a)g(ph)o(ysical)g(address;)h(the)g(w)o(ord)f -(also)g(includes)h Fu(U)k FD(and)13 b(a)150 345 y(1)h(in)f(bit)h(8,)f(but)h -(the)g(remaining)e(bits)i(are)g(all)f(zero.)150 430 y(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)g -(should)h(a)f(memory)e(error)j(o)q(ccur)h(during)e(access)i(to)e(the)h(page)g -(map,)d(A)o(C)i(receiv)o(es)i(a)f(hard)f(page)g(fail)150 480 -y(w)o(ord.)18 b(If)13 b(the)i(pager)f(is)g(o\013,)f(the)i(result)f(is)g -(unde\014ned.)150 565 y Fy(Notes.)37 b FD(The)21 b(instruction)g(cannot)f -(actually)g(fail,)g(b)q(ecause)i(regardless)f(of)f(what)g(happ)q(ens,)i(the)f -(page)f(fail)150 615 y(micro)q(co)q(de)15 b(returns)h(to)f(it)g(instead)g(of) -g(trapping)f(to)h(the)h(Monitor.)21 b(The)16 b(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(address)h -(calculation)d(done)150 665 y(for)g(it)f(could)h(fail)e(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er.)150 -817 y Fz(4.2.4)55 b(TOPS{20)19 b(P)n(aging)h(and)f(Pro)r(cess)f(T)-5 -b(ables)150 929 y FD(General)12 b(information)c(ab)q(out)k(the)g(mac)o(hine)f -(mo)q(des)g(and)g(paging)g(pro)q(cedures)j(is)d(giv)o(en)g(in)h -FB(x)p FD(1.4.)k(Here)d(w)o(e)f(treat)150 979 y(in)k(detail)g(the)h -(structure)i(of)d(the)h(pro)q(cess)i(tables)e(and)f(certain)h(hardw)o(are)g -(pro)q(cedures)i(|)d(paging)g(and)g(page)150 1029 y(failures)d(|)h(a)f(kno)o -(wledge)g(of)h(whic)o(h)f(is)h(necessary)i(for)d(an)g(understanding)i(of)e -(executiv)o(e)i(programmi)o(ng.)g(This)150 1079 y(section)h(co)o(v)o(ers)h -(these)g(topics)f(relativ)o(e)f(to)h(a)f(mac)o(hine)f(that)i(uses)h(the)f -(TOPS{20)g(Monitor.)1654 1064 y Fp(55)1712 1079 y FD(The)g(previous)150 -1129 y(section)g(presen)o(ts)h(equiv)n(alen)o(t)d(information)e(for)i(the)i -(TOPS{10)f(Monitor.)20 b(Instructions)d(through)e(whic)o(h)f(the)150 -1178 y(Monitor)e(con)o(trols)g(the)g(pager)g(and)g(otherwise)h(exercises)h(o) -o(v)o(erall)d(managemen)o(t)f(of)h(the)i(program)d(en)o(vironmen)o(t)150 -1228 y(are)k(the)h(same)e(whether)i(the)g(system)e(uses)i(TOPS{20)f(or)g -(TOPS{10,)f(and)h(are)g(describ)q(ed)i(in)d FB(x)q FD(4.2.5.)150 -1314 y(With)i(paging)f(turned)j(on,)e(the)h(program)e(considers)j(all)d(of)h -(its)h(dealings)f(with)g(memory)e(to)i(b)q(e)h(in)f(its)h(virtual)150 -1364 y(address)c(space,)g(and)f(in)o(terrupt)g(instructions)h(reference)h -(executiv)o(e)f(virtual)e(address)i(space.)18 b(A)11 b(virtual)f(address)150 -1413 y(is)16 b(an)o(y)g(address)i(giv)o(en)d(in)h(virtual)g(space)h(except)h -(those)f(for)f(fast)g(memory)m(,)d(whic)o(h)j(are)h(treated)h(as)e(ph)o -(ysical.)150 1463 y(The)j(pager)h(maps)d(only)h(virtual)g(addresses,)k(but)d -(it)g(is)g(in)o(v)o(olv)o(ed)e(in)i(all)e(references)22 b(to)d(the)g(exten)o -(t)h(that)f(it)150 1513 y(resp)q(onds)d(to)e(error)h(situations.)k(Ph)o -(ysical)14 b(references)j(include)d(those)h(made)e(b)o(y)h(the)h(micro)q(co)q -(de)f(to)g(carry)h(out)150 1563 y(the)f(mapping)e(pro)q(cedure,)j(retriev)o -(e)h(in)o(terrupt)e(instructions,)g(and)g(handle)g(traps,)g(halts)g(and)f -(UU0s.)969 1681 y Fz(NOTE)254 1772 y FD(Hardw)o(are)g(paging)g(op)q(erations) -g(are)h(inextricably)f(in)o(tert)o(wined)g(with)g(the)h(activities)f(of)g -(the)h(Mon-)254 1822 y(itor.)j(The)e(reader)g(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)h(familiar)d -(with)i(b)q(oth)h(to)g(b)q(e)g(able)g(to)g(understand)h(either)g(fully)m(.) -150 2035 y Fz(P)n(aging)150 2121 y FD(All)e(of)h(memory)d(b)q(oth)j(ph)o -(ysical)g(and)g(virtual)f(is)h(divided)f(in)o(to)h(pages)g(of)f(512)h(w)o -(ords)g(eac)o(h.)19 b(Ph)o(ysical)13 b(memory)150 2171 y(can)e(con)o(tain)g -(1024)f(pages;)i(its)f(lo)q(cations)f(are)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(19{bit)f -(addresses,)j(where)f(the)g(left)e(ten)i(bits)f(\(17{26\))150 -2221 y(sp)q(ecify)i(the)g(page)g(and)f(the)i(righ)o(t)e(nine)h(\(27{35\))e -(the)i(lo)q(cation)f(within)g(the)h(page.)18 b(The)13 b(virtual)f(memory)e -(space)150 2270 y(addressable)17 b(b)o(y)e(a)g(program)f(is)i(512)e(pages)i -(and)g(uses)g(18{bit)f(addresses,)j(where)e(the)g(left)g(nine)f(bits)h -(\(18{26\))150 2320 y(are)i(the)g(page)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)28 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)17 b(for)g(compatibilit)o(y)d(with)j(extended)i(pro)q -(cessors,)h(the)e(TOPS{20)f(paging)150 2370 y(system)d(regards)i(the)f -(virtual)f(page)h(as)f(comp)q(osed)h(of)f(sections,)h(eac)o(h)g(of)f(512)g -(pages,)h(ev)o(en)g(though)g(the)g(KS10)150 2420 y(has)d(only)f(one)h(suc)o -(h)g(section,)g(and)g(its)f(virtual)g(addresses)j(ha)o(v)o(e)d(no)h(section)g -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)17 b(The)12 b(hardw)o(are)g(maps)e(the)150 -2470 y(one{section)h(virtual)f(address)i(space)f(in)o(to)f(a)h(part)f(of)g -(the)h(ph)o(ysical)f(address)i(space)g(b)o(y)e(transforming)f(the)i(18{bit)p -150 2504 720 2 v 181 2531 a Fo(55)214 2543 y Fn(F)m(or)g(additional)d -(information)g(on)j(the)g(kind)f(of)h(paging)f(emplo)o(y)o(ed)e(in)j(a)h -(TOPS{20)f(system,)f(refer)g(to)h(\\Storage)e(organizatio)o(n)150 -2582 y(and)k(managemen)n(t)e(in)i(TENEX",)i(b)o(y)f(Daniel)e(L.)i(Murph)o(y)m -(,)f(AFIPS)h(|)g(Conference)e(Pro)q(ceedings,)f(V)m(ol.)22 -b(41,)14 b(page)f(23,)g(AFIPS)150 2622 y(Press,)e(Mon)o(tv)n(ale,)e(NJ.)p -eop -%%Page: 420 80 -420 79 bop 0 50 a FD(420)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(addresses)f(in)o(to)d(19{bit)g(addresses.)564 -180 y Fp(56)618 195 y FD(In)h(this)g(transformation)e(the)i(righ)o(t)f(nine)h -(bits)g(of)f(the)i(virtual)d(address)k(are)0 245 y(not)d(altered;)i(in)e -(other)g(w)o(ords)h(a)f(giv)o(en)g(lo)q(cation)f(in)h(a)g(virtual)f(page)i -(is)f(the)h(same)e(lo)q(cation)g(in)h(the)h(corresp)q(onding)0 -295 y(ph)o(ysical)16 b(page.)26 b(The)17 b(translation)f(maps)f(a)i(virtual)e -(page)i(in)o(to)f(a)g(ph)o(ysical)g(page)h(b)o(y)f(substituting)h(a)f(10{bit) -0 345 y(ph)o(ysical)h(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(for)h(the)g(9{bit)f(virtual)g -(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)29 b(The)18 b(mapping)e(pro)q(cedure)k(is)d(carried) -i(out)0 394 y(automatically)10 b(b)o(y)j(the)g(pager,)h(but)f(the)g(page)h -(map)d(that)i(supplies)h(the)f(necessary)i(substitutions)f(is)f(set)h(up)f(b) -o(y)0 444 y(the)h(executiv)o(e)i(program.)0 530 y(P)o(oin)o(ters)d(to)g(the)h -(page)e(maps)g(for)h(the)g(user)h(and)f(executiv)o(e)h(virtual)e(address)i -(spaces)h(are)e(con)o(tained)g(in)f(section)0 580 y(tables)17 -b(that)f(b)q(egin)h(at)f(lo)q(cation)g(540)g(in)g(the)h(user)g(and)g -(executiv)o(e)g(pro)q(cess)i(tables.)26 b(But)17 b(in)f(the)h(KS10)f(eac)o(h) -0 629 y(section)h(table)g(has)f(only)g(one)h(en)o(try)g(\(for)f(section)h -(0\))f(at)h(lo)q(cation)e(540.)25 b(Tw)o(o)16 b(lo)q(cations)g(in)g(the)h -(register)h(\014le)0 679 y(are)c(used)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(Monitor)f(to)g(sp)q -(ecify)h(the)g(ph)o(ysical)f(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(of)g(the)h(pro)q(cess) -i(tables.)i(T)m(o)13 b(retriev)o(e)h(the)0 729 y(section)j(p)q(oin)o(ter)f -(from)e(a)i(pro)q(cess)i(table,)e(the)h(pager)f(uses)h(the)g(appropriate)f -(base)h(page)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(as)i(the)f(left)0 779 y(ten)h(bits)f(of)g -(the)h(ph)o(ysical)f(address)i(and)e(540)g(as)g(the)h(righ)o(t)f(nine)g -(bits.)26 b(The)17 b(section)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(m)o(ust)g(iden)o(tify)0 -829 y(|)f(either)i(directly)f(or)g(indirectly)f(|)h(a)f(ph)o(ysical)g(page)h -(that)g(con)o(tains)g(the)g(page)g(map.)22 b(Ev)o(ery)16 b(p)q(oin)o(ter)g -(and)0 878 y(mapping)9 b(tak)o(es)j(one)f(w)o(ord,)h(and)f(since)h(there)g -(are)g(512)f(pages)g(and)g(512)g(w)o(ords)h(in)e(a)h(page,)h(a)f(page)g(map)f -(requires)0 928 y(exactly)k(one)g(page.)0 1014 y(Figure)19 -b(4.9)e(sho)o(ws)j(the)f(detailed)f(organization)g(of)g(the)h(pro)q(cess)i -(tables)e(for)f(b)q(oth)h(user)h(and)e(executiv)o(e,)j(as)0 -1064 y(determined)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(hardw)o(are.)39 b(An)o(y)21 -b(table)g(lo)q(cations)f(not)g(used)i(are)f(reserv)o(ed)i(for)d(future)h(use) -h(b)o(y)e(the)0 1113 y(hardw)o(are)14 b(or)g(use)h(b)o(y)e(the)i(Monitor)e -(for)h(soft)o(w)o(are)g(functions.)0 1199 y(Although)g(the)h(virtual)f(space) -h(is)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(256K)g(b)o(y)g(virtue)h(of)f(the)h(addressing)g -(capabilit)o(y)e(of)h(the)h(instruction)0 1249 y(and)f(indirect)g(w)o(ord)f -(formats,)f(the)i(Monitor)g(usually)f(limits)e(the)j(actual)g(address)h -(space)g(for)e(a)g(giv)o(en)h(program)0 1299 y(b)o(y)i(de\014ning)g(only)f -(certain)h(pages)h(as)f(accessible.)26 b(There)17 b(is)f(no)f(requiremen)o(t) -h(that)g(the)h(accessible)g(space)g(b)q(e)0 1348 y(con)o(tin)o(uous)e(|)g(it) -g(can)h(b)q(e)g(scattered)i(pages.)23 b(The)16 b(Monitor)f(also)f(sp)q -(eci\014es)k(whether)f(eac)o(h)f(page)f(is)g(writable)0 1398 -y(or)g(not)h(and)f(cac)o(heable)i(or)e(not.)522 1383 y Fp(57)580 -1398 y FD(T)m(o)g(determine)g(the)h(mapping)e(for)h(a)g(giv)o(en)g(virtual)g -(page,)g(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)0 1448 y(carries)h(out)g(a)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)h -(ev)n(aluation)e(pro)q(cedure)j(that)f(starts)g(with)f(the)h(section)h(p)q -(oin)o(ter.)26 b(If)16 b(it)g(is)g(disco)o(v)o(ered)0 1498 -y(during)g(this)f(pro)q(cedure)j(that)e(the)h(page)e(is)h(inaccessible,)h -(the)f(page)g(map)e(or)i(the)h(referenced)h(page)e(is)g(not)f(in)0 -1548 y(memory)m(,)e(or)i(the)i(program)d(is)h(attempting)f(to)i(write)g(in)f -(a)g(write{protected)j(page,)d(the)i(micro)q(co)q(de)e(traps)h(to)0 -1597 y(the)h(Monitor,)g(whic)o(h)f(m)o(ust)g(handle)g(the)h(situation.)26 -b(A)17 b(trap)g(to)f(the)h(Monitor)f(for)h(a)f(reason)h(of)f(this)h(sort)g -(is)0 1647 y(pro)q(duced)f(b)o(y)f(generating)g(a)f(\\soft)h(page)f -(failure.")20 b(But)c(if)e(nothing)g(is)g(amiss,)g(the)h(pro)q(cedure)i(is)e -(carried)g(out)0 1697 y(en)o(tirely)f(b)o(y)g(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)f(|)f -(with)h(no)g(need)h(to)f(call)g(the)g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(|)g(and)g(it)g -(generates)i(the)e(mapping)e(for)0 1747 y(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(virtual)d -(page.)17 b(The)c(pro)q(cedure)h(requires)g(access)g(to)e(the)h(page)f(map,)e -(to)i(a)g(memory)e(status)j(table)0 1797 y(in)i(whic)o(h)h(the)g(micro)q(co)q -(de)f(k)o(eeps)i(trac)o(k)f(of)f(the)h(use)g(made)f(of)g(the)h(page)g(map)e -(and)h(the)h(program{referenced)0 1847 y(page,)d(and)g(p)q(erhaps)i(to)e -(other)h(prede\014ned)h(or)e(soft)o(w)o(are{de\014ned)h(tables)g(as)f(w)o -(ell.)k(If)c(the)h(complete)f(pro)q(cedure)0 1896 y(w)o(ere)j(carried)g(out)f -(in)g(ev)o(ery)h(instance,)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(w)o(ould)e(require)h(at)f -(least)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(memory)d(references)18 b(for)0 1946 y(ev)o(ery)g(one)f -(b)o(y)g(the)h(program.)26 b(T)m(o)16 b(a)o(v)o(oid)g(this,)i(eac)o(h)f -(mapping)e(generated)j(b)o(y)f(the)h(pro)q(cedure)h(is)e(placed)g(in)0 -1996 y(a)f(page)h(table,)g(and)f(the)h(pager)g(mak)o(es)e(its)i -(virtual{to{ph)o(ysical)e(translations)h(from)f(the)i(mappings)e(held)h(in)0 -2046 y(the)g(table.)175 2031 y Fp(58)232 2046 y FD(Hence)h(it)e(is)g -(necessary)j(to)d(go)g(through)g(the)h(ev)n(aluation)e(pro)q(cedure)j(only)e -(when)h(the)f(reference)0 2096 y(cannot)f(b)q(e)h(made)e(from)f(the)j(page)f -(table.)k(Since)d(the)g(ob)r(jectiv)o(e)f(of)g(the)h(pro)q(cedure)h(is)e(to)f -(place)i(a)f(mapping)d(in)0 2145 y(the)j(table,)g(it)f(is)h(referred)i(to)d -(as)h(a)g(\\page)g(re\014ll.")0 2231 y FA(P)o(age)h(T)l(able)e -FD(A)h(lo)q(cation)f(in)g(the)i(page)f(table)g(con)o(tains)f(a)h(mapping)e -(en)o(try)i(in)g(this)g(format.)1509 2216 y Fp(59)p 0 2266 -720 2 v 31 2292 a Fo(56)64 2304 y Fn(The)i(mapping)e(pro)q(cedure)f(is)k(of)f -(course)f(applied)f(only)h(to)h(storage)f(mo)q(dule)f(references,)h(whether)g -(cac)o(hed)g(or)h(not.)29 b(A)o(C)0 2344 y(references,)13 b(whic)o(h)i(can)f -(b)q(e)g(made)g(b)o(y)h(an)o(y)f(program,)f(ev)o(en)h(when)h(virtual)e(page)h -(0)h(is)g(accessible,)e(are)i(made)e(directly)g(to)i(fast)0 -2383 y(memory)9 b(and)i(require)f(no)h(mapping.)31 2411 y Fo(57)64 -2423 y Fn(Again)f(for)h(consistency)e(with)j(extended)d(pro)q(cessors,)g(the) -i(Monitor)f(can)h(mak)o(e)f(the)h(section)f(\(i.e.,)g(the)h(whole)g(virtual)f -(space\))0 2462 y(inaccessible,)e(un)o(writable)i(or)h(uncac)o(heable)o(,)e -(but)i(is)g(rather)f(unlik)o(ely)f(to)i(do)g(so.)31 2490 y -Fo(58)64 2502 y Fn(In)f(the)g(ev)n(aluations)e(the)i(micro)q(co)q(de)e(do)q -(es)i(carry)g(out,)g(it)h(generally)d(do)q(es)i(not)g(need)g(to)g(access)g(a) -h(pro)q(cess)e(table)h(for)g(a)h(section)0 2541 y(p)q(oin)o(ter,)e(as)j(it)f -(k)o(eeps)f(copies)g(of)i(the)e(curren)o(t)g(p)q(oin)o(ters)f(in)j(the)e(w)o -(orkspace.)31 2569 y Fo(59)64 2581 y Fn(In)g(the)h(engineering)d(dra)o(wings) -h(and)i(ev)o(en)f(in)h(some)f(Monitor)f(do)q(cumen)o(ts,)g(the)h -Fh(M)16 b Fn(bit)11 b(is)g(lab)q(eled)e(\\writeable",)g(whic)o(h)i(name)0 -2620 y(is)g(consisten)o(t)f(with)h(its)g(use)g(with)g(the)g(TOPS{10)g -(Monitor.)p eop -%%Page: 421 81 -421 80 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(421)357 160 y Fz(Figure)18 b(4.9:)25 b(KS10)18 b(TOPS{20)h(Pro)r(cess)g -(T)-5 b(able)18 b(Con\014guration)150 2655 y Fq(HRMF-KSTWENPTC.TEX)p -233 2541 831 2 v 232 2540 2 2159 v 1229 2541 831 2 v 1228 2540 -2 2159 v 233 382 831 2 v 1062 2540 2 2159 v 1229 382 831 2 -v 2059 2540 2 2159 v 413 341 a Fz(User)g(Pro)r(cess)g(T)-5 -b(able)464 b(Executiv)n(e)16 b(Pro)r(cess)i(T)-5 b(able)168 -2530 y Fn(777)943 b(777)204 413 y(0)978 b(0)245 767 y(Reserv)o(ed)168 -1077 y(420)p 233 1088 831 2 v 168 1119 a(421)245 1118 y(User)11 -b(Arithmetic)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(T)m(rap)g(Instruction)p 233 -1130 V 168 1160 a(422)23 b(User)11 b(Pushdo)o(wn)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(T)m -(rap)g(Instruction)p 233 1171 V 168 1202 a(423)245 1201 y(User)g(T)m(rap)h(3) -f(T)m(rap)g(Instruction)p 233 1213 V 168 1243 a(424)23 b(MUUO)13 -b(Flags)208 b(MUUO)13 b(Op)f(Co)q(de,)f(A)p 647 1253 2 42 v -233 1254 831 2 v 168 1285 a(425)245 1288 y(MUUO)i(Old)f(PC)p -233 1296 V 168 1326 a(426)245 1329 y(E)g(of)f(MUUO)p 233 1337 -V 168 1368 a(427)245 1371 y(MUUO)i(Pro)q(cess)d(Con)o(text)h(W)m(ord)p -233 1379 V 168 1409 a(430)23 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(No)j(T)m(rap)f(MUUO)i(New)g -(PC)p 233 1420 V 168 1451 a(431)245 1450 y(Executiv)o(e)c(T)m(rap)i(MUUO)j -(New)e(PC)p 233 1462 V 168 1492 a(432)245 1495 y(Reserv)o(ed)p -233 1503 V 168 1534 a(433)245 1537 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 233 1545 -V 168 1575 a(434)23 b(User)11 b(No)h(T)m(rap)f(MUUO)j(New)e(PC)p -233 1586 V 168 1617 a(435)245 1616 y(User)f(T)m(rap)h(MUUO)h(New)f(PC)p -233 1628 V 168 1658 a(436)p 233 1877 V 168 1866 a(477)245 1763 -y(Reserv)o(ed)p 233 1918 V 168 1907 a(500)23 b(P)o(age)11 b(F)m(ail)g(W)m -(ord)168 1949 y(501)23 b(P)o(age)11 b(F)m(ail)g(Flags)p 233 -1960 V 168 1990 a(502)23 b(P)o(age)11 b(F)m(ail)g(Old)g(PC)p -233 2001 V 168 2032 a(503)23 b(P)o(age)11 b(F)m(ail)g(New)h(PC)p -233 2043 V 168 2073 a(504)168 2302 y(537)245 2188 y(Reserv)o(ed)p -233 2313 V 168 2343 a(540)245 2346 y(User)f(Section)f(0)h(P)o(oin)o(ter)p -233 2354 V 168 2385 a(541)245 2458 y(Reserv)o(ed)1241 497 y(Reserv)o(ed)1182 -538 y(41)p 1229 548 V 1182 579 a(42)p 1229 631 V 1241 597 a(Priorit)o(y)f(In) -o(terrupt)f(Instructions)1182 621 y(57)1182 662 y(60)p 1229 -756 V 1241 704 a(Reserv)o(ed)1165 745 y(100)p 1229 797 V 1165 -787 a(101)1241 786 y(Adapter)h(1)i(In)o(terrupt)d(T)m(able)i(P)o(oin)o(ter)p -1229 839 V 1165 828 a(102)1241 831 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 1229 881 -V 1165 870 a(103)1241 869 y(Adapter)f(3)i(In)o(terrupt)d(T)m(able)i(P)o(oin)o -(ter)1165 911 y(104)1165 1077 y(420)1241 995 y(Reserv)o(ed)p -1229 1088 V 1165 1119 a(421)1241 1118 y(Executiv)o(e)e(Arithmetic)h(Ov)o -(er\015o)o(w)h(T)m(rap)g(Instruction)p 1229 1130 V 1165 1160 -a(422)22 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(Pushdo)o(wn)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)i(T)m(rap)f -(Instruction)p 1229 1171 V 1165 1202 a(423)1241 1201 y(Executiv)o(e)e(T)m -(rap)j(3)f(T)m(rap)g(Instruction)p 1229 1213 V 1165 1243 a(424)1165 -2302 y(537)1241 1773 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 1229 2313 V 1165 2343 -a(540)1241 2346 y(Executiv)o(e)e(Section)h(0)h(P)o(oin)o(ter)p -1229 2354 V 1165 2385 a(541)1241 2458 y(Reserv)o(ed)p eop -%%Page: 422 82 -422 81 bop 0 50 a FD(422)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)p 672 275 457 2 v 672 175 V 671 274 2 100 v -1127 274 V 670 238 a Fy(M)p 712 274 V 8 w(C)p 754 274 V 816 -214 a FD(Ph)o(ysical)f(P)o(age)767 263 y(Address)i(Bits)g(17{26)0 -386 y(Eac)o(h)h(en)o(try)h(is)e(iden)o(ti\014ed)h(as)g(pro)o(viding)f(the)i -(ph)o(ysical)e(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(for)g(the)i(translation)e(for)h(a)f -(particular)0 436 y(virtual)e(page.)18 b(The)c(prop)q(erties)i(represen)o -(ted)g(b)o(y)e(1s)g(in)f(the)i(t)o(w)o(o)e(\\page)h(use")g(bits)g(are)h(as)f -(follo)o(ws.)25 519 y Fy(Bit)49 b(Me)n(aning)16 b(of)f(a)g(1)g(in)g(the)g -(Bit)34 604 y(M)59 b FD(Mo)q(di\014ed)16 b(|)e(and)h(therefore)i(writable)e -(without)g(further)h(ado.)22 b(A)15 b(re\014ll)g(pro)q(duces)130 -654 y(a)g(1)g(in)g(this)g(bit)g(if)f(the)i(page)f(has)h(already)f(b)q(een)h -(mo)q(di\014ed)e(or)h(the)h(reference)h(that)130 704 y(caused)g(the)e -(re\014ll)g(is)g(for)g(write)g(and)g(the)h(page)f(is)g(writable.)21 -b(A)15 b(0)g(do)q(es)h(not)f(imply)130 754 y(that)c(the)h(page)e(is)h -(write{protected,)i(but)d(simply)f(that)i(if)f(a)g(write)h(reference)i(o)q -(ccurs,)130 804 y(the)k(pager)f(m)o(ust)f(\014nd)h(out)g(if)f(it)g(can)i(b)q -(e)f(written.)25 b(Throughout)15 b(this)h(discussion,)130 853 -y(\\write)h(reference")i(means)c(an)o(y)h(reference)j(in)o(v)o(olving)14 -b(writing;)j(\\read)f(reference")130 903 y(means)e(read)g(only)m(.)38 -953 y Fy(C)62 b FD(Cac)o(heable.)0 1072 y(The)10 b(page)g(table)g(has)g(512)g -(lo)q(cations,)f(one)h(for)g(eac)o(h)h(virtual)e(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)16 -b(Besides)11 b(a)f(mapping)e(for)h(the)i(virtual)0 1122 y(page)16 -b(that)g(iden)o(ti\014es)g(it,)g(eac)o(h)g(lo)q(cation)f(has)h(a)g(parit)o(y) -f(bit,)h(a)g(bit)f(that)h(indicates)h(whether)g(the)f(mapping)e(is)0 -1172 y(for)k(user)i(or)e(executiv)o(e)h(address)h(space,)g(and)e(a)g(bit)h -(that)f(indicates)h(whether)g(the)g(en)o(try)g(is)g(v)n(alid.)30 -b(A)18 b(zero)0 1222 y(mapping)13 b(is)i(p)q(erfectly)h(v)n(alid,)d(but)i(a)g -(lo)q(cation)f(is)h(lab)q(eled)g(as)g(con)o(taining)f(no)h(v)n(alid)e -(mapping)g(b)o(y)i(clearing)g(it,)0 1272 y(th)o(us)f(clearing)g(the)g(v)n -(alid)f(bit.)0 1357 y(When)j(the)h(program)e(references)k(a)d(page)g(whose)h -(mapping)d(en)o(try)j(is)f(tagged)g(as)g(v)n(alid)f(and)h(in)g(the)h(program) -0 1407 y(address)g(space,)g(the)g(10{bit)e(ph)o(ysical)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)777 -1392 y Fp(60)827 1407 y FD(from)g(the)h(mapping)e(for)h(the)i(virtual)e(page) -h(is)g(used)g(as)g(the)0 1457 y(left)d(ten)h(bits)g(in)f(the)h(ph)o(ysical)f -(address)i(for)e(the)h(memory)d(reference)16 b(\(pro)o(vided)e(of)f(course)i -(that)e(the)h(reference)0 1507 y(is)g(allo)o(w)o(able)d(according)j(to)g(the) -g Fu(M)19 b FD(bit\).)f(If)13 b(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)h(the)h(en)o(try)f(is)g(in)o -(v)n(alid)d(or)j(is)g(not)f(in)h(the)g(correct)i(address)0 -1556 y(space,)e(or)f(the)g(reference)j(is)d(for)f(writing)h(and)f -Fu(M)18 b FD(is)13 b(0,)f(the)i(pager)f(do)q(es)h(a)f(re\014ll)g(to)f(get)i -(or)f(revise)h(the)f(mapping)0 1606 y(for)18 b(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g -(virtual)e(page)g(from)f(the)i(page)g(map.)31 b(The)19 b(result)g(of)f(the)i -(re\014ll)e(is)h(placed)g(in)f(the)h(table)0 1656 y(unless)14 -b(the)g(reference)h(fails)d(b)q(ecause)j(the)f(page)f(is)g(inaccessible)i(or) -e(the)h(program)d(is)i(attempting)f(to)h(write)h(in)e(a)0 1706 -y(protected)k(page.)0 1845 y Fz(P)n(age)j(Re\014ll)0 1931 y -FD(The)c(re\014ll)g(of)f(a)g(mapping)f(in)o(to)h(the)h(page)g(table)f(is)h -(accomplished)f(b)o(y)g(ev)n(aluating)g(v)n(arious)g(t)o(yp)q(es)h(of)f(p)q -(oin)o(ters)0 1980 y(found)h(in)h(sev)o(eral)g(kinds)g(of)f(tables.)25 -b(A)o(t)16 b(some)f(p)q(oin)o(t)g(in)h(the)g(pro)q(cedure)i(the)f(micro)q(co) -q(de)e(m)o(ust)g(encoun)o(ter)i(a)0 2030 y(\\age)12 b(address")h(that)g(iden) -o(ti\014es)g(the)g(page)f(map)f(for)h(the)h(section,)f(and)h(it)f(m)o(ust)f -(end)i(with)f(a)g(page)g(address)i(that)0 2080 y(iden)o(ti\014es)i(the)h(ph)o -(ysical)e(page)h(corresp)q(onding)h(to)f(the)g(referenced)j(virtual)c(page.) -24 b(A)16 b(page)g(address)h(has)f(this)0 2130 y(format.)p -0 2291 997 2 v 0 2191 V 212 2320 a Fp(17)p 248 2290 2 100 v --242 w(12)p -1 2290 V 56 2230 a FD(Storage)50 2279 y(Medium)419 -2320 y Fp(22)p 456 2290 V -200 w(18)p 248 2290 V 272 2255 a -FD(Reserv)o(ed)959 2320 y Fp(35)p 995 2290 V -532 w(23)p 456 -2290 V 603 2251 a FD(P)o(age)e(Num)o(b)q(er)0 2479 y(If)e(bits)g(12{17)e(are) -j(zero,)f(the)h(storage)f(medium)d(is)j(memory:)j(i.e.,)c(bits)h(23{35)e -(supply)i(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g(a)h(page)1765 2464 y -Fp(61)p 0 2514 720 2 v 31 2541 a Fo(60)64 2553 y Fn(Actually)e(table)g(lo)q -(cations)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(elev)o(en)g(bits)h(for)g(ph)o(ysical)e(n)o(um)o(b)q -(ers,)h(but)g(the)h(most)f(signi\014can)o(t)f(is)j(not)e(used.)31 -2581 y Fo(61)64 2592 y Fn(All)i(p)q(oin)o(ters)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g(pro)o(vision)g -(for)h(13-bit)f(ph)o(ysical)f(page)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)e(\(as)i(in)h(the)f -(KL10\),)g(but)g(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)d(uses)j(only)g(the)p -eop -%%Page: 423 83 -423 82 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(423)150 195 y(that)15 b(is)h(in)f(memory)m(.)k(If)c(bits)h(12{17)e(are)h -(nonzero,)h(the)g(page)g(exists)g(but)f(is)h(stored)g(on)f(some)g(other)h -(medium)150 245 y(|)e(p)q(erhaps)h(the)g(disk)f(|)g(and)g(the)h(micro)q(co)q -(de)f(traps)h(to)f(the)h(Monitor.)k(A)c(page)f(address)i(ma)o(y)c(b)q(e)j -(con)o(tained)150 295 y(in)e(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter,)g(in)f(whic)o(h)h(case)h -(some)f(of)f(the)i(bits)f(at)g(its)g(left)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(de\014ned)h(uses.)19 -b(But)14 b(when)g(the)g(page)f(address)150 345 y(stands)i(alone,)e(bits)g -(0{11)g(of)h(the)g(w)o(ord)g(con)o(taining)f(it)g(can)h(b)q(e)h(used)g -(arbitrarily)d(b)o(y)i(the)h(soft)o(w)o(are.)150 430 y(Sp)q(ecial)f(T)m -(ables.)j(Besides)f(the)e(section)h(tables)f(in)f(the)i(pro)q(cess)g(tables,) -f(a)g(re\014ll)f(mak)o(es)g(use)i(of)e(t)o(w)o(o)g(prede\014ned)150 -480 y(tables:)18 b(the)d(sp)q(ecial)f(page{address)g(table)g(\(SPT\))g(and)g -(the)g(\(core\))h(memory)d(status)i(table)g(\(CST\).)f(These)j(are)150 -530 y(soft)o(w)o(are{determined)g(tables)g(in)f(memory)m(,)e(but)j(their)g -(base)g(addresses)i(are)e(held)g(in)f(the)i(w)o(orkspace,)f(rather)150 -580 y(than)e(in)f(the)i(register)g(\014le)f(lik)o(e)f(those)h(of)g(the)g(pro) -q(cess)i(tables.)1148 564 y Fp(62)150 665 y FD(The)g(sp)q(ecial)g -(page{address)h(table)e(con)o(tains)h(page)g(addresses)h(that)f(sp)q(ecify)g -(shared)h(pages)f(or)g(sp)q(ecial)g(pages)150 715 y(\(e.g.)26 -b(those)18 b(used)f(as)g(page)f(maps)g(or)g(other)i(soft)o(w)o(are{de\014ned) -f(tables\).)27 b(The)17 b(micro)q(co)q(de)f(accesses)j(sp)q(eci\014c)150 -765 y(en)o(tries)i(in)e(the)i(SPT)f(b)o(y)f(indexing)h(on)f(the)i(ph)o -(ysical)e(base)h(address)i(\(bits)e(17{35\).)34 b(The)21 b(p)q(oin)o(ter)f -(format)150 815 y(pro)o(vides)13 b(for)g(an)g(index)g(of)g(eigh)o(teen)h -(bits,)e(so)i(the)f(SPT)h(can)f(actually)f(b)q(e)i(as)f(large)g(as)g(256K)g -(\(and)g(it)g(need)h(not)150 864 y(start)h(on)e(a)h(page)g(b)q(oundary\).)150 -950 y(Information)f(ab)q(out)i(the)h(use)h(made)d(b)o(y)h(programs)f(of)h -(the)h(v)n(arious)f(ph)o(ysical)g(pages)g(is)h(k)o(ept)f(in)g(the)h(memory) -150 1000 y(status)11 b(table.)17 b(In)10 b(ev)o(ery)i(re\014ll,)e(the)h -(micro)q(co)q(de)f(up)q(dates)i(CST)e(en)o(tries)h(for)g(b)q(oth)f(the)h -(page)g(con)o(taining)e(the)i(page)150 1050 y(map)i(and)i(the)h(page)f -(referenced)j(b)o(y)c(the)i(program.)k(The)15 b(en)o(try)h(for)f(a)g(page)g -(is)g(a)f(full)g(w)o(ord,)h(and)g(is)g(accessed)150 1099 y(b)o(y)i(adding)g -(the)h(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(to)i(the)g(base)g(address.)30 -b(If)17 b(memory)e(is)j(fully)e(implemen)o(ted)f(at)j(1024)e(pages,)150 -1149 y(the)g(CST)f(o)q(ccupies)i(t)o(w)o(o)e(of)g(them,)f(but)i(need)g(not)g -(b)q(egin)f(on)g(a)g(page)h(b)q(oundary)m(.)22 b(Note)16 b(that)f(the)h -(micro)q(co)q(de)150 1199 y(do)q(es)h(not)f(manipulate)e(CST)j(en)o(tries)g -(for)f(the)h(pro)q(cess)h(tables,)f(the)g(SPT,)f(nor)g(the)h(CST)f(itself,)g -(unless)h(they)150 1249 y(are)e(actually)f(referenced)j(b)o(y)d(the)h -(program)e(|)h(in)g(other)h(w)o(ords,)g(unless)g(the)h(re\014ll)e(is)g(b)q -(eing)h(p)q(erformed)f(for)g(a)150 1299 y(program)e(reference)17 -b(to)c(one)h(of)g(the)g(tables.)150 1384 y(The)g(status)h(of)e(a)h(ph)o -(ysical)f(page)h(in)g(memory)d(is)j(indicated)g(b)o(y)f(a)h(CST)g(en)o(try)g -(in)g(this)g(format.)p 150 1533 1495 2 v 149 1532 2 75 v 150 -1458 1495 2 v 1644 1532 2 75 v 274 1544 2 13 v 398 1544 V 523 -1544 V 647 1544 V 772 1544 V 896 1553 2 21 v 1021 1544 2 13 -v 1145 1544 V 1270 1544 V 1394 1544 V 1519 1544 V 495 1562 -a Fp(8)p 523 1532 2 75 v -350 w(0)p 149 1532 V 236 1509 a FD(State)g(Co)q(de) -1566 1562 y Fp(34)p 1602 1532 V -1064 w(9)p 523 1532 V 982 -1509 a FD(Reserv)o(ed)1607 1562 y Fp(35)p 1644 1532 V -34 w(35)p -1602 1532 V 1601 1509 a Fy(M)150 1684 y FD(The)h(Monitor)f(k)o(eeps)h(a)g -(state)g(co)q(de)g(in)f(bits)h(0{8)e(of)h(the)h(en)o(try)m(.)20 -b(State)15 b(co)q(des)h(smaller)d(than)h(10)g(\(i.e.,)f(bits)i(0{5)150 -1734 y(b)q(eing)g(zero\))h(cause)g(an)f(age)g(trap)h(to)f(the)g(Monitor.)22 -b(Other)16 b(co)q(des)g(represen)o(t)i(the)d(page)g(age,)g(whic)o(h)g(m)o -(ust)f(b)q(e)150 1783 y(greater)19 b(than)e(7)g(for)h(the)g(page)f(to)h(b)q -(e)g(usable,)g(whether)h(it)e(is)g(the)i(program{referenced)f(page)f(or)h -(the)g(page)150 1833 y(map.)242 1818 y Fp(63)297 1833 y FD(The)e(micro)q(co)q -(de)e(up)q(dates)j(the)e(en)o(try)h(b)o(y)f(anding)f(a)h(CST)g(mask)f(w)o -(ord)h(in)o(to)f(it)h(and)g(oring)f(a)h(pro)q(cess)150 1883 -y(use)e(w)o(ord)g(in)o(to)e(that)i(result.)18 b(These)c(t)o(w)o(o)e(w)o(ords) -h(are)f(also)g(held)h(in)f(the)h(w)o(orkspace.)18 b(Bits)13 -b(32{35)e(in)h(them)g(m)o(ust)150 1933 y(b)q(e)j(all)d(1s)i(or)g(all)f(0s)h -(as)g(illustrated)f(in)h(order)g(to)g(preserv)o(e)i(hardw)o(are)e -(information.)p 150 2106 1495 2 v 149 2105 2 75 v 150 2031 -1495 2 v 1644 2105 2 75 v 274 2118 2 13 v 398 2118 V 523 2118 -V 647 2118 V 772 2118 V 896 2126 2 21 v 1021 2118 2 13 v 1145 -2118 V 1270 2118 V 1394 2118 V 1519 2118 V 1441 2135 a Fp(31)p -1478 2105 2 75 v -1313 w(0)p 149 2105 V 766 2082 a FD(Mask)744 -2194 y(CST)g(Mask)f(W)m(ord)1607 2135 y Fp(35)p 1644 2105 V --158 w(32)p 1478 2105 V 1489 2081 a FD(1)20 b(1)h(1)f(1)p 150 -2277 720 2 v 150 2316 a Fn(righ)o(t)10 b(ten)h(bits.)181 2343 -y Fo(62)214 2355 y Fn(Remem)o(b)q(er)g(that)i(all)g(memory)f(tables)h -(de\014ned)f(b)o(y)h(the)h(pager)e(are)h(in)h(ph)o(ysical)e(address)g(space.) -22 b(i.e.,)14 b(they)e(ha)o(v)o(e)h(ph)o(ysical)150 2395 y(base)e(addresses.) -k(Of)e(course,)e(to)g(load)g(or)h(access)f(a)h(table,)f(the)g(Monitor)g(m)o -(ust)g(use)h(paged)f(virtual)f(addresses.)15 b(Note)d(that)f(if)h(the)150 -2434 y(base)f(address)e(is)j(limited)e(to)h(a)g(page)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(\(bits)g(17{26\),)g(the)h(table)f(m)o(ust)g(b)q(egin)g(at)h(a)h(page)e(b)q -(oundary)m(.)181 2462 y Fo(63)214 2474 y Fn(Zero)g(age)g(usually)g(means)g -(the)h(page)f(is)h(b)q(eing)f(sw)o(app)q(ed)g(in)h(and)g(is)g(not)g(y)o(et)f -(a)o(v)n(ailable)f(for)i(reference.)i(The)e(Monitor)f(can)h(use)150 -2513 y(part)f(of)i(a)f(CST)h(en)o(try)f(to)g(record)f(whic)o(h)h(pro)q -(cesses)e(use)i(the)g(page.)p eop -%%Page: 424 84 -424 83 bop 0 50 a FD(424)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)p 0 279 1495 2 v -1 278 2 75 v 0 204 1495 2 -v 1494 278 2 75 v 124 291 2 13 v 248 291 V 373 291 V 497 291 -V 622 291 V 746 299 2 21 v 871 291 2 13 v 995 291 V 1120 291 -V 1244 291 V 1369 291 V 1291 308 a Fp(31)p 1328 278 2 75 v --1313 w(0)p -1 278 V 380 251 a FD(Age)g(Data)f(&)i(Other)g(Information)583 -367 y(Pro)q(cess)h(Use)e(W)m(ord)1457 308 y Fp(35)p 1494 278 -V -158 w(32)p 1328 278 V 1339 254 a FD(0)20 b(0)h(0)f(0)0 509 -y(A)d(1)g(in)g(the)g Fy(M)25 b FD(bit)16 b(indicates)i(the)g(page)f(has)g(b)q -(een)h(mo)q(di\014ed)e(since)i(b)q(eing)f(brough)o(t)g(in)o(to)g(memory)m(.) -1668 494 y Fp(64)1729 509 y FD(The)0 559 y(micro)q(co)q(de)e(sets)h(this)f -(bit)g(in)f(the)i(en)o(try)g(for)e(the)i(referenced)h(page)e(|)g(not)g(that)g -(for)g(the)g(page)g(map)f(|)g(if)g(the)0 609 y(reference)i(is)e(write)g(and)g -(the)g(page)g(is)g(writable.)0 694 y(Indirect)g(p)q(oin)o(ters)f(mak)o(e)f -(use)h(of)g(tables)g(whose)g(lo)q(cations)f(are)i(de\014ned)g(en)o(tirely)f -(b)o(y)f(the)i(Monitor.)j(In)c(a)f(single)0 744 y(re\014ll,)g(these)h(ma)o(y) -d(include)i(one)h(or)f(more)f(secondary)i(section)f(tables)h(or)f(page)g -(maps.)k(Eac)o(h)c(suc)o(h)h(table)f(or)g(map)0 794 y(is)h(determined)g(b)o -(y)g(a)f(page)h(address)i(and)d(a)h(9{bit)f(index,)h(and)g(is)g(therefore)h -(a)f(single)g(page.)k(Memory)12 b(status)i(is)0 844 y(k)o(ept)g(only)f(for)h -(the)g(page)g(maps.)0 929 y FA(P)o(oin)o(ters.)i FD(The)e(micro)q(co)q(de)g -(ev)n(aluates)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(kinds)g(of)f(p)q(oin)o(ters:)19 -b(section)c(p)q(oin)o(ters)g(and)f(map)e(p)q(oin)o(ters.)20 -b(The)0 979 y(former)c(are)i(used)g(in)e(section)i(tables)g(and)f(the)g -(latter)h(in)e(page)i(maps.)26 b(Mem)o(b)q(ers)17 b(of)g(these)h(t)o(w)o(o)f -(classes)i(are)0 1029 y(iden)o(tical)c(in)g(form)f(but)h(di\013er)h(enough)g -(in)f(function)g(so)h(they)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(treated)g(separately)m(.)24 -b(There)16 b(are)g(four)0 1079 y(t)o(yp)q(es)d(of)f(section)h(and)f(map)f(p)q -(oin)o(ters)i(distinguished)f(b)o(y)g(a)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(co)q(de)g(in)f(bits)g -(0{2;)g(of)f(these,)j(three)f(are)g(access)0 1128 y(p)q(oin)o(ters,)g(i.e.,)e -(they)i(allo)o(w)e(access)k(to)d(the)h(giv)o(en)f(section)i(or)e(page.)18 -b(An)13 b(access)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(has)f(this)h(format)e(in)h(its)0 -1178 y(left)i(sev)o(en)h(bits.)p 602 1343 291 2 v 601 1343 -2 75 v 892 1343 V 602 1269 291 2 v 697 1373 a Fp(2)p 726 1343 -2 75 v -100 w(0)p 601 1343 V 622 1315 a Fy(T)m(yp)n(e)780 1373 -y Fp(4)p 809 1343 V -17 w(4)p 767 1343 V 764 1319 a Fy(W)863 -1373 y Fp(6)p 892 1343 V -17 w(6)p 850 1343 V 853 1319 a Fy(C)0 -1532 y FD(Ev)o(ery)f(access)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(m)o(ust)e(ha)o(v)o(e)h(use)g -(bits)h(for)e(the)i(section)g(or)f(page)g(it)f(represen)o(ts.)21 -b(These)14 b(bits,)f Fy(W)21 b FD(and)13 b Fy(C)6 b FD(,)0 -1582 y(indicate)13 b(whether)h(the)g(section)g(or)f(page)g(is)g(writable)f -(or)h(cac)o(heable.)19 b(Throughout)13 b(the)g(ev)n(aluation)f(pro)q(cedure)0 -1632 y(the)17 b(micro)q(co)q(de)e(e\013ectiv)o(ely)i(ands)f(these)i(bits)e -(from)e(one)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(to)f(the)g(next,)h(so)f(the)h(\014nal)e(result) -i(requires)0 1681 y(that)c(the)g(giv)o(en)f(c)o(haracteristics)j(b)q(e)e(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(at)f(ev)o(ery)g(step.)19 b(In)13 b(other)g(w)o(ords)g(if)f(W)g -(is)h(1)f(in)g(the)i(\014nal)e(p)q(oin)o(ter)0 1731 y(for)j(the)h(mapping,)e -(the)i(page)f(is)h(writable)f(pro)o(vided)g(the)h(en)o(tire)h(section)f(w)o -(as)f(also)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(as)f(writable)f(b)o(y)0 1781 -y(the)e(original)e(section)i(p)q(oin)o(ter,)g(and)f(\\writabilit)o(y")f(has)h -(b)q(een)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)f(ev)o(ery)g(other)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g -(encoun)o(tered)0 1831 y(along)j(the)h(w)o(a)o(y)m(.)26 b(Ev)o(ery)17 -b(access)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)e(m)o(ust)f(also)g(either)i(con)o(tain)e(a)h(page)g -(address)h(or)f(p)q(oin)o(t)f(to)h(an)g(SPT)0 1881 y(lo)q(cation)c(that)h -(con)o(tains)g(a)f(page)h(address.)0 1966 y(Section)g(P)o(oin)o(ters.)19 -b(En)o(tries)c(in)e(a)h(section)g(table)g(are)g(of)g(these)h(four)e(t)o(yp)q -(es.)1208 1951 y Fp(65)p 249 2243 1495 2 v 248 2243 2 150 v -249 2094 1495 2 v 1743 2243 2 150 v 373 2255 2 13 v 497 2255 -V 622 2255 V 746 2255 V 871 2255 V 995 2263 2 21 v 1120 2255 -2 13 v 1244 2255 V 1369 2255 V 1494 2255 V 1618 2255 V 345 -2273 a(2)p 373 2243 2 150 v -100 w(0)p 248 2243 V 302 2180 -a FC(0)1706 2273 y Fp(35)p 1743 2243 V -1354 w(3)p 373 2243 -V 882 2177 a Ff(A)o(vailable)e(to)i(Softwar)n(e)0 2182 y Fy(No)i(A)n(c)n(c)n -(ess)0 2390 y FD(The)f(section)h(is)f(inaccessible.)p 0 2417 -720 2 v 31 2444 a Fo(64)64 2455 y Fn(A)o(t)f(the)f(completion)d(of)k(a)f(pro) -q(cess,)g(the)g(Monitor)f(c)o(hec)o(ks)g(the)h(CST)i(to)e(determine)e(whic)o -(h)i(pages)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)h(mo)q(di\014ed)e(and)0 2495 -y(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(rewritten)f(on)h(the)g(disk.)31 2523 y -Fo(65)64 2535 y Fn(T)o(yp)q(e)g(co)q(des)f(4{7)h(are)f(unde\014ned)f(and)i -(result)f(in)h(a)h(page)e(failure.)p eop -%%Page: 425 85 -425 84 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(425)150 322 y Fy(Imme)n(diate)p 399 383 1495 2 v 398 382 -2 150 v 399 233 1495 2 v 1893 382 2 150 v 523 394 2 13 v 647 -394 V 772 394 V 896 394 V 1021 394 V 1145 403 2 21 v 1270 394 -2 13 v 1394 394 V 1519 394 V 1644 394 V 1768 394 V 495 412 -a Fp(2)p 523 382 2 150 v -100 w(0)p 398 382 V 452 319 a FC(1)578 -412 y Fp(4)p 606 382 V -17 w(4)p 564 382 V 563 320 a Ff(W)661 -412 y Fp(6)p 689 382 V -17 w(6)p 647 382 V 651 320 a Ff(C)860 -412 y Fp(11)p 896 382 V -192 w(7)p 689 382 V 718 320 a FC(Reserv)o(ed)1109 -412 y Fp(17)p 1145 382 V -242 w(12)p 896 382 V 956 297 a Ff(Stor)n(age)951 -343 y(Me)n(dium)1317 412 y Fp(22)p 1353 382 V -201 w(18)p 1145 -382 V 1175 320 a FC(Reserv)o(ed)1856 412 y Fp(35)p 1893 382 -V -532 w(23)p 1353 382 V 1507 294 a Ff(Page)13 b(Numb)n(er)1508 -339 y(Of)h(Page)e(Map)150 530 y FD(If)h(bits)g(12{17)f(are)i(zero,)g(the)g -(page)f(map)f(is)h(in)g(the)h(page)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(bits)g(26{35.)k -(Otherwise)d(the)g(page)g(map)150 580 y(is)g(not)g(in)f(memory)m(.)150 -665 y(An)h(immediate)d(p)q(oin)o(ter)j(con)o(tains)g(the)g(page)g(address)h -(of)f(the)g(page)g(map.)p 399 942 1495 2 v 398 941 2 150 v -399 793 1495 2 v 1893 941 2 150 v 523 954 2 13 v 647 954 V -772 954 V 896 954 V 1021 954 V 1145 962 2 21 v 1270 954 2 13 -v 1394 954 V 1519 954 V 1644 954 V 1768 954 V 495 971 a Fp(2)p -523 941 2 150 v -100 w(0)p 398 941 V 452 879 a FC(2)578 971 -y Fp(4)p 606 941 V -17 w(4)p 564 941 V 563 879 a Ff(W)661 971 -y Fp(6)p 689 941 V -17 w(6)p 647 941 V 651 879 a Ff(C)1109 -971 y Fp(17)p 1145 941 V -441 w(7)p 689 941 V 843 880 a FC(Reserv)o(ed)1856 -971 y Fp(35)p 1893 941 V -740 w(18)p 1145 941 V 1242 853 a -Ff(Index)e(to)h(SPT)h(lo)n(c)n(ation)d(c)n(ontaining)1295 899 -y(Page)h(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(of)h(Page)g(Map)150 881 y Fy(Shar)n(e)n(d)150 -1089 y FD(The)h(page)g(address)h(of)f(the)g(page)g(map)e(is)i(in)f(the)i(SPT) -f(at)g(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d(bits)h(18{35.)150 -1175 y(This)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(is)f(used)i(for)e(a)g(page)g(map)f(shared)i(b)o -(y)g(a)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(pro)q(cesses.)29 b(Switc)o(hing)15 -b(to)i(another)g(map)150 1225 y(requires)e(c)o(hanging)e(only)g(the)i(common) -c(SPT)j(en)o(try)m(.)p 399 1502 1495 2 v 398 1501 2 150 v 399 -1352 1495 2 v 1893 1501 2 150 v 523 1513 2 13 v 647 1513 V -772 1513 V 896 1513 V 1021 1513 V 1145 1522 2 21 v 1270 1513 -2 13 v 1394 1513 V 1519 1513 V 1644 1513 V 1768 1513 V 495 -1531 a Fp(2)p 523 1501 2 150 v -100 w(0)p 398 1501 V 451 1440 -a FD(3)578 1531 y Fp(4)p 606 1501 V -17 w(4)p 564 1501 V 561 -1440 a Fy(W)661 1531 y Fp(6)p 689 1501 V -17 w(6)p 647 1501 -V 650 1440 a Fy(C)1109 1531 y Fp(17)p 1145 1501 V -358 w(9)p -772 1501 V 839 1420 a Fy(Se)n(ction)h(T)m(able)910 1461 y(Index)1856 -1531 y Fp(35)p 1893 1501 V -740 w(18)p 1145 1501 V 1173 1412 -a Fy(Index)g(to)g(SPT)g(lo)n(c)n(ation)g(c)n(ontaining)h(p)n(age)1217 -1461 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)e(of)h(A)o(nother)g(Se)n(ction)g(T)m(able)150 -1441 y(Indir)n(e)n(ct)150 1649 y FD(In)h(the)g(SPT)g(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d(bits)h(18{35)f(is)g(the)i(page)f(address)h(of)e(a)g -(secondary)i(section)g(table.)24 b(The)150 1698 y(next)14 b(section)h(p)q -(oin)o(ter)f(to)g(b)q(e)g(ev)n(aluated)g(is)g(in)f(that)h(table)g(at)g(the)g -(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f(bits)g(9{17.)150 1784 -y(Indirect)d(p)q(oin)o(ters)f(are)g(used)h(for)f(Monitor)f(reference)j(to)e -(p)q(er{job)g(and)g(prepro)q(cess)i(areas.)18 b(The)10 b(p)q(oin)o(ters)g -(remain)150 1834 y(while)j(the)i(second)g(section)f(table)g(is)g(sw)o(app)q -(ed)h(with)e(the)i(job)e(or)h(pro)q(cess,)h(or)f(the)g(SPT)h(en)o(try)f(is)g -(c)o(hanged.)150 1919 y Fy(Map)i(Pointers.)h FD(En)o(tries)e(in)f(a)f(page)h -(map)e(are)j(of)e(these)i(four)f(t)o(yp)q(es.)1260 1904 y Fp(65)p -399 2197 1495 2 v 398 2196 2 150 v 399 2047 1495 2 v 1893 2196 -2 150 v 523 2208 2 13 v 647 2208 V 772 2208 V 896 2208 V 1021 -2208 V 1145 2216 2 21 v 1270 2208 2 13 v 1394 2208 V 1519 2208 -V 1644 2208 V 1768 2208 V 495 2226 a(2)p 523 2196 2 150 v -100 -w(0)p 398 2196 V 452 2133 a FC(0)1856 2226 y Fp(35)p 1893 2196 -V -1354 w(3)p 523 2196 V 1032 2130 a Ff(A)o(vailable)d(to)i(Softwar)n(e)150 -2135 y Fy(No)i(A)n(c)n(c)n(ess)150 2344 y FD(The)f(page)g(is)g(inaccessible.) -p eop -%%Page: 426 86 -426 85 bop 0 50 a FD(426)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 322 y Fy(Imme)n(diate)p 249 383 1495 2 v -248 382 2 150 v 249 233 1495 2 v 1743 382 2 150 v 373 394 2 -13 v 497 394 V 622 394 V 746 394 V 871 394 V 995 403 2 21 v -1120 394 2 13 v 1244 394 V 1369 394 V 1494 394 V 1618 394 V -345 412 a Fp(2)p 373 382 2 150 v -100 w(0)p 248 382 V 302 319 -a FC(1)428 412 y Fp(4)p 456 382 V -17 w(4)p 414 382 V 413 320 -a Ff(W)511 412 y Fp(6)p 539 382 V -17 w(6)p 497 382 V 501 320 -a Ff(C)710 412 y Fp(11)p 746 382 V -192 w(7)p 539 382 V 568 -320 a FC(Reserv)o(ed)959 412 y Fp(17)p 995 382 V -242 w(12)p -746 382 V 806 297 a Ff(Stor)n(age)801 343 y(Me)n(dium)1167 -412 y Fp(22)p 1203 382 V -201 w(18)p 995 382 V 1025 320 a FC(Reserv)o(ed)1706 -412 y Fp(35)p 1743 382 V -532 w(23)p 1203 382 V 1357 294 a -Ff(Page)f(Numb)n(er)1367 339 y(for)g(Mapping)0 530 y FD(If)f(bits)g(12{17)f -(are)h(zero,)h(the)g(ph)o(ysical)e(page)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(bits)g -(26{35)f(corresp)q(onds)j(to)e(the)g(referenced)j(virtual)0 -580 y(page.)j(Otherwise)d(the)g(referenced)h(page)e(is)g(not)g(in)f(memory)m -(.)0 665 y(An)h(immediate)d(p)q(oin)o(ter)j(con)o(tains)g(the)g(page)g -(address)h(for)f(the)g(mapping.)p 249 942 1495 2 v 248 941 -2 150 v 249 793 1495 2 v 1743 941 2 150 v 373 954 2 13 v 497 -954 V 622 954 V 746 954 V 871 954 V 995 962 2 21 v 1120 954 -2 13 v 1244 954 V 1369 954 V 1494 954 V 1618 954 V 345 971 -a Fp(2)p 373 941 2 150 v -100 w(0)p 248 941 V 302 879 a FC(2)428 -971 y Fp(4)p 456 941 V -17 w(4)p 414 941 V 413 879 a Ff(W)511 -971 y Fp(6)p 539 941 V -17 w(6)p 497 941 V 501 879 a Ff(C)959 -971 y Fp(17)p 995 941 V -441 w(7)p 539 941 V 693 880 a FC(Reserv)o(ed)1706 -971 y Fp(35)p 1743 941 V -740 w(18)p 995 941 V 1092 853 a Ff(Index)e(to)h -(SPT)h(lo)n(c)n(ation)d(c)n(ontaining)1148 899 y(Page)i(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(for)h -(Mapping)0 881 y Fy(Shar)n(e)n(d)0 1089 y FD(The)19 b(page)f(address)i(for)e -(the)h(mapping)d(for)i(the)h(referenced)i(virtual)c(page)i(is)f(in)g(the)h -(SPT)g(at)f(the)h(lo)q(cation)0 1139 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)c(b)o(y)f(bits)g -(18{35.)0 1225 y(This)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(is)f(used)i(for)e(a)g(ph)o(ysical)g -(page)h(referenced)i(as)d(di\013eren)o(t)i(virtual)d(pages)i(b)o(y)f -(di\013eren)o(t)i(programs.)0 1274 y(The)e(Monitor)g(can)g(mo)o(v)o(e)e(the)j -(page)e(simply)f(b)o(y)i(c)o(hanging)f(the)i(SPT)f(en)o(try)m(.)p -249 1551 1495 2 v 248 1551 2 150 v 249 1402 1495 2 v 1743 1551 -2 150 v 373 1563 2 13 v 497 1563 V 622 1563 V 746 1563 V 871 -1563 V 995 1571 2 21 v 1120 1563 2 13 v 1244 1563 V 1369 1563 -V 1494 1563 V 1618 1563 V 345 1581 a Fp(2)p 373 1551 2 150 -v -100 w(0)p 248 1551 V 301 1489 a FD(3)428 1581 y Fp(4)p 456 -1551 V -17 w(4)p 414 1551 V 411 1490 a Fy(W)511 1581 y Fp(6)p -539 1551 V -17 w(6)p 497 1551 V 500 1490 a Fy(C)959 1581 y -Fp(17)p 995 1551 V -358 w(9)p 622 1551 V 718 1465 a Fy(Page)i(Map)760 -1515 y(Index)1706 1581 y Fp(35)p 1743 1551 V -740 w(18)p 995 -1551 V 1023 1462 a Fy(Index)f(to)g(SPT)g(lo)n(c)n(ation)g(c)n(ontaining)h(p)n -(age)1097 1511 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)e(of)h(A)o(nother)g(Page)g(Map)0 -1490 y(Indir)n(e)n(ct)0 1698 y FD(In)f(the)g(SPT)g(lo)q(cation)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(bits)h(18{35)f(is)g(the)h(page)g(address)h(of)e(a)h -(secondary)g(page)g(map.)i(The)e(next)0 1748 y(map)e(p)q(oin)o(ter)i(to)g(b)q -(e)h(ev)n(aluated)e(is)h(in)f(that)h(map)f(at)g(the)i(lo)q(cation)e(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f(bits)g(9{17.)0 1834 y FA(Re\014ll)f(Pro)q(cedure.)j -FD(If)d(the)g(page)g(table)g(lac)o(ks)g(a)f(v)n(alid)g(mapping)e(for)j(a)g -(reference,)i(the)e(pager)g(m)o(ust)f(ev)n(aluate)0 1884 y(section)17 -b(and)g(map)d(p)q(oin)o(ters)k(to)e(get)h(the)g(desired)g(mapping.)24 -b(The)17 b(pro)q(cedure)h(b)q(egins)f(with)f(the)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)e(for)0 -1933 y(the)h(section)f(from)f(the)h(pro)q(cess)i(table,)e(and)g(the)g(pager)h -(follo)o(ws)d(the)j(trail)e(laid)g(b)o(y)g(the)i(v)n(arious)e(p)q(oin)o -(ters,)i(as)0 1983 y(illustrated)10 b(in)g(Figure)g(4.10.)15 -b(A)o(t)c(an)o(y)e(step)i(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(traps)g(to)g(the)h(Monitor) -f(if)f(it)h(encoun)o(ters)i(a)e(no{access)0 2033 y(p)q(oin)o(ter)j(or)h(a)e -(page)i(address)g(that)f(indicates)h(the)f(page)h(is)f(not)g(in)f(memory)m(.) -j(The)f(\014rst)g(part)f(of)g(the)h(pro)q(cedure,)0 2083 y(whic)o(h)f(ma)o(y) -f(go)g(to)h(the)h(SPT)g(or)f(indirectly)g(through)h(it)f(to)g(other)h -(section)g(tables,)f(ev)n(aluates)g(section)h(p)q(oin)o(ters)0 -2133 y(to)g(arriv)o(e)g(at)g(the)g(page)g(address)h(of)f(the)g(page)g(map.)j -(Using)c(this)h(ph)o(ysical)g(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(as)h(the)h(left)e(ten) -i(bits)0 2183 y(of)f(an)g(address)h(and)g(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(the)h -(referenced)i(virtual)c(page)i(as)f(the)h(righ)o(t)f(nine)g(bits,)g(the)h -(second)h(part)0 2232 y(of)h(the)g(pro)q(cedure)j(retriev)o(es)e(a)f(map)f(p) -q(oin)o(ter)h(and)g(ev)n(aluates)h(it.)27 b(This)18 b(part)f(ma)o(y)e(also)i -(go)g(to)g(the)h(SPT)f(or)0 2282 y(indirectly)c(through)g(it)f(to)h(other)g -(page)g(maps)f(to)g(arriv)o(e)h(at)g(a)f(page)h(address)h(for)f(the)g -(mapping.)j(Unless)d(an)g(age)0 2332 y(trap)i(in)o(terv)o(enes,)h(memory)c -(status)k(is)f(up)q(dated)g(along)f(the)h(w)o(a)o(y)f(for)h(an)o(y)f(page)h -(maps)f(used.)22 b(If)14 b(the)h(reference)0 2382 y(can)e(b)q(e)g(made)f(and) -g(there)i(is)f(no)f(age)h(trap)g(for)f(the)h(referenced)i(page,)e(its)f -(status)i(is)e(up)q(dated)i(including)e(setting)0 2432 y(the)j(M)g(bit)f(if)g -(the)h(program)e(is)i(writing.)k(The)c(micro)q(co)q(de)f(then)h(constructs)i -(the)e(desired)h(mapping,)c(places)j(it)0 2481 y(in)e(the)i(page)f(table,)f -(and)h(returns)h(to)f(the)g(w)o(aiting)f(reference.)0 2567 -y(The)k(mapping)d(data)i(is)g(constructed)i(from)c(the)j(result)g(of)f(the)h -(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(ev)n(aluation,)f(including)g(the)i(running)0 -2617 y(ev)n(aluation)d(of)i(the)g(use)h(bits,)e(and)h(has)g(the)g(format)e -(illustrated)i(in)f(the)h(discussion)h(of)e(the)h(page)g(table.)24 -b(The)p eop -%%Page: 427 87 -427 86 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(427)346 160 y Fz(Figure)18 b(4.10:)24 b(TOPS{20)19 b(P)n(aging)g(P)n -(oin)n(ter)g(Ev)m(aluation)f(\(KS10\))1449 2617 y Fq(HRMF-KSTWENPPE.TEX)p -688 313 211 2 v 688 2223 2 1910 v 897 2223 V 688 2225 211 2 -v 759 304 a Fn(SPT)p 231 292 V 231 334 2 42 v 441 334 V 231 -336 211 2 v 335 292 108 2 v 335 334 2 42 v 355 323 a Fp(Base)p -441 334 V 335 336 108 2 v 441 315 250 2 v 648 314 a Fl(-)233 -365 y Fp(W)m(orkspace)233 405 y(Lo)q(cation)10 b(SBR)p 231 -832 211 2 v 231 1413 2 582 v 441 1413 V 231 1415 211 2 v 237 -748 a(Pro)q(cess)h(T)m(able)266 781 y(Executiv)o(e)284 813 -y(or)f(User)284 1047 y(Section)284 1079 y(P)o(oin)o(ter)461 -1148 y(Shared)461 1185 y(Section)461 1223 y(P)o(oin)o(ter)p -233 1132 208 2 v 233 1091 V 235 1120 a(2)p 253 1132 2 42 v -315 1132 V 338 1121 a(Index)172 1120 y(540)p 441 1112 84 2 -v 523 1111 2 623 v 524 489 167 2 v 648 488 a Fl(-)p 690 510 -208 2 v 690 468 V 710 509 2 42 v 713 498 a Fp(0)p 730 509 V -780 495 a(P)o(age)908 517 y(Address)908 477 y(P)o(age)p 897 -489 270 2 v 1126 488 a Fl(-)p 1083 488 2 63 v 1084 467 a(6)1084 -488 y(?)1051 396 y Fp(CST)1042 427 y Fc(\022\021)1042 344 y(\023\020)p -1165 487 211 2 v 1165 1069 2 582 v 1375 1069 V 1165 1071 211 -2 v 1198 475 a Fp(P)o(age)h(Map)p 1167 531 208 2 v 1167 489 -V 1169 518 a(0)p 1187 530 2 42 v -80 w(000)1386 490 y(No)1386 -523 y(Access)1386 553 y(T)m(rap)p 1167 655 208 2 v 1167 614 -V 1169 643 a(1)p 1187 654 2 42 v 4 w(0)p 1208 654 V 1257 641 -a(P)o(age)1106 643 y(173)1386 623 y(Immediate)1386 661 y(Map)g(P)o(oin)o(ter) -p 1375 634 187 2 v 1167 863 208 2 v 1167 821 V 1169 850 a(2)p -1187 862 2 42 v 1249 862 V 1272 851 a(Index)1106 850 y(401)1469 -772 y(Shared)1469 803 y(Map)1469 839 y(P)o(oin)o(ters)p 1375 -842 84 2 v 1457 841 2 146 v 648 697 810 2 v 647 696 2 84 v -648 614 42 2 v 648 613 a Fl(-)p 690 634 208 2 v 690 593 V 710 -634 2 42 v 713 622 a Fp(1)p 730 634 V 908 592 a(Not)g(in)908 -622 y(Memory)908 655 y(T)m(rap)p 1167 821 208 2 v 1167 780 -V 1169 809 a(2)p 1187 820 2 42 v 1249 820 V 1272 810 a(Index)1106 -809 y(400)p 1375 800 42 2 v 1415 800 2 63 v 607 738 810 2 v -606 1132 2 395 v 607 1132 84 2 v 648 1131 a Fl(-)p 690 1153 -208 2 v 690 1112 V 710 1152 2 42 v 713 1141 a Fp(0)p 730 1152 -V 780 1139 a(P)o(age)908 1160 y(Address)908 1120 y(P)o(age)p -897 1132 748 2 v 1603 1131 a Fl(-)p 1643 1131 211 2 v 1643 -1712 2 582 v 1852 1712 V 1643 1714 211 2 v 1602 1132 2 63 v -1603 1111 a(6)1603 1132 y(?)1570 1040 y Fp(CST)1561 1070 y -Fc(\022\021)1561 987 y(\023\020)1713 1044 y Fp(Data)1728 1077 -y(for)1683 1109 y(P)o(age)g(400)1584 1390 y(162)p 1644 1402 -208 2 v 1644 1361 V 1656 1388 a(LSHC)f(1,{3)p 1167 966 V 1167 -925 V 1169 954 a(3)p 1187 966 2 42 v 8 w(007)p 1249 966 V 1272 -955 a(Index)1106 954 y(700)p 1375 946 42 2 v 1415 945 2 63 -v 648 883 768 2 v 647 966 2 84 v 648 966 42 2 v 648 965 a Fl(-)1427 -963 y Fp(Indirect)1427 993 y(Map)1427 1029 y(P)o(oin)o(ters)p -690 987 208 2 v 690 946 V 710 986 2 42 v 713 975 a(1)p 730 -986 V 908 944 a(Not)h(in)908 975 y(Memory)908 1008 y(T)m(rap)p -1167 1008 208 2 v 1167 966 V 1169 996 a(3)p 1187 1007 2 42 -v 8 w(204)p 1249 1007 V 27 w(Index)-246 b(701)p 1167 1049 208 -2 v 1167 1008 V 1169 1037 a(3)p 1187 1049 2 42 v 8 w(417)p -1249 1049 V 1272 1038 a(Index)1106 1037 y(702)p 1375 987 42 -2 v 1375 1029 V 1415 1194 2 208 v 607 1195 810 2 v 606 1609 -2 416 v 607 1610 84 2 v 648 1609 a Fl(-)p 690 1631 208 2 v -690 1589 V 710 1630 2 42 v 713 1618 a Fp(0)p 730 1630 V 780 -1616 a(P)o(age)908 1638 y(Address)908 1597 y(P)o(age)p 897 -1610 270 2 v 1126 1609 a Fl(-)p 1083 1609 2 63 v 1084 1588 -a(6)1084 1609 y(?)1051 1517 y Fp(CST)1042 1548 y Fc(\022\021)1042 -1465 y(\023\020)p 1165 1608 211 2 v 1165 2189 2 582 v 1375 -2189 V 1165 2191 211 2 v 1197 1556 a Fp(Secondary)1198 1594 -y(P)o(age)11 b(Map)p 1167 1942 208 2 v 1167 1900 V 1169 1930 -a(1)p 1187 1941 2 42 v 4 w(0)p 1208 1941 V 1257 1927 a(P)o(age)1106 -1930 y(417)1386 1910 y(Immediate)1386 1948 y(Map)g(P)o(oin)o(ter)p -1375 1921 270 2 v 1603 1920 a Fl(-)p 1561 1920 2 63 v 1561 -1900 a(6)1561 1920 y(?)1529 1829 y Fp(CST)1519 1859 y Fc(\022\021)1519 -1776 y(\023\020)p 1167 1817 208 2 v 1167 1776 V 1169 1805 a -Fp(1)p 1187 1817 2 42 v 4 w(1)p 1208 1817 V -101 w(204)1386 -1773 y(Not)f(in)1386 1803 y(Memory)1386 1836 y(T)m(rap)1105 -1858 y Fl(\003)-10 b(\027)1105 1900 y(C)g(W)951 1799 y Fp(P)o(age)11 -b(Map)951 1835 y(Indexes)951 1868 y(from)951 1901 y(Indirect)951 -1934 y(P)o(oin)o(ters)p 1643 384 211 2 v 1643 965 2 582 v 1852 -965 V 1643 967 211 2 v 1713 297 a(Data)1728 329 y(for)1683 -362 y(P)o(age)g(173)p 1561 634 2 250 v 1561 385 84 2 v 1603 -384 a Fl(-)p 1602 384 2 63 v 1603 364 a(6)1603 384 y(?)1570 -293 y Fp(CST)1561 323 y Fc(\022\021)1561 240 y(\023\020)1584 -788 y Fp(561)p 1644 800 208 2 v 1644 759 V 1656 786 a(ILDB)f(1,13)p -1643 1920 211 2 v 1643 2501 2 582 v 1852 2501 V 1643 2503 211 -2 v 1676 1830 a(P)o(age)g(Map)1728 1868 y(for)1683 1900 y(P)o(age)h(702)1661 -2011 y(Note:)41 b(this)1661 2044 y(is)14 b(also)f(P)o(age)1661 -2077 y(417,)38 b(Rela-)1661 2110 y(tiv)o(e)23 b(to)f(the)1661 -2143 y(Secondary)1661 2177 y(P)o(age)10 b(Map)1584 2407 y(667)p -1644 2419 208 2 v 1644 2378 V 1656 2405 a(MUL)g(2,1064)p 431 -1692 2 63 v 432 1671 a Fl(6)432 1692 y(?)399 1600 y Fp(CST)390 -1631 y Fc(\022\021)390 1548 y(\023\020)233 1692 y Fp(The)18 -b(sym)o(b)q(ol)54 b(denotes)18 b(a)233 1725 y(test)13 b(of)g(the)g(CST)g(en)o -(try)h(for)233 1758 y(the)23 b(page.)49 b(If)23 b(the)f(page)233 -1792 y(is)k(to)q(o)f(\\y)o(oung")f(an)i(age)233 1825 y(trap)20 -b(in)o(terv)o(enes.)44 b(Other-)233 1858 y(wise)11 b(the)g(CST)g(en)o(try)g -(is)h(up-)233 1891 y(dated)h(and)f(the)h(page)f(refer-)233 -1925 y(ence)f(is)h(made.)233 2024 y(P)o(ages)k(173,)i(400,)f(and)g(720)233 -2057 y(are)22 b(in)i(memory)m(.)51 b(P)o(ages)233 2091 y(000,)9 -b(401,)g(700,)g(and)h(701)e(are)233 2124 y(not;)h(an)o(y)g(reference)f(to)f -(them)233 2157 y(causes)k(a)g(page)f(fail)i(trap.)274 2429 -y(Virtual)269 2470 y(Address)75 b(Con)o(ten)o(ts)p 233 2482 -187 2 v 441 2482 167 2 v 233 2532 a(173561)441 2529 y(ILDB)10 -b(1,13)233 2573 y(400162)441 2571 y(LSHC)g(1,{3)233 2615 y(702667)441 -2612 y(MUL)g(2,1064)p eop -%%Page: 428 88 -428 87 bop 0 50 a FD(428)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(micro)q(co)q(de)g(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(places)h(a)g(1)f -(in)g(the)i(v)n(alid)d(bit)h(to)h(indicate)f(that)h(the)g(virtual)f(page)h -(is)f(accessible)i(and)f(this)0 245 y(is)h(a)g(v)n(alid)f(mapping)f(for)i -(it.)25 b Fu(C)19 b FD(is)e(simply)d(the)j(result)g(of)f(anding)f(the)i -Fu(C)i FD(bits)e(of)e(the)i(v)n(arious)f(p)q(oin)o(ters.)26 -b Fu(M)0 295 y FD(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)15 b(is)g(not.)20 b(A)15 -b(re\014ll)f(sets)i(up)f Fu(M)20 b FD(according)14 b(to)h(the)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h -(of)e(reference)j(and)d(the)i(c)o(haracteristics)g(of)e(the)0 -345 y(referenced)i(page.)346 427 y Fy(Cir)n(cumstanc)n(es)608 -412 y Fp(66)881 427 y Fy(M)336 b(E\013e)n(ct)157 513 y FD(Read)13 -b(reference,)j(page)e(not)g(writable.)110 b(0)57 b(An)14 b(attempt)g(to)f -(write)i(will)d(fail.)157 563 y(Read)f(reference,)j(page)d(writable)g(but)h -(not)157 613 y(y)o(et)i(mo)q(di\014ed)e(\(according)i(to)g(CST\).)890 -563 y(0)57 b(An)15 b(attempt)f(to)g(write)h(will)e(succeed,)j(af-)968 -613 y(ter)f(the)g(mapping)c(is)j(revised.)157 662 y(P)o(age)d(writable,)g -(write)g(reference)i(or)f(page)157 712 y(already)h(mo)q(di\014ed.)890 -662 y(1)57 b(Sets)16 b Fy(M)22 b FD(in)14 b(CST)g(en)o(try:)20 -b(an)15 b(attempt)f(to)968 712 y(write)h(will)d(succeed.)0 -855 y Fz(P)n(age)19 b(F)-5 b(ailure)0 941 y FD(When)19 b(for)g(an)o(y)f -(reason)i(the)f(pager)g(is)g(unable)g(to)g(mak)o(e)e(a)i(desired)h(memory)c -(reference,)22 b(an)d(ev)o(en)o(t)g(kno)o(wn)0 991 y(as)14 -b(a)g(\\page)g(failure")g(o)q(ccurs.)20 b(F)m(or)14 b(this)g(the)h(micro)q -(co)q(de)f(terminates)g(the)h(instruction)f(immediately)l(,)d(without)0 -1040 y(disturbing)g(PC)h(or)g(storing)f(an)o(y)g(results)i(in)e(memory)e(or)i -(the)i(accum)o(ulators,)d(and)i(executes)h(a)f(page)f(fail)f(trap.)1765 -1025 y Fp(67)0 1090 y FD(The)k(trap)f(op)q(eration)g(mak)o(es)f(use)i(of)f -(three)h(lo)q(cations)f(in)f(the)i(user)g(pro)q(cess)h(table:)j(it)13 -b(places)g(a)g(page)g(fail)f(w)o(ord)0 1140 y(in)f(lo)q(cation)f(500,)h(iden) -o(ti\014es)h(the)g(failed)e(state)j(of)d(the)i(pro)q(cessor)i(b)o(y)d -(placing)f(the)i(curren)o(t)h(\015ag{PC)e(doublew)o(ord)0 1190 -y(in)j(lo)q(cations)g(501)g(and)g(502,)f(sets)j(up)f(PC)f(according)h(to)f(a) -h(new)f(v)n(alue)g(in)g(lo)q(cation)g(503,)f(and)i(clears)g(the)g(\015ags)0 -1240 y(\(placing)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)g(in)f(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de\).)k(The) -15 b(pro)q(cessor)i(then)f(resumes)f(op)q(eration)g(in)f(the)i(new)f(state)0 -1289 y(at)e(the)h(lo)q(cation)e(no)o(w)h(addressed)i(b)o(y)e(PC.)g(The)g -(same)g(sequence)i(of)d(ev)o(en)o(ts)j(o)q(ccurs)f(if)f(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i -(p)q(erforms)0 1339 y(an)f(I/O)g(instruction)g(and)f(the)i(adapter)f(fails)f -(to)h(indicate)g(the)g(transfer)h(w)o(as)f(accomplished.)0 -1425 y(There)i(are)g(t)o(w)o(o)e(kinds)h(of)f(page)h(failures,)g(hard)g(and)f -(soft.)22 b(A)15 b(hard)g(failure)f(means)g(that)h(something)f(really)g(is)0 -1475 y(amiss,)h(whereas)i(a)e(soft)h(failure)f(generally)h(means)f(only)g -(that)h(the)g(program)f(requires)i(some)e(kind)g(of)h(service)0 -1524 y(from)10 b(the)i(Monitor.)17 b(A)12 b(hard)g(failure)f(is)h(indicated)f -(b)o(y)h(a)f(1)h(in)f(bit)h(1)f(of)g(the)i(page)e(fail)g(w)o(ord,)g(and)h -(the)g(particular)0 1574 y(failure)j(is)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d(a)h(co)q -(de)g(\(whic)o(h)g(is)f(therefore)j FB(\025)d FD(20\))g(in)g(bits)h(1{5)f -(There)i(are)f(three)h(suc)o(h)f(failures)g(of)0 1624 y(whic)o(h)g(t)o(w)o(o) -g(are)h(true)h(page)e(failures,)g(i.e.,)g(failures)g(in)o(v)o(olving)e -(memory)g(reference,)19 b(and)e(for)f(these)i(the)f(page)0 -1674 y(fail)12 b(w)o(ord)i(has)g(this)g(format.)p 0 1810 1495 -2 v -1 1809 2 75 v 0 1735 1495 2 v 1494 1809 2 75 v 124 1822 -2 13 v 248 1822 V 373 1822 V 497 1822 V 622 1822 V 746 1830 -2 21 v 871 1822 2 13 v 995 1822 V 1120 1822 V 1244 1822 V 1369 -1822 V 12 1839 a Fp(0)p 41 1809 2 75 v -17 w(0)p -1 1809 V -1 1786 a Fy(U)220 1839 y Fp(5)p 248 1809 V -183 w(1)p 41 1809 -V -54 x FD(36)g(or)g(37)303 1839 y Fp(7)p 331 1809 V -58 w(6)p -248 1809 V 280 1785 a FD(0)345 1839 y Fp(8)p 373 1809 V -17 -w(8)p 331 1809 V 335 1786 a Fy(P)668 1839 y Fp(16)p 705 1809 -V -316 w(9)p 373 1809 V 529 1785 a FD(0)1457 1839 y Fp(35)p -1494 1809 V -781 w(17)p 705 1809 V 1028 1786 a FD(Address)0 -1999 y(Whether)j(the)f(violation)e(o)q(ccurred)j(in)e(user)i(or)f(executiv)o -(e)g(address)h(space)g(is)f(indicated)f(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)i(b)o(y)f(a)f(1)0 -2048 y(or)i(0)f(in)g(bit)g(0;)i(and)e(a)g(1)h(or)f(0)g(in)h(bit)f(8)g -(indicates)h(whether)h(or)f(not)f(a)h(ph)o(ysical)f(address)h(w)o(as)g(giv)o -(en)f(for)g(the)0 2098 y(reference.)k(The)15 b(co)q(de)g(names)e(the)h -(particular)g(failure)f(as)h(follo)o(ws.)0 2166 y(36)70 b(Uncorrectable)18 -b(memory)d(error)i(|)g(in)f(a)g(pro)q(cessor)j(reference)g(the)e(memory)d -(con)o(troller)j(has)g(read)g(an)112 2216 y(incorrect)f(w)o(ord)f(from)e -(storage)i(and)g(w)o(as)g(unable)f(to)h(correct)h(it.)21 b(The)15 -b(pro)q(cessor)i(has)e(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(the)g(w)o(ord)112 2266 -y(in)f(A)o(C)f(0)h(and)g(A)o(C)f(1,)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(7,)g(and)h(has)g(set)h -(the)f(Bad)g(Memory)f(\015ag)h(\()p Fx(RD)o(APR)e FD(bit)i(28\).)0 -2351 y(37)70 b(Nonexisten)o(t)16 b(memory)c(|)i(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(has)d -(called)h(for)f(a)g(storage)h(reference)i(o)o(v)o(er)e(the)g(bus)g(but)g(the) -112 2401 y(memory)10 b(con)o(troller)j(did)f(not)h(resp)q(ond.)19 -b(This)12 b(error)i(also)e(sets)i(the)f(No)g(Memory)f(\015ag)g(\()p -Fx(RD)o(APR)f FD(bit)i(27\).)p 0 2438 720 2 v 31 2465 a Fo(66)64 -2476 y Fn(The)e(missing)f(circumstanc)o(e)f(pro)q(duces)g(a)i(page)g -(failure.)31 2504 y Fo(67)64 2516 y Fn(A)k(page)f(failure)f(that)h(o)q(ccurs) -g(during)f(an)h(in)o(terrupt)f(instruction)f(do)q(es)i(not)g(act)g(this)h(w)o -(a)o(y)m(.)25 b(Instead)13 b(the)i(pro)q(cessor)d(halts)0 2555 -y(\()p Fj(x)o Fn(4.2.7\).)p eop -%%Page: 429 89 -429 88 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(429)150 195 y(If)14 b(the)g(failure)f(co)q(de)i(is)f(20,)e(the)j(fail)d -(w)o(ord)i(instead)g(has)g(this)g(format)p 150 339 1495 2 v -149 339 2 75 v 150 265 1495 2 v 1644 339 2 75 v 274 351 2 13 -v 398 351 V 523 351 V 647 351 V 772 351 V 896 359 2 21 v 1021 -351 2 13 v 1145 351 V 1270 351 V 1394 351 V 1519 351 V 162 -369 a Fp(0)p 191 339 2 75 v -17 w(0)p 149 339 V 151 315 a Fy(U)370 -369 y Fp(5)p 398 339 V -183 w(1)p 191 339 V 275 315 a FD(20)453 -369 y Fp(7)p 481 339 V -58 w(6)p 398 339 V 430 315 a FD(0)495 -369 y Fp(8)p 523 339 V -17 w(8)p 481 339 V 492 315 a FD(1)536 -369 y Fp(9)p 564 339 V -17 w(9)p 523 339 V 534 315 a FD(0)569 -369 y Fp(10)p 606 339 V -34 w(10)p 564 339 V 575 315 a FD(1)652 -369 y Fp(12)p 689 339 V -75 w(11)p 606 339 V 638 315 a FD(0)694 -369 y Fp(13)p 730 339 V -34 w(13)p 689 339 V 692 315 a Fy(B)1607 -369 y Fp(35)p 1644 339 V -906 w(14)p 730 339 V 1074 312 a FD(I/O)g(Address) -150 528 y(and)e(indicates)h(a)f(nonexisten)o(t)h(I/O)g(register,)g(i.e.,)e -(an)i(I/O)f(instruction)h(ga)o(v)o(e)f(an)g(I/O)g(address)i(to)e(whic)o(h)h -(there)150 578 y(w)o(as)g(no)g(resp)q(onse.)20 b(A)13 b(1)g(in)f(bit)h(13)g -(indicates)g(a)g(b)o(yte)h(op)q(eration.)j(\(The)d(1s)f(in)g(bits)g(8)g(and)g -(10)g(mean)f(a)g(ph)o(ysical)150 628 y(reference)j(and)d(an)h(I/O)f(function) -g(on)g(the)i(bus.\))k(Note)13 b(that)f(this)h(is)f(not)g(an)h(I/O)f(page)h -(failure,)e(whic)o(h)i(is)f(a)g(true)150 677 y(\(memory\))g(page)i(failure)f -(and)g(causes)j(a)d(halt.)150 763 y(A)i(soft)g(failure)g(can)g(result)h(only) -e(from)g(actions)h(tak)o(en)g(in)g(a)g(re\014ll)g(or)g(writabilit)o(y)e(c)o -(hec)o(k)j(and)f(is)g(indicated)g(b)o(y)150 813 y(a)h(0)h(in)f(bit)g(1.)27 -b(This)16 b(means)g(either)h(an)g(attempt)f(to)g(write)h(in)g(a)f -(write{protected)j(page,)d(or)h(the)g(ev)n(aluation)150 863 -y(pro)q(cedure)c(encoun)o(tered)g(some)d(condition)g(b)q(ey)o(ond)h(whic)o(h) -g(it)g(could)f(not)h(go)g(|)f(a)h(no-access)h(p)q(oin)o(ter,)f(an)g(illegal) -150 912 y(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(co)q(de,)h(some)e(page)h(\(not)g(necessarily)h(the) -f(program{referenced)h(one\))f(not)g(in)g(memory)m(,)d(or)j(an)f(age)h(trap.) -150 962 y(The)16 b(fail)f(w)o(ord)g(still)g(con)o(tains)h(the)g -Fu(U)21 b FD(bit)15 b(and)h(the)g(virtual)f(address,)i(but)f(no)o(w)g(bits)g -(1{8)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g(one)h(of)g(these)150 1012 y(formats,)213 -1132 y(W)m(rite)e(Violation)p 524 1156 374 2 v 524 1081 V 523 -1155 2 75 v 896 1155 V 536 1186 a Fp(0)p 564 1155 V -17 w(0)p -523 1155 V 525 1132 a Fy(U)578 1186 y Fp(1)p 606 1155 V -17 -w(1)p 564 1155 V 575 1131 a FD(0)619 1186 y Fp(2)p 647 1155 -V -17 w(2)p 606 1155 V 617 1131 a FD(1)661 1186 y Fp(3)p 689 -1155 V -17 w(3)p 647 1155 V 659 1131 a FD(0)702 1186 y Fp(4)p -730 1155 V -17 w(4)p 689 1155 V 700 1131 a FD(0)744 1186 y -Fp(5)p 772 1155 V -17 w(5)p 730 1155 V 742 1131 a FD(1)785 -1186 y Fp(6)p 813 1155 V -17 w(6)p 772 1155 V 783 1131 a FD(0)827 -1186 y Fp(7)p 855 1155 V -17 w(7)p 813 1155 V 825 1131 a FD(0)868 -1186 y Fp(8)p 896 1155 V -17 w(8)p 855 1155 V 866 1131 a FD(1)998 -1132 y(Other)h(F)m(ailure)p 1271 1156 374 2 v 1271 1081 V 1270 -1155 2 75 v 1644 1155 V 1283 1186 a Fp(0)p 1311 1155 V -17 -w(0)p 1270 1155 V 1272 1132 a Fy(U)1325 1186 y Fp(1)p 1353 -1155 V -17 w(1)p 1311 1155 V 1323 1131 a FD(0)1366 1186 y Fp(2)p -1394 1155 V -17 w(2)p 1353 1155 V 1364 1131 a FD(0)1408 1186 -y Fp(3)p 1436 1155 V -17 w(3)p 1394 1155 V 1406 1131 a FD(0)1449 -1186 y Fp(4)p 1478 1155 V -17 w(4)p 1436 1155 V 1447 1131 a -FD(0)1491 1186 y Fp(5)p 1519 1155 V -17 w(5)p 1478 1155 V 1480 -1132 a Fy(T)1532 1186 y Fp(6)p 1561 1155 V -17 w(6)p 1519 1155 -V 1530 1131 a FD(0)1574 1186 y Fp(7)p 1602 1155 V -17 w(7)p -1561 1155 V 1572 1131 a FD(0)1615 1186 y Fp(8)p 1644 1155 V --17 w(8)p 1602 1155 V 1613 1131 a FD(1)150 1345 y(where)i(bit)e(8)g(is)h(the) -g(in)o(v)o(erse)g(of)f(bit)h(8)f(in)g(the)i(hard)e(case)i(\(1)e(means)g -(virtual\),)g(and)g Fy(T)21 b FD(indicates)16 b(the)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(of)150 -1395 y(reference)i(in)e(whic)o(h)g(the)g(failure)f(o)q(ccurred:)26 -b(0)17 b(for)f(a)h(read{only)g(reference,)i(1)e(for)f(an)o(y)h(reference)i -(in)o(v)o(olving)150 1444 y(writing.)38 b(A)20 b(0)h(in)f(bit)g(2)h(means)f -(the)h(ev)n(aluation)e(pro)q(cedure)k(w)o(as)e(incomplete.)37 -b(In)21 b(the)g(write)g(violation)150 1494 y(con\014guration,)c(the)h(1)f(in) -g(bit)f(2)h(means)g(the)h(pro)q(cedure)h(w)o(as)e(completed,)g(and)g(the)h(0) -e(in)h(bit)g(4)g(comes)g(from)150 1544 y(anding)c(the)h Fy(W)22 -b FD(bits)14 b(in)f(the)h(string)g(of)f(p)q(oin)o(ters.)19 -b(The)14 b(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)f(reference)j(p)q(er)f(se)f(implies)e(nothing)h -(ab)q(out)g(the)150 1594 y(cause)g(of)f(failure)g(|)g(it)g(indicates)g(only)g -(the)h(reason)g(the)g(failed)e(reference)k(w)o(as)d(b)q(eing)g(made.)17 -b(Of)12 b(course)i Fy(T)j FD(and)150 1644 y(bit)d(2)f(b)q(oth)h(b)q(eing)g(1) -g(implies)e(a)h(write)h(failure.)150 1729 y(F)m(or)i(a)f(page)h(fail)f(trap,) -h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(automatically)13 b(switc)o(hes)k(to)f(executiv)o(e)h -(mo)q(de.)23 b(After)17 b(rectifying)e(the)150 1779 y(situation,)10 -b(the)i(Monitor)e(ev)o(en)o(tually)g(returns)j(to)d(the)i(in)o(terrupted)g -(instruction,)f(whic)o(h)g(starts)g(o)o(v)o(er)g(again)f(from)150 -1829 y(the)i(b)q(eginning)g(or)g(from)e(the)i(stopping)g(p)q(osition)f(in)g -(a)h(m)o(ulti)e(part)i(instruction.)17 b(Ev)o(en)c(a)e(t)o(w)o(o{part)h -(instruction)150 1879 y(that)19 b(has)g(b)q(een)h(stopp)q(ed)f(b)o(y)g(a)f -(failure)g(in)h(the)g(second)h(part)f(is)f(redone)i(prop)q(erly)m(,)f(pro)o -(vided)g(the)g(Monitor)150 1928 y(restores)f(First)f(P)o(art)f(Done.)25 -b(The)16 b(mec)o(hanism)e(for)i(making)e(a)i(correct)h(return)h(and)e(the)g -(e\013ects)j(it)c(pro)q(duces)150 1978 y(on)e(a)f(BL)m(T)h(are)g(the)h(same)e -(as)h(for)g(an)f(in)o(terrupt,)i(and)e(are)i(describ)q(ed)h(under)e(the)h(sp) -q(ecial)f(considerations)g(giv)o(en)150 2028 y(at)18 b(the)g(end)h(of)e -FB(x)p FD(4.2.1.)29 b(Before)18 b(returning)h(to)f(the)g(failed)f -(instruction,)i(the)f(Monitor)f(m)o(ust)g(in)o(v)n(alidate)f(the)150 -2078 y(mapping)d(for)j(the)g(page)g(and)f(revise)i(the)f(p)q(oin)o(ters)h -(for)e(the)h(new)g(situation.)23 b(Then)17 b(when)f(the)g(instruction)g(is) -150 2128 y(restarted,)f(the)g(pager)f(will)e(do)i(a)g(re\014ll)f(to)h(get)g -(the)h(new,)e(correct)j(mapping.)150 2213 y(A)d(no{access)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f -(ma)o(y)d(imply)h(that)i(the)g(page)f(simply)f(do)q(es)j(not)e(exist.)18 -b(Otherwise)c(a)f(soft)f(failure)g(seldom)150 2263 y(implies)g(that)j(an)o -(ything)e(is)h(\\wrong.")19 b(Consider)c(a)f(t)o(ypical)f(case)i(where)h(the) -f(Monitor)f(has,)g(for)g(example,)e(ten)150 2313 y(or)g(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y)g -(pages)g(of)g(a)g(user)h(program)d(in)i(memory)m(.)i(When)e(the)h(user)g -(attempts)f(to)f(gain)h(access)h(to)f(a)g(page)g(that)150 2363 -y(is)h(not)g(there)h(\(i.e.,)e(for)g(whic)o(h)h(the)g(re\014ll)g(encoun)o -(ters)i(a)d(not{in{memory)e(page)j(address\),)h(the)f(Monitor)g(w)o(ould)150 -2412 y(resp)q(ond)h(to)e(the)h(failure)f(b)o(y)g(bringing)g(in)g(the)h -(needed)h(page)f(from)e(the)i(disk,)f(either)h(adding)f(to)h(the)g(user)g -(space,)150 2462 y(or)h(sw)o(apping)e(out)i(a)f(page)h(the)g(user)g(no)g -(longer)f(needs)i(or)e(has)h(not)f(used)i(recen)o(tly)m(.)j(Similarly)11 -b(a)i(pro)q(cess)i(using)150 2512 y(sev)o(eral)h(sections)h(ma)o(y)d(ha)o(v)o -(e)i(only)f(one)h(in)g(core)h(at)f(a)f(time.)23 b(While)15 -b(sw)o(apping)g(is)h(in)g(progress,)h(the)f(Monitor)150 2562 -y(runs)f(some)e(other)h(user.)19 b(returning)c(to)e(the)i(in)o(terrupted)g -(job)e(when)i(the)f(requested)i(page)e(is)g(a)o(v)n(ailable.)p -eop -%%Page: 430 90 -430 89 bop 0 50 a FD(430)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(The)j(same)e(situation)g(exists)i(for)f -(writabilit)o(y)m(.)22 b(Keeping)17 b(trac)o(k)f(of)g(mo)q(di\014ed)e(pages)j -(is)f(handled)g(b)o(y)f(the)i(re\014ll)0 245 y(pro)q(cedure)f(using)f(the)g -(memory)d(status)j(table.)20 b(But)15 b(a)g(page)f(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i -(write{protected)h(b)q(ecause)g(is)f(it)f(shared)0 295 y(b)o(y)f(a)h(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)e(of)h(pro)q(cesses,)j(wherein)e(a)g(c)o(hange)f(made)g(b)o(y)g(one)h -(migh)o(t)d(not)j(b)q(e)g(w)o(an)o(ted)f(b)o(y)h(the)g(others.)19 -b(Th)o(us)0 345 y(in)13 b(resp)q(onse)j(to)e(a)f(write)i(failure,)d(the)j -(Monitor)e(migh)o(t)f(mak)o(e)g(a)i(separate)h(writable)e(cop)o(y)h(of)g(the) -g(page)g(for)f(the)0 394 y(sole)h(use)h(of)e(the)h(pro)q(cess)i(that)e -(wishes)h(to)e(mo)q(dify)f(it.)0 534 y Fz(The)18 b(Map)i(Instruction)0 -619 y FD(It)c(is)g(often)g(helpful)g(for)g(the)g(Monitor)g(or)g(a)g -(debugging)g(pac)o(k)n(age)f(to)h(b)q(e)h(able)f(to)g(determine)g(ho)o(w)g -(the)h(pager)0 669 y(w)o(ould)f(resp)q(ond)i(to)f(a)f(particular)h(reference) -i(without)e(actually)f(c)o(hancing)h(a)f(page)h(failure.)26 -b(It)17 b(ma)o(y)e(also)h(b)q(e)0 719 y(useful)g(to)g(determine)g(where)h(a)f -(particular)g(virtual)f(page)h(is)g(in)g(ph)o(ysical)g(memory)m(.)21 -b(F)m(or)16 b(suc)o(h)h(purp)q(oses)g(the)0 769 y(pro)q(cessor)f(has)e(this)g -(instruction.)p 0 1017 1495 4 v 0 943 V -2 1016 4 75 v 1493 -1016 V 538 1016 V 579 1016 V 746 1016 V 12 1047 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 993 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)344 1047 y Fn(8)p 372 1016 V 24 w(9)441 993 y Fy(A)0 -909 y Fk(MAP)211 b(Map)18 b(an)h(Address)156 992 y FD(257)0 -1143 y(If)c(the)h(pager)f(is)h(on,)f(map)e(the)j(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of) -h(the)h(virtual)e(e\013ectiv)o(e)j(address)g Fy(E)j FD(and)15 -b(place)h(the)g(resulting)0 1193 y(ph)o(ysical)f(address)j(and)e(other)g(map) -e(data)i(in)g(A)o(C.)f(If)h(the)g(page)g(is)g(accessible,)h(the)g -(information)c(loaded)j(in)o(to)0 1242 y(A)o(C)e(is)g(of)f(the)h(form)p -0 1379 1495 2 v -1 1378 2 75 v 0 1304 1495 2 v 1494 1378 2 -75 v 124 1390 2 13 v 248 1390 V 373 1390 V 497 1390 V 622 1390 -V 746 1399 2 21 v 871 1390 2 13 v 995 1390 V 1120 1390 V 1244 -1390 V 1369 1390 V 12 1408 a Fp(0)p 41 1378 2 75 v -17 w(0)p --1 1378 V 1 1355 a Fy(U)54 1408 y Fp(1)p 82 1378 V -17 w(1)p -41 1378 V 52 1354 a FD(0)96 1408 y Fp(2)p 124 1378 V -17 w(2)p -82 1378 V 93 1354 a FD(1)137 1408 y Fp(3)p 165 1378 V -17 w(3)p -124 1378 V 123 1355 a Fy(M)179 1408 y Fp(4)p 207 1378 V -17 -w(4)p 165 1378 V 162 1355 a Fy(W)220 1408 y Fp(5)p 248 1378 -V -17 w(5)p 207 1378 V 218 1354 a FD(0)262 1408 y Fp(6)p 290 -1378 V -17 w(6)p 248 1378 V 259 1354 a FD(0)303 1408 y Fp(7)p -331 1378 V -17 w(7)p 290 1378 V 292 1355 a Fy(C)345 1408 y -Fp(8)p 373 1378 V -17 w(8)p 331 1378 V 342 1354 a FD(1)668 -1408 y Fp(16)p 705 1378 V -316 w(9)p 373 1378 V 529 1354 a -FD(0)1457 1408 y Fp(35)p 1494 1378 V -781 w(17)p 705 1378 V -945 1351 a FD(Ph)o(ysical)g(Address)0 1567 y(where)i(bits)f(17{26)f(are)i -(the)f(ph)o(ysical)g(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(the)i(pager)f(supplies)h(for)e -Fu(E)r FD(,)h(bit)g(0)g(is)g(1)g(or)g(0)f(dep)q(ending)0 1617 -y(on)i(whether)h(the)f(paging)f(is)g(done)h(in)g(user)h(or)e(executiv)o(e)i -(address)g(space,)g(and)f Fu(M)5 b FD(,)15 b Fu(W)22 b FD(and)16 -b Fu(C)i FD(are)e(page)g(use)0 1667 y(bits)e(resulting)g(from)e(the)j(p)q -(oin)o(ter)f(ev)n(aluation)f(pro)q(cedure)j(as)e(explained)f(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.) -18 b(If)c(the)h(page)f(is)f(inaccessible,)0 1717 y(A)o(C)g(receiv)o(es)i(the) -f(giv)o(en)f(virtual)f(address)j(in)e(place)g(of)g(a)g(ph)o(ysical)g -(address;)h(the)g(w)o(ord)f(also)g(includes)h Fu(U)k FD(and)13 -b(a)0 1766 y(1)h(in)f(bit)h(8,)f(but)h(the)g(remaining)e(bits)i(are)g(all)f -(zero.)0 1852 y(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)j(should)f(a)g(memory)e(error)j(o)q(ccur)g -(during)f(the)h(re\014ll,)f(A)o(C)h(receiv)o(es)h(a)e(hard)g(page)g(fail)f(w) -o(ord.)22 b(If)15 b(the)0 1902 y(pager)f(is)g(o\013,)f(the)i(result)f(is)g -(unde\014ned.)0 1987 y Fy(Notes)p FD(.)37 b(The)21 b(instruction)g(cannot)f -(actually)g(fail,)g(b)q(ecause)i(regardless)g(of)d(what)i(happ)q(ens,)h(the)f -(page)f(fail)0 2037 y(micro)q(co)q(de)15 b(returns)h(to)f(it)g(instead)g(of)g -(trapping)f(to)h(the)h(Monitor.)21 b(The)16 b(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(address)h -(calculation)d(done)0 2087 y(for)g(it)f(could)h(fail)e(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er.)0 -2239 y Fz(4.2.5)55 b(Memory)17 b(Managemen)n(t)0 2351 y FD(In)h(order)g(prop) -q(erly)g(to)g(manage)e(memory)m(,)f(the)j(executiv)o(e)h(program)d(m)o(ust)h -(select)i(the)f(kind)f(of)g(paging,)g(set)0 2401 y(up)e(pro)q(cess)h(tables)f -(and)g(page)f(maps)g(for)g(itself)g(and)h(the)g(v)n(arious)f(users,)i(o)o(v)o -(ersee)g(the)f(op)q(eration)g(of)f(the)h(page)0 2451 y(table,)e(and)h(select) -i(the)e(fast)g(memory)e(blo)q(c)o(k)h(to)h(b)q(e)h(used)g(b)o(y)e(eac)o(h)i -(program)d(\(usually)i(blo)q(c)o(k)f(0)h(for)g(itself)s(\).)k(A)o(t)0 -2501 y(an)o(y)13 b(giv)o(en)g(time,)f(accum)o(ulator,)g(index)i(register)h -(and)e(fast)h(memory)d(references)17 b(are)d(made)e(to)i(that)g(A)o(C)f(blo)q -(c)o(k)0 2551 y(that)i(is)f(assigned)i(as)e(\\curren)o(t.")22 -b(Giv)o(en)14 b(a)h(particular)f(pro)q(cessor)j(mo)q(de)d(and)g(an)h -(appropriate)f(pro)q(cess)j(table)0 2600 y(and)c(page)h(map,)e(the)i(Monitor) -f(e\013ectiv)o(ely)h(de\014nes)h(the)g(address)g(space)f(for)g(a)f(pro)q -(cess)i(\(whic)o(h)f(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(itself)s(\))p eop -%%Page: 431 91 -431 90 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(431)150 195 y(b)o(y)14 b(sp)q(ecifying)f(the)i(base)f(address)i(for)d -(the)i(pro)q(cess)g(table)f(and)g(selecting)g(the)h(curren)o(t)g(A)o(C)f(blo) -q(c)o(k.)150 281 y(When)d(a)f(user)h(program)e(calls)h(the)h(Monitor)f(it)g -(is)h(usually)e(to)i(request)h(some)d(activit)o(y)m(,)h(whic)o(h)g(ma)o(y)f -(often)h(require)150 330 y(the)15 b(executiv)o(e)g(to)g(gain)e(access)j(to)e -(the)h(user)h(address)g(space.)k(T)m(o)14 b(facilitate)f(the)i(crosso)o(v)o -(er)g(from)e(one)i(address)150 380 y(space)f(to)e(another,)h(the)h(same)e -(instruction)h(through)g(whic)o(h)f(the)i(Monitor)e(assigns)h(its)g(o)o(wn)f -(curren)o(t)j(A)o(C)d(blo)q(c)o(k)150 430 y(also)h(allo)o(ws)f(assignmen)o(t) -g(of)h(an)g(A)o(C)g(blo)q(c)o(k)h(for)f(the)h(\\previous{con)o(text")f(|)g -(i.e.,)f(the)i(con)o(text)g(of)f(the)h(pro)q(cess)150 480 y(that)e(made)f -(the)i(call.)k(This,)12 b(together)h(with)f(a)g(\015ag)g(that)h(indicates)f -(the)h(mo)q(de)e(of)h(the)h(caller,)f(allo)o(ws)f(execution)150 -530 y(of)k(instructions)i(in)e(the)i(previous{con)o(text)f(\(more)f(ab)q(out) -h(this)g(sub)r(ject)h(later\).)25 b(A)o(t)16 b(an)o(y)f(p)q(oin)o(t)g(in)h -(time,)e(the)150 580 y(previous{con)o(text)i(is)f(essen)o(tially)g(the)h -(circumstances)g(in)e(whic)o(h)h(the)h(previous)f(pro)q(cess)i(w)o(as)e -(running.)22 b(Note)150 629 y(that)16 b(the)h(previous{con)o(text)g(need)g -(not)f(b)q(e)h(the)f(user;)i(the)f(same)e(tec)o(hniques)j(can)e(b)q(e)h -(exploited)f(follo)o(wing)d(a)150 679 y(call)g(from)f(one)i(lev)o(el)g(of)f -(the)i(Monitor)e(to)h(another.)150 765 y(F)m(or)9 b(initial)f(setup,)j(the)f -(executiv)o(e)h(program)d(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)h(cognizan)o(t)g(of)f(certain)h -(fundamen)o(tal)d(c)o(haracteristics)12 b(that)150 815 y(can)f(v)n(ary)f -(from)e(one)j(system)f(to)h(another.)17 b(F)m(or)10 b(this)g(purp)q(ose)i -(the)f(instructions)g(for)f(basic)h(managemen)o(t)d(include)150 -864 y(not)16 b(only)g(those)h(that)f(con)o(trol)g(the)h(pager,)g(but)g(also)e -(one)i(that)f(addresses)j(the)e(pro)q(cessor)h(to)e(disco)o(v)o(er)h(what)150 -914 y(those)c(c)o(haracteristics)h(are.)j(The)c(\014rst)g(\014v)o(e)f(of)f -(the)i(follo)o(wing)d(instructions)i(are)h(for)e(either)i(kind)f(of)f -(paging;)g(the)150 964 y(remaining)f(eigh)o(t)h(are)h(solely)g(for)f -(handling)f(the)j(sp)q(ecial)f(registers)h(used)g(in)e(the)h(TOPS{20)g(p)q -(oin)o(ter)g(ev)n(aluation.)p 150 1213 1495 4 v 150 1138 V -148 1211 4 75 v 1643 1211 V 688 1211 V 729 1211 V 896 1211 -V 162 1243 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -1188 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 1105 y Fk(APRID)169 b(Arithmetic)19 -b(Pro)r(cesso)n(r)g(Identi\014catio)q(n)368 1187 y FD(70000)150 -1338 y(Read)14 b(the)i(micro)q(co)q(de)e(v)o(ersion)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)g(the) -h(pro)q(cessor)i(serial)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)g(and)g(a)g(listing)g(of)g(the)h -(fundamen)o(tal)150 1388 y(c)o(haracteristics)c(of)f(the)g(system)f(in)o(to)g -(lo)q(cation)g Fu(E)j FD(as)d(sho)o(wn.)17 b(A)o(t)10 b(presen)o(t)h(there)g -(are)f(no)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(or)h(hardw)o(are)150 1438 y(options.)p -150 1607 1495 2 v 149 1606 2 100 v 150 1507 1495 2 v 1644 1606 -2 100 v 274 1619 2 13 v 398 1619 V 523 1619 V 647 1619 V 772 -1619 V 896 1627 2 21 v 1021 1619 2 13 v 1145 1619 V 1270 1619 -V 1394 1619 V 1519 1619 V 495 1636 a Fp(8)p 523 1606 2 100 -v -350 w(0)p 149 1606 V 164 1567 a FD(Micro)q(co)q(de)15 b(Options)860 -1636 y Fp(17)p 896 1606 V -358 w(9)p 523 1606 V 542 1571 a -FD(Micro)q(co)q(de)g(V)m(ersion)984 1636 y Fp(20)p 1021 1606 -V -117 w(18)p 896 1606 V 901 1547 a Fn(Hardwr)922 1582 y(Opts)1607 -1636 y Fp(35)p 1644 1606 V -615 w(21)p 1021 1606 V 1109 1571 -a FD(Pro)q(cessor)h(Serial)d(Num)o(b)q(er)p 150 1951 1495 4 -v 150 1876 V 148 1949 4 75 v 1643 1949 V 688 1949 V 729 1949 -V 896 1949 V 162 1981 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)698 1926 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 1843 y Fk(WREBR)141 -b(W)n(rite)19 b(Executive)i(Base)d(Register)368 1925 y FD(70120)150 -2076 y(Set)f(up)g(the)g(system{orien)o(ted)f(c)o(haracteristics)j(of)d(the)h -(pager)f(according)h(to)f(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(conditions)e -Fu(E)j FD(as)150 2126 y(sho)o(wn.)p 150 2287 1495 2 v 149 2286 -2 100 v 150 2188 1495 2 v 1644 2286 2 100 v 398 2299 2 13 v -647 2299 V 896 2299 V 1145 2299 V 1394 2299 V 341 2316 a Fp(20)p -398 2286 2 100 v -200 w(18)p 149 2286 V 215 w(21)p 481 2286 -V -34 w(21)p 398 2286 V 410 2227 a Fn(T20)411 2262 y(P)o(ag)507 -2316 y Fp(22)p 564 2286 V -34 w(22)p 481 2286 V 492 2227 a -Fn(En)o(b)494 2262 y(P)o(ag)673 2316 y Fp(24)p 730 2286 V -117 -w(23)p 564 2286 V 962 w(35)p 1644 2286 V -864 w(25)p 730 2286 -V 971 2224 a FD(Executiv)o(e)14 b(Base)h(Address)1048 2268 -y(\(P)o(age)f(Num)o(b)q(er\))150 2476 y(Load)e(bits)h(25{35)f(in)o(to)g(bits) -h(16{26)f(in)g(the)i(executiv)o(e)g(base)f(register)h(\(EBR)f(in)g(the)g -(register)h(\014le\))f(to)g(select)h(the)150 2525 y(executiv)o(e)h(pro)q -(cess)h(table.)i(If)13 b(bit)h(22)g(is)f(1)h(enable)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g -(trapping)f(and)h(enable)g(the)h(pager)f(for)g(the)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(of)150 -2575 y(paging)c(selected)i(b)o(y)f(bit)g(21:)k(1)c(TOPS{20,)f(0)h(TOPS{10.)17 -b(A)12 b(0)g(in)f(bit)g(22)h(prev)o(en)o(ts)h(traps)f(and)g(disables)g -(paging)p eop -%%Page: 432 92 -432 91 bop 0 50 a FD(432)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(so)g(all)f(memory)e(references)17 -b(are)d(to)g(ph)o(ysical)f(lo)q(cations)g(unpaged.)1077 180 -y Fp(68)765 313 y Fz(CA)n(UTION)104 404 y FD(P)o(aging)k(can)i(b)q(e)g -(disabled)f(only)f(for)h(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de.)30 b(A)18 -b(user)i(mo)q(de)d(program)g(will)g(not)h(run)104 454 y(correctly)d(unless)g -(the)f(pager)g(is)g(turned)h(on.)0 608 y(In)o(v)n(alidate)e(the)h(en)o(tire)h -(cac)o(he)f(and)g(page)g(table)g(b)o(y)f(clearing)h(the)h(v)n(alid)d(bits)i -(in)f(all)g(en)o(tries.)p 0 857 1495 4 v 0 782 V -2 855 4 75 -v 1493 855 V 538 855 V 579 855 V 746 855 V 12 887 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 832 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)0 749 y Fk(RDEBR)153 b(Read)19 b(Executive)h(Base)e(Register)218 -831 y FD(70124)0 982 y(Read)d(the)i(system)e(status)h(of)f(the)i(pager)e(in)o -(to)g(the)h(righ)o(t)g(half)e(of)h(lo)q(cation)g(E.)g(The)h(information)d -(read)j(is)f(the)0 1032 y(same)e(as)h(that)g(supplied)g(b)o(y)g -Fx(WREBR)p FD(.)p 0 1281 1495 4 v 0 1206 V -2 1280 4 75 v 1493 -1280 V 538 1280 V 579 1280 V 746 1280 V 12 1311 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1256 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)0 1173 y Fk(WRUBR)135 b(W)n(rite)19 b(User)g(Base)f(Register)218 -1256 y FD(70114)0 1407 y(Set)13 b(up)g(the)h(pro)q(cess{orien)o(ted)h(elemen) -o(ts)e(of)f(the)h(pager)g(according)g(to)g(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(lo)q -(cation)f Fu(E)i FD(as)f(sho)o(wn.)p 0 1995 1495 2 v -1 1994 -2 187 v 0 1808 1495 2 v 1494 1994 2 187 v 248 2007 2 13 v 497 -2007 V 746 2007 V 995 2007 V 1244 2007 V 523 2024 a Fp(24)p -580 1994 2 187 v -532 w(18)p -1 1994 V 1377 w(35)p 1494 1994 -V -864 w(25)p 580 1994 V 868 1888 a FD(User)i(Base)g(Address)898 -1932 y(\(P)o(age)f(Num)o(b)q(er\))108 2024 y Fp(19)p 165 1994 -2 21 v -34 w(19)p 82 1994 V 49 w(20)p 248 1994 V -34 w(20)p -165 1994 V 49 w(21)p 331 1994 V -34 w(21)p 248 1994 V 49 w(22)p -414 1994 V -34 w(22)p 331 1994 V 49 w(23)p 497 1994 V -34 w(23)p -414 1994 V 215 w(26)p 746 1994 V -34 w(26)p 663 1994 V 49 w(27)p -829 1994 V -34 w(27)p 746 1994 V 49 w(28)p 912 1994 V -34 w(28)p -829 1994 V 49 w(29)p 995 1994 V -34 w(29)p 912 1994 V 49 w(30)p -1078 1994 V -34 w(30)p 995 1994 V 49 w(31)p 1161 1994 V -34 -w(31)p 1078 1994 V 49 w(32)p 1244 1994 V -34 w(32)p 1161 1994 -V 49 w(33)p 1328 1994 V -34 w(33)p 1244 1994 V 49 w(34)p 1411 -1994 V -34 w(34)p 1328 1994 V 0 1704 1495 2 v -1 1704 2 187 -v 0 1518 1495 2 v 1494 1704 2 187 v 248 1716 2 13 v 497 1716 -V 746 1716 V 995 1716 V 1244 1716 V 33 1734 a(0)p 82 1704 2 -187 v -17 w(0)p -1 1704 V 19 1586 a Fn(Sel)16 1622 y(A)o(C)15 -1657 y(Blk)116 1734 y Fp(1)p 165 1704 2 21 v -17 w(1)p 82 1704 -V 66 w(2)p 248 1704 2 187 v -17 w(2)p 165 1704 V 169 1569 a -Fn(Load)173 1604 y(User)171 1639 y(Base)168 1675 y(Addr)282 -1734 y Fp(3)p 331 1704 V -17 w(3)p 248 1704 V 66 w(4)p 414 -1704 V -17 w(4)p 331 1704 V 66 w(5)p 497 1704 V -17 w(5)p 414 -1704 V 232 w(8)p 746 1704 V -183 w(6)p 497 1704 V 562 1604 -a Fn(Curren)o(t)548 1639 y(A)o(C)f(Blo)q(c)o(k)614 1734 y Fp(7)p -663 1704 2 21 v -17 w(7)p 580 1704 V 307 w(11)p 995 1704 2 -187 v -192 w(9)p 746 1704 V 805 1604 a Fn(Previous)797 1639 -y(A)o(C)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)855 1734 y Fp(10)p 912 1704 2 21 v -34 -w(10)p 829 1704 V 132 w(12)p 1078 1704 V -34 w(12)p 995 1704 -V 49 w(13)p 1161 1704 V -34 w(13)p 1078 1704 V 49 w(14)p 1244 -1704 V -34 w(14)p 1161 1704 V 49 w(15)p 1328 1704 V -34 w(15)p -1244 1704 V 49 w(16)p 1411 1704 V -34 w(16)p 1328 1704 V 0 -2184 a FD(Bits)f(0)f(and)g(2)g(are)h(c)o(hange)g(indicators)f(for)g(parts)h -(of)f(the)h(data)f(w)o(ord:)17 b(when)12 b(a)f(bit)g(is)g(0,)g(the)h(corresp) -q(onding)h(part)0 2233 y(of)g(the)i(w)o(ord)f(is)f(ignored,)g(and)h(the)h -(equiv)n(alen)o(t)e(v)n(alue)g(supplied)h(b)o(y)g(a)f(previous)i -Fx(WRUBR)d FD(remains)h(in)h(e\013ect.)0 2319 y(If)h(bit)h(0)f(is)h(1,)f -(select)i(as)f(the)g(curren)o(t)i(and)d(previous{con)o(text)i(A)o(C)e(blo)q -(c)o(ks)h(those)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)e(bits)h(6{8)f(and)0 -2369 y(9{11,)g(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)26 b(If)16 b(bit)g(2)g(is)g(1,)f(load)h -(bits)g(25{35)f(in)o(to)g(bits)h(16{26)f(in)h(the)h(user)g(base)g(register)g -(\(UBR)f(in)0 2419 y(the)g(register)g(\014le\))f(to)g(select)h(the)g(user)g -(pro)q(cess)h(table,)d(and)h(in)o(v)n(alidate)e(the)j(en)o(tire)g(cac)o(he)g -(and)e(page)h(table)g(b)o(y)0 2468 y(clearing)f(the)g(v)n(alid)e(bits)i(in)g -(all)e(en)o(tries.)p 0 2503 720 2 v 31 2530 a Fo(68)64 2542 -y Fn(Note)f(that)f(disabling)f(the)i(pager)f(do)q(es)h(not)f(mean)g(there)g -(can)h(b)q(e)g(no)g(page)f(failures,)g(as)h(these)g(can)f(b)q(e)h(caused)f(b) -o(y)h(conditions)0 2581 y(ha)o(ving)f(nothing)f(to)i(do)g(with)h(paging,)d -(i.e.,)i(with)g(translating)e(virtual)g(to)j(ph)o(ysical)d(addresses.)p -eop -%%Page: 433 93 -433 92 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(433)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 75 v 1643 353 -V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 246 -y Fk(RDUBR)147 b(Read)19 b(User)f(Base)h(Register)368 329 y -FD(70104)150 480 y(Read)f(the)i(pro)q(cess)g(status)f(of)f(the)h(pager)g(in)o -(to)f(lo)q(cation)g(E.)g(The)h(information)d(read)j(is)f(the)i(same)d(as)i -(that)150 530 y(supplied)14 b(b)o(y)g(a)f Fx(WRUBR)g FD(\(bits)h(0)g(and)f(2) -h(are)g(1s\).)p 150 781 1495 4 v 150 706 V 148 779 4 75 v 1643 -779 V 688 779 V 729 779 V 896 779 V 162 811 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 756 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)150 673 y Fk(CLRPT)161 b(Clea)n(r)20 b(P)n(age)f(T)-5 b(able)20 -b(Entry)368 755 y FD(70110)150 906 y(In)o(v)n(alidate)d(the)i(page)f(table)g -(mapping)e(en)o(try)j(for)f(the)h(page)f(referenced)j(b)o(y)d -Fu(E)r FD(,)h(and)f(in)o(v)n(alidate)e(the)j(en)o(tire)150 -956 y(cac)o(he.)p 150 1197 1495 4 v 150 1122 V 148 1195 4 75 -v 1643 1195 V 688 1195 V 729 1195 V 896 1195 V 162 1227 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1172 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)150 1089 y Fk(WRSPB)143 b(W)n(rite)19 b(SPT)g(Base)f(Address)368 -1171 y FD(70240)150 1322 y(Load)13 b(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(lo)q(cation) -g Fu(E)j FD(in)o(to)d(the)i(SPT)f(base)g(register)h(in)f(the)g(w)o(orkspace.) -p 150 1571 1495 4 v 150 1497 V 148 1570 4 75 v 1643 1570 V -688 1570 V 729 1570 V 896 1570 V 162 1601 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1546 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)150 1463 y Fk(RDSPB)155 b(Read)19 b(SPT)f(Base)h(Address)368 -1546 y FD(70200)150 1697 y(Read)14 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)i(SPT)f -(base)g(register)i(in)o(to)d(lo)q(cation)g Fu(E)r FD(.)p 150 -1946 1495 4 v 150 1871 V 148 1944 4 75 v 1643 1944 V 688 1944 -V 729 1944 V 896 1944 V 162 1975 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1921 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 1837 -y Fk(WRCSB)143 b(W)n(rite)19 b(CST)g(Base)f(Address)368 1920 -y FD(70244)150 2071 y(Load)13 b(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(lo)q(cation)g -Fu(E)j FD(in)o(to)d(the)i(CST)e(base)i(register)g(in)e(the)i(w)o(orkspace.)p -150 2320 1495 4 v 150 2245 V 148 2318 4 75 v 1643 2318 V 688 -2318 V 729 2318 V 896 2318 V 162 2350 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2295 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 2212 -y Fk(RDCSB)155 b(Read)19 b(CST)f(Base)h(Address)368 2294 y -FD(70204)150 2445 y(Read)14 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)i(CST)f(base)g -(register)h(in)o(to)e(lo)q(cation)g Fu(E)r FD(.)p eop -%%Page: 434 94 -434 93 bop 0 50 a FD(434)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)p 0 355 1495 4 v 0 280 V -2 353 4 75 v 1493 -353 V 538 353 V 579 353 V 746 353 V 12 384 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 330 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)0 246 y Fk(WRCSTM)94 b(W)n(rite)19 b(CST)g(Mask)218 329 -y FD(70254)0 480 y(Load)12 b(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(lo)q(cation)g -Fy(E)18 b FD(in)o(to)12 b(the)i(CST)f(mask)e(register)j(in)f(the)g(w)o -(orkspace)h(for)f(use)g(as)g(the)h(mask)d(in)0 530 y(CST)j(up)q(dating.)p -0 779 1495 4 v 0 704 V -2 777 4 75 v 1493 777 V 538 777 V 579 -777 V 746 777 V 12 808 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 754 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)0 670 y Fk(RDCSTM)106 -b(Read)19 b(CST)f(Mask)218 753 y FD(70214)0 904 y(Read)c(the)g(con)o(ten)o -(ts)h(of)e(the)i(CST)f(mask)e(register)j(in)o(to)e(lo)q(cation)g -Fu(E)r FD(.)p 0 1153 1495 4 v 0 1078 V -2 1151 4 75 v 1493 -1151 V 538 1151 V 579 1151 V 746 1151 V 12 1183 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1128 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)0 1045 y Fk(WRPUR)137 b(W)n(rite)19 b(Pro)r(cess)g(Use)g -(Register)218 1127 y FD(70250)0 1278 y(Load)12 b(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e -(lo)q(cation)g Fy(E)18 b FD(in)o(to)12 b(the)h(pro)q(cess)i(use)e(register)h -(in)f(the)g(w)o(orkspace)h(for)e(use)i(as)f(the)g(pro)q(cess)0 -1328 y(use)i(w)o(ord)e(in)h(CST)g(up)q(dating.)p 0 1577 1495 -4 v 0 1502 V -2 1575 4 75 v 1493 1575 V 538 1575 V 579 1575 -V 746 1575 V 12 1607 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 1552 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)0 1469 y Fk(RDPUR)149 -b(Read)19 b(Pro)r(cess)f(Use)h(Register)218 1551 y FD(70210)0 -1702 y(Read)14 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)i(pro)q(cess)h(use)e -(register)h(in)o(to)f(lo)q(cation)f Fu(E)r FD(.)0 1938 y(A)o(t)k(p)q(o)o(w)o -(er)f(turn)h(on)g(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)d(the)j(cac)o(he)f(and)f(page)h -(table)f(are)h(indeterminate,)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(is)e(in)0 -1988 y(executiv)o(e)k(mo)q(de,)e(paging)g(is)g(disabled,)h(and)g(the)g -(curren)o(t)h(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o(k)h(is)f(0.)32 b(After)19 b(the)g(console)g -(loads)f(the)0 2038 y(micro)q(co)q(de,)i(it)f(then)h(loads)f(the)h -(initializing)c(executiv)o(e)21 b(program.)33 b(This)19 b(program,)g(running) -g(unpaged)g(in)0 2087 y(ph)o(ysical)12 b(memory)m(,)e(should)i(giv)o(e)g(an)h -Fx(APRID)e FD(to)i(determine)g(system)f(c)o(haracteristics.)19 -b(The)14 b(unpaged)f(program)0 2137 y(ends)21 b(with)f(a)g -Fx(WREBR)g FD(that)g(selects)i(and)e(enables)h(paging,)g(sp)q(eci\014es)h -(the)f(executiv)o(e)g(base)g(address,)i(and)0 2187 y(in)o(v)n(alidates)13 -b(the)j(cac)o(he)f(and)g(page)g(table.)20 b(F)m(rom)13 b(this)i(p)q(oin)o(t)f -(the)h(executiv)o(e)h(program)d(runs)j(paged)e(and)h(m)o(ust)0 -2237 y(set)c(up)g(the)g(\014rst)g(user)h(or)e(users,)i(loading)d(the)i(user)h -(pro)q(cess)g(tables)e(and)h(page)f(maps,)g(and)g(bringing)f(in)h(whatev)o -(er)0 2287 y(parts)17 b(of)f(user)h(programs)e(and)h(data)g(that)h(are)f -(consisten)o(t)i(with)e(go)q(o)q(d)g(w)o(orking{set)g(managemen)o(t.)23 -b(Finally)0 2336 y(the)14 b(Monitor)f(giv)o(es)g(a)f Fx(WRUBR)h -FD(to)g(assign)g(the)h(base)f(address)i(and)e(curren)o(t)i(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o -(k)f(for)h(the)h(\014rst)g(user,)g(and)0 2386 y(then)h(transfers)g(con)o -(trol)e(to)h(the)h(user)g(program)d(via)h(an)h Fx(XJRSTF)e -FD(or)i Fx(JRSTF)p FD(.)0 2472 y(On)i(a)f(call)g(from)f(the)j(user)g(via)e -(an)g(MUUO,)h(giv)o(e)f(an)h Fx(RDUBR)e FD(to)i(determine)f(the)i(con)o(text) -f(of)f(the)i(user,)f(i.e.,)0 2522 y(his)d(A)o(C)g(blo)q(c)o(k.)k(Then)d(giv)o -(e)e(a)h Fx(WRUBR)f FD(that)h(assigns)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(0)f(as)h(curren)o(t)i -(for)d(the)i(Monitor,)e(assigns)h(the)h(user)0 2571 y(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o(k)f -(as)h(previous{con)o(text)h(for)f(accessing)h(user)g(space,)g(but)f(lea)o(v)o -(es)g(the)h(base)f(address)h(alone)f(so)g(the)g(righ)o(t)0 -2621 y(paging)h(is)i(still)e(a)o(v)n(ailable)f(for)i(suc)o(h)h(access.)22 -b(T)m(o)13 b(return)j(to)e(the)h(same)f(user,)h(reassign)g(the)g(A)o(C)f(blo) -q(c)o(k)g(without)p eop -%%Page: 435 95 -435 94 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(435)150 195 y(c)o(hanging)16 b(the)h(base)g(address.)28 -b(Note)17 b(that)g(on)f(the)i(transfer)f(to)g(a)f(user)i(program)d(no)h -(previous{con)o(text)i(A)o(C)150 245 y(blo)q(c)o(k)c(need)g(b)q(e)h(giv)o(en) -e(as)h(the)h(user)g(cannot)f(emplo)o(y)e Fx(PX)o(CT)p FD(s.)150 -330 y(The)17 b(usual)g(pro)q(cedure)h(for)f(administering)e(A)o(C)h(blo)q(c)o -(ks)h(is)g(to)f(assing)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(1)h(to)f(all)g(users)i(and)f(assign)f -(t)o(w)o(o)150 380 y(or)f(three)h(blo)q(c)o(ks)e(for)g(the)i(sole)e(use)i(of) -e(in)o(terrupt)h(routines.)21 b(Supp)q(ose)15 b(the)h(assignmen)o(ts)e(are:) -19 b(blo)q(c)o(k)c(0)f(for)g(the)150 430 y(Monitor,)f(blo)q(c)o(k)g(1)g(for)g -(all)f(users,)j(blo)q(c)o(k)e(2)g(for)g(the)h(highest)g(priorit)o(y)f(in)o -(terrupt)h(lev)o(el,)e(blo)q(c)o(k)i(3)f(for)g(the)h(second)150 -480 y(highest)g(lev)o(el,)e(and)h(blo)q(c)o(k)g(4)g(for)g(all)g(other)g(lev)o -(els.)18 b(Then)c(in)f(no)g(circumstances)h(is)g(it)e(necessary)k(to)d -(determine)150 530 y(whic)o(h)k(blo)q(c)o(k)f(to)g(sa)o(v)o(e,)h(and)g(in)o -(terrupt)g(routines)h(on)e(the)h(highest,)g(second)h(highest)f(and)g(lo)o(w)o -(est)f(lev)o(els)h(need)150 580 y(not)d(sa)o(v)o(e)g(an)o(y)m(.)k(Moreo)o(v)o -(er,)d(the)g(Monitor)e(need)j(not)e(ev)o(en)g(store)i(blo)q(c)o(k)d(1)h(when) -h(it)f(tak)o(es)h(con)o(trol)f(from)e(a)i(user)150 629 y(temp)q(orarily)m(.)h -(When)e(switc)o(hing)e(from)g(one)h(ordinary)g(user)h(to)f(another,)g(the)h -(Monitor)f(usually)f(stores)i(the)g(\014rst)150 679 y(user's)h(accum)o -(ulators)d(in)h(his)h(pro)q(cess)h(table)f(or)f(shado)o(w)h(area)g(|)f(this)g -(is)h(lo)q(cations)f(0{17)f(in)i(user)g(virtual)f(page)150 -729 y(0,)h(an)h(area)f(not)h(generally)g(accessible)h(to)e(the)i(user)g(at)e -(all)g(|)g(and)g(loads)h(the)g(new)g(user's)h(accum)o(ulators)e(from)150 -779 y(his)h(pro)q(cess)i(table)d(or)h(shado)o(w)g(area,)f(where)i(they)g(w)o -(ere)g(stored)g(after)f(the)g(last)g(time)e(the)j(new)f(user)h(ran)150 -864 y(On)e(a)g(c)o(hange)g(from)e(one)i(pro)q(cess)i(to)d(another)i(the)f(en) -o(tire)g(page)g(table)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(in)o(v)n(alidated,)e(but)i(this)g -(is)g(done)150 914 y(automatically)e(b)o(y)k(the)g(instruction)g(that)f -(assigns)h(the)g(new)g(user)h(base)f(address.)22 b(If)14 b(the)h(system)f -(uses)i(shared)150 964 y(or)d(indirect)g(p)q(oin)o(ters,)g(or)f(sev)o(eral)i -(virtual)d(page)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(p)q(oin)o(t)g(to)h(the)g(same)f(ph)o -(ysical)g(page,)g(then)i(the)f(table)150 1014 y(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)i(in)o(v)n -(alidated)e(whenev)o(er)j(a)e(page)g(is)g(remo)o(v)o(ed)f(from)g(memory)f(or) -i(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(is)f(remo)o(v)o(ed)f(from)g(a)h(user)150 -1064 y(page)e(map.)k(On)c(the)h(other)g(hand)f(deletion)g(of)f(a)h(page)g -(with)g(a)g(unique)g(mapping)e(requires)j(only)e(that)i(a)e -Fx(CLRPT)150 1113 y FD(b)q(e)k(giv)o(en)e(to)h(in)o(v)n(alidate)e(the)i(en)o -(try)h(con)o(taining)e(it.)150 1253 y Fz(Previous{Con)n(text)18 -b(Execute)150 1338 y FD(Ordinarily)g(an)g(instruction)h(in)f(a)g(user)i -(program)d(is)h(p)q(erformed)g(en)o(tirely)h(in)f(user)i(address)g(space,)g -(and)e(an)150 1388 y(instruction)f(in)g(the)g(executiv)o(e)h(program)d(is)i -(p)q(erformed)f(en)o(tirely)h(in)g(executiv)o(e)h(address)g(space.)28 -b(But)17 b(to)g(fa-)150 1438 y(cilitate)c(comm)o(unication)d(b)q(et)o(w)o -(een)15 b(Monitor)f(and)f(users,)i(the)f(executiv)o(e)h(can)f(execute)h -(instructions)g(in)e(whic)o(h)150 1488 y(selected)h(references)i(cross)d(o)o -(v)o(er)g(the)g(b)q(oundary)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(user)h(and)e(executiv)o(e)i -(address)g(spaces.)19 b(This)12 b(feature)150 1537 y(is)18 -b(implemen)o(ted)e(b)o(y)i(the)g(previous{con)o(text)h(execute,)i(or)d -Fx(PX)o(CT)p FD(,)e(instruction.)31 b(The)19 b(mnemonic)c Fx(PX)o(CT)i -FD(is)150 1587 y(for)g(con)o(v)o(enience)i(only)d(and)h(has)h(no)f(meaning)e -(to)i(the)h(assem)o(bler;)h(it)e(is)g(used)h(simply)d(to)i(indicate)h(an)f -Fx(X)o(CT)150 1637 y FD(with)d(nonzero)g Fy(A)g FD(bits.)k(A)c -Fx(PX)o(CT)f FD(is)h(an)f Fx(X)o(CT)p FD(.)g(Although)g(the)i -Fx(PX)o(CT)e FD(is)g(giv)o(en)h(b)o(y)g(a)f(program)f(in)i(the)g(curren)o(t) -150 1687 y(con)o(text,)f(some)f(of)h(the)g(references)j(made)c(b)o(y)g(the)i -(executed)h(instruction)e(can)g(b)q(e)g(in)g(the)g(previous{con)o(text.)19 -b(A)150 1737 y Fx(PX)o(CT)12 b FD(can)i(b)q(e)h(giv)o(en)e(only)g(in)g -(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de,)d(but)i(the)g(previous{con)o(text)g(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i -(the)h(user,)f(as)g(follo)o(wing)150 1786 y(a)j(call)h(to)f(the)i(Monitor)e -(b)o(y)g(the)i(user.)31 b(The)18 b(previous)g(con)o(text)h(can)f(ho)o(w)o(ev) -o(er)g(b)q(e)g(the)h(executiv)o(e,)g(to)f(allo)o(w)150 1836 -y(comm)o(unication)10 b(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)k(one)g(lev)o(el)e(of)h(the)h -(executiv)o(e)g(program)e(and)h(another,)g(as)g(when)h(the)f(Monitor)g(giv)o -(es)150 1886 y(an)k(MUUO)g(to)g(itself.)26 b(\(Note:)f(it)16 -b(is)h(not)g(in)o(tended)g(that)g Fx(PX)o(CT)f FD(b)q(e)h(used)h(b)o(y)f(the) -g(Monitor)g(for)f(unsolicited)150 1936 y(references)h(to)c(a)h(user)h -(program.\))150 2021 y(It)e(is)f(v)o(ery)h(imp)q(ortan)o(t)e(to)h(understand) -i(just)f(whic)o(h)g(op)q(erations)f(are)h(a\013ected)i(b)o(y)d(a)g -Fx(PX)o(CT)g FD(and)g(whic)o(h)g(are)i(not.)150 2071 y(The)j(only)f -(di\013erence)j(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(an)d(instruction)h(executed)i(b)o(y)e(a)g -Fx(PX)o(CT)e FD(and)i(an)g(instruction)g(p)q(erformed)f(in)150 -2121 y(normal)e(circumstances)j(is)f(in)g(the)h(w)o(a)o(y)e(certain)i(of)f -(its)g(memory)d(and)j(index)h(register)g(references)i(are)e(made.)150 -2171 y(T)m(o)e(w)o(ork)g(as)h(a)f Fx(PX)o(CT)p FD(,)f(an)h -Fx(X)o(CT)p FD(a)g(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(giv)o(en)f(in)g(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de,) -d(and)i(the)g(bits)g(in)f(its)h Fy(A)f FD(\014eld)h(\(9{12\))150 -2221 y(m)o(ust)e(not)h(all)e(b)q(e)j(0)f(\(in)f(user)i(mo)q(de)e -Fy(A)h FD(is)g(ignored\).)21 b(But)16 b(there)g(is)f(otherwise)h(no)e -(di\013erence)j(in)e(the)g(w)o(a)o(y)f(the)150 2271 y Fx(X)o(CT)e -FD(itself)h(is)g(p)q(erformed:)k(ev)o(erything)c(in)g(the)g -Fx(PX)o(CT)f FD(is)h(done)g(in)g(the)g(curren)o(t)i(\(executiv)o(e\))f(con)o -(text,)g(and)e(the)150 2320 y(instruction)j(to)f(b)q(e)i(executed)g(b)o(y)f -(the)g Fx(X)o(CT)f FD(is)g(fetc)o(hed)i(in)e(the)h(curren)o(t)h(con)o(text.) -21 b(Moreo)o(v)o(er)16 b(in)e(the)h(executed)150 2370 y(instruction,)j(all)e -(accum)o(ulator)h(references)j(\(sp)q(eci\014ed)f(b)o(y)e(bits)h(9{12)e(of)h -(the)h(instruction)g(w)o(ord\))f(are)h(in)f(the)150 2420 y(curren)o(t)i(con)o -(text.)30 b(\(Remem)o(b)q(er)17 b(that)h(the)g(executiv)o(e)h(can)f(alw)o(a)o -(ys)e(access)k(a)d(user)i(accum)o(ulator)e(simply)e(b)o(y)150 -2470 y(addressing)e(it)e(as)h(a)g(fast)g(memory)d(lo)q(cation.\))17 -b(If)12 b(the)g(instruction)h(mak)o(es)d(no)i(memory)e(op)q(erand)i -(references,)j(as)150 2520 y(in)e(a)g(shift)g(or)h(immedia)o(te)d(mo)q(de)i -(instruction,)g(and)h(it)f(has)g(no)h(indexing)f(or)g(indirection)g(\(i.e.,)g -(the)h(instruction)150 2569 y(w)o(ord)d(giv)o(es)g Fu(E)i FD(directly\),)f -(then)f(its)g(execution)h(di\013ers)g(in)f(no)g(w)o(a)o(y)f(from)f(the)j -(normal)d(case.)18 b(The)12 b(only)e(di\013erence)150 2619 -y(is)k(in)f(memory)f(and)h(index)h(register)h(references.)p -eop -%%Page: 436 96 -436 95 bop 0 50 a FD(436)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(The)f(previous{con)o(text)f(is)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i -(b)o(y)e(t)o(w)o(o)f(quan)o(tities.)18 b(F)m(ollo)o(wing)9 -b(a)j(call)f(b)o(y)h(an)g(MUUO,)g(the)g(fast)g(memory)0 245 -y(blo)q(c)o(k)17 b(assigned)g(to)h(the)f(calling)f(program)g(app)q(ears)i(as) -f(the)h(curren)o(t)h(con)o(text)f(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(k)g(in)g(the)g(w)o(ord)g -(read)0 295 y(b)o(y)d(an)h Fx(RDUBR)p FD(.)e(F)m(or)h(the)h(called)g -(program,)d(this)j(v)n(alue)f(can)h(then)g(b)q(e)h(assigned)f(as)f(the)i -(previous{con)o(text)f(b)o(y)0 345 y(a)g Fx(WRUBR)p FD(.)f(The)i(curren)o(t)h -(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o(k)g(of)g(the)g(calling)f(program)g(also)h(app)q(ears)h(in) -f(the)h(pro)q(cess)h(con)o(text)f(w)o(ord)0 394 y(supplied)c(b)o(y)f(the)h -(MUUO.)g(V)m(arious)e(lev)o(els)i(of)f(the)h(Monitor)f(ma)o(y)e(all)i(use)h -(fast)f(memory)e(blo)q(c)o(k)j(0;)f(or)h(a)f(separate)0 444 -y(blo)q(c)o(k)j(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(assigned)g(to)f(that)h(part)g(of)f(the)h -(Monitor)f(that)h(uses)g Fx(PX)o(CT)p FD(s)f(in)g(handling)f(MUUO)j(calls)e -(from)0 494 y(other)h(parts)f(of)f(the)i(Monitor.)0 580 y(Just)g(as)g(the)g -(curren)o(t)g(mo)q(de)f(is)g(indicated)g(b)o(y)g(the)h(User)h(\015ag,)d(the)i -(mo)q(de)e(in)h(whic)o(h)g(the)h(calling)e(program)g(w)o(as)0 -629 y(running)g(is)g(indicated)g(b)o(y)g(Previous)h(Con)o(text)f(User.)852 -614 y Fp(69)907 629 y FD(A)o(t)g(a)g(call)f(this)i(\015ag)e(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)h -(set)i(up)e(automatically)d(or)0 679 y(it)15 b(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j(set)g(up)g(b) -o(y)f(a)f(\015ag{PC)h(doublew)o(ord)g(or)g(a)g(PC)h(w)o(ord.)22 -b(Note)15 b(that)h(the)g(restrictions)g(on)f(references)0 729 -y(made)d(in)g(the)i(previous{con)o(text)f(are)h(those)f(of)f(the)i(previous)f -(con)o(text)h(|)e(not)h(those)g(of)g(the)g(con)o(text)h(in)e(whic)o(h)0 -779 y(the)18 b Fx(PX)o(CT)d FD(is)i(giv)o(en.)27 b(Supp)q(ose)18 -b(the)f(executiv)o(e)h(executes)h(an)e(instruction)g(that)g(references)j(an)d -(inaccessible)0 829 y(user)e(area.)j(Suc)o(h)c(a)g(reference)i(w)o(ould)e -(fail.)0 914 y(Whic)o(h)g(references)j(in)c(the)i(executed)h(instruction)e -(are)h(made)e(in)g(the)i(previous{con)o(text)g(is)f(determined)g(b)o(y)g(1s)0 -964 y(in)f(the)i Fx(A)e FD(p)q(ortion)h(of)f(the)i Fx(PX)o(CT)d -FD(instruction)j(w)o(ord)e(as)h(follo)o(ws.)172 1047 y Fy(Bit)286 -b(R)n(efer)n(enc)n(es)15 b(Made)h(in)e(Pr)n(evious{Context)i(if)e(Bit)h(is)f -(1)190 1132 y FD(9)67 b(E\013ectiv)o(e)26 b(address)g(calculation)d(of)i -(instruction,)i(including)d(b)q(oth)g(instruction)278 1182 -y(w)o(ords)13 b(in)f Fx(EXTEND)h FD(\(index)g(registers,)h(address)g(w)o -(ords)f(b)o(y)g(indirection\);)f(also)g Fx(EX-)278 1232 y(TEND)17 -b FD(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(address)h(calculation)c(of)i(source)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f -(if)f(bit)h(11)f(is)h(1)g(and)f(of)278 1282 y(destination)d(p)q(oin)o(ter)i -(if)e(bit)g(12)h(is)f(1.)179 1332 y(10)57 b(Memory)22 b(op)q(erands)j(sp)q -(eci\014ed)g(b)o(y)f Fy(E)5 b FD(,)23 b(whether)i(fetc)o(h)g(or)e(store)i -(\(e.g.,)g Fx(PUSH)278 1381 y FD(source,)20 b Fx(POP)d FD(or)h -Fx(BL)m(T)g FD(destination\);)i(b)o(yte)f(p)q(oin)o(ter:)27 -b(second)19 b(instruction)g(w)o(ord)278 1431 y(in)13 b Fx(EXTEND)p -FD(.)179 1481 y(11)57 b(E\013ectiv)o(e)16 b(address)h(calculation)e(of)g(b)o -(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ter;)g(source)g(in)f Fx(EXTEND)p FD(;)g(e\013ectiv)o(e)278 -1531 y(address)g(calculation)e(of)g Fx(EXTEND)h FD(source)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f -(if)f(bit)h(9)f(is)h(1.)179 1581 y(12)57 b(Byte)14 b(data;)f(stac)o(k)g(in)g -Fx(PUSH)g FD(or)g Fx(POP)p FD(;)e(source)k(in)e Fx(BL)m(T)p -FD(;)f(destination)i(in)e Fx(EXTEND)p FD(;)278 1631 y(e\013ectiv)o(e)j -(address)g(calculation)e(of)g Fx(EXTEND)h FD(destination)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g -(if)f(bit)h(9)f(is)h(1.)0 1714 y(Previous{con)o(text)e(referencing)g(is)e -(useful)h(and)f(reasonable)h(in)f(some)g(instructions)h(but)g(inapplicable)e -(to)h(others.)0 1764 y(There)k(is)f(no)f(trap)h(of)f(an)o(y)g(kind,)h(and)f -(the)h(e\013ect)i(of)d(using)h(the)g(feature)g(with)g(an)f(instruction)i(to)e -(whic)o(h)h(it)f(do)q(es)0 1814 y(not)i(apply)f(is)h(simply)e(unde\014ned.)p -0 1848 720 2 v 31 1875 a Fo(69)64 1887 y Fn(Previous)f(Con)o(text)h(User)i -(is)f(in)h(the)e(same)h(\015ag)f(bit)h(that)g(is)g(used)g(for)f(User)i -(In{out,)e(whic)o(h)h(has)g(no)g(meaning)e(in)i(executiv)o(e)0 -1926 y(mo)q(de.)p eop -%%Page: 437 97 -437 96 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(437)692 188 y Fy(Applic)n(able)277 b(Inapplic)n(able)600 -274 y FD(Mo)o(v)o(e,)13 b Fx(XMO)o(VEI)137 b FD(LUUO,)14 b(MUUO)600 -324 y Fx(EX)o(CH)p FD(,)e Fx(BL)m(T)p FD(,)i Fx(XBL)m(T)82 -b(A)o(OBJN)p FD(,)12 b Fx(A)o(OBJP)600 374 y FD(Half)h(w)o(ord,)g -Fx(XHLLI)101 b(JUMP)p FD(,)12 b Fx(A)o(OJ)p FD(,)h Fx(SOJ)600 -423 y FD(Arithmetic)220 b Fx(JSR)p FD(,)13 b Fx(JSP)p FD(,)g -Fx(JSA)p FD(,)f Fx(JRA)p FD(,)h Fx(JRST)600 473 y FD(Bo)q(olean)272 -b Fx(PUSHJ)p FD(,)13 b Fx(POPJ)600 523 y FD(Double)g(mo)o(v)o(e)181 -b Fx(X)o(CT)p FD(,)13 b Fx(PX)o(CT)600 573 y(CAI)p FD(,)f Fx(CAM)236 -b FD(Shift{rotate)600 623 y Fx(SKIP)p FD(,)12 b Fx(A)o(OS)p -FD(,)g Fx(SOS)121 b FD(String)14 b(\(except)h Fx(MO)o(VSLJ)p -FD(\))600 673 y(Logical)d(test)209 b(I/O)600 722 y Fx(PUSH)p -FD(,)12 b Fx(POP)p FD(,)g Fx(ADJSP)49 b FD(System)13 b(\(except)j -Fx(MAP)p FD(\))600 772 y(Byte)600 822 y Fx(MO)o(VSLJ)600 872 -y(MAP)150 955 y FD(Note)h(that)g(no)f(jumps)g(can)h(use)g(previous{con)o -(text)h(referencing.)27 b(Ev)o(en)17 b(among)e(the)i(instructions)h(to)e -(whic)o(h)150 1005 y(suc)o(h)j(referencing)h(is)f(applicable,)g(only)e(a)i -(limited)d(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)i(of)g(the)i(sixteen)f(p)q(ossible)g(bit)g(com)o -(binations)d(is)150 1055 y(useful)h(or)h(meaningful.)26 b(Doing)16 -b(an)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)i(address)f(calculation)f(in)g(the)h(previous{con)o -(text)g(\(selected)h(b)o(y)150 1105 y(bit)d(9)g(or)h(11\))f(mak)o(es)f(sense) -k(only)c(if)h(the)h(corresp)q(onding)g(data)g(access)h(is)e(also)g(in)g(the)h -(previous{con)o(text)h(\(as)150 1155 y(selected)d(b)o(y)f(bit)f(10)g(or)g(12) -g(except)i(11)e(or)g(12)g(in)g Fx(EXTEND)p FD(\).)g(Only)g(the)h(com)o -(binations)e(listed)h(in)g(T)m(able)g(4.2)g(are)150 1205 y(p)q(ermitted.)150 -1290 y(The)j(most)e(frequen)o(t)j(use)f(of)f(previous{con)o(text)i -(referencing)g(is)e(simply)f(for)h(the)h(transfer)h(of)e(w)o(ords)h(b)q(et)o -(w)o(een)150 1340 y(user)f(and)f(executiv)o(e.)19 b(F)m(or)13 -b(this)h(reason)h(the)f(pro)q(cessor)i(has)e(these)h(t)o(w)o(o)f(con)o(v)o -(enien)o(t)g(instructions.)p 150 1589 1495 4 v 150 1514 V 148 -1587 4 75 v 1643 1587 V 688 1587 V 729 1587 V 896 1587 V 162 -1619 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -1564 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1619 y Fn(8)p 522 1587 V 24 -w(9)591 1564 y Fy(A)150 1481 y Fk(UMO)n(VE)138 b(User)18 b(Move)306 -1563 y FD(704)150 1714 y(P)o(erform)d(the)i(same)e(function)g(as)h -Fx(PX)o(CT)d(4,[MO)o(VE)f(A,)p Fu(E)r Fx(])o FD(.)25 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)16 -b(whereas)h(a)f Fx(PX)o(CT)f FD(can)h(b)q(e)g(p)q(erformed)150 -1764 y(only)d(in)h(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de,)d Fx(UMO)o(VE)h -FD(can)h(also)f(b)q(e)h(done)h(in)e(user)i(in{out)e(mo)q(de.)p -150 2013 1495 4 v 150 1938 V 148 2011 4 75 v 1643 2011 V 688 -2011 V 729 2011 V 896 2011 V 162 2043 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1988 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2043 -y Fn(8)p 522 2011 V 24 w(9)591 1988 y Fy(A)150 1905 y Fk(UMO)n(VEM)89 -b(User)18 b(Move)h(to)g(Memo)n(ry)306 1987 y FD(705)150 2138 -y(P)o(erform)12 b(the)i(same)f(function)f(as)i Fx(PX)o(CT)e(4,[MO)o(VEM)h(A,) -p Fu(E)r Fx(])o FD(.)18 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)13 b(whereas)i(a)e -Fx(PX)o(CT)f FD(can)h(b)q(e)h(p)q(erformed)150 2188 y(only)f(in)h(executiv)o -(e)h(mo)q(de,)d Fx(UMO)o(VEM)h FD(can)h(also)f(b)q(e)i(done)f(in)f(user)i -(in{out)e(mo)q(de.)150 2340 y Fz(4.2.6)55 b(System)17 b(Timing)150 -2452 y FD(The)12 b(timer)f(includes)i(a)e(12{bit)g(hardw)o(are)i(milli)o -(second)e(coun)o(ter,)h(a)g(doublew)o(ord)g(time)e(base)j(k)o(ept)f(from)f -(it,)g(and)150 2502 y(an)i(in)o(terv)n(al)e(register)j(for)f(timed)e(in)o -(terrupts.)19 b(The)13 b(millisecond)e(coun)o(ter)j(runs)f(con)o(tin)o -(uously)f(at)h(4.1)f(MHz)h(and)150 2552 y(represen)o(ts)18 -b(an)e(elapsed)g(time)e(of)h(just)h(under)h(1)e(ms)f(at)i(eac)o(h)g(o)o(v)o -(er\015o)o(w.)23 b(Whenev)o(er)17 b(the)f(coun)o(ter)g(is)g(read,)g(its)150 -2602 y(t)o(w)o(o)g(least)h(signi\014can)o(t)f(bits)g(are)h(ignored,)f(so)h -(its)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(e\013ectiv)o(ely)f(represen)o(t)i(a)d(coun)o(t)h(in)f -(microseconds)p eop -%%Page: 438 98 -438 97 bop 0 50 a FD(438)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)245 564 y Fz(T)-5 b(able)19 b(4.2:)24 b(KS10)18 -b(P)n(ermissible)f Fm(PX)o(CT)i Fz(Addressing)f(Mo)r(des)225 -698 y Fy(Instructions)50 b FD(9)g(10)f(11)g(12)h Fy(R)n(efer)n(enc)n(es)14 -b(in)h(Pr)n(evious{Context)225 784 y FD(General)126 b(0)60 -b(1)70 b(0)h(0)60 b(Data)492 834 y(1)g(1)70 b(0)h(0)60 b Fu(E)r -FD(,)13 b(Data)225 919 y(Immediate)72 b(1)60 b(0)70 b(0)h(0)60 -b Fu(E)225 1005 y Fx(BL)m(T)192 b FD(0)60 b(0)70 b(0)h(1)60 -b(Source)492 1055 y(0)g(1)70 b(0)h(0)60 b(Destination)492 1104 -y(0)g(1)70 b(0)h(1)60 b(Source,)14 b(destination)492 1154 y(1)60 -b(1)70 b(0)h(0)60 b Fu(E)r FD(,)13 b(destination)492 1204 y(1)60 -b(1)70 b(0)h(1)60 b Fu(E)r FD(,)13 b(source,)i(destination)225 -1290 y Fx(XBL)m(T)164 b FD(0)60 b(0)70 b(1)h(0)60 b(Source)492 -1339 y(0)g(1)70 b(0)h(0)60 b(Destination)492 1389 y(0)g(0)70 -b(1)h(1)60 b(Source,)14 b(destination)225 1475 y(Stac)o(k)168 -b(0)60 b(0)70 b(0)h(1)60 b(Stac)o(k)492 1525 y(0)g(1)70 b(0)h(0)60 -b(Memory)13 b(data)492 1574 y(0)60 b(1)70 b(0)h(1)60 b(Memory)13 -b(data,)g(stac)o(k)492 1624 y(1)60 b(1)70 b(0)h(0)60 b Fu(E)r -FD(,)13 b(memory)e(data)492 1674 y(1)60 b(1)70 b(0)h(1)60 b -Fu(E)r FD(,)13 b(memory)e(data,)j(stac)o(k)225 1760 y(Byte)182 -b(0)60 b(0)70 b(0)h(1)60 b(Data)492 1809 y(0)g(0)70 b(1)h(1)60 -b(P)o(oin)o(ter)14 b Fu(E)r FD(,)f(data)492 1859 y(0)60 b(1)70 -b(1)h(1)60 b(P)o(oin)o(ter,)13 b(p)q(oin)o(ter)h Fu(E)r FD(,)g(data)492 -1909 y(1)60 b(1)70 b(1)h(1)60 b Fu(E)r FD(,)13 b(p)q(oin)o(ter,)h(p)q(oin)o -(ter)g Fu(E)r FD(,)f(data)225 1995 y Fx(MO)o(VSLJ)108 b FD(0)60 -b(0)70 b(0)h(1)60 b(Destination)492 2044 y(1)g(0)70 b(0)h(1)60 -b Fu(E)r FD(\(=)12 b Fu(Y)d FD(\),)14 b(destination)f(p)q(oin)o(ter,)h -(destination)492 2094 y(0)60 b(0)70 b(1)h(0)60 b(Source)492 -2144 y(1)g(0)70 b(1)h(0)60 b Fu(E)r FD(\(=)12 b Fu(Y)d FD(\),)14 -b(source)h(p)q(oin)o(ter,)e(source)492 2194 y(0)60 b(0)70 b(1)h(1)60 -b(Source,)14 b(destination)492 2244 y(1)60 b(0)70 b(1)h(1)60 -b Fu(E)r FD(\(=)12 b Fu(Y)d FD(\),)14 b(p)q(oin)o(ters,)g(source,)g -(destination)p eop -%%Page: 439 99 -439 98 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(439)150 195 y(\(1/1025th)13 b(ms\).)150 281 y(The)h(time)f(base)h(is)g -(a)f(double)h(length)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(k)o(ept)h(in)f(a)h(pair)f(of)g -(registers)i(in)f(the)g(w)o(orkspace.)19 b(It)14 b(is)g(a)f(71{bit)150 -330 y(unsigned)f(quan)o(tit)o(y)e(in)h(whic)o(h)h(the)g(en)o(tire)g(\014rst)g -(w)o(ord)f(comprises)g(the)h(high)f(order)h(thirt)o(y{six)f(bits,)h(and)f -(the)h(lo)o(w)150 380 y(order)17 b(thirt)o(y{\014v)o(e)e(are)h(in)g(bits)g -(1{35)f(of)g(the)h(second)h(w)o(ord.)1126 365 y Fp(70)1185 -380 y FD(In)f(this)g(doublew)o(ord,)f(the)i(hardw)o(are)f(coun)o(ter)150 -430 y(corresp)q(onds)k(to)e(the)g(righ)o(t)g(t)o(w)o(elv)o(e)f(bits)h(of)g -(the)g(lo)o(w)f(order)i(w)o(ord.)30 b(The)18 b(program)e(can)i(initialize)f -(the)h(time)150 480 y(base)13 b(as)g(a)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(milli)o -(seconds)f(\(the)j(lo)o(w)d(order)j(t)o(w)o(elv)o(e)e(bits)h(are)g -(ignored\),)f(and)g(ev)o(ery)i(time)d(the)i(coun)o(ter)150 -530 y(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(ws)h(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(adds)g(2)716 -515 y Fp(12)765 530 y FD(to)f(the)i(base.)150 615 y(The)i(in)o(terv)n(al)f -(register)j(\(in)d(the)i(w)o(orkspace\))g(holds)e(a)h(p)q(erio)q(d)g(that)g -(is)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(program)d(and)i(cor-)150 -665 y(resp)q(onds)i(in)e(magnitude)e(to)i(the)h(lo)o(w)e(order)i(w)o(ord)g -(of)e(the)i(time)e(base.)29 b(This)17 b(allo)o(ws)f(a)h(maxim)n(um)c(in)o -(terv)n(al)150 715 y(of)j(2)221 700 y Fp(23)273 715 y FD(ms,)h(whic)o(h)f(is) -h(almost)e(140)i(min)o(utes.)26 b(A)o(t)17 b(the)h(end)f(of)g(eac)o(h)g(in)o -(terv)n(al,)g(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(sets)h(In)o(terv)n(al)150 -765 y(Done)f(\()p Fx(RD)o(APR)f FD(bit)i(30\),)f(requesting)h(an)g(in)o -(terrupt)g(on)f(the)h(lev)o(el)f(assigned)h(to)f(the)h(system)f(\015ags)g(\() -p FB(x)q FD(4.2.8\).)150 815 y(In)e(a)g(separate)h(w)o(orkspace)g(register,)g -(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(starts)h(with)f(the)g(giv)o(en)g(p)q(erio)q(d,)g -(decremen)o(ts)h(it)f(b)o(y)g(2)1915 799 y Fp(12)150 864 y -FD(ev)o(ery)i(time)e(the)h(millisecond)e(coun)o(ter)j(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(ws,)f -(and)g(sets)h(the)g(\015ag)f(when)g(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(this)g -(\\time)e(to)150 914 y(go")g(register)j(reac)o(h)f(zero)g(or)f(less.)22 -b(Hence)17 b(the)f(coun)o(tdo)o(wn)f(is)g(b)o(y)g(milliseconds,)e(and)i(an)o -(y)g(nonzero)h(quan)o(tit)o(y)150 964 y(in)f(the)i(lo)o(w)d(order)j(t)o(w)o -(elv)o(e)e(bits)h(of)f(the)i(giv)o(en)e(p)q(erio)q(d)h(adds)g(a)f(whole)h -(milli)o(second)e(to)i(the)g(coun)o(t.)24 b(\(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)150 -1014 y(follo)o(wing)10 b(sp)q(eci\014cation)k(of)f(an)g(in)o(terv)n(al)f(b)o -(y)h(the)g(program,)e(the)j(\014rst)g(do)o(wncoun)o(t)f(o)q(ccurs)i(at)d(the) -i(\014rst)g(coun)o(ter)150 1064 y(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(regardless)h(of)e -(when)h(the)h(register)g(w)o(as)f(loaded.\))150 1149 y(The)19 -b(pro)q(cessor)h(has)e(these)i(instructions)f(for)f(the)h(program)e(to)h -(handle)g(the)h(time)e(base)i(and)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt)150 -1199 y(in)o(terv)n(al.)p 150 1440 1495 4 v 150 1365 V 148 1438 -4 75 v 1643 1438 V 688 1438 V 729 1438 V 896 1438 V 162 1470 -a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1415 -y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 1332 y Fk(WRTIM)143 b(W)n(rite)19 -b(Time)g(Base)368 1414 y FD(70260)150 1565 y(Read)10 b(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g -(of)e(lo)q(cation)g Fu(E)r(;)d(E)e FD(+)s(1,)10 b(clear)h(the)g(righ)o(t)f(t) -o(w)o(elv)o(e)h(bits)g(of)f(the)h(lo)o(w)f(order)i(w)o(ord)e(read)h(\(the)h -(part)150 1615 y(corresp)q(onding)j(to)g(the)g(hardw)o(are)f(millisecond)e -(coun)o(ter\),)k(and)e(place)g(the)h(result)h(in)d(the)i(time)e(base)i -(registers)150 1665 y(in)e(the)i(w)o(orkspace.)p 150 1914 1495 -4 v 150 1839 V 148 1912 4 75 v 1643 1912 V 688 1912 V 729 1912 -V 896 1912 V 162 1943 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)698 1889 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 1805 y Fk(RDTIM)155 -b(Read)19 b(Time)f(Base)368 1888 y FD(70220)150 2039 y(Read)13 -b(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)f(the)i(time)d(base)i(registers,)h(add)f(the)g -(curren)o(t)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)h(millisecond)d(coun)o(ter)k(to)150 -2089 y(the)f(doublew)o(ord)g(read,)g(and)g(place)g(the)g(result)h(in)e(lo)q -(cation)g Fu(E)r(;)7 b(E)k FD(+)f(1.)p 150 2338 1495 4 v 150 -2263 V 148 2336 4 75 v 1643 2336 V 688 2336 V 729 2336 V 896 -2336 V 162 2368 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)698 2313 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 2230 y Fk(WRINT)152 -b(W)n(rite)19 b(Interval)368 2312 y FD(70264)150 2463 y(Load)13 -b(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(lo)q(cation)g Fu(E)j FD(in)o(to)d(the)i(in)o -(terv)n(al)e(register)i(in)e(the)i(w)o(orkspace.)p 150 2498 -720 2 v 181 2525 a Fo(70)214 2536 y Fn(Remem)o(b)q(er,)9 b(it)j(is)g(a)g -(prop)q(ert)o(y)e(of)i(t)o(w)o(os)g(complemen)o(t)d(arithmetic)g(that)i(the)h -(sign)f(can)g(b)q(e)h(used)f(as)h(an)g(extra)f(magnitude)e(bit)150 -2576 y(in)j(an)g(unsigned)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)17 b(But)12 b(since)f(the)h -(hardw)o(are)f(is)i(set)f(up)g(for)g(signed)g(arithmetic)o(,)e(bit)j(0)f(of)g -(an)o(y)g(lo)o(w)o(er)h(order)e(w)o(ord)h(m)o(ust)150 2615 -y(b)q(e)f(skipp)q(ed.)p eop -%%Page: 440 100 -440 99 bop 0 50 a FD(440)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)p 0 355 1495 4 v 0 280 V -2 353 4 75 v 1493 -353 V 538 353 V 579 353 V 746 353 V 12 384 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 330 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)0 246 y Fk(RDINT)164 b(Read)19 b(Interval)218 329 y FD(70224)0 -480 y(Read)f(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(the)h(in)o(terv)n(al)f(register)h -(in)o(to)f(lo)q(cation)f Fu(E)r FD(.)32 b(The)18 b(p)q(erio)q(d)h(read)g(is)f -(the)h(same)e(as)i(that)0 530 y(supplied)14 b(b)o(y)g Fx(WRINT)p -FD(.)0 682 y Fz(4.2.7)55 b(Halt)18 b(Status)0 794 y FD(Whenev)o(er)f(the)f -(pro)q(cessor)h(halts,)f(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(places)h(a)f(halt)g(co)q -(de,)i(giving)d(the)i(reason)g(for)f(the)h(halt,)f(in)0 844 -y(ph)o(ysical)10 b(\(i.e.,)f(storage\))i(lo)q(cation)e(0,)h(and)g(places)g -(PC)h(in)e(ph)o(ysical)h(lo)q(cation)f(1.)16 b(Except)c(at)d(error{free)j(p)q -(o)o(w)o(erup,)0 894 y(it)e(then)g(sa)o(v)o(es)h(the)f(register)i(\014le)e -(and)f(VMA)i(in)e(a)h(halt)f(status)i(blo)q(c)o(k)f(b)q(eginning)f(at)h(a)g -(ph)o(ysical)f(lo)q(cation)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)0 943 y(b)o(y)16 -b(the)g(program,)e(although)h(the)h(program)e(can)i(inhibit)f(storing)g(of)h -(halt)f(status)h(altogether.)24 b(The)16 b(registers)0 993 -y(sa)o(v)o(ed)e(in)g(the)g(status)h(blo)q(c)o(k)e(are)i(as)e(follo)o(ws.)555 -1068 y Fy(L)n(o)n(c)n(ation)95 b(R)n(e)n(gister)621 1154 y -FD(0)160 b(MA)o(G)621 1203 y(1)g(PC)621 1253 y(2)g(HR)621 1303 -y(3)g(AR)621 1353 y(4)g(ARX)621 1403 y(5)g(BR)621 1452 y(6)g(BRX)621 -1502 y(7)g(ONE)15 b(\(1\))611 1552 y(10)149 b(EBR)611 1602 -y(11)g(UBR)611 1652 y(12)g(MASK)611 1702 y(13)g(FLG)13 b(\(\015ags,)h(page)g -(fail)e(co)q(de\))611 1751 y(14)149 b(PI)611 1801 y(15)g(XWD1)13 -b(\(1,,1\))611 1851 y(16)149 b(TO)611 1901 y(17)g(TI)611 1951 -y(20)g(VMA)14 b(\(with)g(\015ags\))0 1999 y(Halt)f(co)q(des)h(in)f(the)h -(range)g(0{77)e(are)i(used)g(for)f(\\normal")e(halts.)17 b(Co)q(des)d(in)f -(the)h(ranges)g(100{777)e(and)h(1000)f(or)0 2048 y(greater)18 -b(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)g(indicate)f(soft)o(w)o(are)g(and)g(micro)q(co)q -(de/hardw)o(are)f(failures.)27 b(Co)q(des)18 b(curren)o(tly)g(assigned)0 -2098 y(are)c(these.)p eop -%%Page: 441 101 -441 100 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(441)306 188 y Fy(Co)n(de)49 b(Halt)15 b(Condition)306 -274 y FD(0)117 b(Micro)q(co)q(de)15 b(just)f(started;)h(on)f(this)g(halt)f -(no)h(status)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(is)g(stored)306 324 y(1)117 b(Program)13 -b(ga)o(v)o(e)g(a)h(HAL)m(T)f(\(AR)h(and)g(PC)g(con)o(tain)f(E\))306 -374 y(2)117 b(Console)14 b(halted)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)306 -423 y(100)75 b(page)14 b(failure)306 473 y(101)75 b(Illegal)13 -b(in)o(terrupt)h(instruction)444 523 y(If)g(halt)f(o)q(ccurs)i(on)f(a)f(v)o -(ector)i(in)o(terrupt,)f(status)h(blo)q(c)o(k)e(con)o(tains)h(these)h(quan)o -(tities:)469 573 y(TO)81 b(V)m(ector)15 b(as)f(read)g(from)e(bus)469 -623 y(ARX)50 b(EPT)14 b(address)h(+)g(100)e(+)h(adapter)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)469 -673 y(BR)83 b(Address)16 b(of)d(illegal)f(instruction)469 722 -y(BRX)52 b(V)m(ector)15 b(mask)o(ed)d(and)i(shifted)306 772 -y(102)75 b(Zero)17 b(table)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(for)g(v)o(ector)g(in)o(terrupt)h -(\(for)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(TO)h(and)g(ARX,)f(see)444 822 -y(co)q(de)g(101\))306 872 y(1000)54 b(Error)15 b(in)f(BWRITE)f(dispatc)o(h)h -(on)g(dispatc)o(h)g(R)o(OM)306 922 y(1005)54 b(In)15 b(p)q(o)o(w)o(erup)f -(sequence,)i(pro)q(cessor)g(got)e(wrong)g(result)h(when)f(computing)f(table)h -(of)444 971 y(p)q(o)o(w)o(ers)i(of)f(10)g(for)g(use)h(b)o(y)f(string)g(micro) -q(co)q(de)g(\(BR)g(and)g(ARX)g(con)o(tain)g(high)g(and)444 -1021 y(lo)o(w)e(w)o(ords)i(of)e(incorrect)i(10)901 1006 y Fp(21)936 -1021 y FD(\))150 1105 y(A)o(t)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(erup)g(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g -(assigns)g(an)f(address)i(of)e(376000)g(for)g(storing)h(halt)f(status.)24 -b(The)17 b(program)d(can)150 1155 y(c)o(hange)g(the)h(assignmen)o(t)d(at)i -(an)o(y)g(time)e(using)i(these)h(instructions.)p 150 1404 1495 -4 v 150 1329 V 148 1402 4 75 v 1643 1402 V 688 1402 V 729 1402 -V 896 1402 V 162 1433 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)698 1379 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 1295 y Fk(WRHSB)138 -b(W)n(rite)19 b(Halt)g(Status)g(Blo)r(ck)h(Base)e(Address)368 -1378 y FD(70270)150 1529 y(Load)13 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(lo)q(cation) -f(E)i(in)o(to)f(the)h(halt)e(status)j(blo)q(c)o(k)e(base)g(register)i(in)e -(the)h(w)o(orkspace.)k(If)13 b(bit)h(0)f(of)150 1579 y(the)h(w)o(ord)f(in)g -(E)h(is)f(0,)g(bits)h(17{35)e(will)g(b)q(e)i(used)g(as)g(the)g(ph)o(ysical)f -(address)i(for)e(storing)g(halt)g(status.)19 b(But)14 b(if)e(bit)150 -1629 y(0)i(is)f(1,)g(no)h(status)h(will)d(b)q(e)j(stored.)p -150 1877 1495 4 v 150 1803 V 148 1876 4 75 v 1643 1876 V 688 -1876 V 729 1876 V 896 1876 V 162 1907 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1853 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 1769 -y Fk(RDHSB)150 b(Read)19 b(Halt)g(Status)g(Blo)r(ck)g(Base)f(Address)368 -1852 y FD(70230)150 2003 y(Read)c(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)i(halt)e -(status)i(blo)q(c)o(k)e(base)i(register)g(in)o(to)e(lo)q(cation)g -Fu(E)r FD(.)150 2155 y Fz(4.2.8)55 b(System)17 b(Conditions)150 -2267 y FD(This)h(section)g(discusses)i(sp)q(ecial)e(logic)f(through)h(whic)o -(h)f(the)i(program)d(con)o(trols)i(and)f(receiv)o(es)j(information)150 -2317 y(ab)q(out)15 b(other)h(parts)h(of)d(the)j(system,)e(sp)q(eci\014cally)g -(memory)e(and)j(the)g(console.)23 b(An)o(y)16 b(program)d(also)i(has)h(con-) -150 2367 y(siderable)e(dealings)g(with)f(the)i(p)q(eripheral)f(equipmen)o(t,) -f(but)h(that)g(is)f(another)i(sub)r(ject.)150 2506 y Fz(System)i(Flags)150 -2592 y FD(F)m(our)g(of)h(these)h(eigh)o(t)e(\015ags)h(are)g(set)h(b)o(y)e -(memory)e(hardw)o(are)k(error)f(conditions.)30 b(Tw)o(o)17 -b(others)i(are)f(used)g(for)p eop -%%Page: 442 102 -442 101 bop 0 50 a FD(442)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(comm)o(unication)6 b(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)12 -b(pro)q(cessor)g(and)d(console,)i(and)f(one)g(is)g(used)g(b)o(y)g(the)h -(micro)q(co)q(de)e(to)h(signal)f(completion)0 245 y(of)j(an)h(in)o(terv)n(al) -f(coun)o(t.)18 b(The)13 b(program)f(can)h(enable)g(an)o(y)g(\015ag)f(to)h -(request)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(on)f(a)f(lev)o(el)h(assigned)g(to)0 -295 y(them)f(all.)k(There)e(are)f(of)g(course)h(other)f(error)h(indications)e -(b)q(esides)i(the)f(\015ags.)18 b(A)13 b(parit)o(y)f(error)i(in)e(the)h(in)o -(ternal)0 345 y(data)g(paths)g(of)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(causes)f(the)g -(console)f(to)g(sh)o(ut)h(do)o(wn)e(the)i(system)f(b)o(y)g(turning)g(o\013)f -(the)i(pro)q(cessor)0 394 y(clo)q(c)o(k.)k(Soft)o(w)o(are)c(errors)h(in)e -(the)i(handling)d(of)h(in)o(terrupts)i(and)f(some)f(pro)q(cessor)j(hardw)o -(are)e(failures)f(cause)i(the)0 444 y(micro)q(co)q(de)d(to)h(halt)f(the)h -(pro)q(cessor)h(as)f(discussed)h(in)e FB(x)q FD(4.2.7.)k(And)c(y)o(et)h -(other)g(conditions)g(cause)g(page)g(failures.)0 530 y(The)h(system)g -(\015ags)g(are)h(generally)e(regarded)i(as)g(imp)q(ortan)o(t)d(enough)i(to)g -(b)q(e)g(assigned)h(to)f(the)g(highest)h(priorit)o(y)0 580 -y(lev)o(el.)23 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)17 b(for)e(most)g(conditions)g(the)h -(common)d(practice)k(is)f(for)f(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f(to)g(switc)o(h)g(o)o(v)o -(er)g(to)f(the)0 629 y(lo)o(w)o(est)c(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el)g(b)o(y)g(means) -g(of)g(a)h(program{set)e(request.)19 b(Then)11 b(the)h(time)d(tak)o(en)i(to)f -(handle)h(the)g(situation,)0 679 y(whic)o(h)j(ma)o(y)e(w)o(ell)h(b)q(e)h -(considerable,)g(cannot)h(in)o(terfere)g(with)e(high)g(priorit)o(y)g(ev)o(en) -o(ts.)0 765 y(The)h(\015ags)g(are)g(handled)g(b)o(y)g(these)h(t)o(w)o(o)f -(instructions.)p 0 1014 1495 4 v 0 939 V -2 1012 4 75 v 1493 -1012 V 538 1012 V 579 1012 V 746 1012 V 12 1043 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 989 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)0 905 y Fk(WRAPR)138 b(W)n(rite)19 b(System)g(Flags)218 -988 y FD(70020)0 1139 y(Assign)g(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(lev)o(el)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(bits)g(33{35)f(of)h(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(conditions)e -Fu(E)i FD(and)e(p)q(erform)f(the)0 1189 y(functions)c(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y) -f(bits)g(20{31)f(as)h(sho)o(wn)g(\(a)f(1)h(in)g(a)f(bit)h(pro)q(duces)h(the)g -(indicated)f(function,)f(a)g(0)h(has)g(no)0 1239 y(e\013ect\).)p -0 1539 1495 2 v -1 1538 2 187 v 0 1352 1495 2 v 1494 1538 2 -187 v 248 1550 2 13 v 497 1550 V 746 1550 V 995 1550 V 1244 -1550 V 25 1568 a Fp(18)p 82 1538 2 21 v -34 w(18)p -1 1538 -V 49 w(19)p 165 1538 V -34 w(19)p 82 1538 V 298 w(23)p 497 -1496 2 84 v -283 w(20)p 165 1496 V 222 1463 a Fn(Selected)c(Flags)440 -1568 y Fp(23)p 497 1538 2 187 v -283 w(20)p 165 1538 V -34 -w(20)p 248 1393 2 42 v -34 w(20)p 165 1393 V 176 1383 a Fn(En)o(b)191 -1568 y Fp(20)p 248 1538 2 21 v -34 w(20)p 165 1538 V 49 w(21)p -331 1393 2 42 v -34 w(21)p 248 1393 V 265 1383 a Fn(Dis)274 -1568 y Fp(21)p 331 1538 2 21 v -34 w(21)p 248 1538 V 49 w(22)p -414 1393 2 42 v -34 w(22)p 331 1393 V 349 1383 a Fn(Clr)357 -1568 y Fp(22)p 414 1538 2 21 v -34 w(22)p 331 1538 V 49 w(23)p -497 1393 2 42 v -34 w(23)p 414 1393 V 432 1383 a Fn(Set)440 -1568 y Fp(23)p 497 1538 2 21 v -34 w(23)p 414 1538 V 630 w(31)p -1161 1393 2 42 v -615 w(24)p 497 1393 V 624 1380 a Fn(Select)g(Flags)h(for)g -(Bits)g(20{23)523 1568 y Fp(24)p 580 1538 2 146 v -34 w(24)p -497 1538 V 506 1457 a Fn(Flag)522 1497 y(24)606 1568 y Fp(25)p -663 1538 V -34 w(25)p 580 1538 V 600 1459 a Fn(In)o(t)584 1494 -y(Cons)689 1568 y Fp(26)p 746 1538 V -34 w(26)p 663 1538 V -674 1459 a Fn(Pwr)677 1494 y(F)m(ail)772 1568 y Fp(27)p 829 -1538 V -34 w(27)p 746 1538 V 767 1459 a Fn(No)750 1494 y(Mem)855 -1568 y Fp(28)p 912 1538 V -34 w(28)p 829 1538 V 841 1442 a -Fn(Bad)833 1477 y(Mem)834 1512 y(Data)938 1568 y Fp(29)p 995 -1538 V -34 w(29)p 912 1538 V 919 1442 a Fn(Corr)916 1477 y(Mem)917 -1512 y(Data)1021 1568 y Fp(30)p 1078 1538 V -34 w(30)p 995 -1538 V 1006 1459 a Fn(In)o(tv)998 1494 y(Done)1104 1568 y Fp(31)p -1161 1538 V -34 w(31)p 1078 1538 V 1082 1459 a Fn(Cons)1098 -1494 y(In)o(t)1187 1568 y Fp(32)p 1244 1538 2 187 v -34 w(32)p -1161 1538 V 215 w(35)p 1494 1538 V -200 w(33)p 1244 1538 V -1310 1411 a Fn(Priorit)o(y)1299 1453 y(In)o(terrupt)1280 1494 -y(Assignmen)o(t)1353 1568 y Fp(34)p 1411 1538 2 21 v -34 w(34)p -1328 1538 V 0 1727 a FD(Then)j(after)h(300)e(ns)h(clear)g(the)h(In)o(terrupt) -g(Console)f(\015ag.)0 1813 y(Bits)j(20{23)d(select)k(\015ag)e(functions:)22 -b(1s)16 b(in)g(these)i(bits)e(pro)q(duce)h(the)g(indicated)f(e\013ects)i(on)e -(the)h(system)f(\015ags)0 1863 y(selected)j(b)o(y)e(1s)h(in)e(bits)i(24{31.) -27 b(A)17 b(1)g(in)g(bit)g(20)f(enables)i(the)g(setting)g(of)e(an)o(y)h -(selected)i(\015ag)e(to)g(request)i(an)0 1913 y(in)o(terrupt)c(on)f(the)h -(lev)o(el)f(assigned)h(to)f(the)h(\015ags;)f(a)g(1)h(in)e(bit)i(21)e -(disables)i(the)g(selected)h(\015ags)e(from)f(requesting)0 -1962 y(in)o(terrupts.)20 b(Similarl)o(y)11 b(a)j(1)g(in)g(bit)f(22)h(or)g(23) -f(clears)i(or)f(sets)i(the)e(selected)i(\015ags.)j(The)14 b(result)h(of)e -(putting)h(1s)g(in)0 2012 y(b)q(oth)g(bits)g(20)f(and)h(21)f(or)h(22)g(and)f -(23)h(is)f(indeterminate.)0 2098 y(The)j(reason)g(for)f(clearing)g(In)o -(terrupt)h(Console)f(is)h(to)f(pro)o(vide)g(a)g(pulse)h(on)f(the)h(signal)e -(line)h(to)g(the)h(console)f(in)0 2148 y(case)g(the)g(instruction)f(has)g -(set)h(the)f(In)o(terrupt)i(Console)d(\015ag.)18 b(Pulsing)c(the)g(line)g -(triggers)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(in)e(the)0 2197 y(console)h(microprogram.)0 -2283 y(Notes.)32 b(Except)20 b(for)d(Flag)h(24)g(\(whic)o(h)g(has)g(no)g -(de\014ned)i(meaning\))c(and)i(In)o(terrupt)i(Console,)f(the)g(program)0 -2333 y(setting)d(a)f(\015ag)g(has)g(no)g(relation)g(to)g(what)g(the)h(\015ag) -f(represen)o(ts)j(|)d(the)h(function)f(is)g(used)h(only)f(to)g(c)o(hec)o(k)h -(out)0 2382 y(the)e(\015ag)g(logic.)p eop -%%Page: 443 103 -443 102 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(443)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 75 v 1643 353 -V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 246 -y Fk(RD)n(APR)152 b(Read)19 b(System)f(Flags)368 329 y FD(70024)150 -480 y(Read)13 b(the)i(status)f(of)f(the)i(system)e(\015ags)h(in)o(to)f(lo)q -(cation)g Fu(E)i FD(as)f(sho)o(wn)g(\(asterisks)h(indicate)e(bits)h(that)g -(can)g(cause)150 530 y(in)o(terrupts\))p 150 1162 1495 2 v -149 1161 2 187 v 150 975 1495 2 v 1644 1161 2 187 v 398 1174 -2 13 v 647 1174 V 896 1174 V 1145 1174 V 1394 1174 V 175 1191 -a Fp(18)p 232 1161 2 21 v -34 w(18)p 149 1161 V 49 w(19)p 315 -1161 V -34 w(19)p 232 1161 V 49 w(20)p 398 1161 V -34 w(20)p -315 1161 V 49 w(21)p 481 1161 V -34 w(21)p 398 1161 V 49 w(22)p -564 1161 V -34 w(22)p 481 1161 V 49 w(23)p 647 1161 V -34 w(23)p -564 1161 V 49 w(24)p 730 1161 2 187 v -34 w(24)p 647 1161 V -656 1059 a Fn(Flag)672 1099 y(24)681 970 y(*)756 1191 y Fp(25)p -813 1161 V -34 w(25)p 730 1161 V 762 1081 a FD(0)764 970 y -Fn(*)839 1191 y Fp(26)p 896 1161 V -34 w(26)p 813 1161 V 824 -1061 a Fn(Pwr)827 1097 y(F)m(ail)847 970 y(*)922 1191 y Fp(27)p -979 1161 V -34 w(27)p 896 1161 V 917 1062 a Fn(No)900 1097 -y(Mem)930 970 y(*)1005 1191 y Fp(28)p 1062 1161 V -34 w(28)p -979 1161 V 991 1044 a Fn(Bad)983 1079 y(Mem)984 1114 y(Data)1013 -970 y(*)1088 1191 y Fp(29)p 1145 1161 V -34 w(29)p 1062 1161 -V 1069 1044 a Fn(Corr)1066 1079 y(Mem)1067 1114 y(Data)1096 -970 y(*)1171 1191 y Fp(30)p 1228 1161 V -34 w(30)p 1145 1161 -V 1156 1062 a Fn(In)o(tv)1148 1097 y(Done)1179 970 y(*)1254 -1191 y Fp(31)p 1311 1161 V -34 w(31)p 1228 1161 V 1232 1062 -a Fn(Cons)1248 1097 y(In)o(t)1262 970 y(*)1337 1191 y Fp(32)p -1394 1161 V -34 w(32)p 1311 1161 V 1331 1058 a Fn(In)o(t)1324 -1093 y(Req)1586 1191 y Fp(35)p 1644 1161 V -200 w(33)p 1394 -1161 V 1460 1034 a Fn(Priorit)o(y)1449 1076 y(In)o(terrupt)1430 -1117 y(Assignmen)o(t)1503 1191 y Fp(34)p 1561 1161 2 21 v -34 -w(34)p 1478 1161 V 150 830 1495 2 v 149 829 2 187 v 150 643 -1495 2 v 1644 829 2 187 v 398 842 2 13 v 647 842 V 896 842 -V 1145 842 V 1394 842 V 183 859 a(0)p 232 829 2 21 v -17 w(0)p -149 829 V 66 w(1)p 315 829 V -17 w(1)p 232 829 V 66 w(2)p 398 -829 V -17 w(2)p 315 829 V 66 w(3)p 481 829 V -17 w(3)p 398 -829 V 66 w(4)p 564 829 V -17 w(4)p 481 829 V 66 w(5)p 647 829 -V -17 w(5)p 564 829 V 639 w(13)p 1311 684 2 42 v -607 w(6)p -647 684 V 772 671 a Fn(Flags)d(Enabled)f(to)h(In)o(terrupt)681 -859 y Fp(6)p 730 829 2 146 v -17 w(6)p 647 829 V 656 748 a -Fn(Flag)672 788 y(24)764 859 y Fp(7)p 813 829 V -17 w(7)p 730 -829 V 750 750 a Fn(In)o(t)734 785 y(Cons)847 859 y Fp(8)p 896 -829 V -17 w(8)p 813 829 V 824 750 a Fn(Pwr)827 786 y(F)m(ail)930 -859 y Fp(9)p 979 829 V -17 w(9)p 896 829 V 917 750 a Fn(No)900 -785 y(Mem)1005 859 y Fp(10)p 1062 829 V -34 w(10)p 979 829 -V 991 733 a Fn(Bad)983 768 y(Mem)984 803 y(Data)1088 859 y -Fp(11)p 1145 829 V -34 w(11)p 1062 829 V 1069 733 a Fn(Corr)1066 -768 y(Mem)1067 803 y(Data)1171 859 y Fp(12)p 1228 829 V -34 -w(12)p 1145 829 V 1156 750 a Fn(In)o(tv)1148 785 y(Done)1254 -859 y Fp(13)p 1311 829 V -34 w(13)p 1228 829 V 1232 750 a Fn(Cons)1248 -785 y(In)o(t)1337 859 y Fp(14)p 1394 829 2 21 v -34 w(14)p -1311 829 V 49 w(15)p 1478 829 V -34 w(15)p 1394 829 V 49 w(16)p -1561 829 V -34 w(16)p 1478 829 V 49 w(17)p 1644 829 V -34 w(17)p -1561 829 V 150 1333 a FD(6{13)70 b(A)12 b(1)g(in)g(an)o(y)g(of)g(these)h -(bits)g(indicates)g(that)f(setting)h(the)g(listed)f(\015ag)g(will)f(request)j -(an)e(in)o(terrupt)h(on)f(the)304 1382 y(lev)o(el)h(assigned)h(to)g(the)h -(\015ags)e(b)o(y)h(bits)g(33{35)f(of)g(the)h Fx(WRAPR)p FD(.)150 -1468 y(24)112 b(Spare)14 b(|)f(a)o(v)n(ailable)f(to)i(the)g(program)f(for)g -(an)o(y)g(purp)q(ose.)150 1554 y(25)112 b(\(In)o(terrupt)14 -b(Console.\))k(When)c(read,)f(this)h(\015ag)e(should)i(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(b)q(e)i -(0,)f(as)g(an)o(y)g Fx(WRAPR)f FD(that)i(sets)g(the)304 1603 -y(In)o(terrupt)h(Console)e(\015ag)h(also)f(clears)i(it)e(to)h(pro)o(vide)g(a) -f(pulse)i(on)e(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f(line)g(to)g(the)g(console.)150 -1689 y(26)112 b(\(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)13 b(F)m(ail.\))j(A)o(C)d(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)g -(has)g(failed.)j(The)d(program)f(should)g(execute)j(an)d(appropriate)h(sh)o -(ut{do)o(wn)304 1739 y(pro)q(cedure)k(and)d(halt)h(the)h(pro)q(cessor.)23 -b(Note)15 b(that)g(PC)h(ma)o(y)d(p)q(oin)o(t)h(to)h(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h -(routine)f(rather)304 1789 y(than)g(the)h(main)d(program.)21 -b(After)16 b(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)g(is)f(restored)i(the)f(console)g(m)o(ust)e(reb)q -(o)q(ot)i(the)g(system,)f(and)304 1838 y(the)f(Monitor)f(m)o(ust)g -(reestablish)i(the)g(op)q(erating)e(en)o(vironmen)o(t)g(\()p -FB(x)q FD(4.2.5\).)150 1924 y(27)112 b(\(No)15 b(Memory)m(.\))22 -b(The)16 b(pro)q(cessor)h(w)o(as)e(gran)o(ted)h(the)g(bus)g(for)f(access)j -(to)d(memory)m(,)e(but)i(the)h(memory)304 1974 y(con)o(troller)f(did)g(not)g -(resp)q(ond)h(within)e(t)o(w)o(o)h(bus)h(cycles.)23 b(This)15 -b(is)g(most)f(lik)o(ely)g(b)q(ecause)j(the)e(memory)304 2024 -y(subsystem)f(con)o(tained)g(no)g(arra)o(y)f(b)q(oard)h(corresp)q(onding)h -(to)f(the)g(address)i(giv)o(en,)d(or)g(there)j(has)e(b)q(een)304 -2073 y(a)f(refresh)i(error.)k(Note)14 b(that)g(this)g(condition)f(also)g(pro) -q(duces)i(a)f(page)f(failure.)18 b(Since)c(an)f(nonexisten)o(t)304 -2123 y(supplies)h(zero)h(data,)e(on)g(read)i(this)f(error)g(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j -(accompanied)e(b)o(y)g(a)h(1)g(in)f(bit)h(28.)150 2209 y(28)112 -b(\(Bad)16 b(Memory)f(Data.\))24 b(In)16 b(a)g(read)g(reference)j(b)o(y)c -(the)i(pro)q(cessor,)h(the)f(w)o(ord)f(retriev)o(ed)h(\(and)f(sen)o(t\))304 -2259 y(w)o(as)c(wrong)h(and)f(the)i(memory)c(circuits)k(w)o(ere)f(unable)g -(to)g(correct)h(it.)k(Note)13 b(that)g(this)f(condition)h(also)304 -2308 y(causes)i(a)e(page)h(failure.)150 2394 y(29)112 b(\(Corrected)19 -b(Memory)d(Data.\))27 b(In)17 b(a)g(read)h(reference)i(b)o(y)d(the)g(pro)q -(cessor,)j(the)e(w)o(ord)f(retriev)o(ed)h(w)o(as)304 2444 y(wrong)13 -b(but)h(the)h(memory)c(circuits)k(w)o(ere)g(able)e(to)h(correct)i(it.)150 -2529 y(30)112 b(\(In)o(terv)n(al)19 b(Done.\))34 b(The)19 b(micro)q(co)q(de)g -(has)h(completed)e(a)h(coun)o(t)h(of)e(the)i(in)o(terv)n(al)f(sp)q(eci\014ed) -h(b)o(y)f(the)304 2579 y(program.)p eop -%%Page: 444 104 -444 103 bop 0 50 a FD(444)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(31)112 b(\(Console)13 b(In)o(terrupt.\))20 -b(The)14 b(console)g(is)g(requesting)h(a)f(pro)q(cessor)h(in)o(terrupt.)0 -281 y(32)112 b(\(In)o(terrupt)12 b(Request.\))19 b(Some)10 -b(system)h(\015ag)g(is)h(curren)o(tly)g(requesting)h(an)e(in)o(terrupt,)h -(i.e.,)f(some)f(\015ag)h(in)154 330 y(bits)h(24{31)g(is)g(set)i(and)e(has)h -(b)q(een)h(enabled)e(to)h(in)o(terrupt)g(as)g(indicated)g(b)o(y)f(a)g(1)h(in) -f(the)h(corresp)q(onding)154 380 y(p)q(osition)g(in)g(bits)h(6{13.)0 -466 y(33{35)49 b(The)14 b(priorit)o(y)f(in)o(terrupt)i(lev)o(el)e(assigned)h -(to)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)g(b)o(y)f Fx(WRAPR)p FD(.)0 569 y -FA(Programming)i(Cautions.)24 b FD(When)16 b(handling)f(bad)h(data)g(or)g -(nonexisten)o(t)h(memory)d(in)o(terrupts,)j(the)g(pro-)0 619 -y(grammer)11 b(should)j(b)q(ew)o(are)h(of)e(the)i(follo)o(wing.)819 -737 y Fz(NOTE)104 828 y FD(In)h(general)g(it)f(is)h(b)q(etter)i(not)d(to)h -(use)h(the)f(in)o(terrupt)h(for)f(these)h(conditions,)f(as)g(the)g(page)g -(failure)104 878 y(pro)o(vides)g(more)e(information.)20 b(Moreo)o(v)o(er,)c -(if)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt)h(is)e(used,)h(the)h(pro)q(cessor)g(in)o(terrupts) -104 928 y(out)d(of)f(the)h(page)g(failure,)f(whic)o(h)h(o)q(ccurs)h(\014rst.) -62 1120 y FB(\017)21 b FD(Should)d(an)h(error)g(\015ag)g(b)q(e)g(set)h(while) -e(another)h(in)o(terrupt)h(request)g(is)f(b)q(eing)g(pro)q(cessed,)j(the)d -(system)104 1170 y(w)o(ould)13 b(handle)g(the)h(lo)o(w)o(er)f(priorit)o(y)g -(in)o(terrupt)h(b)q(efore)h(getting)e(to)h(the)g(\015ag)f(in)o(terrupt.)19 -b(This)13 b(means)g(PC)104 1220 y(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(p)q(oin)o(ting)e(to)i(a)f -(lo)o(w)o(er)h(lev)o(el)f(in)o(terrupt)h(routine)g(rather)h(than)f(the)g -(program)e(lev)o(el)h(at)h(whic)o(h)f(the)104 1270 y(error)i(o)q(ccurred.)62 -1351 y FB(\017)21 b FD(Ev)o(en)14 b(without)f(inadv)o(erten)o(t)h(in)o -(terference)i(from)c(another)i(lev)o(el,)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(ma)o(y)c(p)q -(erform)h(another)104 1401 y(instruction)j(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(the)e(time)f -(the)i(error)g(\015ag)e(sets)j(and)d(its)i(in)o(terrupt)f(starts.)26 -b(Hence)17 b(ev)o(en)g(though)104 1451 y(PC)d(is)g(at)h(the)g(correct)h -(program)c(lev)o(el,)i(it)g(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j(p)q(oin)o(ting)e(to)i(the)g -(instruction)f(follo)o(wing)e(the)j(one)f(in)104 1501 y(whic)o(h)g(the)g -(error)h(o)q(ccurred.)62 1583 y FB(\017)21 b FD(An)15 b(error)h(in)o(terrupt) -f(that)g(switc)o(hes)h(o)o(v)o(er)f(to)g(a)g(lo)o(w)o(er)f(priorit)o(y)g(lev) -o(el)h(should)g(not)f(return)j(to)d(the)i(in)o(ter-)104 1632 -y(rupted)g(program,)d(as)j(the)f(error)i(ma)o(y)c(simply)g(recur,)j(pro)q -(ducing)g(a)e(second)j(\015ag)d(in)o(terrupt)i(b)q(efore)g(the)104 -1682 y(error{handling)f(in)o(terrupt)h(for)f(the)i(\014rst.)24 -b(This)15 b(could)g(happ)q(en)i(b)q(ecause)g(PC)f(is)f(actually)g(p)q(oin)o -(ting)f(to)104 1732 y(the)f(o\013ending)f(instruction,)g(but)g(b)q(ey)o(ond)h -(that,)f(one)g(error)h(often)f(b)q(egets)i(another)f(|)e(consider)i(the)g -(case)104 1782 y(of)k(PC)g(coun)o(ting)g(in)o(to)g(a)g(nonexisten)o(t)h -(memory)m(.)25 b(In)18 b(an)o(y)f(ev)o(en)o(t,)h(it)f(is)g(generally)g(not)g -(w)o(orth)o(while)g(to)104 1832 y(return)e(to)f(an)o(y)f(program)f(without)i -(\014rst)g(\014nding)g(out)g(what)f(has)h(gone)g(wrong.)0 2009 -y Fz(Memory)j(Status)0 2095 y FD(The)h(memory)d(con)o(troller)j(rep)q(orts)h -(information)c(on)i(error)i(conditions)e(b)o(y)h(means)f(of)g(status)h(that)g -(the)g(pro-)0 2145 y(gram)12 b(\(or)i(op)q(erator\))g(can)g(read)h(or)e(test) -i(using)f(I/O)f(instructions)i(that)f(address)h(the)f(con)o(troller)g(\(I/O)g -(address)0 2194 y(0100000\).)i(Note)d(that)g(the)g(errors)h(rep)q(orted)g(ma) -o(y)d(ha)o(v)o(e)h(nothing)g(whatev)o(er)h(to)g(do)f(with)g(the)i(program)d -(or)h(pro-)0 2244 y(cessor:)19 b(they)13 b(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)j(the)g(result)h -(of)d(access)k(b)o(y)d(an)g(adapter)h(of)f(the)h(console.)18 -b(On)12 b(ev)o(ery)i(access)g(the)f(con)o(troller)0 2294 y(regularly)h(loads) -h(the)g(address)h(and,)f(if)f(read,)h(the)g(error)h(correction)g(co)q(de)g -(in)o(to)e(the)h(status)h(register.)22 b(But)15 b(if)f(a)0 -2344 y(read)f(error)h(\(incorrect)g(data)e(read)i(from)d(the)i(storage)g -(arra)o(y\))g(or)f(refresh)j(error)e(o)q(ccurs,)h(the)g(address)g(and)e(co)q -(de)0 2394 y(are)k(held)g(|)g(ev)o(en)h(through)f(subsequen)o(t)h(errors)h(|) -d(un)o(til)g(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(or)e(console)g(writes)h(a)e(status)i(w)o -(ord)0 2443 y(that)d(clears)h(the)f(holding)f(\015ag.)0 2529 -y(The)j(remainder)g(of)f(this)h(section)h(iden)o(ti\014es)f(the)h -(information)c(read)j(as)g(status)h(and)f(the)h(functions)f(that)g(can)0 -2579 y(b)q(e)g(p)q(erformed)f(b)o(y)g(writing)g(status.)23 -b(F)m(or)15 b(advice)g(on)g(ho)o(w)g(to)g(use)h(the)g(information)d(for)i -(diagnosing)e(memory)0 2629 y(problems,)f(the)j(reader)g(should)f(turn)g(to)g -(the)g(main)o(tenance)f(do)q(cumen)o(tation.)p eop -%%Page: 445 105 -445 104 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.2.)31 b(KS10)14 b(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m(TIONS)1065 -b FD(445)150 164 y Fy(R)n(e)n(ad)15 b(Status)p 150 777 1495 -2 v 149 776 2 187 v 150 590 1495 2 v 1644 776 2 187 v 398 789 -2 13 v 647 789 V 896 789 V 1145 789 V 1394 789 V 1586 806 a -Fp(35)p 1644 776 2 187 v -1445 w(18)p 149 776 V 567 697 a FD(Last)f(Address)i -(or)e(First)g(Error)g(Address)258 806 y Fp(19)p 315 776 2 21 -v -34 w(19)p 232 776 V 49 w(20)p 398 776 V -34 w(20)p 315 776 -V 49 w(21)p 481 776 V -34 w(21)p 398 776 V 49 w(22)p 564 776 -V -34 w(22)p 481 776 V 49 w(23)p 647 776 V -34 w(23)p 564 776 -V 49 w(24)p 730 776 V -34 w(24)p 647 776 V 49 w(25)p 813 776 -V -34 w(25)p 730 776 V 49 w(26)p 896 776 V -34 w(26)p 813 776 -V 49 w(27)p 979 776 V -34 w(27)p 896 776 V 49 w(28)p 1062 776 -V -34 w(28)p 979 776 V 49 w(29)p 1145 776 V -34 w(29)p 1062 -776 V 49 w(30)p 1228 776 V -34 w(30)p 1145 776 V 49 w(31)p -1311 776 V -34 w(31)p 1228 776 V 49 w(32)p 1394 776 V -34 w(32)p -1311 776 V 49 w(33)p 1478 776 V -34 w(33)p 1394 776 V 49 w(34)p -1561 776 V -34 w(34)p 1478 776 V 150 445 1495 2 v 149 444 2 -187 v 150 258 1495 2 v 1644 444 2 187 v 398 457 2 13 v 647 -457 V 896 457 V 1145 457 V 1394 457 V 183 474 a(0)p 232 444 -2 187 v -17 w(0)p 149 444 V 166 344 a Fn(Err)164 380 y(Hld)266 -474 y Fp(1)p 315 444 V -17 w(1)p 232 444 V 244 327 a Fn(Unc)249 -362 y(Err)247 397 y(Hld)349 474 y Fp(2)p 398 444 V -17 w(2)p -315 444 V 332 345 a Fn(Rfr)332 380 y(Err)432 474 y Fp(3)p 481 -444 V -17 w(3)p 398 444 V 413 345 a Fn(P)o(ar)415 380 y(Err)515 -474 y Fp(4)p 564 444 V -17 w(4)p 481 444 V 486 345 a Fn(ECC)500 -380 y(On)1088 474 y Fp(11)p 1145 382 2 125 v -524 w(5)p 564 -382 V 650 334 a FD(Error)h(Correction)g(Co)q(de)1088 474 y -Fp(11)p 1145 444 V -524 w(5)p 564 444 V -17 w(5)p 647 444 2 -42 v -17 w(5)p 564 444 V 582 435 a Fn(CP)681 474 y Fp(6)p 730 -444 V -17 w(6)p 647 444 V 659 435 a Fn(C40)764 474 y Fp(7)p -813 444 V -17 w(7)p 730 444 V 742 435 a Fn(C20)847 474 y Fp(8)p -896 444 V -17 w(8)p 813 444 V 825 435 a Fn(C10)930 474 y Fp(9)p -979 444 V -17 w(9)p 896 444 V 917 435 a Fn(C4)1005 474 y Fp(10)p -1062 444 V -34 w(10)p 979 444 V 1000 435 a Fn(C2)1088 474 y -Fp(11)p 1145 444 V -34 w(11)p 1062 444 V 1083 435 a Fn(C1)1171 -474 y Fp(12)p 1228 444 2 187 v -34 w(12)p 1145 444 V 1160 345 -a Fn(Bat)1156 380 y(Lo)o(w)1254 474 y Fp(13)p 1311 444 V -34 -w(13)p 1228 444 V 298 w(17)p 1644 382 2 125 v -283 w(14)p 1311 -382 V 1375 309 a FD(High)e(Order)1362 359 y(Address)j(Bits)1420 -474 y Fp(15)p 1478 444 2 42 v -34 w(15)p 1394 444 V 49 w(16)p -1561 444 V -34 w(16)p 1478 444 V 150 948 a FD(0)133 b(The)13 -b(memory)e(con)o(troller)i(has)h(detected)h(a)e(read)h(error)g(or)f(a)g -(refresh)i(error)f(\(bit)f(3\))h(and)f(has)g(held)g(the)304 -998 y(error)h(correction)h(co)q(de)g(in)e(bits)h(5{11)f(and)h(the)h(address)g -(supplied)f(o)o(v)o(er)g(the)g(bus)g(in)g(bits)g(14{35.)150 -1083 y(1)133 b(The)17 b(co)q(de)h(and)f(address)h(are)f(b)q(eing)g(held)g -(for)g(a)f(read)i(error)g(in)e(whic)o(h)h(the)h(data)e(read)i(w)o(as)f -(uncor-)304 1133 y(rectable.)150 1218 y(2)133 b(A)15 b(refresh)i(cycle)g(w)o -(as)e(still)g(not)g(\014nished)h(10)p Fu(:)p FD(3)p Fu(\026)p -FD(s)f(after)h(the)g(refresh)h(logic)e(requested)i(it.)23 b(The)16 -b(most)304 1268 y(lik)o(ely)c(cause)k(is)e(that)g(the)h(memory)c(cycle)k -(logic)e(w)o(as)h(w)o(aiting)f(for)h(write)g(data)g(that)g(failed)f(to)h -(arriv)o(e.)304 1318 y(Setting)g(this)g(\015ag)g(b)q(oth)g(clears)h(and)f(sh) -o(uts)h(do)o(wn)f(the)g(cycle)h(logic,)e(so)h(refreshing)h(can)f(con)o(tin)o -(ue)h(but)304 1368 y(the)f(memory)d(is)j(una)o(v)n(ailable)e(to)i(the)g(rest) -h(of)f(the)g(system)g(un)o(til)f(a)g(write)i(status)f(clears)h(the)f(\015ag.) -150 1453 y(3)133 b(A)14 b(parit)o(y)g(error)h(has)f(b)q(een)h(detected)i(in)c -(information)f(\(command/address,)g(data,)h(status\))j(receiv)o(ed)304 -1503 y(b)o(y)e(the)i(memory)c(con)o(troller)j(o)o(v)o(er)g(the)g(bus.)22 -b(This)15 b(error)h(indication)d(is)i(sen)o(t)h(to)f(the)g(console,)g(whic)o -(h)304 1553 y(ma)o(y)d(resp)q(ond)j(b)o(y)e(turning)h(o\013)g(the)g(pro)q -(cessor)i(clo)q(c)o(k.)150 1639 y(4)133 b(The)14 b(error)h(correcting)g -(circuits)f(are)h(activ)o(e.)150 1724 y(5{11)70 b(This)16 b(is)g(the)i(error) -f(correction)h(co)q(de)f(for)f(the)h(last)g(read)g(data)f(access,)i(unless)g -(bit)e(0)g(is)h(1,)f(in)g(whic)o(h)304 1774 y(case)g(it)f(is)g(the)h(co)q(de) -h(for)e(the)h(cycle)g(on)f(whic)o(h)h(a)f(read)h(error)g(o)q(ccurred)h(or)f -(for)f(the)h(last)f(read)h(access)304 1824 y(b)q(efore)e(a)g(refresh)h -(error.)150 1909 y(12)112 b(Battery)14 b(bac)o(kup)f(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)g(\(if)g -(presen)o(t\))h(is)f(lo)o(w,)f(and)h(will)f(not)h(b)q(e)g(able)g(to)g -(sustain)g(memory)e(refresh)j(in)304 1959 y(the)g(ev)o(en)o(t)h(of)e(an)h(A)o -(C)f(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)i(failure.)150 2045 y(14{35)49 b(This)18 -b(is)g(the)i(address)f(supplied)g(in)f(the)h(last)f(bus)h(transaction)g(with) -f(memory)m(,)f(unless)i(bit)f(0)g(is)h(1,)304 2095 y(in)c(whic)o(h)h(case)h -(it)f(is)f(the)i(address)g(used)g(in)f(the)g(data)g(access)i(that)e(caused)h -(the)f(error)h(hold)f(\(a)f(read)304 2144 y(address)g(on)e(a)h(read)g(error,) -h(a)e(write)i(address)g(on)e(a)h(refresh)h(error\).)p eop -%%Page: 446 106 -446 105 bop 0 50 a FD(446)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 164 y Fy(Write)g(Status)p 0 777 1495 2 v --1 776 2 187 v 0 590 1495 2 v 1494 776 2 187 v 248 789 2 13 -v 497 789 V 746 789 V 995 789 V 1244 789 V 25 806 a Fp(18)p -82 776 2 21 v -34 w(18)p -1 776 V 49 w(19)p 165 776 V -34 w(19)p -82 776 V 49 w(20)p 248 776 V -34 w(20)p 165 776 V 49 w(21)p -331 776 V -34 w(21)p 248 776 V 49 w(22)p 414 776 V -34 w(22)p -331 776 V 49 w(23)p 497 776 V -34 w(23)p 414 776 V 49 w(24)p -580 776 V -34 w(24)p 497 776 V 49 w(25)p 663 776 V -34 w(25)p -580 776 V 49 w(26)p 746 776 V -34 w(26)p 663 776 V 49 w(27)p -829 776 V -34 w(27)p 746 776 V 547 w(34)p 1411 776 2 187 v --532 w(28)p 829 776 V 464 w(34)p 1411 652 2 42 v -532 w(28)p -829 652 V 989 642 a Fn(F)m(orce)d(Chec)o(k)g(Bits)855 806 y -Fp(28)p 912 776 V -34 w(28)p 829 776 V 847 767 a Fn(CP)938 -806 y Fp(29)p 995 776 V -34 w(29)p 912 776 V 924 767 a Fn(C40)1021 -806 y Fp(30)p 1078 776 V -34 w(30)p 995 776 V 1007 767 a Fn(C20)1104 -806 y Fp(31)p 1161 776 V -34 w(31)p 1078 776 V 1090 767 a Fn(C10)1187 -806 y Fp(32)p 1244 776 V -34 w(32)p 1161 776 V 1182 767 a Fn(C4)1270 -806 y Fp(33)p 1328 776 V -34 w(33)p 1244 776 V 1265 767 a Fn(C2)1353 -806 y Fp(34)p 1411 776 V -34 w(34)p 1328 776 V 1348 767 a Fn(C1)1436 -806 y Fp(35)p 1494 776 2 187 v -34 w(35)p 1411 776 V 1415 676 -a Fn(ECC)1429 712 y(O\013)p 0 445 1495 2 v -1 444 2 187 v 0 -258 1495 2 v 1494 444 2 187 v 248 457 2 13 v 497 457 V 746 -457 V 995 457 V 1244 457 V 33 474 a Fp(0)p 82 444 2 187 v -17 -w(0)p -1 444 V 17 304 a Fn(Clr)16 339 y(Err)14 375 y(Hld)19 -412 y(\(1\))116 474 y Fp(1)p 165 444 V -17 w(1)p 82 444 V 66 -w(2)p 248 444 V -17 w(2)p 165 444 V 183 304 a Fn(Clr)182 340 -y(Rfr)182 375 y(Err)185 412 y(\(1\))282 474 y Fp(3)p 331 444 -V -17 w(3)p 248 444 V 263 345 a Fn(P)o(ar)265 380 y(Err)365 -474 y Fp(4)p 414 444 2 21 v -17 w(4)p 331 444 V 66 w(5)p 497 -444 V -17 w(5)p 414 444 V 66 w(6)p 580 444 V -17 w(6)p 497 -444 V 66 w(7)p 663 444 V -17 w(7)p 580 444 V 66 w(8)p 746 444 -V -17 w(8)p 663 444 V 66 w(9)p 829 444 V -17 w(9)p 746 444 -V 58 w(10)p 912 444 V -34 w(10)p 829 444 V 49 w(11)p 995 444 -V -34 w(11)p 912 444 V 49 w(12)p 1078 444 2 187 v -34 w(12)p -995 444 V 1013 304 a Fn(Clr)1006 339 y(Pwr)1009 375 y(F)m(ail)1015 -412 y(\(0\))1436 474 y Fp(17)p 1494 444 V -366 w(13)p 1078 -444 V 49 w(14)p 1244 444 2 21 v -34 w(14)p 1161 444 V 49 w(15)p -1328 444 V -34 w(15)p 1244 444 V 49 w(16)p 1411 444 V -34 w(16)p -1328 444 V 0 948 a FD(0)133 b(A)14 b(1)f(in)h(this)f(bit)h(clears)h(Error)f -(Hold,)f(whic)o(h)h(in)f(turn)i(clears)f(Uncorrectable)i(Error)e(Hold)g(and)f -(drops)154 998 y(the)h(hold)f(on)h(the)g(error)h(co)q(de)g(and)f(address)0 -1083 y(2)133 b(A)14 b(1)f(clears)i(Refresh)f(Error.)0 1169 -y(3)133 b(A)14 b(0)f(clears)i(P)o(arit)o(y)e(Error,)h(but)g(a)g(1)g(sets)h -(it)e(allo)o(wing)f(c)o(hec)o(k)o(out)j(of)e(the)h(asso)q(ciated)h(logic.)0 -1254 y(12)112 b(A)14 b(0)f(clears)i(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)f(F)m(ailed.)0 -1340 y(28{34)49 b(A)16 b(nonzero)h(co)q(de)h(forces)f(the)g(indication)e(of)h -(errors)i(where)f(none)g(exist,)g(allo)o(wing)d(c)o(hec)o(k)o(out)k(of)d(the) -154 1390 y(error)f(detection)h(and)f(correction)h(circuits.)0 -1475 y(35)112 b(A)14 b(1)f(disables)h(the)h(error)f(correcting)h(circuits.)k -(A)14 b(0)g(restores)i(them)d(to)g(their)i(normal,)c(activ)o(e)j(state.)p -eop -%%Page: 447 107 -447 106 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(447)150 195 y Fv(4.3)70 b(KI10)23 b(and)h(KA10)f(System)d(Op) -r(erations)150 322 y FD(The)d(information)d(presen)o(ted)k(in)f(this)f(c)o -(hapter)i(is)e(primarily)e(for)i(Digital's)f(o)o(wn)h(system)g(programmers,)f -(for)150 372 y(their)d(use)h(in)e(writing)g(the)h(Monitor)f(and)h(other)g -(soft)o(w)o(are.)18 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)12 b(it)f(is)h(also)f(needed)i(b)o(y)e -(an)o(y)o(one)h(who)f(wishes)150 421 y(to)19 b(write)g(his)g(o)o(wn)g(op)q -(erating)g(system,)g(to)g(some)f(exten)o(t)i(b)o(y)f(users)h(who)f(handle)g -(their)g(o)o(wn)g(I/O,)f(and)h(b)o(y)150 471 y(programmers)12 -b(in)h(a)h(situation)f(where)i(all)e(the)h(facilities)f(of)g(a)h(system)g -(are)g(dedicated)h(to)f(a)f(single)h(large)f(task.)150 557 -y(Programming)e(for)k(the)g(system)f(as)h(a)g(whole)f(is)h(programmi)o(ng)d -(in)i(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de.)j(In)c(the)g(KI10)g(executiv)o(e)150 -607 y(mo)q(de)f(is)g(divided)h(in)o(to)f(k)o(ernel)h(and)g(sup)q(ervisor)g -(mo)q(des.)20 b(Only)15 b(the)g(k)o(ernel)g(program)f(is)g(without)h -(instruction)150 656 y(restrictions,)f(and)e(only)g(it)g(can)h(access)h(ph)o -(ysical)e(core)h(unpaged.)18 b(The)13 b(sup)q(ervisor)h(program)d(lab)q(ors)h -(under)h(the)150 706 y(same)i(instruction)i(restrictions)h(as)e(the)h(user)h -(and)e(has)g(no)g(w)o(a)o(y)g(of)g(b)o(ypassing)g(them,)g(although)f(it)h -(can)g(read)150 756 y(but)c(not)g(alter)f(concealed)i(pages)f(\(the)h(k)o -(ernel)f(program)e(can)i(supply)g(data)f(tables)h(to)g(the)g(sup)q(ervisor)h -(program,)150 806 y(and)i(the)g(latter)h(cannot)f(a\013ect)h(them\).)21 -b(In)15 b(the)g(KA10)g(the)h(executiv)o(e)g(program)d(has)j(no)e -(restrictions,)i(and)f(it)150 856 y(manages)e(protection)h(and)g(relo)q -(cation)f(hardw)o(are)i(that)f(is)f(applicable)g(only)g(to)h(the)h(user.)150 -941 y(The)j(amoun)o(t)e(of)h(useful)h(w)o(ork)g(done)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(system)g -(dep)q(ends)h(up)q(on)f(ho)o(w)f(e\016cien)o(tly)h(and)g(e\013ectiv)o(ely)g -(the)150 991 y(executiv)o(e)j(manages)e(the)h(system.)36 b(This)20 -b(means)f(selecting)i(whic)o(h)f(pro)q(cesses)i(will)d(run)h(when,)i -(managing)150 1041 y(their)d(w)o(orking)f(areas,)i(resp)q(onding)f(to)g -(their)g(needs,)i(and)d(ev)o(en)h(reacting)h(to)e(error)i(situations)e(or)h -(p)q(erhaps)150 1091 y(do)o(wnrigh)o(t)c(unacceptable)j(b)q(eha)o(vior)d(on)h -(the)h(part)f(of)g(the)g(user.)26 b(The)17 b(KI10)f(k)o(ernel)g(program)f -(accomplishes)150 1140 y(these)e(ob)r(jectiv)o(es)f(b)o(y)f(handling)f(all)g -(in{out)g(for)h(the)h(system)f(setting)h(up)f(page)g(maps,)f(trap)h(lo)q -(cations,)g(in)o(terrupt)150 1190 y(lo)q(cations)k(and)g(the)g(lik)o(e)g(for) -g(b)q(oth)g(itself)g(and)g(the)g(users,)i(k)o(eeping)e(job)g(accoun)o(ts,)h -(and)f(so)g(forth.)21 b(The)16 b(KA10)150 1240 y(executiv)o(e)c(program)e -(also)h(handles)g(in{out,)g(job)g(accoun)o(ts)h(and)f(in)o(terrupts,)h(but)g -(it)f(manages)f(the)i(user)g(w)o(orking)150 1290 y(space)18 -b(b)o(y)f(setting)h(up)f(protection)h(and)f(relo)q(cation)g(registers,)i(and) -e(it)f(tak)o(es)i(care)g(of)f(arithmetic)f(and)h(stac)o(k)150 -1340 y(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)d(via)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt.)150 -1425 y(Except)21 b(for)e(handling)f(in{out,)h(the)h(activities)f(of)g(an)g -(op)q(erating)g(system)g(are)h(the)g(topics)g(co)o(v)o(ered)g(in)f(this)150 -1475 y(c)o(hapter.)38 b(The)20 b(\014rst)h(section,)h(on)e(the)h(console,)h -(is)e(applicable)f(to)h(b)q(oth)g(pro)q(cessors.)39 b(The)21 -b(basic)f(system)150 1525 y(information)c(is)j(co)o(v)o(ered)h(in)f(three)h -(sections)g(separately)g(for)e(eac)o(h:)29 b(sections)20 b -FB(x)q FD(4.3.2{)p FB(x)n FD(4.3.4)d(for)i(the)h(KI10,)150 -1575 y(sections)d FB(x)p FD(4.3.5{)p FB(x)o FD(4.3.7)c(for)i(the)h(KA10.)23 -b(The)16 b(last)f(section)h(discusses)i(the)e(DK10)f(real)g(time)f(clo)q(c)o -(k,)i(whic)o(h)f(is)150 1625 y(used)f(in)f(b)q(oth.)18 b(Of)13 -b(course)i(the)f(system)f(programmer)e(m)o(ust)h(also)g(b)q(e)i(quite)g -(famili)o(ar)c(with)j(all)f(of)h(the)h(material)150 1674 y(presen)o(ted)g(in) -d(Chapters)h(1)g(and)f(2.)17 b(In)12 b(particular)f(he)h(m)o(ust)e(fully)h -(understand)h(the)h(arc)o(hitecture)g(of)e(the)h(system)150 -1724 y(as)17 b(discussed)h(in)e(Chapter)h(1,)f(and)g(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)h(esp)q -(ecially)f(w)o(ell)g(v)o(ersed)i(in)e(the)h(use)g(of)f(the)h -Fx(JRST)f FD(instruction,)150 1774 y(MUUOs,)e(and)g(I/O)g(instructions)h(\()p -FB(x)p FD(2.9.4,)d FB(x)p FD(2.16,)g FB(x)q FD(2.18\).)150 -1860 y(In)k(sev)o(eral)i(of)d(the)i Fx(CONI)f FD(bit)g(assignmen)o(t)g(dra)o -(wings)g(in)g(this)g(section,)i(bits)e(that)h(can)f(cause)i(in)o(terrupts)g -(are)150 1909 y(indicated)c(b)o(y)g(asterisks.)150 2061 y Fz(4.3.1)55 -b(Console)150 2174 y FD(Most)12 b(console)g(op)q(erations)g(are)h(en)o -(tirely)f(man)o(ual,)d(and)j(these)h(are)f(describ)q(ed)i(in)e(App)q(endix)g -(G.2.)k(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)c(the)150 2223 y(program)g(can)h(comm)o(unicate)f -(with)h(the)h(console)f(in)g(a)g(limited)f(w)o(a)o(y)m(,)g(and)h(the)h -(programmer)d(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)i(familiar)150 2273 y(with)g(the)g(format)e -(and)i(execution)g(of)g(the)g(readin)g(function.)150 2412 y -Fz(Readin)k(Mo)r(de)150 2498 y FD(This)10 b(mo)q(de)g(of)f(pro)q(cessor)k(op) -q(eration)d(pro)o(vides)g(a)g(means)g(of)g(placing)f(information)f(in)i -(memory)e(without)i(relying)150 2548 y(on)i(a)f(program)f(already)i(in)f -(memory)e(or)j(loading)e(one)i(w)o(ord)g(at)g(a)f(time)f(man)o(ually)m(.)k -(Its)f(principal)e(use)h(is)g(to)f(read)150 2598 y(in)g(a)f(short)i(loader)f -(program)f(whic)o(h)h(is)g(then)g(used)h(for)f(loading)f(other)h -(information.)k(A)c(loader)g(program)e(should)p eop -%%Page: 448 108 -448 107 bop 0 50 a FD(448)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(ordinarily)h(b)q(e)i(used)g(rather)g(than)f -(readin)g(mo)q(de,)g(as)g(a)g(loader)g(can)g(c)o(hec)o(k)i(the)e(v)n(alidit)o -(y)e(of)i(the)h(information)0 245 y(read.)0 330 y(Pressing)e(the)g(readin)g -(k)o(ey)f(on)h(the)g(console)f(activ)n(ates)h(readin)f(mo)q(de)g(b)o(y)g -(starting)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(in)d(a)g(sp)q(ecial)0 380 -y(hardw)o(are)j(sequence)i(that)e(sim)o(ulates)f(a)h Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)d -FD(follo)o(w)o(ed)i(b)o(y)g(a)h(series)h(of)f Fx(BLKI)f FD(instructions,)i -(all)e(of)g(whic)o(h)0 430 y(address)i(the)f(device)g(whose)g(co)q(de)g(is)f -(selected)j(b)o(y)d(the)h(readin)f(device)i(switc)o(hes)f(at)f(the)h(left)g -(just)f(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g(the)0 480 y(console)11 b(op)q(erator)g(panel.)17 -b(V)m(arious)10 b(devices)i(can)f(b)q(e)g(used,)h(and)e(for)h(eac)o(h)g -(there)h(are)f(sp)q(ecial)g(rules)g(that)g(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)0 -530 y(follo)o(w)o(ed.)17 b(But)e(the)f(readin)h(mo)q(de)e(c)o(haracteristics) -i(of)f(an)o(y)g(particular)f(device)i(are)g(treated)g(in)f(the)g(discussion)0 -580 y(of)d(the)i(device)f(\(pap)q(er)h(tap)q(e,)f(DECtap)q(e,)h(and)e -(standard)h(magnetic)f(tap)q(e\).)18 b(Here)13 b(w)o(e)f(are)g(concerned)i -(only)d(with)0 629 y(the)j(general)h(c)o(haracteristics.)0 -715 y(The)h(information)d(read)k(is)f(a)f(blo)q(c)o(k)h(of)f(data)h(\(suc)o -(h)h(as)f(a)g(loader)f(program\))g(preceded)j(b)o(y)e(a)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g -(for)f(the)0 765 y Fx(BLKI)f FD(instructions.)20 b(The)15 b(left)f(half)g(of) -g(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(con)o(tains)h(the)g(negativ)o(e)f(of)g(the)h(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)f(of)g(w)o(ords)g(in)g(the)0 815 y(blo)q(c)o(k,)e(the)h(righ)o(t)g -(half)e(con)o(tains)i(an)g(address)h(one)f(less)g(than)g(that)g(of)f(the)h -(lo)q(cation)f(that)h(is)f(to)h(receiv)o(e)h(the)f(\014rst)0 -864 y(w)o(ord.)0 950 y(T)m(o)18 b(read)h(in,)g(the)g(op)q(erator)g(m)o(ust)f -(set)h(up)g(the)g(device)h(he)f(is)g(using,)g(set)g(its)g(co)q(de)g(in)o(to)f -(the)h(readin)g(device)0 1000 y(switc)o(hes,)14 b(and)g(press)h(the)f(readin) -g(k)o(ey)m(.)j(This)d(k)o(ey)g(function)f(\014rst)i(duplicates)f(the)g -(action)f(of)g(the)h(console)g(reset)0 1050 y(k)o(ey)m(,)f(whic)o(h)g(clears) -h(b)q(oth)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(and)f(the)g(in{out)e(equipmen)o(t;)g(in)h -(particular)g(it)g(places)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)0 1099 y(in)e(executiv)o(e)i -(mo)q(de,)d(and)i(in)f(the)h(KI10)f(selects)j(k)o(ernel)e(mo)q(de)e(with)i -(executiv)o(e)g(paging)f(disabled,)g(so)h(all)e(access)0 1149 -y(will)g(b)q(e)h(to)g(the)h(\014rst)g(256K)f(of)f(ph)o(ysical)h(memory)e -(unpaged.)17 b(F)m(ollo)o(wing)10 b(this)i(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(places)e(the) -h(device)0 1199 y(in)18 b(op)q(eration,)h(brings)g(the)g(\014rst)g(w)o(ord)g -(\(the)g(p)q(oin)o(ter\))g(in)o(to)f(lo)q(cation)f(0,)i(and)g(then)g(reads)g -(the)h(data)e(blo)q(c)o(k,)0 1249 y(placing)e(the)i(w)o(ords)g(in)f(the)g(lo) -q(cations)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter.)28 -b(Data)17 b(can)g(b)q(e)h(placed)g(an)o(ywhere)g(in)e(the)0 -1299 y(\014rst)g(256K)f(of)g(memory)e(\(including)i(fast)g(memory\))e(except) -k(in)e(lo)q(cation)f(0.)23 b(The)16 b(op)q(eration)f(a\013ects)i(none)f(of)0 -1348 y(memory)11 b(except)16 b(lo)q(cation)d(0)g(and)h(the)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g -(area.)0 1434 y(Up)q(on)g(completing)e(the)i(blo)q(c)o(k,)f(the)h(pro)q -(cessor)i(lea)o(v)o(es)d(readin)h(mo)q(de)f(and)g(b)q(egins)h(normal)e(op)q -(eration.)18 b(This)13 b(is)0 1484 y(done)h(in)g(the)g(KI10)g(b)o(y)f -(jumping)f(to)i(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(con)o(taining)g(the)h(last)g(w)o(ord)g -(in)f(the)h(blo)q(c)o(k,)g(in)f(the)h(KA10)g(b)o(y)0 1534 y(executing)g(the)h -(last)e(w)o(ord)h(as)g(an)f(instruction.)18 b(In)c(the)h(KA10)e(the)h(pro)q -(cessor)i(stops)e(after)g(executing)h(the)f(\014rst)0 1583 -y(instruction)g(if)f(the)i(single)e(instruction)h(switc)o(h)h(is)e(on.)0 -1723 y Fz(Console{Program)18 b(Comm)n(unication)0 1808 y FD(Neither)g(the)f -(pro)q(cessor)i(nor)e(the)g(priorit)o(y)f(in)o(terrupt)i(system)e(require)i -(all)e(four)g(t)o(yp)q(es)i(of)e(I/O)h(instructions,)0 1858 -y(so)j(the)h(program)d(can)i(mak)o(e)f(use)h(of)g(their)g(device)h(co)q(des)g -(for)e(comm)o(unicating)e(with)j(the)g(console.)37 b(Both)0 -1908 y(pro)q(cessors)18 b(ha)o(v)o(e)e(t)o(w)o(o)g(instructions)h(that)f -(transfer)h(data)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(the)e(console)h(and)f(program.)23 -b(But)17 b(in)e(the)0 1958 y(KI10,)i(the)g(program)e(can)i(actually)f(op)q -(erate)i(some)d(of)i(the)g(switc)o(hes)h(on)e(the)i(console.)26 -b(F)m(or)17 b(this)f(purp)q(ose)i(it)0 2007 y(uses)e(a)e(data{out)g -(instruction)h(with)f(the)h(device)h(co)q(de)f(for)f(the)h(pap)q(er)h(tap)q -(e)f(reader)h(\(an)e(input{only)f(device\).)0 2057 y(The)h(KI10)f(program)f -(can)i(also)f(insp)q(ect)h(the)g(states)h(of)e(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(op) -q(erating)g(and)g(sense)i(switc)o(hes,)g(but)e(the)0 2107 y(bits)i(for)g -(these)i(are)e(included)g(in)g(the)h(left)f(half)f(w)o(ords)h(of)g(the)g -(standard)h(input)f(conditions)g(for)f(the)i(in)o(terrupt)0 -2157 y(and)e(pro)q(cessor)h(\()p FB(x)q FD(4.3.2,)d FB(x)p -FD(4.3.3\).)p 0 2408 1495 4 v 0 2333 V -2 2406 4 75 v 1493 -2406 V 538 2406 V 579 2406 V 746 2406 V 12 2438 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 2383 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)0 2300 y Fk(D)n(A)-5 b(T)g(AI)18 b(APR,)37 b(Data)18 -b(In,)h(Console)218 2382 y FD(70004)0 2533 y(Read)14 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h -(of)e(the)i(console)f(data)g(switc)o(hes)h(in)o(to)e(lo)q(cation)g -Fu(E)r FD(.)0 2619 y Fy(Notes)p FD(.)18 b(MA)o(CR)o(O)13 b(also)h(recognizes) -h(the)f(mnemonic)e Fx(RSW)i FD(\(Read)f(Switc)o(hes\))i(as)f(equiv)n(alen)o -(t)f(to)h Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)e(APR,)p FD(.)p eop -%%Page: 449 109 -449 108 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(449)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 -75 v 1643 353 V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)150 246 y Fk(D)n(A)-5 b(T)g(A)n(O)18 b(PI,)71 b(Data)18 -b(Out,)h(Console)368 329 y FD(70054)150 480 y(Unless)13 b(the)f(console)g(MI) -g(program)e(disable)i(switc)o(h)g(is)g(on,)f(displa)o(y)g(the)i(con)o(ten)o -(ts)g(of)e(lo)q(cation)g Fu(E)j FD(in)d(the)i(console)150 530 -y(memory)e(indicators)h(and)h(turn)h(on)f(the)g(triangular)f(ligh)o(t)g(b)q -(eside)i(the)g(w)o(ords)f(PR)o(OGRAM)f(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)g(just)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e) -150 580 y(the)h(indicators)g(\(turn)h(o\013)f(the)g(ligh)o(t)f(b)q(eside)i -(MEMOR)m(Y)e(D)o(A)m(T)m(A\).)150 665 y(Once)f(the)g(indicators)f(ha)o(v)o(e) -f(b)q(een)i(loaded)f(b)o(y)g(the)g(program,)f(no)g(address)j(condition)d -(selected)j(from)c(the)j(console)150 715 y(\(App)q(endix)i(G.2\))e(can)h -(load)f(them)h(un)o(til)f(the)i(op)q(erator)f(turns)h(on)f(the)h(MI)f -(program)f(disable)h(switc)o(h,)g(executes)150 765 y(a)h(k)o(ey)g(function)f -(that)h(references)j(memory)m(,)10 b(or)k(presses)i(the)f(reset)g(k)o(ey)m(.) -p 150 1014 1495 4 v 150 939 V 148 1012 4 75 v 1643 1012 V 688 -1012 V 729 1012 V 896 1012 V 162 1043 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 989 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 905 -y Fk(D)n(A)-5 b(T)g(A)n(O)18 b(PTR,)d(Op)r(erating)k(Data)f(Out,)g(Console) -368 988 y FD(71054)150 1139 y(Unless)j(the)h(MI)e(program)f(disable)h(switc)o -(h)h(is)g(on,)g(set)h(up)e(the)h(console)g(address)h(and)f(address{condition) -150 1189 y(switc)o(hes)13 b(according)f(to)g(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(lo)q -(cation)g Fu(E)j FD(as)e(sho)o(wn)g(\(a)g(1)g(in)f(a)h(bit)f(turns)i(on)f -(the)h(switc)o(h,)f(a)f(0)h(turns)150 1239 y(it)i(o\013)s(\).)p -149 1472 2 100 v 1311 1472 V 150 1472 1163 2 v 150 1373 V 159 -1415 a Fn(Instruction)202 1451 y(F)m(etc)o(h)235 1503 y(0)p -336 1472 2 100 v 377 1415 a(Data)373 1451 y(F)m(etc)o(h)406 -1503 y(1)p 492 1472 V 527 1433 a(W)m(rite)561 1503 y(2)p 647 -1472 V 143 w(3)p 813 1472 V 836 1416 a(Address)852 1451 y(Break)888 -1503 y(4)p 979 1472 V 1026 1412 a(Exec)1011 1447 y(P)o(aging)1054 -1503 y(5)p 1145 1472 V 1194 1412 a(User)1177 1447 y(P)o(aging)1220 -1503 y(6)p 150 1680 1495 2 v 149 1679 2 100 v 150 1580 1495 -2 v 1644 1679 2 100 v 274 1692 2 13 v 398 1692 V 523 1692 V -647 1692 V 772 1692 V 896 1700 2 21 v 1021 1692 2 13 v 1145 -1692 V 1270 1692 V 1394 1692 V 1519 1692 V 412 1709 a Fp(6)p -440 1679 2 100 v -267 w(0)p 149 1679 V 1428 w(35)p 1644 1679 -V -906 w(14)p 730 1679 V 1031 1644 a FD(Address)h(Switc)o(hes)p -149 1571 2 17 v 149 1546 V 149 1521 V 149 1496 V 440 1571 V -440 1546 2 9 v 1311 1538 V 1311 1521 2 17 v 1311 1496 V 441 -1539 42 2 v 503 1539 46 2 v 569 1539 42 2 v 627 1539 46 2 v -698 1539 42 2 v 760 1539 V 822 1539 46 2 v 889 1539 42 2 v -951 1539 V 1013 1539 46 2 v 1080 1539 42 2 v 1142 1539 V 1204 -1539 46 2 v 1271 1539 42 2 v 150 1868 a(F)m(or)e(complete)h(information)d(on) -i(the)i(use)g(of)e(these)i(switc)o(hes,)g(see)g(App)q(endix)f(G.2.)150 -1954 y Fy(Notes)p FD(.)22 b(On)15 b(the)h(KI10)f(console,)h(all)e(switc)o -(hes)i(are)g(push)o(button)f(\015ip{\015op)g(com)o(binations;)e(the)j -(instruction)g(of)150 2004 y(course)f(con)o(trols)f(the)h(\015ip{\015ops,)e -(not)h(the)g(buttons.)150 2156 y Fz(4.3.2)55 b(KI10)19 b(Priorit)n(y)e(In)n -(terrupt)150 2268 y FD(Most)e(in{out)e(devices)j(m)o(ust)d(b)q(e)i(serviced)h -(infrequen)o(tly)f(relativ)o(e)f(to)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(sp)q(eed)g(and)e -(only)g(a)g(small)150 2318 y(amoun)o(t)d(of)h(pro)q(cessor)i(time)e(is)g -(required)i(to)e(service)i(them,)e(but)h(they)g(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)j(serviced)g -(within)e(a)g(short)h(time)150 2368 y(after)i(they)g(request)h(it.)k(F)m -(ailure)14 b(to)g(service)i(within)e(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(time)d(\(whic)o -(h)i(v)n(aries)f(among)f(devices\))j(can)150 2418 y(often)e(result)i(in)e -(loss)g(of)g(information)e(and)i(certainly)g(results)i(in)e(op)q(erating)g -(the)h(device)g(b)q(elo)o(w)g(its)f(maxim)n(um)150 2467 y(sp)q(eed.)27 -b(The)17 b(priorit)o(y)e(in)o(terrupt)i(is)f(designed)h(with)f(these)i -(considerations)f(in)f(mind,)f(i.e.,)g(the)i(use)g(of)f(in)o(ter-)150 -2517 y(ruptions)e(in)f(the)h(curren)o(t)h(program)e(sequence)i(facilitates)e -(concurren)o(t)j(op)q(eration)d(of)g(the)i(main)c(program)h(and)150 -2567 y(a)k(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(p)q(eripheral)i(devices.)27 -b(The)17 b(hardw)o(are)h(also)e(allo)o(ws)f(conditions)h(in)o(ternal)h(to)f -(the)i(pro)q(cessor)g(to)150 2617 y(signal)13 b(the)h(program)f(b)o(y)g -(requesting)i(an)f(in)o(terrupt.)p eop -%%Page: 450 110 -450 109 bop 0 50 a FD(450)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(In)o(terrupt)k(requests)g(are)f(handled)f(through) -g(sev)o(en)i(lev)o(els)e(arranged)h(in)e(a)h(priorit)o(y)g(c)o(hain,)g(with)g -(assignmen)o(t)0 245 y(of)e(devices)j(to)e(lev)o(els)g(en)o(tirely)g(at)g -(the)g(discretion)h(of)e(the)i(programmer.)j(T)m(o)c(assign)g(a)f(device)i -(to)f(a)g(lev)o(el,)f(the)0 295 y(program)e(sends)j(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e -(of)g(the)h(lev)o(el)g(to)f(the)i(device)f(con)o(trol)g(register)h(as)f(part) -f(of)h(the)g(conditions)f(giv)o(en)0 345 y(b)o(y)e(a)h Fx(CONO)e -FD(\(usually)h(bits)h(33{35\).)k(Lev)o(els)d(are)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)f(1{7,)g -(with)g(1)h(ha)o(ving)e(the)j(highest)f(priorit)o(y;)f(a)g(zero)0 -394 y(assignmen)o(t)i(disconnects)j(the)g(device)f(from)d(the)k(in)o(terrupt) -f(lev)o(els)f(altogether.)20 b(An)o(y)15 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(devices)i -(can)0 444 y(b)q(e)g(connected)i(to)d(a)h(single)f(lev)o(el,)h(and)f(some)g -(can)h(b)q(e)g(connected)i(to)d(t)o(w)o(o)h(lev)o(els)f(\(e.g.,)g(a)h(device) -g(ma)o(y)e(signal)0 494 y(that)g(data)f(is)h(ready)h(on)e(one)h(lev)o(el,)f -(and)h(that)g(an)g(error)g(has)h(o)q(ccurred)g(on)f(another\).)0 -580 y(When)d(a)g(device)h(requires)g(service)h(it)e(sends)h(an)f(in)o -(terrupt)h(request)h(signal)d(o)o(v)o(er)h(the)h(in{out)e(bus)i(to)f(its)g -(assigned)0 629 y(lev)o(el)k(in)g(the)i(pro)q(cessor.)25 b(The)16 -b(pro)q(cessor)h(accepts)g(the)g(request)g(dep)q(ending)f(up)q(on)g(certain)g -(conditions,)f(suc)o(h)0 679 y(as)f(that)h(the)f(lev)o(el)g(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)g -(activ)o(e)h(\(on\).)k(The)c(request)g(signal)f(remains)f(on)h(the)h(bus)f -(un)o(til)g(turned)h(o\013)f(b)o(y)g(an)0 729 y(appropriate)i(resp)q(onse)i -(from)d(the)i(pro)q(cessor:)24 b(either)17 b(giv)o(en)f(b)o(y)g(the)h -(program)d(\()p Fx(CONO)p FD(,)h Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)f FD(or)i -Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)p FD(,)0 779 y(dep)q(ending)i(on)g(the)g(device\),)h(or)f -(generated)h(automatically)14 b(b)o(y)k(the)g(hardw)o(are.)30 -b(Th)o(us)18 b(if)f(a)g(request)i(is)f(not)0 829 y(recognized)d(or)g -(accepted)g(when)g(made,)e(it)h(will)e(b)q(e)j(when)g(conditions)f(are)g -(satis\014ed.)20 b(A)14 b(single)g(lev)o(el)g(will)f(sh)o(ut)0 -878 y(out)18 b(all)g(others)h(of)f(lo)o(w)o(er)g(priorit)o(y)g(if)f(ev)o(ery) -j(time)d(its)h(service)i(routine)f(dismisses)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt,)h(a)e -(device)0 928 y(assigned)e(to)g(it)f(is)h(already)f(w)o(aiting)g(with)g -(another)h(request.)26 b(The)16 b(program)e(can)i(usually)f(trigger)h(a)f -(request)0 978 y(from)d(a)i(device)g(but)h(dela)o(y)e(its)h(acceptance)i(b)o -(y)d(turning)h(on)g(the)g(lev)o(el)g(later.)0 1064 y(The)j(request)g(signal)f -(is)g(generally)g(deriv)o(ed)g(from)f(a)h(\015ag)f(that)i(is)f(set)h(b)o(y)f -(v)n(arious)f(conditions)h(in)g(the)h(device.)0 1113 y(Often)j(asso)q(ciated) -g(with)f(these)h(\015ags)f(are)h(enabling)e(\015ags,)i(where)g(the)g(setting) -g(of)e(some)h(device)h(condition)0 1163 y(\015ag)c(can)h(request)i(an)d(in)o -(terrupt)i(on)e(the)h(assigned)h(lev)o(el)e(only)g(if)g(the)h(asso)q(ciated)h -(enabling)e(\015ag)g(is)g(also)h(set.)0 1213 y(The)e(enabling)f(\015ags)h -(are)g(in)g(turn)g(con)o(trolled)g(b)o(y)f(the)i(conditions)e(supplied)h(to)g -(the)g(device)h(b)o(y)e(a)h Fx(CONO)p FD(.)e(F)m(or)0 1263 -y(example,)c(a)h(device)h(ma)o(y)e(ha)o(v)o(e)h(half)f(a)h(dozen)h(\015ags)f -(to)h(indicate)f(v)n(arious)f(in)o(ternal)h(conditions)g(that)h(ma)o(y)d -(require)0 1313 y(service)k(b)o(y)e(an)h(in)o(terrupt;)h(b)o(y)e(setting)h -(up)g(the)g(asso)q(ciated)h(enabling)e(\015ags,)g(the)i(program)d(can)h -(determine)h(whic)o(h)0 1362 y(conditions)j(shall)f(actually)g(request)i(in)o -(terrupts)g(in)f(an)o(y)f(giv)o(en)g(circumstances.)0 1448 -y(Ha)o(ving)e(accepted)j(a)d(request,)j(the)f(pro)q(cessor)h(will)c(do)i -(nothing)f(further)i(with)f(it)f(unless)i(the)g(priorit)o(y)e(in)o(terrupt)0 -1498 y(system)j(is)g(on.)19 b(But)14 b(ev)o(en)h(with)f(the)h(system)f -(o\013,)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(will)d(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(to)g(accept)h -(requests)h(on)e(other)0 1548 y(lev)o(els;)f(and)f(when)h(the)g(system)f(is)h -(\014nally)e(turned)i(on,)f(it)h(will)e(resp)q(ond)i(as)g(though)f(all)f -(requests)k(had)d(just)h(b)q(een)0 1597 y(accepted,)i(handling)e(the)h -(highest)h(priorit)o(y)e(one)h(\014rst.)0 1737 y Fz(Starting)k(an)h(In)n -(terrupt)0 1822 y FD(A)c(request)i(made)d(to)i(an)f(activ)o(e)g(lev)o(el)g -(is)g(accepted)i(immediately)12 b(unless)k(some)e(lev)o(el)h(is)g(already)g -(w)o(aiting)f(for)0 1872 y(an)k(in)o(terrupt)g(to)g(start)h(or)f(an)f(in)o -(terrupt)i(is)f(starting)g(for)f(some)h(lev)o(el.)29 b(Once)20 -b(a)d(request)j(is)e(accepted)h(with)0 1922 y(the)c(system)f(on,)f(the)i(lev) -o(el)f(m)o(ust)f(w)o(ait)h(for)f(the)i(in)o(terrupt)g(to)f(start.)20 -b(The)14 b(pro)q(cessor)i(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)f(will)e(dela)o(y)g(an)o(y)0 -1972 y(action)e(on)g(the)g(request)i(if)d(it)h(is)g(already)g(holding)e(an)i -(in)o(terrupt)h(for)f(the)h(same)e(lev)o(el)h(or)g(for)f(a)h(lev)o(el)g(with) -g(priorit)o(y)0 2021 y(higher)16 b(than)f(those)h(on)f(whic)o(h)h(requests)h -(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)g(accepted)i(\(in)d(other)h(w)o(ords)g(if)e(the)i -(curren)o(t)h(program)d(is)0 2071 y(a)19 b(higher)h(priorit)o(y)e(in)o -(terrupt)j(routine\).)35 b(When)20 b(a)f(w)o(aiting)f(lev)o(el)h(has)h -(priorit)o(y)e(higher)i(than)f(the)h(curren)o(t)0 2121 y(program,)f(the)i -(pro)q(cessor)g(sends)g(an)f(in)o(terrupt{gran)o(ted)g(signal)f(for)h(the)g -(w)o(aiting)e(lev)o(el)i(that)g(has)g(highest)0 2171 y(priorit)o(y)m(.)i -(This)15 b(action)g(mak)o(es)f(use)j(of)d(the)j(I/O)e(bus.)23 -b(Should)15 b(the)h(bus)g(b)q(e)g(busy)m(,)f(the)i(gran)o(t)e(is)g(sen)o(t)h -(as)g(so)q(on)0 2221 y(as)e(the)h(bus)g(b)q(ecomes)f(a)o(v)n(ailable,)e -(taking)h(precedence)k(o)o(v)o(er)d(an)o(y)g(I/O)g(instruction)h(that)f(ma)o -(y)e(also)i(b)q(e)g(w)o(aiting)0 2271 y(\(note)h(that)g(in)f(this)h -(situation)f(the)h(program)e(actually)h(stops\).)21 b(The)15 -b(gran)o(t)f(signal)g(go)q(es)h(out)f(on)h(the)g(bus)g(and)0 -2320 y(is)g(transmitted)g(serially)f(from)g(one)h(device)h(to)f(the)h(next.) -23 b(Up)q(on)15 b(receiving)h(the)g(gran)o(t,)f(a)g(device)h(that)f(is)g(not) -0 2370 y(requesting)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt)g(on)f(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(lev)o -(el)e(sends)i(the)f(signal)e(on)i(to)f(the)h(next)g(device.)21 -b(A)15 b(device)g(that)0 2420 y(is)h(requesting)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(on)e -(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(lev)o(el)e(terminates)h(the)g(signal)f(path)h(and)g -(sends)h(an)e(in)o(terrupt)0 2470 y(function)e(w)o(ord)g(bac)o(k)h(to)f(the)h -(pro)q(cessor.)20 b(Note)14 b(that)f(there)i(are)e(therefore)i(t)o(w)o(o)e -(orders)i(of)e(priorit)o(y)f(asso)q(ciated)0 2520 y(with)k(an)g(in)o -(terrupt:)23 b(\014rst)17 b(the)g(lev)o(el,)f(and)g(then)h(for)e(all)g -(devices)j(requesting)f(in)o(terrupts)g(sim)o(ultaneously)d(on)0 -2569 y(the)h(same)e(lev)o(el,)h(pro)o(ximit)o(y)d(to)k(the)f(pro)q(cessor)j -(on)d(the)g(bus.)20 b(F)m(or)14 b(priorit)o(y)f(purp)q(oses,)j(all)d(devices) -i(on)f(the)h(left)0 2619 y(bus)f(are)h(closer)f(than)g(those)h(on)e(the)i -(righ)o(t)e(bus.)p eop -%%Page: 451 111 -451 110 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(451)150 195 y(Up)q(on)17 b(receipt)g(of)f(the)h(function)f(w) -o(ord,)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(stops)f(the)h(curren)o(t)f(program)e(at)i(the)g -(\014rst)g(allo)o(w)o(able)150 245 y(p)q(oin)o(t)d(to)h(start)g(an)g(in)o -(terrupt)g(for)g(the)g(w)o(aiting)e(lev)o(el)i(for)f(whic)o(h)h(the)g(gran)o -(t)g(w)o(as)g(made.)k(Allo)o(w)o(able)13 b(stopping)150 295 -y(p)q(oin)o(ts)c(are)h(at)g(the)g(completion)e(of)h(an)g(instruction,)h -(follo)o(wing)d(the)j(retriev)n(al)g(of)f(an)g(address)i(w)o(ord)e(in)g(an)h -(e\013ectiv)o(e)150 345 y(address)h(calculation)e(\(including)g(the)h(second) -h(calculation)e(using)g(the)i(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(in)f(a)h(b)o(yte)g -(instruction\),)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)150 394 y(transfers)i(in)e(a)g -Fx(BL)m(T)p FD(,)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(steps)g(in)e(the)h(calculation)e(of)h -(the)h(\014rst)h(part)e(of)g(the)h(quotien)o(t)g(in)f(double)g(\015oating)150 -444 y(division,)f(and)i(while)f(an)g(I/O)h(instruction)g(is)f(w)o(aiting)f -(for)i(the)g(bus.)18 b(When)11 b(an)h(in)o(terrupt)g(starts,)h(PC)f(p)q(oin)o -(ts)f(to)150 494 y(the)j(in)o(terrupted)i(instruction,)d(so)h(that)g(a)g -(correct)h(return)h(can)e(later)g(b)q(e)g(made)f(to)h(the)g(in)o(terrupted)h -(program.)150 580 y(The)h(action)e(tak)o(en)h(b)o(y)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h -(in)e(starting)g(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i(dep)q(ends)h(up)q(on)e(the)h(function)f -(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)150 629 y(the)f(function)e(w)o(ord)h(returned)i(to)e -(the)g(pro)q(cessor.)20 b(Tw)o(o)14 b(\014xed)g(lo)q(cations)g(in)f(the)i -(executiv)o(e)g(pro)q(cess)h(table)e(are)150 679 y(asso)q(ciated)e(with)f -(eac)o(h)h(lev)o(el:)k(lo)q(cations)11 b(40)t(+)t(2)p Fu(N)16 -b FD(and)c(41)t(+)t(2)p Fu(N)5 b FD(,)11 b(where)h Fu(N)17 -b FD(is)11 b(the)h(lev)o(el)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)16 b(Lev)o(el)c(1)f(uses)150 -729 y(lo)q(cations)h(42)f(and)h(43,)g(lev)o(el)g(2)g(uses)h(44)f(and)g(45,)g -(and)g(so)g(on)g(to)g(lev)o(el)g(7)g(whic)o(h)g(uses)i(56)d(and)h(57.)17 -b(The)c(pro)q(cessor)150 779 y(starts)i(a)e(\\standard")h(in)o(terrupt)g(for) -f(lev)o(el)h Fu(N)k FD(b)o(y)c(executing)g(the)g(instruction)g(in)g(the)g -(\014rst)g(in)o(terrupt)h(lo)q(cation)150 829 y(for)g(the)h(lev)o(el,)g -(i.e.,)e(lo)q(cation)h(40)10 b(+)h(2)p Fu(N)5 b FD(.)22 b(The)16 -b(\014xed)h(lo)q(cations)e(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)h(need)g(not)g(b)q(e)g(used.)24 -b(The)16 b(in)o(terrupt)150 878 y(function)f(w)o(ord)g(sen)o(t)h(b)o(y)f(the) -g(device)h(ma)o(y)e(sp)q(ecify)h(a)g(standard)h(in)o(terrupt)f(using)g(the)h -(\014xed)g(lo)q(cations,)e(or)h(an)150 928 y(equiv)n(alen)o(t)d(in)o(terrupt) -h(using)f(a)g(pair)f(of)h(lo)q(cations)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(the)h -(function)f(w)o(ord,)g(or)g(some)f(other)i(in)o(terrupt)150 -978 y(function)k(en)o(tirely)m(.)28 b(The)18 b(format)d(of)i(the)h(function)f -(w)o(ord)g(and)g(the)h(op)q(erations)g(the)f(pro)q(cessor)j(p)q(erforms)c(in) -150 1028 y(resp)q(onse)g(to)e(the)g(function)g(selected)h(b)o(y)f(bits)g(3{5) -f(of)g(the)i(w)o(ord)f(are)g(as)g(follo)o(ws.)772 1153 y(KI10)g(In)o(terrupt) -h(F)m(unction)e(W)m(ord)p 303 1309 1495 2 v 302 1308 2 125 -v 303 1185 1495 2 v 1796 1308 2 125 v 427 1321 2 13 v 551 1321 -V 676 1321 V 800 1321 V 925 1321 V 1049 1329 2 21 v 1174 1321 -2 13 v 1298 1321 V 1423 1321 V 1547 1321 V 1672 1321 V 398 -1338 a Fp(2)p 427 1308 2 125 v -100 w(0)p 302 1308 V 191 w(5)p -551 1308 V -100 w(3)p 427 1308 V 434 1260 a Fy(F)m(unct)1013 -1338 y Fp(17)p 1049 1308 V -483 w(6)p 551 1308 V 705 1260 a -Fy(Incr)n(ement)1760 1338 y Fp(35)p 1796 1308 V -740 w(18)p -1049 1308 V 1264 1256 a Fy(Interrupt)h(A)n(ddr)n(ess)p eop -%%Page: 452 112 -452 111 bop 0 50 a FD(452)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)25 188 y Fy(Bits)g(3{5)556 b(Interrupt)15 b(F)m(unction)90 -274 y FD(0)115 b(Pro)q(cessor)16 b(w)o(aiting.)i(If)c(no)h(resp)q(onse,)h(p)q -(erform)d(a)h(standard)h(in)o(terrupt)g(\(see)h(func-)226 324 -y(tion)d(1\).)226 374 y(A)k(device)i(designed)f(originally)d(for)i(use)h -(with)f(the)h(KA10)g(will)e(w)o(ork)h(when)h(con-)226 423 y(nected)f(to)f -(the)g(KI10)f(bus,)i(where)f(it)g(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(requests)k(a)e(standard)g -(in)o(terrupt)g(b)o(y)226 473 y(pro)o(viding)g(no)h(resp)q(onse)j(to)d(the)h -(gran)o(t.)28 b(Note)18 b(that)g(for)f(sim)o(ultaneous)f(requests)226 -523 y(on)d(a)g(giv)o(en)g(lev)o(el,)f(all)g(KI10)h(devices)i(that)e(return)i -(a)d(function)h(w)o(ord)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(priorit)o(y)226 573 -y(o)o(v)o(er)f(all)f(KA10)h(devices)h(and)f(o)o(v)o(er)h(an)o(y)e(KI10)h -(devices)h(that)g(do)f(not)g(return)h(a)f(func-)226 623 y(tion)g(w)o(ord.)17 -b(The)c(last)f(group)g(includes)h(the)f(reader,)i(punc)o(h)e(and)g(console)h -(terminal,)226 673 y(whic)o(h)i(are)g(con)o(tained)f(in)h(the)g(pro)q -(cessor,)h(as)f(w)o(ell)f(as)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(itself)d(acting)226 -722 y(as)g(a)f(device)i(\(see)g(pro)q(cessor)h(conditions,)d -FB(x)q FD(4.3.3\).)90 790 y(1)115 b(Standard)17 b(in)o(terrupt)g(|)f(execute) -j(the)e(instruction)g(in)f(lo)q(cation)g(40)11 b(+)g(2)p Fu(N)21 -b FD(of)16 b(the)226 840 y(executiv)o(e)f(pro)q(cess)h(table.)90 -908 y(2)115 b(Dispatc)o(h)13 b(|)f(execute)j(the)f(instruction)g(in)e(the)i -(lo)q(cation)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d(bits)i(18{35.)90 975 -y(3)115 b(Incremen)o(t)16 b(|)g(add)g(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(bits)h(617) -g(to)g(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(of)d(the)i(lo)q(cation)226 1025 -y(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)f(bits)f(18{35.)31 b(The)19 b(incremen)o(t)g(is)f(a) -h(\014xed)g(p)q(oin)o(t)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(in)g(t)o(w)o(os)226 -1075 y(complemen)o(t)11 b(notation,)h(bit)h(6)g(b)q(eing)g(the)h(sign,)e(and) -h(bit)g(17)g(corresp)q(onding)h(to)f(bit)226 1125 y(35)g(of)h(the)g(memory)d -(w)o(ord.)90 1192 y(4)115 b Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)13 b FD(|)i(do)h(a)f -Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)f FD(for)h(this)h(device)g(using)f(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts) -h(of)e(bit)g(18{35)g(as)226 1242 y(the)f(e\013ectiv)o(e)i(address.)90 -1310 y(5)115 b Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)11 b FD(|)i(do)f(a)h Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)e -FD(for)i(this)g(device)h(using)f(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(bit)h(18{35)f -(as)h(the)226 1360 y(e\013ectiv)o(e)i(address.)90 1427 y(6)115 -b(Reserv)o(ed)15 b(\(pro)q(duces)h(a)d(standard)i(in)o(terrupt\).)90 -1495 y(7)115 b(Reserv)o(ed)15 b(\(pro)q(duces)h(a)d(standard)i(in)o -(terrupt\).)0 1597 y(Regardless)f(of)g(what)f(mo)q(de)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i -(is)e(in)f(when)h(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(o)q(ccurs,)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt)f(op)q -(erations)h(are)0 1646 y(p)q(erformed)d(in)g(k)o(ernel)g(mo)q(de.)17 -b(No)12 b(in)o(terrupt)h(op)q(eration)f(can)g(set)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(or)f -(either)h(of)e(the)i(trap)f(\015ags;)h(hence)0 1696 y(an)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o -(w)h(trap)f(can)h(nev)o(er)h(o)q(ccur)f(as)g(a)f(direct)i(result)f(of)f(an)h -(in)o(terrupt.)k(A)c(page)g(failure)e(that)i(o)q(ccurs)h(in)e(an)0 -1746 y(in)o(terrupt)k(op)q(eration)g(is)f(nev)o(er)i(trapp)q(ed;)g(instead)f -(it)g(sets)h(the)f(In{Out)g(P)o(age)f(F)m(ailure)g(\015ag,)g(whic)o(h)h -(requests)0 1796 y(an)e(in)o(terrupt)h(on)f(the)h(lev)o(el)f(assigned)h(to)f -(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(\()p FB(x)q FD(4.3.3\).)k(These)c(considerations)e(of)g -(course)i(do)e(not)0 1846 y(apply)e(to)h(a)f(service)j(routine)e(called)f(b)o -(y)h(an)g(in)o(terrupt)g(instruction.)0 1931 y FA(In)o(terrupt)8 -b(Instructions)p FD(.)14 b(An)c(instruction)h(executed)h(in)e(resp)q(onse)i -(to)e(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(request)h(and)e(not)g(under)0 1981 -y(con)o(trol)h(of)h(PC)f(is)h(referred)h(to)f(elsewhere)i(in)d(this)h(man)o -(ual)d(as)j(b)q(eing)f(\\executed)j(as)d(an)h(in)o(terrupt)g(instruction.")0 -2031 y(Some)i(instructions,)j(when)f(so)g(executed,)h(ha)o(v)o(e)e -(di\013eren)o(t)i(e\013ects)h(than)d(they)h(do)g(when)g(p)q(erformed)f(in)g -(other)0 2081 y(circumstances.)k(And)14 b(the)h(di\013erence)h(is)e(not)g -(due)g(merely)f(to)h(b)q(eing)g(p)q(erformed)g(in)f(an)h(in)o(terrupt)h(lo)q -(cation)e(or)0 2130 y(in)i(resp)q(onse)i(\(b)o(y)e(the)h(program\))e(to)h(an) -g(in)o(terrupt.)23 b(T)m(o)15 b(b)q(e)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(instruction,)f -(an)g(instruction)h(m)o(ust)0 2180 y(b)q(e)f(executed)i(in)d(the)h(\014rst)g -(or)g(second)h(in)o(terrupt)f(lo)q(cation)f(for)g(a)g(lev)o(el,)g(in)g -(direct)i(resp)q(onse)g(b)o(y)e(the)i(hardw)o(are)0 2230 y(\(rather)d(than)g -(b)o(y)f(the)h(program\))e(to)h(a)g(request)i(on)f(that)f(lev)o(el.)17 -b(These)d(lo)q(cations)e(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j(the)g(\014xed)g(ones)g(for)f(a)0 -2280 y(standard)i(in)o(terrupt)g(or)f(those)h(giv)o(en)f(b)o(y)g(the)h -(function)e(w)o(ord)i(for)e(a)h(dispatc)o(h)h(in)o(terrupt.)19 -b FB(x)p FD(2.18)12 b(describ)q(es)j(the)0 2330 y(t)o(w)o(o)f(w)o(a)o(ys)h(a) -g Fx(BLK)o(O)f FD(is)h(p)q(erformed.)20 b(If)15 b(a)g Fx(BLK)o(O)f -FD(is)h(con)o(tained)g(in)f(an)h(in)o(terrupt)g(routine)h(called)e(b)o(y)h(a) -f Fx(JSR)p FD(,)g(it)0 2380 y(is)g(not)f(\\executed)j(as)e(an)g(in)o(terrupt) -g(instruction")g(ev)o(en)h(in)e(the)h(unlik)o(ely)f(ev)o(en)o(t)i(the)f -(routine)g(is)g(stored)h(within)0 2429 y(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(lo)q(cations)f -(and)g(the)h Fx(BLK)o(O)f FD(is)g(executed)i(b)o(y)f(an)f Fx(X)o(CT)p -FD(.)f(The)i(in)o(terrupt)g(instructions)g(executed)0 2479 -y(in)d(a)h(standard)g(or)g(dispatc)o(h)g(in)o(terrupt)h(fall)d(in)o(to)h -(three)j(categories.)62 2606 y FB(\017)21 b Fx(A)o(OSx)p FD(,)9 -b Fx(SKIPx)p FD(,)g Fx(SOSx)p FD(,)h Fx(CONSx)p FD(,)f Fx(BLKx)p -FD(.)17 b(If)9 b(the)h(skip)g(condition)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(the)h -(instruction)g(is)g(satis\014ed,)p eop -%%Page: 453 113 -453 112 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(453)254 195 y(the)12 b(pro)q(cessor)h(dismisses)e(the)g(in)o -(terrupt)h(and)g(returns)g(immediately)c(to)j(the)h(in)o(terrupted)h(program) -c(\(i.e.,)254 245 y(it)16 b(returns)h(con)o(trol)f(to)g(the)h(unc)o(hanged)g -(PC\).)f(If)g(the)h(skip)f(condition)f(is)h(not)g(satis\014ed,)h(the)g(pro)q -(cessor)254 295 y(executes)f(the)e(instruction)h(con)o(tained)f(in)f(the)h -(second)h(in)o(terrupt)g(lo)q(cation.)254 361 y(Satisfaction)g(of)g(the)i -(condition)e(do)q(es)i(not)f(c)o(hange)h(PC,)e(as)i(this)f(w)o(ould)f(skip)h -(the)g(next)h(instruction)f(in)254 411 y(the)g(in)o(terrupted)i(program.)k -(In)16 b(e\013ect)i(the)e(instruction)g(skips)g(bac)o(k)g(to)g(the)h(in)o -(terrupted)g(program)d(b)o(y)254 461 y(skipping)f(the)h(second)h(in)o -(terrupt)g(lo)q(cation.)254 527 y(Note)i(that)f(the)h(in)o(terpretation)g(of) -f(a)g Fx(BLKI)g FD(or)h Fx(BLK)o(O)e FD(as)i(a)f(skip)g(instruction)h(is)g -(consisten)o(t)g(with)f(the)254 577 y(description)e(giv)o(en)g(in)f -FB(x)q FD(2.18)f(the)j(condition)e(b)q(eing)h(that)g(the)g(coun)o(t)g(is)g -(not)g(zero.)967 676 y Fz(CA)n(UTION)345 750 y FD(In)h(the)h(second)g(in)o -(terrupt)f(lo)q(cation,)f(a)h(skip)f(instruction)i(whose)f(condition)f(is)h -(not)g(satis\014ed)345 800 y(hangs)d(up)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor,)i(whic)o(h)e -(will)e(k)o(eep)j(rep)q(eating)f(the)h(instruction)f(un)o(til)f(the)h -(condition)345 850 y(is)i(satis\014ed.)212 977 y FB(\017)21 -b Fx(JSR)p FD(,)e Fx(JSP)p FD(,)g Fx(PUSHJ)p FD(,)g(MUUO.)i(The)g(pro)q -(cessor)h(holds)e(an)h(in)o(terrupt)g(on)f(the)h(lev)o(el,)g(tak)o(es)g(the)g -(next)254 1027 y(instruction)15 b(from)e(the)j(lo)q(cation)d(sp)q(eci\014ed)k -(b)o(y)d(the)i(jump)d(\(as)i(indicated)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(newly)g(c)o(hanged)g -(PC\),)254 1077 y(and)c(en)o(ters)j(either)e(k)o(ernel)h(mo)q(de)e(or)g(the)i -(mo)q(de)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f(the)g(new)g(PC)g(w)o(ord)g(of)f(the)i -(MUUO.)e(Hence)254 1126 y(the)j(instruction)g(is)g(usually)f(a)h(jump)e(to)i -(a)f(service)j(routine)e(handled)g(b)o(y)f(the)i(Monitor.)212 -1209 y FB(\017)21 b Fy(A)o(l)r(l)13 b(Other)g(Instructions)p -FD(.)18 b(In)12 b(general)h(the)h(pro)q(cessor)g(simply)d(executes)k(the)e -(instruction,)g(dismisses)f(the)254 1259 y(in)o(terrupt,)f(and)g(then)g -(returns)h(to)e(the)h(in)o(terrupted)h(program.)j(If)10 b(the)i(instruction)e -(is)h(a)f(jump)f(\(other)i(than)254 1309 y(those)k(men)o(tioned)e(ab)q(o)o(v) -o(e\),)g(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(jumps)d(to)h(the)h(newly)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(lo) -q(cation;)e(but)i(it)e(dismisses)254 1359 y(the)g(in)o(terrupt)g(and)g -(returns)h(to)e(the)i(mo)q(de)d(it)h(w)o(as)h(already)f(in)g(when)h(the)g(in) -o(terrupt)h(o)q(ccurred.)19 b(Hence)14 b(it)254 1409 y(e\013ectiv)o(ely)e -(returns)g(to)f(the)g(in)o(terrupted)i(program)c(but)i(in)g(a)f(di\013eren)o -(t)i(place,)f(and)g(the)h(original)d(con)o(ten)o(ts)254 1458 -y(of)k(PC)h(are)g(lost.)150 1586 y(Since)j(the)g(in)o(terrupt)g(op)q -(erations)g(are)g(p)q(erformed)f(in)g(k)o(ernel)h(mo)q(de)e(regardless)j(of)e -(the)h(actual)f(mo)q(de)f(of)h(the)150 1635 y(pro)q(cessor,)k(an)e -Fx(X)o(CT)f FD(is)g(p)q(erformed)h(as)g(a)f Fx(PX)o(CT)g FD(\()p -FB(x)q FD(4.3.4\).)28 b(The)18 b(ultimate)e(e\013ect)j(of)f(the)g -Fx(X)o(CT)f FD(dep)q(ends)j(of)150 1685 y(course)15 b(on)f(the)g(instruction) -h(executed)g(|)f(and)f(its)h(e\013ect)i(is)e(as)g(describ)q(ed)h(here)g(for)f -(the)g(v)n(arious)f(categories.)915 1803 y Fz(CA)n(UTION)254 -1894 y FD(Neither)k(an)f(LUUO,)h(a)f Fx(BL)m(T)p FD(,)g(a)g -Fx(DMO)o(VEM)p FD(,)f(nor)i(a)f Fx(DMO)o(VNM)h FD(will)d(function)j(in)f(a)g -(reasonable)254 1944 y(manner)d(as)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i(instruction.)j -(Therefore)e(do)d(not)h(use)h(them.)150 2158 y Fz(In)n(terrupt)j(Programming) -150 2243 y FD(The)13 b(program)f(can)h(con)o(trol)f(the)i(priorit)o(y)e(in)o -(terrupt)h(system)g(b)o(y)g(means)f(of)g(condition)g(I/O)h(instructions.)19 -b(The)150 2293 y(device)c(co)q(de)f(is)g(004,)f(mnemonic)e(PI.)p -150 2542 1495 4 v 150 2467 V 148 2540 4 75 v 1643 2540 V 688 -2540 V 729 2540 V 896 2540 V 162 2572 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2517 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 2434 -y Fk(CONO)17 b(PI,)94 b(Conditions)21 b(Out,)d(Prio)n(rit)n(y)i(Interrupt)368 -2516 y FD(70060)p eop -%%Page: 454 114 -454 113 bop 0 50 a FD(454)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(P)o(erform)i(the)h(functions)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b) -o(y)f(the)g(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(conditions)e Fu(E)j FD(as)d(sho)o(wn)h(\(a)f(1)h -(in)f(a)g(bit)g(pro)q(duces)i(the)0 245 y(indicated)c(function,)f(a)h(0)f -(has)h(no)g(e\013ect\).)p 0 566 1495 2 v 0 379 V -1 565 2 187 -v 1494 565 V 18 430 a Fp(Clr)12 462 y(Pwr)14 495 y(F)m(ail)10 -528 y(Flag)p 82 565 V 102 430 a(Clr)99 463 y(P)o(ar)100 495 -y(Err)93 528 y(Flag)p 165 565 V 176 413 a(Dis{)178 446 y(able)p -248 461 2 84 v 248 565 2 21 v 262 413 a(En{)261 446 y(able)174 -491 y(P)o(arit)o(y)e(Err)183 529 y(In)o(terrupt)p 331 565 2 -187 v 343 408 a(Drop)340 446 y(Prgm)352 484 y(Req)358 522 y(On)350 -555 y(Lvls)p 427 565 V 437 431 a(Clear)458 464 y(PI)443 496 -y(Sys{)448 532 y(tem)p 522 565 V 557 554 a(Selected)f(Lev)o(els)532 -407 y(Mak)o(e)531 439 y(Prgm)543 477 y(Req)549 515 y(On)p 618 -523 2 146 v 631 445 a(T)m(urn)644 477 y(On)p 713 523 V 726 -444 a(T)m(urn)739 477 y(O\013)p 809 565 2 187 v 888 504 a(PI)853 -536 y(System)822 413 y(T)m(urn)835 446 y(O\013)p 904 461 2 -84 v 917 413 a(T)m(urn)931 446 y(On)1122 425 y Fn(Select)f(Lev)o(els)h(for) -1125 473 y(Bits)g(22,24,25,26)p 1000 565 2 187 v 1027 551 a(1)p -1070 565 2 50 v 52 w(2)p 1141 565 V 53 w(3)p 1211 565 V 53 -w(4)p 1282 565 V 52 w(5)p 1352 565 V 53 w(6)p 1423 565 V 52 -w(7)24 596 y(18)47 b(19)g(20)p 248 577 2 13 v 47 w(21)53 b(22)60 -b(23)p 522 577 V 59 w(24)g(25)f(26)p 809 577 V 60 w(27)g(28)47 -b(29)p 1070 577 V 35 w(30)34 b(31)h(32)p 1282 577 V 34 w(33)g(34)f(35)0 -754 y FD(Bits)14 b(18{21)f(are)h(actually)f(for)h(pro)q(cessor)h(conditions)f -(\()p FB(x)q FD(4.3.3\).)0 822 y(20)70 b(Prev)o(en)o(t)14 b(the)g(setting)f -(of)f(the)i(P)o(arit)o(y)e(Error)h(\015ag)g(from)e(requesting)j(an)e(in)o -(terrupt)i(on)f(the)g(lev)o(el)g(assigned)112 872 y(to)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor.) -0 957 y(21)70 b(Enable)13 b(the)g(setting)g(of)f(the)i(P)o(arit)o(y)e(Error)h -(\015ag)g(to)f(request)j(an)d(in)o(terrupt)i(on)e(the)h(lev)o(el)g(assigned)g -(to)f(the)112 1007 y(pro)q(cessor.)0 1093 y(22)70 b(On)14 b(lev)o(els)h -(selected)h(b)o(y)d(is)h(in)g(bits)g(29{35,)f(turn)h(o\013)g(an)o(y)g(in)o -(terrupt)h(requests)h(made)d(previously)g(b)o(y)h(the)112 1143 -y(program)e(\(via)i(bit)f(24\).)0 1228 y(23)70 b(Deactiv)n(ate)10 -b(the)h(priorit)o(y)e(in)o(terrupt)i(system,)f(turn)h(o\013)f(all)f(lev)o -(els,)h(eliminate)e(all)h(in)o(terrupt)i(requests)h(that)112 -1278 y(ha)o(v)o(e)h(already)h(b)q(een)g(accepted)h(but)f(are)g(still)f(w)o -(aiting,)e(and)i(dismiss)g(all)f(in)o(terrupts)j(that)e(are)h(curren)o(tly) -112 1328 y(b)q(eing)g(held.)0 1413 y(24)70 b(Request)18 b(in)o(terrupts)h(on) -e(lev)o(els)h(selected)h(b)o(y)e(is)h(in)f(bits)g(29{35,)g(and)g(force)h(the) -g(pro)q(cessor)h(to)f(accept)112 1463 y(them)c(ev)o(en)g(on)g(lev)o(els)h -(that)f(are)h(o\013.)k(The)c(request)g(remains)f(inde\014nitely)m(,)f(so)h -(as)h(so)q(on)f(as)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt)112 1513 y(is)j(completed)f(on)g(a)h -(giv)o(en)f(lev)o(el)g(another)h(is)g(started,)h(un)o(til)e(the)h(request)h -(is)f(turned)g(o\013)g(b)o(y)g(a)f Fx(CONO)112 1563 y FD(that)e(selects)i -(the)e(same)f(lev)o(el)h(and)f(has)h(a)g(1)g(in)f(bit)h(22.)112 -1630 y(Remem)o(b)q(er)i(that)i(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(allo)o(ws)c(the)j -(program)d(to)i(con)o(tin)o(ue)g(while)f(it)g(gran)o(ts)h(an)g(in)o(terrupt.) -112 1680 y(Th)o(us)e(when)h(this)f(bit)g(forces)h(acceptance)h(of)d(a)h -(request,)h(another)g(program)d(instruction)i(or)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(ma)o(y)112 -1730 y(b)q(e)e(p)q(erformed)g(b)q(efore)g(the)h(in)o(terrupt,)f(ev)o(en)g(on) -g(the)g(highest)g(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el.)18 b(Moreo)o(v)o(er)c(if)f(the)h -(request)112 1780 y(is)f(allo)o(w)o(ed)e(to)i(remain,)e(additional)f -(instructions)k(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)i(p)q(erformed)f(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(successiv) -o(e)h(in)o(terrupts.)112 1830 y(F)m(or)k(other)h(than)g(the)g(highest)g -(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el,)h(the)g(greater)h(the)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g -(higher)g(priorit)o(y)g(lev)o(els)112 1880 y(activ)o(e,)12 -b(the)g(greater)h(the)f(amoun)o(t)e(of)h(program)f(time)h(a)o(v)n(ailable)e -(b)q(oth)j(initially)d(and)j(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(successiv)o(e)112 -1929 y(in)o(terrupts.)19 b(If)13 b(the)i(program)d(forces)i(an)g(in)o -(terrupt)g(on)g(the)g(lo)o(w)o(est)f(priorit)o(y)g(lev)o(el)h(when)g(all)e -(are)i(activ)o(e,)112 1979 y(there)h(can)f(b)q(e)h(as)f(m)o(uc)o(h)f(as)h(40) -p Fu(\026)p FD(s)f(of)h(program)e(time)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)k(the)e -Fx(CONO)f(PI,)f FD(and)i(its)g(in)o(terrupt.)0 2065 y(25)70 -b(T)m(urn)13 b(on)g(the)h(lev)o(els)g(selected)h(b)o(y)e(is)g(in)g(bits)h -(29{35)e(so)h(in)o(terrupt)h(requests)h(can)f(b)q(e)g(accepted)h(on)e(them.)0 -2150 y(26)70 b(T)m(urn)16 b(o\013)g(the)h(lev)o(els)f(selected)i(b)o(y)e(is)g -(in)f(bits)h(29{35,)f(so)h(in)o(terrupt)h(requests)h(cannot)f(b)q(e)f -(accepted)i(on)112 2200 y(them)13 b(unless)i(made)e(b)o(y)g(a)h -Fx(CONO)f(PI,)f FD(with)i(a)f(1)h(in)f(bit)h(24.)0 2286 y(27)70 -b(Deactiv)n(ate)14 b(the)h(priorit)o(y)f(in)o(terrupt)h(system.)k(The)14 -b(pro)q(cessor)j(can)d(then)h(still)e(accept)j(requests,)g(but)e(it)112 -2335 y(can)g(neither)h(start)f(nor)g(dismiss)f(an)h(in)o(terrupt.)0 -2421 y(28)70 b(Activ)n(ate)12 b(the)g(priorit)o(y)f(in)o(terrupt)i(system)e -(so)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(can)d(accept)i(requests)h(and)d(can)h(start,)h -(hold)112 2471 y(and)h(dismiss)e(in)o(terrupts.)p eop -%%Page: 455 115 -455 114 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(455)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 -75 v 1643 353 V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)150 246 y Fk(CONI)18 b(PI,)117 b(Conditions)21 -b(In,)e(Prio)n(rit)n(y)h(Interrupt)368 329 y FD(70064)150 480 -y(Read)c(the)g(status)h(of)f(the)g(priorit)o(y)g(in)o(terrupt)h(\(and)f(nine) -g(console)g(op)q(erating)g(switc)o(hes\))h(in)o(to)f(lo)q(cation)f -Fu(E)j FD(as)150 530 y(sho)o(wn.)p 150 1110 1495 2 v 149 1109 -2 187 v 150 923 1495 2 v 1644 1109 2 187 v 398 1122 2 13 v -647 1122 V 896 1122 V 1145 1122 V 1394 1122 V 175 1139 a Fp(18)p -232 1109 2 187 v -34 w(18)p 149 1109 V 49 w(19)p 315 1109 V --34 w(19)p 232 1109 V 49 w(20)p 398 1109 V -34 w(20)p 315 1109 -V 547 w(27)p 979 1068 2 146 v -532 w(21)p 398 1068 V 527 985 -a Fn(In)o(terrupt)9 b(in)j(Progress)618 1027 y(on)f(Lev)o(els)424 -1139 y Fp(21)p 481 1109 2 42 v -34 w(21)p 398 1109 V 432 1099 -a Fn(1)507 1139 y Fp(22)p 564 1109 V -34 w(22)p 481 1109 V -515 1099 a Fn(2)590 1139 y Fp(23)p 647 1109 V -34 w(23)p 564 -1109 V 598 1099 a Fn(3)673 1139 y Fp(24)p 730 1109 V -34 w(24)p -647 1109 V 681 1099 a Fn(4)756 1139 y Fp(25)p 813 1109 V -34 -w(25)p 730 1109 V 764 1099 a Fn(5)839 1139 y Fp(26)p 896 1109 -V -34 w(26)p 813 1109 V 847 1099 a Fn(6)922 1139 y Fp(27)p -979 1109 V -34 w(27)p 896 1109 V 930 1099 a Fn(7)1005 1139 -y Fp(28)p 1062 1109 2 187 v -34 w(28)p 979 1109 V 1005 975 -a(PI)989 1008 y(Sys{)994 1044 y(tem)1000 1076 y(On)1586 1139 -y(35)p 1644 1068 2 146 v -615 w(28)p 979 1068 V 1166 1003 a -Fn(Lev)o(els)g(On)h(\(Activ)o(e\))1088 1139 y Fp(29)p 1145 -1109 2 42 v -34 w(29)p 1062 1109 V 1096 1099 a Fn(1)1171 1139 -y Fp(30)p 1228 1109 V -34 w(30)p 1145 1109 V 1179 1099 a Fn(2)1254 -1139 y Fp(31)p 1311 1109 V -34 w(31)p 1228 1109 V 1262 1099 -a Fn(3)1337 1139 y Fp(32)p 1394 1109 V -34 w(32)p 1311 1109 -V 1345 1099 a Fn(4)1420 1139 y Fp(33)p 1478 1109 V -34 w(33)p -1394 1109 V 1428 1099 a Fn(5)1503 1139 y Fp(34)p 1561 1109 -V -34 w(34)p 1478 1109 V 1511 1099 a Fn(6)1586 1139 y Fp(35)p -1644 1109 V -34 w(35)p 1561 1109 V 1594 1099 a Fn(7)p 150 840 -1495 2 v 149 839 2 187 v 150 653 1495 2 v 1644 839 2 187 v -398 852 2 13 v 647 852 V 896 852 V 1145 852 V 1394 852 V 183 -870 a Fp(0)p 232 839 2 187 v -17 w(0)p 149 839 V 167 740 a -Fd(Inst)158 767 y(F)n(etc)o(h)266 870 y Fp(1)p 315 839 V -17 -w(1)p 232 839 V 244 740 a Fd(Data)241 767 y(F)n(etc)o(h)349 -870 y Fp(2)p 398 839 V -17 w(2)p 315 839 V 323 753 a Fd(W)n(rite)432 -870 y Fp(3)p 481 839 V -17 w(3)p 398 839 V 409 738 a Fd(Addr)412 -765 y(Stop)515 870 y Fp(4)p 564 839 V -17 w(4)p 481 839 V 492 -740 a Fd(Addr)501 767 y(Brk)598 870 y Fp(5)p 647 839 V -17 -w(5)p 564 839 V 577 738 a Fd(Exec)584 764 y(P)o(ag)681 870 -y Fp(6)p 730 839 V -17 w(6)p 647 839 V 662 738 a Fd(User)667 -764 y(P)o(ag)764 870 y Fp(7)p 813 839 V -17 w(7)p 730 839 V -751 738 a Fd(P)o(ar)744 764 y(Stop)847 870 y Fp(8)p 896 839 -V -17 w(8)p 813 839 V 823 738 a Fd(NXM)827 764 y(Stop)930 870 -y Fp(9)p 979 839 V -17 w(9)p 896 839 V 58 w(10)p 1062 839 V --34 w(10)p 979 839 V 547 w(17)p 1644 798 2 146 v -532 w(11)p -1062 798 V 1212 716 a Fn(Program)e(Requests)1282 758 y(on)h(Lev)o(els)1088 -870 y Fp(11)p 1145 839 2 42 v -34 w(11)p 1062 839 V 1096 829 -a Fn(1)1171 870 y Fp(12)p 1228 839 V -34 w(12)p 1145 839 V -1179 829 a Fn(2)1254 870 y Fp(13)p 1311 839 V -34 w(13)p 1228 -839 V 1262 829 a Fn(3)1337 870 y Fp(14)p 1394 839 V -34 w(14)p -1311 839 V 1345 829 a Fn(4)1420 870 y Fp(15)p 1478 839 V -34 -w(15)p 1394 839 V 1428 829 a Fn(5)1503 870 y Fp(16)p 1561 839 -V -34 w(16)p 1478 839 V 1511 829 a Fn(6)1586 870 y Fp(17)p -1644 839 V -34 w(17)p 1561 839 V 1594 829 a Fn(7)150 1299 y -FD(Lev)o(els)17 b(that)g(are)g(activ)o(e)g(are)g(indicated)f(b)o(y)h(1s)f(in) -g(bits)h(29{35;)f(1s)h(in)f(bits)h(21{27)e(indicate)i(lev)o(els)g(on)f(whic)o -(h)150 1348 y(in)o(terrupts)21 b(are)f(curren)o(tly)h(b)q(eing)e(held;)k(1s)c -(in)h(bits)f(11{17)g(indicate)g(lev)o(els)h(that)g(are)g(receiving)g(in)o -(terrupt)150 1398 y(requests)d(generated)f(b)o(y)f(a)g Fx(CONO)f(PI,)g -FD(with)g(a)h(1)g(in)f(bit)h(24.)21 b(A)15 b(1)g(in)f(bit)h(28)g(means)f(the) -h(in)o(terrupt)h(system)f(is)150 1448 y(on.)150 1534 y(The)g(remaining)e -(conditions)i(read)g(b)o(y)g(this)f(instruction)i(ha)o(v)o(e)e(nothing)g(to)h -(do)g(with)f(the)i(in)o(terrupt.)21 b(Bits)16 b(0{8)150 1583 -y(re\015ect)g(the)f(settings)h(of)e(v)n(arious)g(console)h(op)q(erating)f -(switc)o(hes;)i(for)e(information)d(on)k(these)h(switc)o(hes)f(refer)h(to)150 -1633 y(App)q(endix)e(G.2.)150 1719 y FA(Dismissin)o(g)h(an)j(In)o(terrupt)p -FD(.)i(Unless)d(the)f(in)o(terrupt)h(op)q(eration)f(dismisses)f(the)h(in)o -(terrupt)h(automatically)l(,)150 1769 y(the)j(pro)q(cessor)h(holds)f(an)f(in) -o(terrupt)h(un)o(til)f(the)h(program)d(dismisses)i(it,)h(ev)o(en)h(if)d(the)i -(in)o(terrupt)g(routine)g(is)150 1818 y(itself)f(in)o(terrupted)h(b)o(y)f(a)g -(higher)g(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el.)33 b(Th)o(us)19 b(in)o(terrupts)i(can)e(b)q -(e)h(held)f(on)f(a)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(lev)o(els)150 1868 -y(sim)o(ultaneously)m(,)13 b(but)i(from)e(the)j(time)e(an)h(in)o(terrupt)h -(is)f(started)h(un)o(til)f(it)g(is)g(dismissed,)f(no)h(in)o(terrupt)h(can)f -(b)q(e)150 1918 y(started)k(on)f(that)h(lev)o(el)f(or)g(an)o(y)g(lev)o(el)g -(of)f(lo)o(w)o(er)h(priorit)o(y)g(\(requests,)j(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)e(can)f(b)q -(e)h(accepted)h(on)e(lo)o(w)o(er)150 1968 y(priorit)o(y)13 -b(lev)o(els.\).)150 2053 y(A)i(routine)g(dismisses)f(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f(b)o -(y)g(using)g(a)f Fx(JEN)h FD(\()p Fx(JRST)f(12,)p FD(\))h(to)f(return)i(to)f -(the)g(in)o(terrupted)i(program)150 2103 y(\(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(system)g(m) -o(ust)e(b)q(e)i(on)f(when)h(the)g Fx(JEN)f FD(is)g(giv)o(en\).)29 -b(This)17 b(instruction)h(restores)h(the)f(lev)o(el)f(on)150 -2153 y(whic)o(h)d(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(is)f(b)q(eing)g(held,)g(so)g(it)g(can) -h(again)e(accept)i(requests,)h(and)e(in)o(terrupts)i(can)e(b)q(e)h(started)g -(on)150 2203 y(it)g(and)h(lo)o(w)o(er)f(priorit)o(y)g(lev)o(els.)23 -b Fx(JEN)15 b FD(also)g(restores)j(the)e(\015ags,)f(whose)h(states)h(w)o(ere) -g(sa)o(v)o(ed)e(in)g(the)i(left)e(half)g(of)150 2253 y(the)f(PC)g(w)o(ord)g -(if)f(the)h(routine)g(w)o(as)f(called)h(b)o(y)f(a)g Fx(JSR)p -FD(,)g Fx(JSP)p FD(,)f Fx(PUSHJ)p FD(,)h(or)g(MUUO.)h(In)g(the)g(unlik)o(ely) -f(ev)o(en)o(t)h(that)150 2302 y(\015ag)f(restoration)i(is)e(not)h(desired,)h -(a)e Fx(JRST)h(10,)f FD(can)h(b)q(e)g(used)h(instead.)p eop -%%Page: 456 116 -456 115 bop 0 50 a FD(456)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)765 224 y Fz(CA)n(UTION)104 315 y FD(An)g(in)o(terrupt)h -(routine)f(m)o(ust)f(dismiss)g(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f(when)h(it)f(returns)h(to) -f(the)h(in)o(terrupted)g(pro-)104 365 y(gram,)d(or)j(its)f(lev)o(el)g(and)h -(all)e(lev)o(els)h(of)g(lo)o(w)o(er)g(priorit)o(y)g(will)f(b)q(e)i(disabled,) -f(and)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(will)104 414 y(treat)d(the)h(new)f(program)e(as) -i(a)g(con)o(tin)o(uation)f(of)g(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f(routine.)0 -569 y FA(Timing)p FD(.)j(The)d(time)f(a)h(device)h(m)o(ust)e(w)o(ait)g(for)h -(an)g(in)o(terrupt)g(to)g(start)h(dep)q(ends)h(on)e(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(of)f(lev)o(els)h(in)0 618 y(use,)g(and)f(ho)o(w)h(long)e(the)i(service)h -(routines)f(are)g(for)g(devices)g(on)g(higher)f(priorit)o(y)g(lev)o(els.)18 -b(If)13 b(only)g(one)h(device)g(is)0 668 y(using)g(in)o(terrupts,)g(it)g -(need)h(nev)o(er)f(w)o(ait)f(longer)h(than)g(10)p Fu(\026)p -FD(s.)0 754 y FA(Sp)q(ecial)g(Considerations)p FD(.)h(On)f(a)g(return)i(to)d -(an)h(in)o(terrupted)i(program,)c(the)i(pro)q(cessor)i(alw)o(a)o(ys)d(starts) -i(the)0 804 y(in)o(terrupted)g(instruction)e(o)o(v)o(er)h(from)d(the)j(b)q -(eginning.)j(This)d(causes)g(sp)q(ecial)g(problems)e(in)h(a)g -Fx(BL)m(T)h FD(and)f(in)g(b)o(yte)0 853 y(manipulation.)0 939 -y(An)j(in)o(terrupt)h(can)f(start)g(follo)o(wing)d(an)o(y)i(transfer)i(in)f -(a)f Fx(BL)m(T)p FD(.)g(When)h(one)g(do)q(es,)h(the)f Fx(BL)m(T)g -FD(puts)g(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)0 989 y(\(whic)o(h)11 b(has)f(coun)o(ted)i -(o\013)e(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)d(of)i(transfers)g(already)g(made\))e(bac)o(k) -i(in)f(A)o(C.)g(Then)h(when)g(the)h(instruction)0 1039 y(is)18 -b(restarted)h(follo)o(wing)c(the)k(in)o(terrupt,)g(it)e(actually)g(starts)i -(with)e(the)i(next)f(transfer.)30 b(This)18 b(means)f(that)h(if)0 -1088 y(in)o(terrupts)i(are)f(in)g(use,)h(the)f(programmer)e(cannot)i(use)h -(the)f(accum)o(ulator)e(that)i(holds)g(the)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(as)g(an)0 -1138 y(index)c(register)h(in)f(the)g(same)g Fx(BL)m(T)p FD(,)f(he)h(cannot)h -(ha)o(v)o(e)f(the)g Fx(BL)m(T)g FD(load)f(A)o(C)h(except)i(b)o(y)d(the)i -(\014nal)e(transfer,)i(and)0 1188 y(he)e(cannot)g(exp)q(ect)i(A)o(C)e(to)f(b) -q(e)i(the)f(same)f(after)i(the)f(instruction)g(as)g(it)g(w)o(as)f(b)q(efore.) -0 1274 y(An)f(in)o(terrupt)g(can)g(also)f(start)h(in)f(the)h(second)h -(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(address)g(calculation)e(in)g(a)g(t)o(w)o(o{part)g(b)o(yte)h -(instruction.)0 1323 y(When)17 b(this)f(happ)q(ens,)i(First)f(P)o(art)f(Done) -h(is)f(set.)27 b(This)16 b(\015ag)h(is)f(sa)o(v)o(ed)h(as)f(bit)g(4)h(of)e(a) -i(PC)f(w)o(ord,)h(and)f(if)g(it)g(is)0 1373 y(restored)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(in)o -(terrupt)g(routine)g(when)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(is)g(dismissed,)e(it)h(prev) -o(en)o(ts)i(a)e(restarted)i Fx(ILDB)e FD(or)0 1423 y Fx(IDPB)g -FD(from)g(incremen)o(ting)h(the)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(a)f(second)h(time.)28 -b(This)17 b(means)g(that)h(the)g(in)o(terrupt)g(routine)g(m)o(ust)0 -1473 y(c)o(hec)o(k)d(the)g(\015ag)f(b)q(efore)i(using)e(the)h(same)e(p)q(oin) -o(ter,)i(as)f(it)g(no)o(w)g(p)q(oin)o(ts)h(to)f(the)h(next)g(b)o(yte.)20 -b(Giving)13 b(an)h Fx(ILDB)g FD(or)0 1523 y Fx(IDPB)g FD(w)o(ould)g(skip)g(a) -h(b)o(yte.)21 b(And)15 b(if)f(the)i(routine)f(restores)i(the)e(\015ag,)f(the) -i(in)o(terrupted)g Fx(ILDB)e FD(or)h Fx(IDPB)f FD(w)o(ould)0 -1572 y(pro)q(cess)i(the)e(same)f(b)o(yte)h(the)h(routine)f(did.)0 -1658 y FA(Programming)h(Suggestions)o(.)21 b FD(The)16 b(Monitor)f(handles)h -(all)e(in)o(terrupts)j(for)e(user)i(programs.)22 b(Ev)o(en)16 -b(if)e(the)0 1708 y(User)19 b(In{Out)f(\015ag)g(is)g(set,)h(a)f(user)h -(program)e(generally)g(cannot)i(reference)h(the)f(in)o(terrupt)g(lo)q -(cations)e(to)h(set)0 1758 y(them)12 b(up.)18 b(Pro)q(cedures)d(for)e -(informing)d(the)j(Monitor)g(of)f(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f(requiremen)o(ts)g(of)g -(a)f(user)i(program)e(are)0 1807 y(discussed)k(in)d(the)h(Monitor)g(man)o -(ual.)0 1893 y(F)m(or)f(those)i(who)f(do)f(program)g(priorit)o(y)g(in)o -(terrupt)h(routines,)g(there)i(are)e(sev)o(eral)g(rules)h(to)f(remem)o(b)q -(er.)62 2002 y FB(\017)21 b FD(No)13 b(requests)i(can)f(b)q(e)g(accepted,)h -(not)e(ev)o(en)h(on)f(higher)g(priorit)o(y)g(lev)o(els,)g(while)g(an)g(in)o -(terrupt)h(is)f(starting.)104 2052 y(Therefore)i(do)f(not)f(use)i(length)o(y) -f(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(address)g(calculations)e(in)h(in)o(terrupt)g -(instructions.)62 2128 y FB(\017)21 b FD(Most)c(in{out)f(devices)i(are)g -(designed)f(to)g(drop)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt)g(request)i(when)e(the)h(program)d -(resp)q(onds,)104 2178 y(usually)9 b(with)h(a)g Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)e -FD(or)i Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)p FD(.)d(If)j(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(is)f(handled)g -(neither)h(b)o(y)e(a)h Fx(BLKI)g FD(or)g Fx(BLK)o(O)f FD(in)o(terrupt)104 -2228 y(instruction)14 b(nor)g(b)o(y)f(a)h(service)h(routine,)e(the)h -(programmer)e(m)o(ust)h(mak)o(e)f(sure)j(the)f(device)g(is)g(con\014gured)104 -2277 y(to)g(drop)f(the)i(request)g(on)f(receipt)h(of)f(whatev)o(er)g(resp)q -(onse)i(the)f(program)d(do)q(es)i(giv)o(e.)62 2353 y FB(\017)21 -b FD(The)14 b(in)o(terrupt)h(instruction)f(that)g(calls)f(the)i(routine)f(m)o -(ust)f(sa)o(v)o(e)h(PC)g(if)f(there)i(is)f(to)f(b)q(e)i(a)f(return)h(to)e -(the)104 2403 y(in)o(terrupted)j(program.)22 b(Generally)14 -b(a)i Fx(JSR)e FD(is)i(used)g(as)g(it)f(sa)o(v)o(es)h(b)q(oth)f(PC)h(and)f -(the)h(\015ags,)f(and)h(it)f(uses)104 2453 y(no)e(accum)o(ulator)62 -2529 y FB(\017)21 b FD(The)16 b(principal)f(function)g(of)g(an)g(in)o -(terrupt)h(routine)g(is)g(to)f(resp)q(ond)i(to)e(the)h(situation)f(that)h -(caused)g(the)104 2579 y(in)o(terrupt.)24 b(F)m(or)15 b(example,)g -(computations)f(that)i(can)g(b)q(e)g(p)q(erformed)f(outside)h(the)h(routine)f -(should)f(not)104 2629 y(b)q(e)f(included)g(within)f(it.)p -eop -%%Page: 457 117 -457 116 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(457)212 195 y FB(\017)21 b FD(If)14 b(the)i(routine)f(uses)h -(a)e(UUO)i(it)e(m)o(ust)g(\014rst)h(sa)o(v)o(e)g(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e -(the)h(pair)g(of)f(lo)q(cations)g(that)h(will)e(b)q(e)254 245 -y(c)o(hanged)j(b)o(y)g(it)f(in)h(case)h(the)f(in)o(terrupted)h(program)e(w)o -(as)g(in)h(the)g(pro)q(cess)i(of)d(handling)g(a)h(UUO)g(of)f(the)254 -295 y(same)g(t)o(yp)q(e.)25 b(F)m(or)16 b(an)g(MUUO,)g(the)h(routine)g(m)o -(ust)e(sa)o(v)o(e)h(lo)q(cations)g(424)f(and)h(425)g(of)f(the)i(user)g(pro)q -(cess)254 345 y(table.)h(F)m(or)c(an)f(LUUO)i(the)g(routine)f(m)o(ust)f(sa)o -(v)o(e)h(lo)q(cation)f(40)g(in)h(the)h(executiv)o(e)g(pro)q(cess)h(table)e -(and)f(the)254 394 y(lo)q(cation)g(used)i(b)o(y)e(the)i(UUO)f(handler)g -(instruction)g(to)g(store)h(the)f(PC)g(w)o(ord.)212 477 y FB(\017)21 -b FD(The)15 b(routine)h(m)o(ust)e(dismiss)g(the)i(in)o(terrupt)g(\(with)f(a)g -Fx(JEN)p FD(\))g(when)h(returning)g(to)f(the)h(in)o(terrupted)g(pro-)254 -527 y(gram.)g(The)e(\015ags)g(and)g(UUO)g(lo)q(cations)g(should)f(b)q(e)i -(restored.)150 679 y Fz(4.3.3)55 b(KI10)19 b(Pro)r(cessor)f(Conditions)150 -792 y FD(P)o(age)e(failures)f(and)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(are)h(handled)g(b)o -(y)f(trapping,)g(but)h(there)h(are)f(a)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(in)o(ternal)g -(conditions)150 841 y(that)h(can)h(signal)e(the)i(program)e(b)o(y)h -(requesting)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(on)g(a)f(lev)o(el)g(assigned)g(to)g(the)h -(pro)q(cessor.)28 b(The)150 891 y(program)12 b(can)h(actually)f(assign)h(t)o -(w)o(o)g(lev)o(els)g(|)f(one)i(for)e(error)i(conditions)f(and)g(one)h(sp)q -(eci\014cally)f(for)g(the)g(clo)q(c)o(k.)150 941 y(Con)o(trol)j(o)o(v)o(er)g -(the)h(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)g(F)m(ailure)e(and)h(P)o(arit)o(y)g(Error)h(\015ags)f -(is)h(exercised)h(b)o(y)e(a)g Fx(CONO)f FD(that)i(addresses)h(the)150 -991 y(priorit)o(y)11 b(in)o(terrupt)h(system)g(\()p FB(x)p -FD(4.3.2\).)k(Con)o(trol)11 b(o)o(v)o(er)g(other)i(conditions)e(and)g(insp)q -(ection)h(of)f(all)g(are)h(handled)f(b)o(y)150 1041 y(condition)e(I/O)i -(instructions)f(that)h(address)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor:)18 b(the)10 -b Fx(CONI)g FD(also)f(reads)i(some)e(console)i(switc)o(hes)g(and)150 -1090 y(main)o(tenance)j(functions.)23 b(The)16 b(pro)q(cessor)h(also)d(has)i -(a)f(data{out)f(instruction)i(through)f(whic)o(h)h(the)g(program)150 -1140 y(can)e(p)q(erform)f(margin)f(c)o(hec)o(king)i(of)f(the)i(system)f(in)f -(b)q(oth)h(sp)q(eed)h(and)f(v)o(oltage.)150 1226 y(The)20 b(error)h -(conditions)f(are)g(generally)g(regarded)h(as)f(imp)q(ortan)o(t)e(enough)i -(to)g(b)q(e)g(assigned)g(to)g(the)h(highest)150 1276 y(priorit)o(y)13 -b(lev)o(el.)19 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)c(for)f(conditions)g(that)g(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e) -j(asso)q(ciated)g(with)f(user)h(instructions)g(\(a)f(parit)o(y)g(error)150 -1325 y(or)g(unansw)o(ered)i(memory)c(reference\),)k(the)f(common)d(practice)j -(is)f(for)g(the)h(error)h(in)o(terrupt)f(to)f(switc)o(h)h(o)o(v)o(er)f(to)150 -1375 y(the)g(lo)o(w)o(est)f(priorit)o(y)g(lev)o(el)g(b)o(y)g(means)g(of)g(a)g -(program{set)f(request.)20 b(Then)14 b(the)g(time)e(to)h(handle)g(the)h -(situation,)150 1425 y(whic)o(h)g(ma)o(y)e(w)o(ell)h(b)q(e)h(considerable,)g -(cannot)h(in)o(terfere)g(with)e(high)g(priorit)o(y)g(ev)o(en)o(ts.)150 -1511 y(One)j(of)e(the)i(features)g(con)o(trolled)f(b)o(y)g(the)h -Fx(CONO)e FD(for)g(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(is)e(the)h(automatic)d(restart)j -(after)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)150 1560 y(failure.)23 b(This)15 b(restart)j(applies) -d(only)g(when)h(the)h(lev)o(els)e(on)h(the)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)g(mains)e(go)h(b) -q(elo)o(w)h(sp)q(eci\014cation)g(while)150 1610 y(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(is)e -(running,)f(and)h(the)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)f(switc)o(h)h(is)f(on)f(when)i(p)q(o)o -(w)o(er)f(is)g(restored)i(|)e(the)g(mac)o(hine)f(nev)o(er)150 -1660 y(b)q(egins)i(op)q(eration)g(b)o(y)g(itself)f(when)i(the)f(op)q(erator)h -(turns)f(the)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)f(switc)o(h)g(on)g(or)g(o\013.)24 -b(Inadequate)16 b(p)q(o)o(w)o(er,)150 1710 y(o)o(v)o(er)e(temp)q(erature,)f -(etc.)19 b(are)14 b(indicated)g(b)o(y)f(the)i(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)e(F)m(ailure)g -(\015ag.)k(In)d(order)g(for)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(to)f(restart)150 -1760 y(itself,)e(the)i(program)d(m)o(ust)g(resp)q(ond)j(in)f(a)f(particular)h -(w)o(a)o(y)f(to)g(the)i(setting)f(of)f(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)h(F)m(ailure.)k(If)12 -b(the)i(program)150 1809 y(fails)f(to)g(resp)q(ond)i(prop)q(erly)m(,)f(there) -h(is)f(no)f(restart.)150 1895 y(The)h(pro)q(cessor)i(device)f(co)q(de)f(is)g -(000,)f(mnemonic)e(APR.)p 150 2144 1495 4 v 150 2069 V 148 -2142 4 75 v 1643 2142 V 688 2142 V 729 2142 V 896 2142 V 162 -2174 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 -2119 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 2036 y Fk(CONO)17 b(APR,)38 -b(Conditions)21 b(Out,)d(Arithmetic)h(Pro)r(cesso)n(r)368 2118 -y FD(70020)150 2269 y(Assign)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(lev)o(els)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(bits)g(30{35)f(of)h(the)g(e\013ectiv)o(e)i(conditions)e -Fu(E)i FD(and)e(p)q(erform)f(the)150 2319 y(functions)d(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o -(y)f(bits)g(18{29)f(as)h(sho)o(wn)g(\(a)f(1)h(in)g(a)f(bit)h(pro)q(duces)h -(the)g(indicated)f(function,)f(a)g(0)h(has)g(no)150 2369 y(e\013ect\).)p -eop -%%Page: 458 118 -458 117 bop 0 50 a FD(458)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)p 0 424 1495 2 v -1 423 2 187 v 0 237 1495 -2 v 1494 423 2 187 v 248 436 2 13 v 497 436 V 746 436 V 995 -436 V 1244 436 V 25 454 a Fp(18)p 82 423 2 187 v -34 w(18)p --1 423 V 7 324 a Fd(Reset)4 350 y(Timer)108 454 y Fp(19)p 165 -423 V -34 w(19)p 82 423 V 91 284 a Fd(Clear)105 311 y(In{)100 -337 y(Out)101 364 y(De{)95 390 y(vices)191 454 y Fp(20)p 248 -320 2 84 v -34 w(20)p 165 320 V 180 272 a Fd(Dis{)182 299 y(able)274 -454 y Fp(21)p 331 320 V -34 w(21)p 248 320 V 266 272 a Fd(En{)265 -299 y(able)274 454 y Fp(21)p 331 403 V -117 w(20)p 165 403 -V 212 368 a Fd(Timer)274 454 y Fp(21)p 331 423 2 21 v -34 w(21)p -248 423 V 49 w(22)p 414 320 2 84 v -34 w(22)p 331 320 V 346 -272 a Fd(Dis{)348 299 y(able)440 454 y Fp(23)p 497 320 V -34 -w(23)p 414 320 V 432 272 a Fd(En{)431 299 y(able)440 454 y -Fp(23)p 497 403 V -117 w(22)p 331 403 V 377 355 a Fd(Auto{)369 -381 y(Restart)440 454 y Fp(23)p 497 423 2 21 v -34 w(23)p 414 -423 V 49 w(24)p 580 320 2 84 v -34 w(24)p 497 320 V 512 272 -a Fd(Dis{)514 299 y(able)606 454 y Fp(25)p 663 320 V -34 w(25)p -580 320 V 598 272 a Fd(En{)597 299 y(able)606 454 y Fp(25)p -663 403 V -117 w(24)p 497 403 V 546 353 a Fd(Clo)q(c)o(k)524 -380 y(In)o(terrupt)606 454 y Fp(25)p 663 423 2 21 v -34 w(25)p -580 423 V 49 w(26)p 746 423 2 187 v -34 w(26)p 663 423 V 673 -324 a Fd(Clear)671 351 y(Clo)q(c)o(k)772 454 y Fp(27)p 829 -423 V -34 w(27)p 746 423 V 49 w(28)p 912 423 V -34 w(28)p 829 -423 V 839 282 a Fd(Clear)852 308 y(In{)848 335 y(Out)842 362 -y(P)o(age)848 393 y(F)n(ail)938 454 y Fp(29)p 995 423 V -34 -w(29)p 912 423 V 922 324 a Fd(Clear)922 351 y(NXM)1187 454 -y Fp(32)p 1244 423 V -200 w(30)p 995 423 V 1064 283 a(Priorit)o(y)1054 -321 y(In)o(terrupt)1037 359 y(Assignmen)o(t)1056 397 y(for)d(Error)1436 -454 y(35)p 1494 423 V -200 w(33)p 1244 423 V 1313 283 a(Priorit)o(y)1303 -321 y(In)o(terrupt)1286 359 y(Assignmen)o(t)1303 397 y(for)g(Clo)q(c)o(k)0 -613 y FD(A)16 b(1)g(in)g(bit)g(19)f(pro)q(duces)j(the)f(I/O)f(reset)i -(signal,)d(whic)o(h)h(clears)h(the)g(con)o(trol)f(logic)f(in)h(all)f(of)h -(the)g(p)q(eripheral)0 663 y(equipmen)o(t)d(\(but)h(a\013ects)h(neither)g -(the)g(priorit)o(y)e(in)o(terrupt)h(system)g(nor)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)g -(conditions\).)p 0 914 1495 4 v 0 839 V -2 912 4 75 v 1493 -912 V 538 912 V 579 912 V 746 912 V 12 944 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 889 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)0 806 y Fk(CONI)18 b(APR,)61 b(Conditions)21 b(In,)e(Arithmetic)g(Pro)r -(cesso)n(r)218 888 y FD(70024)0 1039 y(Read)e(the)h(status)f(of)g(the)h(pro)q -(cessor)h(\(as)e(w)o(ell)f(as)i(v)n(arious)e(console)h(switc)o(hes)i(and)e -(main)o(tenance)f(functions\))0 1089 y(in)o(to)d(lo)q(cation)g -Fu(E)j FD(as)e(sho)o(wn)g(\(asterisks)h(indicate)f(bits)g(that)g(can)g(cause) -h(in)o(terrupts\).)p 0 1721 1495 2 v -1 1720 2 187 v 0 1534 -1495 2 v 1494 1720 2 187 v 248 1733 2 13 v 497 1733 V 746 1733 -V 995 1733 V 1244 1733 V 25 1751 a Fp(18)p 82 1720 2 187 v --34 w(18)p -1 1720 V 10 1621 a Fd(Time)17 1647 y(Out)108 1751 -y Fp(19)p 165 1720 V -34 w(19)p 82 1720 V 103 1621 a Fd(P)o(ar)91 -1647 y(Error)116 1529 y Fn(*)191 1751 y Fp(20)p 248 1720 V --34 w(20)p 165 1720 V 186 1581 a Fd(P)o(ar)174 1607 y(Error)189 -1634 y(In)o(t)183 1660 y(En{)174 1687 y(abled)274 1751 y Fp(21)p -331 1720 V -34 w(21)p 248 1720 V 253 1607 a Fd(Timer)266 1634 -y(En{)257 1661 y(abled)357 1751 y Fp(22)p 414 1720 V -34 w(22)p -331 1720 V 336 1621 a Fd(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)350 1647 y(F)n(ail)365 -1529 y Fn(*)440 1751 y Fp(23)p 497 1720 V -34 w(23)p 414 1720 -V 419 1581 a Fd(Auto{)433 1608 y(Re{)427 1633 y(start)429 1660 -y(Dis{)423 1687 y(abled)523 1751 y Fp(24)p 580 1720 V -34 w(24)p -497 1720 V 49 w(25)p 663 1720 V -34 w(25)p 580 1720 V 588 1594 -a Fd(Clo)q(c)o(k)604 1621 y(In)o(t)598 1647 y(En{)590 1674 -y(abled)689 1751 y Fp(26)p 746 1720 V -34 w(26)p 663 1720 V -671 1634 a Fd(Clo)q(c)o(k)697 1529 y Fn(*)772 1751 y Fp(27)p -829 1720 V -34 w(27)p 746 1720 V 49 w(28)p 912 1720 V -34 w(28)p -829 1720 V 852 1592 a Fd(In{)848 1619 y(Out)842 1645 y(P)o(age)848 -1676 y(F)n(ail)863 1529 y Fn(*)938 1751 y Fp(29)p 995 1720 -V -34 w(29)p 912 1720 V 922 1634 a Fd(NXM)946 1529 y Fn(*)1187 -1751 y Fp(32)p 1244 1720 V -200 w(30)p 995 1720 V 1064 1580 -a(Priorit)o(y)1054 1618 y(In)o(terrupt)1037 1656 y(Assignmen)o(t)1056 -1694 y(for)c(Error)1436 1751 y(35)p 1494 1720 V -200 w(33)p -1244 1720 V 1313 1580 a(Priorit)o(y)1303 1618 y(In)o(terrupt)1286 -1656 y(Assignmen)o(t)1303 1694 y(for)g(Clo)q(c)o(k)p 0 1410 -1495 2 v -1 1409 2 187 v 0 1223 1495 2 v 1494 1409 2 187 v -248 1422 2 13 v 497 1422 V 746 1422 V 995 1422 V 1244 1422 -V 33 1439 a(0)p 82 1409 2 187 v -17 w(0)p -1 1409 V 66 w(1)p -165 1409 V -17 w(1)p 82 1409 V 94 1267 a Fd(Mem)88 1294 y(Ov)o(er{)106 -1321 y(lap)97 1351 y(Dis{)99 1378 y(able)199 1439 y Fp(2)p -248 1409 V -17 w(2)p 165 1409 V 186 1296 a Fd(FM)173 1323 y(Man{)189 -1349 y(ual)282 1439 y Fp(3)p 331 1409 V -17 w(3)p 248 1409 -V 273 1281 a Fd(MI)261 1307 y(Prog)263 1338 y(Dis{)265 1365 -y(able)365 1439 y Fp(4)p 414 1409 V -17 w(4)p 331 1409 V 342 -1283 a Fd(Con{)350 1309 y(sole)343 1336 y(Data)344 1363 y(Lo)q(c)o(k)448 -1439 y Fp(5)p 497 1409 V -17 w(5)p 414 1409 V 425 1296 a Fd(Con{)433 -1323 y(sole)427 1350 y(Lo)q(c)o(k)531 1439 y Fp(6)p 580 1409 -V -17 w(6)p 497 1409 V 526 1309 a Fd(50)523 1336 y(Hz)614 1439 -y Fp(7)p 663 1409 V -17 w(7)p 580 1409 V 591 1281 a Fd(Mar{)604 -1307 y(gin)598 1338 y(En{)597 1365 y(able)697 1439 y Fp(8)p -746 1409 V -17 w(8)p 663 1409 V 669 1309 a Fd(Main)o(t)672 -1336 y(Mo)q(de)780 1439 y Fp(9)p 829 1409 V -17 w(9)p 746 1409 -V 751 1309 a Fd(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)750 1336 y(Alarm)855 1439 y -Fp(10)p 912 1409 V -34 w(10)p 829 1409 V 844 1268 a Fd(V)n(ol{)846 -1294 y(tage)837 1324 y(Mon{)849 1351 y(itor)846 1377 y(Lo)o(w)938 -1439 y Fp(11)p 995 1409 V -34 w(11)p 912 1409 V 464 w(17)p -1494 1368 2 146 v -449 w(12)p 995 1368 V 1131 1306 a Fn(Sense)f(Switc)o(hes) -1021 1439 y Fp(12)p 1078 1409 2 42 v -34 w(12)p 995 1409 V -1029 1399 a Fn(1)1104 1439 y Fp(13)p 1161 1409 V -34 w(13)p -1078 1409 V 1112 1399 a Fn(2)1187 1439 y Fp(14)p 1244 1409 -V -34 w(14)p 1161 1409 V 1195 1399 a Fn(3)1270 1439 y Fp(15)p -1328 1409 V -34 w(15)p 1244 1409 V 1278 1399 a Fn(4)1353 1439 -y Fp(16)p 1411 1409 V -34 w(16)p 1328 1409 V 1361 1399 a Fn(5)1436 -1439 y Fp(17)p 1494 1409 V -34 w(17)p 1411 1409 V 1444 1399 -a Fn(5)0 1910 y FD(In)o(terrupts)17 b(are)e(requested)j(on)c(the)i(error)g -(lev)o(el)f(\(assigned)h(b)o(y)f(bits)g(30{32)f(of)g(the)i -Fx(CONO)p FD(\))e(b)o(y)h(the)h(setting)g(of)0 1960 y(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)d(F)m -(ailure,)e(In{Out)i(P)o(age)f(F)m(ailure,)g(Nonexisten)o(t)h(Memory)m(,)e -(and)h(if)g(enabled,)g(P)o(arit)o(y)g(Error.)19 b(The)13 b(setting)0 -2009 y(of)k(Clo)q(c)o(k)g(Flag,)g(if)g(enabled,)h(requests)i(an)d(in)o -(terrupt)h(on)f(the)i(clo)q(c)o(k)e(lev)o(el)g(\(assigned)h(b)o(y)g(bits)f -(33{35)f(of)h(the)0 2059 y Fx(CONO)p FD(\).)0 2145 y(Bits)f(12{17)e -(re\015ect)j(the)f(states)g(of)f(the)h(console)f(sense)i(switc)o(hes,)f(whic) -o(h)f(are)h(sp)q(eci\014cally)g(for)f(op)q(erator)g(com-)0 -2195 y(m)o(unication)g(with)h(the)i(program.)25 b(Bits)17 b(1{5)f(re\015ect)j -(the)e(settings)h(of)e(v)n(arious)g(console)i(op)q(erating)e(switc)o(hes;)0 -2244 y(for)d(information)e(on)i(these)i(switc)o(hes)f(refer)h(to)e(App)q -(endix)h(G.2.)j(Bits)d(7{10)e(are)i(main)o(tenance)f(functions)1702 -2229 y Fp(71)1750 2244 y FD(for)0 2294 y(whic)o(h)h(the)g(reader)h(should)f -(refer)h(to)f(Chapter)g(10)g(of)f(the)h Fy(KI10)i(Maintenanc)n(e)g(Manual)t -FD(.)0 2362 y(6)70 b(The)19 b(system)f(is)h(op)q(erating)f(on)g(50)g(Hz)h -(line)f(p)q(o)o(w)o(er.)32 b(This)18 b(is)g(imp)q(ortan)o(t)f(to)h(the)h -(program,)e(not)i(only)91 2412 y(b)q(ecause)c(some)e(I/O)g(devices)i(run)f -(slo)o(w)o(er)f(on)g(50)g(Hz,)h(but)f(b)q(ecause)i(the)g(program)c(m)o(ust)i -(comp)q(ensate)g(for)91 2461 y(the)i(time)d(di\013erence)k(when)f(using)e -(the)i(line)e(frequency)i(clo)q(c)o(k)f(\(bit)g(26\).)p 0 2498 -720 2 v 31 2525 a Fo(71)64 2537 y Fn(The)e(pro)q(cessor)e(do)q(es)i(not)g -(actually)e(ha)o(v)o(e)i(a)g(main)o(tenanc)o(e)e(mo)q(de)h(|)i(the)f(bit)g -(is)g(simply)f(the)h(OR)h(function)d(of)j(a)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)0 -2576 y(console)f(switc)o(hes,)g(an)o(y)h(one)f(of)i(whic)o(h)f(b)q(eing)f(on) -h(implies)e(that)i(the)g(pro)q(cessor)e(is)i(b)q(eing)g(op)q(erated)e(for)i -(main)o(tenan)o(ce)d(purp)q(oses.)p eop -%%Page: 459 119 -459 118 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(459)150 195 y(18)49 b(Bit)16 b(21)f(is)h(1)f(and)h(the)g -(program)e(has)i(not)f(reset)j(the)e(timer)e(\()p Fx(CONO)h(APR,)f -FD(bit)i(18\))f(during)g(the)i(last)e(1.2)241 245 y(seconds)j(\(the)g(p)q -(erio)q(d)e(of)g(the)h(timer)f(ma)o(y)e(v)n(ary)i(from)f(1.2)h(to)g(1.5)g -(seconds\).)27 b(The)17 b(setting)g(of)f(this)g(\015ag)241 -295 y(clears)h(the)f(pro)q(cessor)h(and)f(the)g(p)q(eripheral)g(equipmen)o -(t,)f(and)g(restarts)i(the)f(pro)q(cessor)i(in)d(k)o(ernel)h(mo)q(de)241 -345 y(at)e(lo)q(cation)f(70.)504 329 y Fp(72)150 430 y FD(19)49 -b(A)15 b(w)o(ord)f(with)g(ev)o(en)h(parit)o(y)f(has)g(b)q(een)i(read)e(from)f -(core)i(memory)m(.)i(If)c(bit)h(20)g(is)g(1,)g(the)h(setting)g(of)e(P)o(arit) -o(y)241 480 y(Error)i(requests)h(an)d(in)o(terrupt)i(on)f(the)g(error)h(lev)o -(el)f(\(see)h(cautions)f(b)q(elo)o(w\).)150 565 y(22)49 b(A)o(C)20 -b(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)g(has)g(failed.)34 b(The)20 b(program)e(should)i(sa)o(v)o(e) -g(PC,)f(the)h(\015ags,)h(mo)q(de)e(information)e(and)i(fast)241 -615 y(memory)e(in)j(core,)h(and)e(halt)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor.)37 -b(Note)20 b(that)g(PC)g(ma)o(y)d(p)q(oin)o(t)i(to)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i -(service)241 665 y(routine)14 b(rather)h(than)f(the)h(main)c(program.)241 -733 y(The)18 b(setting)f(of)f(this)h(\015ag)f(requests)j(an)d(in)o(terrupt)i -(on)e(the)i(error)f(lev)o(el.)27 b(After)17 b(4)f(ms)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i -(is)241 783 y(cleared.)g(But)13 b(at)g(that)g(time,)e(if)h(the)h(p)q(o)o(w)o -(er)g(switc)o(h)g(is)g(on)f(and)h(the)g(program)e(has)i(cleared)h(P)o(o)o(w)o -(er)f(F)m(ailure)241 832 y(\()p Fx(CONO)18 b(PI,400000)p FD(\))e(and)i -(enabled)h(the)h(auto)e(restart)i(\()p Fx(CONO)e(APR,010000)p -FD(\),)e(then)j(when)g(adequate)241 882 y(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)13 -b(lev)o(els)g(are)g(restored,)h(the)f(pro)q(cessor)i(will)c(resume)h(normal)f -(op)q(eration)h(b)o(y)h(executing)g(the)g(instruc-)241 932 -y(tion)18 b(in)f(lo)q(cation)g(70)g(in)h(k)o(ernel)g(mo)q(de.)29 -b(The)18 b(restart)h(instruction)f(should)g(set)h(up)f(PC,)f(whic)o(h)h(w)o -(ould)241 982 y(otherwise)d(b)q(e)g(clear.)150 1067 y(26)49 -b(This)15 b(\015ag)g(is)f(set)i(at)f(the)h(ac)f(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)g(line)f -(frequency)i(and)f(can)g(th)o(us)h(b)q(e)f(used)h(for)f(lo)o(w)f(resolution)g -(timing)241 1117 y(\(the)g(clo)q(c)o(k)f(has)g(high)f(long)g(term)g -(accuracy\).)19 b(If)12 b(bit)h(25)f(is)h(1,)f(the)i(setting)f(of)f(the)i -(Clo)q(c)o(k)e(\015ag)g(requests)j(an)241 1167 y(in)o(terrupt)g(on)f(the)g -(clo)q(c)o(k)g(lev)o(el.)150 1253 y(28)49 b(A)17 b(page)g(failure)g(has)g(o)q -(ccurred)i(in)d(an)h(in)o(terrupt)h(instruction.)27 b(The)18 -b(setting)f(of)g(this)g(\015ag)f(requests)j(an)241 1302 y(in)o(terrupt)g(on)f -(the)g(error)h(lev)o(el.)30 b(An)19 b(in)o(terrupt)f(page)g(failure)f(caused) -j(b)o(y)d(the)i(console)f(address)i(break)241 1352 y(switc)o(h)15 -b(also)e(sets)i(this)f(\015ag)f(instead)i(of)e(pro)q(ducing)h(an)f(address)j -(failure)d(\()p FB(x)p FD(4.3.4\).)241 1420 y Fy(Note:)22 b -FD(A)15 b(page)h(failure)e(in)h(an)h(in)o(terrupt)g(instruction)g(is)f -(regarded)h(as)g(a)f(fatal)g(error,)h(and)f(it)g(causes)i(an)241 -1470 y(in)o(terrupt)c(instead)g(of)f(a)g(page)h(failure)e(trap.)18 -b(The)13 b(k)o(ernel)g(program)d(is)j(exp)q(ected)h(to)e(set)i(up)e(the)h(in) -o(terrupt)241 1520 y(instructions)i(so)f(that)g(a)f(failure)h(simply)d -(cannot)j(o)q(ccur.)150 1605 y(29)49 b(The)15 b(pro)q(cessor)i(attempted)d -(to)g(access)j(a)d(memory)e(that)j(did)f(not)g(resp)q(ond)i(within)e(100)p -Fu(\026)p FD(s.)20 b(The)15 b(setting)241 1655 y(of)f(this)g(\015ag)f -(requests)j(an)d(in)o(terrupt)i(on)f(the)g(error)h(lev)o(el)f(\(see)h -(cautions)f(b)q(elo)o(w\).)241 1723 y Fy(Note:)j FD(PC)12 b(b)q(ears)g(no)f -(relation)g(to)g(the)h(unansw)o(ered)h(reference)g(if)e(the)h(attempted)f -(access)i(originated)e(from)241 1772 y(a)j(console)g(k)o(ey)g(function.)150 -1876 y Fy(Pr)n(o)n(gr)n(amming)k(Cautions)s FD(.)30 b(When)18 -b(handling)e(parit)o(y)h(error)i(or)f(nonexisten)o(t)g(memory)d(in)o -(terrupts,)20 b(the)e(pro-)150 1926 y(grammer)11 b(should)j(b)q(ew)o(are)h -(of)e(the)i(follo)o(wing.)g(Should)e(an)h(error)h(\015ag)e(b)q(e)i(set)f -(during)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt)g(gran)o(t,)f(the)150 1975 y(pro)q(cessor)19 -b(w)o(ould)e(handle)g(a)g(lo)o(w)o(er)g(priorit)o(y)f(in)o(terrupt)i(b)q -(efore)g(getting)f(to)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(in)o(terrupt.)29 -b(This)150 2025 y(means)14 b(PC)g(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j(p)q(oin)o(ting)f(to)g(a)g -(lo)o(w)o(er)g(lev)o(el)g(in)o(terrupt)h(service)h(routine)e(rather)h(than)g -(the)g(program)d(lev)o(el)150 2075 y(at)j(whic)o(h)h(the)g(error)g(o)q -(ccurred.)25 b(\(Remem)o(b)q(er)14 b(that)i(during)f(the)h(gran)o(t)f(pro)q -(cedure,)i(the)g(in)o(terrupt)f(system)f(is)150 2125 y(otherwise)h(static)f -(and)g(the)g(program)e(con)o(tin)o(ues.)22 b(Moreo)o(v)o(er)15 -b(the)h(pro)q(cessor)g(is)f(e\013ectiv)o(ely)h(at)e(the)i(far)e(end)i(of)150 -2175 y(the)e(bus.\))212 2302 y FB(\017)21 b FD(Ev)o(en)16 b(without)f(inadv)o -(erten)o(t)h(in)o(terference)h(from)d(another)i(lev)o(el,)f(it)g(is)g(quite)h -(lik)o(ely)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(will)254 2352 y(p)q(erform)g(one)h(or)g(p)q -(erhaps)i(t)o(w)o(o)d(more)g(instructions)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(the)e(time)f -(the)i(error)g(\015ag)f(sets)h(and)f(its)254 2401 y(in)o(terrupt)12 -b(starts.)18 b(Hence)13 b(ev)o(en)f(though)f(PC)g(is)g(at)g(the)h(correct)h -(program)d(lev)o(el,)h(it)f(ma)o(y)g(w)o(ell)g(b)q(e)i(p)q(oin)o(ting)254 -2451 y(to)i(the)g(\014rst)h(or)f(second)h(instruction)f(follo)o(wing)d(the)j -(one)h(in)e(whic)o(h)h(the)g(error)h(o)q(ccurred.)p 150 2486 -720 2 v 181 2513 a Fo(72)214 2524 y Fn(The)e(timer)f(pro)o(vides)g(a)h -(restart)f(similar)g(to)h(that)g(follo)o(wing)f(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)h(failure.)19 -b(Running)12 b(the)h(mac)o(hine)e(under)h(margins)f(ma)o(y)150 -2564 y(result)f(in)g(signi\014can)o(t)e(logical)i(errors.)j(If)e(the)f(timer) -g(is)h(enabled,)e(failure)g(of)h(the)h(program)d(to)j(reset)f(it)g(ab)q(out)g -(ev)o(ery)f(second)h(allo)o(ws)150 2603 y(it)h(to)g(time)g(out.)j(The)e -(restart)e(instruction)e(should)i(set)h(up)g(PC,)h(whic)o(h)f(w)o(ould)g -(otherwise)f(b)q(e)h(clear.)p eop -%%Page: 460 120 -460 119 bop 0 50 a FD(460)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)62 195 y FB(\017)21 b FD(A)12 b(pro)q(cessor)i(error)f(in)o -(terrupt)f(that)g(switc)o(hes)i(o)o(v)o(er)e(to)f(a)h(lo)o(w)o(er)g(priorit)o -(y)f(lev)o(el)h(should)f(not)h(return)i(to)d(the)104 245 y(in)o(terrupted)17 -b(program,)e(as)h(the)g(error)h(ma)o(y)e(simply)f(recur,)j(pro)q(ducing)f(a)g -(second)h(pro)q(cessor)h(in)o(terrupt)104 295 y(b)q(efore)f(the)h -(error{handling)e(in)o(terrupt)i(for)e(the)h(\014rst.)28 b(This)17 -b(could)f(happ)q(en)i(b)q(ecause)g(PC)f(is)g(actually)104 345 -y(p)q(oin)o(ting)i(to)h(the)g(o\013ending)g(instruction,)i(but)e(b)q(ey)o -(ond)g(that,)h(one)g(error)g(often)f(b)q(egets)h(another)f(|)104 -394 y(consider)15 b(the)f(case)h(of)f(PC)g(coun)o(ting)f(in)o(to)h(a)f -(nonexisten)o(t)i(memory)m(.)g(In)f(an)o(y)g(ev)o(en)o(t,)g(it)g(is)f -(generally)h(not)104 444 y(w)o(orth)o(while)f(to)h(return)h(to)f(an)o(y)f -(program)f(without)i(\014rst)g(\014nding)g(out)g(what)f(w)o(en)o(t)i(wrong.) -62 527 y FB(\017)21 b FD(The)e(error)h(ma)o(y)d(ha)o(v)o(e)h(originated)g -(from)f(a)i(console)g(k)o(ey)g(function,)g(and)g(th)o(us)g(b)q(e)g(hidden)g -(from)e(an)o(y)104 577 y(in)o(v)o(estigation)12 b(b)o(y)i(the)g(program.)p -0 867 1495 4 v 0 793 V -2 866 4 75 v 1493 866 V 538 866 V 579 -866 V 746 866 V 12 897 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 843 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)0 759 y Fk(D)n(A)-5 -b(T)g(A)n(O)18 b(APR,)d(Maintenance)20 b(Data)f(Out,)f(Arithmetic)h(Pro)r -(cesso)n(r)218 842 y FD(70014)0 993 y(Supply)10 b(diagnostic)g(information)e -(and)j(p)q(erform)f(diagnostic)g(functions)g(according)h(to)g(the)g(con)o -(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(lo)q(cation)0 1043 y Fu(E)16 b FD(as)e(sho)o(wn.)p -0 1623 1495 2 v -1 1622 2 187 v 0 1436 1495 2 v 1494 1622 2 -187 v 248 1635 2 13 v 497 1635 V 746 1635 V 995 1635 V 1244 -1635 V 25 1652 a Fp(18)p 82 1622 2 187 v -34 w(18)p -1 1622 -V 49 w(19)p 165 1622 V -34 w(19)p 82 1622 V 49 w(20)p 248 1622 -V -34 w(20)p 165 1622 V 49 w(21)p 331 1622 V -34 w(21)p 248 -1622 V 49 w(22)p 414 1622 V -34 w(22)p 331 1622 V 339 1507 -a Fd(W)n(rite)343 1534 y(Ev)o(en)335 1560 y(P)o(arit)o(y)440 -1652 y Fp(23)p 497 1518 2 84 v -34 w(23)p 414 1518 V 427 1470 -a Fd(T)n(urn)437 1497 y(Off)523 1652 y Fp(24)p 580 1518 V -34 -w(24)p 497 1518 V 510 1471 a Fd(T)n(urn)521 1497 y(On)523 1652 -y Fp(24)p 580 1601 V -117 w(23)p 414 1601 V 462 1550 a Fd(Sp)q(eed)448 -1580 y(Margins)523 1652 y Fp(24)p 580 1622 2 21 v -34 w(24)p -497 1622 V 49 w(25)p 663 1622 2 187 v -34 w(25)p 580 1622 V -49 w(26)p 746 1622 V -34 w(26)p 663 1622 V 49 w(27)p 829 1622 -V -34 w(27)p 746 1622 V 49 w(28)p 912 1622 V -34 w(28)p 829 -1622 V 49 w(29)p 995 1622 V -34 w(29)p 912 1622 V 49 w(30)p -1078 1622 2 21 v -34 w(30)p 995 1622 V 49 w(31)p 1161 1622 -V -117 w(30)p 995 1622 V 132 w(32)p 1244 1622 V -200 w(30)p -995 1622 V 215 w(33)p 1328 1622 V -283 w(30)p 995 1622 V 298 -w(34)p 1411 1622 V -366 w(30)p 995 1622 V 381 w(35)p 1494 1622 -V -449 w(30)p 995 1622 V 381 w(35)p 1494 1622 2 187 v -449 -w(30)p 995 1622 V 1141 1537 a Fn(Margin)c(V)m(alue)p 0 1353 -1495 2 v -1 1352 2 187 v 0 1166 1495 2 v 1494 1352 2 187 v -248 1365 2 13 v 497 1365 V 746 1365 V 995 1365 V 1244 1365 -V 33 1382 a Fp(0)p 82 1352 2 187 v -17 w(0)p -1 1352 V 66 w(1)p -165 1352 V -17 w(1)p 82 1352 V 66 w(2)p 248 1352 V -17 w(2)p -165 1352 V 66 w(3)p 331 1352 V -17 w(3)p 248 1352 V 66 w(4)p -414 1352 V -17 w(4)p 331 1352 V 66 w(5)p 497 1352 V -17 w(5)p -414 1352 V 66 w(6)p 580 1352 V -17 w(6)p 497 1352 V 66 w(7)p -663 1249 2 84 v -17 w(7)p 580 1249 V 593 1201 a Fd(T)n(urn)603 -1228 y(Off)697 1382 y Fp(8)p 746 1249 V -17 w(8)p 663 1249 -V 676 1201 a Fd(T)n(urn)687 1227 y(On)697 1382 y Fp(8)p 746 -1332 V -100 w(7)p 580 1332 V 618 1280 a Fd(V)n(oltage)614 1311 -y(Margins)697 1382 y Fp(8)p 746 1352 2 21 v -17 w(8)p 663 1352 -V 66 w(9)p 829 1352 2 187 v -17 w(9)p 746 1352 V 58 w(10)p -912 1352 V -34 w(10)p 829 1352 V 49 w(11)p 995 1352 V -34 w(11)p -912 1352 V 49 w(12)p 1078 1352 V -34 w(12)p 995 1352 V 49 w(13)p -1161 1352 2 21 v -34 w(13)p 1078 1352 V 49 w(14)p 1244 1352 -V -34 w(14)p 1161 1352 V 49 w(15)p 1328 1352 V -34 w(15)p 1244 -1352 V 49 w(16)p 1411 1352 V -34 w(16)p 1328 1352 V 49 w(17)p -1494 1352 V -34 w(17)p 1411 1352 V -34 w(17)p 1494 1352 2 187 -v -366 w(13)p 1078 1352 V 1164 1267 a Fn(Margin)h(Address)0 -1811 y FD(The)j(margin)e(v)n(alue)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(b)o(y)d(bits)h(30{35)f -(of)g(the)i(output)f(w)o(ord)f(is)h(translated)h(to)e(a)h(v)o(oltage)f(in)g -(the)i(range)0 1861 y(0{10)10 b(v)o(olts)h(b)o(y)g(a)f(D{A)h(con)o(v)o -(erter,)i(whose)e(output)h(is)f(a)o(v)n(ailable)d(at)j(pin)g(2S02V2.)16 -b(Running)11 b(margins)e(requires)j(a)0 1911 y(slo)o(wdo)o(wn)d(capacitor)i -(in)e(the)i(con)o(v)o(erter.)18 b(But)11 b(turning)f(o\013)g(the)h(margin)d -(enable)i(switc)o(h)g(cuts)i(out)e(the)g(capacitor,)0 1961 -y(making)f(the)j(con)o(v)o(erter)h(output)f(suitable)g(for)f(external)h(use,) -g(suc)o(h)h(as)e(for)h(op)q(erating)f(audio)g(equipmen)o(t)f(to)i(pla)o(y)0 -2011 y(Bac)o(h)i(or)g(ro)q(c)o(k)g(or)g(Bac)o(harac)o(h.)0 -2096 y Fy(Notes)p FD(.)36 b(This)20 b(instruction)g(is)g(primarily)d(for)j -(main)o(tenance,)g(for)g(whic)o(h)f(further)i(information)c(is)j(giv)o(en)f -(in)0 2146 y(Chapter)c(10)e(of)g(the)i Fy(KI10)g(Maintenanc)n(e)h(Manual)t -FD(.)0 2298 y Fz(4.3.4)55 b(KI10)19 b(Program)e(and)j(Memory)c(Managemen)n(t) -0 2410 y FD(General)j(information)d(ab)q(out)j(the)h(mac)o(hine)e(mo)q(des)g -(and)h(paging)f(pro)q(cedures)k(is)d(giv)o(en)f(in)h(Chapter)h(1,)f(in)0 -2460 y(particular)g(in)g FB(x)q FD(1.4.)33 b(Here)21 b(w)o(e)f(are)g -(concerned)h(principally)d(with)h(the)h(sp)q(ecial)g(instructions)g(the)g -(Monitor)0 2510 y(uses)e(to)f(op)q(erate)g(the)h(system,)e(the)i(sp)q(ecial)f -(e\013ects)h(that)f(ordinary)f(instructions)i(ha)o(v)o(e)e(in)h(executiv)o(e) -g(mo)q(de,)0 2560 y(and)e(certain)h(hardw)o(are)g(pro)q(cedures,)h(in)e -(particular)g(paging)f(and)i(page)f(failures,)g(that)g(are)h(necessary)h(for) -e(an)0 2610 y(understanding)f(of)g(executiv)o(e)h(programmi)o(ng.)p -eop -%%Page: 461 121 -461 120 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(461)150 195 y Fz(P)n(aging)150 281 y FD(All)17 -b(of)g(memory)f(b)q(oth)i(virtual)f(and)g(ph)o(ysical)h(is)f(divided)h(in)o -(to)f(pages)h(of)g(512)f(w)o(ords)1565 266 y Fp(73)1618 281 -y FD(eac)o(h.)30 b(The)19 b(virtual)150 330 y(memory)11 b(space)j -(addressable)h(b)o(y)e(a)g(program)f(is)h(512)g(pages;)g(the)h(lo)q(cations)f -(in)g(virtual)g(memory)e(are)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)150 380 y(b)o(y)f(18{bit)f -(addresses,)j(where)f(the)g(left)f(nine)g(bits)g(sp)q(ecify)h(the)g(page)f(n) -o(um)o(b)q(er)f(and)h(the)h(righ)o(t)f(nine)g(the)h(lo)q(cation)150 -430 y(within)g(the)h(page.)j(Ph)o(ysical)c(memory)e(can)j(con)o(tain)f(8192)f -(pages)i(and)f(requires)h(22{bit)f(addresses,)i(where)f(the)150 -480 y(left)e(thirteen)i(bits)f(sp)q(ecify)g(the)g(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)k -(The)c(hardw)o(are)g(maps)e(the)i(virtual)f(address)i(space)g(in)o(to)d(a)i -(part)150 530 y(of)j(the)i(ph)o(ysical)e(address)i(space)g(b)o(y)f -(transforming)e(the)j(18{bit)e(addresses)j(in)o(to)d(22{bit)g(addresses.)29 -b(In)17 b(this)150 580 y(mapping)11 b(the)i(righ)o(t)f(nine)h(bits)g(of)f -(the)h(virtual)f(address)i(are)f(not)g(altered;)g(in)g(other)g(w)o(ords)g(a)f -(giv)o(en)h(lo)q(cation)e(in)150 629 y(a)j(virtual)f(page)h(is)g(the)g(same)f -(lo)q(cation)g(in)h(the)g(corresp)q(onding)h(ph)o(ysical)f(page.)k(The)c -(transformation)f(maps)f(a)150 679 y(virtual)f(page)i(in)o(to)e(a)h(ph)o -(ysical)g(page)g(b)o(y)g(substituting)g(a)g(13{bit)f(ph)o(ysical)h(page)g(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)g(for)g(the)g(9{bit)g(virtual)150 729 y(page)j(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.) -21 b(The)15 b(mapping)e(pro)q(cedure)k(is)e(carried)h(out)f(automatically)c -(b)o(y)k(the)h(hardw)o(are,)f(but)g(the)h(page)150 779 y(map)d(that)h -(supplies)g(the)h(necessary)h(substitutions)f(is)f(set)h(up)f(b)o(y)g(the)h -(k)o(ernel)g(mo)q(de)e(program.)k(Eac)o(h)d(w)o(ord)g(in)150 -829 y(the)g(map)d(pro)o(vides)j(information)c(for)i(mapping)f(t)o(w)o(o)i -(consecutiv)o(e)i(pages)e(with)g(the)g(substitution)h(for)f(the)g(ev)o(en)150 -878 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)h(page)g(in)f(the)h(left)g(half,)f(the)h(o)q(dd)g(n)o -(um)o(b)q(ered)g(page)f(in)h(the)g(righ)o(t)g(half.)150 964 -y(The)e(pager)h(con)o(tains)f(t)o(w)o(o)f(13{bit)g(registers)i(that)f(the)h -(Monitor)f(loads)f(to)h(sp)q(ecify)g(the)h(ph)o(ysical)e(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q -(ers)150 1014 y(of)g(the)h(user)h(and)e(executiv)o(e)i(pro)q(cess)g(tables.)k -(T)m(o)12 b(retriev)o(e)h(a)g(map)e(w)o(ord)h(from)f(a)h(pro)q(cess)i(table,) -e(the)i(hardw)o(are)150 1064 y(uses)k(the)f(appropriate)g(base)g(page)g(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)f(as)h(the)g(left)g(thirteen)h(bits)f(of)f(the)h(ph)o(ysical)f -(address)i(and)f(some)150 1113 y(function)c(of)g(the)h(virtual)f(page)g(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)g(as)g(the)h(righ)o(t)f(nine)h(bits.)k(F)m(or)13 -b(example)f(the)i(en)o(tire)g(user)g(space)h(of)e(512)150 1163 -y(virtual)f(pages)h(at)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(mappings)f(p)q(er)j(w)o(ord)f(requires)h -(a)e(page)h(map)e(of)h(just)i(half)d(a)i(page,)f(and)h(this)g(is)g(the)g -(\014rst)150 1213 y(half)h(page)g(in)g(the)i(user)f(pro)q(cess)i(table.)j(Th) -o(us)15 b(lo)q(cations)f(0{377)f(in)i(the)g(table)f(hold)g(the)i(mappings)c -(for)j(pages)150 1263 y(0)g(and)h(1)f(to)g(776)g(and)h(777.)22 -b(T)m(o)15 b(\014nd)h(the)g(desired)h(substitution)e(from)f(the)i(9{bit)f -(virtual)g(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)e(the)150 1313 y(hardw)o(are)g(uses)h(the) -g(left)f(eigh)o(t)f(bits)h(to)g(address)h(the)g(lo)q(cation)e(and)g(the)i -(righ)o(t)e(bit)h(to)g(select)h(the)f(half)f(w)o(ord)h(\(0)150 -1362 y(for)d(left,)g(1)g(for)h(righ)o(t\).)k(If)c(the)g(Monitor)e(sp)q -(eci\014es)k(a)d(program)f(as)h(b)q(eing)h(a)f(small)e(user,)k(that)e -(program)f(is)h(limited)150 1412 y(to)k(t)o(w)o(o)f(16K)h(blo)q(c)o(ks)g -(with)f(addresses)j(0{37777)c(and)i(400000{37777.)j(This)d(is)f(pages)h(0{37) -f(and)h(400{37,)e(and)150 1462 y(the)h(mappings)f(are)h(in)f(lo)q(cations)h -(0{17)e(and)i(200{217)e(in)i(the)g(page)g(map.)150 1548 y(The)f(executiv)o(e) -i(virtual)d(address)i(space)g(is)f(also)f(256K)h(but)g(the)h(\014rst)f(112K)g -(are)g(not)g(paged)g(|)g(in)f(other)i(w)o(ords)150 1597 y(an)o(y)f(address)h -(under)g(340000)d(giv)o(en)i(in)f(k)o(ernel)i(mo)q(de)e(addresses)j(one)e(of) -f(the)i(\014rst)g(112K)e(lo)q(cations)h(in)f(ph)o(ysical)150 -1647 y(memory)j(directly)m(.)27 b(The)17 b(other)h(144K)e(is)h(paged)g(for)g -(sup)q(ervisor)h(or)f(k)o(ernel)g(mo)q(de)f(an)o(ywhere)i(in)o(to)e(ph)o -(ysical)150 1697 y(memory)m(.)24 b(F)m(or)17 b(this)g(there)h(are)g(t)o(w)o -(o)e(maps.)26 b(The)18 b(map)d(for)i(the)g(second)i(half)d(of)g(the)h -(virtual)g(address)h(space)150 1747 y(uses)e(the)g(same)e(lo)q(cations)g(in)h -(the)h(executiv)o(e)g(pro)q(cess)g(table)f(as)g(are)h(used)g(in)e(the)i(user) -g(pro)q(cess)h(table)e(for)f(the)150 1797 y(user)j(map)d(\(lo)q(cations)h -(200{377)f(for)i(pages)g(400{777\).)22 b(The)16 b(map)f(for)g(the)h -(remaining)e(16K)i(in)f(the)h(\014rst)h(half)150 1847 y(of)d(the)i(executiv)o -(e)g(virtual)e(address)i(space)g(is)e(in)h(the)g(user)h(pro)q(cess)h(table,)e -(the)g(mappings)e(for)i(pages)g(340{377)150 1896 y(b)q(eing)f(in)g(lo)q -(cations)f(400{17.)k(Th)o(us)d(the)h(Monitor)f(can)g(assign)g(a)f(di\013eren) -o(t)i(set)g(of)f(thirt)o(y{t)o(w)o(o)f(ph)o(ysical)h(pages)150 -1946 y(\(the)h(p)q(er{pro)q(cess)i(area\))d(for)g(its)g(o)o(wn)g(use)h -(relativ)o(e)f(to)g(eac)o(h)h(user.)20 b(Then)15 b(when)g(switc)o(hing)f -(from)e(one)j(user)g(to)150 1996 y(another,)i(the)g(Monitor)f(need)i(c)o -(hange)f(only)e(the)j(user)f(pro)q(cess)i(table.)25 b(This)17 -b(single)f(substitution)h(can)f(mak)o(e)150 2046 y(whatev)o(er)f(c)o(hange)f -(is)g(necessary)i(in)d(the)h(executiv)o(e)i(address)f(space)g(for)e(a)h -(particular)f(user.)150 2131 y(Figure)h(4.11)g(and)g(Figure)g(4.12)f(sho)o(w) -h(the)h(organization)e(of)h(the)h(virtual)f(address)h(spaces,)h(the)f(pro)q -(cess)h(tables)150 2181 y(and)k(the)i(mappings)c(for)j(b)q(oth)f(user)i(and)e -(executiv)o(e.)40 b(The)21 b(\014rst)g(illustration)e(giv)o(es)i(the)g -(corresp)q(ondence)150 2231 y(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)14 b(the)g(v)n(arious)e(parts) -i(of)e(eac)o(h)h(address)i(space)f(and)e(the)i(corresp)q(onding)g(parts)f(of) -f(the)i(page)f(map)e(for)i(it.)150 2281 y(The)g(second)g(illustration)d -(lists)i(the)h(detailed)f(con\014guration)g(of)f(the)i(pro)q(cess)h(tables.)k -(An)o(y)12 b(table)f(lo)q(cations)h(not)150 2331 y(used)i(b)o(y)g(the)g -(hardw)o(are)f(can)h(b)q(e)g(used)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(Monitor)e(for)i(soft)o(w)o -(are)f(functions.)18 b(Note)c(that)f(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(in)150 -2380 y(the)i(half)f(lo)q(cations)h(in)f(the)h(page)g(map)e(are)j(the)f -(virtual)f(pages)h(for)g(whic)o(h)f(the)i(half)e(w)o(ords)h(giv)o(e)f(the)h -(ph)o(ysical)150 2430 y(substitutions.)33 b(Hence)20 b(lo)q(cation)d(217)h -(in)g(the)h(user)h(page)e(map)f(con)o(tains)i(the)g(ph)o(ysical)f(page)g(n)o -(um)o(b)q(ers)g(for)p 150 2465 720 2 v 181 2492 a Fo(73)214 -2503 y Fn(Actually)9 b(page)h(0)h(has)g(only)f(496)g(lo)q(cations)f(using)h -(a)h(addresses)e(20{777,)h(as)h(addresses)e(0{17)h(reference)e(fast)j(memory) -m(,)e(whic)o(h)150 2543 y(is)14 b(unrestricte)o(d)d(and)i(a)o(v)n(ailable)e -(to)i(all)g(programs.)19 b(\(In)13 b(general)f(a)h(user)g(cannot)f(reference) -f(the)i(\014rst)g(sixteen)f(core)g(lo)q(cations)g(in)150 2582 -y(his)g(virtual)e(page)h(0.\))17 b(Throughout)9 b(this)j(discussion)e(it)i -(is)g(assumed)e(that)h(all)g(references)f(are)i(to)f(core)g(and)h(are)f(not)g -(made)g(b)o(y)h(an)150 2622 y(instruction)d(executed)g(b)o(y)i(a)g(PX)o(CT)i -(\(see)e(b)q(elo)o(w\).)p eop -%%Page: 462 122 -462 121 bop 0 50 a FD(462)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(virtual)f(pages)h(436)f(and)h(437.)0 -281 y(Although)g(the)h(virtual)f(space)h(is)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(256K)g(b)o(y)g -(virtue)h(of)f(the)h(addressing)g(capabilit)o(y)e(of)h(the)h(instruction)0 -330 y(format,)h(the)i(Monitor)f(usually)g(limits)e(the)j(actual)f(space)h -(for)f(a)g(giv)o(en)g(program)f(b)o(y)h(de\014ning)h(only)e(certain)0 -380 y(pages)d(as)h(accessible.)347 365 y Fp(74)401 380 y FD(The)f(Monitor)g -(also)g(sp)q(eci\014es)h(whether)h(eac)o(h)f(page)f(is)g(public)f(or)h(not)g -(and)g(writable)g(or)0 430 y(not.)k(Eac)o(h)c(w)o(ord)g(in)f(the)h(page)f -(map)f(has)i(this)g(format)d(to)j(supply)f(the)h(necessary)i(information)10 -b(for)i(t)o(w)o(o)g(virtual)0 480 y(pages.)p 0 778 1495 2 v --1 777 2 150 v 0 628 1495 2 v 1494 777 2 150 v 124 789 2 13 -v 248 789 V 373 789 V 497 789 V 622 789 V 746 798 2 21 v 871 -789 2 13 v 995 789 V 1120 789 V 1244 789 V 1369 789 V 12 807 -a Fp(0)p 41 777 2 150 v -17 w(0)p -1 777 V 1 716 a Fy(A)54 -807 y Fp(1)p 82 777 V -17 w(1)p 41 777 V 44 716 a Fy(P)96 807 -y Fp(2)p 124 777 V -17 w(2)p 82 777 V 79 716 a Fy(W)137 807 -y Fp(3)p 165 777 V -17 w(3)p 124 777 V 129 716 a Fy(S)179 807 -y Fp(4)p 207 777 V -17 w(4)p 165 777 V 167 716 a Fy(X)710 807 -y Fp(17)p 746 777 V -524 w(5)p 207 777 V 348 688 a Fy(Physic)n(al)j(Page)299 -737 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(Bits)f(14{26)751 807 y Fp(18)p 788 777 -V -34 w(18)p 746 777 V 748 716 a Fy(A)793 807 y Fp(19)p 829 -777 V -34 w(19)p 788 777 V 791 716 a Fy(P)834 807 y Fp(20)p -871 777 V -34 w(20)p 829 777 V 826 716 a Fy(W)876 807 y Fp(21)p -912 777 V -34 w(21)p 871 777 V 877 716 a Fy(S)917 807 y Fp(22)p -954 777 V -34 w(22)p 912 777 V 914 716 a Fy(X)1457 807 y Fp(35)p -1494 777 V -532 w(23)p 954 777 V 1095 688 a Fy(Physic)n(al)h(Page)1046 -737 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(Bits)f(14{26)122 605 y FD(Data)g(for)f(Ev)o(en)h -(Virtual)g(P)o(age)251 b(Data)13 b(for)g(Odd)i(Virtual)e(P)o(age)0 -966 y(Bits)f(5{17)e(and)h(23{35)f(con)o(tain)g(the)i(ph)o(ysical)f(page)g(n)o -(um)o(b)q(ers)g(for)g(the)g(ev)o(en)h(and)f(o)q(dd)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)g -(virtual)g(pages)0 1016 y(corresp)q(onding)18 b(to)f(the)h(map)d(lo)q(cation) -i(that)g(holds)g(the)h(w)o(ord.)27 b(The)18 b(prop)q(erties)g(represen)o(ted) -i(b)o(y)d(1s)h(in)e(the)0 1066 y(remaining)c(bits)i(are)g(as)g(follo)o(ws.) -438 1149 y Fy(Bit)50 b(Me)n(aning)16 b(of)e(a)h(1)g(in)g(the)g(Bit)438 -1234 y Fu(A)75 b FD(Access)16 b(allo)o(w)o(ed)438 1284 y Fu(P)79 -b FD(Public)438 1334 y Fu(W)67 b FD(W)m(ritable)13 b(\(not)g -(write{protected\))438 1384 y Fu(S)81 b FD(Soft)o(w)o(are)13 -b(\(not)h(in)o(terpreted)i(b)o(y)e(the)g(hardw)o(are\))438 -1434 y Fu(X)72 b FD(Reserv)o(ed)15 b(for)f(future)g(use)h(b)o(y)e(DEC)h(\(do) -g(not)g(use\))0 1517 y FA(Asso)q(ciativ)o(e)h(Memory)l(.)22 -b FD(If)15 b(the)h(complete)e(mapping)f(pro)q(cedure)k(describ)q(ed)f(ab)q(o) -o(v)o(e)f(w)o(ere)h(actually)e(carried)0 1567 y(out)f(in)g(ev)o(ery)h -(instance,)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(w)o(ould)d(require)i(t)o(w)o(o)f(memory)d -(references)16 b(for)d(ev)o(ery)h(reference)h(b)o(y)e(the)0 -1617 y(program.)28 b(T)m(o)17 b(a)o(v)o(oid)f(this)i(the)g(pager)g(con)o -(tains)g(a)f(32{w)o(ord)g(asso)q(ciativ)o(e)h(memory)m(,)d(in)j(whic)o(h)f -(it)h(k)o(eeps)g(the)0 1667 y(more)13 b(recen)o(tly)h(used)h(mappings)c(for)i -(b)q(oth)h(the)g(executiv)o(e)h(and)e(the)h(curren)o(t)h(user)g(Eac)o(h)f(w)o -(ord)f(is)h(divided)f(in)o(to)0 1716 y(t)o(w)o(o)i(parts)h(with)f(one)h(part) -f(con)o(taining)g(a)g(virtual)g(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o -(y)e(the)h(program)e(and)h(the)h(other)0 1766 y(con)o(taining)f(the)h -(corresp)q(onding)h(ph)o(ysical)e(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(as)h(determined)g -(from)e(the)i(page)g(map.)22 b(Hence)17 b(the)0 1816 y(asso)q(ciativ)o(e)f -(memory)d(is)j(a)f(page)h(table)g(made)e(up)i(of)f(a)h(list)f(of)g(virtual)g -(pages)h(and)g(a)f(list)h(of)f(ph)o(ysical)g(pages,)0 1866 -y(eac)o(h)e(with)g(thirt)o(y{t)o(w)o(o)f(corresp)q(onding)h(lo)q(cations.)18 -b(In)12 b(the)i(virtual)e(list,)g(eac)o(h)h(en)o(try)h(con)o(tains)e(a)h -(9{bit)f(virtual)0 1916 y(page)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(a)h(single)g(bit)f(that)i -(indicates)f(whether)h(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(page)f(is)g(in)g(the)g(user)i -(or)e(executiv)o(e)h(address)0 1966 y(space,)h(and)g(a)f(bit)g(that)g -(indicates)h(whether)h(the)f(en)o(try)g(is)g(v)n(alid)d(or)j(not)f(\(it)g(is) -h(not)f(suitable)h(to)f(clear)h(a)f(lo)q(cation)0 2015 y(as)18 -b(0)g(is)g(a)g(p)q(erfectly)h(v)n(alid)d(page)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er\).)30 -b(Eac)o(h)18 b(corresp)q(onding)h(en)o(try)g(in)f(the)g(ph)o(ysical)g(list)f -(con)o(tains)h(a)0 2065 y(13{bit)c(ph)o(ysical)g(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(and)g(the)g(P)m(,)g(W)f(and)h(S)g(bits)g(from)e(the)j(map)d(half)h(w)o(ord)h -(for)g(that)g(page.)22 b(The)0 2115 y(A)13 b(bit)g(is)g(not)g(needed)h(in)f -(the)h(table)f(as)g(the)h(mapping)d(is)h(not)h(en)o(tered)i(in)o(to)e(the)g -(table)g(at)g(all)f(if)g(the)i(page)f(is)g(not)0 2165 y(accessible.)24 -b(The)16 b(program)e(can)h(insp)q(ect)i(the)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)h -(page)f(table)g(b)o(y)h(using)f(the)h(MAP)g(instruction)0 2215 -y(and)e(I/O)g(instructions)g(that)g(address)h(the)g(paging)e(hardw)o(are)h -(\(see)h(b)q(elo)o(w\).)0 2300 y(A)o(t)c(eac)o(h)g(reference)i(the)e(hardw)o -(are)g(compares)g(the)g(page)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(supplied)h(b)o(y)f(the)h -(program)e(with)i(those)g(in)f(the)0 2350 y(virtual)f(part)h(of)f(the)i(page) -f(table.)16 b(If)10 b(there)h(is)f(a)f(matc)o(h)g(for)h(the)g(appropriate)g -(address)h(space,)h(the)e(corresp)q(onding)0 2400 y(en)o(try)k(in)g(the)g(ph) -o(ysical)f(list)h(is)f(used)i(as)f(the)g(left)g(thirteen)h(bits)f(in)f(the)h -(ph)o(ysical)g(address)h(\(pro)o(vided)e(of)h(course)p 0 2432 -720 2 v 31 2459 a Fo(74)64 2471 y Fn(There)f(is)h(no)f(requiremen)o(t)e(that) -h(the)i(accessible)d(space)i(b)q(e)g(con)o(tin)o(uous)e(|)k(it)e(can)g(b)q(e) -h(scattered)d(pages.)21 b(The)14 b(con)o(v)o(en)o(tion)0 2510 -y(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)g(is)h(for)f(the)g(accessible)f(space)h(to)h(b)q(e)f(in)h -(t)o(w)o(o)g(con)o(tin)o(uous)d(virtual)h(areas,)i(lo)o(w)g(and)f(high,)h(b)q -(eginning)d(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)g(at)0 2550 y(lo)q(cations)d(0)i(and)g -(400000.)i(The)f(lo)o(w)f(part)f(is)i(generally)d(unique)g(to)i(a)h(giv)o(en) -e(user)g(and)h(can)f(b)q(e)h(used)f(in)i(an)o(y)e(w)o(a)o(y)h(he)g(wishes.)k -(The)0 2589 y(\(p)q(erhaps)c(n)o(ull\))h(high)f(part)h(is)h(a)g(reen)o(tran)o -(t)e(area,)h(whic)o(h)g(is)h(shared)f(b)o(y)g(sev)o(eral)f(users)i(and)f(is)h -(therefore)d(write{protected)o(.)17 b(The)0 2629 y(small)10 -b(user)h(con\014guratio)o(n)e(is)i(consisten)o(t)e(with)j(this)e(arrangemen)o -(t.)p eop -%%Page: 463 123 -463 122 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(463)244 160 y Fz(Figure)18 b(4.11:)24 b(Virtual)18 -b(Address)h(Space)f(and)i(P)n(age)f(Map)g(La)n(y)n(out)g(\(KI10\))1627 -2617 y Fq(HRMF-KIV)m(AS.TEX)p 108 2627 291 2 v 108 2626 2 2076 -v 108 551 291 2 v 398 2626 2 2076 v -2 2623 a Fp(777777)217 -606 y FD(16K)p 108 634 291 2 v 207 1125 a(112K)p 108 1589 V -217 1644 a(16K)p 108 1672 V 207 2163 a(112K)81 568 y Fp(0)15 -651 y(40000)-2 1606 y(400000)-2 1689 y(440000)399 1588 y Fl(\034)432 -1547 y(\034)465 1505 y(\034)499 1464 y(\034)532 1422 y(\034)565 -1381 y(\034)573 1370 y(\034)399 1671 y(\034)432 1630 y(\034)465 -1588 y(\034)499 1547 y(\034)532 1505 y(\034)565 1464 y(\034)573 -1453 y(\034)205 395 y FA(User)189 437 y FD(Virtual)181 478 -y(Address)202 519 y(Space)p 607 2108 V 606 2107 2 1038 v 607 -1070 291 2 v 896 2107 2 1038 v 703 960 a FA(User)684 1000 y -FD(Pro)q(cess)702 1042 y(T)m(able)p 607 1589 291 2 v 636 1621 -a Fn(Executiv)o(e)9 b(Map)670 1661 y(340)h(|)i(377)p 607 1672 -V 920 1639 a Fp(16)p 607 1755 V 633 1721 a Fn(T)m(rap)g(&)g(MUUO)920 -1722 y Fp(16)920 1940 y(224)856 2107 y Fl(\000)-84 b(\000)856 -2066 y(\000)773 2107 y(\000)814 2066 y(\000)856 2024 y(\000)731 -2107 y(\000)773 2066 y(\000)814 2024 y(\000)856 1983 y(\000)690 -2107 y(\000)731 2066 y(\000)773 2024 y(\000)814 1983 y(\000)856 -1941 y(\000)648 2107 y(\000)690 2066 y(\000)731 2024 y(\000)773 -1983 y(\000)814 1941 y(\000)856 1900 y(\000)607 2107 y(\000)648 -2066 y(\000)690 2024 y(\000)731 1983 y(\000)773 1941 y(\000)814 -1900 y(\000)856 1858 y(\000)607 2066 y(\000)648 2024 y(\000)690 -1983 y(\000)731 1941 y(\000)773 1900 y(\000)814 1858 y(\000)856 -1817 y(\000)607 2024 y(\000)648 1983 y(\000)690 1941 y(\000)731 -1900 y(\000)773 1858 y(\000)814 1817 y(\000)835 1796 y(\000)607 -1983 y(\000)648 1941 y(\000)690 1900 y(\000)731 1858 y(\000)773 -1817 y(\000)793 1796 y(\000)607 1941 y(\000)648 1900 y(\000)690 -1858 y(\000)731 1817 y(\000)752 1796 y(\000)607 1900 y(\000)648 -1858 y(\000)690 1817 y(\000)710 1796 y(\000)607 1858 y(\000)648 -1817 y(\000)669 1796 y(\000)607 1817 y(\000)627 1796 y(\000)399 -2626 y(\004)407 2585 y(\004)416 2543 y(\004)424 2502 y(\004)432 -2460 y(\004)441 2418 y(\004)449 2377 y(\004)457 2335 y(\004)465 -2294 y(\004)474 2252 y(\004)482 2211 y(\004)490 2169 y(\004)499 -2128 y(\004)507 2086 y(\004)515 2045 y(\004)524 2003 y(\004)532 -1962 y(\004)540 1920 y(\004)549 1879 y(\004)557 1837 y(\004)565 -1796 y(\004)573 1754 y(\004)582 1713 y(\004)590 1671 y(\004)598 -1630 y(\004)-8 b(\004)399 592 y(L)416 634 y(L)432 675 y(L)449 -717 y(L)465 758 y(L)482 800 y(L)499 841 y(L)515 883 y(L)532 -924 y(L)549 966 y(L)565 1007 y(L)582 1049 y(L)590 1069 y(L)399 -675 y(L)416 717 y(L)432 758 y(L)449 800 y(L)465 841 y(L)482 -883 y(L)499 924 y(L)515 966 y(L)532 1007 y(L)549 1049 y(L)565 -1090 y(L)582 1132 y(L)590 1152 y(L)668 1105 y Fn(Small)10 b(User)696 -1139 y(0)h(|)h(37)920 1120 y Fp(16)p 607 1153 V 920 1250 a(112)678 -1251 y Fn(40)f(|)h(377)p 607 1330 V 668 1365 a(Small)e(User)670 -1399 y(400)g(|)i(437)920 1380 y Fp(16)p 607 1413 V 670 1511 -a Fn(440)e(|)i(777)920 1509 y Fp(112)897 1588 y Fl(!)939 1572 -y(!)980 1555 y(!)1022 1538 y(!)1063 1522 y(!)897 1671 y(!)939 -1655 y(!)980 1638 y(!)1022 1621 y(!)1063 1605 y(!)569 2364 -y Fy(Se)n(ction)k(R)n(efer)n(enc)n(es)569 2414 y FD(T)m(rap)129 -b FB(x)q FD(2.9.6)569 2464 y(MUUO)84 b FB(x)q FD(2.16)569 2514 -y(In)o(terrupt)51 b FB(x)q FD(4.2.1)p 1105 2627 V 1104 2626 -2 2076 v 1105 551 291 2 v 1394 2626 2 2076 v 994 2623 a Fp(777777)1077 -568 y(0)994 1581 y(400000)994 1498 y(340000)1148 395 y FA(Executiv)o(e)1185 -437 y FD(Virtual)1178 478 y(Address)1198 519 y(Space)p 1603 -2108 291 2 v 1602 2107 2 1038 v 1603 1070 291 2 v 1893 2107 -2 1038 v 1646 960 a FA(Executiv)o(e)1680 1001 y FD(Pro)q(cess)1698 -1042 y(T)m(able)1917 1122 y Fn(32)p 1603 1153 291 2 v 1852 -1152 a Fl(\000)-84 b(\000)1852 1111 y(\000)1769 1152 y(\000)1810 -1111 y(\000)1727 1152 y(\000)1769 1111 y(\000)1686 1152 y(\000)1727 -1111 y(\000)1644 1152 y(\000)1686 1111 y(\000)1603 1152 y(\000)1644 -1111 y(\000)h(\000)1678 1183 y Fn(In)o(terrupt)1917 1184 y(16)p -1603 1195 V 1917 1272 a(80)p 1603 1330 V 1852 1327 a Fl(\000)f(\000)1852 -1285 y(\000)1769 1327 y(\000)1810 1285 y(\000)1852 1244 y(\000)1727 -1327 y(\000)1769 1285 y(\000)1810 1244 y(\000)1819 1235 y(\000)1686 -1327 y(\000)1727 1285 y(\000)1769 1244 y(\000)1777 1235 y(\000)1644 -1327 y(\000)1686 1285 y(\000)1727 1244 y(\000)1736 1235 y(\000)1603 -1327 y(\000)1644 1285 y(\000)1686 1244 y(\000)1694 1235 y(\000)1603 -1285 y(\000)1644 1244 y(\000)1653 1235 y(\000)1603 1244 y(\000)1611 -1235 y(\000)1666 1469 y Fn(400)11 b(|)h(777)85 b(128)p 1603 -1589 V 1395 1588 a Fl(\034)1429 1547 y(\034)1462 1505 y(\034)1495 -1464 y(\034)1528 1422 y(\034)1561 1381 y(\034)1570 1370 y(\034)1395 -2626 y(\004)1404 2585 y(\004)1412 2543 y(\004)1420 2502 y(\004)1429 -2460 y(\004)1437 2418 y(\004)1445 2377 y(\004)1453 2335 y(\004)1462 -2294 y(\004)1470 2252 y(\004)1478 2211 y(\004)1487 2169 y(\004)1495 -2128 y(\004)1503 2086 y(\004)1512 2045 y(\004)1520 2003 y(\004)1528 -1962 y(\004)1536 1920 y(\004)1545 1879 y(\004)1553 1837 y(\004)1561 -1796 y(\004)1570 1754 y(\004)1578 1713 y(\004)1586 1671 y(\004)1595 -1630 y(\004)-8 b(\004)p 1603 1672 V 1917 1651 a Fn(16)1852 -1671 y Fl(\000)-84 b(\000)1852 1630 y(\000)1769 1671 y(\000)1810 -1630 y(\000)1727 1671 y(\000)1769 1630 y(\000)1686 1671 y(\000)1727 -1630 y(\000)1644 1671 y(\000)1686 1630 y(\000)1603 1671 y(\000)1644 -1630 y(\000)h(\000)1711 1702 y Fn(T)m(rap)1917 1705 y(4)p 1603 -1714 V 1852 2107 a Fl(\000)f(\000)1852 2066 y(\000)1769 2107 -y(\000)1810 2066 y(\000)1852 2024 y(\000)1727 2107 y(\000)1769 -2066 y(\000)1810 2024 y(\000)1852 1983 y(\000)1686 2107 y(\000)1727 -2066 y(\000)1769 2024 y(\000)1810 1983 y(\000)1852 1941 y(\000)1644 -2107 y(\000)1686 2066 y(\000)1727 2024 y(\000)1769 1983 y(\000)1810 -1941 y(\000)1852 1900 y(\000)1603 2107 y(\000)1644 2066 y(\000)1686 -2024 y(\000)1727 1983 y(\000)1769 1941 y(\000)1810 1900 y(\000)1852 -1858 y(\000)1603 2066 y(\000)1644 2024 y(\000)1686 1983 y(\000)1727 -1941 y(\000)1769 1900 y(\000)1810 1858 y(\000)1852 1817 y(\000)1603 -2024 y(\000)1644 1983 y(\000)1686 1941 y(\000)1727 1900 y(\000)1769 -1858 y(\000)1810 1817 y(\000)1852 1775 y(\000)1603 1983 y(\000)1644 -1941 y(\000)1686 1900 y(\000)1727 1858 y(\000)1769 1817 y(\000)1810 -1775 y(\000)1831 1754 y(\000)1603 1941 y(\000)1644 1900 y(\000)1686 -1858 y(\000)1727 1817 y(\000)1769 1775 y(\000)1790 1754 y(\000)1603 -1900 y(\000)1644 1858 y(\000)1686 1817 y(\000)1727 1775 y(\000)1748 -1754 y(\000)1603 1858 y(\000)1644 1817 y(\000)1686 1775 y(\000)1707 -1754 y(\000)1603 1817 y(\000)1644 1775 y(\000)1665 1754 y(\000)1603 -1775 y(\000)1624 1754 y(\000)1917 1921 y Fn(236)p 1105 1589 -V 1105 1506 V 1203 975 a FD(112K)1168 1011 y Fn(Not)12 b(P)o(aged)1143 -1055 y(\(Kernel)f(Mo)q(de)1205 1100 y(Only\))1213 1561 y FD(16K)1203 -2121 y(128K)1624 2408 y(Shaded)j(Areas)1627 2458 y(Are)h(Reserv)o(ed)p -eop -%%Page: 464 124 -464 123 bop 0 50 a FD(464)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)303 181 y Fz(Figure)k(4.12:)24 b(Pro)r(cess)19 -b(T)-5 b(able)18 b(Con\014guration)h(\(KI10\))0 2596 y Fq(HRMF-KIPTC.TEX)p -83 2482 831 2 v 82 2481 2 2159 v 1079 2482 831 2 v 1078 2481 -2 2159 v 83 323 831 2 v 912 2481 2 2159 v 1079 323 831 2 v -1909 2481 2 2159 v 263 281 a Fz(User)f(Pro)r(cess)g(T)-5 b(able)464 -b(Executiv)n(e)16 b(Pro)r(cess)i(T)-5 b(able)18 2471 y Fn(777)943 -b(777)54 354 y(0)978 b(0)p 497 372 2 50 v 95 353 a(User)11 -b(P)o(age)g(0)230 b(User)11 b(P)o(age)g(1)p 497 414 2 21 v -497 455 V 497 580 2 104 v 497 621 2 21 v 497 663 V 497 746 -V 497 787 V 497 912 2 104 v 497 953 2 21 v 497 995 V 497 1119 -2 104 v 497 1161 2 21 v 497 1202 V 497 1285 V 497 1327 V 497 -1451 2 104 v 95 519 a(User)g(P)o(age)g(36)212 b(User)11 b(P)o(age)g(37)p -83 531 831 2 v 95 561 a(User)g(P)o(age)g(40)212 b(User)11 b(P)o(age)g(41)36 -520 y(17)36 561 y(20)227 707 y(Av)n(ailable)f(to)h(Soft)o(w)o(are)f(if)h -(Small)f(User)95 851 y(User)h(P)o(age)g(376)194 b(User)11 b(P)o(age)g(377)95 -893 y(User)g(P)o(age)g(400)194 b(User)11 b(P)o(age)g(401)18 -852 y(177)p 83 863 V 18 893 a(200)95 1059 y(User)g(P)o(age)g(436)194 -b(User)11 b(P)o(age)g(437)p 83 1070 V 95 1100 a(User)g(P)o(age)g(440)194 -b(User)11 b(P)o(age)g(441)18 1059 y(217)18 1101 y(220)227 1247 -y(Av)n(ailable)f(to)h(Soft)o(w)o(are)f(if)h(Small)f(User)95 -1389 y(User)h(P)o(age)g(776)194 b(User)11 b(P)o(age)g(777)18 -1391 y(377)p 83 1402 V 18 1433 a(400)p 497 1451 2 50 v 95 1432 -a(Executiv)o(e)e(P)o(age)i(340)113 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(P)o(age)i(341)p -497 1493 2 21 v 497 1534 V 497 1609 2 54 v 83 1610 831 2 v -18 1599 a(417)95 1596 y(Executiv)o(e)e(P)o(age)i(376)113 b(Executiv)o(e)9 -b(P)o(age)i(377)p 83 1651 V 18 1640 a(420)23 b(User)11 b(P)o(age)g(F)m -(ailure)f(T)m(rap)h(Instruction)p 83 1693 V 18 1682 a(421)23 -b(User)11 b(Arithmetic)f(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(T)m(rap)g(Instruction)p -83 1734 V 18 1724 a(422)95 1723 y(User)g(Pushdo)o(wn)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(T)m -(rap)g(Instruction)p 83 1776 V 18 1765 a(423)23 b(User)11 b(T)m(rap)h(3)f(T)m -(rap)g(Instruction)p 83 1817 V 18 1807 a(424)95 1809 y(MUUO)i(Stored)d(Here)p -83 1859 V 18 1848 a(425)95 1851 y(MUUO)j(Old)f(PC)g(W)m(ord)p -83 1900 V 18 1890 a(426)95 1889 y(Executiv)o(e)d(P)o(age)i(F)m(ailure)f(W)m -(ord)p 83 1942 V 18 1931 a(427)23 b(User)11 b(P)o(age)g(F)m(ailure)f(W)m(ord) -p 83 1983 V 18 1973 a(430)95 1972 y(Kernel)g(No)i(T)m(rap)g(MUUO)h(New)f(PC)h -(W)m(ord)p 83 2025 V 18 2014 a(431)23 b(Kernel)10 b(T)m(rap)i(MUUO)h(New)g -(PC)f(W)m(ord)p 83 2066 V 18 2056 a(432)95 2055 y(Sup)q(ervisor)d(No)i(T)m -(rap)h(MUUO)h(New)f(PC)h(W)m(ord)p 83 2108 V 18 2097 a(433)23 -b(Sup)q(ervisor)9 b(T)m(rap)i(MUUO)i(New)g(PC)f(W)m(ord)p 83 -2149 V 18 2139 a(434)95 2138 y(Concealed)d(No)j(T)m(rap)g(MUUO)h(New)f(PC)g -(W)m(ord)p 83 2191 V 18 2180 a(435)23 b(Concealed)9 b(T)m(rap)j(MUUO)h(New)f -(PC)h(W)m(ord)p 83 2233 V 18 2222 a(436)95 2221 y(Public)d(No)i(T)m(rap)f -(MUUO)j(New)e(PC)g(W)m(ord)p 83 2274 V 18 2263 a(437)23 b(Public)10 -b(T)m(rap)h(MUUO)j(New)e(PC)g(W)m(ord)18 2305 y(440)95 2389 -y(Reserv)o(ed)p 1079 531 V 1091 437 a(Av)n(ailable)e(to)h(Soft)o(w)o(are)1032 -520 y(37)p 1079 572 V 1032 561 a(40)1091 564 y(Executiv)o(e)e(LUUO)k(Stored)d -(Here)p 1079 614 V 1032 603 a(41)1091 606 y(LUUO)j(Handler)d(Instruction)1032 -644 y(42)p 1079 697 V 1091 663 a(Standard)f(Priorit)o(y)h(In)o(terrupt)f -(Instructions)1032 686 y(57)1032 727 y(60)1015 852 y(177)1091 -790 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 1079 863 V 1015 893 a(200)p 1494 912 2 -50 v 22 w(Executiv)o(e)g(P)o(age)i(400)113 b(Executiv)o(e)9 -b(P)o(age)i(401)p 1494 953 2 21 v 1494 995 V 1494 1036 V 1494 -1078 V 1494 1119 V 1494 1161 V 1494 1202 V 1494 1244 V 1494 -1285 V 1494 1327 V 1091 1389 a(Executiv)o(e)e(P)o(age)i(776)113 -b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(P)o(age)i(777)p 1079 1402 831 2 v 1015 1391 -a(377)p 1494 1401 2 54 v 1015 1433 a(400)p 1079 1610 831 2 -v 1015 1599 a(417)1091 1517 y(Reserv)o(ed)p 1079 1651 V 1015 -1640 a(420)22 b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(P)o(age)i(F)m(ailure)f(T)m(rap)h -(Instruction)p 1079 1693 V 1015 1682 a(421)22 b(Executiv)o(e)9 -b(Arithmetic)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(T)m(rap)g(Instruction)p 1079 -1693 V 1015 1724 a(422)1091 1723 y(Executiv)o(e)e(Pushdo)o(wn)h(Ov)o(er\015o) -o(w)i(T)m(rap)f(Instruction)p 1079 1734 V 1015 1765 a(423)22 -b(Executiv)o(e)9 b(T)m(rap)j(3)f(T)m(rap)g(Instruction)p 1079 -1776 V 1015 1807 a(424)1091 2139 y(Reserv)o(ed)p eop -%%Page: 465 125 -465 124 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(465)150 195 y(that)14 b(the)i(reference)g(is)f(allo)o(w)o -(able)d(according)j(to)f(the)h Fu(P)20 b FD(and)14 b Fu(W)20 -b FD(bits\).)g(If)14 b(there)i(is)e(no)h(matc)o(h,)e(the)i(hardw)o(are)150 -245 y(mak)o(es)i(a)h(memory)d(reference)20 b(\(referred)g(to)e(as)g(a)g -(\\page)g(re\014ll)g(cycle"\))g(to)g(get)g(the)h(necessary)h(information)150 -295 y(from)14 b(the)i(page)g(map)d(and)j(en)o(ters)h(it)e(in)o(to)g(the)h -(page)g(table)f(at)h(the)g(lo)q(cation)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)k(b)o(y)d(a)g(reload) -g(coun)o(ter.)150 345 y(This)f(coun)o(ter)g(is)g(incremen)o(ted)g(whenev)o -(er)h(it)e(is)g(used)i(to)e(reload)h(the)g(table,)f(and)h(also)f(whenev)o(er) -i(the)f(lo)q(cation)150 394 y(to)k(whic)o(h)h(it)f(p)q(oin)o(ts)g(is)g(used)i -(for)e(a)g(mapping.)30 b(Hence)20 b(the)f(coun)o(ter)g(tends)h(to)e(sta)o(y)g -(a)o(w)o(a)o(y)g(from)e(lo)q(cations)150 444 y(con)o(taining)d(the)h(page)g -(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(most)e(frequen)o(tly)j(referenced.)150 -583 y Fz(P)n(age)k(F)-5 b(ailure)150 669 y FD(A)16 b(page)g(failure)f(that)h -(o)q(ccurs)i(during)d(an)h(in)o(terrupt)h(instruction)f(terminates)g(the)g -(instruction)g(and)g(sets)h(the)150 719 y(In{Out)c(P)o(age)g(F)m(ailure)f -(\015ag,)h(requesting)h(an)e(in)o(terrupt)i(on)f(the)g(error)h(lev)o(el)f -(assigned)g(to)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor.)19 b(In)13 b(all)150 769 -y(other)e(circumstances,)g(if)e(the)i(paging)e(hardw)o(are)i(cannot)f(mak)o -(e)f(the)i(desired)g(memory)d(reference,)k(it)e(terminates)150 -818 y(the)k(instruction)f(immediately)d(without)j(disturbing)g(memory)m(,)d -(the)j(accum)o(ulators)g(or)g(PC,)g(places)g(a)g(page)g(fail)150 -868 y(w)o(ord)h(in)f(the)i(user)g(pro)q(cess)h(table,)e(and)g(causes)h(a)f -(page)g(failure)f(trap.)19 b(If)13 b(the)i(attempted)f(reference)i(is)e(in)g -(user)150 918 y(virtual)j(address)i(space,)g(the)f(page)g(fail)e(w)o(ord)h -(is)h(placed)g(in)f(lo)q(cation)g(427)g(of)g(the)h(user)h(pro)q(cess)g -(table,)f(and)150 968 y(the)f(pro)q(cessor)i(executes)g(the)f(trap)f -(instruction)g(in)f(lo)q(cation)g(420)g(of)g(the)i(same)d(table.)1582 -953 y Fp(75)1644 968 y FD(If)i(the)g(attempted)150 1018 y(reference)d(is)e -(in)f(executiv)o(e)i(virtual)e(address)i(space,)f(the)h(page)e(fail)f(w)o -(ord)i(is)g(placed)g(in)f(lo)q(cation)g(426)f(of)i(the)g(user)150 -1067 y(pro)q(cess)h(table,)e(and)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(executes)g(the)e -(trap)g(instruction)h(in)e(lo)q(cation)g(420)g(of)h(the)g(executiv)o(e)h(pro) -q(cess)150 1117 y(table.)17 b(The)c(trap)f(instruction)h(is)e(executed)k(in)c -(the)i(same)e(address)i(space)h(in)d(whic)o(h)h(the)h(failure)e(o)q(ccurred.) -20 b(The)150 1167 y(page)14 b(fail)e(w)o(ord)i(supplies)g(this)g -(information.)p 150 1423 1495 2 v 149 1423 2 100 v 150 1324 -1495 2 v 1644 1423 2 100 v 274 1435 2 13 v 398 1435 V 523 1435 -V 647 1435 V 772 1435 V 896 1443 2 21 v 1021 1435 2 13 v 1145 -1435 V 1270 1435 V 1394 1435 V 1519 1435 V 495 1453 a Fp(8)p -523 1423 2 100 v -17 w(8)p 481 1423 V 485 1384 a Fh(U)860 1453 -y Fp(17)p 896 1423 V -358 w(9)p 523 1423 V 612 1381 a Fn(Virtual)d(P)o(age) -1607 1453 y Fp(35)p 1644 1423 V -200 w(31)p 1436 1423 V 1487 -1363 a Fn(F)m(ailure)1501 1399 y(T)o(yp)q(e)p 1437 1581 208 -2 v 1436 1580 2 100 v 1437 1482 208 2 v 1644 1580 2 100 v 1441 -1610 a Fp(31)p 1478 1580 V -34 w(31)p 1436 1580 V 1449 1541 -a Fn(0)1483 1610 y Fp(32)p 1519 1580 V -34 w(32)p 1478 1580 -V 1482 1542 a Fh(A)1524 1610 y Fp(33)p 1561 1580 V -34 w(33)p -1519 1580 V 1519 1542 a Fh(W)1566 1610 y Fp(34)p 1602 1580 -V -34 w(34)p 1561 1580 V 1568 1542 a Fh(S)1607 1610 y Fp(35)p -1644 1580 V -34 w(35)p 1602 1580 V 1607 1542 a Fh(T)1160 1567 -y Fn(ha)o(v)o(e)g(this)f(format)1044 1514 y(If)i(bit)f(31)g(is)g(0,)g(bits)g -(31{35)150 1770 y FD(Whether)17 b(the)f(violation)e(o)q(ccurred)k(in)d(user)i -(or)f(executiv)o(e)h(virtual)e(address)i(space)f(is)g(indicated)g(b)o(y)f(a)h -(1)f(or)h(a)150 1819 y(0)g(in)g(bit)g(8.)25 b(If)16 b(bit)g(31)g(is)g(1,)h -(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(in)h(bits)h(31{35)e(\()p FB(\025)h -FD(20\))g(indicates)h(the)g(t)o(yp)q(e)g(of)e(\\hard")h(failure)g(as)150 -1869 y(follo)o(ws.)150 1937 y(23)49 b(Address)20 b(failure)d(|-)g(this)i(is)e -(a)h(sim)o(ulated)e(page)i(failure)g(caused)h(b)o(y)e(the)i(satisfaction)f -(of)f(an)h(address)241 1987 y(condition)e(selected)i(from)c(the)j(console.)25 -b(It)17 b(indicates)f(that)g(while)g(the)h(console)g(address)g(break)g(switc) -o(h)241 2037 y(w)o(as)g(on)g(and)f(the)i(Address)g(F)m(ailure)e(Inhibit)g -(\015ag)h(w)o(as)g(clear)g(\(bit)f(8)h(of)f(the)i(PC)f(w)o(ord\),)g(the)g -(pro)q(cessor)241 2086 y(initiated)d(a)g(page)g(c)o(hec)o(k)h(for)f(access)i -(to)e(the)h(memory)d(lo)q(cation)h(that)h(w)o(as)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e -(the)h(paging)e(and)241 2136 y(address)h(switc)o(hes)f(and)f(for)g(whic)o(h)g -(a)g(comparison)f(w)o(as)h(enabled)h(\(whether)h(or)e(not)g(a)g(comparison)f -(can)h(b)q(e)241 2186 y(made)j(is)g(a)g(function)h(of)f(the)h(setting)g(of)f -(the)h(paging)e(switc)o(hes)j(\(App)q(endix)f(G.2\))e(and)i(the)g(state)g(of) -f(the)241 2236 y(User)j(Address)f(Compare)e(Enable)h(\015ag)g(\(see)h(b)q -(elo)o(w\)\),)f(and)g(the)h(in)o(tended)f(memory)e(reference)k(w)o(as)e(for) -241 2286 y(the)f(purp)q(ose)g(selected)h(b)o(y)d(the)i(address)g(condition)e -(switc)o(hes)i(as)f(follo)o(ws:)333 2370 y(The)21 b(instruction)g(fetc)o(h)g -(switc)o(h)g(w)o(as)g(on)g(and)f(the)i(requested)h(access)f(w)o(as)f(for)f -(retriev)n(al)h(of)f(an)p 150 2405 720 2 v 181 2431 a Fo(75)214 -2443 y Fn(When)11 b(a)i(page)e(failure)g(trap)h(instruction)e(is)i(p)q -(erformed,)e(PC)j(p)q(oin)o(ts)e(to)i(the)e(instruction)f(that)i(failed)f -(\(or)h(to)g(an)g(X)o(CT)i(that)150 2483 y(executed)7 b(it\),)i(unless)g(the) -f(failure)g(o)q(ccurred)g(in)h(an)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(trap)h(instruction) -d(in)k(whic)o(h)f(case)f(PC)j(p)q(oin)o(ts)d(to)h(the)g(instruction)d(that) -150 2522 y(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)o(ed.)13 b(After)d(taking)e(care)h(of)h(the)g -(failure,)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor)e(can)h(alw)o(a)o(ys)h(return)f(to)h(the)f(in) -o(terrupted)e(instruction.)12 b(Either)d(the)150 2561 y(instruction)f(did)i -(not)g(c)o(hange)f(an)o(ything,)g(or)h(the)g(failure)f(w)o(as)j(in)e(the)g -(second)g(part)g(of)g(a)h(t)o(w)o(o{part)e(instruction,)f(where)j(First)f(P)o -(art)150 2601 y(Done)h(b)q(eing)f(set)h(prev)o(en)o(ts)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor)e -(from)i(rep)q(eating)d(an)o(y)j(un)o(w)o(an)o(ted)f(op)q(erations)f(in)i(the) -g(\014rst)f(part.)p eop -%%Page: 466 126 -466 125 bop 0 50 a FD(466)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)183 195 y FD(ordinary)f(instruction,)i(including)e(an)h -(instruction)h(executed)h(b)o(y)e(an)g Fx(X)o(CT)f FD(or)i(an)f(LUUO)h -(\(address)183 245 y(41\).)183 311 y(The)j(data)g(fetc)o(h)h(switc)o(h)f(w)o -(as)g(on)g(and)g(the)h(requested)h(access)g(w)o(as)e(for)g(retriev)n(al)g(of) -g(an)g(address)183 361 y(w)o(ord)c(in)h(an)g(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(address)g -(calculation)e(or)h(read{only)f(retriev)n(al)h(of)f(an)h(op)q(erand)g -(\(other)h(than)183 411 y(in)d(an)g Fx(X)o(CT)p FD(\).)f(This)i(switc)o(h)f -(can)h(also)f(cause)i(a)e(failure)f(inadv)o(erten)o(tly)1303 -396 y Fp(76)1352 411 y FD(on)h(the)h(retriev)n(al)g(of)f(a)g(trap)183 -461 y(instruction)h(or)g(a)f(PC)h(w)o(ord)g(in)g(an)f(MUUO.)183 -527 y(The)h(write)h(switc)o(h)g(w)o(as)f(on)g(and)h(the)g(requested)h(access) -g(w)o(as)f(for)f(writing,)1392 512 y Fp(77)1440 527 y FD(either)h(write{only) -f(or)183 577 y(read{mo)q(dify{write,)9 b(including)i(writing)g(b)o(y)g(an)h -(LUUO)g(\(address)h(40\).)k(This)11 b(switc)o(h)h(also)f(causes)i(a)183 -627 y(failure)f(on)g(the)h(\014rst)h(write)f(in)f(an)h(MUUO)g(if)f(the)h -(address)h(switc)o(hes)g(con)o(tain)e(the)i(e\013ectiv)o(e)g(address)183 -677 y(of)c(the)i(MUUO)f(\(ev)o(en)h(though)e(that)h(address)i(is)d(not)h -(used)h(for)f(the)g(access\),)i(and)e(can)g(cause)h(a)f(failure)183 -726 y(inadv)o(erten)o(tly)423 711 y Fp(76)472 726 y FD(on)i(the)i(second)g -(write.)91 811 y(The)e(Address)h(F)m(ailure)e(Inhibit)f(\015ag,)h(whic)o(h)g -(can)h(b)q(e)g(set)g(only)f(b)o(y)g(a)g Fx(JRSTF)g FD(or)g(MUUO,)g(prev)o(en) -o(ts)i(an)e(ad-)91 861 y(dress)h(failure)d(during)g(the)i(next)f(instruction) -g(|)f(the)i(completion)d(of)h(the)i(next)f(instruction)g(automatically)91 -910 y(clears)17 b(it.)23 b(If)15 b(an)h(in)o(terrupt)g(or)g(trap)g(in)o(terv) -o(enes,)h(the)f(\015ag)f(has)h(no)g(e\013ect)h(and)f(it)f(is)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)g -(and)f(cleared)91 960 y(if)f(the)i(PC)f(w)o(ord)g(is)f(sa)o(v)o(ed.)22 -b(If)14 b(it)h(is)f(not)h(sa)o(v)o(ed,)g(it)g(a\013ects)h(the)f(instruction)h -(follo)o(wing)c(the)j(in)o(terrupt)h(or)91 1010 y(trap.)28 -b(Otherwise)19 b(it)e(a\013ects)h(the)g(instruction)f(follo)o(wing)e(a)i -(return)h(in)f(whic)o(h)g(it)g(is)g(restored)i(with)d(the)91 -1060 y(PC)e(w)o(ord.)k(Using)13 b(this)h(\015ag,)f(the)h(Monitor)f(can)h -(return)h(to)e(a)g(user)i(instruction)f(that)g(caused)g(an)g(address)91 -1110 y(failure)f(and)h(\\get)g(b)o(y)g(it.")0 1195 y(22)49 -b(P)o(age)18 b(re\014ll)f(failure)f(|)h(this)h(is)f(a)g(hardw)o(are)h -(malfunction.)26 b(The)18 b(paging)e(hardw)o(are)i(did)f(not)g(\014nd)g(the) -91 1245 y(virtual)e(page)g(listed)g(in)g(the)h(page)f(table,)g(so)g(it)g -(loaded)g(paging)f(information)f(from)g(the)j(page)f(map)f(in)o(to)91 -1295 y(the)h(table)f(but)g(still)f(could)g(not)h(\014nd)g(it.)0 -1380 y(20)49 b(Small)10 b(user)i(violation)e(|)h(a)h(small)d(user)k(has)f -(attempted)f(to)h(reference)i(a)e(lo)q(cation)f(outside)h(of)f(the)h(limited) -91 1430 y(small)g(user)j(address)g(space.)0 1516 y(21)49 b(Proprietary)13 -b(violation)e(|)g(an)h(instruction)h(in)f(a)g(public)g(page)g(has)h -(attempted)f(to)g(reference)j(a)d(concealed)91 1566 y(page)j(or)g(transfer)h -(con)o(trol)f(in)o(to)f(a)h(concealed)h(page)f(at)f(an)h(in)o(v)n(alid)e(en)o -(try)j(p)q(oin)o(t)e(\(one)h(not)g(con)o(taining)f(a)91 1615 -y Fx(JRST)g(1,)p FD(\).)0 1719 y(If)g(the)h(violation)d(is)i(not)g(one)g(of)g -(these,)h(then)g(bits)f(31{35)f(ha)o(v)o(e)h(the)h(format)d(sho)o(wn)i(ab)q -(o)o(v)o(e)g(where)i Fu(A)p FD(,)d Fu(W)6 b FD(,)14 b(and)0 -1769 y Fu(S)h FD(are)f(simply)c(the)k(corresp)q(onding)f(bits)g(tak)o(en)g -(from)e(the)i(map)e(half)h(w)o(ord)g(for)g(the)i(page,)e(and)h -Fu(T)18 b FD(indicates)13 b(the)0 1818 y(t)o(yp)q(e)f(of)e(reference)k(in)c -(whic)o(h)h(the)h(failure)e(o)q(ccurred)j(|)d(0)h(for)g(a)g(read)g -(reference,)j(1)c(for)h(a)g(write)g(or)g(read{mo)q(dify{)0 -1868 y(write)i(reference.)20 b(The)14 b(t)o(yp)q(e)f(of)g(reference)i -(implies)c(nothing)h(ab)q(out)h(the)h(cause)g(of)e(failure)g(|)h(it)f -(indicates)i(only)0 1918 y(the)g(reason)h(the)f(failed)f(reference)k(w)o(as)c -(b)q(eing)h(made.)0 2004 y(The)21 b(page)f(fail)e(trap)i(instruction)h(is)f -(set)h(b)o(y)e(the)i(Monitor)f(to)g(transfer)h(con)o(trol)e(to)h(k)o(ernel)h -(mo)q(de.)35 b(After)0 2053 y(rectifying)14 b(the)g(situation,)f(the)i -(Monitor)e(returns)j(to)e(the)g(in)o(terrupted)h(instruction,)f(whic)o(h)g -(starts)h(o)o(v)o(er)f(again)0 2103 y(from)d(the)j(b)q(eginning.)357 -2088 y Fp(78)409 2103 y FD(Ev)o(en)f(a)g(t)o(w)o(o{part)g(instruction)g(that) -g(has)g(b)q(een)h(stopp)q(ed)g(b)o(y)f(a)g(failure)f(in)g(the)i(second)0 -2153 y(part)g(is)g(redone)h(prop)q(erly)m(,)e(pro)o(vided)h(the)g(Monitor)g -(restores)i(the)e(First)g(P)o(art)g(Done)g(\015ag.)p 0 2188 -720 2 v 31 2215 a Fo(76)64 2226 y Fn(Virtual)d(addresses)g(are)h(supplied)f -(to)h(the)g(paging)f(hardw)o(are)g(via)h(the)g(address)f(bus.)19 -b(An)13 b(inadv)o(erten)o(t)c(failure)i(o)q(ccurs)h(when)0 -2266 y(the)h(bus)h(is)g(not)g(used)f(for)h(an)f(access)g(but)h(it)g(acciden)o -(tally)d(con)o(tains)h(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(set)i(in)o(to)g(the)f(address) -g(switc)o(hes.)22 b(The)14 b(data)0 2305 y(fetc)o(h)9 b(switc)o(h)g(also)g -(catc)o(hes)f(the)h(attempt)e(to)j(retriev)o(e)e(a)h(dispatc)o(h)f(in)o -(terrupt)f(instruction)g(or)j(inadv)o(erten)n(tly)d(a)i(standard)f(in)o -(terrupt)0 2345 y(instruction,)g(but)j(the)g(page)f(failure)g(sets)g(the)h -(In-out)f(P)o(age)g(F)m(ailure)g(\015ag)h(instead)f(of)h(resulting)e(in)i(a)g -(trap)g(for)f(an)h(address)f(failure.)31 2372 y Fo(77)64 2384 -y Fn(The)i(write)h(switc)o(h)f(causes)g(a)h(failure)e(on)h(an)h(instruction)d -(fetc)o(h)h(if)i(a)g(read-mo)q(dif)o(y-writ)o(e)d(precedes)h(it)i(immediate)o -(ly)d(\(e.g.)18 b(if)0 2424 y(there)9 b(is)h(no)g(in)o(terv)o(ening)d(in)o -(terrupt,)g(the)j(program)e(is)i(not)f(b)q(eing)g(single)g(stepp)q(ed,)f -(etc\).The)h(write)h(switc)o(h)g(causes)e(a)j(failure)d(on)i(an)0 -2463 y(instruction)e(fetc)o(h)h(if)h(a)h(read-mo)q(dify)o(-write)c(precedes)i -(it)h(immediately)d(\(e.g.)14 b(if)c(there)g(is)g(no)g(in)o(terv)o(ening)e -(in)o(terrupt,)g(the)i(program)0 2502 y(is)h(not)g(b)q(eing)f(single)g(stepp) -q(ed,)g(etc\).)31 2530 y Fo(78)64 2542 y Fn(In)g(a)h(soft)f(page)g(failure,)f -(the)h(mapping)e(en)o(try)i(for)g(the)g(page)g(is)h(remo)o(v)o(ed)d(from)i -(the)g(page)g(table)g(on)g(the)g(assumption)e(that)i(the)0 -2581 y(Monitor)g(will)i(c)o(hange)d(it.)15 b(When)c(the)f(instruction)f(is)i -(restarted,)e(the)i(hardw)o(are)e(m)o(ust)i(go)f(to)h(the)g(page)f(map)g(to)h -(get)g(a)g(new)h(en)o(try)0 2621 y(for)f(the)g(page)f(table.)p -eop -%%Page: 467 127 -467 126 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(467)150 195 y(Note)15 b(that)f(a)f(failure)h(do)q(es)h(not)f -(necessarily)h(imply)d(that)i(an)o(ything)f(is)h(\\wrong.")k(The)c(virtual)g -(address)h(space)150 245 y(of)g(ev)o(en)i(a)e(small)f(user)j(is)e(32K)h(w)o -(ords,)g(whic)o(h)g(ma)o(y)e(w)o(ell)h(b)q(e)h(more)f(than)h(is)g(needed)h -(in)e(a)h(giv)o(en)f(run.)24 b(Hence)150 295 y(the)15 b(Monitor)e(ma)o(y)f -(ha)o(v)o(e)i(only)f(ten)h(or)g(t)o(w)o(en)o(t)o(y)g(pages)h(of)e(the)i(user) -g(program)d(in)h(core)i(at)f(an)o(y)g(giv)o(en)f(time,)f(and)150 -345 y(these)i(w)o(ould)d(b)q(e)i(the)f(virtual)g(pages)g(indicated)g(as)g -(accessible.)19 b(When)13 b(the)f(user)h(attempts)f(to)g(gain)f(access)j(to)e -(a)150 394 y(page)h(that)f(is)h(not)g(there)h(\(a)e(virtual)g(page)h -(indicated)f(in)h(the)g(page)g(map)e(as)i(inaccessible\),)g(the)h(Monitor)e -(w)o(ould)150 444 y(resp)q(ond)j(to)f(the)g(page)g(failure)f(b)o(y)h -(bringing)f(in)g(the)i(needed)g(page)f(from)e(the)i(drum)f(or)h(disk,)f -(either)i(adding)e(to)150 494 y(the)h(user)h(space)g(or)f(sw)o(apping)g(out)f -(a)h(page)g(the)g(user)h(no)f(longer)g(needs.)150 580 y(The)19 -b(same)e(situation)h(exists)h(for)e(writabilit)o(y)m(.)29 b(When)19 -b(bringing)e(in)h(a)g(user)h(program,)e(the)i(Monitor)f(w)o(ould)150 -629 y(ordinarily)c(indicate)i(as)f(writable)g(only)g(the)h(bu\013er)h(area)e -(and)h(other)g(pages)f(that)h(will)e(de\014nitely)i(b)q(e)g(altered.)150 -679 y(Then)i(in)g(resp)q(onse)i(to)e(a)f(write)i(failure,)e(the)i(Monitor)e -(mak)o(es)g(the)i(page)f(writable)f(and)h(indicates)g(to)g(itself)150 -729 y(\(p)q(erhaps)g(b)o(y)f(means)f(of)h(the)g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(bit)g(in)g -(the)g(page)g(map\))f(that)h(that)g(page)g(has)g(in)g(fact)g(b)q(een)h -(altered.)150 779 y(When)c(the)h(user)g(is)e(done,)h(the)g(Monitor)g(need)h -(write)f(only)f(the)i(altered)f(pages)g(bac)o(k)g(on)o(to)f(the)i(drum.)150 -918 y Fz(Monitor)j(Programming)150 1004 y FD(The)13 b(k)o(ernel)g(mo)q(de)e -(program)g(is)h(resp)q(onsible)i(for)e(the)h(o)o(v)o(erall)e(con)o(trol)i(of) -f(the)h(system.)k(It)12 b(is)h(the)g(only)f(program)150 1053 -y(that)h(has)g(access)i(to)e(an)o(y)f(of)h(ph)o(ysical)f(core)i(unpaged)f -(and)g(that)g(has)g(no)g(instruction)g(restrictions.)19 b(The)13 -b(k)o(ernel)150 1103 y(program)f(handles)h(all)f(in{out)g(for)h(the)h(system) -f(and)g(m)o(ust)f(set)i(up)f(the)h(page)f(maps,)f(trap)h(lo)q(cations,)f(in)o -(terrupt)150 1153 y(lo)q(cations)17 b(and)g(the)h(lik)o(e.)27 -b(The)18 b(sup)q(ervisor)g(program)e(lab)q(ors)h(under)h(the)g(same)f -(instruction)g(restrictions)i(as)150 1203 y(the)f(user)g(but)f(has)g(no)g(w)o -(a)o(y)f(of)h(b)o(ypassing)g(them)f(|)g(they)i(alw)o(a)o(ys)e(apply)m(.)26 -b(Sup)q(ervisor)18 b(mo)q(de)e(is)h(limited)e(to)150 1253 y(the)j(144K)g -(paged)g(part)g(of)f(the)h(executiv)o(e)h(address)h(space,)f(although)e -(within)g(that)h(space)h(it)e(can)h(read)h(but)150 1302 y(not)d(alter)g -(concealed)h(pages.)25 b(The)16 b(sup)q(ervisor)i(can)e(giv)o(e)f(a)h -Fx(JRSTF)f FD(that)h(clears)h(Public)f(pro)o(vided)g(it)g(is)g(also)150 -1352 y(setting)g(User;)i(in)d(other)i(w)o(ords)f(the)g(sup)q(ervisor)h(can)f -(return)h(con)o(trol)f(to)f(a)h(concealed)h(program)d(but)i(cannot)150 -1402 y(en)o(ter)h(k)o(ernel)f(mo)q(de)e(b)o(y)i(manipulating)c(the)k -(\015ags.)23 b(The)16 b(PC)g(w)o(ords)g(supplied)f(b)o(y)h(MUUOs)g(can)g -(manipulate)150 1452 y(the)g(\015ags)f(in)h(an)o(y)f(w)o(a)o(y)m(,)f(switc)o -(hing)h(arbitrarily)f(from)g(one)i(mo)q(de)e(to)i(another,)f(but)h(these)h -(are)f(in)f(the)h(pro)q(cess)150 1502 y(table)e(and)f(assumed)h(to)g(b)q(e)g -(under)h(con)o(trol)f(solely)f(of)g(k)o(ernel)i(mo)q(de.)150 -1587 y(F)m(or)i(accum)o(ulator,)g(index)h(register)g(and)g(fast)f(memory)e -(references,)21 b(the)e(Monitor)e(automatically)d(uses)19 b(fast)150 -1637 y(memory)7 b(blo)q(c)o(k)j(0.)17 b(F)m(or)9 b(eac)o(h)i(user,)g(the)g(k) -o(ernel)f(mo)q(de)f(program)f(m)o(ust)h(assign)h(a)g(blo)q(c)o(k.)16 -b(The)11 b(usual)e(pro)q(cedure)j(is)150 1687 y(to)e(assign)f(blo)q(c)o(ks)h -(2)g(and)g(3)f(to)h(individual)e(user)j(programs)e(on)g(a)h(semip)q(ermanen)o -(t)e(basis)i(for)g(sp)q(ecial)g(applications)150 1737 y(and)i(to)h(assign)f -(blo)q(c)o(k)g(1)h(to)f(all)f(other)i(users.)19 b(In)13 b(this)g(w)o(a)o(y)e -(the)j(Monitor)e(need)h(not)g(store)g(blo)q(c)o(ks)g(2)f(and)g(3)g(when)150 -1786 y(the)j(sp)q(ecial)g(users)h(are)f(not)g(running,)f(and)g(it)h(need)g -(not)g(store)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(1)f(when)h(it)f(tak)o(es)h(o)o(v)o(er)g(con)o -(trol)f(from)f(an)150 1836 y(ordinary)k(user)i(temp)q(orarily)m(.)28 -b(If)17 b(the)h(Monitor)g(shared)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(0)f(with)h(an)o(y)f(users,)j -(it)d(w)o(ould)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(to)h(store)150 1886 y(the)f(user)g(accum)o -(ulators)e(ev)o(en)i(when)g(taking)e(con)o(trol)h(only)f(temp)q(orarily)m(.) -23 b(When)16 b(switc)o(hing)g(from)e(one)j(user)150 1936 y(to)g(another,)h -(the)g(Monitor)e(usually)h(stores)h(the)g(\014rst)g(user's)g(accum)o(ulators) -e(in)h(his)g(shado)o(w)g(area)g(|)g(this)g(is)150 1986 y(lo)q(cations)12 -b(0{17)g(in)h(user)h(virtual)e(page)h(0,)f(an)h(area)g(not)g(generally)f -(accessible)j(to)d(the)i(user)g(at)f(all)e(|)i(and)g(loads)150 -2036 y(the)j(new)f(user)h(S)f(accum)o(ulators)f(from)g(his)g(shado)o(w)h -(area,)g(where)h(they)g(w)o(ere)g(stored)g(after)f(the)h(last)f(time)e(the) -150 2085 y(new)h(user)h(ran.)150 2171 y(Ev)o(en)j(while)f(User)i(is)f(set,)h -(the)f(in)o(terrupt)g(instructions)h(are)f(not)f(part)h(of)f(the)h(user)h -(program)d(and)h(are)i(th)o(us)150 2221 y(sub)r(ject)14 b(only)f(to)f -(executiv)o(e)j(restrictions.)k(\(The)13 b(page)g(failure)f(and)h(o)o(v)o -(er\015o)o(w)g(trap)g(instructions)h(are)f(executed)150 2271 -y(in)j(the)g(user)h(address)g(space)g(if)f(caused)h(b)o(y)e(the)i(user.\))26 -b(As)16 b(in)o(terrupt)h(instructions,)f Fx(JSR)p FD(,)f Fx(JSP)p -FD(,)g(and)h Fx(PUSHJ)150 2320 y FD(automatically)f(tak)o(e)k(the)g(pro)q -(cessor)h(out)f(of)f(user)h(mo)q(de)f(to)g(jump)f(to)h(an)g(executiv)o(e)i -(service)g(routine.)32 b(An)150 2370 y(MUUO)14 b(can)h(also)e(b)q(e)h(used.) -150 2456 y(The)g(pager)f(has)h(one)f(non{I/O)g(instruction)h(and)f(t)o(w)o(o) -g(I/O)g(instructions)h(primarily)d(for)i(diagnostic)g(purp)q(oses.)150 -2506 y(Otherwise)18 b(con)o(trol)e(o)o(v)o(er)g(the)h(system)g(is)f -(exercised)i(b)o(y)e(data)g(I/O)h(instructions.)26 b(The)17 -b(device)g(co)q(de)g(for)f(the)150 2555 y(pager)e(is)g(010,)e(mnemonic)g(P)m -(A)o(G.)p eop -%%Page: 468 128 -468 127 bop 0 50 a FD(468)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)p 0 355 1495 4 v 0 280 V -2 353 4 75 v 1493 -353 V 538 353 V 579 353 V 746 353 V 12 384 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 330 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)0 246 y Fk(D)n(A)-5 b(T)g(A)n(O)18 b(P)-5 b(A)n(G,)20 b(Data)e(Out,)h(P)n -(aging)218 329 y FD(70114)0 480 y(In)o(v)n(alidate)e(all)h(data)g(in)g(the)i -(asso)q(ciativ)o(e)e(memory)m(,)f(and)h(set)i(up)e(the)i(paging)d(hardw)o -(are)i(according)g(to)f(the)0 530 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)d(of)e(lo)q(cation)g -Fu(E)j FD(as)e(sho)o(wn.)19 b(In)o(v)n(alidating)11 b(all)i(data)g(in)h(the)g -(asso)q(ciativ)o(e)g(memory)e(means)h(setting)h(the)0 580 y(W)m(ord)e(Empt)o -(y)f(bit)h(in)f(eac)o(h)i(lo)q(cation)f(to)g(indicate)g(that)g(the)h(rest)h -(of)d(the)i(w)o(ord)f(is)h(meaningless)e(and)h(should)g(not)0 -629 y(b)q(e)j(used.)p 0 1210 1495 2 v -1 1209 2 187 v 0 1023 -1495 2 v 1494 1209 2 187 v 248 1221 2 13 v 497 1221 V 746 1221 -V 995 1221 V 1244 1221 V 25 1239 a Fp(18)p 82 1209 2 187 v --34 w(18)p -1 1209 V 11 1107 a Fd(Load)7 1134 y(Righ)o(t)108 -1239 y Fp(19)p 165 1209 2 21 v -34 w(19)p 82 1209 V 49 w(20)p -248 1209 V -34 w(20)p 165 1209 V 49 w(21)p 331 1209 V -34 w(21)p -248 1209 V 49 w(22)p 414 1209 2 187 v -34 w(22)p 331 1209 V -344 1094 a Fd(P)o(age)349 1124 y(En{)348 1151 y(able)523 1239 -y Fp(24)p 580 1209 2 21 v -34 w(24)p 497 1209 V 49 w(25)p 663 -1209 V -34 w(25)p 580 1209 V 49 w(26)p 746 1209 V -34 w(26)p -663 1209 V 49 w(27)p 829 1209 V -34 w(27)p 746 1209 V 49 w(28)p -912 1209 V -34 w(28)p 829 1209 V 49 w(29)p 995 1209 V -34 w(29)p -912 1209 V 49 w(30)p 1078 1209 V -34 w(30)p 995 1209 V 49 w(31)p -1161 1209 V -34 w(31)p 1078 1209 V 49 w(32)p 1244 1209 V -34 -w(32)p 1161 1209 V 49 w(33)p 1328 1209 V -34 w(33)p 1244 1209 -V 49 w(34)p 1411 1209 V -34 w(34)p 1328 1209 V 49 w(35)p 1494 -1209 2 187 v -1030 w(23)p 414 1209 V 738 1130 a FD(Executiv)o(e)f(Base)h -(Address)p 0 940 1495 2 v -1 939 2 187 v 0 753 1495 2 v 1494 -939 2 187 v 248 952 2 13 v 497 952 V 746 952 V 995 952 V 1244 -952 V 33 969 a Fp(0)p 82 939 2 187 v -17 w(0)p -1 939 V 11 -839 a Fd(Load)16 866 y(Left)199 969 y Fp(2)p 248 918 2 167 -v -100 w(1)p 82 918 V 107 814 a Fd(User)c(F)n(ast)116 840 y(Memory)131 -871 y(Blo)q(c)o(k)199 969 y Fp(2)p 248 939 2 21 v -17 w(2)p -165 939 V 66 w(3)p 331 939 2 187 v -17 w(3)p 248 939 V 256 -840 a Fd(Small)263 866 y(User)365 969 y Fp(4)p 414 939 V -17 -w(4)p 331 939 V 346 773 a Fd(User)349 800 y(Ad{)342 827 y(dress)338 -853 y(Com{)347 875 y(pare)349 905 y(En{)348 932 y(able)531 -969 y Fp(6)p 580 939 2 21 v -17 w(6)p 497 939 V 66 w(7)p 663 -939 V -17 w(7)p 580 939 V 66 w(8)p 746 939 V -17 w(8)p 663 -939 V -17 w(8)p 746 939 V -100 w(7)p 580 939 V 66 w(8)p 746 -939 V -17 w(8)p 663 939 V 66 w(9)p 829 939 V -17 w(9)p 746 -939 V 58 w(10)p 912 939 V -34 w(10)p 829 939 V 49 w(11)p 995 -939 V -34 w(11)p 912 939 V 49 w(12)p 1078 939 V -34 w(12)p -995 939 V 49 w(13)p 1161 939 2 5 v -34 w(13)p 1078 939 V 49 -w(14)p 1244 939 V -34 w(14)p 1161 939 V 49 w(15)p 1328 939 -V -34 w(15)p 1244 939 V 49 w(16)p 1411 939 V -34 w(16)p 1328 -939 V 49 w(17)p 1494 939 2 187 v -1022 w(5)p 414 939 V 785 -860 a FD(User)k(Base)g(Address)0 1398 y(Bits)e(0)e(and)h(18)g(are)g(c)o -(hange)h(bits.)k(If)12 b(bit)g(0)g(is)g(0,)f(ignore)h(the)h(rest)g(of)f(the)g -(left)g(half)f(w)o(ord.)18 b(But)12 b(if)g(bit)f(0)h(is)g(1,)g(load)0 -1448 y(bits)k(5{17)f(in)o(to)g(the)h(user)h(base)g(register)g(to)e(select)j -(the)e(user)h(pro)q(cess)h(table,)e(select)h(the)f(fast)g(memory)d(blo)q(c)o -(k)0 1498 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e(bits)h(1)f(and)h(2)f(for)g(the)h(user,)h -(limit)c(the)j(address)h(space)f(to)g(that)f(of)g(a)g(small)f(user)i(if)f -(bit)g(3)h(is)f(1,)g(and)0 1548 y(enable)j(address)h(comparison)d(if)g(bit)h -(4)h(is)f(1.)19 b(The)c(Address)h(Compare)e(Enable)g(bit)g(functions)h(in)f -(conjunction)0 1597 y(with)g(the)g(console)g(paging)f(switc)o(hes,)i(as)f -(explained)f(in)h(App)q(endix)g(G.2)0 1683 y(Similarly)f(if)j(bit)g(18)g(is)g -(0,)g(ignore)g(the)h(rest)h(of)e(the)h(righ)o(t)f(half)f(w)o(ord.)26 -b(Otherwise)18 b(load)d(bits)h(23{35)g(in)o(to)f(the)0 1733 -y(executiv)o(e)i(base)g(register)g(to)f(select)h(the)g(executiv)o(e)g(pro)q -(cess)h(table,)e(and)g(enable)g(executiv)o(e)i(paging)d(if)g(bit)g(22)0 -1783 y(is)f(1.)20 b(F)m(or)14 b(normal)e(op)q(eration)j(of)f(the)h(system,)f -(bit)g(22)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(1.)20 b(A)14 b(0)g(in)g(this)h(bit)f(disables)h -(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(traps,)0 1832 y(and)f(disables)f(executiv)o(e)i -(paging)e(so)h(there)h(is)e(no)h(sup)q(ervisor)h(mo)q(de)d(and)i(no)f -(executiv)o(e)i(virtual)e(addressing)h(|)0 1882 y(in)h(other)i(w)o(ords)f(an) -g(executiv)o(e)h(program)d(automatically)e(runs)16 b(in)e(k)o(ernel)i(mo)q -(de)e(with)g(all)g(access)i(in)f(the)g(\014rst)0 1932 y(256K)e(of)h(ph)o -(ysical)f(memory)e(unpaged.)639 1917 y Fp(79)819 2050 y Fz(NOTE)104 -2141 y FD(Neither)k(turning)f(on)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)h(nor)f(pressing)h(the)g -(reset)g(switc)o(h)g(in)o(v)n(alidates)e(the)i(data)f(in)f(the)i(asso-)104 -2191 y(ciativ)o(e)10 b(memory)m(.)k(Therefore,)f(after)e(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)g -(has)g(b)q(een)h(o\013,)f(the)h(starting)f(k)o(ernel)g(program)e(m)o(ust)h -(do)104 2241 y(a)h Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)f(P)m(A)o(G,)f FD(to)j(clear)g(the)g -(asso)q(ciativ)o(e)g(memory)d(of)i(random)f(data)h(b)q(efore)i(en)o(tering)f -(executiv)o(e)104 2291 y(or)i(user)h(paged)f(address)h(space.)p -0 2403 720 2 v 31 2429 a Fo(79)64 2441 y Fn(An)d(executiv)o(e)d(mo)q(de)i -(program)f(that)h(do)q(es)g(not)g(set)h(bit)f(22)h(and)f(a)o(v)o(oids)g -(other)g(sp)q(ecial)f(KI10)i(features)e(will)i(run)f(on)h(a)g(KA10)0 -2481 y(as)f(w)o(ell.)16 b(This)11 b(is)h(useful)e(for)h(hardw)o(are)f -(diagnostics)e(and)j(b)q(o)q(otstrap)e(loaders)h(\(see)h(readin)e(mo)q(de,)p -Fj(x)n Fn(4.3.1\).)p eop -%%Page: 469 129 -469 128 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(469)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 -75 v 1643 353 V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)150 246 y Fk(D)n(A)-5 b(T)g(AI)18 b(P)-5 b(A)n(G,)42 -b(Data)18 b(In,)h(P)n(aging)368 329 y FD(70104)150 480 y(Read)14 -b(the)i(status)f(of)f(the)h(paging)f(hardw)o(are)h(in)o(to)e(lo)q(cation)h -Fu(E)r FD(.)20 b(The)15 b(information)d(read)j(is)f(the)i(same)d(as)i(that) -150 530 y(supplied)f(b)o(y)g(a)f Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)f FD(\(bits)i(0)g(and)f -(18)h(are)g(0\).)p 150 781 1495 4 v 150 706 V 148 779 4 75 -v 1643 779 V 688 779 V 729 779 V 896 779 V 162 811 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 756 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)150 673 y Fk(CONO)17 b(P)-5 b(A)n(G,)43 b(Conditions)21 -b(Out,)d(P)n(aging)368 755 y FD(70120)150 906 y(Load)13 b(the)g(executiv)o(e) -i(stac)o(k)e(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(from)f(bits)h(18{22)f(and)h(the)h(page)f(table)g -(reload)g(coun)o(ter)h(from)d(bits)i(31{35)150 956 y(of)g(the)i(e\013ectiv)o -(e)g(conditions)f Fu(E)h FD(as)f(sho)o(wn.)p 150 1267 1495 -2 v 149 1266 2 187 v 150 1080 1495 2 v 1644 1266 2 187 v 398 -1278 2 13 v 647 1278 V 896 1278 V 1145 1278 V 1394 1278 V 507 -1296 a Fp(22)p 564 1266 2 187 v -366 w(18)p 149 1266 V 232 -1166 a FD(Executiv)o(e)h(A)o(C)235 1207 y(Stac)o(k)f(P)o(oin)o(ter)258 -1296 y Fp(19)p 315 1266 2 21 v -34 w(19)p 232 1266 V 49 w(20)p -398 1266 V -34 w(20)p 315 1266 V 49 w(21)p 481 1266 V -34 w(21)p -398 1266 V 132 w(23)p 647 1266 V -34 w(23)p 564 1266 V 49 w(24)p -730 1266 V -34 w(24)p 647 1266 V 49 w(25)p 813 1266 V -34 w(25)p -730 1266 V 49 w(26)p 896 1266 V -34 w(26)p 813 1266 V 49 w(27)p -979 1266 V -34 w(27)p 896 1266 V 49 w(28)p 1062 1266 V -34 -w(28)p 979 1266 V 49 w(29)p 1145 1266 V -34 w(29)p 1062 1266 -V 49 w(30)p 1228 1266 V -34 w(30)p 1145 1266 V 381 w(35)p 1644 -1266 2 187 v -366 w(31)p 1228 1266 V 1336 1162 a FD(P)o(age)g(T)m(able)1294 -1212 y(Reload)f(Coun)o(ter)1337 1296 y Fp(32)p 1394 1266 2 -21 v -34 w(32)p 1311 1266 V 49 w(33)p 1478 1266 V -34 w(33)p -1394 1266 V 49 w(34)p 1561 1266 V -34 w(34)p 1478 1266 V 150 -1455 a FD(The)d(executiv)o(e)h(stac)o(k)e(p)q(oin)o(ter)h(sp)q(eci\014es)i(a) -d(blo)q(c)o(k)g(of)g(sixteen)h(lo)q(cations)f(in)g(the)h(user)h(pro)q(cess)g -(table)e(b)o(y)h(supplying)150 1505 y(the)j(left)g(\014v)o(e)g(bits)g(for)g -(a)f(9{bit)g(address)i(that)f(references)j(a)c(lo)q(cation)g(in)h(the)g -(table;)g(this)g(function)f(is)h(used)h(only)150 1555 y(for)d(accessing)i -(stac)o(k)o(ed)f(fast)f(memory)e(blo)q(c)o(ks)j(in)f(an)g(instruction)g -(executed)j(b)o(y)d(a)g Fx(PX)o(CT)f FD(\(see)j(b)q(elo)o(w\).)k(Loading)150 -1605 y(the)d(reload)g(coun)o(ter)h(causes)g(it)f(to)g(p)q(oin)o(t)f(to)h(the) -g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(lo)q(cation)d(in)g(the)h(page)g(table.)p -150 1854 1495 4 v 150 1779 V 148 1852 4 75 v 1643 1852 V 688 -1852 V 729 1852 V 896 1852 V 162 1883 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 1829 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 1745 -y Fk(CONI)18 b(P)-5 b(A)n(G,)66 b(Conditions)21 b(In,)e(P)n(aging)368 -1828 y FD(70124)150 1979 y(Read)13 b(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(serial)e(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er,)e(the)j(page)f(table)f(reload)h(coun)o(ter,)h(and)e(the)i(con)o(ten) -o(ts)g(of)e(the)h(lo)q(cation)f(in)150 2029 y(the)i(virtual)g(page)f(table)h -(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)d(the)i(coun)o(ter)g(in)o(to)e(lo)q(cation)g -Fu(E)j FD(as)e(sho)o(wn.)p eop -%%Page: 470 130 -470 129 bop 0 50 a FD(470)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)p 0 736 1495 2 v -1 735 2 187 v 0 549 1495 -2 v 1494 735 2 187 v 248 747 2 13 v 497 747 V 746 747 V 995 -747 V 1244 747 V 689 765 a Fp(26)p 746 735 2 187 v -698 w(18)p --1 735 V 235 627 a FD(Complemen)o(t)e(of)178 676 y(Virtual)h(P)o(age)h(Num)o -(b)q(er)108 765 y Fp(19)p 165 735 2 21 v -34 w(19)p 82 735 -V 49 w(20)p 248 735 V -34 w(20)p 165 735 V 49 w(21)p 331 735 -V -34 w(21)p 248 735 V 49 w(22)p 414 735 V -34 w(22)p 331 735 -V 49 w(23)p 497 735 V -34 w(23)p 414 735 V 49 w(24)p 580 735 -V -34 w(24)p 497 735 V 49 w(25)p 663 735 V -34 w(25)p 580 735 -V 132 w(27)p 829 735 2 187 v -34 w(27)p 746 735 V 752 593 a -Fd(Exec{)758 620 y(utiv)o(e)764 646 y(Ad{)758 673 y(dress)753 -700 y(Space)855 765 y Fp(28)p 912 735 2 21 v -34 w(28)p 829 -735 V 49 w(29)p 995 735 V -34 w(29)p 912 735 V 49 w(30)p 1078 -735 2 187 v -34 w(30)p 995 735 V 1005 633 a Fd(W)n(ord)997 -660 y(Empt)o(y)1436 765 y Fp(35)p 1494 735 V -366 w(31)p 1078 -735 V 1186 631 a FD(P)o(age)g(T)m(able)1144 680 y(Reload)f(Coun)o(ter)1187 -765 y Fp(32)p 1244 735 2 21 v -34 w(32)p 1161 735 V 49 w(33)p -1328 735 V -34 w(33)p 1244 735 V 49 w(34)p 1411 735 V -34 w(34)p -1328 735 V 0 424 1495 2 v -1 423 2 187 v 0 237 1495 2 v 1494 -423 2 187 v 248 436 2 13 v 497 436 V 746 436 V 995 436 V 1244 -436 V 780 454 a(9)p 829 423 2 187 v -764 w(0)p -1 423 V 191 -344 a FD(Pro)q(cessor)j(Serial)d(Num)o(b)q(er)116 454 y Fp(1)p -165 423 2 21 v -17 w(1)p 82 423 V 66 w(2)p 248 423 V -17 w(2)p -165 423 V 66 w(3)p 331 423 V -17 w(3)p 248 423 V 66 w(4)p 414 -423 V -17 w(4)p 331 423 V 66 w(5)p 497 423 V -17 w(5)p 414 -423 V 66 w(6)p 580 423 V -17 w(6)p 497 423 V 66 w(7)p 663 423 -V -17 w(7)p 580 423 V 66 w(8)p 746 423 V -17 w(8)p 663 423 -V 141 w(10)p 912 423 V -34 w(10)p 829 423 V 49 w(11)p 995 423 -V -34 w(11)p 912 423 V 49 w(12)p 1078 423 V -34 w(12)p 995 -423 V 49 w(13)p 1161 423 V -34 w(13)p 1078 423 V 49 w(14)p -1244 423 V -34 w(14)p 1161 423 V 49 w(15)p 1328 423 V -34 w(15)p -1244 423 V 49 w(16)p 1411 423 V -34 w(16)p 1328 423 V 49 w(17)p -1494 423 V -34 w(17)p 1411 423 V 0 924 a FD(Note)g(that)g(bits)f(18{26)g(con) -o(tain)g(the)h(complemen)o(t)d(of)i(the)h(virtual)f(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e -(in)i(the)g(selected)h(lo)q(cation.)j(A)0 974 y(1)c(in)h(bit)f(27)g -(indicates)h(the)g(page)g(is)f(in)g(the)i(executiv)o(e)f(address)h(space;)g -(a)e(1)g(in)g(bit)h(30)f(means)g(the)h(information)0 1024 y(in)h(bits)h -(18{27)f(is)h(in)o(v)n(alid.)22 b(It)16 b(is)f(p)q(ossible)h(for)g(the)h -(reload)e(coun)o(ter)i(to)f(c)o(hange)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(the)g -Fx(CONI)e FD(and)g(the)0 1074 y Fx(CONO)p FD(,)d(so)i(the)h -Fx(CONI)e FD(migh)o(t)e(read)k(a)e(di\013eren)o(t)i(lo)q(cation)e(than)h(w)o -(as)g(selected)i(b)o(y)d(the)i Fx(CONO)p FD(.)p 0 1322 1495 -4 v 0 1248 V -2 1321 4 75 v 1493 1321 V 538 1321 V 579 1321 -V 746 1321 V 12 1352 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 1298 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)344 1352 y Fn(8)p -372 1321 V 24 w(9)441 1298 y Fy(A)0 1214 y Fk(MAP)211 b(Map)18 -b(an)h(Address)156 1297 y FD(257)0 1448 y(Map)11 b(the)i(virtual)d -(e\013ectiv)o(e)j(address)g Fu(E)h FD(and)d(place)h(the)g(resulting)g(map)e -(data)h(in)g(A)o(C)h(righ)o(t)f(in)g(the)h(same)f(format)0 -1498 y(as)k(it)g(is)f(in)h(the)h(page)f(map,)e(i.e.,)g(bits)i -Fu(P)6 b FD(,)15 b Fu(W)21 b FD(and)14 b Fu(S)k FD(in)d(bits)g(19{21)e(and)i -(the)h(ph)o(ysical)e(page)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(in)h(bits)0 1547 -y(23{35.)i(Clear)d(A)o(C)f(left.)p 0 1858 1495 2 v -1 1857 -2 187 v 0 1671 1495 2 v 1494 1857 2 187 v 248 1870 2 13 v 497 -1870 V 746 1870 V 995 1870 V 1244 1870 V 25 1887 a Fp(18)p -82 1857 2 187 v -34 w(18)p -1 1857 V 12 1745 a Fd(P)o(age)11 -1776 y(F)n(ail{)22 1797 y(ure)108 1887 y Fp(19)p 165 1857 V --34 w(19)p 82 1857 V 106 1778 a Fy(P)191 1887 y Fp(20)p 248 -1857 V -34 w(20)p 165 1857 V 183 1778 a Fy(W)274 1887 y Fp(21)p -331 1857 V -34 w(21)p 248 1857 V 275 1778 a Fy(S)357 1887 y -Fp(22)p 414 1857 V -34 w(22)p 331 1857 V 356 1757 a Fd(No)335 -1784 y(Matc)o(h)1436 1887 y Fp(35)p 1494 1857 V -1030 w(23)p -414 1857 V 829 1753 a FD(Ph)o(ysical)g(P)o(age)780 1803 y(Address)i(Bits)g -(14{26)523 1887 y Fp(24)p 580 1857 2 21 v -34 w(24)p 497 1857 -V 49 w(25)p 663 1857 V -34 w(25)p 580 1857 V 49 w(26)p 746 -1857 V -34 w(26)p 663 1857 V 49 w(27)p 829 1857 V -34 w(27)p -746 1857 V 49 w(28)p 912 1857 V -34 w(28)p 829 1857 V 49 w(29)p -995 1857 V -34 w(29)p 912 1857 V 49 w(30)p 1078 1857 V -34 -w(30)p 995 1857 V 49 w(31)p 1161 1857 V -34 w(31)p 1078 1857 -V 49 w(32)p 1244 1857 V -34 w(32)p 1161 1857 V 49 w(33)p 1328 -1857 V -34 w(33)p 1244 1857 V 49 w(34)p 1411 1857 V -34 w(34)p -1328 1857 V 0 2046 a FD(This)i(instruction)h(cannot)g(pro)q(duce)g(a)f(page)h -(failure,)f(but)h(if)e(a)h(page)h(failure)e(w)o(ould)h(ha)o(v)o(e)g(resulted) -i(had)e(an)0 2096 y(ordinary)d(instruction)g(in)f(the)i(same)e(mo)q(de)g -(attempted)h(to)g(write)g(in)g(lo)q(cation)f Fu(E)r FD(,)h(place)g(a)f(1)h -(in)g(A)o(C)g(bit)f(18.)18 b(If)0 2146 y(no)e(matc)o(h)f(can)i(b)q(e)g(made)e -(b)o(y)h(the)h(paging)f(hardw)o(are,)h(place)f(a)g(1)h(in)f(bit)g(22.)25 -b(This)16 b(results)i(in)e(four)g(p)q(ossible)0 2196 y(situations)e(as)g(a)f -(function)h(of)f(the)h(states)i(of)d(bits)h(18)f(and)h(22.)p -eop -%%Page: 471 131 -471 130 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(471)175 188 y Fy(Bit)14 b(18)51 b(Bit)14 b(22)619 -b(Me)n(aning)221 274 y FD(0)142 b(0)96 b(A)o(C)13 b(righ)o(t)h(con)o(tains)g -(v)n(alid)e(map)g(data.)221 342 y(0)142 b(1)96 b(There)20 b(is)g(no)f(page)h -(failure)e(but)i(also)f(no)h(matc)o(h,)f(so)g(the)i(instruction)f(m)o(ust)501 -392 y(ha)o(v)o(e)12 b(made)g(an)g(unmapp)q(ed)g(reference)j(|)d(p)q(erhaps)i -(to)f(fast)f(memory)f(or)h(to)h(the)501 441 y(unpaged)h(area)g(in)f(k)o -(ernel)h(mo)q(de.)221 509 y(1)142 b(0)96 b(There)15 b(is)e(a)h(page)g -(failure)f(but)h(the)h(map)d(data)h(is)h(correct)i(as)e(a)f(matc)o(h)g -(exists.)221 577 y(1)142 b(1)96 b(There)18 b(is)f(a)g(page)g(failure,)f(and)h -(since)h(there)h(is)d(no)h(matc)o(h,)g(the)g(failure)g(m)o(ust)501 -627 y(ha)o(v)o(e)g(resulted)i(from)c(the)k(instruction)e(referencing)i(an)f -(inaccessible)g(page)g(or)501 676 y(from)c(some)h(prior)g(failure)h(\(suc)o -(h)g(as)g(a)g(page)g(re\014ll)f(malfunction\).)22 b(Hence)c(A)o(C)501 -726 y(righ)o(t)13 b(con)o(tains)h(in)o(v)n(alid)e(information.)150 -846 y(The)18 b(last)f(three)h(instructions)g(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f(can)g(b)q(e)h -(used)g(to)f(insp)q(ect)i(the)f(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)i(asso)q(ciativ)o -(e)f(memory)m(.)150 895 y(The)c Fx(CONO)f FD(selects)i(a)f(lo)q(cation,)e -(the)j Fx(CONI)e FD(reads)h(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)i(virtual{page)d -(part)i(of)g(that)f(lo)q(cation,)150 945 y(and)h(a)g Fx(MAP)f -FD(that)h(addresses)j(the)d(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(virtual)d(page)h(reads)h(the)g -(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)i(ph)o(ysical{page)e(part)i(of)150 -995 y(that)g(lo)q(cation.)150 1134 y Fz(Previous{Con)n(text)k(Execute)150 -1220 y FD(Ordinarily)g(an)g(instruction)h(in)f(a)g(user)i(program)d(is)h(p)q -(erformed)g(en)o(tirely)h(in)f(user)i(address)g(space,)g(and)e(an)150 -1270 y(instruction)f(in)g(the)g(executiv)o(e)h(program)d(is)i(p)q(erformed)f -(en)o(tirely)h(in)g(executiv)o(e)h(address)g(space.)28 b(But)17 -b(to)g(fa-)150 1319 y(cilitate)c(comm)o(unication)d(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)15 -b(Monitor)f(and)f(users,)i(the)f(executiv)o(e)h(can)f(execute)h(instructions) -g(in)e(whic)o(h)150 1369 y(selected)h(references)i(cross)d(o)o(v)o(er)g(the)g -(b)q(oundary)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g(user)h(and)e(executiv)o(e)i(address)g -(spaces.)19 b(This)12 b(feature)150 1419 y(is)18 b(implemen)o(ted)e(b)o(y)i -(the)g(previous{con)o(text)h(execute,)i(or)d Fx(PX)o(CT)p FD(,)e -(instruction.)31 b(The)19 b(mnemonic)c Fx(PX)o(CT)i FD(is)150 -1469 y(for)g(con)o(v)o(enience)i(only)d(and)h(has)h(no)f(meaning)e(to)i(the)h -(assem)o(bler;)h(it)e(is)g(used)h(simply)d(to)i(indicate)h(an)f -Fx(X)o(CT)150 1519 y FD(with)d(nonzero)g Fu(A)g FD(bits.)k(A)c -Fx(PX)o(CT)f FD(is)h(an)f Fx(X)o(CT)p FD(.)g(Although)h(the)g -Fx(PX)o(CT)f FD(is)g(giv)o(en)h(b)o(y)g(a)f(program)g(in)g(the)h(curren)o(t) -150 1568 y(con)o(text,)k(some)d(of)h(the)i(references)h(made)d(b)o(y)g(the)h -(executed)i(instruction)e(can)g(b)q(e)g(in)f(the)i(previous)f(con)o(text.)150 -1618 y(A)o(t)g(an)o(y)f(p)q(oin)o(t)g(in)g(time,)g(the)h(previous{con)o(text) -h(is)e(essen)o(tially)h(the)g(circumstances)h(in)e(whic)o(h)g(the)i(previous) -150 1668 y(pro)q(cess)e(w)o(as)f(running.)k(A)c Fx(PX)o(CT)e -FD(can)i(b)q(e)g(giv)o(en)f(only)f(in)h(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de,)d(but)i(the)g -(previous{con)o(text)g(ma)o(y)150 1718 y(b)q(e)i(the)f(user,)h(as)g(follo)o -(wing)c(a)j(call)f(to)h(the)h(Monitor)e(b)o(y)h(the)h(user.)25 -b(The)17 b(previous)f(con)o(text)h(can)f(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)g(b)q(e)150 -1768 y(the)f(executiv)o(e,)h(to)e(allo)o(w)f(comm)o(unicatio)o(n)f(b)q(et)o -(w)o(een)k(one)f(lev)o(el)f(of)g(the)h(executiv)o(e)h(program)d(and)h -(another,)h(as)150 1817 y(when)f(the)g(Monitor)e(giv)o(es)h(an)h(MUUO)f(to)g -(itself.)18 b(But)c(note)f(that)h(it)f(is)g(not)g(in)o(tended)h(that)f -Fx(PX)o(CT)f FD(b)q(e)i(used)g(b)o(y)150 1867 y(the)g(Monitor)g(for)f -(unsolicited)h(references)j(to)d(a)f(user)i(program.)150 1953 -y(It)e(is)f(v)o(ery)h(imp)q(ortan)o(t)e(to)h(understand)i(just)f(whic)o(h)g -(op)q(erations)f(are)h(a\013ected)i(b)o(y)d(a)g Fx(PX)o(CT)g -FD(and)g(whic)o(h)g(are)i(not.)150 2003 y(The)j(only)f(di\013erence)j(b)q(et) -o(w)o(een)g(an)d(instruction)h(executed)i(b)o(y)e(a)g Fx(PX)o(CT)e -FD(and)i(an)g(instruction)g(p)q(erformed)f(in)150 2052 y(normal)c -(circumstances)i(is)g(in)f(the)h(w)o(a)o(y)f(certain)h(of)f(its)h(memory)d -(op)q(erand)j(references)j(are)d(made.)j(T)m(o)c(w)o(ork)g(as)150 -2102 y(a)j Fx(PX)o(CT)p FD(,)e(an)i Fx(X)o(CT)g FD(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(giv)o -(en)e(in)h(executiv)o(e)h(mo)q(de,)f(and)g(bits)g(11)g(and)g(12)f(in)h(its)g -Fu(A)g FD(\014eld)h(\(9{12\))e(m)o(ust)150 2152 y(not)j(b)q(oth)g(b)q(e)h(0)e -(\(in)h(user)h(mo)q(de)e Fu(A)h FD(is)g(ignored\).)30 b(But)18 -b(there)i(is)e(otherwise)g(no)g(di\013erence)i(in)e(the)g(w)o(a)o(y)f(the)150 -2202 y Fx(X)o(CT)12 b FD(itself)h(is)g(p)q(erformed:)k(ev)o(erything)c(in)g -(the)g Fx(PX)o(CT)f FD(is)h(done)g(in)g(the)g(curren)o(t)i(\(executiv)o(e\))f -(con)o(text,)g(and)e(the)150 2252 y(instruction)j(to)f(b)q(e)i(executed)g(b)o -(y)f(the)g Fx(X)o(CT)f FD(is)g(fetc)o(hed)i(in)e(the)h(curren)o(t)h(con)o -(text.)21 b(Moreo)o(v)o(er)16 b(in)e(the)h(executed)150 2302 -y(instruction)e(all)e(e\013ectiv)o(e)j(address)g(calculation)d(and)i(accum)o -(ulator)e(references)k(\(sp)q(eci\014ed)f(b)o(y)e(bits)h(9{12)e(of)h(the)150 -2351 y(instruction)18 b(w)o(ord\))f(are)h(in)e(the)i(curren)o(t)h(con)o -(text.)29 b(\(Remem)o(b)q(er)16 b(that)h(the)h(executiv)o(e)g(can)g(alw)o(a)o -(ys)e(access)j(a)150 2401 y(user)e(accum)o(ulator)d(simply)g(b)o(y)i -(addressing)g(it)f(as)h(a)g(fast)f(memory)f(lo)q(cation.\))23 -b(If)15 b(the)h(instruction)h(mak)o(es)d(no)150 2451 y(memory)d(op)q(erand)i -(references,)j(as)d(in)g(a)g(jump,)e(shift)i(or)g(imm)o(ediate)e(mo)q(de)h -(instruction,)h(its)g(execution)h(di\013ers)150 2501 y(in)f(no)h(w)o(a)o(y)f -(from)f(the)j(normal)d(case.)19 b(The)14 b(only)f(di\013erence)j(is)e(in)f -Fy(memory)i(op)n(er)n(and)g(r)n(efer)n(enc)n(es)p FD(.)150 -2586 y(The)d(previous{con)o(text)g(is)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f(t)o(w)o(o)g -(\015ags.)17 b(Just)12 b(as)f(the)h(curren)o(t)h(mo)q(de)d(is)h(indicated)g -(b)o(y)g(the)h(User)g(and)p eop -%%Page: 472 132 -472 131 bop 0 50 a FD(472)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(Public)h(\015ags,)f(the)i(mo)q(de)d(in)i(whic)o(h) -g(the)g(calling)f(program)f(w)o(as)i(running)f(is)h(indicated)g(b)o(y)f -(Previous)i(Con)o(text)0 245 y(User)f(and)f(Previous)h(Con)o(text)g(Public.) -636 230 y Fp(80)690 245 y FD(A)o(t)f(a)g(call)f(these)j(\015ags)e(are)h(set)g -(up)f(b)o(y)g(an)g(MUUO)h(PC)g(w)o(ord.)k(Note)0 295 y(that)12 -b(the)g(restrictions)g(on)g(references)i(made)c(in)h(the)i(previous{con)o -(text)f(are)g(those)g(of)f(the)h(previous{con)o(text)g(|)0 -345 y(not)g(those)h(in)f(whic)o(h)g(the)h Fx(PX)o(CT)e FD(is)h(giv)o(en.)17 -b(Supp)q(ose)c(the)g(executiv)o(e)g(executes)h(an)e(instruction)h(that)f -(references)0 394 y(the)k(concealed)h(user)g(area.)24 b(Suc)o(h)16 -b(a)f(reference)j(w)o(ould)d(fail)g(if)f(Previous)j(Con)o(text)f(Public)f(w)o -(ere)i(set;)g(in)e(other)0 444 y(w)o(ords)j(the)g(concealed)h(area)e(can)h(b) -q(e)g(accessed)i(b)o(y)e(a)f Fx(PX)o(CT)f FD(only)h(when)h(suc)o(h)g(access)i -(is)d(requested)j(b)o(y)d(the)0 494 y(concealed)e(program.)0 -580 y(Whic)o(h)d(references)i(in)e(the)h(executed)h(instruction)e(are)h(made) -d(in)i(the)h(previous)f(con)o(text)h(is)f(determined)g(b)o(y)g(is)f(in)0 -629 y(bit)j(11)f(and)h(12)f(of)h(the)g Fx(PX)o(CT)f FD(instruction)h(w)o(ord) -g(as)g(follo)o(ws:)j(a)c(1)h(in)f(bit)h(12)f(selects)j(read)e(and)g(read{mo)q -(dify{)0 679 y(write)h(memory)e(op)q(erand)i(references;)j(a)c(1)h(in)f(bit)h -(11)f(selects)j(memory)12 b(op)q(erand)k(write)f(references;)j(and)d(is)f(in) -0 729 y(b)q(oth)g(bits)g(selects)i(all)c(memory)g(op)q(erand)i(references.)21 -b(The)15 b(meaning)d(of)h(previous{con)o(text)i(address)g(space)g(is)0 -779 y(ob)o(vious)e(for)g(core)i(memory)c(references,)16 b(namely)c(user)j(or) -e(executiv)o(e)i(virtual)e(address)i(space.)k(But)14 b(this)g(is)f(not)0 -829 y(so)i(for)f(fast)h(memory)m(.)j(When)d(Previous)g(Con)o(text)g(User)h -(is)f(set,)g(the)h(user)g(space)g(for)e(fast)h(memory)d(references)0 -878 y(dep)q(ends)18 b(on)e(whic)o(h)g(fast)g(memory)d(blo)q(c)o(k)j(is)g -(curren)o(tly)h(selected)h(for)e(the)h(user.)26 b(if)15 b(blo)q(c)o(k)h(0)g -(is)g(selected,)i(fast)0 928 y(memory)12 b(op)q(erand)j(references)i(of)d -(the)h(t)o(yp)q(es)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(are)f(made)e(to)h(the)h(user)h(shado)o -(w)e(area.)20 b(If)14 b(some)f(other)0 978 y(blo)q(c)o(k)h(is)f(selected,)j -(the)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(fast)f(memory)e(references)k(are)f(made)d(to)i(the)h -(selected)g(blo)q(c)o(k.)0 1064 y(If)d(Previous)h(Con)o(text)g(User)h(is)e -(clear,)h(fast)f(memory)e(references)16 b(of)11 b(the)j(t)o(yp)q(es)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(are)f(made)e(to)i(the)g(user)0 1113 y(pro)q(cess)j(table,)e(in)g -(particular)g(to)h(that)f(set)i(of)d(sixteen)j(lo)q(cations)e(sp)q(eci\014ed) -i(b)o(y)e(the)h(executiv)o(e)g(stac)o(k)g(p)q(oin)o(ter.)0 -1163 y(The)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(is)g(giv)o(en)g(b)o(y)f(a)h Fx(CONO)f(P)m(A)o -(G,)p FD(.)512 1246 y Fy(Pr)n(evious{Context)i(F)m(ast)g(Memory)g(R)n(efer)n -(enc)n(es)441 1332 y(Pr)n(evious)195 b(F)m(ast)14 b(Memory)h(Blo)n(ck)g(Sele) -n(cte)n(d)398 1381 y(Context)g(User)50 b(Zer)n(o)287 b(Nonzer)n(o)508 -1449 y FD(1)159 b(User)15 b(shado)o(w)e(area)50 b(Selected)16 -b(user)f(blo)q(c)o(k)508 1499 y(0)159 b(A)o(C)14 b(stac)o(k)202 -b(A)o(C)14 b(stac)o(k)0 1583 y FA(Individual)c(Instruction)h(E\013ects.)18 -b FD(The)13 b(e\013ects)h(of)d(execution)i(b)o(y)f(a)g Fx(PX)o(CT)f -FD(on)h(di\013eren)o(t)i(t)o(yp)q(es)f(of)e(instruc-)0 1632 -y(tions)j(are)g(as)g(follo)o(ws.)62 1759 y FB(\017)21 b FD(Instructions)14 -b(without)e(memory)f(op)q(erand)i(references)j(are)e(not)e(a\013ected.)20 -b(This)12 b(includes)i(shifts,)f(jumps,)104 1809 y(imm)o(ediate)g(mo)q(de)g -(instructions,)i Fx(CONSO)p FD(,)f Fx(CONO)p FD(,)f(and)i(ev)o(en)g(an)g -Fx(X)o(CT)p FD(.)e(In)i(fact)g(not)f(only)g(is)h(a)f Fx(PX)o(CT)104 -1859 y FD(not)k(a\013ected)i(when)f(executed)h(b)o(y)e(a)g -Fx(PX)o(CT)p FD(,)f(but)i(the)g(\014rst)g(destro)o(ys)g(an)o(y)f(e\013ect)i -(the)f(second)h(w)o(ould)104 1909 y(otherwise)15 b(ha)o(v)o(e)f(on)g(a)g -(third)g(instruction)g(\(in)g(other)h(w)o(ords,)f(a)g(pair)f(of)h -Fx(PX)o(CT)p FD(s)f(is)h(equiv)n(alen)o(t)g(to)g(a)f(pair)104 -1959 y(of)g(ordinary)g Fx(X)o(CT)p FD(s\).)62 2042 y FB(\017)21 -b FD(Instructions)e(that)f(refer)g(to)g(one)g(memory)d(lo)q(cation)i(for)h -(reading)f(only)g(or)h(reading)g(and)g(writing)f(are)104 2092 -y(con)o(trolled)12 b(b)o(y)h(the)g(read)g(bit)g(\()p Fx(MO)o(VE)p -FD(,)e Fx(MO)o(VES)p FD(,)h Fx(ADDM)p FD(,)g Fx(A)o(OS)p FD(\).)g(The)h(read) -g(bit)g(con)o(trols)f(writing)g(when)104 2141 y(the)h(write)g(is)g(done)g(to) -f(the)h(same)f(lo)q(cation)g(as)h(the)g(read,)g(whether)h(the)f(memory)d -(references)16 b(are)d(done)g(as)104 2191 y(a)g(single)h(cycle)h(including)d -(b)q(oth)i(read)h(and)f(write)g(or)g(as)g(separate)h(read)f(and)g(write)g -(cycles.)62 2274 y FB(\017)21 b FD(Instructions)14 b(that)f(refer)i(to)e(one) -g(memory)e(lo)q(cation)h(for)h(writing)f(only)h(are)g(con)o(trolled)g(b)o(y)g -(the)h(write)f(bit)104 2324 y(\()p Fx(MO)o(VEM)p FD(,)g Fx(MAP)p -FD(,)g Fx(HRLZM)p FD(\).)62 2407 y FB(\017)21 b FD(Instructions)15 -b(that)f(refer)g(to)g(t)o(w)o(o)f(di\013eren)o(t)i(memory)c(lo)q(cations)j -(are)g(con)o(trolled)f(b)o(y)h(the)g(read)h(bit)e(in)g(the)104 -2457 y(read)h(part)g(of)f(the)i(instruction)f(and)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(write)g -(bit)g(in)f(the)i(write)f(part)g(\()p Fx(BL)m(T)p FD(,)f Fx(PUSH)p -FD(\))p 0 2494 720 2 v 31 2521 a Fo(80)64 2532 y Fn(Previous)c(Con)o(text)i -(User)g(and)g(Previous)f(Con)o(text)g(Public)g(are)h(in)g(the)g(same)g -(\015ag)f(bits)h(that)g(are)f(used)h(for)g(User)h(In{Out)e(and)0 -2572 y(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)i(in)g(user)g(mo)q(de.)k(The)c(former)f(has)h(no)g -(meaning)e(in)i(executiv)o(e)e(mo)q(de,)h(and)g(the)h(latter)f(is)h(not)g -(really)f(necessary)f(as)i(the)0 2611 y(executiv)o(e)d(program)g(is)j(not)e -(ordinarily)f(in)o(terested)g(in)i(p)q(erforming)e(extensiv)o(e)g(mathemati)o -(cal)f(pro)q(cedures.)p eop -%%Page: 473 133 -473 132 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(473)212 195 y FB(\017)21 b Fx(BLKI)c FD(and)g -Fx(BLK)o(O)g FD(are)h(con)o(trolled)g(b)o(y)f(the)i(write)f(bit)f(and)g(the)i -(read)f(bit)f(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)31 b(The)18 b(p)q(oin)o(ter)254 -245 y(reference)e(is)e(done)g(in)f(the)i(same)e(address)i(space)g(as)f(the)h -(data)e(transfer.)212 328 y FB(\017)21 b FD(In)12 b(b)o(yte)h(instructions)g -(all)e(p)q(oin)o(ter)i(calculations)f(are)h(done)f(in)g(executiv)o(e)i -(address)g(space.)k(The)13 b(read)g(and)254 378 y(write)h(bits)g(a\013ect)h -(only)e(the)h(second)h(part,)f(i.e.,)e(the)j(load)e(or)h(dep)q(osit.)150 -505 y FA(Philosoph)n(y)p FD(.)25 b(The)17 b(purp)q(ose)i(of)d(the)i -Fx(PX)o(CT)e FD(is)h(to)g(facilitate)f(the)h(handling)f(of)h(user)h -(requiremen)o(ts)f(b)o(y)g(the)150 555 y(Monitor,)g(but)g(the)h(selection)f -(made)f(b)o(y)h(Previous)g(Con)o(text)h(User)g(of)e(the)i(references)i -(a\013ected)e(b)o(y)f(the)g(read)150 604 y(and)e(write)h(bits)g(is)f(to)g -(allo)o(w)f(the)i(Monitor)f(to)g(mak)o(e)f(recursiv)o(e)j(calls)e(to)h -(itself,)f(i.e.,)f(to)h(p)q(erform)g(MUUOs)h(in)150 654 y(the)f(pro)q(cess)g -(of)f(carrying)g(out)f(an)h(MUUO)h(giv)o(en)e(b)o(y)h(the)g(user.)20 -b(Sp)q(eci\014cally)14 b(the)g(state)h(of)e(Previous)i(Con)o(text)150 -704 y(User)f(di\013eren)o(tiates)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)f(the)g(Monitor)e(resp)q -(onse)j(directly)f(to)f(the)g(user)h(MUUO)g(and)f(its)g(resp)q(onse)i(to)e -(its)150 754 y(o)o(wn)g(MUUOs.)150 839 y(The)f(new)g(PC)g(w)o(ord)f(of)g(an)h -(MUUO)g(from)e(the)i(user)h(w)o(ould)d(set)j(Previous)f(Con)o(text)g(User)h -(so)e(that)h(core)g(memory)150 889 y(references)i(can)d(b)q(e)h(made)d -(across)j(the)g(user{executiv)o(e)h(b)q(oundary)m(,)d(and)h(fast)g(memory)e -(references)k(can)f(b)q(e)f(made)150 939 y(to)j(the)g(user)h(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c) -o(k.)18 b(The)c(p)q(oin)o(t)f(in)g(c)o(ho)q(osing)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(the)f -(shado)o(w)g(area)f(and)h(the)g(selected)i(blo)q(c)o(k)d(if)g(not)150 -989 y(blo)q(c)o(k)h(0)g(is)g(to)g(reference)i(the)f(information)c(that)j(w)o -(as)g(held)h(in)e(the)i(user)g(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(k)g(b)q(efore)h(the)g -(Monitor)e(to)q(ok)150 1039 y(o)o(v)o(er.)21 b(If)14 b(the)h(user)h(shared)g -(blo)q(c)o(k)e(0)h(with)f(other)h(users)i(and)d(the)i(Monitor,)e(the)h -(Monitor)f(will)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)h(his)150 1089 y(A)o(Cs)j(in)g -(the)g(shado)o(w)g(area)g(of)f(his)h(address)i(space.)31 b(The)18 -b(other)h(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(ks)g(are)g(not)g(disturb)q(ed)h(when)f(the)150 -1138 y(Monitor)13 b(tak)o(es)h(o)o(v)o(er)f(temp)q(orarily)m(,)e(so)i(the)h -(Monitor)f(need)h(not)f(sa)o(v)o(e)h(them)e(and)h(they)h(will)e(still)g(hold) -h(the)h(user)150 1188 y(information.)150 1274 y(If)i(in)f(the)i(course)g(of)f -(carrying)g(out)g(a)f(user)j(MUUO,)e(the)g(Monitor)g(should)g(itself)f(giv)o -(e)h(an)g(MUUO,)g(the)h(new)150 1324 y(PC)f(w)o(ord)f(w)o(ould)g(clear)h -(Previous)g(Con)o(text)g(User.)25 b(Th)o(us)15 b(at)h(this)g(lev)o(el)f(all)f -(core)j(memory)c(references)18 b(are)e(in)150 1373 y(the)d(executiv)o(e)g -(address)h(space)f(and)f(fast)h(memory)c(references)16 b(are)c(to)h(an)f(A)o -(C)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(in)g(the)h(user)g(pro)q(cess)h(table)150 -1423 y(as)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)e(the)h(executiv)o(e)g(stac)o(k)g(p)q(oin) -o(ter.)k(MUUO)c(calls)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(Monitor)f(to)g(itself)g(can)h(b)q(e)g -(nested)h(to)e(a)150 1473 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(lev)o(els,)g(but)h(in)f -(all)g(cases)i(Previous)f(Con)o(text)g(User)h(is)e(left)g(clear.)19 -b(The)14 b(particular)f(A)o(C)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(used)150 1523 -y(at)h(an)o(y)g(lev)o(el)g(is)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(the)h(stac)o(k)g(p)q -(oin)o(ter,)f(whic)o(h)g(mak)o(es)f(a)h(di\013eren)o(t)i(set)f(of)e(sixteen)j -(w)o(ords)e(a)o(v)n(ailable)150 1573 y(at)g(eac)o(h)g(lev)o(el)g(using)g(the) -g(same)f(adddresses.)21 b(Hence)15 b(the)g(A)o(C)f(stac)o(k)g(in)g(the)g -(user)i(pro)q(cess)f(table)f(is)g(e\013ectiv)o(ely)150 1622 -y(a)g(pushdo)o(wn)h(stac)o(k)g(k)o(ept)g(b)o(y)g(the)g(stac)o(k)g(p)q(oin)o -(ter;)g(at)f(eac)o(h)i(lev)o(el)e(the)h(program)e(m)o(ust)h(c)o(hange)h(the)g -(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(to)150 1672 y(sp)q(ecify)e(the)h(appropriate)f(blo)q(c)o(k.) -k(Eac)o(h)c(user)h(pro)q(cess)h(table)e(w)o(ould)f(con)o(tain)g(the)h(blo)q -(c)o(ks)g(needed)i(for)d(carrying)150 1722 y(out)i(MUUOs)h(for)e(that)h -(user.)150 1808 y Fy(Example)p FD(.)25 b(Supp)q(ose)16 b(that)g(the)h -(Monitor)e(has)i(b)q(een)g(called)e(b)o(y)h(an)g(MUUO)g(from)e(the)j(user)g -(\(hence)g(Previous)150 1857 y(Con)o(text)d(User)h(is)e(set\))i(and)e(wishes) -h(to)g(sa)o(v)o(e)f(the)h(user's)h(A)o(Cs)f(in)f(the)h(shado)o(w)f(area.)18 -b(Assume)c(that)g(ev)o(ery)g(user)150 1907 y(runs)j(with)f(A)o(C)h(blo)q(c)o -(k)f(1,)g(2)g(or)g(3,)h(and)f(that)g(the)h(Monitor)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(sets)h -(up)g(executiv)o(e)h(virtual)d(page)h(342)g(to)150 1957 y(p)q(oin)o(t)d(to)h -(the)g(same)f(ph)o(ysical)g(page)h(as)g(user)h(page)f(0.)j(Using)d(accum)o -(ulator)e(T)i(in)f(blo)q(c)o(k)h(0,)f(the)h(Monitor)f(sa)o(v)o(es)150 -2007 y(the)h(user)h(A)o(Cs)g(b)o(y)e(giving)g(these)i(t)o(w)o(o)e -(instructions,)150 2131 y Fw(MOVEI)21 b(T,342000)216 b(;Initalize)20 -b(pointer:)g(from)h(0)g(to)h(342000)150 2181 y(XCT)65 b(1,[BLT)20 -b(T,342017])150 2341 y FD(and)14 b(restores)i(them)d(with)g(these)j(t)o(w)o -(o.)150 2466 y Fw(MOVSI)21 b(T,342000)216 b(;From)21 b(342000)f(to)i(0)150 -2516 y(XCT)65 b(2,[BLT)20 b(T,17])p eop -%%Page: 474 134 -474 133 bop 0 50 a FD(474)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y Fz(4.3.5)55 b(KA10)19 b(Priorit)n(y)f(In)n(terrupt)0 -307 y FD(Most)d(in{out)e(devices)j(m)o(ust)d(b)q(e)i(serviced)h(infrequen)o -(tly)f(relativ)o(e)f(to)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(sp)q(eed)g(and)e(only)g(a)g -(small)0 357 y(amoun)o(t)d(of)h(pro)q(cessor)i(time)e(is)g(required)i(to)e -(service)i(them,)e(but)h(they)g(m)o(ust)e(b)q(e)j(serviced)g(within)e(a)g -(short)h(time)0 407 y(after)i(they)g(request)h(it.)k(F)m(ailure)14 -b(to)g(service)i(within)e(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(time)d(\(whic)o(h)i(v)n -(aries)f(among)f(devices\))j(can)0 457 y(often)e(result)i(in)e(loss)g(of)g -(information)e(and)i(certainly)g(results)i(in)e(op)q(erating)g(the)h(device)g -(b)q(elo)o(w)g(its)f(maxim)n(um)0 507 y(sp)q(eed.)27 b(The)17 -b(priorit)o(y)e(in)o(terrupt)i(is)f(designed)h(with)f(these)i(considerations) -f(in)f(mind,)f(i.e.,)g(the)i(use)g(of)f(in)o(ter-)0 557 y(ruptions)e(in)f -(the)h(curren)o(t)h(program)e(sequence)i(facilitates)e(concurren)o(t)j(op)q -(eration)d(of)g(the)i(main)c(program)h(and)0 606 y(a)k(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g -(p)q(eripheral)i(devices.)27 b(The)17 b(hardw)o(are)h(also)e(allo)o(ws)f -(conditions)h(in)o(ternal)h(to)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)g(to)0 -656 y(signal)13 b(the)h(program)f(b)o(y)g(requesting)i(an)f(in)o(terrupt.)0 -742 y(In)o(terrupt)k(requests)g(are)f(handled)f(through)g(sev)o(en)i(lev)o -(els)e(arranged)h(in)e(a)h(priorit)o(y)g(c)o(hain,)g(with)g(assignmen)o(t)0 -792 y(of)e(devices)j(to)e(lev)o(els)g(en)o(tirely)g(at)g(the)g(discretion)h -(of)e(the)i(programmer.)j(T)m(o)c(assign)g(a)f(device)i(to)f(a)g(lev)o(el,)f -(the)0 841 y(program)e(sends)j(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g(the)h(lev)o(el)g -(to)f(the)i(device)f(con)o(trol)g(register)h(as)f(part)f(of)h(the)g -(conditions)f(giv)o(en)0 891 y(b)o(y)e(a)h Fx(CONO)e FD(\(usually)h(bits)h -(33{35\).)k(Lev)o(els)d(are)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)f(1{7,)g(with)g(1)h(ha)o -(ving)e(the)j(highest)f(priorit)o(y;)f(a)g(zero)0 941 y(assignmen)o(t)i -(disconnects)j(the)g(device)f(from)d(the)k(in)o(terrupt)f(lev)o(els)f -(altogether.)20 b(An)o(y)15 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(devices)i(can)0 -991 y(b)q(e)g(connected)i(to)d(a)h(single)f(lev)o(el,)h(and)f(some)g(can)h(b) -q(e)g(connected)i(to)d(t)o(w)o(o)h(lev)o(els)f(\(e.g.,)g(a)h(device)g(ma)o(y) -e(signal)0 1041 y(that)g(data)f(is)h(ready)h(on)e(one)h(lev)o(el)g(and)g(use) -g(another)h(lev)o(el)e(to)h(signal)f(that)h(an)f(error)i(has)f(o)q -(ccurred\).)0 1126 y(When)d(a)g(device)h(requires)g(service)h(it)e(sends)h -(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(request)h(signal)d(o)o(v)o(er)h(the)h(in{out)e(bus)i(to) -f(its)g(assigned)0 1176 y(lev)o(el)k(in)g(the)i(pro)q(cessor.)25 -b(The)16 b(pro)q(cessor)h(accepts)g(the)g(request)g(dep)q(ending)f(up)q(on)g -(certain)g(conditions,)f(suc)o(h)0 1226 y(as)f(that)f(the)h(lev)o(el)g(m)o -(ust)e(b)q(e)i(activ)o(e)g(\(on\).)k(The)c(request)h(signal)d(remains)h(on)g -(the)h(bus)g(un)o(til)f(turned)i(o\013)e(b)o(y)g(the)0 1276 -y(program)i(\()p Fx(CONO)p FD(,)g Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)p FD(,)e(or)j -Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)p FD(,)e(dep)q(ending)j(on)f(the)h(device\).)26 -b(Th)o(us)17 b(if)e(a)h(request)i(is)e(not)g(accepted)0 1325 -y(when)h(made,)f(it)h(will)e(b)q(e)i(accepted)i(when)e(the)h(conditions)e -(are)h(satis\014ed.)28 b(A)17 b(single)f(lev)o(el)h(will)e(sh)o(ut)i(out)g -(all)0 1375 y(others)d(of)f(lo)o(w)o(er)g(priorit)o(y)g(if)f(ev)o(ery)i(time) -e(its)h(service)i(routine)f(dismisses)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt,)f(a)g(device)h -(assigned)g(to)0 1425 y(it)f(is)g(already)g(w)o(aiting)e(with)i(another)h -(request.)19 b(The)14 b(program)d(can)j(usually)e(trigger)h(a)g(request)i -(from)c(a)i(device)0 1475 y(but)h(dela)o(y)f(its)h(acceptance)i(b)o(y)e -(turning)g(on)f(the)i(lev)o(el)e(later)0 1560 y(The)k(request)g(signal)f(is)g -(generally)g(deriv)o(ed)g(from)f(a)h(\015ag)f(that)i(is)f(set)h(b)o(y)f(v)n -(arious)f(conditions)h(in)g(the)h(device.)0 1610 y(Often)j(asso)q(ciated)g -(with)f(these)h(\015ags)f(are)h(enabling)e(\015ags,)i(where)g(the)g(setting)g -(of)e(some)h(device)h(condition)0 1660 y(\015ag)c(can)h(request)i(an)d(in)o -(terrupt)i(on)e(the)h(assigned)h(lev)o(el)e(only)g(if)g(the)h(asso)q(ciated)h -(enabling)e(\015ag)g(is)g(also)h(set.)0 1710 y(The)e(enabling)f(\015ags)h -(are)g(in)g(turn)g(con)o(trolled)g(b)o(y)f(the)i(conditions)e(supplied)h(to)g -(the)g(device)h(b)o(y)e(a)h Fx(CONO)p FD(.)e(F)m(or)0 1760 -y(example,)c(a)h(device)h(ma)o(y)e(ha)o(v)o(e)h(half)f(a)h(dozen)h(\015ags)f -(to)h(indicate)f(v)n(arious)f(in)o(ternal)h(conditions)g(that)h(ma)o(y)d -(require)0 1809 y(service)k(b)o(y)e(an)h(in)o(terrupt;)h(b)o(y)e(setting)h -(up)g(the)g(asso)q(ciated)h(enabling)e(\015ags,)g(the)i(program)d(can)h -(determine)h(whic)o(h)0 1859 y(conditions)j(shall)f(actually)g(request)i(in)o -(terrupts)g(in)f(an)o(y)f(giv)o(en)g(circumstances.)0 1945 -y(Ha)o(ving)e(accepted)j(a)d(request,)j(the)f(pro)q(cessor)h(will)c(do)i -(nothing)f(further)i(with)f(it)f(unless)i(the)g(priorit)o(y)e(in)o(terrupt)0 -1995 y(system)j(is)g(on.)19 b(But)14 b(ev)o(en)h(with)f(the)h(system)f -(o\013,)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(will)d(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(to)g(accept)h -(requests)h(on)e(other)0 2044 y(lev)o(els;)f(and)f(when)h(the)g(system)f(is)h -(\014nally)e(turned)i(on,)f(it)h(will)e(resp)q(ond)i(as)g(though)f(all)f -(requests)k(had)d(just)h(b)q(een)0 2094 y(accepted,)i(handling)e(the)h -(highest)h(priorit)o(y)e(one)h(\014rst.)0 2180 y FA(Starting)f(an)j(In)o -(terrupt.)g FD(A)e(request)h(made)e(to)h(an)g(activ)o(e)g(lev)o(el)f(is)h -(accepted)i(at)e(the)g(next)h(memory)c(access)0 2230 y(unless)j(the)g(pro)q -(cessor)i(is)d(starting)g(an)h(in)o(terrupt)g(for)f(an)o(y)g(lev)o(el)g(or)g -(holding)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(for)f(the)h(same)f(lev)o(el.)0 -2279 y(Once)j(a)f(request)h(is)f(accepted)h(with)f(the)h(system)e(on,)h(the)g -(lev)o(el)g(m)o(ust)e(w)o(ait)i(for)f(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f(to)g(start.)22 -b(The)0 2329 y(pro)q(cessor)e(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)e(cannot)g(start)h(an)f(in)o -(terrupt)h(if)e(it)g(is)h(already)g(holding)f(an)g(in)o(terrupt)i(for)f(a)g -(lev)o(el)f(with)0 2379 y(priorit)o(y)i(higher)g(than)h(those)g(on)f(whic)o -(h)g(requests)j(ha)o(v)o(e)d(b)q(een)i(accepted)g(\(in)e(other)h(w)o(ords)g -(if)e(the)i(curren)o(t)0 2429 y(program)14 b(is)i(a)g(higher)g(priorit)o(y)g -(in)o(terrupt)g(routine\).)25 b(When)16 b(there)i(is)e(a)g(higher)g(priorit)o -(y)f(lev)o(el)h(w)o(aiting,)e(the)0 2479 y(pro)q(cessor)i(stops)f(the)g -(curren)o(t)g(rogram)e(at)h(the)g(\014rst)h(allo)o(w)o(able)e(p)q(oin)o(t)g -(to)h(start)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(for)f(the)g(w)o(aiting)0 -2529 y(lev)o(el)d(that)g(has)g(highest)g(priorit)o(y)m(.)16 -b(Allo)o(w)o(able)9 b(stopping)h(p)q(oin)o(ts)h(are)h(follo)o(wing)c(the)j -(retriev)n(al)g(of)f(an)h(instruction,)0 2578 y(follo)o(wing)i(the)j(retriev) -n(al)f(of)g(an)h(address)g(w)o(ord)g(in)f(an)g(e\013ectiv)o(e)i(address)g -(calculation)d(\(including)h(the)h(second)0 2628 y(calculation)j(using)g(the) -h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(in)f(a)g(b)o(yte)h(instruction\),)i(and)d(b)q(et)o(w)o(een) -i(transfers)g(in)e(a)g(BL)m(T.)g(When)h(an)p eop -%%Page: 475 135 -475 134 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(475)150 195 y(in)o(terrupt)13 b(starts,)g(PC)f(p)q(oin)o(ts)f -(to)h(the)h(in)o(terrupted)g(instruction,)f(so)g(that)g(a)g(correct)h(return) -g(can)g(later)f(b)q(e)g(made)150 245 y(to)i(the)g(in)o(terrupted)h(program.) -150 330 y(Tw)o(o)e(memory)f(lo)q(cations)h(are)h(asso)q(ciated)h(with)e(eac)o -(h)i(lev)o(el:)i(unrelo)q(cated)e(lo)q(cations)f(40)8 b(+)i(2)p -Fu(N)18 b FD(and)c(41)8 b(+)i(2)p Fu(N)5 b FD(,)150 380 y(where)17 -b Fu(N)k FD(is)16 b(the)g(lev)o(el)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)23 b(Lev)o(el)16 -b(1)g(uses)h(lo)q(cations)f(42)f(and)h(43,)f(lev)o(el)h(2)g(uses)h(44)e(and)h -(45,)f(and)h(so)g(on)150 430 y(to)i(lev)o(el)f(7)h(whic)o(h)f(uses)i(56)e -(and)h(57.)29 b(The)18 b(pro)q(cessor)i(starts)f(an)e(in)o(terrupt)i(for)e -(lev)o(el)h Fu(N)k FD(b)o(y)c(executing)g(the)150 480 y(instruction)13 -b(in)g(lo)q(cation)f(40)7 b(+)h(2)p Fu(N)d FD(.)17 b(In)o(terrupt)d(lo)q -(cations)f(for)g(a)f(second)j(pro)q(cessor)f(on)f(the)h(same)e(memory)f(are) -150 530 y(140)c(+)g(2)p Fu(N)16 b FD(and)c(141)7 b(+)g(2)p -Fu(N)e FD(.)16 b(Ev)o(en)d(though)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)i(in) -f(user)i(mo)q(de)d(when)i(an)g(in)o(terrupt)g(o)q(ccurs,)150 -580 y(in)o(terrupt)i(instructions)f(are)h(p)q(erformed)e(in)h(executiv)o(e)h -(mo)q(de.)150 665 y FA(In)o(terrupt)8 b(Instructions.)14 b -FD(An)c(instruction)h(executed)h(in)e(resp)q(onse)i(to)e(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i -(request)h(and)e(not)g(under)150 715 y(con)o(trol)h(of)h(PC)f(is)h(referred)h -(to)f(elsewhere)i(in)d(this)h(man)o(ual)d(as)j(b)q(eing)f(\\executed)j(as)d -(an)h(in)o(terrupt)g(instruction.")150 765 y(Some)i(instructions,)j(when)f -(so)g(executed,)h(ha)o(v)o(e)e(di\013eren)o(t)i(e\013ects)h(than)d(they)h(do) -g(when)g(p)q(erformed)f(in)g(other)150 815 y(circumstances.)29 -b(And)17 b(the)h(di\013erence)h(is)e(not)g(due)h(merely)e(to)h(b)q(eing)g(p)q -(erformed)g(in)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(lo)q(cation)150 864 y(or)g(in)g(resp)q -(onse)i(\(b)o(y)f(the)f(program\))f(to)h(an)h(in)o(terrupt.)32 -b(T)m(o)17 b(b)q(e)i(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(instruction,)h(an)e(instruction)150 -914 y(m)o(ust)13 b(b)q(e)i(executed)h(in)d(lo)q(cation)g(40)c(+)h(2)p -Fu(N)18 b FD(or)c(41)9 b(+)h(2)p Fu(N)5 b FD(,)13 b(in)g(direct)i(resp)q -(onse)h(b)o(y)e(the)h(hardw)o(are)f(\(rather)h(than)150 964 -y(b)o(y)i(the)i(program\))d(to)h(a)h(request)h(on)e(lev)o(el)h(N.)f -FB(x)p FD(2.18)g(describ)q(es)j(the)e(t)o(w)o(o)f(w)o(a)o(ys)g(a)h -Fx(BLK)o(O)f FD(is)g(p)q(erformed.)29 b(If)150 1014 y(a)17 -b Fx(BLK)o(O)g FD(is)g(con)o(tained)g(in)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(routine)g -(called)f(b)o(y)g(a)g Fx(JSR)p FD(,)f(it)h(is)g(not)h(\\executed)h(as)e(an)g -(in)o(terrupt)150 1064 y(instruction")e(ev)o(en)h(in)f(the)g(unlik)o(ely)f -(ev)o(en)o(t)i(the)g(routine)f(is)g(stored)h(within)e(the)i(in)o(terrupt)g -(lo)q(cations)e(and)h(the)150 1113 y Fx(BLK)o(O)e FD(is)h(executed)i(b)o(y)d -(an)h Fx(X)o(CT)p FD(.)f(There)i(are)f(t)o(w)o(o)f(categories)i(of)f(in)o -(terrupt)g(instructions.)212 1240 y FB(\017)21 b Fy(Non{I/O)d(Instructions.) -25 b FD(After)17 b(executing)g(a)f(non-I/O)g(in)o(terrupt)h(instruction,)g -(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(holds)254 1290 y(an)12 b(in)o(terrupt)h(on)f(the)h(lev) -o(el)f(and)g(returns)i(con)o(trol)e(to)g(PC.)g(Hence)h(the)g(instruction)g -(is)f(usually)g(a)f(jump)g(to)254 1340 y(a)i(service)i(routine.)j(If)13 -b(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(is)e(in)g(user)h(mo)q(de)f(and)g(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g -(instruction)g(is)f(a)g Fx(JSR)p FD(,)f Fx(JSP)p FD(,)254 1390 -y Fx(PUSHJ)p FD(,)g Fx(JSA)p FD(,)g(or)h Fx(JRST)p FD(,)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor) -h(lea)o(v)o(es)e(user)i(mo)q(de)d(\(the)i(Monitor)f(th)o(us)h(handles)f(all)f -(in)o(terrupt)254 1440 y(routines\).)254 1506 y(If)d(the)h(in)o(terrupt)h -(instruction)f(is)f(not)h(a)f(jump,)f(the)j(pro)q(cessor)g(con)o(tin)o(ues)f -(the)h(in)o(terrupted)f(program)e(while)254 1556 y(holding)13 -b(an)h(in)o(terrupt)i(|)e(in)g(other)h(w)o(ords)g(it)f(no)o(w)g(treats)h(the) -h(in)o(terrupted)f(program)e(as)i(an)f(in)o(terrupt)254 1606 -y(routine.)22 b(F)m(or)15 b(example,)e(the)j(instruction)g(migh)o(t)d(just)i -(mo)o(v)o(e)f(a)h(w)o(ord)g(to)g(a)g(particular)g(lo)q(cation.)21 -b(Suc)o(h)254 1656 y(pro)q(cedures)16 b(are)e(usually)f(reserv)o(ed)j(for)e -(main)o(tenance)f(routines)h(or)g(v)o(ery)g(sophisticated)h(programs.)212 -1739 y FB(\017)21 b Fy(Blo)n(ck)13 b(or)g(Data)h(I/O)f(Instructions.)18 -b FD(One)13 b(or)f(the)g(other)h(of)f(t)o(w)o(o)f(actions)h(can)h(result)g -(from)d(executing)j(one)254 1788 y(of)g(these)i(as)f(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h -(instruction.)345 1880 y(If)g(the)i(instruction)f(in)f(40)10 -b(+)g(2)p Fu(N)21 b FD(is)15 b(a)h Fx(BLKI)f FD(or)g Fx(BLK)o(O)g -FD(and)h(the)g(blo)q(c)o(k)f(is)h(not)f(\014nished)i(\(i.e.,)d(the)345 -1930 y(coun)o(t)i(do)q(es)h(not)f(cause)h(the)f(left)g(half)f(of)g(the)i(p)q -(oin)o(ter)f(to)f(reac)o(h)i(zero\),)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)g(dismisses)345 -1979 y(the)i(in)o(terrupt)g(and)g(returns)h(to)e(the)h(in)o(terrupted)h -(program.)30 b(The)19 b(same)e(action)h(results)i(if)d(the)345 -2029 y(instruction)d(is)g(a)g Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)e FD(or)h Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o -(O)p FD(.)345 2096 y(If)19 b(the)g(instruction)g(in)g(40)12 -b(+)h(2)p Fu(N)23 b FD(is)c(a)g Fx(BLKI)f FD(or)h Fx(BLK)o(O)f -FD(and)h(the)g(coun)o(t)g(do)q(es)h(reac)o(h)g(zero,)g(the)345 -2145 y(pro)q(cessor)14 b(executes)f(the)g(instruction)f(in)f(lo)q(cation)g -(41)5 b(+)g(2)p Fu(N)g FD(.)16 b(This)11 b(cannot)h(b)q(e)h(an)e(I/O)h -(instruction)345 2195 y(and)i(the)g(actions)f(that)h(result)h(from)c(its)j -(execution)h(as)e(an)h(in)o(terrupt)g(instruction)g(are)g(those)g(giv)o(en) -345 2245 y(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g(for)f(non{I/O)h(instructions.)967 -2371 y Fz(CA)n(UTION)345 2446 y FD(The)f(execution,)f(as)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt) -h(instruction,)f(of)g(a)f Fx(CONO)p FD(,)g Fx(CONI)p FD(,)g -Fx(CONSO)p FD(,)f(or)i Fx(CONSZ)g FD(in)345 2496 y(lo)q(cation)g(40)6 -b(+)g(2)p Fu(N)16 b FD(or)d(an)o(y)f(I/O)g(instruction)h(in)e(lo)q(cation)h -(41)6 b(+)g(2)p Fu(N)17 b FD(hangs)12 b(up)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)p -eop -%%Page: 476 136 -476 135 bop 0 50 a FD(476)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FA(In)o(terrupt)g(Programming.)20 b -FD(The)15 b(program)f(can)h(con)o(trol)g(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(system)f(b)o(y) -g(means)f(of)h(condition)0 245 y(I/O)f(instructions.)19 b(The)14 -b(device)h(co)q(de)f(is)g(004,)f(mnemonic)e(PI.)p 0 496 1495 -4 v 0 421 V -2 494 4 75 v 1493 494 V 538 494 V 579 494 V 746 -494 V 12 526 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)548 471 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)0 388 y Fk(CONO)17 b(PI,)94 -b(Conditions)21 b(Out,)d(Prio)n(rit)n(y)i(Interrupt)218 470 -y FD(70060)0 622 y(P)o(erform)c(the)h(functions)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)f -(the)g(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(conditions)e Fu(E)j FD(as)d(sho)o(wn)h(\(a)f(1)h(in)f -(a)g(bit)g(pro)q(duces)i(the)0 671 y(indicated)c(function,)f(a)h(0)f(has)h -(no)g(e\013ect\).)p 0 992 1495 2 v 0 805 V -1 991 2 187 v 1494 -991 V 18 856 a Fp(Clr)12 889 y(Pwr)14 921 y(F)m(ail)10 954 -y(Flag)p 82 991 V 102 857 a(Clr)99 889 y(P)o(ar)100 921 y(Err)93 -954 y(Flag)p 165 991 V 176 840 a(Dis{)178 872 y(able)p 248 -888 2 84 v 248 991 2 21 v 262 840 a(En{)261 872 y(able)174 -917 y(P)o(arit)o(y)e(Err)183 955 y(In)o(terrupt)p 331 991 2 -187 v 427 991 V 437 858 a(Clear)458 890 y(PI)443 922 y(Sys{)448 -958 y(tem)p 522 991 V 557 981 a(Selected)f(Lev)o(els)532 833 -y(Mak)o(e)531 866 y(Prgm)543 904 y(Req)549 941 y(On)p 618 950 -2 146 v 631 871 a(T)m(urn)644 903 y(On)p 713 950 V 726 871 -a(T)m(urn)739 904 y(O\013)p 809 991 2 187 v 888 930 a(PI)853 -963 y(System)822 840 y(T)m(urn)835 872 y(O\013)p 904 888 2 -84 v 917 840 a(T)m(urn)931 872 y(On)1122 851 y Fn(Select)f(Lev)o(els)h(for) -1148 899 y(Bits)g(24,25,26)p 1000 991 2 187 v 1027 977 a(1)p -1070 991 2 50 v 52 w(2)p 1141 991 V 53 w(3)p 1211 991 V 53 -w(4)p 1282 991 V 52 w(5)p 1352 991 V 53 w(6)p 1423 991 V 52 -w(7)24 1023 y(18)47 b(19)g(20)p 248 1004 2 13 v 47 w(21)53 -b(22)60 b(23)p 522 1004 V 59 w(24)g(25)f(26)p 809 1004 V 60 -w(27)g(28)47 b(29)p 1070 1004 V 35 w(30)34 b(31)h(32)p 1282 -1004 V 34 w(33)g(34)f(35)0 1181 y FD(Bits)14 b(18{21)f(are)h(actually)f(for)h -(pro)q(cessor)h(conditions)f(\()p FB(x)q FD(4.3.6\))0 1248 -y(20)49 b(Prev)o(en)o(t)16 b(the)f(setting)f(of)g(the)h(P)o(arit)o(y)e(Error) -i(\015ag)f(from)f(requesting)i(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(on)f(the)h(lev)o(el)f -(assigned)91 1298 y(to)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor.)0 1384 y(21)49 -b(Enable)14 b(the)h(setting)f(of)g(the)g(P)o(arit)o(y)g(Error)g(\015ag)g(to)f -(request)j(an)e(in)o(terrupt)g(on)g(the)h(lev)o(el)e(assigned)i(to)e(the)91 -1434 y(pro)q(cessor.)0 1519 y(23)49 b(Deactiv)n(ate)12 b(the)g(priorit)o(y)f -(in)o(terrupt)i(system,)e(turn)i(o\013)e(all)g(lev)o(els,)g(eliminate)f(all)h -(in)o(terrupt)h(requests)i(that)91 1569 y(ha)o(v)o(e)h(already)g(b)q(een)h -(accepted)h(but)e(are)g(still)f(w)o(aiting,)f(and)i(dismiss)f(all)g(in)o -(terrupts)i(that)f(are)g(curren)o(tly)91 1619 y(b)q(eing)f(held.)0 -1704 y(24)49 b(Request)13 b(in)o(terrupts)g(on)f(lev)o(els)g(selected)i(b)o -(y)d(is)h(in)g(bits)g(29{35,)e(and)i(force)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(to)e -(accept)h(them)91 1754 y(ev)o(en)g(on)g(lev)o(els)f(that)g(are)h(o\013.)18 -b(There)13 b(is)f(at)h(most)e(one)h(in)o(terrupt)i(on)e(a)g(giv)o(en)g(lev)o -(el,)g(and)g(a)g(request)i(is)e(lost)91 1804 y(if)h(it)h(is)g(made)e(b)o(y)i -(this)g(means)f(to)h(a)f(lev)o(el)h(on)g(whic)o(h)f(an)h(in)o(terrupt)h(is)e -(already)h(b)q(eing)g(held.)0 1890 y(25)49 b(T)m(urn)14 b(on)g(the)g(lev)o -(els)g(selected)i(b)o(y)e(is)f(in)h(bits)g(29{35)e(so)i(in)o(terrupt)h -(requests)h(can)e(b)q(e)g(accepted)i(on)e(them.)0 1975 y(26)49 -b(T)m(urn)18 b(o\013)f(the)h(lev)o(els)f(selected)i(b)o(y)f(is)f(in)g(bits)g -(29{35,)g(so)g(in)o(terrupt)h(requests)i(cannot)d(b)q(e)h(accepted)h(on)91 -2025 y(them)13 b(unless)i(made)e(b)o(y)g(a)h Fx(CONO)f(PI,)f -FD(with)i(a)f(1)h(in)g(bit)f(24.)0 2110 y(27)49 b(Deactiv)n(ate)16 -b(the)g(priorit)o(y)f(in)o(terrupt)h(system.)24 b(The)16 b(pro)q(cessor)h -(can)f(then)g(still)f(accept)i(requests,)g(but)f(it)91 2160 -y(can)e(neither)h(start)g(nor)f(dismiss)e(an)i(in)o(terrupt.)0 -2246 y(28)49 b(Activ)n(ate)14 b(the)f(priorit)o(y)g(in)o(terrupt)h(system)f -(so)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(can)e(accept)i(requests)g(and)e(can)g(start,)h -(hold)91 2296 y(and)g(dismiss)f(in)o(terrupts.)p 0 2562 1495 -4 v 0 2488 V -2 2561 4 75 v 1493 2561 V 538 2561 V 579 2561 -V 746 2561 V 12 2592 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 2538 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)0 2454 y Fk(CONI)18 -b(PI,)117 b(Conditions)21 b(In,)e(Prio)n(rit)n(y)h(Interrupt)218 -2537 y FD(70064)p eop -%%Page: 477 137 -477 136 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(477)150 195 y(Read)15 b(the)h(status)g(of)f(the)g(priorit)o -(y)g(in)o(terrupt)h(\(and)f(sev)o(eral)h(bits)f(of)g(pro)q(cessor)i -(conditions\))e(in)o(to)g(lo)q(cation)f Fu(E)150 245 y FD(as)g(sho)o(wn.)p -150 555 1495 2 v 149 555 2 187 v 150 369 1495 2 v 1644 555 -2 187 v 398 567 2 13 v 647 567 V 896 567 V 1145 567 V 1394 -567 V 175 585 a Fp(18)p 232 555 2 187 v -34 w(18)p 149 555 -V 154 455 a Fd(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)168 482 y(F)n(ail)258 585 y Fp(19)p -315 555 V -34 w(19)p 232 555 V 236 453 a Fd(P)o(arit)o(y)241 -484 y(Error)341 585 y Fp(20)p 398 555 V -34 w(20)p 315 555 -V 319 413 a Fd(P)o(arit)o(y)324 444 y(Error)339 470 y(In)o(t)333 -497 y(En{)324 524 y(abled)922 585 y Fp(27)p 979 513 2 146 v --532 w(21)p 398 513 V 527 431 a Fn(In)o(terrupt)9 b(in)j(Progress)618 -473 y(on)f(Lev)o(els)424 585 y Fp(21)p 481 555 2 42 v -34 w(21)p -398 555 V 432 545 a Fn(1)507 585 y Fp(22)p 564 555 V -34 w(22)p -481 555 V 515 545 a Fn(2)590 585 y Fp(23)p 647 555 V -34 w(23)p -564 555 V 598 545 a Fn(3)673 585 y Fp(24)p 730 555 V -34 w(24)p -647 555 V 681 545 a Fn(4)756 585 y Fp(25)p 813 555 V -34 w(25)p -730 555 V 764 545 a Fn(5)839 585 y Fp(26)p 896 555 V -34 w(26)p -813 555 V 847 545 a Fn(6)922 585 y Fp(27)p 979 555 V -34 w(27)p -896 555 V 930 545 a Fn(7)1005 585 y Fp(28)p 1062 555 2 187 -v -34 w(28)p 979 555 V 1005 421 a(PI)989 453 y(Sys{)994 489 -y(tem)1000 521 y(On)1586 585 y(35)p 1644 513 2 146 v -615 w(28)p -979 513 V 1166 449 a Fn(Lev)o(els)g(On)h(\(Activ)o(e\))1088 -585 y Fp(29)p 1145 555 2 42 v -34 w(29)p 1062 555 V 1096 545 -a Fn(1)1171 585 y Fp(30)p 1228 555 V -34 w(30)p 1145 555 V -1179 545 a Fn(2)1254 585 y Fp(31)p 1311 555 V -34 w(31)p 1228 -555 V 1262 545 a Fn(3)1337 585 y Fp(32)p 1394 555 V -34 w(32)p -1311 555 V 1345 545 a Fn(4)1420 585 y Fp(33)p 1478 555 V -34 -w(33)p 1394 555 V 1428 545 a Fn(5)1503 585 y Fp(34)p 1561 555 -V -34 w(34)p 1478 555 V 1511 545 a Fn(6)1586 585 y Fp(35)p -1644 555 V -34 w(35)p 1561 555 V 1594 545 a Fn(7)150 744 y -FD(Lev)o(els)20 b(that)h(are)f(on)g(are)g(indicated)g(b)o(y)g(1s)g(in)g(bits) -g(29{35;)h(1s)f(in)g(bits)g(21{27)e(indicate)i(lev)o(els)g(on)g(whic)o(h)150 -794 y(in)o(terrupts)15 b(are)f(curren)o(tly)h(b)q(eing)f(held.)k(A)c(1)g(in)f -(bit)h(28)f(means)g(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f(system)g(is)g(on.)150 -879 y(The)f(remaining)d(conditions)h(read)i(b)o(y)f(this)g(instruction)h(ha)o -(v)o(e)f(nothing)f(to)h(do)g(with)g(the)g(in)o(terrupt.)19 -b(Bits)12 b(18{20)150 929 y(actually)h(read)h(pro)q(cessor)i(status)f -(conditions)e(\()p FB(x)q FD(4.3.6\))f(as)i(follo)o(ws.)150 -997 y(18)49 b(A)o(C)12 b(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)g(has)h(failed.)j(The)c(program)f -(should)g(sa)o(v)o(e)h(PC,)g(the)h(\015ags)e(and)h(fast)g(memory)e(in)h -(core,)i(and)f(halt)241 1047 y(the)17 b(pro)q(cessor.)25 b(Note)16 -b(that)g(PC)g(ma)o(y)e(p)q(oin)o(t)h(to)h(an)g(in)o(terrupt)g(service)h -(routine)f(rather)h(than)f(the)g(main)241 1096 y(program.)241 -1164 y(The)f(setting)f(of)f(this)h(\015ag)f(requests)j(an)e(in)o(terrupt)h -(on)e(the)i(lev)o(el)e(assigned)h(to)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor.)k(If)14 -b(the)g(\015ag)241 1214 y(remains)f(set)i(for)f(5)f(ms,)f(the)j(pro)q(cessor) -h(is)d(cleared.)150 1300 y(19)49 b(A)16 b(w)o(ord)f(with)g(ev)o(en)i(parit)o -(y)d(has)i(b)q(een)h(read)f(from)d(core)k(memory)m(.)j(If)15 -b(bit)g(20)g(is)g(set,)h(the)h(setting)e(of)g(the)241 1349 -y(P)o(arit)o(y)d(Error)h(\015ag)e(requests)j(an)e(in)o(terrupt)h(on)f(the)h -(lev)o(el)e(assigned)i(to)f(the)g(pro)q(cessor,)i(at)e(whic)o(h)g(time)f(PC) -241 1399 y(p)q(oin)o(ts)j(to)g(the)g(instruction)h(b)q(eing)e(p)q(erformed)h -(or)g(to)g(the)g(one)g(follo)o(wing)d(it.)150 1503 y FA(Dismissin)o(g)g(an)i -(In)o(terrupt.)i FD(Automatic)c(dismissal)f(of)h(an)h(in)o(terrupt)h(o)q -(ccurs)g(only)e(in)h(a)g Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)e FD(or)i Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)p -FD(,)150 1552 y(or)19 b(in)g(a)f Fx(BLKI)h FD(or)g Fx(BLK)o(O)f -FD(with)h(an)g(incomplete)f(blo)q(c)o(k.)33 b(F)m(ollo)o(wing)16 -b(an)o(y)j(non{I/O)f(in)o(terrupt)i(instruction,)150 1602 y(the)g(pro)q -(cessor)h(holds)f(an)f(in)o(terrupt)h(un)o(til)f(the)h(program)d(dismisses)i -(it,)h(ev)o(en)h(if)d(the)i(in)o(terrupt)g(routine)g(is)150 -1652 y(itself)f(in)o(terrupted)h(b)o(y)f(a)g(higher)g(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o -(el.)33 b(Th)o(us)19 b(in)o(terrupts)i(can)e(b)q(e)h(held)f(on)f(a)h(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)f(of)h(lev)o(els)150 1702 y(sim)o(ultaneously)m(,)13 -b(but)i(from)e(the)j(time)e(an)h(in)o(terrupt)h(is)f(started)h(un)o(til)f(it) -g(is)g(dismissed,)f(no)h(in)o(terrupt)h(can)f(b)q(e)150 1752 -y(started)k(on)f(that)h(lev)o(el)f(or)g(an)o(y)g(lev)o(el)g(of)f(lo)o(w)o(er) -h(priorit)o(y)g(\(requests,)j(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)e(can)f(b)q(e)h(accepted)h -(on)e(lo)o(w)o(er)150 1801 y(priorit)o(y)13 b(lev)o(els\).)150 -1887 y(A)i(routine)g(dismisses)f(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f(b)o(y)g(using)g(a)f -Fx(JEN)h FD(\()p Fx(JRST)f(12,)p FD(\))h(to)f(return)i(to)f(the)g(in)o -(terrupted)i(program)150 1937 y(\(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(system)g(m)o(ust)e(b)q -(e)i(on)f(when)h(the)g Fx(JEN)f FD(is)g(giv)o(en\).)29 b(This)17 -b(instruction)h(restores)h(the)f(lev)o(el)f(on)150 1987 y(whic)o(h)h(the)g -(in)o(terrupt)g(is)g(b)q(eing)g(held,)g(so)g(it)f(can)h(again)f(accept)i -(requests,)h(and)e(in)o(terrupts)g(can)g(b)q(e)h(started)150 -2036 y(on)c(it)g(and)f(lo)o(w)o(er)h(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(els.)22 -b Fx(JEN)15 b FD(also)f(restores)j(the)f(\015ags,)f(whose)g(states)i(w)o(ere) -f(sa)o(v)o(ed)f(in)f(the)i(left)f(half)150 2086 y(of)g(the)h(PC)f(w)o(ord)g -(if)g(the)h(routine)f(w)o(as)g(called)g(b)o(y)g(a)g Fx(JSR)p -FD(,)g Fx(JSP)p FD(,)f(or)h Fx(PUSHJ)p FD(.)f(In)h(the)h(unlik)o(ely)e(ev)o -(en)o(t)i(that)f(\015ag)150 2136 y(restoration)f(is)g(not)g(desired,)g(a)g -Fx(JRST)g(10,)e FD(can)j(b)q(e)f(used)h(instead.)915 2254 y -Fz(CA)n(UTION)254 2345 y FD(An)f(in)o(terrupt)h(routine)f(m)o(ust)f(dismiss)g -(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f(when)h(it)f(returns)h(to)f(the)h(in)o(terrupted)g(pro-) -254 2395 y(gram,)d(or)j(its)f(lev)o(el)g(and)h(all)e(lev)o(els)h(of)g(lo)o(w) -o(er)g(priorit)o(y)g(will)f(b)q(e)i(disabled,)f(and)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i -(will)254 2445 y(treat)d(the)h(new)f(program)e(as)i(a)g(con)o(tin)o(uation)f -(of)g(the)i(in)o(terrupt)f(routine.)150 2599 y FA(Timing.)j -FD(The)d(time)f(a)h(device)h(m)o(ust)e(w)o(ait)g(for)h(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i -(to)f(start)h(dep)q(ends)g(on)f(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g(lev)o(els)h(in)p -eop -%%Page: 478 138 -478 137 bop 0 50 a FD(478)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(use,)j(and)e(ho)o(w)h(long)e(the)j(service)g -(routines)f(are)g(for)g(devices)h(on)e(higher)h(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(els.)24 -b(If)15 b(only)g(one)h(device)0 245 y(is)f(using)f(in)o(terrupts,)i(it)f -(need)h(nev)o(er)g(w)o(ait)e(longer)h(than)g(the)g(time)f(required)i(for)e -(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(to)d(\014nish)h(the)0 295 y(instruction)c(that)g(is)g -(b)q(eing)g(p)q(erformed)g(when)h(the)f(request)i(is)e(made.)16 -b(The)11 b(maxim)n(um)c(time)j(can)h(b)q(e)h(considered)0 345 -y(to)i(b)q(e)g(ab)q(out)g(15)d Fu(\026)p FD(s)j(for)g Fx(FD)o(VL)p -FD(,)f(but)h(a)f(ridiculously)g(long)g(shift)h(could)g(tak)o(e)g(o)o(v)o(er)f -(35)f Fu(\026)p FD(s.)0 430 y FA(Sp)q(ecial)h(Considerations)f(and)i -(Programming)f(Suggestion)o(s.)j FD(If)d(the)g(in)o(terrupt)h(routine)g(uses) -g(a)f(UUO)0 480 y(it)d(m)o(ust)f(\014rst)i(sa)o(v)o(e)f(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts) -h(of)f(the)h(pair)e(of)h(lo)q(cations)f(that)h(will)f(b)q(e)h(c)o(hanged)h(b) -o(y)f(it)f(in)h(case)h(the)g(in)o(terrupted)0 530 y(program)f(w)o(as)h(in)g -(the)i(pro)q(cess)g(of)e(handling)f(a)i(UUO.)f(Hence)i(the)f(routine)g(m)o -(ust)f(sa)o(v)o(e)g(unrelo)q(cated)i(lo)q(cation)d(40)0 580 -y(and)k(the)h(lo)q(cation)e(used)j(b)o(y)e(the)h(UUO)f(handler)h(instruction) -g(to)f(store)h(the)g(PC)f(w)o(ord.)19 b(In)c(all)e(other)i(resp)q(ects,)0 -629 y(the)e(sp)q(ecial)h(considerations)f(and)g(programmi)o(ng)d(suggestions) -j(giv)o(en)f(at)h(the)h(end)f(of)f(the)i(section)f(on)g(the)g(KI10)0 -679 y(in)o(terrupt)i(hold)e(for)g(the)i(KA10)f(\()p FB(x)p -FD(4.3.2\).)0 831 y Fz(4.3.6)55 b(KA10)19 b(Pro)r(cessor)f(Conditions)0 -943 y FD(There)f(are)f(a)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g(in)o(ternal)g(conditions)h -(that)f(can)h(signal)f(the)h(program)e(b)o(y)h(requesting)i(an)e(in)o -(terrupt)0 993 y(on)g(a)g(lev)o(el)g(assigned)g(to)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor.)24 -b(Most)15 b(of)g(these)h(conditions)f(are)g(generally)g(regarded)h(as)g(imp)q -(ortan)o(t)0 1043 y(enough)f(to)g(b)q(e)h(assigned)f(to)g(the)h(highest)f -(priorit)o(y)g(lev)o(el.)21 b(Except)c(in)d(the)i(case)g(of)e(a)h(p)q(o)o(w)o -(er)h(failure)e(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)0 1093 y(the)19 b(common)c(practice)k(is)f -(for)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(in)o(terrupt)f(to)f(switc)o(h)g(o)o(v)o(er)h(to)e -(the)i(lo)o(w)o(est)f(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el)h(b)o(y)0 1143 -y(means)d(of)f(a)i(program{set)e(request.)25 b(Then)16 b(the)g(time)e(tak)o -(en)h(to)h(handle)f(the)h(situation,)f(whic)o(h)g(ma)o(y)f(w)o(ell)g(b)q(e)0 -1193 y(considerable,)g(cannot)g(in)o(terfere)h(with)f(high)f(priorit)o(y)g -(ev)o(en)o(ts.)0 1278 y(Flags)g(for)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)g(failure)g(and)f(parit) -o(y)h(error)h(are)f(handled)g(b)o(y)g(the)h(condition)e(I/O)h(instructions)h -(that)f(address)0 1328 y(the)k(priorit)o(y)e(in)o(terrupt)i(system)f(\()p -FB(x)q FD(4.3.5\).)26 b(The)17 b(remaining)e(\015ags)i(are)h(handled)f(b)o(y) -g(condition)f(instructions)0 1378 y(that)e(address)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor.)k -(Its)c(device)g(co)q(de)f(is)g(000,)f(mnemonic)e(APR.)p 0 1627 -1495 4 v 0 1552 V -2 1625 4 75 v 1493 1625 V 538 1625 V 579 -1625 V 746 1625 V 12 1656 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)548 1602 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)0 1518 y Fk(CONO)17 -b(APR,)38 b(Conditions)21 b(Out,)d(Arithmetic)h(Pro)r(cesso)n(r)218 -1601 y FD(70020)0 1752 y(Assign)g(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(lev)o(el)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(bits)g(33{35)f(of)h(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(conditions)e -Fu(E)i FD(and)e(p)q(erform)f(the)0 1802 y(functions)c(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y) -f(bits)g(18{32)f(as)h(sho)o(wn)g(\(a)f(1)h(in)g(a)f(bit)h(pro)q(duces)h(the)g -(indicated)f(function,)f(a)g(0)h(has)g(no)0 1852 y(e\013ect\).)p -0 2173 1495 2 v -1 2172 2 187 v 0 1986 1495 2 v 1494 2172 2 -187 v 248 2184 2 13 v 497 2184 V 746 2184 V 995 2184 V 1244 -2184 V 25 2202 a Fp(18)p 82 2172 2 187 v -34 w(18)p -1 2172 -V 8 2032 a Fd(Clear)4 2059 y(Push{)9 2086 y(do)o(wn)5 2112 -y(Ov)o(er{)16 2139 y(flo)o(w)108 2202 y Fp(19)p 165 2172 V --34 w(19)p 82 2172 V 91 2019 a Fd(Clear)106 2046 y(All)105 -2072 y(In{)100 2099 y(Out)101 2126 y(De{)95 2152 y(vices)191 -2202 y Fp(20)p 248 2172 V -34 w(20)p 165 2172 V 49 w(21)p 331 -2172 V -34 w(21)p 248 2172 V 257 2030 a Fd(Clear)266 2057 y(Ad{)259 -2084 y(dress)254 2110 y(Break)263 2137 y(Flag)357 2202 y Fp(22)p -414 2172 V -34 w(22)p 331 2172 V 340 2018 a Fd(Clear)336 2045 -y(Mem{)353 2066 y(ory)345 2097 y(Pro{)350 2122 y(tect)346 2149 -y(Flag)440 2202 y Fp(23)p 497 2172 V -34 w(23)p 414 2172 V -423 2057 a Fd(Clear)424 2083 y(NXM)429 2110 y(Flag)523 2202 -y Fp(24)p 580 2047 2 63 v -34 w(24)p 497 2047 V 512 2010 a -Fd(Dis{)514 2037 y(able)606 2202 y Fp(25)p 663 2047 V -34 w(25)p -580 2047 V 598 2010 a Fd(En{)597 2037 y(able)606 2202 y Fp(25)p -663 2151 2 104 v -117 w(24)p 497 2151 V 546 2091 a Fd(Clo)q(c)o(k)524 -2118 y(In)o(terrupt)606 2202 y Fp(25)p 663 2172 2 21 v -34 -w(25)p 580 2172 V 49 w(26)p 746 2172 2 187 v -34 w(26)p 663 -2172 V 673 2057 a Fd(Clear)671 2084 y(Clo)q(c)o(k)678 2110 -y(Flag)772 2202 y Fp(27)p 829 2047 2 63 v -34 w(27)p 746 2047 -V 761 2010 a Fd(Dis{)763 2037 y(able)855 2202 y Fp(28)p 912 -2047 V -34 w(28)p 829 2047 V 848 2010 a Fd(En{)846 2037 y(able)855 -2202 y Fp(28)p 912 2151 2 104 v -117 w(27)p 746 2151 V 778 -2076 a Fd(Floating)775 2106 y(Ov)o(erflo)o(w)773 2133 y(In)o(terrupt)855 -2202 y Fp(28)p 912 2172 2 21 v -34 w(28)p 829 2172 V 49 w(29)p -995 2172 2 187 v -34 w(29)p 912 2172 V 922 2030 a Fd(Clear)915 -2057 y(Float{)936 2084 y(ing)918 2114 y(Ov)o(er{)929 2141 y(flo)o(w)1021 -2202 y Fp(30)p 1078 2047 2 63 v -34 w(30)p 995 2047 V 1010 -2010 a Fd(Dis{)1012 2037 y(able)1104 2202 y Fp(31)p 1161 2047 -V -34 w(31)p 1078 2047 V 1097 2010 a Fd(En{)1095 2037 y(able)1104 -2202 y Fp(31)p 1161 2151 2 104 v -117 w(30)p 995 2151 V 1024 -2091 a Fd(Ov)o(erflo)o(w)1022 2118 y(In)o(terrupt)1104 2202 -y Fp(31)p 1161 2172 2 21 v -34 w(31)p 1078 2172 V 49 w(32)p -1244 2172 2 187 v -34 w(32)p 1161 2172 V 1171 2059 a Fd(Clear)1167 -2085 y(Ov)o(er{)1178 2112 y(flo)o(w)1436 2202 y Fp(35)p 1494 -2151 2 167 v -200 w(33)p 1244 2151 V 1321 2042 a Fd(Priorit)o(y)1313 -2073 y(In)o(terrupt)1299 2104 y(Assignmen)o(t)1353 2202 y Fp(34)p -1411 2172 2 21 v -34 w(34)p 1328 2172 V 0 2361 a FD(Enabling)f(a)g -(particular)h(\015ag)f(to)h(in)o(terrupt)h(means)e(that)h(henceforth)h(the)f -(setting)g(of)g(the)g(\015ag)f(will)g(request)i(an)0 2411 y(in)o(terrupt)i -(on)f(the)h(lev)o(el)g(assigned)f(\(b)o(y)h(bits)f(33{35\))f(to)i(the)g(pro)q -(cessor.)27 b(Disabling)15 b(prev)o(en)o(ts)j(the)f(\015ag)f(from)0 -2461 y(triggering)d(a)h(request.)0 2546 y(A)i(1)g(in)g(bit)g(19)f(pro)q -(duces)j(the)f(I/O)f(reset)i(signal,)d(whic)o(h)h(clears)h(the)g(con)o(trol)f -(logic)f(in)h(all)f(of)h(the)g(p)q(eripheral)0 2596 y(equipmen)o(t)d(\(but)h -(a\013ects)i(neither)e(the)h(priorit)o(y)e(in)o(terrupt)i(system,)e(nor)h -(the)h(pro)q(cessor)g(\015ags)f(cleared)h(b)o(y)f(this)p eop -%%Page: 479 139 -479 138 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(479)150 195 y(instruction)14 b(or)g Fx(CONO)f(PI,)p -FD(\).)p 150 446 1495 4 v 150 372 V 148 445 4 75 v 1643 445 -V 688 445 V 729 445 V 896 445 V 162 476 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 421 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 338 -y Fk(CONI)18 b(APR,)61 b(Conditions)21 b(In,)e(Arithmetic)g(Pro)r(cesso)n(r) -368 421 y FD(70024)150 572 y(Read)d(the)g(status)h(of)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor)g -(in)o(to)f(the)g(righ)o(t)g(half)e(of)i(lo)q(cation)f Fu(E)j -FD(as)e(sho)o(wn)g(\(all)e(in)o(terrupt)j(requests)150 622 -y(are)d(made)f(on)h(the)g(lev)o(el)g(assigned)g(to)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor\).)p -150 963 1495 2 v 149 962 2 187 v 150 776 1495 2 v 1644 962 -2 187 v 398 975 2 13 v 647 975 V 896 975 V 1145 975 V 1394 -975 V 175 992 a Fp(18)p 232 962 2 187 v -34 w(18)p 149 962 -V 49 w(19)p 315 962 V -34 w(19)p 232 962 V 237 836 a Fd(Push{)242 -863 y(do)o(wn)238 889 y(Ov)o(er{)249 916 y(flo)o(w)341 992 -y Fp(20)p 398 962 V -34 w(20)p 315 962 V 330 849 a Fd(User)338 -876 y(In{)333 903 y(Out)424 992 y Fp(21)p 481 962 V -34 w(21)p -398 962 V 416 849 a Fd(Ad{)409 876 y(dress)404 903 y(Break)507 -992 y Fp(22)p 564 962 V -34 w(22)p 481 962 V 486 824 a Fd(Mem{)503 -846 y(ory)495 876 y(Pro{)493 901 y(tect{)505 928 y(ion)590 -992 y Fp(23)p 647 962 V -34 w(23)p 564 962 V 574 876 a Fd(NXM)673 -992 y Fp(24)p 730 962 V -34 w(24)p 647 962 V 49 w(25)p 813 -962 V -34 w(25)p 730 962 V 738 822 a Fd(Clo)q(c)o(k)735 848 -y(In)o(ter{)746 873 y(rupt)748 904 y(En{)740 931 y(abled)839 -992 y Fp(26)p 896 962 V -34 w(26)p 813 962 V 821 876 a Fd(Clo)q(c)o(k)922 -992 y Fp(27)p 979 962 V -34 w(27)p 896 962 V 49 w(28)p 1062 -962 V -34 w(28)p 979 962 V 982 807 a Fd(Float{)1003 834 y(ing)985 -865 y(Ov)o(er{)996 891 y(flo)o(w)1004 918 y(In)o(t)997 945 -y(En)o(b)1088 992 y Fp(29)p 1145 962 V -34 w(29)p 1062 962 -V 1065 834 a Fd(Float{)1086 861 y(ing)1068 891 y(Ov)o(er{)1079 -918 y(flo)o(w)1171 992 y Fp(30)p 1228 962 V -34 w(30)p 1145 -962 V 1158 848 a Fd(T)n(rap)1161 879 y(Off{)1170 904 y(set)1254 -992 y Fp(31)p 1311 962 V -34 w(31)p 1228 962 V 1234 808 a Fd(Ov)o(er{)1245 -835 y(flo)o(w)1234 861 y(In)o(ter{)1244 887 y(rupt)1247 917 -y(En{)1238 944 y(abled)1337 992 y Fp(32)p 1394 962 V -34 w(32)p -1311 962 V 1317 863 a Fd(Ov)o(er{)1328 889 y(flo)o(w)1586 992 -y Fp(35)p 1644 942 2 167 v -200 w(33)p 1394 942 V 1471 833 -a Fd(Priorit)o(y)1463 864 y(In)o(terrupt)1449 894 y(Assignmen)o(t)1503 -992 y Fp(34)p 1561 962 2 21 v -34 w(34)p 1478 962 V 266 771 -a Fn(*)148 b(*)65 b(*)g(*)231 b(*)g(*)g(*)150 1152 y FD(Bits)12 -b(that)g(can)h(cause)g(in)o(terrupts)g(on)f(the)g(lev)o(el)g(assigned)g(to)g -(the)h(pro)q(cessor)g(are)g(those)g(indicated)f(b)o(y)f(asterisks,)150 -1202 y(and)j(also)f(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)h(F)m(ailure)f(and)h(P)o(arit)o(y)f -(Error,)h(bits)g(18)g(and)f(19)h(read)g(b)o(y)g(a)f Fx(CONI)g(PI,)p -FD(.)150 1287 y(With)j(the)h(p)q(ossible)g(exception)h(of)e(an)g(illegal)f -(memory)f(reference)19 b(on)e(an)f(instruction)h(fetc)o(h,)h(if)d(the)j -(highest)150 1337 y(priorit)o(y)g(activ)o(e)h(lev)o(el)g(is)f(assigned)h(to)g -(the)h(pro)q(cessor,)h(then)f(the)f(o)q(ccurrence)j(of)c(an)o(y)g(pro)q -(cessor)j(in)o(terrupt)150 1387 y(condition)11 b(is)h(guaran)o(teed)g(to)f -(pro)q(duce)i(a)f(pro)q(cessor)h(in)o(terrupt)g(with)e(no)g(lo)o(w)o(er)h -(priorit)o(y)f(in)o(terrupt)h(in)o(terv)o(ening)150 1437 y(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h -(it)f(and)f(the)i(program)d(lev)o(el)h(at)h(whic)o(h)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i -(condition)d(o)q(ccurred.)19 b(The)12 b(actual)f(relationship)150 -1486 y(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)k(PC)f(and)g(the)h(instruction)f(asso)q(ciated)g -(with)g(a)g(giv)o(en)f(condition)g(is)h(as)g(stated)h(in)e(its)h -(description.)150 1554 y(19)49 b(Pushdo)o(wn)16 b(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(|)e(in)g -(a)g Fx(PUSH)h FD(or)f Fx(PUSHJ)g FD(the)i(coun)o(t)f(in)f(A)o(C)g(left)h -(reac)o(hed)h(zero;)g(or)f(in)f(a)g Fx(POP)241 1604 y FD(or)h -Fx(POPJ)e FD(the)j(coun)o(t)f(reac)o(hed)h FB(\000)p FD(1.)24 -b(The)16 b(setting)g(of)g(this)f(\015ag)h(requests)i(an)d(in)o(terrupt,)i(at) -f(whic)o(h)f(time)241 1654 y(PC)e(p)q(oin)o(ts)f(to)h(the)g(instruction)g -(follo)o(wing)c(that)k(in)f(whic)o(h)g(the)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)g(o)q -(ccurred.)19 b(The)13 b(lo)q(cation)e(of)h(the)241 1703 y(o\013ending)k -(instruction)f(is)h(implied)d(b)o(y)i(PC)g(for)h Fx(PUSH)e -FD(or)i Fx(POP)p FD(,)d(is)j(indicated)f(b)o(y)g(the)h(last)f(item)f(in)h -(the)241 1753 y(stac)o(k)g(for)e Fx(PUSHJ)p FD(,)g(but)h(is)g(indeterminate)f -(for)g Fx(POPJ)p FD(.)150 1839 y(20)49 b(User)15 b(In{Out)e(|)g(ev)o(en)h(if) -e(the)i(pro)q(cessor)h(is)e(in)g(user)h(mo)q(de,)e(there)i(are)g(no)f -(instruction)g(restrictions)i(\(but)241 1889 y(memory)d(restrictions)j(still) -e(apply\))g(\()p FB(x)q FD(4.3.7\).)150 1974 y(21)49 b(Address)13 -b(Break)f(|)f(while)g(the)g(console)h(address)h(break)e(switc)o(h)h(w)o(as)f -(on,)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(requested)g(access)241 2024 y(to)f(the)h(memory)c -(lo)q(cation)j(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(address)g(switc)o(hes)g(and)f -(the)h(memory)c(reference)15 b(w)o(as)d(for)f(the)241 2074 -y(purp)q(ose)k(selected)h(b)o(y)e(the)g(address)h(condition)f(switc)o(hes)h -(as)f(follo)o(ws:)333 2158 y(The)k(instruction)g(switc)o(h)g(w)o(as)f(on)h -(and)f(access)j(w)o(as)d(for)h(retriev)n(al)f(of)g(an)h(instruction)g -(\(including)333 2208 y(an)c(instruction)g(executed)i(b)o(y)e(an)g -Fx(X)o(CT)g FD(or)g(con)o(tained)g(in)g(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(lo)q(cation)e(or) -h(a)g(trap)g(for)g(an)333 2258 y(unimplemen)o(ted)d(op)q(eration\))j(or)g(an) -g(address)h(w)o(ord)f(in)f(an)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(address)g(calculation.)333 -2324 y(The)e(data)f(fetc)o(h)i(switc)o(h)f(w)o(as)g(on)f(and)h(access)h(w)o -(as)f(for)g(retriev)n(al)f(of)h(an)f(op)q(erand)h(\(other)h(than)f(in)f(an) -333 2374 y Fx(X)o(CT)p FD(\).)333 2440 y(The)k(write)h(switc)o(h)g(w)o(as)f -(on)g(and)g(access)i(w)o(as)e(for)g(writing)g(a)g(w)o(ord)g(in)g(memory)m(,)d -(other)k(than)f(in)g(a)333 2490 y(read{mo)q(dify{write.)241 -2574 y(The)f(setting)f(of)g(this)g(\015ag)g(requests)i(an)e(in)o(terrupt,)g -(at)g(whic)o(h)g(time)f(PC)i(p)q(oin)o(ts)f(to)g(the)g(instruction)h(that)241 -2624 y(w)o(as)h(b)q(eing)h(executed)h(or)e(to)g(the)g(one)h(follo)o(wing)c -(it.)25 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)16 b(PC)h(b)q(ears)g(no)f(relation)f(to)h(the)h -(break)g(if)p eop -%%Page: 480 140 -480 139 bop 0 50 a FD(480)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)91 195 y FD(the)h(access)h(w)o(as)d(requested)j(for)e(a)f -(console)i(k)o(ey)f(function.)0 281 y(22)49 b(Memory)16 b(Protection)h(|)f(a) -g(user)h(program)e(attempted)h(to)h(access)h(a)e(memory)e(lo)q(cation)h -(outside)i(of)f(its)91 330 y(area)c(or)f(to)g(write)g(in)g(a)g -(write{protected)i(part)e(of)g(its)g(area,)g(and)g(the)h(user)g(instruction)g -(w)o(as)f(terminated)f(at)91 380 y(that)j(time.)k(The)c(setting)h(of)e(this)h -(\015ag)g(requests)i(an)e(in)o(terrupt,)g(at)g(whic)o(h)g(time)e(PC)j(p)q -(oin)o(ts)f(either)g(to)g(the)91 430 y(instruction)h(that)g(caused)h(the)g -(violation)d(or)h(to)h(the)g(one)h(follo)o(wing)c(it,)i(unless)h(the)h -(illegal)d(reference)k(w)o(as)91 480 y(for)f(fetc)o(hing)f(an)g(instruction.) -21 b(In)14 b(this)h(exceptional)f(case)i(it)e(is)g(p)q(ossible)h(for)f(a)g -(lo)o(w)o(er)h(lev)o(el)f(in)o(terrupt)h(to)91 530 y(o)q(ccur)h(b)q(et)o(w)o -(een)g(the)f(violation)d(and)i(its)h(in)o(terrupt,)g(ev)o(en)g(with)f(the)h -(pro)q(cessor)h(assigned)f(to)g(the)g(highest)91 580 y(priorit)o(y)e(activ)o -(e)h(lev)o(el.)91 647 y(This)h(\015ag)e(can)i(also)f(b)q(e)h(set)g(b)o(y)f -(an)g(instruction)h(executed)h(from)d(the)i(console)g(while)e(the)i(USER)g -(MODE)91 697 y(ligh)o(t)e(is)h(on,)f(in)g(whic)o(h)h(case)h(PC)f(b)q(ears)h -(no)f(relation)f(to)h(the)g(violation.)0 783 y(23)49 b(Nonexisten)o(t)20 -b(Memory)d(|)h(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(attempted)d(to)g(access)i(a)f(memory)d -(that)i(did)g(not)h(resp)q(ond)91 832 y(within)d(100)e Fu(\026)p -FD(s.)25 b(The)16 b(setting)h(\015ag)e(requests)j(an)e(in)o(terrupt,)h(at)f -(whic)o(h)g(time)e(PC)j(p)q(oin)o(ts)f(either)g(to)g(the)91 -882 y(instruction)f(con)o(taining)e(the)i(unansw)o(ered)h(reference)h(or)d -(to)h(the)g(one)f(follo)o(wing)e(it.)19 b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er)c(PC)g(b)q(ears)91 -932 y(no)g(relation)f(to)g(the)i(unansw)o(ered)g(reference)h(if)d(the)h -(attempted)f(access)j(originated)d(from)f(a)h(console)h(k)o(ey)91 -982 y(function.)0 1067 y(26)49 b(Clo)q(c)o(k)12 b(|)g(this)h(\015ag)e(is)i -(set)g(at)f(the)h(A)o(C)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)f(line)g(frequency)i(and)e(can)h(th) -o(us)f(b)q(e)h(used)h(for)e(lo)o(w)f(resolution)91 1117 y(timing)j(\(the)i -(clo)q(c)o(k)g(has)g(high)f(long)g(term)g(accuracy\).)25 b(If)15 -b(bit)h(25)f(is)g(set,)i(the)f(setting)h(of)e(the)h(Clo)q(c)o(k)f(\015ag)91 -1167 y(requests)h(an)e(in)o(terrupt.)0 1253 y(29)49 b(Floating)12 -b(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)i(|)e(this)h(is)h(one)f(of)f(the)i(\015ags)f(sa)o(v)o(ed)h -(in)e(a)h(PC)h(w)o(ord,)e(and)h(the)h(conditions)f(that)g(set)h(it)91 -1302 y(are)i(giv)o(en)f(in)g FB(x)q FD(2.9.3.)21 b(If)15 b(bit)g(28)g(is)g -(set,)i(the)f(setting)g(of)e(Floating)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)i(requests)i(an)d -(in)o(terrupt,)h(at)91 1352 y(whic)o(h)e(time)f(PC)h(p)q(oin)o(ts)f(to)h(the) -h(instruction)f(follo)o(wing)d(that)j(in)g(whic)o(h)f(the)i(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o -(w)e(o)q(ccurred.)0 1438 y(30)49 b(T)m(rap)12 b(O\013set)i(|)e(the)h(pro)q -(cessor)h(is)e(using)g(lo)q(cations)g(140{161)f(for)h(unimplemen)o(ted)e(op)q -(eration)i(traps)h(and)91 1488 y(in)o(terrupt)i(lo)q(cations.)0 -1573 y(32)49 b(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)13 b(|)f(this)h(is)f(one)h(of)f(the)h -(\015ags)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(in)f(a)g(PC)h(w)o(ord,)f(and)h(the)g(conditions)f -(that)h(set)g(it)f(are)h(giv)o(en)91 1623 y(in)f FB(x)p FD(2.9.3.)k(If)11 -b(bit)g(31)h(is)f(set,)i(the)f(setting)g(of)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(requests)h -(an)f(in)o(terrupt,)g(at)g(whic)o(h)g(time)e(PC)i(p)q(oin)o(ts)91 -1673 y(to)i(the)h(instruction)f(follo)o(wing)d(that)j(in)f(whic)o(h)h(the)h -(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)e(o)q(ccurred.)811 1773 y Fz(CA)n(UTION)183 -1839 y FD(F)m(or)e(an)i(address)g(break,)g(a)e(memory)f(protection)j -(violation,)d(a)i(parit)o(y)g(error,)h(or)f(a)g(nonexisten)o(t)183 -1889 y(memory)m(,)c(a)j(pro)q(cessor)i(error)f(in)o(terrupt)g(that)f(switc)o -(hes)h(o)o(v)o(er)f(to)g(a)g(lo)o(w)o(er)g(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el)h(should) -183 1939 y(not)20 b(return)h(to)f(the)h(in)o(terrupted)h(program,)d(as)i(the) -f(pro)q(cessor)i(will)d(fetc)o(h)i(the)g(next)g(user)183 1989 -y(instruction)15 b(b)q(efore)h(it)f(accepts)i(the)f(program{set)f(in)o -(terrupt)h(request.)24 b(This)15 b(mak)o(es)f(it)h(v)o(ery)183 -2038 y(lik)o(ely)9 b(that)h(the)h(same)f(error)h(will)e(recur,)j(pro)q -(ducing)f(a)f(lo)q(op)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)i(the)f(pro)q(cessor)h(in)o(terrupt) -183 2088 y(and)h(the)i(in)o(terrupted)g(program.)0 2281 y Fz(4.3.7)55 -b(KA10)19 b(Program)f(and)h(Memory)e(Managemen)n(t)0 2394 y -FD(Ev)o(ery)12 b(user)h(is)e(assigned)h(a)f(core)i(area)e(and)h(the)g(rest)g -(of)f(core)i(is)e(protected)i(from)d(him)g(|)h(he)h(cannot)g(gain)e(access)0 -2443 y(to)i(the)h(protected)i(area)d(for)g(either)i(storage)f(or)f(retriev)n -(al)g(of)g(information.)j(The)e(assigned)g(area)f(is)h(divided)f(in)o(to)0 -2493 y(t)o(w)o(o)i(parts.)20 b(The)15 b(lo)o(w)f(part)g(is)h(unique)f(to)h(a) -f(giv)o(en)g(user)h(and)g(can)f(b)q(e)i(used)f(for)f(an)o(y)g(purp)q(ose.)21 -b(The)15 b(high)f(part)0 2543 y(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(for)g(a)f(single)h(user,)h -(or)e(it)h(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(shared)h(b)o(y)f(sev)o(eral)g(users.)22 -b(The)16 b(Monitor)e(can)h(write{protect)h(the)0 2593 y(high)11 -b(part)h(so)g(that)g(the)g(user)h(cannot)f(alter)g(its)f(con)o(ten)o(ts,)i -(i.e.,)e(he)h(cannot)g(write)g(an)o(ything)f(in)g(it.)17 b(The)12 -b(Monitor)p eop -%%Page: 481 141 -481 140 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(481)150 195 y(w)o(ould)13 b(do)g(this)h(when)g(the)g(high)f -(part)h(is)g(to)f(b)q(e)h(a)g(pure)g(pro)q(cedure)i(to)d(b)q(e)i(used)f(reen) -o(tran)o(tly)g(b)o(y)g(sev)o(eral)g(users.)150 245 y(One)e(high)f(pure)i -(segmen)o(t)e(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(used)h(with)e(an)o(y)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)g -(lo)o(w)g(impure)f(segmen)o(ts.)18 b(The)12 b(user)g(can)g(request)150 -295 y(that)g(the)h(Monitor)f(write{protect)i(the)f(high)f(part)g(of)g(a)g -(single)g(program,)e(e.g.,)i(in)g(order)h(to)f(debug)h(a)f(reen)o(tran)o(t) -150 345 y(program.)20 b(All)15 b(users)h(write)g(programs)e(b)q(eginning)g -(at)h(address)h(0)f(for)g(the)h(lo)o(w)e(part,)h(and)g(b)q(eginning)g -(usually)150 394 y(at)e(400000)f(for)h(the)h(high)f(part.)18 -b(The)c(programmed)d(addresses)k(are)f(retained)g(in)f(the)h(ob)r(ject)g -(program)e(but)i(are)150 444 y(relo)q(cated)g(b)o(y)e(the)i(hardw)o(are)f(to) -f(the)i(ph)o(ysical)e(area)h(assigned)g(to)f(the)i(user)f(as)g(eac)o(h)g -(access)i(is)e(made)e(while)h(the)150 494 y(program)g(is)i(running.)150 -580 y(The)c(size)h(and)e(p)q(osition)g(of)g(the)i(user)f(area)g(are)g -(de\014ned)h(b)o(y)f(sp)q(ecifying)f(protection)h(and)g(relo)q(cation)f -(addresses)j(for)150 629 y(the)i(lo)o(w)e(and)h(high)f(blo)q(c)o(ks,)h(as)h -(sho)o(wn)f(in)f(Figure)i(4.13.)i(The)e(protection)f(address)i(determines)e -(the)h(maxim)n(um)150 679 y(address)i(the)g(user)h(can)e(giv)o(e;)g(an)o(y)f -(address)j(larger)e(than)g(the)h(maxim)n(um)11 b(is)k(illegal.)20 -b(The)c(relo)q(cation)f(address)150 729 y(is)i(the)h(address,)h(as)f(seen)g -(b)o(y)g(the)g(Monitor)f(and)g(the)h(hardw)o(are,)g(of)f(the)h(\014rst)g(lo)q -(cation)e(in)h(the)h(blo)q(c)o(k.)29 b(The)150 779 y(Monitor)12 -b(de\014nes)h(these)h(addresses)g(b)o(y)e(loading)e(four)i(8{bit)g -(registers,)h(eac)o(h)g(of)e(whic)o(h)h(corresp)q(onds)i(to)e(the)h(left)150 -829 y(eigh)o(t)h(bits)g(\(15{25\))e(of)i(an)f(address)j(whose)e(righ)o(t)f -(ten)i(bits)f(are)g(all)f(0.)150 914 y(T)m(o)19 b(determine)h(whether)i(an)e -(address)h(is)f(legal)f(its)h(left)g(eigh)o(t)g(bits)g(are)g(compared)g(with) -f(the)i(appropriate)150 964 y(protection)c(register,)h(so)e(the)h(maxim)n(um) -12 b(user)18 b(address)g(consists)f(of)f(the)h(register)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h -(in)e(its)g(left)g(eigh)o(t)150 1014 y(bits,)g(1777)f(in)h(its)g(righ)o(t)g -(ten)g(bits)h(\(i.e.,)e(it)h(is)f(equal)h(to)g(the)h(protection)g(address)g -(plus)f(1777\).)24 b(Since)16 b(the)h(set)150 1064 y(of)f(all)f(addresses)k -(b)q(egins)e(at)g(zero,)g(a)g(blo)q(c)o(k)f(is)g(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(an)g(in)o -(tegral)g(m)o(ultiple)f(of)h(1024)1577 1070 y Fp(10)1627 1064 -y FD(\(2000)1727 1070 y Fp(8)1745 1064 y FD(\))h(lo)q(cations.)150 -1113 y(Relo)q(cation)d(is)h(accomplished)f(simply)f(b)o(y)i(adding)f(the)i -(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)i(appropriate)f(relo)q(cation)g(register)h(to)150 -1163 y(the)d(user)g(address,)g(so)f(the)h(\014rst)f(address)i(in)d(a)h(blo)q -(c)o(k)g(is)g(a)f(m)o(ultiple)f(of)h(2000.)17 b(The)12 b(relativ)o(e)g(user)h -(and)f(relo)q(cated)150 1213 y(address)g(con\014gurations)f(are)h(therefore)g -(as)g(illustrated)f(here,)h(where)g Fu(P)1286 1219 y Fr(l)1299 -1213 y FD(,)f Fu(R)1354 1219 y Fr(l)1366 1213 y FD(,)g Fu(P)1416 -1219 y Fr(h)1437 1213 y FD(,)g(and)g Fu(R)1570 1219 y Fr(h)1602 -1213 y FD(are)h(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)g(the)150 1263 y(protection)17 -b(and)f(relo)q(cation)f(addresses)k(for)c(the)i(lo)o(w)e(and)h(high)g(parts)g -(as)g(deriv)o(ed)h(from)d(the)j(8{bit)e(registers)150 1313 -y(loaded)k(b)o(y)h(the)g(Monitor.)36 b(If)19 b(the)i(lo)o(w)d(part)i(is)g -(larger)g(than)g(128K)f(lo)q(cations,)h(i.e.,)g(more)f(than)h(half)e(the)150 -1362 y(maxim)n(um)12 b(memory)i(capacit)o(y)h(\()p Fu(P)717 -1368 y Fr(l)745 1362 y FB(\025)h FD(400000\),)f(the)h(high)g(part)g(starts)h -(at)f(the)h(\014rst)g(lo)q(cation)e(after)h(the)h(lo)o(w)150 -1412 y(part)c(\(at)h(lo)q(cation)e Fu(P)490 1418 y Fr(l)511 -1412 y FD(+)c(2000\).)17 b(The)d(high)e(part)i(is)f(limited)e(to)i(128K.)g -(If)g(the)h(Monitor)e(de\014nes)j(t)o(w)o(o)e(parts)h(but)150 -1462 y(do)q(es)h(not)e(write{protect)j(the)e(high)f(part,)h(the)g(user)h(has) -f(a)g(t)o(w)o(o{part)f(nonreen)o(tran)o(t)i(program.)150 1548 -y(If)h(the)g(user)h(attempts)f(to)f(access)j(a)e(lo)q(cation)f(outside)h(of)f -(his)h(assigned)g(area,)g(or)g(if)f(the)i(high)e(part)h(is)g(write{)150 -1597 y(protected)f(and)e(he)g(attempts)g(to)g(alter)g(its)g(con)o(ten)o(ts,)g -(the)h(curren)o(t)h(instruction)e(terminates)g(imm)o(ediately)m(,)c(the)150 -1647 y(Memory)j(Protection)i(\015ag)f(is)g(set)h(\(status)g(bit)e(22)h(read)h -(b)o(y)e(CONI)i(APR,\),)e(and)h(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(is)f(requested)i(on)150 -1697 y(the)f(lev)o(el)g(assigned)g(to)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(\()p -FB(x)q FD(4.3.6\).)150 1783 y Fy(A)n(ddr)n(essing)f(Summary)p -FD(.)20 b(Let)15 b Fu(A)670 1789 y Fr(u)707 1783 y FD(b)q(e)g(the)g(address)h -(supplied)e(b)o(y)h(the)g(user,)g(and)f(let)h Fu(A)1553 1789 -y Fr(p)1587 1783 y FD(b)q(e)g(the)g(ph)o(ysical)f(core)150 -1832 y(address)h(generated)g(from)e(it)g(b)o(y)h(the)g(relo)q(cation)g(hardw) -o(are.)150 1918 y(If)g Fu(A)223 1924 y Fr(u)256 1918 y FB(\024)e -FD(17,)h(then)h Fu(A)492 1924 y Fr(p)523 1918 y FD(=)e Fu(A)598 -1924 y Fr(u)633 1918 y FD(\(fast)i(memory)m(,)d(no)j(relo)q(cation\).)150 -2004 y(If)g(20)d FB(\024)g Fu(A)319 2010 y Fr(u)353 2004 y -FB(\024)h Fu(P)424 2010 y Fr(l)445 2004 y FD(+)e(1777,)i(then)j -Fu(A)721 2010 y Fr(p)751 2004 y FD(=)d(\()p Fu(A)842 2010 y -Fr(u)873 2004 y FD(+)e Fu(R)947 2010 y Fr(l)959 2004 y FD(\))i(mo)q(d)e(2) -1099 1989 y Fp(18)1134 2004 y FD(.)150 2089 y(If)k(the)g(greater)h(of)e -FB(f)490 2071 y Fp(400000)477 2103 y Fr(P)498 2107 y Fb(l)510 -2103 y Fp(+2000)607 2089 y FB(g)e(\024)h Fu(A)714 2095 y Fr(u)747 -2089 y FB(\024)g Fu(P)818 2095 y Fr(h)848 2089 y FD(+)e(1777,)i(then)j -Fu(A)1124 2095 y Fr(p)1155 2089 y FD(=)d(\()p Fu(A)1246 2095 -y Fr(u)1277 2089 y FD(+)d Fu(R)1350 2095 y Fr(h)1371 2089 y -FD(\))j(mo)q(d)e(2)1511 2074 y Fp(18)1546 2089 y FD(.)150 2175 -y(An)o(y)i(other)h(v)n(alue)f(of)f Fu(A)526 2181 y Fr(u)560 -2175 y FD(is)h(illegal.)k(These)d(are)g Fu(A)953 2181 y Fr(u)986 -2175 y Fu(>)f(P)1057 2181 y Fr(l)1075 2175 y FD(+)6 b(1777)12 -b(if)f(either)i Fu(A)1392 2181 y Fr(u)1425 2175 y Fu(<)f FD(400000)f(or)h -Fu(A)1686 2181 y Fr(u)1719 2175 y Fu(>)g(P)1790 2181 y Fr(h)1817 -2175 y FD(+)6 b(1777.)150 2260 y(Note:)20 b(If)14 b(a)h(relo)q(cated)g -(address)h(is)f(in)f(the)h(range)g(0{17,)f(the)h(reference)i(is)e(to)f(core)i -(rather)f(than)g(fast)f(memory)m(.)150 2310 y(\(E.g.,)h Fu(R)298 -2316 y Fr(h)334 2310 y FD(=)h(0,)f Fu(P)457 2316 y Fr(h)493 -2310 y FD(=)h(400000,)e(and)i Fu(P)803 2316 y Fr(l)831 2310 -y Fu(<)f FD(400000)f(then)j(relo)q(cated)g(references)i(to)d(addresses)i(in)d -(the)i(range)150 2360 y(400000{400017)11 b(actually)i(reference)j(core)f -(addresses)h(0{17.\))150 2499 y Fz(Monitor)i(Programming)150 -2585 y FD(The)d(Monitor)f(m)o(ust)g(assign)g(the)i(core)f(area)g(for)f(eac)o -(h)h(user)h(program,)d(set)j(up)e(trap)h(and)g(in)o(terrupt)g(lo)q(cations,)p -eop -%%Page: 482 142 -482 141 bop 0 50 a FD(482)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)219 230 y Fz(Figure)k(4.13:)24 b(Relo)r(cation)17 -b(of)i(User)f(Addresses)h(in)f(the)h(KA10)0 351 y FC(Note)11 -b(that)h(the)g(relo)q(cated)h(lo)o(w)f(part)0 397 y(is)18 b(actually)h(in)e -(t)o(w)o(o)g(sections)h(with)0 443 y(the)c(larger)h(b)q(eginning)i(at)d -Fe(R)431 447 y Fg(l)452 443 y FC(+)9 b(20.)0 488 y(This)20 -b(is)g(b)q(ecause)h(addresses)f(0{17)0 534 y(are)15 b(not)g(relo)q(cated,)h -(all)g(users)f(ha)o(v-)0 580 y(ing)j(access)g(to)g(the)f(accum)o(ulators.)0 -625 y(The)h(Monitor)i(uses)f(the)g(\014rst)f(six-)0 671 y(teen)23 -b(lo)q(cations)h(in)f(the)g(lo)o(w)f(user)0 717 y(blo)q(c)o(k)11 -b(to)f(store)g(the)g(user's)g(accum)o(u-)0 762 y(lators)19 -b(when)f(his)h(program)g(is)g(not)0 808 y(running.)0 886 y(Some)13 -b(systems)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(only)h(the)f(lo)o(w)0 932 y(pair)f(of)g(protection)h -(and)f(relo)q(cation)0 977 y(registers.)33 b(In)17 b(this)i(case)f(the)g -(user)0 1023 y(program)f(is)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)h(nonreen)o(tran)o(t)0 -1069 y(and)d(the)f(assigned)j(area)d(comprises)0 1114 y(only)h(the)f(lo)o(w)h -(part.)p 830 327 208 2 v 830 1158 V 829 1157 2 831 v 1037 1157 -V 798 359 a(0)p 830 493 208 2 v 899 422 a(Lo)o(w)657 482 y -Fe(P)682 486 y Fg(l)702 482 y FC(+)9 b(1777)p 830 742 V 883 -626 a(Illegal)702 774 y(400000)p 830 992 V 894 876 a(High)649 -981 y Fe(P)674 985 y Fg(h)702 981 y FC(+)g(1777)883 1083 y(Illegal)702 -1148 y(777777)703 1244 y(User)k(Addresses)681 1282 y(Before)g(Relo)q(cation)p -1245 327 V 1245 992 V 1244 991 2 665 v 1452 991 V 1245 1158 -11 2 v 1245 992 V 1443 1158 V 1443 992 V 1276 1158 21 2 v 1318 -1158 V 1359 1158 V 1401 1158 V 1276 992 V 1318 992 V 1359 992 -V 1401 992 V 1244 1157 2 11 v 1452 1157 V 1244 1001 V 1452 -1001 V 1244 1043 2 21 v 1244 1084 V 1244 1126 V 1452 1043 V -1452 1084 V 1452 1126 V 1305 1045 a(Non{)1279 1083 y(Existen)o(t)1280 -1121 y(Memory)1466 359 y(0)p 1245 369 208 2 v 1466 401 a(20)1314 -1228 y(T)o(ypical)i(Ph)o(ysical)1264 1274 y(Address)f(Con\014guration)1313 -1319 y(After)f(Relo)q(cation)p 1245 784 11 2 v 1245 742 V 1443 -784 V 1443 742 V 1276 784 21 2 v 1318 784 V 1359 784 V 1401 -784 V 1276 742 V 1318 742 V 1359 742 V 1401 742 V 1244 783 -2 11 v 1452 783 V 1244 752 V 1452 752 V 1466 773 a Fe(R)1495 -777 y Fg(l)p 1245 784 208 2 v 1466 814 a Fe(R)1495 818 y Fg(l)1515 -814 y FC(+)c(20)p 1245 909 V 1314 837 a(Lo)o(w)1466 898 y Fe(R)1495 -902 y Fg(l)1515 898 y FC(+)g Fe(P)1579 902 y Fg(l)1599 898 -y FC(+)f(1777)p 1245 431 V 1466 462 a Fe(R)1495 466 y Fg(h)p -1245 680 V 1309 564 a FC(High)1466 669 y Fe(R)1495 673 y Fg(h)1523 -669 y FC(+)h Fe(P)1587 673 y Fg(h)1615 669 y FC(+)f(1777)1038 -410 y Fl(A)1042 418 y(A)1083 501 y(A)1088 509 y(A)1129 592 -y(A)1133 601 y(A)1175 684 y(A)1179 692 y(A)1220 775 y(A)1225 -783 y(A)1038 534 y(A)1042 542 y(A)1083 625 y(A)1088 634 y(A)1129 -717 y(A)1133 725 y(A)1175 808 y(A)1179 816 y(A)1220 899 y(A)1225 -908 y(A)1038 991 y(\012)1039 989 y(\012)1083 922 y(\012)1085 -920 y(\012)1129 854 y(\012)1130 852 y(\012)1175 785 y(\012)1176 -783 y(\012)1216 723 y(\012)1218 721 y(\012)1038 742 y(\012)1039 -740 y(\012)1083 673 y(\012)1085 671 y(\012)1129 605 y(\012)1130 -603 y(\012)1175 536 y(\012)1176 534 y(\012)1216 474 y(\012)1218 -472 y(\012)p 1038 369 11 2 v 1038 327 V 1235 369 V 1235 327 -V 1069 369 21 2 v 1110 369 V 1152 369 V 1193 369 V 1069 327 -V 1110 327 V 1152 327 V 1193 327 V 1037 368 2 11 v 1244 368 -V 1037 337 V 1244 337 V 0 1530 a FD(sp)q(ecify)k(whether)g(the)g(user)g(can)f -(giv)o(e)f(I/O)h(instructions,)h(transfer)g(con)o(trol)f(to)g(the)g(user)h -(program,)e(and)h(resp)q(ond)0 1580 y(appropriately)j(when)g(an)g(in)o -(terrupt)h(o)q(ccurs)g(or)f(an)g(instruction)g(is)g(executed)i(in)e(unrelo)q -(cated)h(41)f(or)g(61.)k(Core)0 1630 y(assignmen)o(t)13 b(is)h(made)e(b)o(y)i -(this)g(instruction.)p 0 1879 1495 4 v 0 1804 V -2 1877 4 75 -v 1493 1877 V 538 1877 V 579 1877 V 746 1877 V 12 1909 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1854 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)0 1771 y Fk(D)n(A)-5 b(T)g(A)n(O)18 b(APR,)d(Data)j(Out,)h -(Arithmetic)g(Pro)r(cesso)n(r)218 1853 y FD(70014)0 2004 y(Load)11 -b(the)i(protection)f(and)g(relo)q(cation)g(registers)h(from)d(the)j(con)o -(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(lo)q(cation)g Fu(E)j FD(as)e(sho)o(wn,)g(where)h -Fu(P)1704 2010 y Fr(l)1717 2004 y FD(,)e Fu(P)1767 2010 y Fr(h)1788 -2004 y FD(,)0 2054 y Fu(R)32 2060 y Fr(l)56 2054 y FD(and)i -Fu(R)168 2060 y Fr(h)201 2054 y FD(are)f(the)h(protection)g(and)f(relo)q -(cation)g(addresses)j(de\014ned)e(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e.)k(If)12 b(write{protect)i -(bit)e Fu(P)17 b FD(\(bit)12 b(17\))0 2104 y(is)i(1,)f(do)h(not)f(allo)o(w)g -(the)h(user)h(to)f(write)g(in)f(the)i(high)e(part)h(of)f(his)h(area.)p -0 2360 1495 2 v -1 2359 2 125 v 0 2236 1495 2 v 1494 2359 2 -125 v 124 2372 2 13 v 248 2372 V 373 2372 V 497 2372 V 622 -2372 V 746 2380 2 21 v 871 2372 2 13 v 995 2372 V 1120 2372 -V 1244 2372 V 1369 2372 V 303 2390 a Fp(7)p 331 2339 2 104 -v -308 w(0)p -1 2339 V 106 2294 a Fu(P)133 2300 y Fr(l)143 -2304 y Fd(18)p Fa(\000)p Fd(25)p 41 2359 2 21 v 82 2359 V 124 -2359 V 165 2359 V 207 2359 V 248 2359 V 290 2359 V 345 2390 -a Fp(8)p 373 2359 2 125 v -17 w(8)p 331 2359 V 306 w(16)p 705 -2339 2 104 v -316 w(9)p 373 2339 V 475 2294 a Fu(P)502 2300 -y Fr(h)521 2304 y Fd(18)p Fa(\000)p Fd(25)p 414 2359 2 21 v -456 2359 V 497 2359 V 539 2359 V 580 2359 V 622 2359 V 663 -2359 V 710 2390 a Fp(17)p 746 2339 2 104 v -34 w(17)p 705 2339 -V 708 2301 a Fy(P)710 2390 y Fp(17)p 746 2359 2 21 v -34 w(17)p -705 2359 V 298 w(25)p 1078 2339 2 104 v -325 w(18)p 746 2339 -V 851 2294 a Fu(R)883 2300 y Fr(l)893 2304 y Fd(18)p Fa(\000)p -Fd(25)p 788 2359 2 21 v 829 2359 V 871 2359 V 912 2359 V 954 -2359 V 995 2359 V 1037 2359 V 1083 2390 a Fp(26)p 1120 2359 -2 125 v -34 w(26)p 1078 2359 V 299 w(34)p 1452 2339 2 104 v --325 w(27)p 1120 2339 V 1220 2294 a Fu(R)1252 2300 y Fr(h)1271 -2304 y Fd(18)p Fa(\000)p Fd(25)p 1161 2359 2 21 v 1203 2359 -V 1244 2359 V 1286 2359 V 1328 2359 V 1369 2359 V 1411 2359 -V 1457 2390 a Fp(35)p 1494 2359 2 125 v -34 w(35)p 1452 2359 -V 0 2549 a Fy(Notes)p FD(.)28 b(F)m(or)17 b(a)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(part)g(nonreen)o -(tran)o(t)h(program,)e(set)j Fu(P)j FD(=)c(0.)27 b(F)m(or)17 -b(a)g(one{part)h(nonreen)o(tran)o(t)g(program,)0 2599 y(mak)o(e)12 -b Fu(P)135 2605 y Fr(h)167 2599 y FB(\024)g Fu(P)238 2605 y -Fr(l)250 2599 y FD(.)18 b(If)13 b(the)h(hardw)o(are)f(has)g(only)f(one)i(set) -g(of)e(protection)i(and)f(relo)q(cation)g(registers,)h(the)g(user)g(area)p -eop -%%Page: 483 143 -483 142 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(483)150 195 y(is)14 b(de\014ned)h(b)o(y)e Fu(P)419 -201 y Fr(l)446 195 y FD(and)g Fu(R)558 201 y Fr(l)571 195 y -FD(,)g(the)h(rest)i(of)d(the)h(w)o(ord)g(is)g(ignored.)150 -281 y(Giving)f(a)i Fx(JRSTF)f FD(with)h(a)f(1)h(in)f(bit)h(6)f(of)h(the)g(PC) -g(w)o(ord)g(allo)o(ws)e(the)j(user)g(to)f(handle)f(his)h(o)o(wn)g -(input{output.)150 330 y(The)f(Monitor)e(can)i(also)f(transfer)h(con)o(trol)f -(to)g(the)h(user)g(with)f(this)g(instruction)h(b)o(y)f(programming)d(a)j(1)f -(in)h(bit)g(5)150 380 y(of)g(the)g(PC)h(w)o(ord,)e(or)h(it)g(ma)o(y)f(jump)f -(to)i(the)h(user)g(program)e(with)g(a)h Fx(JRST)g(1,)g FD(whic)o(h)g -(automatically)d(sets)k(User.)150 430 y(The)g(set)h(state)g(of)e(this)h -(\015ag)f(implemen)o(ts)f(the)i(user)h(restrictions.)150 516 -y(While)c(User)j(is)e(set,)h(certain)g(instructions)g(are)g(not)f(part)g(of)g -(the)h(user)g(program)e(and)h(are)g(therefore)i(completely)150 -565 y(unrestricted,)23 b(namely)17 b(those)j(executed)i(in)d(the)h(in)o -(terrupt)g(lo)q(cations)f(\(whic)o(h)g(are)h(not)g(relo)q(cated\))g(and)f(in) -150 615 y(unrelo)q(cated)h(trap)f(lo)q(cations)f(41)h(and)g(61.)32 -b(Illegal)18 b(instructions)h(and)g(UUO)g(co)q(des)h(000)f(and)f(040{077)g -(are)150 665 y(trapp)q(ed)f(in)f(unrelo)q(cated)i(40;)e(co)q(des)i(100{127)d -(are)h(trapp)q(ed)i(in)e(unrelo)q(cated)h(60.)25 b(\(The)17 -b(trap)g(lo)q(cations)f(are)150 715 y(140{141)8 b(and)i(160{161)f(in)h(a)f -(second)j(KA10)e(pro)q(cessor.\))18 b Fx(BLKI)10 b FD(and)g -Fx(BLK)o(O)g FD(can)g(b)q(e)h(used)g(in)f(the)g(ev)o(en)h(in)o(terrupt)150 -765 y(lo)q(cations,)k(and)h(if)f(there)i(is)f(no)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w,)h -(the)g(pro)q(cessor)i(returns)g(to)d(the)i(in)o(terrupted)g(user)g(program.) -22 b(JSR)150 815 y(should)e(ordinarily)f(b)q(e)j(used)f(in)f(the)h(remaining) -e(ev)o(en)i(in)o(terrupt)g(lo)q(cations,)h(in)e(o)q(dd)g(in)o(terrupt)h(lo)q -(cations)150 864 y(follo)o(wing)14 b(blo)q(c)o(k)i(I/O)g(instructions,)i(and) -e(in)g(41)g(and)g(61.)26 b(The)17 b Fx(JSR)f FD(clears)h(User)h(and)e(should) -g(jump)f(to)h(the)150 914 y(Monitor.)h Fx(JSP)p FD(,)9 b Fx(PUSHJ)p -FD(,)h Fx(JSA)g FD(and)g Fx(JRST)h FD(are)g(acceptable)h(in)f(that)g(they)g -(clear)g(User,)h(but)g(the)f(\014rst)h(t)o(w)o(o)e(require)150 -964 y(an)i(accum)o(ulator)f(\(all)g(accum)o(ulators)g(should)h(b)q(e)h(a)o(v) -n(ailable)d(to)i(the)h(user\))h(and)e(the)h(latter)f(t)o(w)o(o)g(do)g(not)g -(sa)o(v)o(e)g(the)150 1014 y(\015ags.)150 1099 y(After)j(taking)e -(appropriate)h(action,)f(the)i(Monitor)f(can)g(return)h(to)f(the)h(user)g -(program)d(with)i(a)g Fx(JRSTF)f FD(or)h Fx(JEN)150 1149 y -FD(that)g(restores)i(the)e(\015ags)g(including)f(User)i(and)f(User)h(In{Out.) -150 1301 y Fz(4.3.8)55 b(Real)18 b(Time)f(Clo)r(c)n(k)h(DK10)150 -1413 y FD(This)d(pro)q(cessor)i(option)e(can)g(b)q(e)h(used)g(to)f(signal)f -(the)i(end)g(of)f(a)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(real)g(time)d(in)o(terv)n(al)i(or)g -(to)g(measure)150 1463 y(the)i(real)f(time)e(tak)o(en)j(b)o(y)e(an)h(ev)o(en) -o(t.)25 b(With)16 b(appropriate)g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(the)g(DK10)g(can)g(easily) -g(b)q(e)g(used)h(to)f(k)o(eep)150 1513 y(the)g(time)f(of)g(da)o(y)m(.)23 -b(The)16 b(basic)g(elemen)o(t)f(in)g(the)h(clo)q(c)o(k)1028 -1498 y Fp(81)1079 1513 y FD(is)g(an)g(18{bit)e(binary)i(coun)o(ter)g(that)g -(is)g(incremen)o(ted)150 1563 y(rep)q(eatedly)e(b)o(y)f(a)g(clo)q(c)o(k)g -(source;)h(a)f(100)22 b(kHz)32 b FB(\006)8 b Fu(:)p FD(01\045)j(crystal{con)o -(trolled)i(source)i(is)e(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(in)o(ternally)m(,)g(or)150 -1613 y(a)k(source)h(of)e(an)o(y)h(frequency)h(up)f(to)g(400)f(kHz)h(can)g(b)q -(e)h(pro)o(vided)f(externally)m(.)21 b(Op)q(eration)15 b(is)g(sync)o -(hronized)h(so)150 1663 y(that)g(the)g(program)e(can)i(read)g(the)g(coun)o -(ter)h(at)f(an)o(y)f(time)f(without)h(missing)f(a)i(coun)o(t.)23 -b(Asso)q(ciated)17 b(with)e(the)150 1712 y(coun)o(ter)j(is)e(an)h(18{bit)e -(in)o(terv)n(al)h(register,)i(whic)o(h)f(can)g(b)q(e)g(loaded)f(b)o(y)h(the)g -(program.)25 b(Eac)o(h)17 b(time)e(the)j(coun)o(t)150 1762 -y(reac)o(hes)c(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)d(held)i(in)f(the)i(register,)f(the)g -(clo)q(c)o(k)g(requests)i(an)d(in)o(terrupt)i(while)e(the)h(coun)o(ter)h -(clears)f(and)150 1812 y(b)q(egins)h(a)g(new)g(coun)o(t.)19 -b(With)13 b(the)i(in)o(ternal)e(clo)q(c)o(k)h(source,)h(whose)f(p)q(erio)q(d) -h(is)e(10)f Fu(\026)p FD(s,)h(the)i(total)e(coun)o(t)h(is)g(ab)q(out)150 -1862 y(2.6)f(seconds.)150 1947 y(The)i(program)f(turns)i(the)f(clo)q(c)o(k)g -(on)g(and)g(o\013)g(b)o(y)f(enabling)h(and)f(disabling)g(the)i(coun)o(ter.)22 -b(The)15 b(clo)q(c)o(k)g(has)g(t)o(w)o(o)150 1997 y(mo)q(des)h(of)h(op)q -(eration:)24 b(with)16 b(the)i(User)g(Time)d(\015ag)i(clear,)g(the)h(coun)o -(ter)g(op)q(erates)g(con)o(tin)o(uously;)f(with)g(User)150 -2047 y(Time)11 b(set,)i(the)g(coun)o(ter)h(stops)f(while)f(the)h(pro)q -(cessor)i(is)d(handling)f(in)o(terrupts.)19 b(Hence)14 b(in)e(the)h(latter)g -(mo)q(de)e(the)150 2097 y(clo)q(c)o(k)16 b(discoun)o(ts)h(in)o(terrupt)g -(time)d(and)i(can)g(b)q(e)h(used)g(to)f(time)f(user)i(programs.)23 -b(In)16 b(a)g(system)g(that)g(con)o(tains)150 2147 y(t)o(w)o(o)f(clo)q(c)o -(ks,)g(one)g(can)h(b)q(e)f(used)h(b)o(y)f(the)h(Monitor)f(to)f(time)g(user)i -(programs)e(while)h(the)h(other)f(is)g(used)h(to)f(k)o(eep)150 -2196 y(the)f(time)f(of)g(da)o(y)m(.)150 2282 y FA(Instructions)o -FD(.)25 b(The)18 b(clo)q(c)o(k)f(device)h(co)q(de)g(is)f(070,)g(mnemonic)e -(CLK.)i(A)g(second)h(clo)q(c)o(k)g(w)o(ould)e(ha)o(v)o(e)h(device)150 -2332 y(co)q(de)e(074.)p 150 2358 720 2 v 181 2385 a Fo(81)214 -2397 y Fn(The)e(clo)q(c)o(k)e(referred)g(to)i(throughout)d(this)i(section)g -(is)h(the)f(DK10)h(real)f(time)g(clo)q(c)o(k)g(and)g(should)f(not)i(b)q(e)f -(confused)f(with)i(the)150 2436 y(line)e(frequency)d(clo)q(c)o(k)j(whose)g -(\015ag)f(is)i(one)f(of)g(the)f(pro)q(cessor)g(conditions)f(\()p -Fj(x)o Fn(4.3.3)h(or)h Fj(x)p Fn(4.3.6\).)p eop -%%Page: 484 144 -484 143 bop 0 50 a FD(484)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)p 0 355 1495 4 v 0 280 V -2 353 4 75 v 1493 -353 V 538 353 V 579 353 V 746 353 V 12 384 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 330 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)0 246 y Fk(CONO)17 b(CLK,)43 b(Conditions)21 b(Out,)d(Clo)r(ck)218 -329 y FD(70720)0 480 y(Assign)h(the)h(in)o(terrupt)g(lev)o(el)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(bits)g(33{35)f(of)h(the)h(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(conditions)e -Fu(E)i FD(and)e(p)q(erform)f(the)0 530 y(functions)c(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f -(bits)g(23{32)f(as)h(sho)o(wn)g(\(a)f(1)h(in)g(a)f(bit)h(pro)q(duces)h(the)g -(indicated)f(function,)f(a)g(0)h(has)g(no)0 580 y(e\013ect\).)p -0 900 1495 2 v -1 900 2 187 v 0 714 1495 2 v 1494 900 2 187 -v 248 912 2 13 v 497 912 V 746 912 V 995 912 V 1244 912 V 25 -930 a Fp(18)p 82 900 2 187 v -34 w(18)p -1 900 V 49 w(19)p -165 900 V -34 w(19)p 82 900 V 49 w(20)p 248 900 V -34 w(20)p -165 900 V 49 w(21)p 331 900 V -34 w(21)p 248 900 V 49 w(22)p -414 900 V -34 w(22)p 331 900 V 49 w(23)p 497 900 V -34 w(23)p -414 900 V 437 773 a Fd(Set)419 800 y(Coun)o(t)420 826 y(Ov)o(er{)431 -853 y(flo)o(w)523 930 y Fp(24)p 580 900 V -34 w(24)p 497 900 -V 520 787 a Fd(Set)502 813 y(Coun)o(t)508 840 y(Done)606 930 -y Fp(25)p 663 900 V -34 w(25)p 580 900 V 585 813 a Fd(Coun)o(t)689 -930 y Fp(26)p 746 900 V -34 w(26)p 663 900 V 673 800 a Fd(Clear)671 -827 y(Clo)q(c)o(k)772 930 y Fp(27)p 829 900 V -34 w(27)p 746 -900 V 756 787 a Fd(Clear)761 813 y(User)757 840 y(Time)855 -930 y Fp(28)p 912 900 V -34 w(28)p 829 900 V 852 787 a Fd(Set)844 -813 y(User)840 840 y(Time)938 930 y Fp(29)p 995 900 V -34 w(29)p -912 900 V 925 786 a Fd(T)n(urn)920 813 y(Clo)q(c)o(k)935 840 -y(Off)1021 930 y Fp(30)p 1078 900 V -34 w(30)p 995 900 V 1008 -787 a Fd(T)n(urn)1003 813 y(Clo)q(c)o(k)1019 840 y(On)1104 -930 y Fp(31)p 1161 900 V -34 w(31)p 1078 900 V 1088 773 a Fd(Clear)1083 -800 y(Coun)o(t)1084 827 y(Ov)o(er{)1095 853 y(flo)o(w)1187 -930 y Fp(32)p 1244 900 V -34 w(32)p 1161 900 V 1171 787 a Fd(Clear)1166 -813 y(Coun)o(t)1172 840 y(Done)1436 930 y Fp(35)p 1494 879 -2 167 v -200 w(33)p 1244 879 V 1321 770 a Fd(Priorit)o(y)1313 -801 y(In)o(terrupt)1299 831 y(Assignmen)o(t)1353 930 y Fp(34)p -1411 900 2 21 v -34 w(34)p 1328 900 V 0 1089 a FD(A)i(1)g(in)f(bit)h(26)f -(clears)i(the)f(clo)q(c)o(k)g(coun)o(ter)h(and)e(the)i(Coun)o(t)f(Done,)f -(Coun)o(t)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(and)g(User)h(Time)e(\015ags,)0 -1139 y(turns)k(o\013)g(the)g(clo)q(c)o(k,)g(and)g(drops)g(the)g(PI)g -(assignmen)o(t)e(\(assigns)i(zero\).)33 b(The)19 b(e\013ect)h(of)e(giving)f -(con\015icting)0 1189 y(conditions)d(is)f(indeterminate.)0 -1274 y(A)h(1)g(in)f(bit)h(25)f(incremen)o(ts)h(the)g(coun)o(ter)h(pro)o -(vided)f(the)h(clo)q(c)o(k)f(is)f(o\013)h(\(this)g(is)g(for)f(main)o(tenance) -g(only\).)p 0 1525 1495 4 v 0 1451 V -2 1524 4 75 v 1493 1524 -V 538 1524 V 579 1524 V 746 1524 V 12 1555 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 -b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)548 1501 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 -b(Y)0 1417 y Fk(CONI)18 b(CLK,)66 b(Conditions)21 b(In,)e(Clo)r(ck)218 -1500 y FD(70724)0 1651 y(Read)14 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(the)h(in)o -(terv)n(al)e(register)i(in)o(to)f(the)h(left)f(half)f(of)h(lo)q(cation)f -Fu(E)j FD(and)e(read)h(the)g(status)g(of)e(the)0 1701 y(clo)q(c)o(k)h(in)o -(to)f(bits)h(26{35)f(as)h(sho)o(wn)g(\(asterisks)h(indicate)f(bits)f(that)h -(can)h(cause)f(in)o(terrupts\).)p 0 2042 1495 2 v -1 2041 2 -187 v 0 1855 1495 2 v 1494 2041 2 187 v 248 2054 2 13 v 497 -2054 V 746 2054 V 995 2054 V 1244 2054 V 25 2072 a Fp(18)p -82 2041 2 187 v -34 w(18)p -1 2041 V 49 w(19)p 165 2041 V -34 -w(19)p 82 2041 V 49 w(20)p 248 2041 V -34 w(20)p 165 2041 V -49 w(21)p 331 2041 V -34 w(21)p 248 2041 V 49 w(22)p 414 2041 -V -34 w(22)p 331 2041 V 49 w(23)p 497 2041 V -34 w(23)p 414 -2041 V 49 w(24)p 580 2041 V -34 w(24)p 497 2041 V 49 w(25)p -663 2041 V -34 w(25)p 580 2041 V 49 w(26)p 746 2041 V -34 w(26)p -663 2041 V 682 1928 a Fd(Ex{)669 1955 y(ternal)665 1982 y(Source)772 -2072 y Fp(27)p 829 2041 V -34 w(27)p 746 2041 V 49 w(28)p 912 -2041 V -34 w(28)p 829 2041 V 844 1942 a Fd(User)840 1968 y(Time)938 -2072 y Fp(29)p 995 2041 V -34 w(29)p 912 2041 V 49 w(30)p 1078 -2041 V -34 w(30)p 995 2041 V 1003 1942 a Fd(Clo)q(c)o(k)1019 -1969 y(On)1104 2072 y Fp(31)p 1161 2041 V -34 w(31)p 1078 2041 -V 1083 1928 a Fd(Coun)o(t)1084 1955 y(Ov)o(er{)1095 1982 y(flo)o(w)1187 -2072 y Fp(32)p 1244 2041 V -34 w(32)p 1161 2041 V 1166 1942 -a Fd(Coun)o(t)1172 1968 y(Done)1112 1850 y Fn(*)65 b(*)1436 -2072 y Fp(35)p 1494 2021 2 167 v -200 w(33)p 1244 2021 V 1321 -1912 a Fd(Priorit)o(y)1313 1943 y(In)o(terrupt)1299 1973 y(Assignmen)o(t)1353 -2072 y Fp(34)p 1411 2041 2 21 v -34 w(34)p 1328 2041 V 0 2231 -a FD(In)o(terrupts)15 b(are)g(requested)h(on)d(the)i(assigned)f(lev)o(el)g(b) -o(y)f(the)i(setting)f(of)f(Coun)o(t)h(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(and)g(Coun)o(t)g -(Done.)0 2298 y(26)49 b(The)15 b(coun)o(ter)g(is)e(connected)j(to)e(an)f -(external)i(source)g(\(0)f(indicates)g(the)g(in)o(ternal)g(source)h(is)f -(connected\).)0 2384 y(28)49 b(The)20 b(coun)o(ter)f(cannot)g(b)q(e)h -(incremen)o(ted)f(while)f(an)h(in)o(terrupt)g(is)g(b)q(eing)f(held)h(or)g(a)g -(request)h(has)f(b)q(een)91 2434 y(accepted)e(and)e(the)g(lev)o(el)g(is)g(w)o -(aiting)e(for)i(an)g(in)o(terrupt)g(to)g(start.)22 b(Note)15 -b(that)g(to)g(time)f(a)g(user)i(prop)q(erly)m(,)91 2484 y(the)f(Monitor)e(m)o -(ust)g(also)g(comp)q(ensate)h(for)g(an)o(y)f(nonin)o(terrupt)i(time)d(tak)o -(en)i(from)f(the)h(user.)p eop -%%Page: 485 145 -485 144 bop 150 50 a Ft(4.3.)31 b(KI10)13 b(AND)h(KA10)g(SYSTEM)g(OPERA)m -(TIONS)847 b FD(485)p 150 355 1495 4 v 150 280 V 148 353 4 -75 v 1643 353 V 688 353 V 729 353 V 896 353 V 162 384 a Fn(0)471 -b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 330 y Fy(I)76 -b(X)434 b(Y)150 246 y Fk(D)n(A)-5 b(T)g(A)n(O)18 b(CLK,)i(Data)e(Out,)h(Clo)r -(ck)368 329 y FD(70714)150 480 y(Load)13 b(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)i -(righ)o(t)e(half)g(of)g(lo)q(cation)g Fu(E)j FD(in)o(to)d(the)i(in)o(terv)n -(al)e(register.)150 565 y Fy(Notes)p FD(.)38 b(The)20 b(comparison)f(of)h -(the)h(coun)o(ter)h(against)e(the)h(in)o(terv)n(al)e(register)j(that)e(follo) -o(ws)f(ev)o(ery)i(coun)o(t)g(is)150 615 y(inhibited)13 b(while)h(this)g -(instruction)g(is)g(loading)e(the)i(register.)p 150 864 1495 -4 v 150 789 V 148 863 4 75 v 1643 863 V 688 863 V 729 863 V -896 863 V 162 894 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 b(18)670 -b(35)698 839 y Fy(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)150 756 y Fk(D)n(A)-5 b(T)g(AI)18 -b(CLK,)42 b(Data)18 b(In,)h(Clo)r(ck)368 839 y FD(70704)150 -990 y(Read)14 b(the)g(curren)o(t)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)e(of)g(the)g(clo)q(c)o(k)g -(coun)o(ter)h(in)o(to)e(the)i(righ)o(t)e(half)g(of)g(lo)q(cation)g -Fu(E)r FD(.)150 1075 y Fy(Notes)p FD(.)20 b(The)15 b(coun)o(ter)g(is)g(alw)o -(a)o(ys)e(stable)i(while)f(b)q(eing)g(read,)h(and)f(an)o(y)h(coun)o(t)f(held) -h(bac)o(k)f(is)h(pic)o(k)o(ed)f(up)h(imme-)150 1125 y(diately)e(afterw)o -(ard.)150 1211 y(Initially)g(the)i(program)f(should)g(giv)o(e)h(a)f -Fx(CONO)g(CLK,1000)g FD(to)g(clear)i(the)f(clo)q(c)o(k,)g(and)g(then)g(giv)o -(e)g(a)f Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)f FD(to)150 1260 y(select)h(the)f(in)o(terv)n -(al)f(and)h(a)f Fx(CONO)g FD(to)g(turn)h(on)g(the)g(clo)q(c)o(k,)f(select)i -(the)g(mo)q(de,)d(and)i(assign)f(the)h(in)o(terrupt)h(lev)o(el.)150 -1310 y(F)m(ollo)o(wing)8 b(turn)k(on)e(the)i(\014rst)f(coun)o(t)h(ma)o(y)c(o) -q(ccur)k(at)f(an)o(y)g(time)e(up)i(to)g(the)g(full)f(p)q(erio)q(d)h(of)f(the) -i(source.)18 b(When)11 b(the)150 1360 y(coun)o(t)j(reac)o(hes)h(the)f(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(in)o(terv)n(al,)d(Coun)o(t)i(Done)f(sets,)h(requesting)h(an)e -(in)o(terrupt)i(on)e(the)h(assigned)g(lev)o(el.)150 1410 y(A)o(t)j(the)h -(same)e(time,)g(the)h(coun)o(ter)h(clears)g(and)f(a)g(new)g(coun)o(t)g(b)q -(egins)h(with)e(the)i(next)f(pulse.)28 b(The)18 b(program)150 -1460 y(should)f(resp)q(ond)i(with)e(a)g Fx(CONO)f FD(to)h(clear)h(Coun)o(t)f -(Done.)29 b(Remem)o(b)q(er)15 b(that)j(although)e(a)h Fx(CONO)g -FD(need)h(not)150 1509 y(a\013ect)d(the)f(mo)q(de)f(or)h(the)h(clo)q(c)o(k)e -(state,)i(ev)o(ery)f Fx(CONO)f FD(m)o(ust)g(renew)i(the)g(PI)f(assignmen)o -(t.)150 1595 y(The)d(in)o(terv)n(al)f(can)h(b)q(e)g(c)o(hanged)g(at)g(an)o(y) -f(time)f(simply)g(b)o(y)h(giving)f(a)i Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)d -FD(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)j(if)f(the)i(program)d(do)q(es)i(not)150 -1645 y(clear)i(the)h(coun)o(ter)g(at)f(the)g(same)f(time,)g(then)h(it)g -(should)g(mak)o(e)e(sure)j(that)f(the)h(coun)o(t)f(has)g(not)g(y)o(et)g(reac) -o(hed)h(the)150 1695 y(v)n(alue)f(of)h(the)h(new)f(in)o(terv)n(al.)k(If)c -(the)g(coun)o(t)h(is)f(already)f(b)q(ey)o(ond)i(that)f(p)q(oin)o(t,)f(the)i -(coun)o(ter)g(will)e(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(un)o(til)150 1744 y(it)i(o)o(v)o -(er\015o)o(ws.)24 b(When)16 b(the)h(coun)o(ter)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(ws,)f -(either)h(b)q(ecause)h(the)e(coun)o(t)h(started)g(to)q(o)e(high,)h(the)h -(program)150 1794 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(the)e(maxim)o(um)12 b(coun)o(t)18 -b(\(2)747 1779 y Fp(18)799 1794 y FD(is)f(selected)i(b)o(y)e(loading)e -(zero\),)j(or)g(there)g(is)f(a)g(malfunction)d(of)j(some)150 -1844 y(sort,)d(Coun)o(t)g(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)g(sets,)h(requesting)f(an)g(in)o -(terrupt,)g(and)g(a)g(new)g(coun)o(t)g(b)q(egins.)150 1930 -y(T)m(o)f(use)h(the)g(clo)q(c)o(k)f(to)h(time)e(some)g(op)q(eration,)h(turn)h -(it)f(on)g(with)g(the)h(coun)o(ter)h(at)e(zero.)19 b(F)m(or)13 -b(a)g(coun)o(ter)h(reading)150 1979 y(of)f Fu(C)s FD(,)g(the)i(elapsed)f -(time)f(is)954 2029 y Fu(T)6 b FD(\()p Fu(C)12 b FD(+)d Fu(nI)s -FD(\))150 2095 y(where)15 b Fu(T)k FD(is)13 b(the)h(p)q(erio)q(d)g(of)f(the)h -(source,)g Fu(n)f FD(is)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(clo)q(c)o(k)h(in)o -(terrupts)g(since)g(the)h(clo)q(c)o(k)e(w)o(as)g(started,)150 -2145 y(and)19 b Fu(I)j FD(is)c(the)i(in)o(terv)n(al)e(selected)i(b)o(y)f(the) -g(program.)31 b(T)m(o)18 b(cause)i(the)f(clo)q(c)o(k)g(to)f(request)j(an)d -(in)o(terrupt)i(after)150 2194 y Fu(T)13 b FB(\002)7 b Fu(n)k(\026)p -FD(s,)i(where)h Fu(n)d FB(\024)h FD(2)548 2179 y Fp(18)595 -2194 y FD(and)h Fu(T)19 b FD(is)12 b(the)h(p)q(erio)q(d)g(of)f(the)i(source)f -(in)g(microseconds,)f(load)g(the)h(in)o(terv)n(al)f(register)150 -2244 y(with)f Fu(n)h FD(expressed)h(in)e(binary)m(.)17 b(There)12 -b(is)g(an)f(a)o(v)o(erage)g(indeterminacy)g(of)g(half)f(a)i(coun)o(t)f(ev)o -(ery)i(time)d(the)i(coun)o(ter)150 2294 y(starts)j(and)e(stops.)19 -b(Therefore,)c(when)f(the)g(clo)q(c)o(k)g(is)g(k)o(eeping)g(user)h(time,)d -(there)j(is)e(an)h(a)o(v)o(erage)g(indeterminacy)150 2344 y(of)g(one)h(coun)o -(t)g(for)g(ev)o(ery)g Fy(gr)n(oup)g FD(of)f(o)o(v)o(erlapping)g(in)o -(terrupts)i(an)o(y)e(requests)j(\(not)d(for)h(ev)o(ery)g(in)o(terrupt,)h(as)e -(the)150 2394 y(coun)o(ter)h(is)f(inhibited)f(while)g(there)i(is)f(an)o(y)g -(request)h(or)f(in)o(terrupt)h(b)q(eing)e(held\).)150 2479 -y(F)m(or)e(k)o(eeping)g(the)i(time)d(of)g(da)o(y)m(,)h(the)h(program)e(can)h -(use)i(a)e(memory)e(lo)q(cation)h(to)i(main)o(tain)c(a)j(coun)o(t)h(of)f(the) -h(clo)q(c)o(k)150 2529 y(in)o(terrupts.)18 b(The)12 b(lo)q(cation)e(should)h -(b)q(e)g(cleared)h(at)f(midnigh)o(t)e(|)h(note)i(that)f(an)g(error)h(of)e -(.01\045)g(amoun)o(ts)f(to)i(8.64)150 2579 y(seconds)16 b(in)d(24)h(hours)h -(|)e(and)h(the)h(time)e(can)i(b)q(e)f(determined)h(b)o(y)f(com)o(bining)d -(its)k(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(with)f(the)g(curren)o(t)150 2629 y(con)o(ten)o(ts)j -(of)f(the)h(clo)q(c)o(k)f(coun)o(ter.)26 b(If)15 b(the)i(lo)q(cation)f -(itself)f(is)h(to)g(b)q(e)h(used)g(as)f(a)g(lo)o(w)g(resolution)g(clo)q(c)o -(k)g(k)o(ept)g(in)p eop -%%Page: 486 146 -486 145 bop 0 50 a FD(486)966 b Ft(CHAPTER)14 b(4.)31 b(EARLIER)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSORS)0 195 y FD(hours,)f(min)o(utes)e(and)i(seconds,)h(it)e(is)g -(b)q(etter)j(to)d(use)i(a)e(more)f(con)o(v)o(enien)o(t)i(in)o(terv)n(al)f -(than)h(the)g(full)e(coun)o(t.)18 b(Using)0 245 y(the)f(in)o(ternal)g -(source,)h(an)f(in)o(terv)n(al)f(of)g(2.5)g(seconds,)i(whic)o(h)f(is)g(o)q -(ctal)f(750220,)g(is)g(the)i(most)e(straigh)o(tforw)o(ard)0 -295 y(in)o(terv)n(al)d(with)h(the)g(few)o(est)h(in)o(terrupts.)k(T)m(o)13 -b(in)o(terrupt)i(ev)o(ery)f(second)h(the)g(in)o(terv)n(al)e(w)o(ould)g(b)q(e) -h(303240.)p eop -%%Trailer -end -userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if -%%EOF -%!PS-Adobe-2.0 -%%Creator: dvips 5.497 Copyright 1986, 1992 Radical Eye Software -%%Title: architecture.dvi -%%CreationDate: Wed Jan 13 12:29:34 1999 -%%Pages: 99 -%%PageOrder: Ascend -%%BoundingBox: 0 0 612 792 -%%EndComments -%DVIPSCommandLine: DVIPS -oarch-part5.psf -p487 architecture -%DVIPSSource: TeX output 1999.01.13:1153 -%%BeginProcSet: tex.pro -/TeXDict 250 dict def -TeXDict begin -/N{def}def -/B{bind def}N -/S{exch}N -/X{S N}B -/TR{translate}N -/isls false N -/vsize 11 72 mul N -/@rigin{isls{[0 -1 1 0 0 0] concat} - if 72 Resolution div 72 VResolution div neg scale - isls{Resolution hsize -72 div mul 0 TR} - if Resolution VResolution vsize -72 div 1 add mul TR matrix - currentmatrix dup dup 4 get round 4 exch put - dup dup 5 get round 5 exch put - setmatrix}N -/@landscape{/isls true N}B -/@manualfeed{statusdict /manualfeed true put}B -/@copies{/#copies X}B -/FMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N -/FBB[0 0 0 0]N -/nn 0 N -/IE 0 N -/ctr 0 N -/df-tail{/nn 8 dict N nn begin - /FontType 3 N - /FontMatrix fntrx N - /FontBBox FBB N - string /base X array /BitMaps X - /BuildChar{CharBuilder}N - /Encoding IE N - end - dup{/foo setfont}2 array copy cvx N load 0 nn put - /ctr 0 N[}B - -/df{/sf 1 N /fntrx FMat N df-tail}B -/dfs{div /sf X /fntrx[sf 0 0 sf neg 0 0]N df-tail}B - -/E{pop nn dup definefont setfont}B - -/ch-width{ch-data dup length 5 sub get}B -/ch-height{ch-data dup length 4 sub get}B -/ch-xoff{128 ch-data dup length 3 sub get sub}B -/ch-yoff{ch-data dup length 2 sub get 127 sub}B -/ch-dx{ch-data dup length 1 sub get}B -/ch-image{ch-data dup type /stringtype ne{ctr get /ctr ctr 1 add N}if}B -/id 0 N -/rw 0 N -/rc 0 N -/gp 0 N -/cp 0 N -/G 0 N -/sf 0 N - -/CharBuilder{save 3 1 roll S dup - /base get 2 index get S - /BitMaps get S get - /ch-data X pop - /ctr 0 N - ch-dx 0 ch-xoff ch-yoff ch-height sub ch-xoff ch-width - add ch-yoff setcachedevice ch-width ch-height true - [1 0 0 -1 -.1 ch-xoff sub ch-yoff .1 add]{ch-image} - imagemask restore}B - -/D{/cc X dup type /stringtype ne{]}if nn - /base get cc ctr put nn - /BitMaps get S ctr S sf 1 ne - {dup dup length 1 sub dup 2 index S get sf div put}if - put /ctr ctr 1 add N}B - -/I{cc 1 add D}B -/bop{userdict /bop-hook known{bop-hook}if /SI save N - @rigin 0 0 moveto - /V matrix currentmatrix dup 1 get dup mul exch 0 get dup mul add .99 - lt{/QV}{/RV}ifelse load def pop pop}N - -/eop{SI restore showpage userdict /eop-hook known{eop-hook}if}N - -/@start{userdict /start-hook known{start-hook} - if pop /VResolution X /Resolution X 1000 div - /DVImag X /IE 256 array N 0 1 255 - {IE S 1 string dup 0 3 index put cvn put} - for 65781.76 div /vsize X 65781.76 div /hsize X}N -/p{show}N -/RMat[1 0 0 -1 0 0]N -/BDot 260 string N -/rulex 0 N -/ruley 0 N -/v{/ruley X /rulex X V}B -/V{}B -/RV statusdict begin /product where{ - pop product dup length 7 ge - {0 7 getinterval dup(Display)eq exch 0 4 getinterval(NeXT)eq or} - {pop false}ifelse}{false}ifelse end - {{gsave TR -.1 -.1 TR 1 1 scale rulex ruley false - RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}} - {{gsave TR -.1 -.1 TR rulex ruley scale - 1 1 false RMat{BDot}imagemask grestore}} ifelse B -/QV{gsave transform round exch round exch itransform moveto - rulex 0 rlineto 0 ruley neg rlineto rulex neg 0 rlineto fill grestore}B -/a{moveto}B -/delta 0 N -/tail{dup /delta X 0 rmoveto}B -/M{S p delta add tail}B -/b{S p tail}B -/c{-4 M}B -/d{-3 M}B -/e{-2 M}B -/f{-1 M}B -/g{0 M}B -/h{1 M}B -/i{2 M}B -/j{3 M}B -/k{4 M}B -/w{0 rmoveto}B -/l{p -4 w}B -/m{p -3 w}B -/n{p -2 w}B -/o{p -1 w}B -/q{p 1 w}B -/r{p 2 w}B -/s{p 3 w}B -/t{p 4 w}B -/x{0 S rmoveto}B -/y{3 2 roll p a}B -/bos{/SS save N}B -/eos{SS restore}B end -%%EndProcSet -%%BeginProcSet: special.pro -TeXDict begin /SDict 200 dict N SDict begin /@SpecialDefaults{/hs 612 N /vs -792 N /ho 0 N /vo 0 N /hsc 1 N /vsc 1 N /ang 0 N /CLIP 0 N /rwiSeen false N -/rhiSeen false N /letter{}N /note{}N /a4{}N /legal{}N}B /@scaleunit 100 N -/@hscale{@scaleunit div /hsc X}B /@vscale{@scaleunit div /vsc X}B /@hsize{/hs -X /CLIP 1 N}B /@vsize{/vs X /CLIP 1 N}B /@clip{/CLIP 2 N}B /@hoffset{/ho X}B -/@voffset{/vo X}B /@angle{/ang X}B /@rwi{10 div /rwi X /rwiSeen true N}B /@rhi -{10 div /rhi X /rhiSeen true N}B /@llx{/llx X}B /@lly{/lly X}B /@urx{/urx X}B -/@ury{/ury X}B /magscale true def end /@MacSetUp{userdict /md known{userdict -/md get type /dicttype eq{userdict begin md length 10 add md maxlength ge{/md -md dup length 20 add dict copy def}if end md begin /letter{}N /note{}N /legal{ -}N /od{txpose 1 0 mtx defaultmatrix dtransform S atan/pa X newpath clippath -mark{transform{itransform moveto}}{transform{itransform lineto}}{6 -2 roll -transform 6 -2 roll transform 6 -2 roll transform{itransform 6 2 roll -itransform 6 2 roll itransform 6 2 roll curveto}}{{closepath}}pathforall -newpath counttomark array astore /gc xdf pop ct 39 0 put 10 fz 0 fs 2 -F/|______Courier fnt invertflag{PaintBlack}if}N /txpose{pxs pys scale ppr -aload pop por{noflips{pop S neg S TR pop 1 -1 scale}if xflip yflip and{pop S -neg S TR 180 rotate 1 -1 scale ppr 3 get ppr 1 get neg sub neg ppr 2 get ppr 0 -get neg sub neg TR}if xflip yflip not and{pop S neg S TR pop 180 rotate ppr 3 -get ppr 1 get neg sub neg 0 TR}if yflip xflip not and{ppr 1 get neg ppr 0 get -neg TR}if}{noflips{TR pop pop 270 rotate 1 -1 scale}if xflip yflip and{TR pop -pop 90 rotate 1 -1 scale ppr 3 get ppr 1 get neg sub neg ppr 2 get ppr 0 get -neg sub neg TR}if xflip yflip not and{TR pop pop 90 rotate ppr 3 get ppr 1 get -neg sub neg 0 TR}if yflip xflip not and{TR pop pop 270 rotate ppr 2 get ppr 0 -get neg sub neg 0 S TR}if}ifelse scaleby96{ppr aload pop 4 -1 roll add 2 div 3 -1 roll add 2 div 2 copy TR .96 dup scale neg S neg S TR}if}N /cp{pop pop -showpage pm restore}N end}if}if}N /normalscale{Resolution 72 div VResolution -72 div neg scale magscale{DVImag dup scale}if 0 setgray}N /psfts{S 65781.76 -div N}N /startTexFig{/psf$SavedState save N userdict maxlength dict begin -/magscale false def normalscale currentpoint TR /psf$ury psfts /psf$urx psfts -/psf$lly psfts /psf$llx psfts /psf$y psfts /psf$x psfts currentpoint /psf$cy X -/psf$cx X /psf$sx psf$x psf$urx psf$llx sub div N /psf$sy psf$y psf$ury -psf$lly sub div N psf$sx psf$sy scale psf$cx psf$sx div psf$llx sub psf$cy -psf$sy div psf$ury sub TR /showpage{}N /erasepage{}N /copypage{}N /p 3 def -@MacSetUp}N /doclip{psf$llx psf$lly psf$urx psf$ury currentpoint 6 2 roll -newpath 4 copy 4 2 roll moveto 6 -1 roll S lineto S lineto S lineto closepath -clip newpath moveto}N /endTexFig{end psf$SavedState restore}N /@beginspecial{ -SDict begin /SpecialSave save N gsave normalscale currentpoint TR -@SpecialDefaults count /ocount X /dcount countdictstack N}N /@setspecial{CLIP -1 eq{newpath 0 0 moveto hs 0 rlineto 0 vs rlineto hs neg 0 rlineto closepath -clip}if ho vo TR hsc vsc scale ang rotate rwiSeen{rwi urx llx sub div rhiSeen{ -rhi ury lly sub div}{dup}ifelse scale llx neg lly neg TR}{rhiSeen{rhi ury lly -sub div dup scale llx neg lly neg TR}if}ifelse CLIP 2 eq{newpath llx lly -moveto urx lly lineto urx ury lineto llx ury lineto closepath clip}if -/showpage{}N /erasepage{}N /copypage{}N newpath}N /@endspecial{count ocount -sub{pop}repeat countdictstack dcount sub{end}repeat grestore SpecialSave -restore end}N /@defspecial{SDict begin}N /@fedspecial{end}B /li{lineto}B /rl{ -rlineto}B /rc{rcurveto}B /np{/SaveX currentpoint /SaveY X N 1 setlinecap -newpath}N /st{stroke SaveX SaveY moveto}N /fil{fill SaveX SaveY moveto}N -/ellipse{/endangle X /startangle X /yrad X /xrad X /savematrix matrix -currentmatrix N TR xrad yrad scale 0 0 1 startangle endangle arc savematrix -setmatrix}N end -%%EndProcSet -TeXDict begin 40258431 52099146 1000 300 300 -(/dxx/documentation/toad/architecture/architecture.dvi) @start -/Fa 2 104 df<0000F80003C0000F00001E00003C000078000078000078000078000078000078 -000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078 -0000780000F00000F00001E000078000FE0000FE000007800001E00000F00000F0000078000078 -000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078 -00007800007800007800007800007800003C00001E00000F000003C00000F8153C7CAC1E>102 -DI -E /Fb 91 127 df<3078FCFCFCFCFCFCFCFCFCFCFCFCFCFCFCFCFCFCFCFCFC7C78000000000000 -3078FCFC7830062574A41F>33 D<200100780780F807C0F807C0F807C0F807C0F807C0F807C0F8 -07C078078078078078078078078078078078078078078078078070038012127AA51F>I<00E038 -0001F07C0001F07C0001F07C0001F07C0001F07C0001F07C0001F07C0001F07C003FFFFF007FFF -FF80FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC07FFFFF8003E0F80003E0F80003E0F80003E0F80007E1F80007C1F00007 -C1F00007C1F00007C1F0007FFFFF80FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC07FFFFF803FFFFF000F83E0000F83E000 -0F83E0000F83E0000F83E0000F83E0000F83E0000F83E0000701C0001A257EA41F>I<001C0000 -3C00003C00003C00003C0000FF0003FFE00FFFF01FFFFC3F3CFC7C3C3E783C1EF83C0FF03C0FF0 -3C1FF03C1FF03C0E783C007C3C003E3C003FFC001FFE0007FFC001FFF0003FF8003DFC003C7C00 -3C3E003C1E703C0FF83C0FF83C0FF83C0FF03C0FF83C1E783C3E7C3C7C3F3DFC1FFFF80FFFF003 -FFC000FE00003C00003C00003C00003C00001C00182F7DA91F>I<0C001C003F003E003F003E00 -7F807E0073807C00E1C07C00E1C0FC00E1C0F800E1C0F800E1C1F800E1C1F000E1C1F0007383F0 -007F83E0003F03E0003F07E0000C07C000000FC000000F8000000F8000001F8000001F0000001F -0000003F0000003E0000003E0000007E0000007C0000007C000000FC000000F8000001F80C0001 -F03F0001F07F8003F07F8003E0738003E0E1C007E0E1C007C0E1C007C0E1C00FC0E1C00F80E1C0 -0F8073801F807F801F007F801F003F000E000C001A2F7EA91F>I<00F0000003F8000003FC0000 -07FC0000071E00000F0E00000E0E00000E0E00000E0E00000E0E00000E0E00000E1E7FC00E3CFF -C00E7CFFC007787FC007F0380007F0380007E0380007C070000F8070001F8070003FC0E0007DC0 -E00078E0E00078E1C000F071C000F07B8000F03B8000F01F0000F01F01C0F00E01C0781F81C078 -7FC3C03FFBFF803FF1FF801FE0FF0007803C001A257EA41F>I<0E001F003F803F801FC00FC003 -C003C003C003C0078007800F001F007E00FC00F80060000A1276A41F>I<000F001F003E007C00 -F801F003E007C00F800F001E001E003C003C003C00780078007800F000F000F000F000F000F000 -F000F000F000F000F0007800780078003C003C003C001E001E000F000F8007C003E001F000F800 -7C003F001F000F102F77A91F>I<7000F8007C003E001F000F8007C003E001F000F00078007800 -3C003C003C001E001E001E000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F001E001E001E -003C003C003C0078007800F001F003E007C00F801F003E007C00F8007000102F7BA91F>I<0018 -00003C00003C00003C00003C00203C04783C1EFC3C3F7F3CFE3FBDFC0FFFF003FFC000FF0000FF -0003FFC00FFFF03FBDFC7F3CFEFC3C3F783C1E203C04003C00003C00003C00003C00001800181A -7D9E1F>I<000E0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F -0000001F0000001F00007FFFFF80FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC07FFFFF80001F0000001F000000 -1F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000001F0000000E00001A1B7E9F -1F>I<1C003F007F007F807F803F801F8007800F800F001F007E00FC00F8006000090F75861F>I< -7FFFFEFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF7FFFFE18057D941F>I<387CFEFEFE7C38070774861F>I<00000E00 -001F00001F00003F00003E00007E00007C00007C0000FC0000F80001F80001F00003F00003E000 -07E00007C0000FC0000F80000F80001F80001F00003F00003E00007E00007C0000FC0000F80001 -F80001F00001F00003F00003E00007E00007C0000FC0000F80001F80001F00003F00003E00003E -00007E00007C0000FC0000F80000F80000700000182F7DA91F>I<007E0001FF8003FFC007FFE0 -0FC3F01F00F81E00783E007C3C003C7C003E78001E78001E78001EF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000F -F0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF8001F78001E78001E78001E7C003E3C003C3E007C -1F00F81F81F80FC3F007FFE003FFC001FF80007E0018257DA41F>I<00700000700000F00000F0 -0001F00003F00007F0007FF000FFF000FEF000F8F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F0 -0000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F0 -0000F00000F00000F0007FFFE0FFFFF0FFFFF07FFFE014257AA41F>I<00FE0003FFC00FFFE01F -FFF83E03FC7C007C78003EF0001EF0000FF8000FF8000F70000F00000F00000F00001E00001E00 -001E00003C00007C0000F80001F00003E00007C0000F80001F00003E00007C0001F80003F00007 -C0000F800F1F000F3E000F7FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF7FFFFF18257DA41F>I<01FF0007FFC01FFFF0 -3FFFF83E00FC7C007C7C003E7C001E38001E00001E00001E00003C00007C0000F80003F801FFF0 -01FFE001FFC001FFF00001F800007C00003E00001E00000F00000F00000F70000FF8000FF8000F -F8001EF8003E7C007C7F01FC3FFFF81FFFE007FFC000FE0018257DA41F>I<0007E000000FE000 -000FE000001EE000003EE000003CE0000078E0000078E00000F0E00001F0E00001E0E00003C0E0 -0003C0E0000780E0000F80E0000F00E0001E00E0001E00E0003C00E0007C00E0007800E000F000 -E000FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC00000E0000000E0000000E0000000E0000000E00000 -00E0000000E000003FFF80003FFF80003FFF80003FFF801A257EA41F>I<1FFFFC3FFFFC3FFFFC -3FFFFC3C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C7F003DFFC0 -3FFFF03FFFF83F80FC3E007C1C003E00001E00000F00000F00000F00000F70000FF8000FF8001E -F8001EF8003E7C007C7F01F83FFFF01FFFE007FF8000FE0018257DA41F>I<000FE0003FF800FF -FC01FFFC07F03E07C03E0F803E1F001C1E00003C00003C0000780000780000780000F07F80F1FF -E0F7FFF0FFFFF8FF00FCFE003EFC001EF8001EF8000FF8000FF8000F78000F78000F78000F7C00 -1F3C001E3E003E1F007C0F81F80FFFF007FFE001FFC0007F0018257DA41F>II<00FF00 -03FFC00FFFF01FFFF83F81FC7E007E78001EF8001FF0000FF0000FF0000FF8001F78001E7C003E -3F81FC1FFFF807FFE003FFC00FFFF01F81F83E007C7C003E78001EF8001FF0000FF0000FF0000F -F0000FF8001F78001E7C003E3E007C3F81FC1FFFF80FFFF003FFC000FF0018257DA41F>I<007E -0003FF8007FFE00FFFF01F81F83E00F87C007C78003CF8003EF0001EF0001EF0001EF0001FF000 -1FF0001F78001F78003F7C007F3F00FF1FFFFF0FFFEF07FF8F01FE0F00001E00001E00001E0000 -3C00003C00007C3800F87C01F07C03F07C0FE03FFFC03FFF801FFE0003F80018257DA41F>I<38 -7CFEFEFE7C38000000000000000000000000387CFEFEFE7C38071A74991F>I<1C3E7F7F7F3E1C -0000000000000000000000001C3E7E7F7F3F1F0F1F1E3E7CF8F060082275991F>I<00000E0000 -1F00007F0000FF0003FE0007FC001FF0003FE000FF8001FF0007FC000FF8003FE0007FC000FF00 -00FE0000FF00007FC0003FE0000FF80007FC0001FF0000FF80003FE0001FF00007FC0003FE0000 -FF00007F00001F00000E181F7DA11F>I<7FFFFF80FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC07FFFFF800000 -0000000000000000000000000000000000007FFFFF80FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC07FFFFF801A -0F7E991F>I<700000F80000FE0000FF00007FC0003FE0000FF80007FC0001FF0000FF80003FE0 -001FF00007FC0003FE0000FF00007F0000FF0003FE0007FC001FF0003FE000FF8001FF0007FC00 -0FF8003FE0007FC000FF0000FE0000F80000700000181F7DA11F>I<03FE000FFFC03FFFE07FFF -F07C01F8F8007CF8003CF8003CF8003C7000780001F80007F0000FE0001F80003F00007E00007C -0000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F0000000000000000000000000000000 -0000000000600000F00001F80001F80000F00000600016257CA41F>I<001F80007FE001FFF003 -FFF807E07C0F803C0F001C1E01CE3C07FE380FFE381FFF701E3F703C1F70380FE0780FE07007E0 -7007E07007E07007E07007E07007E07007E0780F70380E703C1E701E3C381FFC380FF83C07F01E -01C00F00000F800F07E03F03FFFE01FFFC007FF0001FC018257DA41F>I<001E0000003F000000 -3F0000003F0000007380000073800000738000007380000073800000F3C00000F3C00000F3C000 -00E1C00001E1E00001E1E00001E1E00001E1E00001E1E00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F0 -0007C0F80007FFF80007FFF80007FFF80007FFF8000F003C000F003C000F003C000F003C000F00 -3C001E001E00FFC0FFC0FFE1FFC0FFE1FFC0FFC0FFC01A257EA41F>II<001F81C0007FE1C001FFFB -C003FFFFC007F03FC00FC01FC01F800FC01F0007C03E0007C03C0003C07C0003C0780003C07800 -03C078000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0 -0000007800000078000000780003C07C0003C03C0003C03E0003C01F0007801F8007800FC00F00 -07F03F0003FFFE0001FFFC00007FF000001FC0001A257EA41F>I<7FFF8000FFFFE000FFFFF800 -7FFFFC000F00FE000F003E000F001F000F000F800F000F800F0007800F0007C00F0003C00F0003 -C00F0003E00F0001E00F0001E00F0001E00F0001E00F0001E00F0001E00F0001E00F0001E00F00 -01E00F0003E00F0003C00F0003C00F0003C00F0007C00F000F800F000F800F001F000F003E000F -00FE007FFFFC00FFFFF800FFFFF0007FFF80001B257FA41F>III<003F070000FFC70001FFEF0007FFFF -0007E0FF000F807F001F003F001E001F003E001F003C000F007C000F0078000F0078000F00F800 -0000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F001FFC0F001FFE0F001FFE0F8 -01FFC078000F0078000F0078001F003C001F003E001F001E001F001F003F000F807F0007E0FF00 -07FFFF0001FFEF0000FFCF00003F0F001B257EA41F>I<7FE07FE0FFF0FFF0FFF0FFF07FE07FE0 -0F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F -000F000F000F000F000FFFFF000FFFFF000FFFFF000FFFFF000F000F000F000F000F000F000F00 -0F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F007F -E07FE0FFF0FFF0FFF0FFF07FE07FE01C257FA41F>I<7FFFF8FFFFFCFFFFFC7FFFF80078000078 -000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078 -000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078 -000078007FFFF8FFFFFCFFFFFC7FFFF816257CA41F>I<01FFFC01FFFC01FFFC01FFFC0003C000 -03C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C000 -03C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C02003C07003C0F803C0F8 -0780F80F807FFF003FFE001FFC0007F00016257BA41F>I<7FC07FC0FFE0FFC0FFE0FFC07FC07F -C00E001C000E0038000E0078000E00F0000E00E0000E01C0000E03C0000E0780000E0700000E0E -00000E1E00000E3C00000E3E00000E7F00000EF700000EE780000FC380000FC1C0000F81C0000F -00E0000E00E0000E0070000E0070000E0038000E0038000E001C000E001C000E000E000E000E00 -7FC01FE0FFE03FE0FFE03FE07FC01FE01B257FA41F>I<7FFC0000FFFE0000FFFE00007FFC0000 -078000000780000007800000078000000780000007800000078000000780000007800000078000 -000780000007800000078000000780000007800000078000000780000007800000078000000780 -0000078000000780000007800180078003C0078003C0078003C0078003C0078003C0078003C07F -FFFFC0FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC07FFFFFC01A257EA41F>II<7F00FF80FF81FFC0FF81FFC07FC0FF800EC0 -1C000EC01C000EE01C000E601C000E601C000E701C000E701C000E301C000E381C000E381C000E -381C000E181C000E1C1C000E1C1C000E0C1C000E0E1C000E0E1C000E061C000E071C000E071C00 -0E071C000E031C000E039C000E039C000E019C000E019C000E01DC000E00DC000E00DC007FC0FC -00FFE07C00FFE07C007FC03C001A257EA41F>I<03FFC01FFFF83FFFFC3FFFFC7E007E7C003E78 -001E78001EF8001FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0 -000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF8001F78001E78001E7C003E7F -00FE3FFFFC3FFFFC1FFFF803FFC018257DA41F>II<03FFC01FFFF83FFFFC3FFFFC7F00FE7C003E78 -001E78001EF8001FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0 -000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF0000FF03E0FF83E1F781F1E781F1E7C0FBE7F -07FE3FFFFC3FFFFC1FFFF803FFE00001F00000F80000F800007C00007C00003E00003E00001E18 -2D7DA41F>I<7FFF0000FFFFE000FFFFF0007FFFF8000F01FC000F007E000F001E000F001F000F -000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F001F000F001E000F007E000F01FC000FFFF8000FFFF000 -0FFFE0000FFFF0000F01F8000F0078000F007C000F003C000F003C000F003C000F003C000F003C -000F003C000F003C000F003C780F003C780F003E787FE01FF0FFF01FF0FFF00FE07FE003C01D25 -7FA41F>I<01FC1C07FF9C0FFFFC3FFFFC3E03FC7C00FC78007CF0003CF0003CF0003CF0003CF0 -00007800007C00003E00003FE0001FFE0007FFC001FFF0001FF80001FC00007C00001E00001E00 -000F00000F70000FF0000FF0000FF0001FF8001EFC003EFF00FCFFFFF8FFFFF0E3FFE0E0FF8018 -257DA41F>I<7FFFFFC0FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC0F01E03C0F01E03C0F01E03C0F01E03C0F0 -1E03C0F01E03C0001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000 -001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E00 -00001E0000001E0000001E0000001E0000001E000003FFF00007FFF80007FFF80003FFF0001A25 -7EA41F>II<7FC03FE0FFE07FF0FFE07FF07FC03FE00F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F0007801E -0007801E0007801E0007801E0003C03C0003C03C0003C03C0003C03C0003E07C0001E0780001E0 -780001E0780001E0780000F0F00000F0F00000F0F00000F0F0000070E0000079E0000079E00000 -79E0000039C0000039C0000039C0000039C000001F8000001F8000001F8000000F00001C257FA4 -1F>II<3FF1FF807FF1FFC07FF1FFC03FF1FF8007C07C0003C0780003E0F80001E0F00001F1F00000 -F1E00000F9E000007BC000007FC000003F8000003F8000001F0000001F0000000F0000001F0000 -001F8000003F8000003FC000007BC0000079E00000F1E00000F0F00001F0F00001E0F80003E078 -0003C07C0003C03C0007803E0007801E007FE07FE0FFE07FF0FFE07FF07FE07FE01C257FA41F> -II< -3FFFFF7FFFFF7FFFFF7FFFFF78001E78003C78007C7800787800F07801F00001E00003E00003C0 -000780000F80000F00001E00003E00003C00007C0000780000F00001F00001E00003C00007C000 -07800F0F800F0F000F1E000F3E000F3C000F78000FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF18257DA41F> -II<700000F80000F80000FC00007C0000 -7E00003E00003E00003F00001F00001F80000F80000FC00007C00007E00003E00003F00001F000 -01F00001F80000F80000FC00007C00007E00003E00003F00001F00001F80000F80000F80000FC0 -0007C00007E00003E00003F00001F00001F80000F80000FC00007C00007C00007E00003E00003F -00001F00001F00000E182F7DA91F>II< -00C00003F00007F8001FFE007F3F80FE1FC0F807C0E001C012087AA41F>I<018007C00FC01F80 -3E003C0078007800F000F000F000F000FC00FE007F007F003E001C000A1276A81F>96 -D<07FC00001FFF00003FFFC0003FFFE0003E03F0001C01F0000000F80000007800000078000000 -7800007FF80003FFF8000FFFF8003FE078007E00780078007800F0007800F0007800F0007800F0 -0078007800F8007E03F8003FFFFFE03FFFFFE00FFE3FE003F00FE01B1A7D991F>II<007FC001FFF0 -07FFF80FFFF81F80F83E00703C0000780000780000F80000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000 -F00000F800007800007C00783E00783F00F81FC1F00FFFE007FFE001FF80007E00151A7B991F> -I<0007FC000007FC000007FC000007FC0000003C0000003C0000003C0000003C0000003C000000 -3C0000003C0000FC3C0003FF3C0007FFBC000FFFFC001F81FC003E00FC003C007C007C003C0078 -003C00F8003C00F0003C00F0003C00F0003C00F0003C00F0003C00F0003C00F8003C0078007C00 -78007C003C00FC003E01FC001F83FC001FFFFFE007FFBFE003FE3FE000F83FE01B257EA41F>I< -007F0001FFC007FFE00FFFF01F81F83F00783C003C7C003C78001E78001EFFFFFEFFFFFEFFFFFE -FFFFFEF00000F000007800007800007C001E3E001E1F803E1FE07C0FFFF803FFF001FFE0003F80 -171A7D991F>I<0001F80007FC000FFE001FFE003E3E007C1C0078000078000078000078000078 -007FFFFCFFFFFCFFFFFCFFFFFC0078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078 -000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078000078007FFFF87FFFF87FFFF87FFF -F817257EA41F>I<00FC0F8003FF3FC007FFFFE00FFFFFE00F87E1C01F03E0001E01E0003C00F0 -003C00F0003C00F0003C00F0003C00F0003C00F0001E01E0001F03E0000F87C0000FFFC0001FFF -80001FFF00001CFC00001C0000001C0000000E0000000FFFE0001FFFF8003FFFFE003C001F0078 -00078070000380E00001C0E00001C0E00001C0E00001C0700003807C000F803F003F001FFFFE00 -0FFFFC0003FFF000007F80001B287E991F>II<00300000780000FC0000FC00007800003000000000 -0000000000000000000000000000007FFC007FFC007FFC007FFC00003C00003C00003C00003C00 -003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00 -003C007FFFFCFFFFFEFFFFFE7FFFFC17267CA51F>I<000300000780000FC0000FC00007800003 -000000000000000000000000000000000000000FFFC00FFFC00FFFC00FFFC00003C00003C00003 -C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003 -C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C00003C02007 -80700F80F81F00FFFE007FFC007FF8001FE00012337DA51F>IIIII<00FC0003FF0007FF801FFFE01F87E03E01F07C00F878007878 -0078F0003CF0003CF0003CF0003CF0003CF0003CF0003CF8007C7800787C00F87C00F83E01F01F -87E01FFFE007FF8003FF0000FC00161A7C991F>II<007E0F0001FF8F0007FFEF -000FFFFF001FC0FF003F007F003E003F007C001F0078001F0078000F00F0000F00F0000F00F000 -0F00F0000F00F0000F00F0000F00F8000F0078001F007C001F003C003F003F007F001F81FF000F -FFEF0007FFCF0003FF8F00007E0F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F00 -00000F0000000F0000000F000001FFF80001FFF80001FFF80001FFF81D277E991F>II<03FC700FFFF03FFFF07F -FFF07C03F0F801F0F000F0F000F0F000F07C00007FE0001FFF0007FFC000FFE00003F00000F870 -003CF0003CF0003CF8003CFC007CFF01F8FFFFF0FFFFF0E7FFC0E1FE00161A7C991F>I<007000 -0000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F000007FFFFE00FFFFFE00FFFFFE00FFFF -FE0000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000 -F0000000F0000000F0000000F0078000F0078000F0078000F0078000F80F00007C1F00007FFE00 -003FFC00001FF8000007E00019217FA01F>II<7FE07FE0FFF0FFF0FFF0FFF07FE07FE007000E0007000E000780 -1E0003801C0003801C0003C03C0001C0380001C0380001E0780000E0700000E0700000E0700000 -70E0000070E0000070E0000039C0000039C0000039C000001F8000001F8000001F8000000F0000 -1C1A7F991F>I -I<7FF0FFC07FF1FFE07FF1FFE07FF0FFC003C0380001E0700000E0F0000070E0000079C000003F -C000001F8000000F0000000E0000000F0000001F8000003B80000039C0000070E00000E0F00001 -E0700001C0380003801C007FE07FE0FFF0FFF0FFF0FFF07FE07FE01C1A7F991F>I<7FE07FE0FF -F0FFF0FFF0FFF07FE07FE007000E0007800E0003801E0003801C0001C01C0001C03C0001C03800 -00E0380000E0380000F0700000707000007070000038E0000038E0000038E000001CC000001DC0 -00001DC000000F8000000F800000078000000700000007000000070000000E0000000E0000000E -0000001C0000381C00007C3C00007CF800007FF000007FE000003FC000000F8000001C277F991F ->I<3FFFFF807FFFFF807FFFFF807FFFFF8078003F0078007E007800FC007801F8000003F00000 -07E000000FC000001F8000003F0000007E000000FC000001F8000003F0000007E007800FC00780 -1F8007803F0007807E000780FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF80191A7E991F>I<70F8F8F8 -F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8F8 -F8F8F870052F73A91F>124 D<0380600FC0F01FE1F03FF7E07EFFC0F87F80F03F00601C001408 -7BA41F>126 D E /Fc 12 124 df<00C00000C00000C00000C00000C00000C00000C00000C000 -FFFF80FFFF8000C00000C00000C00000C00000C00000C00000C00000C00011127E8D15>43 -D<1E0061804080C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0C0408061801E000A0D7E8C0E>48 -D<18F818181818181818181818FF080D7D8C0E>I<03F10C0F300360016001C000C000C000C000 -6001600130020C0C03F0100E7E8D14>67 D<1FA0606080208020800070003F8003C00020001080 -108010C060BF800C0E7E8D10>83 D<1DE022206300630022003C0060003F003F8040C0C0C0C0C0 -61803F000B0E7E880E>103 D<307030000000F030303030303030FC060F7F8E08>105 -D110 D<1E0061804080C0C0C0C0C0 -C0408061801E000A097E880E>II -121 D123 D E /Fd 3 84 df62 D<01FFFC0000380F000038038000380380007003C00070 -03C0007003C0007003C000E0078000E0078000E00F0000E01E0001C0380001FFE00001C0000001 -C0000003800000038000000380000003800000070000000700000007000000070000000E000000 -FFE000001A1A7E9919>80 D<001F080060D8008038010038030010060010060010060010060000 -07000007C00003FC0001FF00007F800007C00001C00001C00000C02000C02000C0600180600180 -600300700600CC0C0083F000151A7E9917>83 D E /Fe 4 123 df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f 46 124 df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g 29 91 df<07C00FE01C7038383018 -701C701CE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00E701C701C383838381C700FE007C00F177E -9614>48 D<0300070007000F003F00F70047000700070007000700070007000700070007000700 -0700070007000700FFF0FFF00C177C9614>I<0FC03FF07838701CE01EE00EE00E400E000E001E -001C003C007800F001E003C007800F001E003C0E700EFFFEFFFE0F177E9614>I<0FC03FF07878 -703C701C201C001C003C0038007807E007F00038001C001E000E400EE00EE01EF01C78383FF00F -C00F177E9614>I<01C00003E00003E0000360000360000770000770000770000770000630000E -38000E38000E38000E38000E38001FFC001FFC001C1C001C1C003C1E00380E00FE3F80FE3F8011 -177F9614>65 DI<03C60FFE1C3E3C1E381E700E700EF00EE000E000E000E000E000E000E000F00E700E -700E381E3C1C1C380FF003C00F177E9614>IIII<03C6000FFE001C3E003C1E00381E00700E00700E00F00E00E000 -00E00000E00000E00000E07F80E07F80E00E00F00E00700E00701E00381E003C1E001C3E000FFE -0003CE0011177F9614>III<0FFE0FFE007000700070007000700070 -0070007000700070007000700070007000700070E070E070F0E07FC01F000F177D9614>IIIII<1FF07FFC783C701CE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE0 -0EE00EE00E701C783C7FFC1FF00F177E9614>II<1FF07FFC783C701CE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE0 -0EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE00EE38EE1CE71DC78FC7FFC1FF000780038003C001C001E0F1C7E96 -14>I -I<0FCC3FFC787CF03CE03CE01CE01CF000F0007E003FE00FF801FC003C001E000EE00EE00EE00E -F01CF83CFFF8C7E00F177E9614>IIII88 DII E /Fh 28 121 df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i 11 -88 df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j 1 23 df<0402000C06000C06000C0600180C00 -180C00180C00180C003018003018803018803038807859006F8E00600000600000C00000C00000 -C0000080000011147E8D15>22 D E /Fk 40 124 df<003C007800F001F003E007E007C00FC00F -801F801F803F003F003F007F007F007E007E00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00 -FE00FE00FE007E007E007F007F003F003F003F001F801F800F800FC007C007E003E001F000F000 -78003C0E317DA415>40 DI<7F -FFF000FFFFFC00FFFFFF00FFFFFF80FE007FC0FE001FC0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE0007E0FE0007E0 -FE000FE0FE000FE0FE001FC0FE003FC0FE00FF80FFFFFF00FFFFFC00FFFFFF00FFFFFFC0FE003F -E0FE000FF0FE0007F0FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0007F0FE00 -0FF0FE003FF0FFFFFFE0FFFFFFC0FFFFFF007FFFF8001D237CA225>66 D<0007FE00007FFFC001 -FFFFF003FFFFF007FFFFF00FFC07E01FF000E03FC000603F8000207F8000007F0000007F000000 -7F000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE0000 -00FE000000FE0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F8000003F8000103FC000301FF000700FFC -03F007FFFFF003FFFFF001FFFFE0007FFF800007FE001C257DA323>I<7FFFF000FFFFFF00FFFF -FF80FFFFFFE0FE003FF0FE000FF8FE0003F8FE0001FCFE0001FCFE0000FEFE0000FEFE00007EFE -00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007FFE00007F -FE00007FFE00007EFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0000FEFE0001FCFE0003FCFE0007F8FE003FF0FFFFFF -E0FFFFFFC0FFFFFF007FFFF00020237CA228>I<7FFFFE00FFFFFF00FFFFFF00FFFFFF00FFFFFE -00FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FFFF -F800FFFFFC00FFFFFC00FFFFFC00FFFFF800FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE -000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE7FFF00FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF80 -7FFFFF0019237CA220>I<7FFFFCFFFFFEFFFFFEFFFFFEFFFFFCFE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE -0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FFFFE0FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF0FFFFE0FE0000FE0000FE -0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00007C000017 -237CA21E>I<0007FF00007FFFE001FFFFF803FFFFF807FFFFF80FFC03F01FF000F03FC000303F -8000107F8000007F0000007F0000007F000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000 -FE000000FE003FF8FE003FF8FE003FF8FE003FF8FE003FF87F0003F87F0003F87F0003F87F8003 -F83F8003F83FC003F81FF003F80FFC03F807FFFFF803FFFFF801FFFFF8007FFFE00007FE001D25 -7DA325>I<7CFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFE -7C07237CA210>73 D<7C0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000 -FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000 -FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FFFFF8FFFFFCFFFFFCFFFFFC7FFFF816237C -A21D>76 D<7F80003CFFC0007EFFC0007EFFE0007EFFE0007EFFF0007EFDF8007EFDF8007EFCFC -007EFCFC007EFC7E007EFC7E007EFC3F007EFC3F007EFC1F807EFC1F807EFC0FC07EFC07C07EFC -07E07EFC03F07EFC03F07EFC01F87EFC01F87EFC00FC7EFC00FC7EFC007E7EFC007E7EFC003F7E -FC003F7EFC001FFEFC000FFEFC000FFEFC0007FEFC0007FE780003FC1F237CA228>78 -D<000FF80000007FFF000001FFFFC00007FFFFF0000FF80FF8001FE003FC001FC001FC003F8000 -FE003F8000FE007F00007F007F00007F007F00007F007E00003F00FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00 -003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE00003F80FE -00003F80FE00003F807F00007F007F00007F007F00007F003F8000FE003F8000FE001FC001FC00 -1FE003FC000FF80FF80007FFFFF00001FFFFC00000FFFF8000000FF8000021257DA328>I<7FFF -E000FFFFFC00FFFFFF00FFFFFF80FE007F80FE001FC0FE000FC0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE -000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FC0FE001FC0FE007F80FFFFFF80FFFFFF00FFFFFC00 -FFFFE000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE0000 -00FE000000FE000000FE000000FE0000007C0000001B237CA223>I<7FFFE000FFFFFC00FFFFFF -00FFFFFF80FE007FC0FE001FC0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE000FE0FE00 -0FE0FE001FC0FE007FC0FFFFFF80FFFFFF00FFFFFC00FFFFE000FE07F000FE07F000FE03F800FE -01F800FE01FC00FE00FC00FE00FE00FE007E00FE007F00FE003F80FE003F80FE001FC0FE001FC0 -FE000FE0FE000FE07C0007E01B237CA223>82 D<00FF8003FFF00FFFFC1FFFFC3FFFFC3F80F83F -00387E00187E00087E00007E00007E00007F00003FC0003FF8001FFF801FFFE00FFFF007FFF801 -FFFC007FFE0003FE0000FE00007F00003F00003F40003F60003F70003F78003FFC007EFF80FEFF -FFFC7FFFFC1FFFF807FFE000FF8018257EA31E>I<7FFFFFFEFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF7FFF -FFFE0007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F00000 -07F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F000 -0007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0000007F0 -000003E00020237EA225>I<7C0001F0FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003 -F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE00 -03F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE0003F8FE -0003F8FF0007F87F0007F07F0007F03F800FE01FE03FC00FFFFF8007FFFF0003FFFE00007FF000 -1D247CA226>I<78000FF8000F00FC001FF8001F80FC001FFC001F807E001FFC003F007E001FFC -003F007E003F7C003F007E003F7E003F003F003F7E007E003F003E7E007E003F007E3E007E003F -007E3F007E001F807E3F00FC001F807C3F00FC001F80FC1F00FC001F80FC1F80FC000FC0FC1F81 -F8000FC0F81F81F8000FC1F80F81F8000FC1F80FC1F80007E1F80FC1F00007E1F00FC3F00007E1 -F007C3F00007E3F007E3F00003E3F007E3E00003F3E007E7E00003F3E003E7E00003F3E003E7E0 -0001F7E003F7C00001F7C003F7C00001FFC001FFC00001FFC001FFC00000FFC001FF800000FF80 -01FF800000FF8000FF8000007F00007F000031237FA234>87 D<7F0001FC7F8003FC7FC007F83F -C00FF01FE00FF00FF01FE00FF83FC007F83FC003FC7F8001FEFF0001FFFE0000FFFE00007FFC00 -003FF800003FF800001FF000000FE000001FF000003FF800003FFC00007FFC0000FFFE0000FEFF -0001FC7F8003FC3F8007F83FC007F01FE00FF00FF01FE00FF01FE007F83FC003FC7F8003FE7F80 -01FEFF0000FFFE00007F20237EA225>I<03FE001FFF803FFFC03FFFE03C0FF03007F02007F000 -07F00007F000FFF007FFF01FE7F07F07F07F07F0FE07F0FE07F0FE07F0FE0FF0FF1FF07FF7F07F -F7F03FC7F00F03E014177E961A>97 D<7C0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00 -00FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE1F80FE7FE0FFFFF0FFFFF0FF07F8FE03F8FE01FCFE01FCFE01 -FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01F8FE03F8FF07F8FFFFF0FFFFE0FEFF -C07C3F0016237DA21C>I<01FE0007FFC01FFFE03FFFE03F81E07F00C07E0040FE0000FE0000FE -0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00007F00207F00603F83E03FFFE01FFFE007FFC001 -FE0013177E9618>I<0000F80001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC -0001FC0001FC03F1FC0FFDFC1FFFFC3FFFFC7F83FC7F01FC7E01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FC -FE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FC7E01FC7F01FC7F87FC3FFFFC1FFDFC0FF9FC03E0F816237E -A21C>I<01FC0007FF000FFF801FFFC03F87E07F07E07E03F0FE03F0FE03F0FE03F0FFFFF0FFFF -F0FFFFE0FE0000FE0000FE00007E00107F00703F81F01FFFF00FFFF007FFC001FF0014177E9619 ->I<03FE0E0FFFBF1FFFFF3FFFE33F8FE07F07F07F07F07F07F07F07F07F07F07F07F03F8FE03F -FFE01FFFC01FFF801BFE003800003C00003FFFC03FFFF81FFFFC1FFFFE3FFFFE7FFFFFFC007FF8 -001FF8001FF8001FFC003F7F00FE7FFFFE3FFFFC0FFFF003FFC018227F961B>103 -D<7CFEFEFEFEFEFC0000000000007CFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFE7C0724 -7EA30C>105 D<780000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC00 -00FC0000FC07C0FC0FC0FC1F80FC3F00FC7E00FCFC00FDF800FFF000FFE000FFE000FFF000FFF0 -00FFF800FFFC00FDFC00FCFE00FC7F00FC7F00FC3F80FC3F80FC1FC0FC0FC0780FC012237CA21A ->107 D<7CFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFEFE7C -07237EA20C>I<7C1FC0FE3FE0FE7FF0FEFFF8FF87F8FF03F8FF03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03 -F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F87C01F01517 -7D961C>110 D<01FE0007FF801FFFE03FFFF03F87F07F03F87E01F8FE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01 -FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FC7E01F87F03F87F87F83FFFF01FFFE00FFFC001FE001617 -7E961B>I<7C1F80FE7FE0FFFFF0FFFFF0FF07F8FE03F8FE03FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE -01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE01FCFE03F8FE03F8FF0FF8FFFFF0FFFFE0FEFFC0FE3F00FE0000FE -0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE00007C000016217D961C>I<7C1CFE3CFE7C -FEFCFFFCFFE0FF80FF00FF00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE007C -000E177D9613>114 D<0FF0001FFE007FFF007FFF00F81F00F80600F80200FC0000FFC0007FF8 -007FFC003FFE001FFF0007FF80007F80400F80600F80700F80FC1F80FFFF00FFFE003FFC000FF0 -0011177E9615>I<0F80001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0007FFE00FFFF00FFFF007FFE001F -C0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001FC0001F -C1001FE3000FFF800FFF8007FE0003F000111D7F9C14>I<7C01F0FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8 -FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE03F8FE07F8 -FE07F8FE0FF87FFBF83FF3F80FC1F015177D961C>I<780078FC00FC7E01F87E01F87E01F87F01 -F83F03F03F03F03F03F01F87E01F87E01F87E00FCFC00FCFC00FCFC00FEFC007FF8007FF8007FF -8003FF0003FF0003FF0001FE0016177F9619>I<7803E00780FC07F00FC0FC07F80FC07E07F81F -807E07F81F807E0FF81F807E0FFC1F803F0F7C3F003F0F7C3F003F1E7C3F003F1E7E3F001F9E7E -7E001F9E3E7E001F9E3E7E001FBC3F7E000FBC3FFC000FFC3FFC000FFC1FFC000FF81FFC0007F8 -1FF80007F81FF80007F80FF80003F007F00022177F9625>I<7C01F87E03F87F03F03F87E01F8F -E00FDFC007FF8007FF0003FF0001FE0000FC0000FC0001FE0003FE0003FF0007DF800FCFC01F87 -E03F87E03F03F07E01F8FE01FC7C00F816177F9619>II<7FFFFF80FFFFFFC0FFFFFFC07FFFFF801A04808F1B>123 -D E /Fl 2 46 df<000200001E00007E0001FE000FFE00FFFE00FFFE000FFE0001FE00007E0000 -1E00000200110C7E852A>27 D<8000F000FC00FF00FFE0FFFEFFFEFFE0FF00FC00F00080000F0C -67852A>45 D E /Fm 1 1 df0 D E /Fn 61 -124 df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o 1 -50 df<0C003C00CC000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C000C00FF8009107E8F -0F>49 D E /Fp 51 124 df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q 9 87 df<00700000F80000F80001DC00019C00018C00038E00038E0003060007070007 -07000E03800E03800C03801FFFC01FFFC03801E03800E03800E0700070700070600070E0003815 -177F9618>65 DI68 DI77 D<01FC0007FF000F07801C01C03800E03800E070007070 -0070E00038E00038E00038E00038E00038E00038E000387000707000703800E03800E01C01C00F -078007FF0001FC0015177E961A>79 D82 D85 DI E /Fr 1 79 df<07E01FC000E00600017004000170040001380400 -01380400021C0800021C0800020E0800020E0800040710000407100004039000040390000801E0 -000801E0000800E0000800E00018004000FE0040001A147F931A>78 D E -/Fs 14 121 df<00000001F80000000000000001F80000000000000003FC0000000000000003FC -0000000000000007FE0000000000000007FE0000000000000007FE000000000000000FFF000000 -000000000FFF000000000000001FFF800000000000001FFF800000000000001FFF800000000000 -003FFFC00000000000003FFFC00000000000007FFFE00000000000007DFFE00000000000007DFF -E0000000000000FDFFF0000000000000F8FFF0000000000001F8FFF8000000000001F07FF80000 -00000001F07FF8000000000003F07FFC000000000003E03FFC000000000007E03FFE0000000000 -07C01FFE00000000000FC01FFF00000000000F801FFF00000000000F800FFF00000000001F800F -FF80000000001F0007FF80000000003F0007FFC0000000003E0003FFC0000000003E0003FFC000 -0000007E0003FFE0000000007C0001FFE000000000FC0001FFF000000000F80000FFF000000000 -F80000FFF000000001FFFFFFFFF800000001FFFFFFFFF800000003FFFFFFFFFC00000003FFFFFF -FFFC00000003E000003FFC00000007E000003FFE00000007C000001FFE0000000FC000001FFF00 -00000F8000000FFF0000001F8000000FFF8000001F0000000FFF8000001F00000007FF8000003F -00000007FFC000003E00000003FFC000007E00000003FFE00000FF00000001FFE000FFFFFC0001 -FFFFFFF0FFFFFC0001FFFFFFF0FFFFFC0001FFFFFFF0FFFFFC0001FFFFFFF0443B7DBA4B>65 -DI<0000001FFF000070000001FFFFE000F000000FFFFFFC01F000007F -FFFFFF03F00001FFFE007F87F00007FFE0000FEFF0000FFF000003FFF0003FFE000001FFF0007F -F8000000FFF000FFF00000007FF001FFE00000003FF003FFC00000001FF003FF800000001FF007 -FF800000000FF00FFF0000000007F00FFF0000000007F01FFE0000000007F01FFE0000000003F0 -3FFC0000000003F03FFC0000000003F07FFC0000000001F07FFC0000000001F07FFC0000000001 -F07FF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF800000000 -0000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000 -000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF8000000000000FFF80000000000007FF80000 -000000007FFC0000000000007FFC0000000000F07FFC0000000000F03FFC0000000000F03FFC00 -00000000F01FFE0000000000F01FFE0000000001F00FFF0000000001E00FFF0000000003E007FF -8000000003E003FF8000000007C003FFC000000007C001FFE00000000F8000FFF00000001F0000 -7FF80000003E00003FFE0000007C00000FFF000001F8000007FFE00007F0000001FFFE003FC000 -00007FFFFFFF800000000FFFFFFC0000000001FFFFF000000000001FFF0000003C3D7BBB47>I< -FFFFFFFFFFC0000000FFFFFFFFFFFC000000FFFFFFFFFFFF800000FFFFFFFFFFFFE00000007FF8 -0003FFF80000007FF800003FFE0000007FF800000FFF0000007FF8000003FF8000007FF8000001 -FFC000007FF8000000FFE000007FF80000007FF000007FF80000003FF800007FF80000003FF800 -007FF80000001FFC00007FF80000001FFC00007FF80000000FFE00007FF80000000FFE00007FF8 -0000000FFF00007FF800000007FF00007FF800000007FF00007FF800000007FF80007FF8000000 -07FF80007FF800000007FF80007FF800000007FF80007FF800000007FFC0007FF800000007FFC0 -007FF800000007FFC0007FF800000007FFC0007FF800000007FFC0007FF800000007FFC0007FF8 -00000007FFC0007FF800000007FFC0007FF800000007FFC0007FF800000007FFC0007FF8000000 -07FFC0007FF800000007FFC0007FF800000007FF80007FF800000007FF80007FF800000007FF80 -007FF800000007FF80007FF800000007FF00007FF80000000FFF00007FF80000000FFF00007FF8 -0000000FFE00007FF80000001FFE00007FF80000001FFC00007FF80000003FFC00007FF8000000 -3FF800007FF80000007FF000007FF8000000FFE000007FF8000001FFC000007FF8000003FF8000 -007FF800000FFF0000007FF800003FFE0000007FF80003FFF80000FFFFFFFFFFFFF00000FFFFFF -FFFFFF800000FFFFFFFFFFFE000000FFFFFFFFFFC0000000423B7CBA4C>III<0000001FFF00 -007000000001FFFFE000F00000000FFFFFFC01F00000007FFFFFFF03F0000001FFFE007F87F000 -0007FFE0000FEFF000000FFF000003FFF000003FFE000001FFF000007FF8000000FFF00000FFF0 -0000007FF00001FFE00000003FF00003FFC00000001FF00003FF800000001FF00007FF80000000 -0FF0000FFF0000000007F0000FFF0000000007F0001FFE0000000007F0001FFE0000000003F000 -3FFC0000000003F0003FFC0000000003F0007FFC0000000001F0007FFC0000000001F0007FFC00 -00000001F0007FF800000000000000FFF800000000000000FFF800000000000000FFF800000000 -000000FFF800000000000000FFF800000000000000FFF800000000000000FFF800000000000000 -FFF800000000000000FFF800000000000000FFF800000000000000FFF800000000000000FFF800 -000FFFFFFFE0FFF800000FFFFFFFE07FF800000FFFFFFFE07FFC00000FFFFFFFE07FFC00000000 -FFF0007FFC00000000FFF0003FFC00000000FFF0003FFE00000000FFF0001FFE00000000FFF000 -1FFE00000000FFF0000FFF00000000FFF0000FFF00000000FFF00007FF80000000FFF00003FF80 -000000FFF00003FFC0000000FFF00001FFE0000000FFF00000FFF0000000FFF000007FF8000001 -FFF000003FFE000001FFF000000FFF800003FFF0000007FFE0000FFFF0000001FFFE007FCFF000 -00007FFFFFFF83F00000000FFFFFFE00F000000001FFFFF80030000000001FFF80000000433D7B -BB4E>II<00000000 -3FC00000003FFFC00000003FFFC00000003FFFC00000003FFFC000000001FFC000000000FFC000 -000000FFC000000000FFC000000000FFC000000000FFC000000000FFC000000000FFC000000000 -FFC000000000FFC000000000FFC000000000FFC000000000FFC000000000FFC000000000FFC000 -000000FFC000000000FFC00000FFC0FFC0000FFFF8FFC0003FFFFEFFC000FFE03FFFC001FF000F -FFC007FE0003FFC00FFC0001FFC00FF80000FFC01FF80000FFC03FF00000FFC03FF00000FFC07F -F00000FFC07FE00000FFC07FE00000FFC0FFE00000FFC0FFE00000FFC0FFE00000FFC0FFE00000 -FFC0FFE00000FFC0FFE00000FFC0FFE00000FFC0FFE00000FFC0FFE00000FFC0FFE00000FFC07F -E00000FFC07FE00000FFC07FF00000FFC03FF00000FFC03FF00000FFC01FF00000FFC01FF80001 -FFC00FFC0003FFC007FC0007FFC003FF001FFFE000FFC07EFFFF003FFFFCFFFF000FFFF0FFFF00 -01FF80FFFF303C7DBB37>100 D<0001FFC000000FFFF800003FFFFE0000FF80FF0001FE003F80 -07FC001FC00FF8000FE00FF8000FF01FF00007F03FF00007F83FF00007F87FE00007F87FE00003 -FC7FE00003FC7FE00003FCFFE00003FCFFFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFFFCFFFFFFFFFCFFE0000000FFE000 -0000FFE0000000FFE00000007FE00000007FE00000007FE00000003FE00000003FF000003C1FF0 -00003C1FF000003C0FF800007807FC0000F803FE0001F001FF0007E000FFC03FC0003FFFFF0000 -07FFFC000000FFE00026267DA52D>I<00F00003FC0007FE000FFE000FFF001FFF001FFF001FFF -000FFF000FFE0007FE0003FC0000F0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 -0000000000000000FF00FFFF00FFFF00FFFF00FFFF0007FF0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF -0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF -0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF0003FF00FFFFF8FFFFF8FFFF -F8FFFFF8153D7DBC1B>105 D<00FE007FC000FFFE01FFF800FFFE07FFFE00FFFE1F03FF00FFFE -3C01FF0007FE7801FF8003FE7000FF8003FEE000FFC003FFC000FFC003FFC000FFC003FF8000FF -C003FF8000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF -0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FF -C003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF -0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC003FF0000FFC0FFFFFC3FFFFFFFFFFC3FFFFFFFFFFC3FFF -FFFFFFFC3FFFFF30267CA537>110 D<00FF01FF8000FFFF0FFFF000FFFF3FFFFC00FFFFFE03FF -00FFFFF001FFC003FFE0007FE003FF80007FF003FF80003FF803FF00001FF803FF00001FFC03FF -00000FFC03FF00000FFE03FF00000FFE03FF00000FFE03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007 -FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF000007FF03FF -000007FF03FF00000FFE03FF00000FFE03FF00000FFE03FF00001FFC03FF00001FFC03FF00001F -F803FF80003FF003FFC0007FF003FFE000FFE003FFF001FF8003FFFC07FF0003FF3FFFFC0003FF -0FFFF00003FF01FF000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF000000 -0003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF0000000003FF -0000000003FF00000000FFFFFC000000FFFFFC000000FFFFFC000000FFFFFC00000030377DA537 ->112 D120 D E /Ft 43 124 df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u 10 117 df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v 52 124 df<0001FF0000001FFFC000007F -80F00000FE00F80003FC01FC0003F803FC0007F003FC0007F003FC0007F003FC0007F001F80007 -F000F00007F000000007F000000007F000000007F0000000FFFFFFFC00FFFFFFFC00FFFFFFFC00 -07F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC -0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001 -FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC0007F001FC007FFF1FFFC07FFF1FFFC07FFF -1FFFC0222A7FA926>12 D45 -D<1C007F00FF80FF80FF80FF80FF807F001C0009097B8813>I<003F800001FFF00007E0FC000F -C07E001F803F001F803F003F001F803F001F807F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC0FF001FE0 -FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001F -E0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE0FF001FE07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC07F001FC03F001F803F00 -1F801F803F001F803F000FC07E0007E0FC0001FFF000003F80001B277DA622>48 -D<000E00001E00007E0007FE00FFFE00FFFE00F8FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE -0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE -0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE0000FE007FFFFE7FFFFE7FFF -FE17277BA622>I<00FF800003FFF0000FFFFC003F03FF007C00FF807C007FC0FE007FC0FF003F -E0FF003FE0FF003FE0FF001FE07E001FE03C003FE000003FE000003FC000003FC000007F800000 -7F800000FF000001FE000001FC000003F0000007E000000FC000001F0000003E0000007C00E000 -7800E000F000E001E001C0038001C0070001C00FFFFFC01FFFFFC03FFFFFC07FFFFFC0FFFFFF80 -FFFFFF80FFFFFF801B277DA622>I<007F800003FFF00007FFFC001F81FE001F00FF003F80FF00 -3F807F803FC07F803F807F803F807F801F007F800000FF800000FF000000FF000001FE000003F8 -000007F00000FFC00000FFF0000001FC000000FF0000007F8000007FC000003FC000003FE00000 -3FE000003FE03C003FE07E003FE0FF003FE0FF003FE0FF003FC0FF007FC0FE007F807C00FF803F -01FF001FFFFC0007FFF00000FF80001B277DA622>I<00000E0000001E0000003E0000007E0000 -00FE000000FE000001FE000003FE0000077E00000E7E00000E7E00001C7E0000387E0000707E00 -00E07E0000E07E0001C07E0003807E0007007E000E007E000E007E001C007E0038007E0070007E -00E0007E00FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF8FFFFFFF80000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000FE000000 -FE000000FE000000FE00007FFFF8007FFFF8007FFFF81D277EA622>I<0C0003000F803F000FFF -FE000FFFFE000FFFFC000FFFF8000FFFE0000FFFC0000FFE00000E0000000E0000000E0000000E -0000000E0000000E0000000E7FC0000FFFF8000F80FE000E007F000C003F8000003F8000001FC0 -00001FC000001FE000001FE018001FE07E001FE0FE001FE0FE001FE0FE001FE0FE001FE0FE001F -C078003FC078003F803C007F001F01FE000FFFFC0003FFF00000FF80001B277DA622>I<000003 -800000000007C00000000007C0000000000FE0000000000FE0000000000FE0000000001FF00000 -00001FF0000000003FF8000000003FF8000000003FF80000000073FC0000000073FC00000000F3 -FE00000000E1FE00000000E1FE00000001C0FF00000001C0FF00000003C0FF80000003807F8000 -0007807FC0000007003FC0000007003FC000000E003FE000000E001FE000001E001FF000001C00 -0FF000001FFFFFF000003FFFFFF800003FFFFFF80000780007FC0000700003FC0000700003FC00 -00E00001FE0000E00001FE0001E00001FF0001C00000FF0001C00000FF00FFFE001FFFFEFFFE00 -1FFFFEFFFE001FFFFE2F297EA834>65 DI<00003F -F001800003FFFE0780000FFFFF8F80003FF007FF8000FF8001FF8001FE00007F8007FC00003F80 -07F800001F800FF000000F801FE000000F803FE0000007803FC0000007807FC0000003807FC000 -0003807FC000000380FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000 -FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF80000000007FC000 -0000007FC0000003807FC0000003803FC0000003803FE0000003801FE0000007800FF000000700 -07F800000F0007FC00001E0001FE00003C0000FF8000F800003FF007F000000FFFFFC0000003FF -FF000000003FF8000029297CA832>IIII<00007FE003000003FF -FC0F00001FFFFF1F00007FF00FFF0000FF8001FF0003FE0000FF0007FC00007F000FF800003F00 -0FF000001F001FE000001F003FE000000F003FC000000F007FC0000007007FC0000007007FC000 -000700FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000 -FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8000000000FF8001FFFFF8FF8001FFFFF87FC001FFFFF87FC000 -00FF007FC00000FF003FC00000FF003FE00000FF001FE00000FF000FF00000FF000FF80000FF00 -07FC0000FF0003FE0001FF0000FF8001FF00007FF007FF00001FFFFFBF000003FFFE0F0000007F -F003002D297CA836>III<01FFFFF001FFFFF001FFFFF00001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE00 -0001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE -000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001FE000001 -FE000001FE001801FE007E01FE00FF01FE00FF01FE00FF01FE00FF03FC00FE03FC007C07F8003E -0FF0000FFFC00003FE00001C297DA824>IIIII<0000FFE000000007FFFC0000003FC07F8000007F00 -1FC00001FC0007F00003F80003F80007F00001FC000FF00001FE001FE00000FF001FE00000FF00 -3FC000007F803FC000007F807FC000007FC07F8000003FC07F8000003FC07F8000003FC0FF8000 -003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0 -FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE0FF8000003FE07F8000003FC07FC000007FC07FC000007FC03FC000 -007F803FC000007F801FE00000FF001FE00000FF000FF00001FE0007F00001FC0003F80003F800 -01FC0007F00000FF001FE000003FC07F8000000FFFFE00000000FFE000002B297CA834>II82 -D<007F806003FFF0E00FFFFFE01F807FE03F001FE07E0007E07E0003E07C0003E0FC0001E0FC00 -01E0FC0000E0FE0000E0FE0000E0FF000000FFC000007FFE00007FFFE0003FFFFC003FFFFF001F -FFFF8007FFFFC003FFFFE000FFFFF00007FFF000007FF000000FF8000007F8000003F8E00003F8 -E00001F8E00001F8E00001F8F00001F8F00001F0F80003F0FC0003E0FF0007E0FFE01FC0FFFFFF -00E0FFFE00C01FF0001D297CA826>I<7FFFFFFFFFC07FFFFFFFFFC07FFFFFFFFFC07F803FC03F -C07E003FC007C078003FC003C078003FC003C070003FC001C0F0003FC001E0F0003FC001E0E000 -3FC000E0E0003FC000E0E0003FC000E0E0003FC000E0E0003FC000E000003FC0000000003FC000 -0000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC000000000 -3FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC000 -0000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC0000000003FC000000000 -3FC00000007FFFFFE000007FFFFFE000007FFFFFE0002B287EA730>I86 D<7FFFF81FFFF07FFFF81FFFF07FFFF81FFFF001FF0000780000FF80 -00F000007FC001E000007FC001C000003FE003C000001FF0078000000FF80F0000000FF80E0000 -0007FC1E00000003FE3C00000003FE7800000001FF7000000000FFF0000000007FE0000000007F -C0000000003FE0000000001FF0000000001FF0000000001FF8000000001FFC000000003FFE0000 -00007BFE00000000F1FF00000000E0FF80000001E0FFC0000003C07FC0000007803FE000000700 -1FF000000F001FF000001E000FF800003C0007FC0000380003FE0000780003FE0000F00001FF00 -00E00000FF80FFFF801FFFFEFFFF801FFFFEFFFF801FFFFE2F297EA834>88 -D<01FF800007FFF0000F81FC001FC0FE001FC07F001FC07F001FC03F800F803F8000003F800000 -3F8000003F80000FFF8000FFFF8007FC3F801FE03F803F803F807F803F807F003F80FE003F80FE -003F80FE003F80FE007F80FF007F807F00FFC03F83DFFC0FFF0FFC01FC03FC1E1B7E9A21>97 -DI<001FF80000FFFE0003F01F000FE03F80 -1FC03F803F803F803F803F807F801F007F000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF000000FF0000 -00FF000000FF000000FF000000FF0000007F0000007F8000003F8001C03FC001C01FC003C00FE0 -078003F01F0000FFFC00001FE0001A1B7E9A1F>I<00003FF80000003FF80000003FF800000003 -F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F8000000 -03F800000003F800000003F800000003F800001FE3F80000FFFBF80003F03FF8000FE00FF8001F -C007F8003F8003F8003F8003F8007F8003F8007F0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800 -FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F800FF0003F8007F0003F8007F0003F8 -003F8003F8003F8007F8001FC00FF8000FE01FF80003F03FFF8000FFF3FF80003FC3FF80212A7E -A926>I<003FE00001FFF80003F07E000FE03F001FC01F803F800FC03F800FC07F000FC07F0007 -E0FF0007E0FF0007E0FF0007E0FFFFFFE0FFFFFFE0FF000000FF000000FF000000FF0000007F00 -00007F8000003F8000E03F8001E01FC001C00FE003C003F81F8000FFFE00001FF0001B1B7E9A20 ->I<0007F0003FFC00FE3E01FC7F03F87F03F87F07F07F07F03E07F00007F00007F00007F00007 -F00007F00007F000FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007 -F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007 -F0007FFF807FFF807FFF80182A7EA915>I<00FF81F003FFE7FC0FC1FE7C1F80FC7C3F80FE7C3F -007E107F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F007F003F007E003F80FE001F80FC00 -0FC1F8001FFFE00018FF8000380000003C0000003C0000003E0000003FFFF8003FFFFF001FFFFF -C00FFFFFE007FFFFF01FFFFFF07E0007F87C0001F8F80001F8F80000F8F80000F8F80000F8FC00 -01F87E0003F03F0007E00FC01F8003FFFE00007FF0001E287E9A22>II<07001FC01FE03FE03FE03FE01FE01FC00700000000000000000000 -0000000000FFE0FFE0FFE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE0 -0FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE00FE0FFFEFFFEFFFE0F2B7DAA14>I -108 DII<003FE00001FFFC0003F0 -7E000FC01F801F800FC03F800FE03F0007E07F0007F07F0007F07F0007F0FF0007F8FF0007F8FF -0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F8FF0007F87F0007F07F0007F03F800FE03F800FE0 -1F800FC00FC01F8007F07F0001FFFC00003FE0001D1B7E9A22>II114 D<03FE300FFFF03E03F07800F07000F0F00070F00070F80070FC0000FFE000FFFE -007FFFC03FFFE01FFFF007FFF800FFFC0003FC0000FCE0007CE0003CF0003CF0003CF80078FC00 -78FF01F0F7FFC0C1FF00161B7E9A1B>I<00700000700000700000700000F00000F00000F00001 -F00003F00003F00007F0001FFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007 -F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F00007F03807F03807F03807F03807F03807F03807 -F03803F87001F8F000FFE0001F8015267FA51B>IIII121 D123 -D E /Fw 73 125 df<0387000387000387000387000387000387007FFFC0FFFFE0FFFFE0070E00 -070E00070E000E1C000E1C000E1C000E1C00FFFFE0FFFFE07FFFC01C38001C38001C38001C3800 -1C38001C380013197F9816>35 D<3801807C0380FE0380FE0700EE0700EE0E00EE0E00EE0E00FE -1C00FE1C007C380038380000700000700000700000E00000E00001C00001C00001C00003800003 -83800707C0070FE00E0EE00E0EE00E0EE01C0EE01C0EE0380FE03807C018038013207F9C16>37 -D<183C3E1E0E0E0E1E1C3C78F060070D799816>39 D<01C00001C00001C00001C00071C700F9CF -807FFF001FFC0007F00007F0001FFC007FFF00F9CF8071C70001C00001C00001C00001C0001112 -7E9516>42 D<387C7E7E3E0E1E3C7CF860070B798416>44 DI<70F8F8F8700505788416>I<000180000380000380000700000700000E00000E00001C00001C -0000380000380000700000700000E00000E00001C00001C0000380000380000700000700000E00 -000E00001C00001C0000380000380000700000700000E00000E00000C0000011207E9C16>I<03 -E0000FF8001FFC001E3C00380E00780F00700700700700E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E0 -0380E00380E00380F00780700700700700780F003C1E001E3C001FFC000FF80003E00011197E98 -16>I<01800380038007800F807F80FF8073800380038003800380038003800380038003800380 -03800380038003807FF87FFC7FF80E197C9816>I<07E0001FF8007FFE00783F00F00F00F00780 -F00380F00380000380000380000780000700000F00001E00003C0000780000F00003E000078000 -0F00001E03803C03807FFF80FFFF807FFF8011197E9816>I<07E0001FFC007FFE00781F00780F -00780700000700000F00000F00003E0007FC0007F80007FC00001E000007000007800003800003 -80F00380F00780F00700F81F007FFE003FFC0007E00011197E9816>I<007C0000FC0000DC0001 -DC00039C00039C00071C000F1C000E1C001E1C003C1C00381C00781C00F01C00FFFFE0FFFFE0FF -FFE0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0001FFC001FFC001FFC013197F9816>I<3FFE003FFE00 -3FFE003800003800003800003800003800003800003800003BF0003FFC003FFE003C0F00300700 -000780000380600380F00380F00780F00F00F81F007FFE001FF80007E00011197E9816>I<00F8 -0003FE000FFF001F0F003E0F003C0F00780600700000F00000F3F800EFFE00FFFE00F80F00F007 -80F00780E00380F00380F00380700380780780780F003C1F001FFE000FF80003E00011197E9816 ->II<70F8F8F870000000000000000070F8F8F8700512789116>58 -D<387C7C7C380000000000000000387C7C7C3C1C3C38F8F0600618799116>I<00018000078000 -1F80003E0000F80001F00007C0000F80003E0000FC0000F00000FC00003E00000F800007C00001 -F00000F800003E00001F8000078000018011157E9616>I<7FFF00FFFF80FFFF80000000000000 -000000000000000000FFFF80FFFF807FFF00110B7E9116>II<00E00001F00001F00001B00001B00003B80003B80003 -B800031800071C00071C00071C00071C00071C000E0E000E0E000FFE000FFE001FFF001C07001C -07001C07007F1FC0FF1FE07F1FC013197F9816>65 D<7FF800FFFE007FFF001C0F001C07801C03 -801C03801C03801C07801C07001FFF001FFE001FFE001C1F001C03801C03C01C01C01C01C01C01 -C01C01C01C03C01C07807FFF80FFFF007FFC0012197F9816>I<01F18007FF800FFF801F0F803C -0780780780780380700380F00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000F0000070 -03807803807803803C07801F0F000FFE0007FC0001F00011197E9816>I<7FF800FFFE007FFF00 -1C0F001C07801C03C01C01C01C01C01C01E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E0 -1C00E01C01C01C01C01C03C01C07801C0F807FFF00FFFE007FF8001319809816>I<7FFFC0FFFF -C07FFFC01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C00001C00001C1C001C1C001FFC001FFC001FFC001C1C -001C1C001C00001C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E07FFFE0FFFFE07FFFE013197F9816>II<03E30007FF001FFF003E1F003C0F00780F00780700700700F00000E00000E00000E00000 -E00000E03F80E07FC0E03F80F00700700700780F00780F003C0F003E1F001FFF0007FF0003E700 -12197E9816>I<7F1FC0FFBFE07F1FC01C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001FFF -001FFF001FFF001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07001C07007F1FC0FFBF -E07F1FC013197F9816>II<07FE07FF07FE00380038 -003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800386038F038F0707FF07FE01F -8010197D9816>I<7F0FE0FF8FF07F0FE01C07801C0F001C0E001C1C001C3C001C78001CF0001C -E0001DF0001FF0001FF8001F38001E1C001C1C001C0E001C0E001C07001C07001C03807F07E0FF -8FF07F07E01419809816>III<7E1FC0FF3FE07F1FC01D07001D87001D87001D -87001DC7001DC7001CC7001CC7001CE7001CE7001CE7001C67001C67001C77001C77001C37001C -37001C37001C17007F1F00FF9F007F0F0013197F9816>I<1FFC003FFE007FFF00780F00F00780 -E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380 -E00380F00780F00780780F007FFF003FFE001FFC0011197E9816>I<7FF800FFFE007FFF001C0F -801C03801C03C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C03C01C03801C0F801FFF001FFE001FF8001C00001C00 -001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00007F0000FF80007F000012197F9816>I<1FFC003FFE007F -FF00780F00F00780E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E00380E0 -0380E00380E00380E0E380E1E380F0F780787F007FFF003FFE001FFC00001C00001E00000E0000 -0F00000700000700111F7E9816>I<7FE000FFF8007FFC001C1E001C0F001C07001C07001C0700 -1C07001C0F001C1E001FFC001FF8001FFC001C1C001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E201C0E70 -1C0E707F07E0FF87E07F03C014197F9816>I<07E3001FFF007FFF00781F00F00F00E00700E007 -00E00000F000007800007F80001FF00007FC0000FE00000F00000780000380000380E00380E003 -80F00780F80F00FFFE00FFFC00C7F00011197E9816>I<7FFFE0FFFFE0FFFFE0E0E0E0E0E0E0E0 -E0E0E0E0E000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000 -E00000E00000E00000E00007FC000FFE0007FC0013197F9816>I<7F07F0FF8FF87F07F01C01C0 -1C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C01C0 -1C01C01C01C00E03800E038007070007FF0003FE0000F8001519809816>III< -7F1F807F3F807F1F800E1E000E1C00073C0007380003B80003F00001F00001E00000E00001E000 -01F00003F00003B80007B800071C00071C000E0E000E0E001C07007F1FC0FF1FE07F1FC013197F -9816>II<7FFF80FFFF80FFFF80E00700E00F00E01E00E01C00003C0000780000700000 -F00001E00001C00003C0000780000700000F00001E03801C03803C0380780380700380FFFF80FF -FF80FFFF8011197E9816>II93 -D<1FE0007FF8007FFC00783C00301E00000E00000E0003FE001FFE007E0E00F00E00E00E00E00E -00F01E00F83E007FFFE03FE7E00F83E013127E9116>97 D<7E0000FE00007E00000E00000E0000 -0E00000E00000E3E000EFF800FFFC00F83E00F01E00E00F00E00F00E00700E00700E00700E0070 -0E00F00F00E00F01E00F83C00FFFC00EFF00063C001419809816>I<03F80FFE1FFE3C1E780C70 -00F000E000E000E000E000F000700778073E0F1FFE0FFC03F010127D9116>I<003F00007F0000 -3F0000070000070000070000070003C7000FF7003FFF003C1F00780F00F00700F00700E00700E0 -0700E00700E00700F00700F00F00781F007C3F003FFFE01FF7F007C7E014197F9816>I<03E00F -F81FFC3C1E780E7007E007FFFFFFFFFFFFE000E000700778073C0F1FFE0FFC03F010127D9116> -I<001F00007F8000FF8001E78001C30001C00001C0007FFF00FFFF00FFFF0001C00001C00001C0 -0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0003FFE007FFF003FFE001119 -7F9816>I<03E3C00FFFE01FFFE01E3CC03C1E00380E00380E00380E003C1E001E3C001FFC001F -F8003BE0003800003800001FFC001FFF003FFFC07803C0F001E0E000E0E000E0E000E0F001E07C -07C03FFF800FFE0003F800131C7F9116>I<7E0000FE00007E00000E00000E00000E00000E0000 -0E3C000EFF000FFF800F87800F03800F03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E0380 -0E03800E03807FC7F0FFE7F87FC7F01519809816>I<018003C003C0018000000000000000007F -C07FC07FC001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C07FFFFFFF7FFF101A7D99 -16>I<7E0000FE00007E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E7FE00E7FE00E7FE00E0F000E1E00 -0E3C000E78000EF0000FF0000FF8000FBC000F1E000E0E000E07000E07807F87F0FFCFF07F87F0 -1419809816>107 DII<7E3C00FE -FF007FFF800F87800F03800F03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E -03807FC7F0FFE7F87FC7F01512809116>I<03E0000FF8001FFC003C1E00780F00700700E00380 -E00380E00380E00380E00380F00780700700780F003C1E001FFC000FF80003E00011127E9116> -I<7E3E00FEFF807FFFC00F83E00F01E00E00F00E00F00E00700E00700E00700E00700E00F00F00 -E00F01E00F83C00FFFC00EFF000E3C000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00000E00007FC000FFE0 -007FC000141B809116>I114 -D<0FEC3FFC7FFCF03CE01CE01CF0007F801FF007FC003EE00EE00EF00EF81EFFFCFFF8C7E00F12 -7D9116>I<0300000700000700000700000700007FFF00FFFF00FFFF0007000007000007000007 -000007000007000007000007010007038007038007078007878003FF0003FE0000F80011177F96 -16>I<7E1F80FE3F807E1F800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E03800E0380 -0E03800E07800F0F800FFFF007FFF803E3F01512809116>I<7F1FC0FF1FE07F1FC01C07001E0F -000E0E000E0E000E0E00071C00071C00071C00071C0003B80003B80003B80001F00001F00000E0 -0013127F9116>II<7F1FC07F3FC07F1FC0 -0F1C00073C0003B80003F00001F00000E00001E00001F00003B800073C00071C000E0E007F1FC0 -FF3FE07F1FC013127F9116>I<7F1FC0FF9FE07F1FC01C07000E07000E0E000E0E00070E00071C -00071C00039C00039C0003980001B80001B80000F00000F00000F00000E00000E00000E00001C0 -0079C0007BC0007F80003F00003C0000131B7F9116>I124 D E /Fx 35 91 -df44 DI<03C00FF01FF83C3C381C70 -0E700E700EE007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E007700E700E700E381C -3C3C1FF80FF007E0101D7E9B15>48 D<010007003F00FF00C70007000700070007000700070007 -0007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700FFF8FFF80D1C7C9B15> -I<07C01FF03878701C601EE00EC00F400F400700070007000F000E001E001C003C007800F001E0 -01C0038007000E001C0038007000FFFFFFFF101C7E9B15>I<07E01FF03838701CE01E401E401E -001E001E001C003C007807F007E007F0003C001C001E000F000F000F000F800F800FC01E601C38 -3C1FF007E0101D7E9B15>I<003C00007C00005C0000DC0001DC00019C00039C00039C00071C00 -071C000E1C000E1C001C1C003C1C00381C00781C00701C00F01C00FFFFC0FFFFC0001C00001C00 -001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00121B7F9A15>I<7FFE7FFE70007000700070007000700070 -0073E07FF07FF87E3C7C1E781E780F000F000F000F000F000F000F401EC01E603C38781FF00FC0 -101C7E9A15>I<00F803FC07040E001C00380038007000700071F0E7F8EFFCFC3CF81EF00EF007 -E007E007E007E007E00770077007700E300E381C1C380FF003E0101D7E9B15>II<001C0000003E0000003E0000002E000000670000006700 -0000E7800000C7800000C3800001C3C0000183C0000181C0000381E0000381E0000700F0000700 -F0000600F0000E0078000FFFF8000FFFF8001C003C001C003C0018003C0038001E0038001E0070 -001F0070000F0070000F00E0000780191D7F9C1C>65 DI< -003FC000FFF003C0F00780300F00001E00003C00003C0000780000780000780000F00000F00000 -F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F00000F000007800007800007800003C00003C00001E0000 -0F000807801803C07800FFF0003F80151F7D9D1B>IIII<003F8001FFF003C0 -F80780380F00181E00003C00003C0000780000780000780000F00000F00000F00000F00000F000 -00F00000F007F8F007F8F000387800387800387800383C00383C00381E00380F003807803803C0 -F801FFF0003F80151F7D9D1C>III<007800780078007800780078 -0078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078007800780078C0 -78E0F0FFF07FE01F800D1E7E9C14>IIIII<003F000001FFE00003FFF00007C0F8000F807C001E001E003E001F003C000F007800078078 -00078078000780F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0F00003C0 -F80007C078000780780007807C000F803C000F003E001F001F003E000F807C0007C0F80003FFF0 -0001FFE000003F00001A1F7E9D1F>II82 D<03F8000FFE001C0F00380700700300600000E00000E00000E00000E000 -00F000007800007F00003FE0001FFC0007FE0001FF00001F800007800003C00003C00001C00001 -C00001C00001C0C00180E00380F007007C0E001FFC0007F000121F7E9D17>IIIII<78000E007C001E003C003C001E0038000F0070 -000F00F0000781E00003C1C00001C3C00001E7800000F70000007E0000003E0000003C0000003C -0000007E00000077000000E7800001E3800003C1C0000381E0000700F0000F00F8000E0078001C -003C003C003E0078001F0070000F00F0000F80191D7F9C1C>II<7FFFF07FFFF000 -01E00003E00003C00007C0000780000F00001F00001E00003E00003C0000780000F80000F00001 -F00001E00003C00007C0000780000F80000F00001E00003E00003C00007C0000780000FFFFF0FF -FFF0141D7E9C19>I E /Fy 5 117 df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z 63 124 df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df<00180030006000C001C00380070007000E001E001C003C003C003C00780078007800 -7800F800F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F000F80078007800780078003C003C -003C001C001E000E0007000700038001C000C00060003000180D317BA416>40 -DI<387CFEFFFF7F3B03030706 -060C1C18702008117C8610>44 DI<387CFEFEFE7C3807077C -8610>I<00FE0007FFC00F83E01F01F03E00F83E00F87C007C7C007C7C007CFC007CFC007EFC00 -7EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E7C007C7C00 -7C7C007C3E00F83E00F81F01F00F83E007FFC000FE0017207E9F1C>48 D<00180000780001F800 -FFF800FFF80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F800 -01F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F80001F800 -01F8007FFFE07FFFE013207C9F1C>I<03FC000FFF003C1FC07007E07C07F0FE03F0FE03F8FE03 -F8FE01F87C01F83803F80003F80003F00003F00007E00007C0000F80001F00003E000038000070 -0000E01801C0180380180700180E00380FFFF01FFFF03FFFF07FFFF0FFFFF0FFFFF015207D9F1C ->I<00FE0007FFC00F07E01E03F03F03F03F81F83F81F83F81F81F03F81F03F00003F00003E000 -07C0001F8001FE0001FF000007C00001F00001F80000FC0000FC3C00FE7E00FEFF00FEFF00FEFF -00FEFF00FC7E01FC7801F81E07F00FFFC001FE0017207E9F1C>I<0000E00001E00003E00003E0 -0007E0000FE0001FE0001FE00037E00077E000E7E001C7E00187E00307E00707E00E07E00C07E0 -1807E03807E07007E0E007E0FFFFFEFFFFFE0007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E00007E0 -00FFFE00FFFE17207E9F1C>I<6000007800007FFFFE7FFFFE7FFFFC7FFFF87FFFF87FFFF0E000 -60E000C0C00180C00300C00300000600000C00001C0000180000380000780000780000F00000F0 -0000F00001F00001F00001F00003F00003F00003F00003F00003F00003F00003F00001E0001722 -7DA11C>55 D<000070000000007000000000F800000000F800000000F800000001FC00000001FC -00000003FE00000003FE00000003FE00000006FF000000067F0000000E7F8000000C3F8000000C -3F800000183FC00000181FC00000381FE00000300FE00000300FE00000600FF000006007F00000 -E007F80000FFFFF80000FFFFF800018001FC00018001FC00038001FE00030000FE00030000FE00 -0600007F000600007F00FFE00FFFF8FFE00FFFF825227EA12A>65 DI<0003FE0080001FFF818000FF01E38001F8003F8003E0001F8007C0000F -800F800007801F800007803F000003803F000003807F000001807E000001807E00000180FE0000 -0000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE00000000FE000000007E00 -0000007E000001807F000001803F000001803F000003801F800003000F8000030007C000060003 -F0000C0001F800380000FF00F000001FFFC0000003FE000021227DA128>III< -FFFFE0FFFFE003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F800 -03F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F800 -03F80003F80003F80003F80003F80003F800FFFFE0FFFFE013227FA115>73 -D75 DI<0007FC0000003FFF800000FC07E00003F001F80007E000FC000FC0007E -001F80003F001F80003F003F00001F803F00001F807F00001FC07E00000FC07E00000FC0FE0000 -0FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00000FE0FE00 -000FE07E00000FC07F00001FC07F00001FC03F00001F803F80003F801F80003F000FC0007E0007 -E000FC0003F001F80000FC07E000003FFF80000007FC000023227DA12A>79 -DI82 D<01FC0407FF8C1F03FC3C007C7C003C78001C78001CF8000CF8000CFC00 -0CFC0000FF0000FFE0007FFF007FFFC03FFFF01FFFF80FFFFC03FFFE003FFE0003FF00007F0000 -3F00003FC0001FC0001FC0001FE0001EE0001EF0003CFC003CFF00F8C7FFE080FF8018227DA11F ->I<7FFFFFFF807FFFFFFF807E03F80F807803F807807003F803806003F80180E003F801C0E003 -F801C0C003F800C0C003F800C0C003F800C0C003F800C00003F800000003F800000003F8000000 -03F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F80000 -0003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800000003F800 -000003F8000003FFFFF80003FFFFF80022227EA127>I87 -D<7FFFC1FFF07FFFC1FFF003FC000C0001FE00180000FE00380000FF007000007F806000003F80 -C000003FC1C000001FE38000000FE30000000FF700000007FE00000003FC00000003FC00000001 -FE00000000FE00000000FF00000000FF80000001FFC0000001BFC00000031FE00000070FF00000 -0E0FF000000C07F800001803FC00003803FC00003001FE00006000FF0000E000FF0001C0007F80 -0180003FC0FFFC03FFFEFFFC03FFFE27227FA12A>I<07FC001FFF803F07C03F03E03F01E03F01 -F01E01F00001F00001F0003FF003FDF01FC1F03F01F07E01F0FC01F0FC01F0FC01F0FC01F07E02 -F07E0CF81FF87F07E03F18167E951B>97 D<00FF8007FFE00F83F01F03F03E03F07E03F07C01E0 -7C0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC0000FC00007C00007E00007E00003E00301F00600FC0E0 -07FF8000FE0014167E9519>99 D<0001FE000001FE0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000 -003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0000003E0001FC3E0007FFBE000F81FE00 -1F007E003E003E007E003E007C003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E00FC003E -00FC003E00FC003E007C003E007C003E003E007E001E00FE000F83BE0007FF3FC001FC3FC01A23 -7EA21F>I<00FE0007FF800F87C01E01E03E01F07C00F07C00F8FC00F8FC00F8FFFFF8FFFFF8FC -0000FC0000FC00007C00007C00007E00003E00181F00300FC07003FFC000FF0015167E951A>I< -03FC1E0FFF7F1F0F8F3E07CF3C03C07C03E07C03E07C03E07C03E07C03E03C03C03E07C01F0F80 -1FFF0013FC003000003000003800003FFF801FFFF00FFFF81FFFFC3800FC70003EF0001EF0001E -F0001EF0001E78003C7C007C3F01F80FFFE001FF0018217E951C>103 DI<1C003F007F007F007F003F001C0000000000 -00000000000000000000FF00FF001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F -001F001F001F001F001F00FFE0FFE00B247EA310>I107 DIII<00FE0007FFC00F83E01E00F03E00F87C007C7C007C7C007CFC -007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007EFC007E7C007C7C007C3E00F81F01F00F83E007FFC000 -FE0017167E951C>II114 D<0FF3003FFF00781F00600700E00300 -E00300F00300FC00007FE0007FF8003FFE000FFF0001FF00000F80C00780C00380E00380E00380 -F00700FC0E00EFFC00C7F00011167E9516>I<0180000180000180000180000380000380000780 -000780000F80003F8000FFFF00FFFF000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80000F80 -000F80000F80000F80000F81800F81800F81800F81800F81800F830007C30003FE0000F8001120 -7F9F16>II -120 DI123 -D E /FB 27 124 df<78FCFCFCFC7806067D850D>46 D<03F8000F1E001C07003C078038038078 -03C07803C07803C0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F803E0F8 -03E0F803E07803C07803C03803803C07801C07000F1E0003F800131B7E9A18>48 -D<00600001E0000FE000FFE000F3E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E0 -0003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E00003E0007FFF -807FFF80111B7D9A18>I68 D73 -D80 D<07F8201FFEE03C07E07801E07000E0F000E0F00060F00060F80000FE0000FFE0007FFE -003FFF003FFF800FFFC007FFE0007FE00003F00001F00000F0C000F0C000F0C000E0E000E0F001 -C0FC03C0EFFF0083FC00141C7D9B1B>83 D<7FFFFFE07FFFFFE0781F81E0701F80E0601F8060E0 -1F8070C01F8030C01F8030C01F8030C01F8030001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000 -001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F8000001F80 -00001F800007FFFE0007FFFE001C1C7E9B21>I<0FF8001C1E003E0F803E07803E07C01C07C000 -07C0007FC007E7C01F07C03C07C07C07C0F807C0F807C0F807C0780BC03E13F80FE1F815127F91 -17>97 DI<03FC000E0E001C1F003C1F00781F00780E00F8 -0000F80000F80000F80000F80000F800007800007801803C01801C03000E0E0003F80011127E91 -15>I<000FF0000FF00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F00001F001F9F0 -0F07F01C03F03C01F07801F07801F0F801F0F801F0F801F0F801F0F801F0F801F07801F07801F0 -3C01F01C03F00F0FFE03F9FE171D7E9C1B>I<01FC000F07001C03803C01C07801C07801E0F801 -E0F801E0FFFFE0F80000F80000F800007800007C00603C00601E00C00F038001FC0013127F9116 ->I<03F8F00E0F381E0F381C07303C07803C07803C07803C07801C07001E0F000E0E001BF80010 -00001800001800001FFF001FFFC00FFFE01FFFF07801F8F00078F00078F000787000707800F01E -03C007FF00151B7F9118>103 DI<1E003F003F003F003F -001E00000000000000000000000000FF00FF001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F00 -1F001F001F001F00FFE0FFE00B1E7F9D0E>I<007800FC00FC00FC00FC00780000000000000000 -0000000003FC03FC007C007C007C007C007C007C007C007C007C007C007C007C007C007C007C00 -7C007C007C707CF87CF878F8F070E01F800E26839D0F>I108 DII<01FC000F07801C01C03C01E07800F07800F0F800F8F800F8 -F800F8F800F8F800F8F800F87800F07800F03C01E01E03C00F078001FC0015127F9118>I114 D<1FD830786018E018E018F000FF807FE07F -F01FF807FC007CC01CC01CE01CE018F830CFC00E127E9113>I<0300030003000300070007000F -000F003FFCFFFC1F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F001F0C1F0C1F0C1F0C0F08079803F0 -0E1A7F9913>II120 D123 D E /FC 10 -123 df0 D2 D<07E01FF83FFC7FFE7FFEFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF7FFE7FFE3FFC1FF8 -07E010107E9115>15 D<000001800000078000001E00000078000001E00000078000001E000000 -78000001E00000078000001E00000078000000E0000000780000001E0000000780000001E00000 -00780000001E0000000780000001E0000000780000001E00000007800000018000000000000000 -000000000000000000000000000000000000000000FFFFFF80FFFFFF8019227D9920>20 -D<003C00E001C00180038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003000700 -1C00F0001C00070003000380038003800380038003800380038003800380038003800380018001 -C000E0003C0E297D9E15>102 DI110 -D<1F00308070406060E0E0E0E0E040E00060007000300018001C003300718061C0E0C0E0E0E0E0 -E0E060E070C031C0198007000300018001C000C000E040E0E0E0E0E0C0C041C021801F000B257D -9C12>120 D<02000700070007000700070007000200020002007270FFF8727002000200070007 -000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000200020002000200 -020002000D267E9C12>I<02000700070007000700020002004210FFF8FFF80200020002000700 -0700070007000200000002000700070007000700020002000200FFF8FFF8421002000200070007 -000700070002000D257E9C12>I E /FD 41 124 df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df<007E1F0001C1B1800303E3C00703C3C00E03C1800E01 -C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C000FFFFFC000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E -01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C0000E01C000 -0E01C0000E01C0000E01C0007F87FC001A1D809C18>11 D<007E0001C1800301800703C00E03C0 -0E01800E00000E00000E00000E00000E0000FFFFC00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0 -0E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C07F87F8151D809C17> -I<007FC001C1C00303C00703C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C0FFFFC00E01 -C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01C00E01 -C00E01C00E01C07FCFF8151D809C17>I<003F07E00001C09C18000380F018000701F03C000E01 -E03C000E00E018000E00E000000E00E000000E00E000000E00E000000E00E00000FFFFFFFC000E -00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C00 -0E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C000E00E01C -007FC7FCFF80211D809C23>I<6060F0F0F8F86868080808080808101010102020404080800D0C -7F9C15>34 D<00030180000301800003018000070380000603000006030000060300000E070000 -0C0600000C0600000C0600000C0600001C0E007FFFFFF8FFFFFFFC003018000030180000301800 -0070380000603000006030000060300000603000FFFFFFFC7FFFFFF801C0E0000180C0000180C0 -000180C0000381C000030180000301800003018000070380000603000006030000060300001E25 -7E9C23>I<0080008007E01898308460824081C087C08FC08FC086E080F0807E803FC01FF00FF8 -03FC00BE008E00876087F083F083E0838082408240842088189007E00080008010217E9E15>I< -0F0000C0188001C030600380703807806027FF00E0100600E0100E00E0101C00E0101800E01038 -00E0103000E01070006020E0007020C0003041C000188380000F0303C000070620000E0C10000C -1C08001C18080038380400303804007038040060380400E0380401C03804018038040380180807 -001C0806000C100E0006200C0003C01E217E9E23>I<60F0F8680808081010204080050C7C9C0C> -39 D<004000800100020006000C000C0018001800300030007000600060006000E000E000E000 -E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000600060006000700030003000180018000C000C0006 -0002000100008000400A2A7D9E10>I<800040002000100018000C000C00060006000300030003 -8001800180018001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00180018001800380 -03000300060006000C000C00180010002000400080000A2A7E9E10>I<01800180018001804182 -F18F399C0FF003C003C00FF0399CF18F4182018001800180018010127E9E15>I<000600000006 -000000060000000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000000600000006000000 -06000000060000FFFFFFE0FFFFFFE0000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000 -000600000006000000060000000600000006000000060000000600001B1C7E9720>I<60F0F070 -1010101020204080040C7C830C>II<60F0F06004047C830C>I<000300 -03000700060006000E000C001C0018001800380030003000700060006000E000C000C001C00180 -0380030003000700060006000E000C000C001C001800180038003000700060006000E000C000C0 -0010297E9E15>I<03C00C301818300C300C700E60066006E007E007E007E007E007E007E007E0 -07E007E007E007E007E00760066006700E300C300C18180C3007E0101D7E9B15>I<030007003F -00C700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700070007000700 -07000700070007000F80FFF80D1C7C9B15>I<07C01830201C400C400EF00FF80FF807F8077007 -000F000E000E001C001C00380070006000C00180030006010C01180110023FFE7FFEFFFE101C7E -9B15>I<07E01830201C201C781E780E781E381E001C001C00180030006007E00030001C001C00 -0E000F000F700FF80FF80FF80FF00E401C201C183007E0101D7E9B15>I<000C00000C00001C00 -003C00003C00005C0000DC00009C00011C00031C00021C00041C000C1C00081C00101C00301C00 -201C00401C00C01C00FFFFC0001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C00001C0001FFC0121C7F -9B15>I<300C3FF83FF03FC020002000200020002000200023E024302818301C200E000E000F00 -0F000F600FF00FF00FF00F800E401E401C2038187007C0101D7E9B15>I<00F0030C06040C0E18 -1E301E300C700070006000E3E0E430E818F00CF00EE006E007E007E007E007E007600760077006 -300E300C18180C3003E0101D7E9B15>I<4000007FFF807FFF007FFF0040020080040080040080 -080000100000100000200000600000400000C00000C00001C00001800001800003800003800003 -8000038000078000078000078000078000078000078000030000111D7E9B15>I<03E00C301008 -200C20066006600660067006780C3E083FB01FE007F007F818FC307E601E600FC007C003C003C0 -03C00360026004300C1C1007E0101D7E9B15>I<03C00C301818300C700C600EE006E006E007E0 -07E007E007E0076007700F300F18170C2707C700060006000E300C780C78187010203030C00F80 -101D7E9B15>I<60F0F0600000000000000000000060F0F06004127C910C>I<60F0F06000000000 -00000000000060F0F0701010101020204080041A7C910C>I<7FFFFFC0FFFFFFE0000000000000 -0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000FFFFFFE07FFFFFC01B0C7E8F20 ->61 D<000600000006000000060000000F0000000F0000000F0000001780000017800000178000 -0023C0000023C0000023C0000041E0000041E0000041E0000080F0000080F0000180F800010078 -0001FFF80003007C0002003C0002003C0006003E0004001E0004001E000C001F001E001F00FF80 -FFF01C1D7F9C1F>65 DI<001F808000E061800180198007000780 -0E0003801C0003801C00018038000180780000807800008070000080F0000000F0000000F00000 -00F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000700000807800008078000080380000801C00 -01001C0001000E000200070004000180080000E03000001FC000191E7E9C1E>IIII<001F808000E0618001801980070007800E -0003801C0003801C00018038000180780000807800008070000080F0000000F0000000F0000000 -F0000000F0000000F0000000F000FFF0F0000F80700007807800078078000780380007801C0007 -801C0007800E00078007000B800180118000E06080001F80001C1E7E9C21>III<1FFF00F800780078007800780078007800780078 -007800780078007800780078007800780078007800787078F878F878F878F0F040E021C01F0010 -1D7F9B15>IIIII<003F800000E0E0000380380007001C000E000E001C0007003C -00078038000380780003C0780003C0700001C0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0 -F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0700001C0780003C0780003C0380003803C0007801C0007000E000E -0007001C000380380000E0E000003F80001B1E7E9C20>II<003F -800000E0E0000380380007001C000E000E001C0007003C00078038000380780003C0780003C070 -0001C0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0F00001E0700001C0 -780003C0780003C0380003803C0E07801C1107000E208E0007205C0003A0780000F0E020003FE0 -200000602000003060000038E000003FC000003FC000001F8000000F001B257E9C20>II<07E0801C1980300580700380600180E00180E00080E00080E00080F00000F800007C0000 -7FC0003FF8001FFE0007FF0000FF80000F800007C00003C00001C08001C08001C08001C0C00180 -C00180E00300D00200CC0C0083F800121E7E9C17>I<7FFFFFC0700F01C0600F00C0400F004040 -0F0040C00F0020800F0020800F0020800F0020000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000 -000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F0000000F00 -00000F0000000F0000001F800003FFFC001B1C7F9B1E>IIII<7FF0FFC00FC03E -000780180003C0180003E0100001E0200001F0600000F0400000788000007D8000003D0000001E -0000001F0000000F0000000F8000000F80000013C0000023E0000021E0000041F00000C0F80000 -80780001007C0003003C0002001E0006001F001F003F80FFC0FFF01C1C7F9B1F>II<7FFFF0 -7C01F07001E06003C06003C0400780400F80400F00401E00001E00003C00007C0000780000F000 -00F00001E00003E00003C0100780100780100F00101F00301E00203C00203C00607800E0F803E0 -FFFFE0141C7E9B19>II<08081010202040404040808080808080B0B0F8F8 -787830300D0C7A9C15>II<0C0012002100408080400A057B9B15>I<1FC000 -307000783800781C00301C00001C00001C0001FC000F1C00381C00701C00601C00E01C40E01C40 -E01C40603C40304E801F870012127E9115>97 DI<07E00C -301878307870306000E000E000E000E000E000E00060007004300418080C3007C00E127E9112> -I<003F0000070000070000070000070000070000070000070000070000070000070003E7000C17 -00180F00300700700700600700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E007006007007007003007 -00180F000C370007C7E0131D7E9C17>I<03E00C301818300C700E6006E006FFFEE000E000E000 -E00060007002300218040C1803E00F127F9112>I<00F8018C071E061E0E0C0E000E000E000E00 -0E000E00FFE00E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E007F -E00F1D809C0D>I<00038003C4C00C38C01C3880181800381C00381C00381C00381C001818001C -38000C300013C0001000003000001800001FF8001FFF001FFF803003806001C0C000C0C000C0C0 -00C06001803003001C0E0007F800121C7F9215>II<1800 -3C003C0018000000000000000000000000000000FC001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C -001C001C001C001C001C001C001C00FF80091D7F9C0C>I<00C001E001E000C000000000000000 -000000000000000FE000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E000E0 -00E000E000E000E000E060E0F0C0F1C061803E000B25839C0D>IIIII<03F0000E1C0018 -0600300300700380600180E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C0E001C060018070038030030018 -06000E1C0003F00012127F9115>II<03C1000C3300180B00300F007007007007 -00E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700E00700600700700700300F00180F000C370007C7000007 -00000700000700000700000700000700000700003FE0131A7E9116>II<1F9030704030 -C010C010E010F8007F803FE00FF000F880388018C018C018E010D0608FC00D127F9110>I<0400 -0400040004000C000C001C003C00FFE01C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C001C101C101C -101C101C100C100E2003C00C1A7F9910>I -III<7F8FF00F03800F0300070200038400 -01C80001D80000F00000700000780000F800009C00010E00020E000607000403801E07C0FF0FF8 -1512809116>II<7FFC70386038407040F040E041C003C0038007000F040E041C -043C0C380870087038FFF80E127F9112>II -I E /FF 39 123 df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df45 D<000001E00000000003F0 -000000000FF0000000003FF000000000FFF00000000FFFF0000003FFFFF00000FFFFFFF00000FF -FFFFF00000FFFFFFF00000FFF0FFF00000FC00FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF0 -00000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF0000000 -00FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF0 -00000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF0000000 -00FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF0 -00000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF0000000 -00FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF0 -00000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF0000000 -00FFF000000000FFF000000000FFF000003FFFFFFFFFC03FFFFFFFFFC03FFFFFFFFFC03FFFFFFF -FFC03FFFFFFFFFC02A4478C33B>49 D<0000000003E000000000000000000007F0000000000000 -00000007F00000000000000000000FF80000000000000000000FF80000000000000000000FF800 -00000000000000001FFC0000000000000000001FFC0000000000000000003FFE00000000000000 -00003FFE0000000000000000007FFF0000000000000000007FFF0000000000000000007FFF0000 -00000000000000FFFF800000000000000000FFFF800000000000000001FFFFC000000000000000 -01FFFFC00000000000000001FFFFC00000000000000003FFFFE00000000000000003EFFFE00000 -000000000007EFFFF00000000000000007CFFFF00000000000000007C7FFF0000000000000000F -C7FFF8000000000000000F83FFF8000000000000001F83FFFC000000000000001F03FFFC000000 -000000001F01FFFC000000000000003F01FFFE000000000000003E00FFFE000000000000007E00 -FFFF000000000000007C007FFF00000000000000FC007FFF80000000000000F8007FFF80000000 -000000F8003FFF80000000000001F8003FFFC0000000000001F0001FFFC0000000000003F0001F -FFE0000000000003E0001FFFE0000000000003E0000FFFE0000000000007E0000FFFF000000000 -0007C00007FFF000000000000FC00007FFF800000000000F800007FFF800000000000F800003FF -F800000000001F800003FFFC00000000001F000001FFFC00000000003FFFFFFFFFFE0000000000 -3FFFFFFFFFFE00000000007FFFFFFFFFFF00000000007FFFFFFFFFFF00000000007FFFFFFFFFFF -0000000000FC0000007FFF8000000000F80000003FFF8000000001F80000003FFFC000000001F0 -0000003FFFC000000001F00000001FFFC000000003F00000001FFFE000000003E00000000FFFE0 -00000007E00000000FFFF000000007C00000000FFFF000000007C000000007FFF00000000FC000 -000007FFF80000000F8000000003FFF80000001F8000000003FFFC0000001F0000000003FFFC00 -00007FC000000001FFFC0000FFFFFFC00007FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFC00007FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFC000 -07FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFC00007FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFC00007FFFFFFFF8051487CC75A>65 -DI<000000003FFE00000E0000000FFFFFC0 -001E0000007FFFFFF8003E000003FFFFFFFE00FE00000FFFFFFFFF81FE00003FFFF800FFC3FE00 -00FFFF80000FF7FE0001FFFC000003FFFE0007FFF0000001FFFE000FFFC00000007FFE001FFF80 -0000003FFE003FFF000000001FFE007FFE000000000FFE00FFFC0000000007FE01FFF800000000 -07FE03FFF00000000003FE03FFF00000000001FE07FFE00000000001FE07FFE00000000000FE0F -FFC00000000000FE0FFFC000000000007E1FFFC000000000007E1FFF8000000000007E3FFF8000 -000000007E3FFF8000000000003E3FFF8000000000003E7FFF8000000000003E7FFF0000000000 -003E7FFF000000000000007FFF00000000000000FFFF00000000000000FFFF00000000000000FF -FF00000000000000FFFF00000000000000FFFF00000000000000FFFF00000000000000FFFF0000 -0000000000FFFF00000000000000FFFF00000000000000FFFF00000000000000FFFF0000000000 -0000FFFF00000000000000FFFF000000000000007FFF000000000000007FFF000000000000007F -FF000000000000007FFF8000000000003E3FFF8000000000003E3FFF8000000000003E3FFF8000 -000000003E1FFF8000000000003E1FFFC000000000003E0FFFC000000000007C0FFFC000000000 -007C07FFE000000000007C07FFE00000000000F803FFF00000000000F803FFF00000000001F801 -FFF80000000001F000FFFC0000000003E0007FFE0000000007E0003FFF000000000FC0001FFF80 -0000001F80000FFFC00000003F000007FFF0000000FE000001FFFC000001FC000000FFFF80000F -F80000003FFFF8007FF00000000FFFFFFFFFC000000003FFFFFFFF00000000007FFFFFFC000000 -00000FFFFFE00000000000003FFE000000474979C756>II< -000000003FFE00000E000000000FFFFFC0001E000000007FFFFFF8003E00000003FFFFFFFE00FE -0000000FFFFFFFFF81FE0000003FFFF800FFC3FE000000FFFF80000FF7FE000001FFFC000003FF -FE000007FFF0000001FFFE00000FFFC00000007FFE00001FFF800000003FFE00003FFF00000000 -1FFE00007FFE000000000FFE0000FFFC0000000007FE0001FFF80000000007FE0003FFF0000000 -0003FE0003FFF00000000001FE0007FFE00000000001FE0007FFE00000000000FE000FFFC00000 -000000FE000FFFC000000000007E001FFFC000000000007E001FFF8000000000007E003FFF8000 -000000007E003FFF8000000000003E003FFF8000000000003E007FFF8000000000003E007FFF00 -00000000003E007FFF00000000000000007FFF0000000000000000FFFF0000000000000000FFFF -0000000000000000FFFF0000000000000000FFFF0000000000000000FFFF0000000000000000FF -FF0000000000000000FFFF0000000000000000FFFF0000000000000000FFFF0000000000000000 -FFFF0000000000000000FFFF0000000000000000FFFF0000000000000000FFFF0000007FFFFFFF -FE7FFF0000007FFFFFFFFE7FFF0000007FFFFFFFFE7FFF8000007FFFFFFFFE7FFF8000007FFFFF -FFFE3FFF8000000000FFFE003FFF8000000000FFFE003FFF8000000000FFFE001FFF8000000000 -FFFE001FFFC000000000FFFE000FFFC000000000FFFE000FFFC000000000FFFE0007FFE0000000 -00FFFE0007FFE000000000FFFE0003FFF000000000FFFE0003FFF800000000FFFE0001FFF80000 -0000FFFE0000FFFC00000000FFFE00007FFE00000000FFFE00003FFF00000000FFFE00001FFF80 -000000FFFE00000FFFE0000001FFFE000007FFF0000003FFFE000001FFFC000007FFFE000000FF -FF80001FFFFE0000003FFFFC00FFC7FE0000000FFFFFFFFF83FE00000003FFFFFFFE00FE000000 -007FFFFFF8003E000000000FFFFFE0000E00000000003FFE000000004F4979C75D>71 -D73 D75 DIII<00000003FFF0000000000000007FFFFF80000000000003FFFF -FFF000000000000FFFFFFFFC00000000003FFF807FFF0000000000FFF80007FFC000000003FFE0 -0001FFF000000007FFC00000FFF80000000FFF0000003FFC0000001FFE0000001FFE0000003FFC -0000000FFF0000007FFC0000000FFF800000FFF800000007FFC00001FFF000000003FFE00003FF -F000000003FFF00003FFE000000001FFF00007FFE000000001FFF80007FFC000000000FFF8000F -FFC000000000FFFC000FFFC000000000FFFC001FFF80000000007FFE001FFF80000000007FFE00 -3FFF80000000007FFF003FFF80000000007FFF003FFF80000000007FFF007FFF00000000003FFF -807FFF00000000003FFF807FFF00000000003FFF807FFF00000000003FFF807FFF00000000003F -FF80FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF0000000000 -3FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000 -003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF000000 -00003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC0FFFF00000000003FFFC07FFF00000000003FFF807FFF0000 -0000003FFF807FFF80000000007FFF807FFF80000000007FFF803FFF80000000007FFF003FFF80 -000000007FFF003FFF80000000007FFF001FFFC000000000FFFE001FFFC000000000FFFE001FFF -C000000000FFFE000FFFE000000001FFFC000FFFE000000001FFFC0007FFE000000001FFF80003 -FFF000000003FFF00003FFF800000007FFF00001FFF800000007FFE00000FFFC0000000FFFC000 -007FFE0000001FFF8000007FFF0000003FFF8000003FFF8000007FFF0000000FFFC00000FFFC00 -000007FFF00003FFF800000003FFFC000FFFF000000000FFFF807FFFC0000000007FFFFFFFFF80 -000000000FFFFFFFFC000000000003FFFFFFF00000000000007FFFFF8000000000000003FFF000 -0000004A4979C759>II<00007FF0000700 -0007FFFF000F00001FFFFFC01F00007FFFFFF03F0000FFFFFFFC7F0003FFC00FFEFF0007FE0000 -FFFF0007FC00003FFF000FF000001FFF001FF0000007FF001FE0000003FF003FE0000001FF003F -C0000001FF007FC0000000FF007FC00000007F007FC00000007F00FFC00000003F00FFC0000000 -3F00FFC00000003F00FFE00000003F00FFE00000001F00FFF00000001F00FFF80000001F00FFFC -0000001F00FFFF00000000007FFFC0000000007FFFFE000000007FFFFFE00000003FFFFFFF0000 -003FFFFFFFF000001FFFFFFFFC00001FFFFFFFFF00000FFFFFFFFFC00007FFFFFFFFE00007FFFF -FFFFF00003FFFFFFFFF80000FFFFFFFFFC00007FFFFFFFFE00003FFFFFFFFE00000FFFFFFFFF00 -0001FFFFFFFF0000003FFFFFFF80000001FFFFFF800000000FFFFFC000000000FFFFC000000000 -1FFFC0000000000FFFE00000000007FFE00000000003FFE07800000001FFE0F800000000FFE0F8 -00000000FFE0F8000000007FE0F8000000007FE0F8000000007FE0FC000000007FE0FC00000000 -7FC0FC000000007FC0FE000000007FC0FE000000007F80FF00000000FF80FF80000000FF80FFC0 -000000FF00FFE0000001FE00FFF8000003FE00FFFE000007FC00FFFF80000FF800FFFFFC007FF0 -00FE3FFFFFFFE000FC0FFFFFFF8000F803FFFFFF0000F0007FFFF80000E00003FFC00000334979 -C742>83 D<3FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF003FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF003FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF003FFFFFFF -FFFFFFFFFF003FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF003FFF0003FFF8003FFF007FF80003FFF80007FF807FE000 -03FFF80001FF807FC00003FFF80000FF807F800003FFF800007F807F000003FFF800003F807F00 -0003FFF800003F807E000003FFF800001F807E000003FFF800001F807E000003FFF800000F807C -000003FFF800000F807C000003FFF800000F807C000003FFF800000F807C000003FFF800000F80 -FC000003FFF800000FC0F8000003FFF8000007C0F8000003FFF8000007C0F8000003FFF8000007 -C0F8000003FFF8000007C0F8000003FFF8000007C000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000 -000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF800 -00000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF8 -0000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FF -F80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003 -FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF800000000000000 -03FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF8000000000000 -0003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000 -000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF800000000 -00000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF8000000 -0000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF80000000000000003FFF8000000000003FFFFFFFFFFF8 -00000003FFFFFFFFFFF800000003FFFFFFFFFFF800000003FFFFFFFFFFF800000003FFFFFFFFFF -F800004A467CC553>I<7FFFFFFFF801FFFFFFF0007FFFFFFFF801FFFFFFF0007FFFFFFFF801FF -FFFFF0007FFFFFFFF801FFFFFFF0007FFFFFFFF801FFFFFFF000000FFFF8000003FF800000000F -FFF80000007E0000000007FFFC000000FC0000000003FFFE000001F80000000003FFFE000003F8 -0000000001FFFF000003F00000000000FFFF800007E000000000007FFFC0000FC000000000007F -FFC0001FC000000000003FFFE0001F8000000000001FFFF0003F0000000000001FFFF0007E0000 -000000000FFFF800FE00000000000007FFFC00FC00000000000003FFFC01F800000000000003FF -FE03F000000000000001FFFF07F000000000000000FFFF87E000000000000000FFFF8FC0000000 -000000007FFFDF80000000000000003FFFFF80000000000000003FFFFF00000000000000001FFF -FE00000000000000000FFFFC000000000000000007FFFC000000000000000007FFFC0000000000 -00000003FFFE000000000000000001FFFF000000000000000001FFFF000000000000000000FFFF -8000000000000000007FFFC000000000000000003FFFE000000000000000007FFFE00000000000 -0000007FFFF00000000000000000FFFFF80000000000000001FFFFF80000000000000003FFFFFC -0000000000000003F3FFFE0000000000000007E1FFFE000000000000000FC1FFFF000000000000 -001FC0FFFF800000000000001F807FFFC00000000000003F007FFFC00000000000007E003FFFE0 -000000000000FE001FFFF0000000000000FC001FFFF0000000000001F8000FFFF8000000000003 -F00007FFFC000000000007F00003FFFE000000000007E00003FFFE00000000000FC00001FFFF00 -000000001F800000FFFF80000000003F800000FFFF80000000003F0000007FFFC0000000007E00 -00003FFFE000000000FC0000001FFFF000000001FC0000001FFFF000000001F80000000FFFF800 -000003F000000007FFFC00000007E000000007FFFC0000001FFC00000003FFFE0000FFFFFFF800 -03FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFF80003FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFF80003FFFFFFFF80FFFFFFF80003FFFFFFFF80 -FFFFFFF80003FFFFFFFF8051477CC65A>88 D<0007FFFC000000007FFFFFC0000001FFFFFFF800 -0003FFFFFFFE000007FE001FFF000007FF0003FFC0000FFF8001FFE0000FFF8000FFF0000FFF80 -007FF0000FFF80007FF8000FFF80007FF80007FF00003FFC0007FF00003FFC0003FE00003FFC00 -00F800003FFC00000000003FFC00000000003FFC00000000003FFC00000000003FFC00000007FF -FFFC000000FFFFFFFC000007FFFFFFFC00003FFFE03FFC0000FFFE003FFC0003FFF0003FFC0007 -FFC0003FFC000FFF00003FFC001FFE00003FFC003FFC00003FFC007FF800003FFC007FF800003F -FC00FFF000003FFC00FFF000003FFC00FFF000003FFC00FFF000003FFC00FFF000003FFC00FFF0 -00007FFC007FF80000FFFC007FF80001EFFC003FFC0003EFFC003FFF0007CFFF000FFFC03F8FFF -F807FFFFFF07FFFC01FFFFFC03FFFC007FFFF001FFFC0003FF80007FF8362E7DAD3A>97 -D<007FC00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC0000000 -0000FFFFC0000000000003FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC00000 -00000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC000 -0000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0 -000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FF -C0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC00FFC00000001FFC07FFFC0000001FFC3FFFFF0000001 -FFCFFFFFFC000001FFDFF00FFF000001FFFF8003FF800001FFFE0001FFC00001FFF800007FE000 -01FFF000007FF00001FFE000003FF80001FFE000001FFC0001FFE000001FFC0001FFE000001FFE -0001FFE000001FFE0001FFE000000FFF0001FFE000000FFF0001FFE000000FFF0001FFE000000F -FF0001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE00000 -0FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000 -000FFF8001FFE000000FFF0001FFE000000FFF0001FFE000000FFF0001FFE000001FFE0001FFE0 -00001FFE0001FFE000001FFC0001FFE000001FFC0001FFE000003FF80001FFF000003FF80001FF -F800007FF00001FFFC0000FFE00001FFFE0001FFC00001FFBF0007FF800001FF1FE01FFE000001 -FE0FFFFFFC000001FC03FFFFF0000001F800FFFF80000001F0001FF800000039487CC742>I<00 -001FFFC0000000FFFFF8000007FFFFFE00001FFFFFFF80007FFC00FFC000FFE001FFC001FFC003 -FFE003FF8003FFE007FF0003FFE00FFE0003FFE00FFE0003FFE01FFC0001FFC01FFC0001FFC03F -FC0000FF803FFC00003E007FF8000000007FF8000000007FF800000000FFF800000000FFF80000 -0000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF800000000FF -F800000000FFF8000000007FF8000000007FF8000000007FFC000000003FFC000000003FFC0000 -00001FFC000000F81FFE000000F80FFE000000F80FFF000001F007FF800003F003FFC00007E001 -FFE0000FC000FFF0001F80007FFE00FF00001FFFFFFE000007FFFFF8000000FFFFE00000001FFE -00002D2E7CAD35>I<00000000007FC00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFF -C00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC0000000000003FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001 -FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC00000000000 -01FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC000000000 -0001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000 -000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC00000000FFC01FFC0000000FFFF81FFC00000 -07FFFFE1FFC000001FFFFFF9FFC000007FFC03FFFFC00000FFF0007FFFC00001FFC0001FFFC000 -03FF80000FFFC00007FF000007FFC0000FFE000003FFC0000FFE000003FFC0001FFC000003FFC0 -001FFC000003FFC0003FFC000003FFC0003FFC000003FFC0007FF8000003FFC0007FF8000003FF -C0007FF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003 -FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF8000003FFC000FFF80000 -03FFC000FFF8000003FFC0007FF8000003FFC0007FF8000003FFC0007FF8000003FFC0003FF800 -0003FFC0003FFC000003FFC0003FFC000003FFC0001FFC000003FFC0001FFC000003FFC0000FFE -000007FFC00007FF00000FFFC00003FF00001FFFC00001FFC0003FFFC00000FFE000FFFFE00000 -7FF807FBFFFF80001FFFFFF3FFFF800007FFFFC3FFFF800001FFFF03FFFF8000001FF803FFFF80 -39487CC742>I<00001FFE00000001FFFFE0000007FFFFF800001FFFFFFE00007FFC07FF0000FF -E001FF8001FFC0007FC003FF80003FE007FF00003FF00FFE00001FF01FFE00000FF81FFC00000F -F83FFC00000FFC3FFC000007FC7FFC000007FC7FF8000007FC7FF8000007FE7FF8000007FEFFF8 -000007FEFFF8000007FEFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFFFFFEFFFFFFFFFFFCFFF8000000 -00FFF800000000FFF800000000FFF8000000007FF8000000007FF8000000007FFC000000003FFC -000000003FFC000000003FFC0000001C1FFE0000003E0FFE0000003E07FF0000007E07FF000000 -FC03FF800001F801FFC00003F0007FF0001FE0003FFE00FFC0001FFFFFFF800007FFFFFE000000 -FFFFF80000000FFF80002F2E7DAD36>I<000000FFC000000007FFF80000003FFFFC000000FFFF -FF000001FFC1FF000007FF03FF80000FFC03FF80000FF807FFC0001FF807FFC0003FF007FFC000 -3FF007FFC0003FE003FF80007FE003FF80007FE001FF00007FE000FE00007FE0003800007FE000 -0000007FE0000000007FE0000000007FE0000000007FE0000000007FE0000000007FE000000000 -7FE0000000007FE0000000007FE0000000FFFFFFFE0000FFFFFFFE0000FFFFFFFE0000FFFFFFFE -0000FFFFFFFE0000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF000000000 -7FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF000 -0000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF000000000 -7FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF000 -0000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF000000000 -7FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF0000000007FF00000003FFFFFF800003FFFFFF8 -00003FFFFFF800003FFFFFF800003FFFFFF800002A487DC724>I<00000000001F8000007FF000 -FFE00007FFFF03FFF0001FFFFFC7FFF0007FFFFFFFC7F800FFE03FFE0FF801FF800FFC0FF803FF -0007FE0FF807FE0003FF07F007FE0003FF07F00FFC0001FF81C00FFC0001FF80000FFC0001FF80 -001FFC0001FFC0001FFC0001FFC0001FFC0001FFC0001FFC0001FFC0001FFC0001FFC0001FFC00 -01FFC0000FFC0001FF80000FFC0001FF80000FFC0001FF800007FE0003FF000007FE0003FF0000 -03FF0007FE000001FF800FFC000000FFE03FF8000001FFFFFFF0000001DFFFFFC0000003C7FFFF -00000003C07FF000000007C0000000000007C0000000000007C0000000000007C0000000000007 -E0000000000007F0000000000007F8000000000007FFFFFFF0000007FFFFFFFF000003FFFFFFFF -E00003FFFFFFFFF80001FFFFFFFFFE0001FFFFFFFFFF0000FFFFFFFFFF80007FFFFFFFFF8003FF -FFFFFFFFC00FFFFFFFFFFFC01FF800001FFFE03FE0000001FFE07FC00000007FF07FC00000003F -F0FF800000001FF0FF800000001FF0FF800000001FF0FF800000001FF0FF800000001FF07FC000 -00003FE07FC00000003FE03FE00000007FC03FF0000000FFC01FFC000003FF800FFF00000FFF00 -03FFF000FFFC0000FFFFFFFFF000003FFFFFFFC0000007FFFFFE000000003FFFC0000035447DAE -3B>I<007FC00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC000 -00000000FFFFC0000000000003FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0 -000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FF -C0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001 -FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC00000000000 -01FFC0000000000001FFC0000000000001FFC001FFC0000001FFC00FFFF8000001FFC03FFFFE00 -0001FFC0FFFFFF000001FFC1FC07FF800001FFC3E003FFC00001FFC7C001FFC00001FFCF0001FF -E00001FFDE0000FFE00001FFDC0000FFE00001FFFC0000FFF00001FFF80000FFF00001FFF00000 -FFF00001FFF00000FFF00001FFF00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE000 -00FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE0 -0000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FF -E00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001 -FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF000 -01FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF000FFFFFFC07FFFFF -E0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03B487CC742> -I<00FC0001FF0003FF8007FFC00FFFC01FFFE01FFFE01FFFE01FFFE01FFFE01FFFE00FFFC007FF -C003FF8001FF0000FC000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000 -00000000007FC0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC0FFFFC003FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FF -C001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FF -C001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FFC001FF -C001FFC001FFC001FFC0FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF18497CC820>I<007FC000FFFFC0 -00FFFFC000FFFFC000FFFFC000FFFFC00003FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FF -C00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001 -FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC000 -01FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC0 -0001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FF -C00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001 -FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC00001FFC000FFFFFF80FFFFFF80FFFFFF80 -FFFFFF80FFFFFF8019487CC720>108 D<007FC001FFC00000FFE00000FFFFC00FFFF80007FFFC -0000FFFFC03FFFFE001FFFFF0000FFFFC0FFFFFF007FFFFF8000FFFFC1FC07FF80FE03FFC000FF -FFC3E003FFC1F001FFE00003FFC7C001FFC3E000FFE00001FFCF0001FFE78000FFF00001FFDE00 -00FFEF00007FF00001FFDC0000FFEE00007FF00001FFFC0000FFFE00007FF80001FFF80000FFFC -00007FF80001FFF00000FFF800007FF80001FFF00000FFF800007FF80001FFF00000FFF800007F -F80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001 -FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE000 -00FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF0 -00007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007F -F80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001 -FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE000 -00FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF0 -00007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007FF80001FFE00000FFF000007F -F800FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03FFFFFF0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03FFFFFF0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03FFFFFF0FF -FFFFC07FFFFFE03FFFFFF0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03FFFFFF05C2E7CAD65>I<007FC001FFC00000FF -FFC00FFFF80000FFFFC03FFFFE0000FFFFC0FFFFFF0000FFFFC1FC07FF8000FFFFC3E003FFC000 -03FFC7C001FFC00001FFCF0001FFE00001FFDE0000FFE00001FFDC0000FFE00001FFFC0000FFF0 -0001FFF80000FFF00001FFF00000FFF00001FFF00000FFF00001FFF00000FFF00001FFE00000FF -F00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000 -FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE000 -00FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE0 -0000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FF -E00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001 -FFE00000FFF000FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0FFFFFFC07FFFFFE0 -FFFFFFC07FFFFFE03B2E7CAD42>I<00000FFF0000000000FFFFF000000007FFFFFE0000001FFF -FFFF8000003FFC03FFC00000FFE0007FF00001FF80001FF80003FF00000FFC0007FE000007FE00 -0FFE000007FF000FFC000003FF001FFC000003FF803FFC000003FFC03FF8000001FFC03FF80000 -01FFC07FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FFE0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FF -F8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001 -FFF0FFF8000001FFF0FFF8000001FFF07FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FFE07FF8000001FFE07FF8 -000001FFE03FFC000003FFC03FFC000003FFC01FFC000003FF801FFE000007FF800FFE000007FF -0007FF00000FFE0003FF80001FFC0001FFC0003FF80000FFE0007FF000007FFC03FFE000001FFF -FFFF80000007FFFFFE00000000FFFFF0000000000FFF000000342E7DAD3B>I<007FC00FFC0000 -00FFFFC07FFFC00000FFFFC3FFFFF00000FFFFCFFFFFFC0000FFFFDFF01FFF0000FFFFFF8007FF -800003FFFE0001FFC00001FFF80000FFE00001FFF00000FFF00001FFE000007FF80001FFE00000 -3FFC0001FFE000003FFC0001FFE000003FFE0001FFE000001FFE0001FFE000001FFF0001FFE000 -001FFF0001FFE000001FFF0001FFE000000FFF0001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE0 -00000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FF -E000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF8001FFE000000FFF0001FFE000001FFF0001 -FFE000001FFF0001FFE000001FFE0001FFE000001FFE0001FFE000003FFC0001FFE000003FFC00 -01FFE000007FF80001FFF000007FF80001FFF80000FFF00001FFFC0001FFE00001FFFE0003FFC0 -0001FFFF0007FF800001FFFFE03FFE000001FFEFFFFFFC000001FFE3FFFFF0000001FFE0FFFF80 -000001FFE01FF800000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE00000 -00000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE000 -0000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0 -000000000001FFE00000000000FFFFFFC000000000FFFFFFC000000000FFFFFFC000000000FFFF -FFC000000000FFFFFFC00000000039427CAD42>I<00FF803F8000FFFF80FFF000FFFF83FFFC00 -FFFF87FFFE00FFFF8FC3FF00FFFF8F07FF0003FF9E0FFF8001FFBC0FFF8001FFB80FFF8001FFF8 -0FFF8001FFF00FFF8001FFF007FF0001FFF007FF0001FFE003FE0001FFE000F80001FFE0000000 -01FFE000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC0 -00000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC0000000 -01FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC0 -00000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC000000001FFC0000000FFFFFFE00000 -FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE00000FFFFFFE00000292E7CAD31>114 -D<000FFF00E0007FFFF3E001FFFFFFE007FFFFFFE00FF800FFE01FC0001FE03F80000FE03F0000 -07E07F000003E07F000003E0FF000003E0FF000003E0FF800003E0FFC0000000FFF0000000FFFE -000000FFFFF800007FFFFFC0007FFFFFF0003FFFFFFC001FFFFFFF000FFFFFFF8007FFFFFFC003 -FFFFFFE000FFFFFFF0003FFFFFF00003FFFFF800001FFFF8000000FFFC0000001FFC7800000FFC -F8000007FCF8000003FCFC000003FCFC000003FCFE000003F8FE000003F8FF000003F8FF800007 -F0FFC0000FF0FFF0001FE0FFFC00FFC0FFFFFFFF80FC7FFFFE00F81FFFF800E003FF8000262E7C -AD2F>I<0001F000000001F000000001F000000001F000000001F000000001F000000003F00000 -0003F000000003F000000007F000000007F000000007F00000000FF00000000FF00000001FF000 -00003FF00000003FF00000007FF0000001FFF0000003FFF000000FFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC0FFFFFF -FFC0FFFFFFFFC0FFFFFFFFC000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FF -F0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000 -FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF00000 -00FFF0000000FFF0000000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001 -F000FFF001F000FFF001F000FFF001F0007FF001E0007FF803E0003FF803E0003FFC07C0001FFE -0F80000FFFFF800007FFFE000001FFFC0000001FF00024427EC12E>I<007FE000003FF000FFFF -E0007FFFF000FFFFE0007FFFF000FFFFE0007FFFF000FFFFE0007FFFF000FFFFE0007FFFF00003 -FFE00001FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF000 -01FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF0 -0001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FF -F00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000 -FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE000 -00FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00000FFF00001FFE00001FFF00001FFE00001FFF00001FFE0 -0001FFF00001FFE00003FFF00000FFE00007FFF00000FFE0000F7FF000007FE0001F7FF000007F -F0003E7FF800003FFC00FC7FFFE0001FFFFFF87FFFE00007FFFFE07FFFE00001FFFF807FFFE000 -003FFE007FFFE03B2E7CAD42>II<7FFFFF801FFFFF00 -7FFFFF801FFFFF007FFFFF801FFFFF007FFFFF801FFFFF007FFFFF801FFFFF00007FF80001FF00 -00007FFC0001FC0000003FFE0003F80000001FFF0007F00000000FFF0007E000000007FF800FC0 -00000003FFC01F8000000003FFE03F8000000001FFF07F0000000000FFF8FE00000000007FF9FC -00000000003FFFF800000000003FFFF000000000001FFFE000000000000FFFC0000000000007FF -C0000000000003FFC0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFF0000000000001FFF8000000000003 -FFFC000000000003FFFE000000000007FFFE00000000000FEFFF00000000001FCFFF8000000000 -3F87FFC0000000007F03FFE000000000FE01FFE000000001FC00FFF000000001F8007FF8000000 -03F0007FFC00000007F0003FFE0000000FE0001FFF0000001FC0000FFF0000003F800007FF8000 -00FF800007FFC000FFFFF8003FFFFFC0FFFFF8003FFFFFC0FFFFF8003FFFFFC0FFFFF8003FFFFF -C0FFFFF8003FFFFFC03A2E7EAD3F>120 D<7FFFFFC000FFFF807FFFFFC000FFFF807FFFFFC000 -FFFF807FFFFFC000FFFF807FFFFFC000FFFF8000FFF000000FE00000FFF800000FC00000FFF800 -000FC000007FFC00000F8000007FFC00001F8000003FFC00001F0000003FFE00003F0000001FFE -00003E0000001FFF00007E0000000FFF00007C0000000FFF8000FC00000007FF8000F800000007 -FFC001F800000003FFC001F000000003FFE003F000000003FFE003F000000001FFF003E0000000 -01FFF007E000000000FFF007C000000000FFF80FC0000000007FF80F80000000007FFC1F800000 -00003FFC1F00000000003FFE3F00000000001FFE3E00000000001FFF7E00000000000FFF7C0000 -0000000FFFFC00000000000FFFFC000000000007FFF8000000000007FFF8000000000003FFF000 -0000000003FFF0000000000001FFE0000000000001FFE0000000000000FFC0000000000000FFC0 -0000000000007F800000000000007F800000000000003F000000000000003F000000000000003F -000000000000003E000000000000007E000000000000007C00000000000000FC000000001F8000 -F8000000003FC001F8000000007FE001F000000000FFF003F000000000FFF003E000000000FFF0 -07E000000000FFF00FC000000000FFF01F8000000000FFF03F80000000007FE07F00000000007F -43FE00000000003FFFF800000000001FFFF0000000000007FFC0000000000001FE000000000000 -39427EAD3F>I123 D E end -%%EndProlog -%%BeginSetup -%%Feature: *Resolution 300dpi -TeXDict begin - -%%EndSetup -%%Page: 487 1 -487 0 bop 1888 50 a FE(487)150 542 y Fs(App)s(endix)34 b(A)150 -785 y FG(Instructions)41 b(and)e(Mnemonics)150 1062 y Fv(A.1)69 -b(F)-6 b(ormats)150 1189 y FE(The)20 b(diagrams)e(b)q(elo)o(w)i(sho)o(w)f -(the)i(formats)d(of)h(the)h(v)n(arious)f(t)o(yp)q(es)i(of)e(instructions,)j -(p)q(oin)o(ters,)f(arithmetic)150 1238 y(op)q(erands,)15 b(and)g(other)g(sp)q -(ecial)g(w)o(ords)g(emplo)o(y)o(ed)e(b)o(y)i(the)g(user)h(in)e(the)h(KL10)f -(pro)q(cessor.)23 b(All)14 b(of)g(these)i(apply)150 1288 y(to)g(the)h(XKL)368 -1284 y(-)381 1288 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor,)i(with)e(the)i(sole)e(exception)h(of)f -(the)h(In{Out)g(instruction)g(format.)24 b(Most)17 b(of)f(these)150 -1338 y(formats)d(apply)h(to)h(the)g(KS10)g(pro)q(cessor,)h(except)h(extended) -f(addressing,)f(In{Out)g(instructions,)h(and)e(gian)o(t{)150 -1388 y(range)g(\015oating{p)q(oin)o(t)e(op)q(erands.)150 1540 -y FA(A.1.1)56 b(Instruction)18 b(W)-5 b(ords)p 150 1807 1495 -4 v 150 1733 V 148 1806 4 75 v 1643 1806 V 688 1806 V 729 1806 -V 896 1806 V 162 1837 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 b(17)5 -b(18)670 b(35)698 1783 y Fz(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 1837 y Fn(8)p -522 1806 V 24 w(9)564 1779 y Fz(A,)14 b(F)482 1699 y Fk(Basic)19 -b(Instructions)183 1783 y FE(Instruction)c(Co)q(de)p 150 2088 -1495 4 v 150 2013 V 148 2086 4 75 v 1643 2086 V 688 2086 V -729 2086 V 896 2086 V 162 2118 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2063 y Fz(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)482 1980 -y Fk(In{Out)19 b(Instructions)251 2118 y Fn(2)p 273 2086 V -12 w(3)202 2062 y FE(7)541 2118 y Fn(9)p 563 2086 V 12 w(10)306 -2064 y FE(Device)14 b(Co)q(de)575 2063 y(F)m(unct)p 150 2369 -1495 4 v 150 2294 V 148 2367 4 75 v 1643 2367 V 688 2367 V -729 2367 V 896 2367 V 162 2399 a Fn(0)471 b(12)6 b(13)f(14)89 -b(17)5 b(18)670 b(35)698 2344 y Fz(I)76 b(X)434 b(Y)494 2399 -y Fn(8)p 522 2367 V 24 w(9)596 2343 y FE(0)482 2261 y Fk(Instructions)20 -b(Executed)f(Under)g(EXTEND)183 2344 y FE(Instruction)c(Co)q(de)p -eop -%%Page: 488 2 -488 1 bop 0 50 a FE(488)718 b Ft(APPENDIX)15 b(A.)27 b(INSTR)o(UCTIONS)14 -b(AND)g(MNEMONICS)0 195 y FA(A.1.2)56 b(Address)18 b(and)i(Program)d(Con)n -(trol)i(W)-5 b(ords)332 341 y Fk(Lo)r(cal)19 b(Indirect)h(W)n(o)n(rd)p -0 445 1495 2 v -1 444 2 75 v 0 371 1495 2 v 1494 444 2 75 v -124 457 2 13 v 248 457 V 373 457 V 497 457 V 622 457 V 746 -465 2 21 v 871 457 2 13 v 995 457 V 1120 457 V 1244 457 V 1369 -457 V 12 475 a Fp(0)p 41 444 2 75 v -17 w(0)p -1 444 V 10 420 -a FE(1)54 475 y Fp(1)p 82 444 V -17 w(1)p 41 444 V 52 420 a -FE(0)502 475 y Fp(12)p 539 444 V -440 w(2)p 82 444 V 230 422 -a FE(Reserv)o(ed)544 475 y Fp(13)p 580 444 V -34 w(13)p 539 -444 V 548 421 a Fz(I)710 475 y Fp(17)p 746 444 V -159 w(14)p -580 444 V 649 421 a Fz(X)1457 475 y Fp(35)p 1494 444 V -740 -w(18)p 746 444 V 1105 421 a Fz(Y)332 630 y Fk(Global)g(Indirect)g(W)n(o)n(rd) -p 0 734 1495 2 v -1 733 2 75 v 0 660 1495 2 v 1494 733 2 75 -v 124 746 2 13 v 248 746 V 373 746 V 497 746 V 622 746 V 746 -754 2 21 v 871 746 2 13 v 995 746 V 1120 746 V 1244 746 V 1369 -746 V 12 764 a Fp(0)p 41 733 2 75 v -17 w(0)p -1 733 V 10 709 -a FE(0)54 764 y Fp(1)p 82 733 V -17 w(1)p 41 733 V 50 710 a -Fz(I)220 764 y Fp(5)p 248 733 V -141 w(2)p 82 733 V 151 710 -a Fz(X)1457 764 y Fp(35)p 1494 733 V -1229 w(6)p 248 733 V -856 710 a Fz(Y)332 919 y Fk(Lo)r(cal)f(Index)g(Register)p 0 -1041 1495 2 v -1 1040 2 100 v 0 942 1495 2 v 1494 1040 2 100 -v 124 1053 2 13 v 248 1053 V 373 1053 V 497 1053 V 622 1053 -V 746 1061 2 21 v 871 1053 2 13 v 995 1053 V 1120 1053 V 1244 -1053 V 1369 1053 V 710 1070 a Fp(17)p 746 1040 2 100 v -732 -w(0)p -1 1040 V 111 982 a FE(In)13 b(Non{zero)i(Section)f(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)183 -1023 y FC(\024)f FE(0)i(or)g(Bits)g(6{17)f(=)h(0)1457 1070 -y Fp(35)p 1494 1040 V -740 w(18)p 746 1040 V 1014 1005 a FE(Lo)q(cal)f(Index) -332 1226 y Fk(Global)20 b(Index)f(Register)p 0 1348 1495 2 -v -1 1347 2 100 v 0 1249 1495 2 v 1494 1347 2 100 v 124 1360 -2 13 v 248 1360 V 373 1360 V 497 1360 V 622 1360 V 746 1368 -2 21 v 871 1360 2 13 v 995 1360 V 1120 1360 V 1244 1360 V 1369 -1360 V 12 1377 a Fp(0)p 41 1347 2 100 v -17 w(0)p -1 1347 V -10 1311 a FE(0)220 1377 y Fp(5)p 248 1347 V -183 w(1)p 41 1347 -V 74 1291 a Fn(Av)n(ailable)58 1327 y(to)11 b(Soft)o(w)o(are)10 -1311 y FE(0)p 41 1347 2 9 v 82 1347 V 124 1347 V 165 1347 V -207 1347 V 1457 1377 a Fp(35)p 1494 1298 2 50 v -1229 w(6)p -248 1298 V 754 1287 a FE(Global)h(Index)710 1377 y Fp(17)p -746 1347 V -482 w(6)p 248 1347 V 293 1334 a Fn(Non{Zero)e(Section)g(Num)o(b)q -(er)107 1441 y FE(An)k(index)g(register)h(used)g(in)f(a)f(global)f(indirect)j -(w)o(ord)e(alw)o(a)o(ys)g(uses)i(bits)f(6{35.)332 1595 y Fk(Saved)19 -b(Flags)p 0 1620 1790 2 v -1 1664 2 44 v 7 1651 a Fn(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)p -149 1664 V 277 1664 V 406 1664 V 555 1664 V 684 1664 V 813 -1664 V 709 w(User)p 962 1664 V 1103 1664 V 1253 1664 V 1381 -1664 V 1510 1664 V 1660 1664 V 1788 1664 V -1 1707 V 149 1707 -V 277 1707 V 406 1707 V 555 1707 V 583 1694 a(First)p 684 1707 -V 813 1707 V 175 w(In{Out)p 962 1707 V 1103 1707 V 172 w(Address)p -1253 1707 V 1381 1707 V 1510 1707 V 280 w(Floating)p 1660 1707 -V 1788 1707 V 0 1709 150 2 v 814 1709 V -1 1751 2 44 v 8 1738 -a(Previous)p 149 1751 V 26 w(Carry)p 277 1751 V 39 w(Carry)p -406 1751 V 29 w(Floating)p 555 1751 V 39 w(P)o(art)p 684 1751 -V 58 w(User)p 813 1751 V 38 w(Previous)p 962 1751 V 27 w(Public)p -1103 1751 V 42 w(F)m(ailure)p 1253 1751 V 47 w(T)m(rap)p 1381 -1751 V 55 w(T)m(rap)p 1510 1751 V 45 w(Under{)p 1660 1751 V -60 w(No)p 1788 1751 V -1 1794 V 13 1781 a(Con)o(text)p 149 -1794 V 67 w(0)p 277 1794 V 111 w(1)p 406 1794 V 61 w(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)p -555 1794 V 31 w(Done)p 684 1794 V 813 1794 V 165 w(Con)o(text)p -962 1794 V 1103 1794 V 174 w(Inhibit)p 1253 1794 V 76 w(2)p -1381 1794 V 111 w(1)p 1510 1794 V 99 w(\015o)o(w)p 1660 1794 -V 58 w(Divide)p 1788 1794 V -1 1837 V 25 1824 a(Public)p 149 -1837 V 277 1837 V 406 1837 V 555 1837 V 684 1837 V 813 1837 -V 728 w(User)p 962 1837 V 1103 1837 V 1253 1837 V 1381 1837 -V 1510 1837 V 1660 1837 V 1788 1837 V 0 1839 1790 2 v 66 1869 -a(0)121 b(1)111 b(2)121 b(3)g(4)110 b(5)122 b(6)127 b(7)g(8)121 -b(9)102 b(10)h(11)g(12)332 2002 y Fk(PC)18 b(W)n(o)n(rd)p 0 -2107 1495 2 v -1 2106 2 75 v 0 2032 1495 2 v 1494 2106 2 75 -v 124 2118 2 13 v 248 2118 V 373 2118 V 497 2118 V 622 2118 -V 746 2127 2 21 v 871 2118 2 13 v 995 2118 V 1120 2118 V 1244 -2118 V 1369 2118 V 502 2136 a Fp(12)p 539 2106 2 75 v -524 -w(0)p -1 2106 V 222 2079 a FE(Flags)710 2136 y Fp(17)p 746 -2106 V -200 w(13)p 539 2106 V 623 2082 a FE(00)1457 2136 y -Fp(35)p 1494 2106 V -740 w(18)p 746 2106 V 990 2083 a FE(In{Section)c(PC)332 -2291 y Fk(Flag{PC)20 b(Double)g(W)n(o)n(rd)p 0 2480 1495 2 -v -1 2479 2 150 v 0 2331 1495 2 v 1494 2479 2 150 v 124 2492 -2 13 v 248 2492 V 373 2492 V 497 2492 V 622 2492 V 746 2500 -2 21 v 871 2492 2 13 v 995 2492 V 1120 2492 V 1244 2492 V 1369 -2492 V 0 2405 1495 2 v 502 2509 a Fp(12)p 539 2404 2 75 v -524 -w(0)p -1 2404 V 222 2378 a FE(Flags)710 2509 y Fp(17)p 746 -2404 V -200 w(13)p 539 2404 V 633 2381 a FE(0)1457 2509 y Fp(35)p -1494 2404 V -740 w(18)p 746 2404 V 812 2378 a FE(Pro)q(cessor{Dep)q(enden)o -(t)d(Information)220 2509 y Fp(5)p 248 2479 V -225 w(0)p -1 -2479 V 104 2455 a FE(00)1457 2509 y Fp(35)p 1494 2479 V -1229 -w(6)p 248 2479 V 843 2456 a FE(PC)p eop -%%Page: 489 3 -489 2 bop 150 50 a Ft(A.1.)31 b(F)o(ORMA)m(TS)1423 b FE(489)150 -195 y FA(A.1.3)56 b(Stac)n(k,)18 b(Byte)f(P)n(oin)n(ters)482 -301 y Fk(Lo)r(cal)i(Stack)h(P)n(ointer)p 150 426 1495 2 v 149 -425 2 100 v 150 326 1495 2 v 1644 425 2 100 v 274 438 2 13 -v 398 438 V 523 438 V 647 438 V 772 438 V 896 446 2 21 v 1021 -438 2 13 v 1145 438 V 1270 438 V 1394 438 V 1519 438 V 860 -455 a Fp(17)p 896 425 2 100 v -732 w(0)p 149 425 V 392 365 -a FE(Con)o(trol)13 b(Coun)o(t)157 405 y FD(\(In)g(Non{zero)g(Section)i -Fe(\024)10 b FD(0)j(or)g(Bits)h(6{17)g(=)e(0\))1607 455 y Fp(35)p -1644 425 V -740 w(18)p 896 425 V 1006 390 a FE(Lo)q(cal)h(Address)j(of)d -(Latest)i(Item)482 553 y Fk(Global)20 b(Stack)g(P)n(ointer)p -150 678 1495 2 v 149 677 2 100 v 150 578 1495 2 v 1644 677 -2 100 v 274 689 2 13 v 398 689 V 523 689 V 647 689 V 772 689 -V 896 697 2 21 v 1021 689 2 13 v 1145 689 V 1270 689 V 1394 -689 V 1519 689 V 162 707 a Fp(0)p 191 677 2 100 v -17 w(0)p -149 677 V 160 640 a FE(0)1607 707 y Fp(35)p 1644 627 2 50 v --1229 w(6)p 398 627 V 746 616 a FE(Global)12 b(Address)j(of)f(Latest)g(Item) -860 707 y Fp(17)p 896 677 V -482 w(6)p 398 677 V 491 666 a -FE(Non{zero)g(Section)p 191 677 2 21 v 232 677 V 274 677 V -315 677 V 357 677 V 482 800 a Fk(Byte)k(Sto)n(rage)p 150 913 -1495 2 v 149 912 2 84 v 150 829 1495 2 v 1644 912 2 84 v 274 -924 2 13 v 398 924 V 523 924 V 647 924 V 772 924 V 896 932 -2 21 v 1021 924 2 13 v 1145 924 V 1270 924 V 1394 924 V 1519 -924 V 1607 942 a Fp(35)p 1644 912 2 84 v -1479 w(0)p 149 912 -V 979 912 V 1083 880 a FE(Byte)p 1270 912 V 154 w(Next)d(Byte)p -1561 912 2 7 v 1561 893 2 17 v 1561 864 V 1561 835 2 7 v 979 -820 2 42 v 1270 820 V 1644 820 V 1541 800 104 2 v 1603 799 -a Fl(-)p 1271 800 V -374 w(\033)1398 814 y Fz(P)j FE(Bits)-449 -b Fz(S)19 b FE(Bits)p 980 800 63 2 v 980 799 a Fl(\033)p 1209 -800 V 207 w(-)980 944 y Fn(36{)p Fi(P)p Fn({)p Fi(S)86 b Fn(35{)p -Fi(P)23 b Fn(36{)p Fi(P)482 1035 y Fk(Lo)r(cal)c(Byte)g(P)n(ointer)p -150 1164 1495 2 v 149 1163 2 100 v 150 1064 1495 2 v 1644 1163 -2 100 v 274 1176 2 13 v 398 1176 V 523 1176 V 647 1176 V 772 -1176 V 896 1184 2 21 v 1021 1176 2 13 v 1145 1176 V 1270 1176 -V 1394 1176 V 1519 1176 V 370 1193 a Fp(5)p 398 1163 2 100 -v -225 w(0)p 149 1163 V 180 1106 a FE(P)o(osition)13 b Fz(P)215 -1144 y Fd(P)i Fe(\024)c FD(36)611 1193 y Fp(11)p 647 1163 V --233 w(6)p 398 1163 V 469 1128 a FE(Size)k Fz(S)652 1193 y -Fp(12)p 689 1163 V -34 w(12)p 647 1163 V 659 1127 a FE(0)694 -1193 y Fp(13)p 730 1163 V -34 w(13)p 689 1163 V 698 1128 a -Fz(I)860 1193 y Fp(17)p 896 1163 V -159 w(14)p 730 1163 V 799 -1128 a Fz(X)1607 1193 y Fp(35)p 1644 1163 V -740 w(18)p 896 -1163 V 1255 1128 a Fz(Y)482 1286 y Fk(Tw)n(o{W)n(o)n(rd)20 -b(Global)g(o)n(r)e(Lo)r(cal)i(Byte)e(P)n(ointer)p 150 1482 -1495 2 v 149 1481 2 167 v 150 1316 1495 2 v 1644 1481 2 167 -v 274 1494 2 13 v 398 1494 V 523 1494 V 647 1494 V 772 1494 -V 896 1502 2 21 v 1021 1494 2 13 v 1145 1494 V 1270 1494 V -1394 1494 V 1519 1494 V 150 1399 1495 2 v 370 1511 a Fp(5)p -398 1398 2 84 v -225 w(0)p 149 1398 V 180 1349 a FE(P)o(osition)13 -b Fz(P)215 1387 y Fd(P)i Fe(\024)c FD(36)611 1511 y Fp(11)p -647 1398 V -233 w(6)p 398 1398 V 469 1371 a FE(Size)k Fz(S)652 -1511 y Fp(12)p 689 1398 V -34 w(12)p 647 1398 V 659 1370 a -FE(1)860 1511 y Fp(17)p 896 1398 V -200 w(13)p 689 1398 V 712 -1371 a FE(Reserv)o(ed)1607 1511 y Fp(35)p 1644 1398 V -740 -w(18)p 896 1398 V 1113 1371 a FE(Av)n(ailable)d(to)i(User)1607 -1511 y Fp(35)p 1644 1481 V -1479 w(0)p 149 1481 V 621 1454 -a FE(Global)e(or)i(Lo)q(cal)f(Indirect)i(W)m(ord)482 1604 y -Fk(One{W)n(o)n(rd)k(Global)h(Byte)e(P)n(ointer)p 150 1734 1495 -2 v 149 1733 2 100 v 150 1634 1495 2 v 1644 1733 2 100 v 274 -1745 2 13 v 398 1745 V 523 1745 V 647 1745 V 772 1745 V 896 -1754 2 21 v 1021 1745 2 13 v 1145 1745 V 1270 1745 V 1394 1745 -V 1519 1745 V 370 1763 a Fp(5)p 398 1733 2 100 v -225 w(0)p -149 1733 V 237 1674 a Fz(PS)5 b FC(y)202 1720 y Fd(P)g(S)13 -b(>)e FD(36)1607 1763 y Fp(35)p 1644 1733 V -1229 w(6)p 398 -1733 V 1006 1697 a Fz(Y)150 1901 y FC(y)k FE(T)m(o)e(deco)q(de)j -Fz(PS)k FE(in)o(to)13 b Fz(P)19 b FE(and)14 b Fz(S)5 b FE(,)14 -b(use)h(the)g(follo)o(wing)d(table,)i(in)g(whic)o(h)g(the)h(v)n(alues)f(of)f -Fz(P)19 b FE(and)14 b Fz(S)20 b FE(are)15 b(giv)o(en)e(in)150 -1951 y(decimal)f(and)i Fz(PS)19 b FE(is)14 b(giv)o(en)f(in)h(o)q(ctal.)p -634 2001 833 2 v 633 2061 2 60 v 659 2046 a Fz(PS)64 b(P)49 -b(S)p 899 2061 V 908 2061 V 59 w(PS)64 b(P)50 b(S)p 1173 2061 -V 1182 2061 V 58 w(PS)64 b(P)k(S)p 1465 2061 V 634 2062 833 -2 v 633 2122 2 60 v 664 2107 a FE(45)54 b(36)e(6)p 899 2122 -V 908 2122 V 63 w(56)i(20)e(8)p 1173 2122 V 1182 2122 V 63 -w(67)i(36)70 b(9)p 1465 2122 V 633 2172 2 50 v 664 2157 a(46)54 -b(30)e(6)p 899 2172 V 908 2172 V 63 w(57)i(12)e(8)p 1173 2172 -V 1182 2172 V 63 w(70)i(27)70 b(9)p 1465 2172 V 633 2221 V -664 2207 a(47)54 b(24)e(6)p 899 2221 V 908 2221 V 63 w(60)75 -b(4)52 b(8)p 1173 2221 V 1182 2221 V 63 w(71)i(18)70 b(9)p -1465 2221 V 633 2271 V 664 2256 a(50)54 b(18)e(6)p 899 2271 -V 908 2271 V 63 w(61)i(36)e(7)p 1173 2271 V 1182 2271 V 63 -w(72)75 b(9)70 b(9)p 1465 2271 V 633 2321 V 664 2306 a(51)54 -b(12)e(6)p 899 2321 V 908 2321 V 63 w(62)i(29)e(7)p 1173 2321 -V 1182 2321 V 63 w(73)75 b(0)70 b(9)p 1465 2321 V 633 2371 -V 664 2356 a(52)75 b(6)52 b(6)p 899 2371 V 908 2371 V 63 w(63)i(22)e(7)p -1173 2371 V 1182 2371 V 63 w(74)i(36)c(18)p 1465 2371 V 633 -2421 V 664 2406 a(53)75 b(0)52 b(6)p 899 2421 V 908 2421 V -63 w(64)i(15)e(7)p 1173 2421 V 1182 2421 V 63 w(75)i(18)c(18)p -1465 2421 V 633 2471 V 664 2456 a(54)k(36)e(8)p 899 2471 V -908 2471 V 63 w(65)75 b(8)52 b(7)p 1173 2471 V 1182 2471 V -63 w(76)75 b(0)50 b(18)p 1465 2471 V 633 2520 V 664 2505 a(55)k(28)e(8)p -899 2520 V 908 2520 V 63 w(66)75 b(1)52 b(7)p 1173 2520 V 1182 -2520 V 63 w(77)66 b(Illegal)p 1465 2520 V 634 2522 833 2 v -eop -%%Page: 490 4 -490 3 bop 0 50 a FE(490)718 b Ft(APPENDIX)15 b(A.)27 b(INSTR)o(UCTIONS)14 -b(AND)g(MNEMONICS)0 195 y FA(A.1.4)56 b(Arithmetic)15 b(Op)r(erands)p -151 337 1498 2 v 151 420 2 84 v 1647 420 V 151 422 1498 2 v -442 313 a Fk(Fixed)k(P)n(oint)h(Op)r(erands)e(\(Single)j(Precision\))161 -361 y Fc(Sign)170 391 y(0+)174 412 y(1{)607 390 y FE(Binary)14 -b(Num)o(b)q(er)f(\(Tw)o(os)h(Complemen)o(t\))p 223 421 2 84 -v 179 452 a Fn(0)38 b(1)1356 b(35)p 151 651 1498 2 v 151 817 -2 167 v 1647 817 V 151 819 1498 2 v 153 736 1495 2 v 429 627 -a Fk(Fixed)20 b(P)n(oint)g(Op)r(erands)d(\(Double)j(Precision\))161 -675 y Fc(Sign)170 705 y(0+)174 726 y(1{)426 704 y FE(High)14 -b(Order)h(P)o(art)f(of)f(Binary)h(Num)o(b)q(er)f(\(Tw)o(os)h(Complemen)o(t\)) -p 223 818 2 167 v 179 849 a Fn(0)38 b(1)1356 b(35)161 766 y -Fc(Sign)156 797 y(Cop)o(y)432 787 y FE(Lo)o(w)13 b(Order)i(P)o(art)f(of)g -(Binary)f(Num)o(b)q(er)h(\(Tw)o(os)g(Complemen)o(t\))p 151 -1048 1498 2 v 151 1139 2 92 v 1647 1139 V 151 1141 1498 2 v -223 1140 2 92 v 431 1024 a Fk(Single)21 b(Precision)g(Floating)g(P)n(oint)f -(Op)r(erands)161 1076 y Fc(Sign)170 1106 y(0+)174 1127 y(1{)236 -1081 y Fp(Excess)12 b(128)e(Exp)q(onen)o(t)244 1121 y(\(Ones)i(Complemen)o -(t\))p 555 1140 V 833 1105 a FE(F)m(raction)i(\(Tw)o(os)g(Complemen)o(t\))179 -1171 y Fn(0)38 b(1)273 b(8)23 b(9)1024 b(35)p 151 1370 1498 -2 v 151 1536 2 167 v 1647 1536 V 151 1538 1498 2 v 153 1463 -1495 2 v 223 1537 2 167 v 419 1346 a Fk(Double)19 b(Precision)i(Floating)g(P) -n(oint)f(Op)r(erands)161 1398 y Fc(Sign)170 1428 y(0+)174 1449 -y(1{)236 1403 y Fp(Excess)12 b(128)e(Exp)q(onen)o(t)244 1443 -y(\(Ones)i(Complemen)o(t\))p 555 1462 2 92 v 723 1427 a FE(High)h(Order)j(F)m -(raction)d(\(Tw)o(os)h(Complemen)o(t\))178 1513 y(0)442 1510 -y(Lo)o(w)g(Order)h(Extension)f(of)f(F)m(raction)h(\(Tw)o(os)g(Complemen)o -(t\))179 1568 y Fn(0)38 b(1)273 b(8)23 b(9)1024 b(35)p 151 -1767 1498 2 v 151 1933 2 167 v 1647 1933 V 151 1935 1498 2 -v 153 1860 1495 2 v 223 1934 2 167 v 465 1743 a Fk(Giant{Range)20 -b(Floating)h(P)n(oint)f(Op)r(erands)161 1795 y Fc(Sign)170 -1825 y(0+)174 1846 y(1{)258 1800 y FD(Excess)14 b(1024)f(Exp)q(onen)o(t)263 -1842 y FE(\(Ones)i(Complemen)o(t\))p 650 1859 2 92 v 771 1824 -a(High)e(Order)i(F)m(raction)f(\(Tw)o(os)g(Complemen)o(t\))178 -1910 y(0)442 1907 y(Lo)o(w)g(Order)h(Extension)f(of)f(F)m(raction)h(\(Tw)o -(os)g(Complemen)o(t\))179 1965 y Fn(0)38 b(1)360 b(11)5 b(12)919 -b(35)p eop -%%Page: 491 5 -491 4 bop 150 50 a Ft(A.2.)31 b(INSTR)o(UCTION)14 b(MNEMONICS)h({)f(NUMERIC)f -(LISTING)613 b FE(491)150 195 y Fv(A.2)69 b(Instruction)23 -b(Mnemonic)o(s)d({)j(Numeric)c(Listing)798 317 y FB(PDP{10)14 -b(Instruction)f(Set)p 290 351 1629 2 v 289 403 2 55 v 383 391 -a FD(0)p 495 403 V 187 w(1)p 700 403 V 187 w(2)p 906 403 V -187 w(3)p 1112 403 V 177 w(4)p 1299 403 V 178 w(5)p 1505 403 -V 186 w(6)p 1711 403 V 187 w(7)p 1917 403 V 182 405 1736 2 -v 181 484 2 80 v 207 455 a(000)p 289 484 V 89 w Fg(MUUO)p 495 -484 V 561 439 a(LUUO)551 478 y(CMPSL)650 471 y Fe(y)p 700 484 -V 767 439 a Fg(LUUO)757 478 y(CMPSE)855 471 y Fe(y)p 906 484 -V 973 439 a Fg(LUUO)953 478 y(CMPSLE)1071 471 y Fe(y)p 1112 -484 V 1170 439 a Fg(LUUO)1170 478 y(EDIT)1248 471 y Fe(y)p -1299 484 V 1366 439 a Fg(LUUO)1346 478 y(CMPSGE)1464 471 y -Fe(y)p 1505 484 V 1572 439 a Fg(LUUO)1562 478 y(CMPSN)1660 -471 y Fe(y)p 1711 484 V 1778 439 a Fg(LUUO)1768 478 y(CMPSG)1866 -471 y Fe(y)p 1917 484 V 182 486 1736 2 v 181 565 2 80 v 207 -536 a FD(010)p 289 565 V 355 520 a Fg(LUUO)336 559 y(CVTDBO)453 -552 y Fe(y)p 495 565 V 561 520 a Fg(LUUO)542 559 y(CVTDBT)659 -552 y Fe(y)p 700 565 V 767 520 a Fg(LUUO)748 559 y(CVTBDO)865 -552 y Fe(y)p 906 565 V 973 520 a Fg(LUUO)953 559 y(CVTBDT)1071 -552 y Fe(y)p 1112 565 V 1170 520 a Fg(LUUO)1160 559 y(MOVSO)1258 -552 y Fe(y)p 1299 565 V 1366 520 a Fg(LUUO)1356 559 y(MOVST)1454 -552 y Fe(y)p 1505 565 V 1572 520 a Fg(LUUO)1552 559 y(MOVSLJ)1670 -552 y Fe(y)p 1711 565 V 1778 520 a Fg(LUUO)1758 559 y(MOVSRJ)1876 -552 y Fe(y)p 1917 565 V 182 567 1736 2 v 181 646 2 80 v 207 -617 a FD(020)p 289 646 V 355 601 a Fg(LUUO)355 639 y(XBLT)434 -633 y Fe(y)p 495 646 V 561 601 a Fg(LUUO)551 639 y(GSNGL)650 -633 y Fe(y)p 700 646 V 767 601 a Fg(LUUO)757 639 y(GDBLE)855 -633 y Fe(y)p 906 646 V 973 601 a Fg(LUUO)963 639 y(GDFIX)1061 -633 y Fe(y)p 1112 646 V 1170 601 a Fg(LUUO)1170 639 y(GFIX)1248 -633 y Fe(y)p 1299 646 V 1366 601 a Fg(LUUO)1346 639 y(GDFIXR)1464 -633 y Fe(y)p 1505 646 V 1572 601 a Fg(LUUO)1562 639 y(GFIXR)1660 -633 y Fe(y)p 1711 646 V 1778 601 a Fg(LUUO)1758 639 y(DGFLTR)1876 -633 y Fe(y)p 1917 646 V 182 647 1736 2 v 181 727 2 80 v 207 -697 a FD(030)p 289 727 V 355 682 a Fg(LUUO)346 720 y(GFLTR)444 -713 y Fe(y)p 495 727 V 561 682 a Fg(LUUO)561 720 y(GFSC)640 -713 y Fe(y)p 700 727 V 765 697 a Fg(LUUO)p 906 727 V 126 w(LUUO)p -1112 727 V 116 w(LUUO)p 1299 727 V 117 w(LUUO)p 1505 727 V -126 w(LUUO)p 1711 727 V 126 w(LUUO)p 1917 727 V 182 728 1736 -2 v 181 805 2 78 v 207 778 a FD(040)p 289 805 V 89 w Fg(MUUO)p -495 805 V 126 w(MUUO)p 700 805 V 126 w(MUUO)p 906 805 V 126 -w(MUUO)p 1112 805 V 116 w(MUUO)p 1299 805 V 117 w(MUUO)p 1505 -805 V 126 w(MUUO)p 1711 805 V 126 w(MUUO)p 1917 805 V 182 807 -1736 2 v 181 884 2 78 v 207 857 a FD(050)p 289 884 V 89 w Fg(MUUO)p -495 884 V 126 w(MUUO)p 700 884 V 126 w(MUUO)p 906 884 V 126 -w(MUUO)p 1112 884 V 116 w(MUUO)p 1299 884 V 117 w(MUUO)p 1505 -884 V 126 w(MUUO)p 1711 884 V 126 w(MUUO)p 1917 884 V 182 886 -1736 2 v 181 963 2 78 v 207 936 a FD(060)p 289 963 V 89 w Fg(MUUO)p -495 963 V 126 w(MUUO)p 700 963 V 126 w(MUUO)p 906 963 V 126 -w(MUUO)p 1112 963 V 116 w(MUUO)p 1299 963 V 117 w(MUUO)p 1505 -963 V 126 w(MUUO)p 1711 963 V 126 w(MUUO)p 1917 963 V 182 965 -1736 2 v 181 1042 2 78 v 207 1015 a FD(070)p 289 1042 V 89 -w Fg(MUUO)p 495 1042 V 126 w(MUUO)p 700 1042 V 126 w(MUUO)p -906 1042 V 126 w(MUUO)p 1112 1042 V 116 w(MUUO)p 1299 1042 -V 117 w(MUUO)p 1505 1042 V 126 w(MUUO)p 1711 1042 V 126 w(MUUO)p -1917 1042 V 182 1044 1736 2 v 181 1121 2 78 v 207 1094 a FD(100)p -289 1121 V 89 w Fg(MUUO)p 495 1121 V 126 w(MUUO)p 700 1121 -V 126 w(GFAD)p 906 1121 V 126 w(GFSB)p 1112 1121 V 116 w(JSYS)p -1299 1121 V 107 w(ADJSP)p 1505 1121 V 116 w(GFMP)p 1711 1121 -V 126 w(GFDV)p 1917 1121 V 182 1123 1736 2 v 181 1200 2 78 -v 207 1172 a FD(110)p 289 1200 V 89 w Fg(DFAD)p 495 1200 V -126 w(DFSB)p 700 1200 V 126 w(DFMP)p 906 1200 V 126 w(DFDV)p -1112 1200 V 116 w(DADD)p 1299 1200 V 117 w(DSUB)p 1505 1200 -V 126 w(DMUL)p 1711 1200 V 126 w(DDIV)p 1917 1200 V 182 1201 -1736 2 v 181 1279 2 78 v 207 1251 a FD(120)p 289 1279 V 79 -w Fg(DMOVE)p 495 1279 V 106 w(DMOVN)p 700 1279 V 126 w(FIX)p -906 1279 V 116 w(EXTEND)p 1112 1279 V 77 w(DMOVEM)p 1299 1279 -V 76 w(DMOVNM)p 1505 1279 V 106 w(FIXR)p 1711 1279 V 126 w(FLTR)p -1917 1279 V 182 1280 1736 2 v 181 1358 2 78 v 207 1330 a FD(130)p -289 1358 V 100 w Fg(UFA)p Fe(x)p 495 1358 V 129 w Fg(DFN)p -Fe(x)p 700 1358 V 128 w Fg(FSC)p 906 1358 V 146 w(IBP)p 1112 -1358 V 126 w(ILDB)p 1299 1358 V 127 w(LDB)p 1505 1358 V 136 -w(IDPB)p 1711 1358 V 136 w(DPB)p 1917 1358 V 182 1359 1736 -2 v 181 1436 2 78 v 207 1409 a FD(140)p 289 1436 V 99 w Fg(FAD)p -495 1436 V 137 w(FADL)p Fe(x)p 700 1436 V 108 w Fg(FADM)p 906 -1436 V 126 w(FADB)p 1112 1436 V 116 w(FADR)p 1299 1436 V 107 -w(FADRI)p 1505 1436 V 106 w(FADRM)p 1711 1436 V 106 w(FADRB)p -1917 1436 V 182 1438 1736 2 v 181 1515 2 78 v 207 1488 a FD(150)p -289 1515 V 99 w Fg(FSB)p 495 1515 V 137 w(FSBL)p Fe(x)p 700 -1515 V 108 w Fg(FSBM)p 906 1515 V 126 w(FSBB)p 1112 1515 V -116 w(FSBR)p 1299 1515 V 107 w(FSBRI)p 1505 1515 V 106 w(FSBRM)p -1711 1515 V 106 w(FSBRB)p 1917 1515 V 182 1517 1736 2 v 181 -1594 2 78 v 207 1567 a FD(160)p 289 1594 V 99 w Fg(FMP)p 495 -1594 V 137 w(FMPL)p Fe(x)p 700 1594 V 108 w Fg(FMPM)p 906 1594 -V 126 w(FMPB)p 1112 1594 V 116 w(FMPR)p 1299 1594 V 107 w(FMPRI)p -1505 1594 V 106 w(FMPRM)p 1711 1594 V 106 w(FMPRB)p 1917 1594 -V 182 1596 1736 2 v 181 1673 2 78 v 207 1646 a FD(170)p 289 -1673 V 99 w Fg(FDV)p 495 1673 V 137 w(FDVL)p Fe(x)p 700 1673 -V 108 w Fg(FDVM)p 906 1673 V 126 w(FDVB)p 1112 1673 V 116 w(FDVR)p -1299 1673 V 107 w(FDVRI)p 1505 1673 V 106 w(FDVRM)p 1711 1673 -V 106 w(FDVRB)p 1917 1673 V 182 1675 1736 2 v 181 1752 2 78 -v 207 1725 a FD(200)p 289 1752 V 89 w Fg(MOVE)p 495 1752 V -116 w(MOVEI)p 700 1752 V 106 w(MOVEM)p 906 1752 V 106 w(MOVES)p -1112 1752 V 106 w(MOVS)p 1299 1752 V 107 w(MOVSI)p 1505 1752 -V 106 w(MOVSM)p 1711 1752 V 106 w(MOVSS)p 1917 1752 V 182 1754 -1736 2 v 181 1831 2 78 v 207 1803 a FD(210)p 289 1831 V 89 -w Fg(MOVN)p 495 1831 V 116 w(MOVNI)p 700 1831 V 106 w(MOVNM)p -906 1831 V 106 w(MOVNS)p 1112 1831 V 106 w(MOVM)p 1299 1831 -V 107 w(MOVMI)p 1505 1831 V 106 w(MOVMM)p 1711 1831 V 106 w(MOVMS)p -1917 1831 V 182 1832 1736 2 v 181 1910 2 78 v 207 1882 a FD(220)p -289 1910 V 89 w Fg(IMUL)p 495 1910 V 116 w(IMULI)p 700 1910 -V 106 w(IMULM)p 906 1910 V 106 w(IMULB)p 1112 1910 V 116 w(MUL)p -1299 1910 V 127 w(MULI)p 1505 1910 V 126 w(MULM)p 1711 1910 -V 126 w(MULB)p 1917 1910 V 182 1911 1736 2 v 181 1989 2 78 -v 207 1961 a FD(230)p 289 1989 V 89 w Fg(IDIV)p 495 1989 V -116 w(IDIVI)p 700 1989 V 106 w(IDIVM)p 906 1989 V 106 w(IDIVB)p -1112 1989 V 116 w(DIV)p 1299 1989 V 127 w(DIVI)p 1505 1989 -V 126 w(DIVM)p 1711 1989 V 126 w(DIVB)p 1917 1989 V 182 1990 -1736 2 v 181 2067 2 78 v 207 2040 a FD(240)p 289 2067 V 99 -w Fg(ASH)p 495 2067 V 146 w(ROT)p 700 2067 V 146 w(LSH)p 906 -2067 V 136 w(JFFO)p 1112 2067 V 116 w(ASHC)p 1299 2067 V 117 -w(ROTC)p 1505 2067 V 126 w(LSHC)p 1711 2067 V 126 w(MUUO)p -1917 2067 V 182 2069 1736 2 v 181 2146 2 78 v 207 2119 a FD(250)p -289 2146 V 89 w Fg(EXCH)p 495 2146 V 136 w(BLT)p 700 2146 V -126 w(AOBJP)p 906 2146 V 106 w(AOBJN)p 1112 2146 V 106 w(JRST)p -1299 2146 V 117 w(JFCL)p 1505 2146 V 136 w(XCT)p 1711 2146 -V 146 w(MAP)p 1917 2146 V 182 2148 1736 2 v 181 2225 2 78 v -207 2198 a FD(260)p 289 2225 V 79 w Fg(PUSHJ)p 495 2225 V 116 -w(PUSH)p 700 2225 V 136 w(POP)p 906 2225 V 136 w(POPJ)p 1112 -2225 V 126 w(JSR)p 1299 2225 V 137 w(JSP)p 1505 2225 V 147 -w(JSA)p Fe(x)p 1711 2225 V 129 w Fg(JRA)p Fe(x)p 1917 2225 -V 182 2227 1736 2 v 181 2304 2 78 v 207 2277 a FD(270)p 289 -2304 V 99 w Fg(ADD)p 495 2304 V 136 w(ADDI)p 700 2304 V 126 -w(ADDM)p 906 2304 V 126 w(ADDB)p 1112 2304 V 126 w(SUB)p 1299 -2304 V 127 w(SUBI)p 1505 2304 V 126 w(SUBM)p 1711 2304 V 126 -w(SUBB)p 1917 2304 V 182 2306 1736 2 v 402 2409 a Fe(y)432 -2417 y FD(This)h(instruction)h(is)f(a)o(v)n(ailable)i(only)e(under)g -Fg(EXTEND)p FD(.)74 b Fe(x)13 b FD(This)h(instruction)h(is)f(obsolete.)p -eop -%%Page: 492 6 -492 5 bop 0 50 a FE(492)718 b Ft(APPENDIX)15 b(A.)27 b(INSTR)o(UCTIONS)14 -b(AND)g(MNEMONICS)648 182 y FB(PDP{10)g(Instruction)f(Set)p -196 217 1516 2 v 195 269 2 55 v 280 256 a FD(0)p 382 269 V -168 w(1)p 569 269 V 168 w(2)p 756 269 V 168 w(3)p 943 269 V -168 w(4)p 1131 269 V 178 w(5)p 1336 269 V 177 w(6)p 1524 269 -V 168 w(7)p 1711 269 V 88 271 1624 2 v 87 348 2 78 v 113 321 -a(300)p 195 348 V 90 w Fg(CAI)p 382 348 V 117 w(CAIL)p 569 -348 V 107 w(CAIE)p 756 348 V 98 w(CAILE)p 943 348 V 97 w(CAIA)p -1131 348 V 106 w(CAIGE)p 1336 348 V 107 w(CAIN)p 1524 348 V -107 w(CAIG)p 1711 348 V 88 350 1624 2 v 87 427 2 78 v 113 400 -a FD(310)p 195 427 V 90 w Fg(CAM)p 382 427 V 117 w(CAML)p 569 -427 V 107 w(CAME)p 756 427 V 98 w(CAMLE)p 943 427 V 97 w(CAMA)p -1131 427 V 106 w(CAMGE)p 1336 427 V 107 w(CAMN)p 1524 427 V -107 w(CAMG)p 1711 427 V 88 429 1624 2 v 87 506 2 78 v 113 479 -a FD(320)p 195 506 V 80 w Fg(JUMP)p 382 506 V 98 w(JUMPL)p -569 506 V 87 w(JUMPE)p 756 506 V 77 w(JUMPLE)p 943 506 V 77 -w(JUMPA)p 1131 506 V 87 w(JUMPGE)p 1336 506 V 86 w(JUMPN)p -1524 506 V 87 w(JUMPG)p 1711 506 V 88 508 1624 2 v 87 585 2 -78 v 113 557 a FD(330)p 195 585 V 80 w Fg(SKIP)p 382 585 V -98 w(SKIPL)p 569 585 V 87 w(SKIPE)p 756 585 V 77 w(SKIPLE)p -943 585 V 77 w(SKIPA)p 1131 585 V 87 w(SKIPGE)p 1336 585 V -86 w(SKIPN)p 1524 585 V 87 w(SKIPG)p 1711 585 V 88 586 1624 -2 v 87 664 2 78 v 113 636 a FD(340)p 195 664 V 90 w Fg(AOJ)p -382 664 V 117 w(AOJL)p 569 664 V 107 w(AOJE)p 756 664 V 98 -w(AOJLE)p 943 664 V 97 w(AOJA)p 1131 664 V 106 w(AOJGE)p 1336 -664 V 107 w(AOJN)p 1524 664 V 107 w(AOJG)p 1711 664 V 88 665 -1624 2 v 87 743 2 78 v 113 715 a FD(350)p 195 743 V 90 w Fg(AOS)p -382 743 V 117 w(AOSL)p 569 743 V 107 w(AOSE)p 756 743 V 98 -w(AOSLE)p 943 743 V 97 w(AOSA)p 1131 743 V 106 w(AOSGE)p 1336 -743 V 107 w(AOSN)p 1524 743 V 107 w(AOSG)p 1711 743 V 88 744 -1624 2 v 87 821 2 78 v 113 794 a FD(360)p 195 821 V 90 w Fg(SOJ)p -382 821 V 117 w(SOJL)p 569 821 V 107 w(SOJE)p 756 821 V 98 -w(SOJLE)p 943 821 V 97 w(SOJA)p 1131 821 V 106 w(SOJGE)p 1336 -821 V 107 w(SOJN)p 1524 821 V 107 w(SOJG)p 1711 821 V 88 823 -1624 2 v 87 900 2 78 v 113 873 a FD(370)p 195 900 V 90 w Fg(SOS)p -382 900 V 117 w(SOSL)p 569 900 V 107 w(SOSE)p 756 900 V 98 -w(SOSLE)p 943 900 V 97 w(SOSA)p 1131 900 V 106 w(SOSGE)p 1336 -900 V 107 w(SOSN)p 1524 900 V 107 w(SOSG)p 1711 900 V 88 902 -1624 2 v 87 979 2 78 v 113 952 a FD(400)p 195 979 V 80 w Fg(SETZ)p -382 979 V 98 w(SETZI)p 569 979 V 87 w(SETZM)p 756 979 V 87 -w(SETZB)p 943 979 V 106 w(AND)p 1131 979 V 127 w(ANDI)p 1336 -979 V 117 w(ANDM)p 1524 979 V 107 w(ANDB)p 1711 979 V 88 981 -1624 2 v 87 1060 2 80 v 113 1031 a FD(410)p 195 1060 V 70 w -Fg(ANDCA)p 382 1060 V 78 w(ANDCAI)p 569 1060 V 67 w(ANDCAM)p -756 1060 V 67 w(ANDCAB)p 943 1060 V 87 w(SETM)p 1131 1060 V -1187 1015 a(SETMI)1178 1053 y(XMOVEI)1295 1047 y Fe(z)p 1336 -1060 V 1382 1031 a Fg(SETMM)p 1524 1060 V 87 w(SETMB)p 1711 -1060 V 88 1062 1624 2 v 87 1139 2 78 v 113 1111 a FD(420)p -195 1139 V 70 w Fg(ANDCM)p 382 1139 V 78 w(ANDCMI)p 569 1139 -V 67 w(ANDCMM)p 756 1139 V 67 w(ANDCMB)p 943 1139 V 87 w(SETA)p -1131 1139 V 106 w(SETAI)p 1336 1139 V 97 w(SETAM)p 1524 1139 -V 87 w(SETAB)p 1711 1139 V 88 1140 1624 2 v 87 1218 2 78 v -113 1190 a FD(430)p 195 1218 V 90 w Fg(XOR)p 382 1218 V 117 -w(XORI)p 569 1218 V 107 w(XORM)p 756 1218 V 108 w(XORB)p 943 -1218 V 116 w(IOR)p 1131 1218 V 127 w(IORI)p 1336 1218 V 117 -w(IORM)p 1524 1218 V 107 w(IORB)p 1711 1218 V 88 1219 1624 -2 v 87 1297 2 78 v 113 1269 a FD(440)p 195 1297 V 70 w Fg(ANDCB)p -382 1297 V 78 w(ANDCBI)p 569 1297 V 67 w(ANDCBM)p 756 1297 -V 67 w(ANDCBB)p 943 1297 V 96 w(EQV)p 1131 1297 V 127 w(EQVI)p -1336 1297 V 117 w(EQVM)p 1524 1297 V 107 w(EQVB)p 1711 1297 -V 88 1298 1624 2 v 87 1375 2 78 v 113 1348 a FD(450)p 195 1375 -V 70 w Fg(SETCA)p 382 1375 V 78 w(SETCAI)p 569 1375 V 67 w(SETCAM)p -756 1375 V 67 w(SETCAB)p 943 1375 V 87 w(ORCA)p 1131 1375 V -106 w(ORCAI)p 1336 1375 V 97 w(ORCAM)p 1524 1375 V 87 w(ORCAB)p -1711 1375 V 88 1377 1624 2 v 87 1454 2 78 v 113 1427 a FD(460)p -195 1454 V 70 w Fg(SETCM)p 382 1454 V 78 w(SETCMI)p 569 1454 -V 67 w(SETCMM)p 756 1454 V 67 w(SETCMB)p 943 1454 V 87 w(ORCM)p -1131 1454 V 106 w(ORCMI)p 1336 1454 V 97 w(ORCMM)p 1524 1454 -V 87 w(ORCMB)p 1711 1454 V 88 1456 1624 2 v 87 1533 2 78 v -113 1506 a FD(470)p 195 1533 V 80 w Fg(ORCB)p 382 1533 V 98 -w(ORCBI)p 569 1533 V 87 w(ORCBM)p 756 1533 V 87 w(ORCBB)p 943 -1533 V 97 w(SETO)p 1131 1533 V 106 w(SETOI)p 1336 1533 V 97 -w(SETOM)p 1524 1533 V 87 w(SETOB)p 1711 1533 V 88 1535 1624 -2 v 87 1614 2 80 v 113 1585 a FD(500)p 195 1614 V 90 w Fg(HLL)p -382 1614 V 439 1569 a(HLLI)430 1607 y(XHLLI)528 1601 y Fe(z)p -569 1614 V 624 1585 a Fg(HLLM)p 756 1614 V 108 w(HLLS)p 943 -1614 V 116 w(HRL)p 1131 1614 V 127 w(HRLI)p 1336 1614 V 117 -w(HRLM)p 1524 1614 V 107 w(HRLS)p 1711 1614 V 88 1616 1624 -2 v 87 1693 2 78 v 113 1665 a FD(510)p 195 1693 V 80 w Fg(HLLZ)p -382 1693 V 98 w(HLLZI)p 569 1693 V 87 w(HLLZM)p 756 1693 V -87 w(HLLZS)p 943 1693 V 97 w(HRLZ)p 1131 1693 V 106 w(HRLZI)p -1336 1693 V 97 w(HRLZM)p 1524 1693 V 87 w(HRLZS)p 1711 1693 -V 88 1694 1624 2 v 87 1772 2 78 v 113 1744 a FD(520)p 195 1772 -V 80 w Fg(HLLO)p 382 1772 V 98 w(HLLOI)p 569 1772 V 87 w(HLLOM)p -756 1772 V 87 w(HLLOS)p 943 1772 V 97 w(HRLO)p 1131 1772 V -106 w(HRLOI)p 1336 1772 V 97 w(HRLOM)p 1524 1772 V 87 w(HRLOS)p -1711 1772 V 88 1773 1624 2 v 87 1851 2 78 v 113 1823 a FD(530)p -195 1851 V 80 w Fg(HLLE)p 382 1851 V 98 w(HLLEI)p 569 1851 -V 87 w(HLLEM)p 756 1851 V 87 w(HLLES)p 943 1851 V 97 w(HRLE)p -1131 1851 V 106 w(HRLEI)p 1336 1851 V 97 w(HRLEM)p 1524 1851 -V 87 w(HRLES)p 1711 1851 V 88 1852 1624 2 v 87 1929 2 78 v -113 1902 a FD(540)p 195 1929 V 90 w Fg(HRR)p 382 1929 V 117 -w(HRRI)p 569 1929 V 107 w(HRRM)p 756 1929 V 108 w(HRRS)p 943 -1929 V 116 w(HLR)p 1131 1929 V 127 w(HLRI)p 1336 1929 V 117 -w(HLRM)p 1524 1929 V 107 w(HLRS)p 1711 1929 V 88 1931 1624 -2 v 87 2008 2 78 v 113 1981 a FD(550)p 195 2008 V 80 w Fg(HRRZ)p -382 2008 V 98 w(HRRZI)p 569 2008 V 87 w(HRRZM)p 756 2008 V -87 w(HRRZS)p 943 2008 V 97 w(HLRZ)p 1131 2008 V 106 w(HLRZI)p -1336 2008 V 97 w(HLRZM)p 1524 2008 V 87 w(HLRZS)p 1711 2008 -V 88 2010 1624 2 v 87 2087 2 78 v 113 2060 a FD(560)p 195 2087 -V 80 w Fg(HRRO)p 382 2087 V 98 w(HRROI)p 569 2087 V 87 w(HRROM)p -756 2087 V 87 w(HRROS)p 943 2087 V 97 w(HLRO)p 1131 2087 V -106 w(HLROI)p 1336 2087 V 97 w(HLROM)p 1524 2087 V 87 w(HLROS)p -1711 2087 V 88 2089 1624 2 v 87 2166 2 78 v 113 2139 a FD(570)p -195 2166 V 80 w Fg(HRRE)p 382 2166 V 98 w(HRREI)p 569 2166 -V 87 w(HRREM)p 756 2166 V 87 w(HRRES)p 943 2166 V 97 w(HLRE)p -1131 2166 V 106 w(HLREI)p 1336 2166 V 97 w(HLREM)p 1524 2166 -V 87 w(HLRES)p 1711 2166 V 88 2168 1624 2 v 498 2271 a Fe(z)528 -2279 y FD(This)g(op)q(eration)i(is)f(a)o(v)n(ailable)i(only)e(in)g(non-zero)f -(sections.)p eop -%%Page: 493 7 -493 6 bop 150 50 a Ft(A.2.)31 b(INSTR)o(UCTION)14 b(MNEMONICS)h({)f(NUMERIC)f -(LISTING)613 b FE(493)798 182 y FB(PDP{10)14 b(Instruction)f(Set)p -355 217 1497 2 v 354 269 2 55 v 439 256 a FD(0)p 542 269 V -168 w(1)p 729 269 V 168 w(2)p 916 269 V 169 w(3)p 1103 269 -V 168 w(4)p 1290 269 V 168 w(5)p 1477 269 V 168 w(6)p 1664 -269 V 168 w(7)p 1851 269 V 248 271 1605 2 v 247 348 2 78 v -273 321 a(600)p 354 348 V 89 w Fg(TRN)p 542 348 V 128 w(TLN)p -729 348 V 117 w(TRNE)p 916 348 V 107 w(TLNE)p 1103 348 V 107 -w(TRNA)p 1290 348 V 107 w(TLNA)p 1477 348 V 107 w(TRNN)p 1664 -348 V 107 w(TLNN)p 1851 348 V 248 350 1605 2 v 247 427 2 78 -v 273 400 a FD(610)p 354 427 V 89 w Fg(TDN)p 542 427 V 128 -w(TSN)p 729 427 V 117 w(TDNE)p 916 427 V 107 w(TSNE)p 1103 -427 V 107 w(TDNA)p 1290 427 V 107 w(TSNA)p 1477 427 V 107 w(TDNN)p -1664 427 V 107 w(TSNN)p 1851 427 V 248 429 1605 2 v 247 506 -2 78 v 273 479 a FD(620)p 354 506 V 89 w Fg(TRZ)p 542 506 V -128 w(TLZ)p 729 506 V 117 w(TRZE)p 916 506 V 107 w(TLZE)p 1103 -506 V 107 w(TRZA)p 1290 506 V 107 w(TLZA)p 1477 506 V 107 w(TRZN)p -1664 506 V 107 w(TLZN)p 1851 506 V 248 508 1605 2 v 247 585 -2 78 v 273 557 a FD(630)p 354 585 V 89 w Fg(TDZ)p 542 585 V -128 w(TSZ)p 729 585 V 117 w(TDZE)p 916 585 V 107 w(TSZE)p 1103 -585 V 107 w(TDZA)p 1290 585 V 107 w(TSZA)p 1477 585 V 107 w(TDZN)p -1664 585 V 107 w(TSZN)p 1851 585 V 248 586 1605 2 v 247 664 -2 78 v 273 636 a FD(640)p 354 664 V 89 w Fg(TRC)p 542 664 V -128 w(TLC)p 729 664 V 117 w(TRCE)p 916 664 V 107 w(TLCE)p 1103 -664 V 107 w(TRCA)p 1290 664 V 107 w(TLCA)p 1477 664 V 107 w(TRCN)p -1664 664 V 107 w(TLCN)p 1851 664 V 248 665 1605 2 v 247 743 -2 78 v 273 715 a FD(650)p 354 743 V 89 w Fg(TDC)p 542 743 V -128 w(TSC)p 729 743 V 117 w(TDCE)p 916 743 V 107 w(TSCE)p 1103 -743 V 107 w(TDCA)p 1290 743 V 107 w(TSCA)p 1477 743 V 107 w(TDCN)p -1664 743 V 107 w(TSCN)p 1851 743 V 248 744 1605 2 v 247 821 -2 78 v 273 794 a FD(660)p 354 821 V 89 w Fg(TRO)p 542 821 V -128 w(TLO)p 729 821 V 117 w(TROE)p 916 821 V 107 w(TLOE)p 1103 -821 V 107 w(TROA)p 1290 821 V 107 w(TLOA)p 1477 821 V 107 w(TRON)p -1664 821 V 107 w(TLON)p 1851 821 V 248 823 1605 2 v 247 900 -2 78 v 273 873 a FD(670)p 354 900 V 89 w Fg(TDO)p 542 900 V -128 w(TSO)p 729 900 V 117 w(TDOE)p 916 900 V 107 w(TSOE)p 1103 -900 V 107 w(TDOA)p 1290 900 V 107 w(TSOA)p 1477 900 V 107 w(TDON)p -1664 900 V 107 w(TSON)p 1851 900 V 248 902 1605 2 v 247 979 -2 78 v 273 952 a FD(700)p 354 979 V 80 w Fg(APR0)p 542 979 -V 107 w(APR1)p 729 979 V 107 w(APR2)p 916 979 V 107 w(APR3)p -1103 979 V 97 w(PMOVE)p 1290 979 V 78 w(PMOVEM)p 1477 979 V -76 w(NMOVE)p 1664 979 V 78 w(NMOVEM)p 1851 979 V 248 981 1605 -2 v 247 1058 2 78 v 273 1031 a FD(710)p 354 1058 V 70 w Fg(LDLPN)p -542 1058 V 87 w(RDCFG)p 729 1058 V 97 w(MUUO)p 916 1058 V 107 -w(MUUO)p 1103 1058 V 97 w(AMOVE)p 1290 1058 V 78 w(AMOVEM)p -1477 1058 V 76 w(UMOVE)p 1664 1058 V 78 w(UMOVEM)p 1851 1058 -V 248 1060 1605 2 v 247 1137 2 78 v 273 1110 a FD(720)p 354 -1137 V 80 w Fg(MUUO)p 542 1137 V 107 w(MUUO)p 729 1137 V 107 -w(MUUO)p 916 1137 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1103 1137 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1290 -1137 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1477 1137 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1664 1137 V 107 -w(MUUO)p 1851 1137 V 248 1139 1605 2 v 247 1216 2 78 v 273 -1188 a FD(730)p 354 1216 V 80 w Fg(MUUO)p 542 1216 V 107 w(MUUO)p -729 1216 V 107 w(MUUO)p 916 1216 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1103 1216 V -107 w(MUUO)p 1290 1216 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1477 1216 V 107 w(MUUO)p -1664 1216 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1851 1216 V 248 1217 1605 2 v 247 -1295 2 78 v 273 1267 a FD(740)p 354 1295 V 80 w Fg(MUUO)p 542 -1295 V 107 w(MUUO)p 729 1295 V 107 w(MUUO)p 916 1295 V 107 -w(MUUO)p 1103 1295 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1290 1295 V 107 w(MUUO)p -1477 1295 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1664 1295 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1851 1295 -V 248 1296 1605 2 v 247 1373 2 78 v 273 1346 a FD(750)p 354 -1373 V 80 w Fg(MUUO)p 542 1373 V 107 w(MUUO)p 729 1373 V 107 -w(MUUO)p 916 1373 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1103 1373 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1290 -1373 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1477 1373 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1664 1373 V 107 -w(MUUO)p 1851 1373 V 248 1375 1605 2 v 247 1452 2 78 v 273 -1425 a FD(760)p 354 1452 V 80 w Fg(MUUO)p 542 1452 V 107 w(MUUO)p -729 1452 V 107 w(MUUO)p 916 1452 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1103 1452 V -107 w(MUUO)p 1290 1452 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1477 1452 V 107 w(MUUO)p -1664 1452 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1851 1452 V 248 1454 1605 2 v 247 -1531 2 78 v 273 1504 a FD(770)p 354 1531 V 80 w Fg(MUUO)p 542 -1531 V 107 w(MUUO)p 729 1531 V 107 w(MUUO)p 916 1531 V 107 -w(MUUO)p 1103 1531 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1290 1531 V 107 w(MUUO)p -1477 1531 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1664 1531 V 107 w(MUUO)p 1851 1531 -V 248 1533 1605 2 v 150 1668 a FA(A.2.1)56 b(APR0,)18 b(APR1,)h(APR2,)g(and)g -(APR3)g(Instructions)f(\(XKL)1624 1664 y(-)1639 1668 y(1)h(only\))578 -1782 y Fx(A)o(C)49 b(APR0)113 b(APR1)120 b(APR2)127 b(APR3)p -553 1799 994 2 v 578 1845 a(00)61 b(APRID)315 b(RDSPB)578 1895 -y(01)61 b(RD)o(ADB)74 b(RDUBR)82 b(RDCSB)95 b(RDCTY)578 1945 -y(02)61 b(SYSID)100 b(CLRPT)92 b(RDPUR)578 1994 y(03)61 b(WRADB)j(WRUBR)73 -b(RDCSTM)59 b(WRCTY)578 2044 y(04)i(WRAPR)68 b(WREBR)77 b(RDITM)97 -b(WRCTYS)578 2094 y(05)61 b(RD)o(APR)78 b(RDEBR)86 b(RDTIME)72 -b(RDCTYS)578 2144 y(06)61 b(SZAPR)86 b(WRCTX)74 b(DRDPTB)60 -b(SZCTYS)578 2194 y(07)h(SNAPR)82 b(RDCTX)h(WRTIME)63 b(SNCTYS)578 -2243 y(10)e(W)o(CTRLF)50 b(DRDCSH)57 b(WRSPB)578 2293 y(11)k(RCTRLF)g(SWPIA) -94 b(WRCSB)578 2343 y(12)61 b(SIMIRD)76 b(SWPV)m(A)81 b(WRPUR)578 -2393 y(13)61 b(WRKP)m(A)69 b(SWPUA)77 b(WRCSTM)578 2443 y(14)61 -b(WRPI)111 b(D)o(WRCSH)49 b(WRITM)578 2493 y(15)61 b(RDPI)120 -b(SWPIO)578 2542 y(16)61 b(SZPI)129 b(SWPV)o(O)76 b(D)o(WRPTB)578 -2592 y(17)61 b(SNPI)125 b(SWPUO)p eop -%%Page: 494 8 -494 7 bop 0 50 a FE(494)718 b Ft(APPENDIX)15 b(A.)27 b(INSTR)o(UCTIONS)14 -b(AND)g(MNEMONICS)0 195 y Fv(A.3)69 b(Instruction)23 b(Mnemonic)o(s)d({)j -(Alphab)r(etic)e(Listing)116 323 y Fu(?)14 b FE(Accum)o(ulator)f(\014eld)h(m) -o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(non{zero.)134 b FC(y)15 b FE(Op)q(eration)f(exists)h(only)e -(under)h Fx(EXTEND)p FE(.)116 372 y FC(z)h FE(Op)q(eration)f(is)g(not)f(a)o -(v)n(ailable)f(in)h(section)i(zero.)50 b FC(x)15 b FE(Op)q(eration)f(is)g -(obsolete.)0 465 y(ADD)163 b(270000,,0)0 514 y(ADDB)134 b(273000,,0)0 -564 y(ADDI)148 b(271000,,0)0 614 y(ADDM)125 b(272000,,0)0 664 -y(ADJBP)15 b Fu(?)81 b FE(133000,,0)0 714 y(ADJSP)123 b(105000,,0)0 -763 y(AMO)o(VE)99 b(714000,,0)0 813 y(AMO)o(VEM)61 b(715000,,0)0 -863 y(AND)164 b(404000,,0)0 913 y(ANDB)135 b(407000,,0)0 963 -y(ANDCA)103 b(410000,,0)0 1013 y(ANDCAB)74 b(413000,,0)0 1062 -y(ANDCAI)88 b(411000,,0)0 1112 y(ANDCAM)65 b(412000,,0)0 1162 -y(ANDCB)105 b(440000,,0)0 1212 y(ANDCBB)76 b(443000,,0)0 1262 -y(ANDCBI)90 b(441000,,0)0 1311 y(ANDCBM)67 b(442000,,0)0 1361 -y(ANDCM)96 b(420000,,0)0 1411 y(ANDCMB)67 b(423000,,0)0 1461 -y(ANDCMI)81 b(421000,,0)0 1511 y(ANDCMM)58 b(422000,,0)0 1561 -y(ANDI)149 b(405000,,0)0 1610 y(ANDM)126 b(406000,,0)0 1660 -y(A)o(OBJN)115 b(253000,,0)0 1710 y(A)o(OBJP)j(252000,,0)0 -1760 y(A)o(OJ)175 b(340000,,0)0 1810 y(A)o(OJA)144 b(344000,,0)0 -1859 y(A)o(OJE)j(342000,,0)0 1909 y(A)o(OJG)142 b(347000,,0)0 -1959 y(A)o(OJGE)114 b(345000,,0)0 2009 y(A)o(OJL)149 b(341000,,0)0 -2059 y(A)o(OJLE)121 b(343000,,0)0 2108 y(A)o(OJN)144 b(346000,,0)0 -2158 y(A)o(OS)173 b(350000,,0)0 2208 y(A)o(OSA)142 b(354000,,0)0 -2258 y(A)o(OSE)j(352000,,0)0 2308 y(A)o(OSG)140 b(357000,,0)0 -2358 y(A)o(OSGE)112 b(355000,,0)0 2407 y(A)o(OSL)147 b(351000,,0)0 -2457 y(A)o(OSLE)119 b(353000,,0)0 2507 y(A)o(OSN)142 b(356000,,0)0 -2557 y(APR0)147 b(700000,,0)0 2607 y(APR1)g(701000,,0)p 548 -2644 5 2221 v 700 465 a(APR2)g(702000,,0)700 514 y(APR3)g(703000,,0)700 -564 y(APRID)121 b(700000,,0)700 614 y(ASH)173 b(240000,,0)700 -664 y(ASHC)143 b(244000,,0)700 714 y(BLKI)14 b FC(x)124 b FE(7xx000,,0)700 -763 y(BLK)o(O)14 b FC(x)108 b FE(7xx100,,0)700 813 y(BL)m(T)176 -b(251000,,0)700 863 y(CAI)182 b(300000,,0)700 913 y(CAIA)151 -b(304000,,0)700 963 y(CAIE)j(302000,,0)700 1013 y(CAIG)149 -b(307000,,0)700 1062 y(CAIGE)121 b(305000,,0)700 1112 y(CAIL)156 -b(301000,,0)700 1162 y(CAILE)128 b(303000,,0)700 1212 y(CAIN)151 -b(306000,,0)700 1262 y(CAM)159 b(310000,,0)700 1311 y(CAMA)128 -b(314000,,0)700 1361 y(CAME)j(312000,,0)700 1411 y(CAMG)126 -b(317000,,0)700 1461 y(CAMGE)98 b(315000,,0)700 1511 y(CAML)133 -b(311000,,0)700 1561 y(CAMLE)105 b(313000,,0)700 1610 y(CAMN)128 -b(316000,,0)700 1660 y(CLRPT)113 b(701100,,0)700 1710 y(CMPSE)14 -b FC(y)79 b FE(002000,,0)700 1760 y(CMPSG)13 b FC(y)75 b FE(007000,,0)700 -1810 y(CMPSGE)14 b FC(y)46 b FE(005000,,0)700 1859 y(CMPSL)14 -b FC(y)81 b FE(001000,,0)700 1909 y(CMPSLE)14 b FC(y)53 b FE(003000,,0)700 -1959 y(CMPSN)14 b FC(y)76 b FE(006000,,0)700 2009 y(CONI)14 -b FC(x)118 b FE(7xx240,,0)700 2059 y(CONO)14 b FC(x)101 b FE(7xx200,,0)700 -2108 y(CONSO)14 b FC(x)78 b FE(7xx340,,0)700 2158 y(CONSZ)14 -b FC(x)85 b FE(7xx300,,0)700 2208 y(CVTBDO)14 b FC(y)42 b FE(012000,,0)700 -2258 y(CVTBDT)14 b FC(y)44 b FE(013000,,0)700 2308 y(CVTDBO)14 -b FC(y)42 b FE(010000,,0)700 2358 y(CVTDBT)14 b FC(y)44 b FE(011000,,0)700 -2407 y(D)o(ADD)132 b(114000,,0)700 2457 y(D)o(A)m(T)m(AI)12 -b FC(x)96 b FE(7xx040,,0)700 2507 y(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)12 b -FC(x)80 b FE(7xx140,,0)700 2557 y(DDIV)148 b(117000,,0)700 -2607 y(DF)-5 b(AD)141 b(110000,,0)p 1248 2644 V 1399 465 a(DFD)o(V)d -(113000,,0)1399 514 y(DFMP)c(112000,,0)1399 564 y(DFN)14 b -FC(x)137 b FE(131000,,0)1399 614 y(DFSB)148 b(111000,,0)1399 -664 y(DGFL)m(TR)12 b FC(y)53 b FE(027000,,0)1399 714 y(DIV)181 -b(234000,,0)1399 763 y(DIVB)152 b(237000,,0)1399 813 y(DIVI)166 -b(235000,,0)1399 863 y(DIVM)143 b(236000,,0)1399 913 y(DMO)o(VE)99 -b(120000,,0)1399 963 y(DMO)o(VEM)61 b(124000,,0)1399 1013 y(DMO)o(VN)96 -b(121000,,0)1399 1062 y(DMO)o(VNM)58 b(125000,,0)1399 1112 -y(DMUL)132 b(116000,,0)1399 1162 y(DPB)170 b(137000,,0)1399 -1212 y(DRDCSH)80 b(701400,,0)1399 1262 y(DRDPTB)d(702300,,0)1399 -1311 y(DSUB)144 b(115000,,0)1399 1361 y(D)o(WR)o(CSH)71 b(701600,,0)1399 -1411 y(D)o(WRPTB)c(702700,,0)1399 1461 y(EDIT)14 b FC(y)122 -b FE(004000,,0)1399 1511 y(EQV)168 b(444000,,0)1399 1561 y(EQVB)139 -b(447000,,0)1399 1610 y(EQVI)153 b(445000,,0)1399 1660 y(EQVM)130 -b(446000,,0)1399 1710 y(EX)o(CH)140 b(250000,,0)1399 1760 y(EXTEND)79 -b(123000,,0)1399 1810 y(F)-5 b(AD)174 b(140000,,0)1399 1859 -y(F)-5 b(ADB)145 b(143000,,0)1399 1909 y(F)-5 b(ADL)14 b FC(x)116 -b FE(141000,,0)1399 1959 y(F)-5 b(ADM)136 b(142000,,0)1399 -2009 y(F)-5 b(ADR)143 b(144000,,0)1399 2059 y(F)-5 b(ADRB)114 -b(147000,,0)1399 2108 y(F)-5 b(ADRI)128 b(145000,,0)1399 2158 -y(F)-5 b(ADRM)105 b(146000,,0)1399 2208 y(FD)o(V)170 b(170000,,0)1399 -2258 y(FD)o(VB)141 b(173000,,0)1399 2308 y(FD)o(VL)14 b FC(x)112 -b FE(171000,,0)1399 2358 y(FD)o(VM)132 b(172000,,0)1399 2407 -y(FD)o(VR)139 b(174000,,0)1399 2457 y(FD)o(VRB)110 b(177000,,0)1399 -2507 y(FD)o(VRI)124 b(175000,,0)1399 2557 y(FD)o(VRM)101 b(176000,,0)1399 -2607 y(FIX)186 b(122000,,0)p eop -%%Page: 495 9 -495 8 bop 150 50 a Ft(A.3.)31 b(INSTR)o(UCTION)14 b(MNEMONICS)h({)f -(ALPHABETIC)h(LISTING)536 b FE(495)521 188 y(Instruction)15 -b(Mnemonics)e(|)g(Alphab)q(etic)i(Listing)e(\(Con)o(tin)o(ued\))266 -274 y Fu(?)h FE(Accum)o(ulator)f(\014eld)h(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(non{zero.)134 -b FC(y)15 b FE(Op)q(eration)f(exists)h(only)e(under)h Fx(EXTEND)p -FE(.)266 324 y FC(z)h FE(Op)q(eration)f(is)g(not)f(a)o(v)n(ailable)f(in)h -(section)i(zero.)50 b FC(x)15 b FE(Op)q(eration)f(is)g(obsolete.)150 -416 y(FIXR)154 b(126000,,0)150 466 y(FL)m(TR)147 b(127000,,0)150 -516 y(FMP)165 b(160000,,0)150 565 y(FMPB)136 b(163000,,0)150 -615 y(FMPL)14 b FC(x)107 b FE(161000,,0)150 665 y(FMPM)127 -b(162000,,0)150 715 y(FMPR)134 b(164000,,0)150 765 y(FMPRB)105 -b(167000,,0)150 815 y(FMPRI)119 b(165000,,0)150 864 y(FMPRM)96 -b(166000,,0)150 914 y(FSB)179 b(150000,,0)150 964 y(FSBB)150 -b(153000,,0)150 1014 y(FSBL)14 b FC(x)121 b FE(151000,,0)150 -1064 y(FSBM)141 b(152000,,0)150 1113 y(FSBR)148 b(154000,,0)150 -1163 y(FSBRB)119 b(157000,,0)150 1213 y(FSBRI)133 b(155000,,0)150 -1263 y(FSBRM)110 b(156000,,0)150 1313 y(FSC)178 b(132000,,0)150 -1362 y(GDBLE)14 b FC(y)78 b FE(022000,,0)150 1412 y(GDFIX)13 -b FC(y)89 b FE(023000,,0)150 1462 y(GDFIXR)13 b FC(y)58 b FE(025000,,0)150 -1512 y(GF)-5 b(AD)140 b(102000,,0)150 1562 y(GFD)o(V)c(107000,,0)150 -1612 y(GFIX)14 b FC(y)120 b FE(024000,,0)150 1661 y(GFIXR)13 -b FC(y)90 b FE(026000,,0)150 1711 y(GFL)m(TR)13 b FC(y)83 b -FE(030000,,0)150 1761 y(GFMP)132 b(106000,,0)150 1811 y(GFSB)146 -b(103000,,0)150 1861 y(GFSC)14 b FC(y)113 b FE(021000,,0)150 -1910 y(GSNGL)13 b FC(y)81 b FE(021000,,0)150 1960 y(HAL)m(T)143 -b(254200,,0)150 2010 y(HAL)m(TRM)74 b(254540,,0)150 2060 y(HLL)175 -b(500000,,0)150 2110 y(HLLE)147 b(530000,,0)150 2159 y(HLLEI)132 -b(531000,,0)150 2209 y(HLLEM)109 b(532000,,0)150 2259 y(HLLES)124 -b(533000,,0)150 2309 y(HLLI)160 b(501000,,0)150 2359 y(HLLM)137 -b(502000,,0)150 2409 y(HLLO)143 b(520000,,0)150 2458 y(HLLOI)128 -b(521000,,0)150 2508 y(HLLOM)105 b(522000,,0)150 2558 y(HLLOS)120 -b(523000,,0)150 2608 y(HLLS)152 b(503000,,0)p 698 2644 5 2270 -v 850 416 a(HLLZ)e(510000,,0)850 466 y(HLLZI)135 b(511000,,0)850 -516 y(HLLZM)112 b(512000,,0)850 565 y(HLLZS)127 b(513000,,0)850 -615 y(HLR)170 b(544000,,0)850 665 y(HLRE)142 b(574000,,0)850 -715 y(HLREI)127 b(575000,,0)850 765 y(HLREM)104 b(576000,,0)850 -815 y(HLRES)119 b(577000,,0)850 864 y(HLRI)155 b(545000,,0)850 -914 y(HLRM)132 b(546000,,0)850 964 y(HLR)o(O)139 b(564000,,0)850 -1014 y(HLR)o(OI)124 b(565000,,0)850 1064 y(HLR)o(OM)101 b(566000,,0)850 -1113 y(HLR)o(OS)116 b(567000,,0)850 1163 y(HLRS)147 b(547000,,0)850 -1213 y(HLRZ)e(554000,,0)850 1263 y(HLRZI)130 b(555000,,0)850 -1313 y(HLRZM)107 b(556000,,0)850 1362 y(HLRZS)122 b(557000,,0)850 -1412 y(HRL)170 b(504000,,0)850 1462 y(HRLE)142 b(534000,,0)850 -1512 y(HRLEI)127 b(535000,,0)850 1562 y(HRLEM)104 b(536000,,0)850 -1612 y(HRLES)119 b(537000,,0)850 1661 y(HRLI)155 b(505000,,0)850 -1711 y(HRLM)132 b(506000,,0)850 1761 y(HRLO)138 b(524000,,0)850 -1811 y(HRLOI)123 b(525000,,0)850 1861 y(HRLOM)100 b(526000,,0)850 -1910 y(HRLOS)115 b(527000,,0)850 1960 y(HRLS)147 b(507000,,0)850 -2010 y(HRLZ)e(514000,,0)850 2060 y(HRLZI)130 b(515000,,0)850 -2110 y(HRLZM)107 b(516000,,0)850 2159 y(HRLZS)122 b(517000,,0)850 -2209 y(HRR)165 b(540000,,0)850 2259 y(HRRE)137 b(570000,,0)850 -2309 y(HRREI)122 b(571000,,0)850 2359 y(HRREM)99 b(572000,,0)850 -2409 y(HRRES)114 b(573000,,0)850 2458 y(HRRI)150 b(541000,,0)850 -2508 y(HRRM)127 b(542000,,0)850 2558 y(HRR)o(O)134 b(560000,,0)850 -2608 y(HRR)o(OI)119 b(561000,,0)p 1398 2644 V 1549 416 a(HRR)o(OM)97 -b(562000,,0)1549 466 y(HRR)o(OS)112 b(563000,,0)1549 516 y(HRRS)143 -b(543000,,0)1549 565 y(HRRZ)e(550000,,0)1549 615 y(HRRZI)126 -b(551000,,0)1549 665 y(HRRZM)103 b(552000,,0)1549 715 y(HRRZS)118 -b(553000,,0)1549 765 y(IBP)187 b(133000,,0)1549 815 y(IDIV)166 -b(230000,,0)1549 864 y(IDIVB)137 b(233000,,0)1549 914 y(IDIVI)151 -b(231000,,0)1549 964 y(IDIVM)128 b(232000,,0)1549 1014 y(IDPB)155 -b(136000,,0)1549 1064 y(ILDB)i(134000,,0)1549 1113 y(IMUL)149 -b(220000,,0)1549 1163 y(IMULB)120 b(223000,,0)1549 1213 y(IMULI)134 -b(221000,,0)1549 1263 y(IMULM)111 b(222000,,0)1549 1313 y(IOR)181 -b(434000,,0)1549 1362 y(IORB)152 b(437000,,0)1549 1412 y(IORI)166 -b(435000,,0)1549 1462 y(IORM)143 b(436000,,0)1549 1512 y(JCR)m(Y)149 -b(255300,,0)1549 1562 y(JCR)m(Y0)128 b(255200,,0)1549 1612 -y(JCR)m(Y1)g(255100,,0)1549 1661 y(JEN)179 b(254500,,0)1549 -1711 y(JF)o(CL)156 b(255000,,0)1549 1761 y(JFF)o(O)d(243000,,0)1549 -1811 y(JF)o(O)o(V)d(255040,,0)1549 1861 y(JO)o(V)176 b(255400,,0)1549 -1910 y(JRA)14 b FC(x)144 b FE(267000,,0)1549 1960 y(JRST)154 -b(254000,,0)1549 2010 y(JRSTF)127 b(254100,,0)1549 2060 y(JSA)15 -b FC(x)151 b FE(266000,,0)1549 2110 y(JSP)187 b(265000,,0)1549 -2159 y(JSR)d(264000,,0)1549 2209 y(JSYS)161 b(104000,,0)1549 -2259 y(JUMP)141 b(320000,,0)1549 2309 y(JUMP)m(A)113 b(324000,,0)1549 -2359 y(JUMPE)g(322000,,0)1549 2409 y(JUMPG)108 b(327000,,0)1549 -2458 y(JUMPGE)80 b(325000,,0)1549 2508 y(JUMPL)115 b(321000,,0)1549 -2558 y(JUMPLE)87 b(323000,,0)1549 2608 y(JUMPN)110 b(326000,,0)p -eop -%%Page: 496 10 -496 9 bop 0 50 a FE(496)718 b Ft(APPENDIX)15 b(A.)27 b(INSTR)o(UCTIONS)14 -b(AND)g(MNEMONICS)371 188 y FE(Instruction)h(Mnemonics)e(|)g(Alphab)q(etic)i -(Listing)e(\(Con)o(tin)o(ued\))116 274 y Fu(?)h FE(Accum)o(ulator)f(\014eld)h -(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(non{zero.)134 b FC(y)15 b FE(Op)q(eration)f(exists)h(only) -e(under)h Fx(EXTEND)p FE(.)116 324 y FC(z)h FE(Op)q(eration)f(is)g(not)f(a)o -(v)n(ailable)f(in)h(section)i(zero.)50 b FC(x)15 b FE(Op)q(eration)f(is)g -(obsolete.)0 416 y(LDB)171 b(135000,,0)0 466 y(LDLPN)115 b(710000,,0)0 -516 y(LSH)178 b(242000,,0)0 565 y(LSHC)148 b(246000,,0)0 615 -y(MAP)161 b(257000,,0)0 665 y(MO)o(VE)130 b(200000,,0)0 715 -y(MO)o(VEI)115 b(201000,,0)0 765 y(MO)o(VEM)92 b(202000,,0)0 -815 y(MO)o(VES)107 b(203000,,0)0 864 y(MO)o(VM)120 b(214000,,0)0 -914 y(MO)o(VMI)105 b(215000,,0)0 964 y(MO)o(VMM)82 b(216000,,0)0 -1014 y(MO)o(VMS)97 b(217000,,0)0 1064 y(MO)o(VN)127 b(210000,,0)0 -1113 y(MO)o(VNI)112 b(211000,,0)0 1163 y(MO)o(VNM)89 b(212000,,0)0 -1213 y(MO)o(VNS)104 b(213000,,0)0 1263 y(MO)o(VS)135 b(204000,,0)0 -1313 y(MO)o(VSI)120 b(205000,,0)0 1362 y(MO)o(VSLJ)14 b FC(y)56 -b FE(016000,,0)0 1412 y(MO)o(VSM)97 b(206000,,0)0 1462 y(MO)o(VSO)15 -b FC(y)70 b FE(014000,,0)0 1512 y(MO)o(VSRJ)14 b FC(y)51 b -FE(017000,,0)0 1562 y(MO)o(VSS)112 b(207000,,0)0 1612 y(MO)o(VST)14 -b FC(y)73 b FE(015000,,0)0 1661 y(MUL)163 b(224000,,0)0 1711 -y(MULB)134 b(227000,,0)0 1761 y(MULI)148 b(225000,,0)0 1811 -y(MULM)125 b(226000,,0)0 1861 y(NMO)o(VE)99 b(706000,,0)0 1910 -y(NMO)o(VEM)61 b(707000,,0)0 1960 y(OR)o(CA)135 b(454000,,0)0 -2010 y(OR)o(CAB)106 b(457000,,0)0 2060 y(OR)o(CAI)120 b(455000,,0)0 -2110 y(OR)o(CAM)97 b(456000,,0)0 2159 y(OR)o(CB)137 b(470000,,0)0 -2209 y(OR)o(CBB)108 b(473000,,0)0 2259 y(OR)o(CBI)122 b(471000,,0)0 -2309 y(OR)o(CBM)99 b(472000,,0)0 2359 y(OR)o(CM)128 b(464000,,0)0 -2409 y(OR)o(CMB)99 b(467000,,0)0 2458 y(OR)o(CMI)113 b(465000,,0)0 -2508 y(OR)o(CMM)90 b(466000,,0)0 2558 y(PMO)o(VE)102 b(704000,,0)0 -2608 y(PMO)o(VEM)64 b(705000,,0)p 548 2644 5 2270 v 700 416 -a(POP)170 b(262000,,0)700 466 y(POPJ)149 b(263000,,0)700 516 -y(POR)m(T)m(AL)86 b(254040,,0)700 565 y(PUSH)145 b(261000,,0)700 -615 y(PUSHJ)124 b(260000,,0)700 665 y(PX)o(CT)14 b Fu(?)105 -b FE(256000,,0)700 715 y(R)o(CTRLF)84 b(700440,,0)700 765 y(RD)o(ADB)104 -b(700040,,0)700 815 y(RD)o(APR)i(700240,,0)700 864 y(RDCF)o(G)g(711000,,0)700 -914 y(RDCSB)113 b(702040,,0)700 964 y(RDCSTM)74 b(702140,,0)700 -1014 y(RDCTX)104 b(701340,,0)700 1064 y(RDCTY)g(703040,,0)700 -1113 y(RDCTYS)81 b(703240,,0)700 1163 y(RDEBR)107 b(701240,,0)700 -1213 y(RDITM)112 b(702200,,0)700 1263 y(RDPI)152 b(700640,,0)700 -1313 y(RDPUR)105 b(702100,,0)700 1362 y(RDSPB)115 b(702000,,0)700 -1412 y(RDTIME)84 b(702240,,0)700 1462 y(RDUBR)104 b(701040,,0)700 -1512 y(R)o(OT)166 b(241000,,0)700 1562 y(R)o(OTC)136 b(245000,,0)700 -1612 y(SET)m(A)149 b(424000,,0)700 1661 y(SET)m(AB)120 b(427000,,0)700 -1711 y(SET)m(AI)134 b(425000,,0)700 1761 y(SET)m(AM)111 b(426000,,0)700 -1811 y(SETCA)116 b(450000,,0)700 1861 y(SETCAB)87 b(453000,,0)700 -1910 y(SETCAI)101 b(451000,,0)700 1960 y(SETCAM)78 b(452000,,0)700 -2010 y(SETCM)109 b(460000,,0)700 2060 y(SETCMB)80 b(463000,,0)700 -2110 y(SETCMI)94 b(461000,,0)700 2159 y(SETCMM)71 b(462000,,0)700 -2209 y(SETM)139 b(414000,,0)700 2259 y(SETMB)110 b(417000,,0)700 -2309 y(SETMI)124 b(415000,,0)700 2359 y(SETMM)101 b(416000,,0)700 -2409 y(SETO)145 b(474000,,0)700 2458 y(SETOB)116 b(477000,,0)700 -2508 y(SETOI)130 b(475000,,0)700 2558 y(SETOM)107 b(476000,,0)700 -2608 y(SETZ)152 b(400000,,0)p 1248 2644 V 1399 416 a(SETZB)124 -b(403000,,0)1399 466 y(SETZI)138 b(401000,,0)1399 516 y(SETZM)115 -b(402000,,0)1399 565 y(SFM)171 b(254600,,0)1399 615 y(SIMIRD)105 -b(700500,,0)1399 665 y(SKIP)161 b(330000,,0)1399 715 y(SKIP)m(A)133 -b(334000,,0)1399 765 y(SKIPE)g(332000,,0)1399 815 y(SKIPG)128 -b(337000,,0)1399 864 y(SKIPGE)100 b(335000,,0)1399 914 y(SKIPL)135 -b(331000,,0)1399 964 y(SKIPLE)107 b(333000,,0)1399 1014 y(SKIPN)130 -b(336000,,0)1399 1064 y(SNAPR)115 b(700340,,0)1399 1113 y(SNCTYS)91 -b(703340,,0)1399 1163 y(SNPI)162 b(700740,,0)1399 1213 y(SOJ)183 -b(360000,,0)1399 1263 y(SOJA)152 b(364000,,0)1399 1313 y(SOJE)j(362000,,0) -1399 1362 y(SOJG)150 b(367000,,0)1399 1412 y(SOJGE)122 b(365000,,0)1399 -1462 y(SOJL)157 b(361000,,0)1399 1512 y(SOJLE)129 b(363000,,0)1399 -1562 y(SOJN)152 b(366000,,0)1399 1612 y(SOS)181 b(370000,,0)1399 -1661 y(SOSA)150 b(374000,,0)1399 1711 y(SOSE)j(372000,,0)1399 -1761 y(SOSG)148 b(377000,,0)1399 1811 y(SOSGE)120 b(375000,,0)1399 -1861 y(SOSL)155 b(371000,,0)1399 1910 y(SOSLE)127 b(373000,,0)1399 -1960 y(SOSN)150 b(376000,,0)1399 2010 y(SUB)176 b(274000,,0)1399 -2060 y(SUBB)147 b(277000,,0)1399 2110 y(SUBI)161 b(275000,,0)1399 -2159 y(SUBM)138 b(276000,,0)1399 2209 y(SWPIA)119 b(701440,,0)1399 -2259 y(SWPIO)f(701640,,0)1399 2309 y(SWPUA)103 b(701540,,0)1399 -2359 y(SWPUO)f(701740,,0)1399 2409 y(SWPV)-5 b(A)108 b(701500,,0)1399 -2458 y(SWPV)o(O)103 b(701700,,0)1399 2508 y(SYSID)135 b(700100,,0)1399 -2558 y(SZAPR)121 b(700300,,0)1399 2608 y(SZCTYS)97 b(703300,,0)p -eop -%%Page: 497 11 -497 10 bop 150 50 a Ft(A.4.)31 b(ALGEBRAIC)14 b(REPRESENT)m(A)m(TION)972 -b FE(497)521 188 y(Instruction)15 b(Mnemonics)e(|)g(Alphab)q(etic)i(Listing)e -(\(Con)o(tin)o(ued\))266 274 y Fu(?)h FE(Accum)o(ulator)f(\014eld)h(m)o(ust)f -(b)q(e)h(non{zero.)134 b FC(y)15 b FE(Op)q(eration)f(exists)h(only)e(under)h -Fx(EXTEND)p FE(.)266 324 y FC(z)h FE(Op)q(eration)f(is)g(not)f(a)o(v)n -(ailable)f(in)h(section)i(zero.)50 b FC(x)15 b FE(Op)q(eration)f(is)g -(obsolete.)150 416 y(SZPI)167 b(700700,,0)150 466 y(TDC)f(650000,,0)150 -516 y(TDCA)135 b(654000,,0)150 565 y(TDCE)j(652000,,0)150 615 -y(TDCN)d(656000,,0)150 665 y(TDN)165 b(610000,,0)150 715 y(TDNA)134 -b(614000,,0)150 765 y(TDNE)j(612000,,0)150 815 y(TDNN)d(616000,,0)150 -864 y(TDO)164 b(670000,,0)150 914 y(TDO)o(A)134 b(674000,,0)150 -964 y(TDOE)i(672000,,0)150 1014 y(TDON)d(676000,,0)150 1064 -y(TDZ)171 b(630000,,0)150 1113 y(TDZA)140 b(634000,,0)150 1163 -y(TDZE)j(632000,,0)150 1213 y(TDZN)d(636000,,0)150 1263 y(TLC)172 -b(641000,,0)150 1313 y(TLCA)141 b(645000,,0)150 1362 y(TLCE)j(643000,,0)150 -1412 y(TLCN)d(647000,,0)150 1462 y(TLN)171 b(601000,,0)150 -1512 y(TLNA)140 b(605000,,0)150 1562 y(TLNE)j(603000,,0)150 -1612 y(TLNN)d(607000,,0)150 1661 y(TLO)170 b(661000,,0)150 -1711 y(TLO)o(A)140 b(665000,,0)150 1761 y(TLOE)i(663000,,0)150 -1811 y(TLON)d(667000,,0)150 1861 y(TLZ)177 b(621000,,0)150 -1910 y(TLZA)146 b(625000,,0)150 1960 y(TLZE)j(623000,,0)p 698 -2015 5 1641 v 850 416 a(TLZN)d(627000,,0)850 466 y(TR)o(C)168 -b(640000,,0)850 516 y(TR)o(CA)137 b(644000,,0)850 565 y(TR)o(CE)j(642000,,0) -850 615 y(TR)o(CN)d(646000,,0)850 665 y(TRN)166 b(600000,,0)850 -715 y(TRNA)135 b(604000,,0)850 765 y(TRNE)j(602000,,0)850 815 -y(TRNN)d(606000,,0)850 864 y(TR)o(O)166 b(660000,,0)850 914 -y(TR)o(O)o(A)136 b(664000,,0)850 964 y(TR)o(OE)i(662000,,0)850 -1014 y(TR)o(ON)d(666000,,0)850 1064 y(TRZ)172 b(620000,,0)850 -1113 y(TRZA)141 b(624000,,0)850 1163 y(TRZE)j(622000,,0)850 -1213 y(TRZN)d(626000,,0)850 1263 y(TSC)175 b(651000,,0)850 -1313 y(TSCA)144 b(655000,,0)850 1362 y(TSCE)j(653000,,0)850 -1412 y(TSCN)d(657000,,0)850 1462 y(TSN)174 b(611000,,0)850 -1512 y(TSNA)143 b(615000,,0)850 1562 y(TSNE)j(613000,,0)850 -1612 y(TSNN)d(617000,,0)850 1661 y(TSO)173 b(671000,,0)850 -1711 y(TSO)o(A)143 b(675000,,0)850 1761 y(TSOE)i(673000,,0)850 -1811 y(TSON)d(677000,,0)850 1861 y(TSZ)180 b(631000,,0)850 -1910 y(TSZA)149 b(635000,,0)850 1960 y(TSZE)j(633000,,0)p 1398 -2015 V 1549 416 a(TSZN)e(637000,,0)1549 466 y(UF)-5 b(A)15 -b FC(x)142 b FE(130000,,0)1549 516 y(UMO)o(VE)100 b(716000,,0)1549 -565 y(UMO)o(VEM)62 b(717000,,0)1549 615 y(W)o(CTRLF)73 b(700400,,0)1549 -665 y(WRADB)93 b(700140,,0)1549 715 y(WRAPR)i(700200,,0)1549 -765 y(WR)o(CSB)104 b(702440,,0)1549 815 y(WR)o(CSTM)65 b(702540,,0)1549 -864 y(WR)o(CTX)95 b(701300,,0)1549 914 y(WR)o(CTY)g(703140,,0)1549 -964 y(WR)o(CTYS)72 b(703200,,0)1549 1014 y(WREBR)97 b(701200,,0)1549 -1064 y(WRITM)102 b(702600,,0)1549 1113 y(WRKP)m(A)97 b(700540,,0)1549 -1163 y(WRPI)142 b(700600,,0)1549 1213 y(WRPUR)95 b(702500,,0)1549 -1263 y(WRSPB)105 b(702400,,0)1549 1313 y(WR)m(TIME)77 b(702340,,0)1549 -1362 y(WR)o(UBR)95 b(701140,,0)1549 1412 y(XBL)m(T)14 b FC(y)114 -b FE(020000,,0)1549 1462 y(X)o(CT)169 b(256000,,0)1549 1512 -y(XHLLI)14 b FC(z)98 b FE(501000,,0)1549 1562 y(XJEN)148 b(254300,,0)1549 -1612 y(XJRST)123 b(254640,,0)1549 1661 y(XJRSTF)96 b(254240,,0)1549 -1711 y(XJRSTP)f(254440,,0)1549 1761 y(XMO)o(VEI)15 b FC(z)52 -b FE(415000,,0)1549 1811 y(X)o(OR)166 b(430000,,0)1549 1861 -y(X)o(ORB)137 b(433000,,0)1549 1910 y(X)o(ORI)151 b(431000,,0)1549 -1960 y(X)o(ORM)128 b(432000,,0)1549 2010 y(XPCW)f(254340,,0)150 -2173 y Fv(A.4)69 b(Algebraic)22 b(Represen)n(tation)150 2300 -y FE([T)m(o)13 b(b)q(e)h(supplied])p eop -%%Page: 498 12 -498 11 bop 0 50 a FE(498)718 b Ft(APPENDIX)15 b(A.)27 b(INSTR)o(UCTIONS)14 -b(AND)g(MNEMONICS)0 195 y Fv(A.5)69 b(P)n(o)n(w)n(ers)23 b(of)h(Tw)n(o)228 -311 y FE(2)249 296 y Fr(N)330 311 y Fu(N)55 b FE(2)439 296 -y Fm(\000)p Fr(N)264 378 y Fp(1)60 b(0)g(1.)264 410 y(2)g(1)g(0.5)264 -441 y(4)g(2)g(0.25)264 473 y(8)g(3)g(0.125)247 505 y(16)g(4)g(0.062)10 -b(5)247 536 y(32)60 b(5)g(0.031)10 b(25)247 568 y(64)60 b(6)g(0.015)10 -b(625)231 599 y(128)59 b(7)h(0.007)10 b(812)g(5)231 631 y(256)59 -b(8)h(0.003)10 b(906)g(25)231 662 y(512)59 b(9)h(0.001)10 b(953)g(125)203 -694 y(1)h(024)51 b(10)g(0.000)10 b(976)g(562)f(5)203 725 y(2)i(048)51 -b(11)g(0.000)10 b(488)g(281)f(25)203 757 y(4)i(096)51 b(12)g(0.000)10 -b(244)g(140)f(625)203 788 y(8)i(192)51 b(13)g(0.000)10 b(122)g(070)f(312)h(5) -187 820 y(16)g(384)51 b(14)g(0.000)10 b(061)g(035)f(156)h(25)187 -852 y(32)g(768)51 b(15)g(0.000)10 b(030)g(517)f(578)h(125)187 -883 y(65)g(536)51 b(16)g(0.000)10 b(015)g(258)f(789)h(062)g(5)170 -915 y(131)g(072)51 b(17)g(0.000)10 b(007)g(629)f(394)h(531)g(25)170 -946 y(262)g(144)51 b(18)g(0.000)10 b(003)g(814)f(697)h(265)g(625)170 -978 y(524)g(288)51 b(19)g(0.000)10 b(001)g(907)f(348)h(632)g(812)g(5)142 -1009 y(1)h(048)f(576)51 b(20)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(953)f(674)h(316)g(406)g(25) -142 1041 y(2)h(097)f(152)51 b(21)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(476)f(837)h(158)g(203)g -(125)142 1072 y(4)h(194)f(304)51 b(22)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(238)f(418)h(579)g -(101)g(562)g(5)142 1104 y(8)h(388)f(608)51 b(23)g(0.000)10 -b(000)g(119)f(209)h(289)g(550)g(781)g(25)126 1135 y(16)g(777)g(216)51 -b(24)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(059)f(604)h(644)g(775)g(390)g(625)126 -1167 y(33)g(554)g(432)51 b(25)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(029)f(802)h(322)g(387)g(695) -g(312)f(5)126 1199 y(67)h(108)g(864)51 b(26)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(014)f(901)h -(161)g(193)g(847)g(656)f(25)109 1230 y(134)h(217)g(728)51 b(27)g(0.000)10 -b(000)g(007)f(450)h(580)g(596)g(923)g(828)f(125)109 1262 y(268)h(435)g(456)51 -b(28)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(003)f(725)h(290)g(298)g(461)g(914)f(062)h(5)109 -1293 y(536)g(870)g(912)51 b(29)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(001)f(862)h(645)g(149)g -(230)g(957)f(031)h(25)81 1325 y(1)h(073)f(741)g(824)51 b(30)g(0.000)10 -b(000)g(000)f(931)h(322)g(574)g(615)g(478)f(515)h(625)81 1356 -y(2)h(147)f(483)g(648)51 b(31)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(465)h(661)g(287)g(307) -g(739)f(257)h(812)g(5)81 1388 y(4)h(294)f(967)g(296)51 b(32)g(0.000)10 -b(000)g(000)f(232)h(830)g(643)g(653)g(869)f(628)h(906)g(25)81 -1419 y(8)h(589)f(934)g(592)51 b(33)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(116)h(415)g(321)g -(826)g(934)f(814)h(453)g(125)65 1451 y(17)g(179)g(869)g(184)51 -b(34)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(058)h(207)g(660)g(913)g(467)f(407)h(226)g(562)g -(5)65 1483 y(34)g(359)g(738)g(368)51 b(35)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(029)h(103) -g(830)g(456)g(733)f(703)h(613)g(281)g(25)65 1514 y(68)g(719)g(476)g(736)51 -b(36)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(014)h(551)g(915)g(228)g(366)f(851)h(806)g(640)g -(625)48 1546 y(137)g(438)g(953)g(472)51 b(37)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(007)h -(275)g(957)g(614)g(183)f(425)h(903)g(320)g(312)g(5)48 1577 -y(274)g(877)g(906)g(944)51 b(38)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(003)h(637)g(978)g -(807)g(091)f(712)h(951)g(660)g(156)g(25)48 1609 y(549)g(755)g(813)g(888)51 -b(39)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(001)h(818)g(989)g(403)g(545)f(856)h(475)g(830)g -(078)g(125)21 1640 y(1)g(099)g(511)g(627)g(776)51 b(40)g(0.000)10 -b(000)g(000)f(000)h(909)g(494)g(701)g(772)f(928)h(237)g(915)g(039)g(062)g(5) -21 1672 y(2)g(199)g(023)g(255)g(552)51 b(41)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h -(454)g(747)g(350)g(886)f(464)h(118)g(957)g(519)g(531)g(25)21 -1703 y(4)g(398)g(046)g(511)g(104)51 b(42)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h(227)g -(373)g(675)g(443)f(232)h(059)g(478)g(759)g(765)g(625)21 1735 -y(8)g(796)g(093)g(022)g(208)51 b(43)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h(113)g(686) -g(837)g(721)f(616)h(029)g(739)g(379)g(882)g(812)f(5)4 1766 -y(17)h(592)g(186)g(044)g(416)51 b(44)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h(056)g -(843)g(418)g(860)f(808)h(014)g(869)g(689)g(941)g(406)f(25)4 -1798 y(35)h(184)g(372)g(088)g(832)51 b(45)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h(028) -g(421)g(709)g(430)f(404)h(007)g(434)g(844)g(970)g(703)f(125)4 -1830 y(70)h(368)g(744)g(177)g(664)51 b(46)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h(014) -g(210)g(854)g(715)f(202)h(003)g(717)g(422)g(485)g(351)f(562)h(5)-13 -1861 y(140)g(737)g(488)g(355)g(328)51 b(47)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h -(007)g(105)g(427)g(357)f(601)h(001)g(858)g(711)g(242)g(675)f(781)h(25)-13 -1893 y(281)g(474)g(976)g(710)g(656)51 b(48)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h -(003)g(552)g(713)g(678)f(800)h(500)g(929)g(355)g(621)g(337)f(890)h(625)-13 -1924 y(562)g(949)g(953)g(421)g(312)51 b(49)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h -(001)g(776)g(356)g(839)f(400)h(250)g(464)g(677)g(810)g(668)f(945)h(312)g(5) --40 1956 y(1)g(125)g(899)g(906)g(842)g(624)51 b(50)g(0.000)10 -b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(888)g(178)g(419)f(700)h(125)g(232)g(338)g(905)g -(334)f(472)h(656)g(25)-40 1987 y(2)g(251)g(799)g(813)g(685)g(248)51 -b(51)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(444)g(089)g(209)f(850)h(062)g(616)g -(169)g(452)g(667)f(236)h(328)g(125)-40 2019 y(4)g(503)g(599)g(627)g(370)g -(496)51 b(52)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(222)g(044)g(604)f(925)h -(031)g(308)g(084)g(726)g(333)f(618)h(164)g(062)g(5)-40 2050 -y(9)g(007)g(199)g(254)g(740)g(992)51 b(53)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000) -g(111)g(022)g(302)f(462)h(515)g(654)g(042)g(363)g(166)f(809)h(082)g(031)g(25) --57 2082 y(18)g(014)g(398)g(509)g(481)g(984)51 b(54)g(0.000)10 -b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(055)g(511)g(151)f(231)h(257)g(827)g(021)g(181)g -(583)f(404)h(541)g(015)g(625)-57 2113 y(36)g(028)g(797)g(018)g(963)g(968)51 -b(55)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(027)g(755)g(575)f(615)h(628)g(913)g -(510)g(590)g(791)f(702)h(270)g(507)g(812)g(5)-57 2145 y(72)g(057)g(594)g(037) -g(927)g(936)51 b(56)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(013)g(877)g(787)f -(807)h(814)g(456)g(755)g(295)g(395)f(851)h(135)g(253)g(906)g(25)-73 -2177 y(144)f(115)h(188)g(075)g(855)g(872)51 b(57)g(0.000)10 -b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(006)g(938)g(893)f(903)h(907)g(228)g(377)g(647)g -(697)f(925)h(567)g(626)g(953)g(125)-73 2208 y(288)f(230)h(376)g(151)g(711)g -(744)51 b(58)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(003)g(469)g(446)f(951)h -(953)g(614)g(188)g(823)g(848)f(962)h(783)g(813)g(476)g(562)g(5)-73 -2240 y(576)f(460)h(752)g(303)g(423)g(488)51 b(59)g(0.000)10 -b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(001)g(734)g(723)f(475)h(976)g(807)g(094)g(411)g -(924)f(481)h(391)g(906)g(738)g(281)g(25)-101 2271 y(1)h(152)e(921)h(504)g -(606)g(846)g(976)51 b(60)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(000)g(867)g -(361)f(737)h(988)g(403)g(547)g(205)g(962)f(240)h(695)g(953)g(369)g(140)g(625) --101 2303 y(2)h(305)e(843)h(009)g(213)g(693)g(952)51 b(61)g(0.000)10 -b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(000)g(433)g(680)f(868)h(994)g(201)g(773)g(602)g -(981)f(120)h(347)g(976)g(684)g(570)g(312)f(5)-101 2334 y(4)i(611)e(686)h(018) -g(427)g(387)g(904)51 b(62)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(000)g(216)g -(840)f(434)h(497)g(100)g(886)g(801)g(490)f(560)h(173)g(988)g(342)g(285)g(156) -f(25)-101 2366 y(9)i(223)e(372)h(036)g(854)g(775)g(808)51 b(63)g(0.000)10 -b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(000)g(108)g(420)f(217)h(248)g(550)g(443)g(400)g -(745)f(280)h(086)g(994)g(171)g(142)g(578)f(125)-118 2397 y(18)i(446)e(744)h -(073)g(709)g(551)g(616)51 b(64)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(000)g -(054)g(210)f(108)h(624)g(275)g(221)g(700)g(372)f(640)h(043)g(497)g(085)g(571) -g(289)f(062)h(5)-118 2429 y(36)h(893)e(488)h(147)g(419)g(103)g(232)51 -b(65)g(0.000)10 b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(000)g(027)g(105)f(054)h(312)g(137)g -(610)g(850)g(186)f(320)h(021)g(748)g(542)g(785)g(644)f(531)h(25)-118 -2461 y(73)h(786)e(976)h(294)g(838)g(206)g(464)51 b(66)g(0.000)10 -b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(000)g(013)g(552)f(527)h(156)g(068)g(805)g(425)g -(093)f(160)h(010)g(874)g(271)g(392)g(822)f(265)h(625)-134 2492 -y(147)g(573)f(952)h(589)g(676)g(412)g(928)51 b(67)g(0.000)10 -b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(000)g(006)g(776)f(263)h(578)g(034)g(402)g(712)g -(546)f(580)h(005)g(437)g(135)g(696)g(411)f(132)h(812)g(5)-134 -2524 y(295)g(147)f(905)h(179)g(352)g(825)g(856)51 b(68)g(0.000)10 -b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(000)g(003)g(388)f(131)h(789)g(017)g(201)g(356)g -(273)f(290)h(002)g(718)g(567)g(848)g(205)f(566)h(406)g(25)-134 -2555 y(590)g(295)f(810)h(358)g(705)g(651)g(712)51 b(69)g(0.000)10 -b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(000)g(001)g(694)f(065)h(894)g(508)g(600)g(678)g -(136)f(645)h(001)g(359)g(283)g(924)g(102)f(783)h(203)g(125)-162 -2587 y(1)h(180)f(591)f(620)h(717)g(411)g(303)g(424)51 b(70)g(0.000)10 -b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(000)g(000)g(847)f(032)h(947)g(254)g(300)g(339)g -(068)f(322)h(500)g(679)g(641)g(962)g(051)f(391)h(601)g(562)g(5)-162 -2618 y(2)h(361)f(183)f(241)h(434)g(822)g(606)g(848)51 b(71)g(0.000)10 -b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(000)g(000)g(423)f(516)h(473)g(627)g(150)g(169)g -(534)f(161)h(250)g(339)g(820)g(981)g(025)f(695)h(800)g(781)g(25)-162 -2650 y(4)h(722)f(366)f(482)h(869)g(645)g(213)g(696)51 b(72)g(0.000)10 -b(000)g(000)f(000)h(000)g(000)g(000)g(211)f(758)h(236)g(813)g(575)g(084)g -(767)f(080)h(625)g(169)g(910)g(490)g(512)f(847)h(900)g(390)g(625)p -eop -%%Page: 499 13 -499 12 bop 1888 50 a FE(499)150 542 y Fs(App)s(endix)34 b(B)150 -785 y FG(Character)39 b(Co)s(des)150 1037 y FE(The)16 b(follo)o(wing)c(c)o -(hart)k(presen)o(ts)h(the)f(7{bit)e(ASCI)q(I)h(co)q(de)h(no)o(w)f(used)h(in)f -(these)h(systems.)22 b(V)m(arious)15 b(v)o(ersions)h(of)150 -1087 y(this)g(co)q(de)h(dating)e(bac)o(k)h(to)g(1965)f(w)o(ere)j(used)f(at)e -(v)n(arious)h(p)q(oin)o(ts)g(in)f(the)i(ev)o(olution)e(of)h(the)g -(DECsystem{10,)150 1137 y(and)e(the)g(confusion)g(that)g(has)g(caused)h(con)o -(tin)o(ues)f(to)g(this)g(da)o(y)m(.)662 1222 y Fv(The)22 b(ASCI)r(I)h -(Character)g(Set)p 289 1408 2 75 v 347 1386 a FF(0)p 433 1408 -V 113 w(1)p 577 1408 V 99 w(2)p 689 1408 V 98 w(3)p 833 1408 -V 98 w(4)p 946 1408 V 83 w(5)p 1058 1408 V 82 w(6)p 1171 1408 -V 99 w(7)p 1315 1408 V 170 w(Sp)r(ecial)18 b(Characters)p 150 -1410 1166 2 v 175 1461 a(000)p 289 1483 2 75 v 49 w Fb(NUL)p -433 1483 V 577 1483 V 689 1483 V 833 1483 V 946 1483 V 1058 -1483 V 1171 1483 V 790 w(BEL)p 1315 1483 V 145 w(NUL)51 b FF(Null)19 -b(Character)p 150 1485 1166 2 v 175 1535 a(010)p 289 1558 2 -75 v 65 w Fb(BS)p 433 1558 V 82 w(HT)p 577 1558 V 66 w(LF)p -689 1558 V 67 w(VT)p 833 1558 V 66 w(FF)p 946 1558 V 50 w(CR)p -1058 1558 V 1171 1558 V 1315 1558 V 402 w(BEL)51 b FF(Bell)p -150 1559 1166 2 v 175 1610 a(020)p 289 1633 2 75 v 433 1633 -V 577 1633 V 689 1633 V 833 1633 V 946 1633 V 1058 1633 V 1171 -1633 V 1315 1633 V 1170 w Fb(BS)82 b FF(Bac)n(kspace)p 150 -1634 1166 2 v 175 1685 a(030)p 289 1707 2 75 v 433 1707 V 577 -1707 V 689 1707 V 450 w Fb(ESC)p 833 1707 V 946 1707 V 1058 -1707 V 1171 1707 V 1315 1707 V 627 w(HT)g FF(Horizon)n(tal)19 -b(T)-5 b(ab)p 150 1709 1166 2 v 175 1760 a(040)p 289 1782 2 -75 v 65 w Fb(SP)p 433 1782 V 98 w(!)p 577 1782 V 97 w(")p 689 -1782 V 97 w(#)p 833 1782 V 98 w($)p 946 1782 V 81 w(\045)p -1058 1782 V 82 w(&)p 1171 1782 V 97 w(')p 1315 1782 V 176 w(LF)82 -b FF(Line)19 b(F)-5 b(eed)p 150 1784 1166 2 v 175 1834 a(050)p -289 1857 2 75 v 81 w Fb(\()p 433 1857 V 113 w(\))p 577 1857 -V 97 w(*)p 689 1857 V 97 w(+)p 833 1857 V 98 w(,)p 946 1857 -V 81 w(-)p 1058 1857 V 82 w(.)p 1171 1857 V 97 w(/)p 1315 1857 -V 176 w(VT)82 b FF(V)-5 b(ertical)18 b(T)-5 b(ab)p 150 1858 -1166 2 v 175 1909 a(060)p 289 1931 2 75 v 81 w Fb(0)p 433 1931 -V 113 w(1)p 577 1931 V 97 w(2)p 689 1931 V 97 w(3)p 833 1931 -V 98 w(4)p 946 1931 V 81 w(5)p 1058 1931 V 82 w(6)p 1171 1931 -V 97 w(7)p 1315 1931 V 176 w(FF)82 b FF(F)-5 b(orm)19 b(F)-5 -b(eed)p 150 1933 1166 2 v 175 1984 a(070)p 289 2006 2 75 v -81 w Fb(8)p 433 2006 V 113 w(9)p 577 2006 V 97 w(:)p 689 2006 -V 97 w(;)p 833 2006 V 98 w(<)p 946 2006 V 81 w(=)p 1058 2006 -V 82 w(>)p 1171 2006 V 97 w(?)p 1315 2006 V 176 w(CR)82 b FF(Carriage)19 -b(Return)p 150 2008 1166 2 v 175 2058 a(100)p 289 2081 2 75 -v 81 w Fb(@)p 433 2081 V 113 w(A)p 577 2081 V 97 w(B)p 689 -2081 V 97 w(C)p 833 2081 V 98 w(D)p 946 2081 V 81 w(E)p 1058 -2081 V 82 w(F)p 1171 2081 V 97 w(G)p 1315 2081 V 176 w(ESC)51 -b FF(Escap)r(e)p 150 2083 1166 2 v 175 2133 a(110)p 289 2156 -2 75 v 81 w Fb(H)p 433 2156 V 113 w(I)p 577 2156 V 97 w(J)p -689 2156 V 97 w(K)p 833 2156 V 98 w(L)p 946 2156 V 81 w(M)p -1058 2156 V 82 w(N)p 1171 2156 V 97 w(O)p 1315 2156 V 176 w(SP)82 -b FF(Space)p 150 2157 1166 2 v 175 2208 a(120)p 289 2230 2 -75 v 81 w Fb(P)p 433 2230 V 113 w(Q)p 577 2230 V 97 w(R)p 689 -2230 V 97 w(S)p 833 2230 V 98 w(T)p 946 2230 V 81 w(U)p 1058 -2230 V 82 w(V)p 1171 2230 V 97 w(W)p 1315 2230 V 176 w(DEL)51 -b FF(Delete)p 150 2232 1166 2 v 175 2283 a(130)p 289 2305 2 -75 v 81 w Fb(X)p 433 2305 V 113 w(Y)p 577 2305 V 97 w(Z)p 689 -2305 V 97 w([)p 833 2305 V 98 w(\\)p 946 2305 V 81 w(])p 1058 -2305 V 82 w(^)p 1171 2305 V 1236 2283 19 2 v 1315 2305 2 75 -v 150 2307 1166 2 v 175 2357 a FF(140)p 289 2380 2 75 v 81 -w Fb(`)p 433 2380 V 113 w(a)p 577 2380 V 97 w(b)p 689 2380 -V 97 w(c)p 833 2380 V 98 w(d)p 946 2380 V 81 w(e)p 1058 2380 -V 82 w(f)p 1171 2380 V 97 w(g)p 1315 2380 V 150 2381 1166 2 -v 175 2432 a FF(150)p 289 2454 2 75 v 81 w Fb(h)p 433 2454 -V 113 w(i)p 577 2454 V 97 w(j)p 689 2454 V 97 w(k)p 833 2454 -V 98 w(l)p 946 2454 V 81 w(m)p 1058 2454 V 82 w(n)p 1171 2454 -V 97 w(o)p 1315 2454 V 150 2456 1166 2 v 175 2507 a FF(160)p -289 2529 2 75 v 81 w Fb(p)p 433 2529 V 113 w(q)p 577 2529 V -97 w(r)p 689 2529 V 97 w(s)p 833 2529 V 98 w(t)p 946 2529 V -81 w(u)p 1058 2529 V 82 w(v)p 1171 2529 V 97 w(w)p 1315 2529 -V 150 2531 1166 2 v 175 2581 a FF(170)p 289 2604 2 75 v 81 -w Fb(x)p 433 2604 V 113 w(y)p 577 2604 V 97 w(z)p 689 2604 -V 98 w Fa(f)p 833 2604 V 98 w Fb(|)p 946 2604 V 82 w Fa(g)p -1058 2604 V 82 w Fb(~)p 1171 2604 V 66 w(DEL)p 1315 2604 V -150 2606 1166 2 v eop -%%Page: 500 14 -500 13 bop 0 50 a FE(500)999 b Ft(APPENDIX)15 b(B.)27 b(CHARA)o(CTER)14 -b(CODES)p eop -%%Page: 501 15 -501 14 bop 1888 50 a FE(501)150 542 y Fs(App)s(endix)34 b(C)150 -785 y FG(Pro)s(cessor)41 b(Compatibilit)m(y)150 1037 y FE(This)11 -b(app)q(endix)g(details)g(some)f(di\013erences)k(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)e(the)g -(KL10)f(pro)q(cessor)i(and)e(the)h(XKL)1603 1033 y(-)1615 1037 -y(1)f(pro)q(cessor.)19 b(These)150 1087 y(di\013erences)i(can)d(b)q(e)h -(discerned)h(in)e(user)h(mo)q(de.)31 b(The)18 b(executiv)o(e)i(mo)q(de)d -(di\013erences)k(are)d(to)q(o)g(n)o(umerous)g(to)150 1137 y(include)d(here.) -23 b(The)16 b(c)o(hapter)g(dev)o(oted)g(to)f(XKL)940 1133 y(-)952 -1137 y(1)g(pro)q(cessor)i(System)e(Op)q(erations)h(should)f(b)q(e)h(compared) -e(to)150 1187 y(the)g(section)h(on)f(KL10)f(System)h(Op)q(erations.)212 -1314 y FC(\017)21 b FE(In)c(the)h Fx(BL)m(T)f FE(instruction,)h(the)g(KL10)f -(computes)g(the)h(ending)g(v)n(alue)e(for)h(the)h Fx(BL)m(T)f -FE(A)o(C)h(and)f(stores)h(it)254 1363 y(in)e(A)o(C)h(b)q(efore)g(mo)o(ving)d -(an)o(y)i(data.)26 b(The)17 b(XKL)1036 1359 y(-)1048 1363 y(1)g(pro)q(cessor) -h(stores)g(the)f Fx(BL)m(T)g FE(A)o(C)f(at)h(the)g(end)g(of)f(the)254 -1413 y(instruction)e(\(unless)h(A)o(C)f(and)f(E)h(are)h(equal\).)345 -1546 y Fw(MOVSI)21 b(0,400)260 b(;put)21 b(400,,0)g(in)g(0)345 -1596 y(BLT)g(0,1)348 b(;copy)21 b(contents)f(of)i(400)f(to)g(0)h(and)f -(contents)f(of)h(401)h(to)f(1)254 1762 y FE(In)g(the)g(KL10,)g(the)h(result)f -(is)g(indeterminate:)31 b(usually)m(,)21 b(a)f(cop)o(y)h(of)f(400)g(will)f(b) -q(e)j(found)e(in)g(A)o(C)h(0,)254 1812 y(ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)10 -b(an)f(in)o(terrupt)i(ma)o(y)c(in)o(terv)o(ene,)k(whic)o(h)e(w)o(ould)g -(result)h(in)f(A)o(C)h(0)f(con)o(taining)f(402000002)g(after)h(the)254 -1862 y(instruction.)17 b(In)12 b(the)g(XKL)689 1858 y(-)701 -1862 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor,)j(A)o(C)d(0)g(will)f(alw)o(a)o(ys)h(con)o(tain)g -(402000002)e(after)j(the)g(instruction.)254 1928 y(As)k(men)o(tioned)f(in)g -(the)h(description)h(of)e Fx(BL)m(T)p FE(,)g(this)h(construct)h(is)f -(de\014ned)g(as)g(b)q(eing)g(indeterminate.)23 b(It)254 1978 -y(should)13 b(b)q(e)i(a)o(v)o(oided.)254 2044 y(This)h(di\013erence)j(b)q(et) -o(w)o(een)f(the)f(KL10)g(and)f(the)i(XKL)1143 2040 y(-)1155 -2044 y(1)e(pro)q(cessor)j(is)d(sho)o(wn)h(most)f(distinctly)g(in)g(the)254 -2094 y(follo)o(wing:)345 2227 y Fw(SETZ)21 b(0,)345 2277 y(BLT)g(0,0)254 -2443 y FE(In)12 b(the)i(KL10,)e(the)h(result)g(in)g(0)f(is)h(1,,1;)e(in)h -(the)h(XKL)1102 2439 y(-)1114 2443 y(1)g(pro)q(cessor)h(it)e(is)h(zero.)18 -b(The)c(KL10)e(computes)g(the)254 2493 y(ending)k(v)n(alue)f(of)h(the)h -Fx(BL)m(T)f FE(A)o(C)g(and)g(stores)i(it)d(in)h(0)g(b)q(efore)h(cop)o(ying)f -(0)g(to)g(0.)24 b(The)17 b(XKL)1733 2489 y(-)1745 2493 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)254 -2542 y(do)q(es)i(not)e(store)i(the)g(ending)f(v)n(alue,)f(b)q(ecause)j(it)e -(recognizes)h(that)f(the)h(last)f(address)h(stored)g(in)e(is)h(the)254 -2592 y Fx(BL)m(T)d FE(A)o(C.)p eop -%%Page: 502 16 -502 15 bop 0 50 a FE(502)814 b Ft(APPENDIX)15 b(C.)27 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)14 -b(COMP)m(A)m(TIBILITY)62 195 y FC(\017)21 b FE(The)g Fx(GFSC)e -FE(instruction)i(ma)o(y)e(signal)g(extreme)i(under\015o)o(w)g(as)f(o)o(v)o -(er\015o)o(w)h(and)f(extreme)h(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)f(as)104 -245 y(under\015o)o(w)14 b(in)g(the)h(KL10.)k(In)14 b(the)h(XKL)761 -241 y(-)773 245 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor,)i(extreme)e(under\015o)o(w)h(is)f(rep)q -(orted)i(as)e(under\015o)o(w,)104 295 y(and)f(extreme)i(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)e -(is)h(rep)q(orted)h(as)f(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w.)62 378 y FC(\017)21 -b FE(The)13 b Fx(GSNGL)g FE(instruction)h(in)e(the)i(KL10)f(stores)h(a)f -(result)g(in)g(A)o(C)g(when)g(the)h(G{format)d(op)q(erand)i(has)g(an)104 -428 y(exp)q(onen)o(t)i(in)e(the)h(range)h(1570)600 434 y Fp(8)631 -428 y FE(to)f(1577)766 434 y Fp(8)783 428 y FE(.)k(The)d(XKL)990 -424 y(-)1002 428 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)h(do)q(es)g(not)f(a\013ect)h(A)o(C)e(in)h -(this)g(case.)62 511 y FC(\017)21 b FE(A)13 b Fx(LDB)g FE(using)g(a)f(one{w)o -(ord)h(global)f(b)o(yte)h(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(that)g(sp)q(eci\014es)i(the)f -(non{existen)o(t)f(b)o(yte)g(to)g(the)h(left)f(of)104 560 y(the)i(real)f(b)o -(ytes)h(in)f(a)h(w)o(ord)f(pro)q(duces)i(di\013eren)o(t)f(results)h(on)e(the) -h(KL10)g(and)f(the)h(XKL)1515 556 y(-)1527 560 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor.)22 -b(In)104 610 y(the)15 b(KL10,)f(the)i(e\013ect)g(is)f(to)g(cop)o(y)f(the)i(b) -o(yte)f(p)q(oin)o(ter)g(to)g(A)o(C.)f(In)h(the)g(XKL)1341 606 -y(-)1353 610 y(1)g(pro)q(cessor,)h(the)g(result)f(is)104 660 -y(zero)g(in)e(A)o(C.)195 793 y Fw(LDB)21 b(AC,[610000,,0])104 -959 y FE(In)16 b(the)g(KL10,)f(A)o(C)h(will)e(con)o(tain)h(a)h(cop)o(y)g(of)f -(A)o(C)g(0)h(\(the)g(address)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(in)f(bits)f(6{35)g(of)g(the)i -(b)o(yte)104 1009 y(p)q(oin)o(ter\).)h(In)c(the)h(XKL)494 1005 -y(-)506 1009 y(1)e(pro)q(cessor,)j(A)o(C)d(will)g(con)o(tain)g(0.)62 -1092 y FC(\017)21 b FE(In)14 b(the)g(follo)o(wing)d(sequence,)16 -b(in)d(whic)o(h)h(A)o(C)g(is)g(not)g(0,)195 1225 y Fw(MOVSI)21 -b(AC,400000)172 b(;the)21 b(negative)f(number)h(of)g(largest)g(magitude)195 -1274 y(ADJBP)g(AC,[430100,,0])62 b(;POINT)21 b(1,0,0)104 1440 -y FE(the)14 b(KL10)e(copies)i(the)g(b)o(yte)g(p)q(oin)o(ter)f(to)g(A)o(C.)g -(The)g(XKL)1024 1436 y(-)1036 1440 y(1)g(pro)q(cessor)i(p)q(erforms)e(the)h -(indicated)f(adjust-)104 1490 y(men)o(t)g(and)g(stores)j(the)e(result)h(in)e -(A)o(C.)62 1573 y FC(\017)21 b FE(In)10 b(the)i(KL10,)e Fx(DFMP)g -FE(do)q(es)h(rounding)f(in)g(a)h(manner)e(other)j(than)e(that)h(describ)q(ed) -h(in)e(this)h(man)o(ual.)j(After)104 1623 y(normalization,)e(if)i(the)i(1/2)e -(LSB)i(is)f(one,)g(one)g(is)g(added)g(to)g(the)h(LSB.)f(F)m(or)g(results)h -(that)f(are)h(negativ)o(e,)104 1673 y(this)h(v)n(aries)h(from)e(the)i -(describ)q(ed)h(b)q(eha)o(vior)e(in)g(the)h(case)h(where)f(1/2)f(LSB)h(is)f -(one)h(and)f(there)i(are)f(no)104 1723 y(other)c(bits)g(that)g(are)g(1)g(to)g -(the)g(righ)o(t)g(of)f(the)h(1/2)g(LSB.)p eop -%%Page: 503 17 -503 16 bop 1888 50 a FE(503)150 542 y Fs(App)s(endix)34 b(D)150 -785 y FG(In)m(ternal)41 b(Device)g(Bit)g(Assignmen)m(ts)150 -1062 y Fv(D.1)69 b(XKL)475 1057 y(-)495 1062 y(1)23 b(pro)r(cessor)h(In)n -(ternal)e(Device)f(Bit)h(Assignme)o(n)n(ts)150 1189 y FE(Bus)15 -b(Address)g(W)m(ord:)p 150 1335 1495 2 v 149 1334 2 100 v 150 -1235 1495 2 v 1644 1334 2 100 v 274 1346 2 13 v 398 1346 V -523 1346 V 647 1346 V 772 1346 V 896 1355 2 21 v 1021 1346 -2 13 v 1145 1346 V 1270 1346 V 1394 1346 V 1519 1346 V 162 -1364 a Fp(0)p 191 1334 2 100 v -17 w(0)p 149 1334 V 151 1298 -a Fz(D)246 1364 y Fp(2)p 274 1334 V -59 w(1)p 191 1334 V 191 -w(6)p 440 1334 V -142 w(3)p 274 1334 V 323 1278 a Fz(Slot)287 -1319 y(Numb)n(er)1607 1364 y Fp(35)p 1644 1334 V -1188 w(7)p -440 1334 V 870 1299 a Fz(In{Mo)n(dule)h(A)n(ddr)n(ess)150 1503 -y FE(P)o(age)e(map)e(p)q(oin)o(ter)i(w)o(ord)g(formats)e(\(sup)q(ersection)k -(p)q(oin)o(ters)f(and)f(section)g(p)q(oin)o(ters)h(are)f(similar\):)p -399 1782 1495 2 v 398 1781 2 150 v 399 1632 1495 2 v 1893 1781 -2 150 v 523 1794 2 13 v 647 1794 V 772 1794 V 896 1794 V 1021 -1794 V 1145 1802 2 21 v 1270 1794 2 13 v 1394 1794 V 1519 1794 -V 1644 1794 V 1768 1794 V 453 1811 a Fp(1)p 481 1781 2 150 -v -58 w(0)p 398 1781 V 431 1718 a FD(0)1856 1811 y Fp(35)p -1893 1781 V -1395 w(2)p 481 1781 V 1011 1716 a Ff(A)o(vailable)d(to)i -(Softwar)n(e)150 1721 y Fz(No)i(A)n(c)n(c)n(ess)160 2027 y(Imme)n(diate)150 -2068 y(In{Memory)p 399 2112 1495 2 v 398 2112 2 150 v 399 1963 -1495 2 v 1893 2112 2 150 v 523 2124 2 13 v 647 2124 V 772 2124 -V 896 2124 V 1021 2124 V 1145 2132 2 21 v 1270 2124 2 13 v -1394 2124 V 1519 2124 V 1644 2124 V 1768 2124 V 453 2142 a -Fp(1)p 481 2112 2 150 v -58 w(0)p 398 2112 V 431 2049 a FD(1)495 -2142 y Fp(2)p 523 2112 V -17 w(2)p 481 2112 V 480 2050 a Ff(W)578 -2142 y Fp(4)p 606 2112 V -59 w(3)p 523 2112 V 534 2050 a Ff(Swr)702 -2142 y Fp(7)p 730 2112 V -100 w(5)p 606 2112 V 659 2049 a FD(0)744 -2142 y Fp(8)p 772 2112 V -17 w(8)p 730 2112 V 734 2050 a Ff(X)785 -2142 y Fp(9)p 813 2112 V -17 w(9)p 772 2112 V 775 2050 a Ff(D)860 -2142 y Fp(11)p 896 2112 V -76 w(10)p 813 2112 V 846 2049 a -FD(0)1026 2142 y Fp(15)p 1062 2112 V -159 w(12)p 896 2112 V -948 2031 a Ff(Slot)915 2069 y(Numb)n(er)1856 2142 y Fp(35)p -1893 2112 V -823 w(16)p 1062 2112 V 1249 2021 a Ff(In{Mo)n(dule)d(A)n(ddr)n -(ess)f(of)i(Page)1273 2069 y(for)h(Mapping)e(\(Bits)g(7{26\))160 -2337 y Fz(Imme)n(diate)222 2378 y(Not)150 2419 y(In{Memory)p -399 2443 1495 2 v 398 2442 2 150 v 399 2293 1495 2 v 1893 2442 -2 150 v 523 2455 2 13 v 647 2455 V 772 2455 V 896 2455 V 1021 -2455 V 1145 2463 2 21 v 1270 2455 2 13 v 1394 2455 V 1519 2455 -V 1644 2455 V 1768 2455 V 453 2472 a Fp(1)p 481 2442 2 150 -v -58 w(0)p 398 2442 V 431 2379 a FD(1)495 2472 y Fp(2)p 523 -2442 V -17 w(2)p 481 2442 V 480 2380 a Ff(W)578 2472 y Fp(4)p -606 2442 V -59 w(3)p 523 2442 V 534 2380 a Ff(Swr)702 2472 -y Fp(7)p 730 2442 V -100 w(5)p 606 2442 V 624 2361 a Ff(Non{)631 -2399 y(Zer)n(o)1856 2472 y Fp(35)p 1893 2442 V -1146 w(8)p -730 2442 V 981 2377 a Ff(A)o(vailable)e(to)j(Softwar)n(e)g(\(Backup)e(A)n -(ddr)n(ess\))p eop -%%Page: 504 18 -504 17 bop 0 50 a FE(504)618 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(D.)27 b(INTERNAL)14 -b(DEVICE)g(BIT)h(ASSIGNMENTS)p 249 383 1495 2 v 248 382 2 150 -v 249 233 1495 2 v 1743 382 2 150 v 373 394 2 13 v 497 394 -V 622 394 V 746 394 V 871 394 V 995 403 2 21 v 1120 394 2 13 -v 1244 394 V 1369 394 V 1494 394 V 1618 394 V 303 412 a Fp(1)p -331 382 2 150 v -58 w(0)p 248 382 V 281 319 a FD(2)345 412 -y Fp(2)p 373 382 V -17 w(2)p 331 382 V 330 320 a Ff(W)428 412 -y Fp(4)p 456 382 V -59 w(3)p 373 382 V 384 320 a Ff(Swr)793 -412 y Fp(13)p 829 382 V -358 w(5)p 456 382 V 570 320 a Ff(R)n(eserve)n(d)1706 -412 y Fp(35)p 1743 382 V -906 w(14)p 829 382 V 997 294 a Ff(Index)d(to)h(SPT) -h(L)n(o)n(c)n(ation)d(Containing)1065 339 y(Page)i(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(for)h -(Mapping)0 322 y Fz(Shar)n(e)n(d)p 249 713 1495 2 v 248 712 -2 150 v 249 564 1495 2 v 1743 712 2 150 v 373 725 2 13 v 497 -725 V 622 725 V 746 725 V 871 725 V 995 733 2 21 v 1120 725 -2 13 v 1244 725 V 1369 725 V 1494 725 V 1618 725 V 303 742 -a Fp(1)p 331 712 2 150 v -58 w(0)p 248 712 V 280 651 a FE(3)345 -742 y Fp(2)p 373 712 V -17 w(2)p 331 712 V 328 652 a Fz(W)428 -742 y Fp(4)p 456 712 V -59 w(3)p 373 712 V 381 652 a Fz(Swr)793 -742 y Fp(13)p 829 712 V -358 w(5)p 456 712 V 552 627 a Fz(Page)j(Map)594 -677 y(Index)1706 742 y Fp(35)p 1743 712 V -906 w(14)p 829 712 -V 973 623 a Fz(Index)g(to)f(SPT)g(L)n(o)n(c)n(ation)g(Containing)963 -673 y(Page)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(of)h(A)o(nother)g(Page)g(Map)0 -652 y(Indir)n(e)n(ct)0 860 y FE(Data)e(for)h Fx(WREBR)p FE(:)p -0 1093 1495 2 v -1 1093 2 150 v 0 944 1495 2 v 1494 1093 2 -150 v 124 1105 2 13 v 248 1105 V 373 1105 V 497 1105 V 622 -1105 V 746 1113 2 21 v 871 1105 2 13 v 995 1105 V 1120 1105 -V 1244 1105 V 1369 1105 V 12 1123 a Fp(0)p 41 1093 2 150 v --17 w(0)p -1 1093 V 4 1012 a Ff(E)4 1050 y(P)54 1123 y Fp(1)p -82 1093 V -17 w(1)p 41 1093 V 46 1012 a Ff(L)45 1050 y(E)345 -1123 y Fp(8)p 373 1093 V -266 w(2)p 82 1093 V 219 1030 a FD(0)386 -1123 y Fp(9)p 414 1093 V -17 w(9)p 373 1093 V 376 993 a Ff(C)379 -1031 y(S)376 1069 y(H)461 1123 y Fp(11)p 497 1093 V -76 w(10)p -414 1093 V 447 1030 a FD(0)627 1123 y Fp(15)p 663 1093 V -159 -w(12)p 497 1093 V 549 1012 a Ff(Slot)516 1050 y(Numb)n(er)1457 -1123 y Fp(35)p 1494 1093 V -823 w(16)p 663 1093 V 850 1002 -a Ff(In{Mo)n(dule)e(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(of)i(Page)907 1050 y(for)g(EPT)h(\(Bits)f -(7{26\))0 1240 y FE(Data)g(for)h Fx(WRUBR)p FE(:)p 0 1474 1495 -2 v -1 1473 2 150 v 0 1324 1495 2 v 1494 1473 2 150 v 124 1485 -2 13 v 248 1485 V 373 1485 V 497 1485 V 622 1485 V 746 1494 -2 21 v 871 1485 2 13 v 995 1485 V 1120 1485 V 1244 1485 V 1369 -1485 V 345 1503 a Fp(8)p 373 1473 2 150 v -350 w(0)p -1 1473 -V 177 1410 a FD(0)386 1503 y Fp(9)p 414 1473 V -17 w(9)p 373 -1473 V 376 1373 a Ff(C)379 1411 y(S)376 1449 y(H)461 1503 y -Fp(11)p 497 1473 V -76 w(10)p 414 1473 V 447 1410 a FD(0)627 -1503 y Fp(15)p 663 1473 V -159 w(12)p 497 1473 V 549 1392 a -Ff(Slot)516 1430 y(Numb)n(er)1457 1503 y Fp(35)p 1494 1473 -V -823 w(16)p 663 1473 V 850 1383 a Ff(In{Mo)n(dule)e(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(of)i -(Page)905 1430 y(for)h(UPT)f(\(Bits)g(7{26\))0 1621 y FE(CST)h(en)o(try)g -(format.)j(State)d(co)q(des)h(in)e(the)i(range)f(0{7)f(cause)i(\\age")e -(traps.)p 0 1733 1495 2 v -1 1733 2 75 v 0 1659 1495 2 v 1494 -1733 2 75 v 124 1745 2 13 v 248 1745 V 373 1745 V 497 1745 -V 622 1745 V 746 1753 2 21 v 871 1745 2 13 v 995 1745 V 1120 -1745 V 1244 1745 V 1369 1745 V 345 1763 a Fp(8)p 373 1733 2 -75 v -350 w(0)p -1 1733 V 89 1710 a Fz(State)i(Co)n(de)1374 -1763 y Fp(33)p 1411 1733 V -1022 w(9)p 373 1733 V 701 1706 -a Fz(A)o(vailable)g(to)f(Softwar)n(e)1374 1763 y Fp(33)p 1411 -1733 V -34 w(33)p 1369 1733 V 1372 1709 a Fz(C)1416 1763 y -Fp(34)p 1452 1733 V -34 w(34)p 1411 1733 V 1407 1709 a Fz(W)1457 -1763 y Fp(35)p 1494 1733 V -34 w(35)p 1452 1733 V 1451 1709 -a Fz(M)0 1885 y FE(Data)f(for)h Fx(WRCSTM)p 0 1989 1495 2 v --1 1988 2 75 v 0 1914 1495 2 v 1494 1988 2 75 v 124 2001 2 -13 v 248 2001 V 373 2001 V 497 2001 V 622 2001 V 746 2009 2 -21 v 871 2001 2 13 v 995 2001 V 1120 2001 V 1244 2001 V 1369 -2001 V 1333 2018 a Fp(32)p 1369 1988 2 75 v -1355 w(0)p -1 -1988 V 532 1965 a Fz(CST)g(Mask)i(Wor)n(d)1457 2018 y Fp(35)p -1494 1988 V -117 w(33)p 1369 1988 V 1380 1964 a FE(1)21 b(1)f(1)0 -2140 y(Data)13 b(for)h Fx(WRPUR)p 0 2245 1495 2 v -1 2244 2 -75 v 0 2170 1495 2 v 1494 2244 2 75 v 124 2257 2 13 v 248 2257 -V 373 2257 V 497 2257 V 622 2257 V 746 2265 2 21 v 871 2257 -2 13 v 995 2257 V 1120 2257 V 1244 2257 V 1369 2257 V 1333 -2274 a Fp(32)p 1369 2244 2 75 v -1355 w(0)p -1 2244 V 446 2217 -a Fz(CST)h(Pr)n(o)n(c)n(ess{Use)f(R)n(e)n(gister)1457 2274 -y Fp(35)p 1494 2244 V -117 w(33)p 1369 2244 V 1380 2220 a FE(0)21 -b(0)f(0)p eop -%%Page: 505 19 -505 18 bop 150 50 a Ft(D.1.)31 b(XKL)349 46 y(-)361 50 y(1)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(INTERNAL)g(DEVICE)g(BIT)g(ASSIGNMENTS)412 -b FE(505)150 195 y(P)o(age{F)m(ailure)13 b(or)h Fx(MAP)f FE(double)h(w)o -(ord:)p 150 499 1495 2 v 149 498 2 250 v 150 250 1495 2 v 1644 -498 2 250 v 274 510 2 13 v 398 510 V 523 510 V 647 510 V 772 -510 V 896 519 2 21 v 1021 510 2 13 v 1145 510 V 1270 510 V -1394 510 V 1519 510 V 150 374 1495 2 v 162 528 a Fp(0)p 191 -498 2 125 v -17 w(0)p 149 498 V 151 450 a Fz(D)412 528 y Fp(6)p -440 498 V -142 w(3)p 274 498 V 323 429 a Fz(Slot)287 471 y(Numb)n(er)1607 -528 y Fp(35)p 1644 498 V -1188 w(7)p 440 498 V 870 450 a Fz(In{Mo)n(dule)i(A) -n(ddr)n(ess)162 528 y Fp(0)p 191 373 V -17 w(0)p 149 373 V -151 325 a Fz(U)204 528 y Fp(1)p 232 373 V -17 w(1)p 191 373 -V 193 325 a Fz(V)246 528 y Fp(2)p 274 373 V -17 w(2)p 232 373 -V 229 305 a Fz(W)236 346 y(P)287 528 y Fp(3)p 315 373 V -17 -w(3)p 274 373 V 276 325 a Fz(A)329 528 y Fp(4)p 357 373 V -17 -w(4)p 315 373 V 318 325 a Fz(C)370 528 y Fp(5)p 398 373 V -17 -w(5)p 357 373 V 361 325 a Fz(F)412 528 y Fp(6)p 440 373 V -17 -w(6)p 398 373 V 409 324 a FE(0)860 528 y Fp(17)p 896 373 V --242 w(12)p 647 373 V 710 305 a Fz(F)m(ailur)n(e)728 346 y(Co)n(de)150 -666 y FE(P)o(ager)e(T)m(ranslation)f(Bu\013er)i(\(PTB\))g(tag)e(and)h(data)f -(format:)p 150 927 1628 2 v 149 926 2 150 v 150 777 1628 2 -v 1776 926 2 150 v 149 768 2 42 v 1776 768 V 155 865 a Fz(U)p -199 926 2 150 v 19 w(V)p 249 926 V 341 841 a(Page)i(ID)278 -890 y(VMA)f(bits)h(6{13)p 581 768 2 42 v 581 926 2 150 v 578 -865 a(W)p 631 926 V 637 867 a(A)p 681 926 V 19 w(C)p 730 926 -V 19 w(D)p 780 926 V 834 845 a(Slot)798 886 y(Numb)n(er)p 954 -926 V 1143 837 a(In{Mo)n(dule)h(Page)f(A)n(ddr)n(ess)1280 886 -y(Bits)g(7{26)281 753 y FE(P)o(age)f(T)m(ag)p 150 744 104 2 -v 150 743 a Fl(\033)p 478 744 V 348 w(-)997 753 y FE(P)o(age)g(Mapping)f -(Data)p 582 744 374 2 v 582 743 a Fl(\033)p 1404 744 V 1112 -w(-)150 1041 y FE(Data)g(for)h Fx(WRCTX)p 150 1236 1495 2 v -149 1236 2 150 v 150 1087 1495 2 v 1644 1236 2 150 v 274 1248 -2 13 v 398 1248 V 523 1248 V 647 1248 V 772 1248 V 896 1256 -2 21 v 1042 1248 2 13 v 1187 1248 V 1260 1248 V 1374 1248 V -1488 1248 V 162 1266 a Fp(0)p 191 1236 2 150 v -17 w(0)p 149 -1236 V 155 1155 a Fz(S)151 1196 y(A)204 1266 y Fp(1)p 232 1236 -V -17 w(1)p 191 1236 V 196 1155 a Fz(S)196 1196 y(S)860 1266 -y Fp(17)p 896 1236 V -648 w(2)p 232 1236 V 555 1174 a FE(0)907 -1138 y Fh(Curr)n(ent)941 1171 y(A)o(C)926 1203 y(Blo)n(ck)900 -1267 y Fn(18)68 b(20)p 1042 1236 V 1047 1122 a Fh(Pr)n(evious)1053 -1154 y(Context)1087 1187 y(A)o(C)1071 1219 y(Blo)n(ck)1046 -1267 y Fn(21)f(23)p 1187 1236 V 1257 1155 a Fz(Pr)n(evious)15 -b(Context)1347 1196 y(Se)n(ction)1191 1267 y Fn(24)379 b(35)150 -1404 y FE(Data)13 b(for)h Fx(APRID)683 1485 y FE(Pro)q(cessor)h(Iden)o -(ti\014cation)f(T)m(riplew)o(ord)150 1593 y Fz(E)150 1716 y(E)5 -b FE(+1)150 1840 y Fz(E)g FE(+2)p 254 1891 1495 2 v 253 1890 -2 374 v 254 1517 1495 2 v 1747 1890 2 374 v 377 1902 2 13 v -502 1902 V 627 1902 V 751 1902 V 876 1902 V 1000 1911 2 21 -v 1125 1902 2 13 v 1249 1902 V 1374 1902 V 1498 1902 V 1623 -1902 V 254 1766 1495 2 v 254 1642 V 349 1920 a Fp(2)p 377 1599 -2 84 v -100 w(0)p 253 1599 V 269 1568 a Fz(T)m(yp)n(e)266 1920 -y Fp(0)p 294 1641 2 42 v -17 w(0)p 253 1641 V 264 1633 a FE(1)308 -1920 y Fp(1)p 336 1641 V -17 w(1)p 294 1641 V 306 1633 a FE(1)349 -1920 y Fp(2)p 377 1641 V -17 w(2)p 336 1641 V 347 1633 a FE(0)557 -1920 y Fp(7)p 585 1599 2 84 v -183 w(3)p 377 1599 V 414 1568 -a Fz(Subtyp)n(e)391 1920 y Fp(3)p 419 1641 2 42 v -17 w(3)p -377 1641 V 389 1633 a FE(0)432 1920 y Fp(4)p 461 1641 V -17 -w(4)p 419 1641 V 430 1633 a FE(0)474 1920 y Fp(5)p 502 1641 -V -17 w(5)p 461 1641 V 472 1633 a FE(0)515 1920 y Fp(6)p 544 -1641 V -17 w(6)p 502 1641 V 513 1633 a FE(0)557 1920 y Fp(7)p -585 1641 V -17 w(7)p 544 1641 V 555 1633 a FE(1)1545 1920 y -Fp(31)p 1581 1641 2 125 v -981 w(8)p 585 1641 V 954 1593 a -Fz(Serial)14 b(Numb)n(er)1669 1920 y Fp(34)p 1706 1641 V -117 -w(32)p 1581 1641 V 1596 1593 a Fz(Rsvd)1711 1920 y Fp(35)p -1747 1641 V -34 w(35)p 1706 1641 V 1708 1553 a Fz(R)1713 1594 -y(d)1713 1625 y(y)266 1920 y Fp(0)p 294 1765 V -17 w(0)p 253 -1765 V 259 1698 a Fz(J)260 1737 y(0)308 1920 y Fp(1)p 336 1765 -V -17 w(1)p 294 1765 V 301 1698 a Fz(J)301 1737 y(1)349 1920 -y Fp(2)p 377 1765 V -17 w(2)p 336 1765 V 343 1698 a Fz(J)343 -1737 y(2)391 1920 y Fp(3)p 419 1765 V -17 w(3)p 377 1765 V -384 1698 a Fz(J)384 1737 y(3)964 1920 y Fp(17)p 1000 1765 V --566 w(4)p 419 1765 V 546 1713 a Fz(Har)n(dwar)n(e)g(Options)1711 -1920 y Fp(35)p 1747 1765 V -740 w(18)p 1000 1765 V 1289 1697 -a Fz(Har)n(dwar)n(e)1298 1738 y(R)n(evision)964 1920 y Fp(17)p -1000 1890 V -732 w(0)p 253 1890 V 537 1818 a Fz(Micr)n(o)n(c)n(o)n(de)557 -1858 y(Options)1711 1920 y Fp(35)p 1747 1890 V -740 w(18)p -1000 1890 V 1285 1822 a Fz(Micr)n(o)n(c)n(o)n(de)1305 1862 -y(V)m(ersion)150 2058 y FE(Data)f(for)h Fx(WRITM)p 897 2254 -748 2 v 897 2105 V 901 2284 a Fp(18)p 938 2254 2 150 v -34 -w(18)p 896 2254 V 899 2152 a Fz(C)906 2193 y(I)899 2234 y(C)943 -2284 y Fp(19)p 979 2254 V -34 w(19)p 938 2254 V 940 2152 a -Fz(C)947 2193 y(I)942 2234 y(F)984 2284 y Fp(20)p 1021 2254 -V -34 w(20)p 979 2254 V 985 2152 a Fz(S)989 2193 y(I)983 2234 -y(P)1026 2284 y Fp(21)p 1062 2254 V -34 w(21)p 1021 2254 V -1027 2152 a Fz(S)1024 2193 y(P)1030 2234 y(I)1358 2284 y Fp(29)p -1394 2254 V -325 w(22)p 1062 2254 V 1093 2193 a Fz(Interval)g(Perio)n(d)1607 -2284 y Fp(35)p 1644 2254 V -117 w(33)p 1519 2254 V 1542 2149 -a Fz(Pri{)1539 2188 y(ority)1536 2238 y(L)n(evel)p eop -%%Page: 506 20 -506 19 bop 0 50 a FE(506)618 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(D.)27 b(INTERNAL)14 -b(DEVICE)g(BIT)h(ASSIGNMENTS)0 195 y FE(Data)e(for)h Fx(RDITM)p -0 391 1495 2 v -1 390 2 150 v 0 242 1495 2 v 1494 390 2 150 -v 124 403 2 13 v 248 403 V 373 403 V 497 403 V 622 403 V 746 -411 2 21 v 871 403 2 13 v 995 403 V 1120 403 V 1244 403 V 1369 -403 V 1457 420 a Fp(35)p 1494 390 2 150 v -1479 w(0)p -1 390 -V 1304 w(32)p 1369 390 V -34 w(32)p 1328 390 V 1334 284 a Fz(d)1334 -315 y(o)1333 345 y(n)1335 375 y(e)1457 420 y Fp(35)p 1494 390 -V -117 w(33)p 1369 390 V 1392 285 a Fz(Pri{)1389 325 y(ority)1386 -374 y(L)n(evel)0 559 y FE(Data)f(for)h Fx(RDTIME)p 0 705 1495 -2 v 0 605 V -1 704 2 100 v 1494 704 V 134 665 a Fz(High{Or)n(der)g(Part)g(of) -h(Count)p 746 704 V 12 736 a Fn(0)670 b(35)758 668 y FE(0)759 -736 y Fn(0)p 788 704 V 804 665 a Fz(L)n(ow{Or)n(der)13 b(Part)i(of)g(Count) -800 736 y Fn(1)107 b(8)24 b(9)255 b(24)p 1286 704 V 1312 669 -a Fz(R)n(eserve)n(d)1299 736 y Fn(25)112 b(35)800 777 y(36)72 -b(43)23 b(44)237 b(59)p 955 904 333 2 v 955 805 V 954 903 2 -100 v 1286 903 V 1047 868 a Fz(Counter)p 954 795 2 84 v 1286 -795 V 0 1039 a FE(Data)13 b(for)h Fx(WRAPR)p 747 1235 748 2 -v 747 1085 V 751 1264 a Fp(18)p 788 1234 2 150 v -34 w(18)p -746 1234 V 752 1132 a Fz(S)750 1173 y(P)756 1214 y(I)793 1264 -y Fp(19)p 829 1234 V -34 w(19)p 788 1234 V 797 1132 a Fz(I)789 -1173 y(O)790 1214 y(R)834 1264 y Fp(20)p 871 1234 V -34 w(20)p -829 1234 V 833 1132 a Fz(E)833 1173 y(P)832 1214 y(C)876 1264 -y Fp(21)p 912 1234 V -34 w(21)p 871 1234 V 873 1132 a Fz(D)874 -1173 y(P)873 1214 y(C)917 1264 y Fp(22)p 954 1234 V -34 w(22)p -912 1234 V 915 1132 a Fz(C)916 1173 y(P)915 1214 y(C)959 1264 -y Fp(23)p 995 1234 V -34 w(23)p 954 1234 V 960 1132 a Fz(S)957 -1173 y(P)957 1214 y(C)1167 1264 y Fp(28)p 1203 1234 V -201 -w(24)p 995 1234 V 1021 1173 a Fz(R)n(eserve)n(d)1208 1264 y -Fp(29)p 1244 1234 V -34 w(29)p 1203 1234 V 1212 1139 a Fz(I)1209 -1169 y(n)1214 1207 y(t)1250 1264 y Fp(30)p 1286 1234 V -34 -w(30)p 1244 1234 V 1250 1134 a Fz(S)1251 1175 y(h)1255 1213 -y(t)1291 1264 y Fp(31)p 1328 1234 V -34 w(31)p 1286 1234 V -1289 1138 a Fz(P)1290 1168 y(w)1290 1209 y(F)1457 1264 y Fp(35)p -1494 1234 V -117 w(33)p 1369 1234 V 1392 1129 a Fz(Pri{)1389 -1168 y(ority)1386 1218 y(L)n(evel)0 1402 y FE(Data)f(for)h -Fx(RD)o(APR)p 0 1598 1495 2 v -1 1597 2 150 v 0 1449 1495 2 -v 1494 1597 2 150 v 124 1610 2 13 v 248 1610 V 373 1610 V 497 -1610 V 622 1610 V 746 1618 2 21 v 871 1610 2 13 v 995 1610 -V 1120 1610 V 1244 1610 V 1369 1610 V 419 1628 a Fp(10)p 456 -1597 2 150 v -191 w(6)p 248 1597 V 272 1537 a FE(Reserv)o(ed)461 -1628 y Fp(11)p 497 1597 V -34 w(11)p 456 1597 V 465 1498 a -Fz(I)466 1536 y(t)459 1576 y(E)502 1628 y Fp(12)p 539 1597 -V -34 w(12)p 497 1597 V 503 1498 a Fz(S)508 1536 y(t)501 1576 -y(E)544 1628 y Fp(13)p 580 1597 V -34 w(13)p 539 1597 V 542 -1501 a Fz(P)542 1532 y(w)542 1573 y(E)1125 1628 y Fp(27)p 1161 -1597 V -159 w(24)p 995 1597 V 1033 1537 a FE(Rsvd)1167 1628 -y Fp(28)p 1203 1597 V -34 w(28)p 1161 1597 V 1163 1496 a Fz(N)1163 -1537 y(V)1164 1578 y(B)1208 1628 y Fp(29)p 1244 1597 V -34 -w(29)p 1203 1597 V 1212 1503 a Fz(I)1209 1533 y(n)1214 1571 -y(t)1250 1628 y Fp(30)p 1286 1597 V -34 w(30)p 1244 1597 V -1250 1497 a Fz(S)1251 1539 y(h)1255 1577 y(t)1291 1628 y Fp(31)p -1328 1597 V -34 w(31)p 1286 1597 V 1289 1501 a Fz(P)1290 1532 -y(w)1290 1573 y(F)1333 1628 y Fp(32)p 1369 1597 V -34 w(32)p -1328 1597 V 1337 1497 a Fz(I)1330 1538 y(R)1335 1568 y(q)1457 -1628 y Fp(35)p 1494 1597 V -117 w(33)p 1369 1597 V 1392 1492 -a Fz(Pri{)1389 1532 y(ority)1386 1581 y(L)n(evel)0 1766 y FE(Data)f(for)h -Fx(RDCTYS)p FE(,)e Fx(WRCTYS)p FE(,)h Fx(SZCTYS)p FE(,)h(and)f -Fx(SNCTYS)p 664 1970 831 2 v 664 1821 V 663 1969 2 150 v 1494 -1969 V 688 2001 a Fn(26)691 1868 y Fz(C)690 1909 y(O)690 1950 -y(N)p 746 1969 V 771 2001 a Fn(27)774 1868 y Fz(C)773 1909 -y(O)781 1950 y(I)p 829 1969 V 854 2001 a Fn(28)857 1868 y Fz(C)864 -1909 y(I)864 1950 y(I)p 912 1969 V 937 2001 a Fn(29)939 1868 -y Fz(O)947 1909 y(I)941 1950 y(E)p 995 1969 V 1020 2001 a Fn(30)1030 -1868 y Fz(I)1030 1909 y(I)1024 1950 y(E)p 1078 1969 V 1103 -2001 a Fn(31)1106 1868 y Fz(C)1105 1909 y(O)1106 1950 y(R)p -1161 1969 V 1186 2001 a Fn(32)1189 1868 y Fz(C)1196 1909 y(I)1189 -1950 y(R)p 1244 1969 V 1269 2001 a Fn(33)1298 1884 y Fz(Priority)1324 -1933 y(L)n(evel)1435 2001 y Fn(35)0 2138 y FE(Data)g(for)h -Fx(RDCTY)f FE(or)h Fx(WRCTY)p 830 2309 665 2 v 830 2184 V 829 -2308 2 125 v 1494 2308 V 854 2339 a Fn(28)957 2235 y Fz(Char)n(acter)g(R)n(e) -n(c)n(eive)n(d,)h(or)959 2285 y(Char)n(acter)f(to)h(T)m(r)n(ansmit)1435 -2339 y Fn(35)p eop -%%Page: 507 21 -507 20 bop 150 50 a Ft(D.1.)31 b(XKL)349 46 y(-)361 50 y(1)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(INTERNAL)g(DEVICE)g(BIT)g(ASSIGNMENTS)412 -b FE(507)150 195 y(Data)13 b(for)h Fx(WRPI)p 150 441 1495 2 -v 150 242 V 149 440 2 200 v 1644 440 V 398 440 V 406 277 a -Fp(Drop)403 315 y(Prgm)415 353 y(Req)421 391 y(On)412 424 y(Lvls)p -494 440 V 499 300 a(Clear)521 332 y(PI)505 365 y(Sys{)511 401 -y(tem)p 589 440 V 617 427 a Fn(Selected)9 b(Lev)o(els)595 271 -y Fp(Mak)o(e)594 304 y(Prgm)605 342 y(Req)612 380 y(On)p 685 -390 2 150 v 691 309 a Fn(T)m(urn)706 344 y(On)p 780 390 V 787 -309 a(T)m(urn)801 345 y(O\013)p 876 440 2 200 v 949 381 a(PI)912 -416 y(System)882 284 y(T)m(urn)896 320 y(O\013)p 971 340 2 -100 v 978 284 a(T)m(urn)992 319 y(On)p 1067 440 2 200 v 1205 -295 a Fz(Sele)n(ct)15 b(L)n(evels)g(for)1204 344 y(Bits)g(22,24,25,26)1092 -428 y(1)p 1145 440 2 50 v 60 w(2)p 1228 440 V 62 w(3)p 1311 -440 V 1339 424 a(4)p 1394 440 V 1422 428 a(5)p 1478 440 V 62 -w(6)p 1561 440 V 1588 424 a(7)180 471 y Fn(18)213 b(22)60 b(23)f(24)h(25)f -(26)h(27)f(28)51 b(29)45 b(30)i(31)g(32)g(33)g(34)g(35)150 -609 y FE(Data)13 b(for)h Fx(RDPI)p 150 805 1503 2 v 150 655 -V 149 804 2 150 v 1652 804 V 606 804 V 615 682 a Fh(Pr)n(o)n(gr)n(am)d(R)n(e) -n(quests)678 721 y(on)h(L)n(evels)618 785 y FD(1)p 647 804 -2 63 v 22 w(2)p 689 804 V 23 w(3)p 730 804 V 22 w(4)p 772 804 -V 23 w(5)p 813 804 V 22 w(6)p 855 804 V 23 w(7)p 896 804 2 -150 v 1021 804 V 1031 683 a Fh(Interrupt)f(Holding)1093 721 -y(on)h(L)n(evels)1033 785 y FD(1)p 1062 804 2 63 v 22 w(2)p -1104 804 V 23 w(3)p 1145 804 V 22 w(4)p 1187 804 V 23 w(5)p -1228 804 V 22 w(6)p 1270 804 V 23 w(7)p 1311 804 2 150 v 1315 -723 a Fh(PI)1310 755 y(On)p 1361 804 V 1429 702 a(L)n(evels)h(On)1373 -785 y FD(1)p 1403 804 2 63 v 23 w(2)p 1444 804 V 22 w(3)p 1486 -804 V 23 w(4)p 1527 804 V 22 w(5)p 1569 804 V 23 w(6)p 1610 -804 V 22 w(7)162 834 y Fp(0)432 b(11)7 b(12)h(13)f(14)h(15)f(16)h(17)132 -b(21)7 b(22)h(23)f(24)h(25)f(26)h(27)k(28)f(29)d(30)f(31)h(32)f(33)h(34)f(35) -150 972 y FE(Data)13 b(for)h Fx(D)o(WRPTB)416 1053 y FE(P)o(age)g(T)m -(ranslation)f(Bu\013er)i(T)m(ag)e(and)h(Data)f(T)m(riplew)o(ord)g(|)g(D)o -(WRPTB)p 254 1459 1495 2 v 253 1458 2 374 v 254 1085 1495 2 -v 1747 1458 2 374 v 377 1470 2 13 v 502 1470 V 627 1470 V 751 -1470 V 876 1470 V 1000 1479 2 21 v 1125 1470 2 13 v 1249 1470 -V 1374 1470 V 1498 1470 V 1623 1470 V 254 1334 1495 2 v 254 -1210 V 150 1161 a Fz(E)1805 1132 y FE(Supplied)1776 1182 y(b)o(y)h(Program) -266 1488 y Fp(0)p 294 1209 2 125 v -17 w(0)p 253 1209 V 264 -1162 a FE(*)308 1488 y Fp(1)p 336 1209 V -17 w(1)p 294 1209 -V 303 1120 a Fz(s)302 1150 y(e)307 1191 y(l)798 1488 y Fp(13)p -834 1209 V -483 w(2)p 336 1209 V 575 1162 a FE(*)1337 1488 -y Fp(26)p 1374 1209 V -532 w(14)p 834 1209 V 935 1161 a Fz(PTB)h(Line)g(Numb) -n(er)1711 1488 y Fp(35)p 1747 1209 V -366 w(27)p 1374 1209 -V 1551 1162 a FE(*)150 1284 y Fz(E)5 b FE(+1)1805 1257 y(Supplied)1776 -1306 y(b)o(y)14 b(Program)266 1488 y Fp(0)p 294 1333 V -17 -w(0)p 253 1333 V 255 1285 a Fz(U)308 1488 y Fp(1)p 336 1333 -V -17 w(1)p 294 1333 V 296 1285 a Fz(V)349 1488 y Fp(2)p 377 -1333 V -17 w(2)p 336 1333 V 340 1240 a Fz(w)344 1282 y(b)347 -1320 y(t)391 1488 y Fp(3)p 419 1333 V -17 w(3)p 377 1333 V -381 1239 a Fz(w)385 1280 y(b)384 1321 y(d)474 1488 y Fp(5)p -502 1333 V -59 w(4)p 419 1333 V 451 1287 a FE(*)798 1488 y -Fp(13)p 834 1333 V -317 w(6)p 502 1333 V 524 1261 a Fz(Pager)h(T)m(ag)g(Data) -570 1310 y(VMA)f(6{13)1711 1488 y Fp(35)p 1747 1333 V -906 -w(14)p 834 1333 V 1281 1287 a FE(*)150 1408 y Fz(E)5 b FE(+2)1805 -1381 y(Supplied)1776 1431 y(b)o(y)14 b(Program)308 1488 y Fp(1)p -336 1458 V -59 w(0)p 253 1458 V 285 1411 a FE(*)349 1488 y -Fp(2)p 377 1458 V -17 w(2)p 336 1458 V 333 1410 a Fz(W)391 -1488 y Fp(3)p 419 1458 V -17 w(3)p 377 1458 V 379 1410 a Fz(A)432 -1488 y Fp(4)p 461 1458 V -17 w(4)p 419 1458 V 422 1410 a Fz(C)598 -1488 y Fp(8)p 627 1458 V -141 w(5)p 461 1458 V 534 1411 a FE(*)640 -1488 y Fp(9)p 668 1458 V -17 w(9)p 627 1458 V 628 1410 a Fz(D)715 -1488 y Fp(11)p 751 1458 V -76 w(10)p 668 1458 V 700 1409 a -FE(0)881 1488 y Fp(15)p 917 1458 V -159 w(12)p 751 1458 V 800 -1389 a Fz(Slot)765 1431 y(Numb)n(er)1711 1488 y Fp(35)p 1747 -1458 V -823 w(16)p 917 1458 V 1110 1406 a Fz(In{Mo)n(dule)i(Page)f(A)n(ddr)n -(ess)150 1627 y FE(Data)e(for)h Fx(DRDPTB)421 1707 y FE(P)o(age)g(T)m -(ranslation)f(Bu\013er)i(T)m(ag)e(and)g(Data)h(T)m(riplew)o(ord)f(|)g(DRDPTB) -p 254 2113 1495 2 v 253 2112 2 374 v 254 1739 1495 2 v 1747 -2112 2 374 v 377 2125 2 13 v 502 2125 V 627 2125 V 751 2125 -V 876 2125 V 1000 2133 2 21 v 1125 2125 2 13 v 1249 2125 V -1374 2125 V 1498 2125 V 1623 2125 V 254 1989 1495 2 v 254 1864 -V 150 1815 a Fz(E)1805 1787 y FE(Supplied)1776 1836 y(b)o(y)h(Program)266 -2142 y Fp(0)p 294 1863 2 125 v -17 w(0)p 253 1863 V 264 1816 -a FE(*)308 2142 y Fp(1)p 336 1863 V -17 w(1)p 294 1863 V 303 -1774 a Fz(s)302 1804 y(e)307 1846 y(l)798 2142 y Fp(13)p 834 -1863 V -483 w(2)p 336 1863 V 575 1816 a FE(*)1337 2142 y Fp(26)p -1374 1863 V -532 w(14)p 834 1863 V 935 1815 a Fz(PTB)h(Line)g(Numb)n(er)1711 -2142 y Fp(35)p 1747 1863 V -366 w(27)p 1374 1863 V 1551 1816 -a FE(*)150 1938 y Fz(E)5 b FE(+1)1796 1915 y(Returned)1776 -1956 y(to)14 b(Program)266 2142 y Fp(0)p 294 1988 V -17 w(0)p -253 1988 V 255 1940 a Fz(U)308 2142 y Fp(1)p 336 1988 V -17 -w(1)p 294 1988 V 296 1940 a Fz(V)349 2142 y Fp(2)p 377 1988 -V -17 w(2)p 336 1988 V 347 1904 a Fz(t)343 1934 y(p)344 1973 -y(e)391 2142 y Fp(3)p 419 1988 V -17 w(3)p 377 1988 V 384 1905 -a Fz(d)384 1936 y(p)385 1974 y(e)474 2142 y Fp(5)p 502 1988 -V -59 w(4)p 419 1988 V 451 1939 a FE(0)798 2142 y Fp(13)p 834 -1988 V -317 w(6)p 502 1988 V 524 1915 a Fz(Pager)h(T)m(ag)g(Data)570 -1964 y(VMA)f(6{13)1711 2142 y Fp(35)p 1747 1988 V -906 w(14)p -834 1988 V 1281 1939 a FE(0)150 2062 y Fz(E)5 b FE(+2)1796 -2040 y(Returned)1776 2081 y(to)14 b(Program)308 2142 y Fp(1)p -336 2112 V -59 w(0)p 253 2112 V 285 2063 a FE(0)349 2142 y -Fp(2)p 377 2112 V -17 w(2)p 336 2112 V 333 2064 a Fz(W)391 -2142 y Fp(3)p 419 2112 V -17 w(3)p 377 2112 V 379 2064 a Fz(A)432 -2142 y Fp(4)p 461 2112 V -17 w(4)p 419 2112 V 422 2064 a Fz(C)474 -2142 y Fp(5)p 502 2112 V -17 w(5)p 461 2112 V 467 2015 a Fz(p)468 -2064 y(b)467 2103 y(0)515 2142 y Fp(6)p 544 2112 V -17 w(6)p -502 2112 V 509 2015 a Fz(p)510 2064 y(b)509 2103 y(1)557 2142 -y Fp(7)p 585 2112 V -17 w(7)p 544 2112 V 550 2015 a Fz(p)551 -2064 y(b)550 2103 y(2)598 2142 y Fp(8)p 627 2112 V -17 w(8)p -585 2112 V 592 2015 a Fz(p)593 2064 y(b)592 2103 y(3)640 2142 -y Fp(9)p 668 2112 V -17 w(9)p 627 2112 V 628 2064 a Fz(D)715 -2142 y Fp(11)p 751 2112 V -76 w(10)p 668 2112 V 700 2063 a -FE(0)881 2142 y Fp(15)p 917 2112 V -159 w(12)p 751 2112 V 800 -2044 a Fz(Slot)765 2085 y(Numb)n(er)1711 2142 y Fp(35)p 1747 -2112 V -823 w(16)p 917 2112 V 1110 2060 a Fz(In{Mo)n(dule)i(Page)f(A)n(ddr)n -(ess)p eop -%%Page: 508 22 -508 21 bop 0 50 a FE(508)618 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(D.)27 b(INTERNAL)14 -b(DEVICE)g(BIT)h(ASSIGNMENTS)0 195 y FE(Data)e(for)h Fx(D)o(WRCSH)430 -276 y FE(Cac)o(he)h(T)m(ag)e(and)g(Data)g(T)m(riplew)o(ord)h(|)f(D)o(WR)o -(CSH)p 104 682 1495 2 v 103 681 2 374 v 104 308 1495 2 v 1597 -681 2 374 v 227 693 2 13 v 352 693 V 477 693 V 601 693 V 726 -693 V 850 702 2 21 v 975 693 2 13 v 1099 693 V 1224 693 V 1348 -693 V 1473 693 V 104 557 1495 2 v 104 433 V 0 631 a Fz(E)5 -b FE(+2)0 506 y Fz(E)g FE(+1)0 384 y Fz(E)1655 355 y FE(Supplied)1626 -405 y(b)o(y)14 b(Program)1655 480 y(Supplied)1626 529 y(b)o(y)g(Program)1655 -604 y(Supplied)1626 654 y(b)o(y)g(Program)116 711 y Fp(0)p -144 432 2 125 v -17 w(0)p 103 432 V 114 385 a FE(*)158 711 -y Fp(1)p 186 432 V -17 w(1)p 144 432 V 153 343 a Fz(s)152 373 -y(e)157 414 y(l)897 711 y Fp(19)p 933 432 V -732 w(2)p 186 -432 V 550 385 a FE(*)1436 711 y Fp(32)p 1473 432 V -532 w(20)p -933 432 V 1101 384 a Fz(Cache)h(Line)1561 711 y Fp(35)p 1597 -432 V -117 w(33)p 1473 432 V 1482 363 a Fz(Wor)n(d)1488 404 -y(Num)116 711 y Fp(0)p 144 556 V -17 w(0)p 103 556 V 114 510 -a FE(*)199 711 y Fp(2)p 227 556 V -58 w(1)p 144 556 V 176 507 -a FE(0)365 711 y Fp(6)p 394 556 V -141 w(3)p 227 556 V 277 -488 a Fz(Slot)241 529 y(Numb)n(er)897 711 y Fp(19)p 933 556 -V -524 w(7)p 394 556 V 492 484 a Fz(In{Mo)n(dule)h(A)n(ddr)n(ess)566 -525 y(PMA)f(7{19)980 711 y Fp(21)p 1016 556 V -76 w(20)p 933 -556 V 965 510 a FE(*)1021 711 y Fp(22)p 1058 556 V -34 w(22)p -1016 556 V 1020 463 a Fz(w)1024 505 y(b)1027 543 y(t)1063 711 -y Fp(23)p 1099 556 V -34 w(23)p 1058 556 V 1061 462 a Fz(w)1066 -503 y(b)1065 544 y(d)1436 711 y Fp(32)p 1473 556 V -366 w(24)p -1099 556 V 1276 510 a FE(*)1478 711 y Fp(33)p 1514 556 V -34 -w(33)p 1473 556 V 1475 508 a Fz(V)1519 711 y Fp(34)p 1556 556 -V -34 w(34)p 1514 556 V 1526 510 a FE(*)1561 711 y Fp(35)p -1597 556 V -34 w(35)p 1556 556 V 1555 508 a Fz(M)1561 711 y -Fp(35)p 1597 681 V -1479 w(0)p 103 681 V 807 633 a Fz(Data)0 -849 y FE(Data)e(for)h Fx(DRDCSH)435 930 y FE(Cac)o(he)g(T)m(ag)f(and)h(Data)f -(T)m(riplew)o(ord)g(|)g(DRDCSH)p 104 1336 1495 2 v 103 1335 -2 374 v 104 962 1495 2 v 1597 1335 2 374 v 227 1347 2 13 v -352 1347 V 477 1347 V 601 1347 V 726 1347 V 850 1356 2 21 v -975 1347 2 13 v 1099 1347 V 1224 1347 V 1348 1347 V 1473 1347 -V 104 1211 1495 2 v 104 1087 V 0 1285 a Fz(E)5 b FE(+2)0 1161 -y Fz(E)g FE(+1)0 1038 y Fz(E)1655 1009 y FE(Supplied)1626 1059 -y(b)o(y)14 b(Program)1646 1138 y(Returned)1626 1179 y(to)g(Program)1646 -1263 y(Returned)1626 1304 y(to)g(Program)116 1365 y Fp(0)p -144 1086 2 125 v -17 w(0)p 103 1086 V 114 1039 a FE(*)158 1365 -y Fp(1)p 186 1086 V -17 w(1)p 144 1086 V 153 997 a Fz(s)152 -1027 y(e)157 1068 y(l)897 1365 y Fp(19)p 933 1086 V -732 w(2)p -186 1086 V 550 1039 a FE(*)1561 1365 y Fp(35)p 1597 1024 2 -63 v -657 w(20)p 933 1024 V 1093 1003 a Fz(Cache)h(T)m(ag)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess) -1436 1365 y Fp(32)p 1473 1086 V -532 w(20)p 933 1086 V 1085 -1069 a Fz(Line)h(Numb)n(er)1561 1365 y Fp(35)p 1597 1086 V --117 w(33)p 1473 1086 V 1482 1069 a Fz(Wor)n(d)199 1365 y Fp(2)p -227 1211 2 125 v -100 w(0)p 103 1211 V 156 1162 a FE(0)365 -1365 y Fp(6)p 394 1211 V -141 w(3)p 227 1211 V 277 1142 a Fz(Slot)241 -1183 y(Numb)n(er)897 1365 y Fp(19)p 933 1211 V -524 w(7)p 394 -1211 V 492 1138 a Fz(In{Mo)n(dule)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess)566 1179 -y(PMA)f(7{19)980 1365 y Fp(21)p 1016 1211 V -76 w(20)p 933 -1211 V 965 1162 a FE(0)1021 1365 y Fp(22)p 1058 1211 V -34 -w(22)p 1016 1211 V 1027 1127 a Fz(t)1023 1157 y(p)1024 1195 -y(e)1063 1365 y Fp(23)p 1099 1211 V -34 w(23)p 1058 1211 V -1065 1128 a Fz(d)1065 1159 y(p)1066 1197 y(e)1436 1365 y Fp(32)p -1473 1211 V -366 w(24)p 1099 1211 V 1276 1162 a FE(0)1478 1365 -y Fp(33)p 1514 1211 V -34 w(33)p 1473 1211 V 1475 1162 a Fz(V)1519 -1365 y Fp(34)p 1556 1211 V -34 w(34)p 1514 1211 V 1526 1162 -a FE(0)1561 1365 y Fp(35)p 1597 1211 V -34 w(35)p 1556 1211 -V 1555 1162 a Fz(M)1561 1365 y Fp(35)p 1597 1335 V -1479 w(0)p -103 1335 V 807 1287 a Fz(Data)0 1504 y FE(Data)e(for)h Fx(WRADB)p -0 1650 1495 2 v -1 1649 2 100 v 0 1550 1495 2 v 1494 1649 2 -100 v 124 1661 2 13 v 248 1661 V 373 1661 V 497 1661 V 622 -1661 V 746 1670 2 21 v 871 1661 2 13 v 995 1661 V 1120 1661 -V 1244 1661 V 1369 1661 V 12 1679 a Fp(0)p 41 1649 2 100 v --17 w(0)p -1 1649 V 1 1613 a Fz(U)54 1679 y Fp(1)p 82 1649 -V -17 w(1)p 41 1649 V 50 1613 a Fz(I)96 1679 y Fp(2)p 124 1649 -V -17 w(2)p 82 1649 V 84 1613 a Fz(R)137 1679 y Fp(3)p 165 -1649 V -17 w(3)p 124 1649 V 120 1613 a Fz(W)220 1679 y Fp(5)p -248 1649 V -58 w(4)p 165 1649 V 1261 w(35)p 1494 1649 V -1229 -w(6)p 248 1649 V 672 1614 a Fz(Br)n(e)n(ak)g(Virtual)g(A)n(ddr)n(ess)0 -1817 y FE(Data)f(for)h Fx(W)o(CTRLF)377 1898 y FE(Con)o(trol)f(Flags)h(for)f -Fx(W)o(CTRLF)h FE(and)g Fx(RCTRLF)p 0 2096 1495 2 v -1 2096 -2 167 v 0 1930 1495 2 v 1494 2096 2 167 v 124 2108 2 13 v 248 -2108 V 373 2108 V 497 2108 V 622 2108 V 746 2116 2 21 v 871 -2108 2 13 v 995 2108 V 1120 2108 V 1244 2108 V 1369 2108 V -12 2126 a Fp(0)p 41 2096 2 167 v -17 w(0)p -1 2096 V 5 1993 -a Fz(S)7 2023 y(e)10 2061 y(t)54 2126 y Fp(1)p 82 2096 V -17 -w(1)p 41 2096 V 43 1991 a Fz(C)53 2032 y(l)49 2063 y(r)96 2126 -y Fp(2)p 124 2096 V -17 w(2)p 82 2096 V 84 1986 a Fz(D)81 2027 -y(M)86 2068 y(P)137 2126 y Fp(3)p 165 2096 V -17 w(3)p 124 -2096 V 125 1986 a Fz(D)133 2027 y(I)126 2068 y(A)179 2126 y -Fp(4)p 207 2096 V -17 w(4)p 165 2096 V 168 1986 a Fz(B)167 -2027 y(O)167 2068 y(O)220 2126 y Fp(5)p 248 2096 V -17 w(5)p -207 2096 V 209 1986 a Fz(A)209 2027 y(T)208 2068 y(O)262 2126 -y Fp(6)p 290 2096 V -17 w(6)p 248 2096 V 250 1986 a Fz(D)251 -2027 y(B)250 2068 y(G)710 2126 y Fp(17)p 746 2096 V -441 w(7)p -290 2096 V 440 2027 a Fz(R)n(eserve)n(d)751 2126 y Fp(18)p -788 2096 V -34 w(18)p 746 2096 V 748 1986 a Fz(A)749 2027 y(C)750 -2068 y(F)793 2126 y Fp(19)p 829 2096 V -34 w(19)p 788 2096 -V 790 1986 a Fz(T)790 2027 y(H)785 2068 y(W)834 2126 y Fp(20)p -871 2096 V -34 w(20)p 829 2096 V 832 1986 a Fz(B)832 2027 y(T)833 -2068 y(F)876 2126 y Fp(21)p 912 2096 V -34 w(21)p 871 2096 -V 874 1986 a Fz(B)873 2027 y(T)875 2068 y(L)917 2126 y Fp(22)p -954 2096 V -34 w(22)p 912 2096 V 914 1986 a Fz(N)916 2027 y(P)909 -2068 y(W)959 2126 y Fp(23)p 995 2096 V -34 w(23)p 954 2096 -V 955 1986 a Fz(K)957 2027 y(P)956 2068 y(A)1000 2126 y Fp(24)p -1037 2096 V -34 w(24)p 995 2096 V 997 1986 a Fz(N)997 2027 -y(D)998 2068 y(C)1042 2126 y Fp(25)p 1078 2096 V -34 w(25)p -1037 2096 V 1043 1986 a Fz(S)1039 2027 y(A)1041 2068 y(L)1083 -2126 y Fp(26)p 1120 2096 V -34 w(26)p 1078 2096 V 1081 2006 -a Fz(R)1088 2047 y(I)1125 2126 y Fp(27)p 1161 2096 V -34 w(27)p -1120 2096 V 1123 2006 a Fz(C)1122 2047 y(D)1167 2126 y Fp(28)p -1203 2096 V -34 w(28)p 1161 2096 V 1163 1986 a Fz(D)1164 2027 -y(T)1164 2068 y(R)1208 2126 y Fp(29)p 1244 2096 V -34 w(29)p -1203 2096 V 1207 1966 a Fz(L)1206 2007 y(E)1205 2048 y(D)1210 -2087 y(3)1250 2126 y Fp(30)p 1286 2096 V -34 w(30)p 1244 2096 -V 1249 1966 a Fz(L)1248 2007 y(E)1246 2048 y(D)1251 2087 y(2)1291 -2126 y Fp(31)p 1328 2096 V -34 w(31)p 1286 2096 V 1289 1986 -a Fz(C)1288 2027 y(O)1287 2068 y(K)1333 2126 y Fp(32)p 1369 -2096 V -34 w(32)p 1328 2096 V 1330 1986 a Fz(A)1331 2027 y(P)1331 -2068 y(E)1374 2126 y Fp(33)p 1411 2096 V -34 w(33)p 1369 2096 -V 1373 1966 a Fz(L)1372 2007 y(E)1371 2048 y(D)1376 2087 y(1)1416 -2126 y Fp(34)p 1452 2096 V -34 w(34)p 1411 2096 V 1413 1986 -a Fz(R)1413 2027 y(T)1416 2068 y(S)1457 2126 y Fp(35)p 1494 -2096 V -34 w(35)p 1452 2096 V 1456 1966 a Fz(L)1455 2007 y(E)1454 -2048 y(D)1459 2087 y(0)p eop -%%Page: 509 23 -509 22 bop 150 50 a Ft(D.1.)31 b(XKL)349 46 y(-)361 50 y(1)14 -b(PR)o(OCESSOR)g(INTERNAL)g(DEVICE)g(BIT)g(ASSIGNMENTS)412 -b FE(509)150 195 y(Data)13 b(for)h Fx(SYSID)679 280 y FE(Data)f(F)m(ormat)f -(for)i(SYSID)p 150 557 1495 2 v 149 556 2 250 v 150 308 1495 -2 v 1644 556 2 250 v 274 569 2 13 v 398 569 V 523 569 V 647 -569 V 772 569 V 896 577 2 21 v 1021 569 2 13 v 1145 569 V 1270 -569 V 1394 569 V 1519 569 V 150 433 1495 2 v 1109 586 a Fp(23)p -1145 432 2 125 v -981 w(0)p 149 432 V 380 380 a Fz(System)h(Identi\014c)n -(ation)h(Numb)n(er)1607 586 y Fp(35)p 1644 432 V -491 w(24)p -1145 432 V 1312 384 a Fz(R)n(eserve)n(d)1109 586 y Fp(23)p -1145 556 V -981 w(0)p 149 556 V 419 504 a Fz(Backplane)g(Serial)e(Numb)n(er) -1607 586 y Fp(35)p 1644 556 V -491 w(24)p 1145 556 V 1312 508 -a Fz(R)n(eserve)n(d)150 725 y FE(T)m(rap)f(v)o(ector)i(in)f(UPT)g(or)g(EPT:)p -233 1377 1495 2 v 232 1376 2 598 v 233 779 1495 2 v 1727 1376 -2 598 v 357 1389 2 13 v 481 1389 V 606 1389 V 730 1389 V 855 -1389 V 979 1397 2 21 v 1104 1389 2 13 v 1228 1389 V 1353 1389 -V 1478 1389 V 1602 1389 V 150 1352 a(4x7)p 233 1302 1495 2 -v 150 1278 a(4x6)p 233 1228 V 150 1203 a(4x5)p 233 1153 V 150 -1128 a(4x4)p 233 1078 V 150 1053 a(4x3)p 233 1004 V 150 979 -a(4x2)p 233 929 V 150 904 a(4x1)p 233 854 V 150 829 a(4x0)1534 -b Fw(UP.BFL==:0)1748 1127 y(UP.OFL==:4)1748 1202 y(UP.OPC==:5)1748 -1277 y(UP.NFL==:6)1748 1352 y(UP.NPC==:7)246 1406 y Fp(0)p -274 853 2 75 v -17 w(0)p 232 853 V 235 830 a Fz(T)1690 1406 -y Fp(35)p 1727 853 V -1478 w(0)p 232 853 V 901 830 a Fz(R)n(eserve)n(d)1690 -1406 y Fp(35)p 1727 853 V -1437 w(1)p 274 853 V 1386 w(35)p -1727 928 V -1478 w(0)p 232 928 V 901 905 a Fz(R)n(eserve)n(d)1690 -1406 y Fp(35)p 1727 1003 V -1478 w(0)p 232 1003 V 901 980 a -Fz(R)n(eserve)n(d)1690 1406 y Fp(35)p 1727 1077 V -1478 w(0)p -232 1077 V 901 1054 a Fz(R)n(eserve)n(d)735 1406 y Fp(12)p -772 1152 V -523 w(0)p 232 1152 V 416 1125 a Fz(Old)15 b(Flags)943 -1406 y Fp(17)p 979 1152 V -200 w(13)p 772 1152 V 866 1128 a -FE(0)1067 1406 y Fp(20)p 1104 1152 V -117 w(18)p 979 1152 V -994 1129 a Fz(CA)o(C)1192 1406 y Fp(23)p 1228 1152 V -117 w(21)p -1104 1152 V 1121 1129 a Fz(P)m(A)o(C)1690 1406 y Fp(35)p 1727 -1152 V -491 w(24)p 1228 1152 V 1434 1129 a Fz(PCS)453 1406 -y Fp(5)p 481 1227 V -224 w(0)p 232 1227 V 347 1203 a FE(0)1690 -1406 y Fp(35)p 1727 1227 V -1229 w(6)p 481 1227 V 1037 1204 -a Fz(Old)f(PC)735 1406 y Fp(12)p 772 1302 V -523 w(0)p 232 -1302 V 409 1275 a Fz(New)h(Flags)943 1406 y Fp(17)p 979 1302 -V -200 w(13)p 772 1302 V 866 1278 a FE(0)1067 1406 y Fp(20)p -1104 1302 V -117 w(18)p 979 1302 V 994 1278 a Fz(CA)o(C)1192 -1406 y Fp(23)p 1228 1302 V -117 w(21)p 1104 1302 V 1121 1278 -a Fz(P)m(A)o(C)1690 1406 y Fp(35)p 1727 1302 V -491 w(24)p -1228 1302 V 1468 1278 a FE(0)453 1406 y Fp(5)p 481 1376 V -224 -w(0)p 232 1376 V 347 1352 a FE(0)1690 1406 y Fp(35)p 1727 1376 -V -1229 w(6)p 481 1376 V 1025 1353 a Fz(New)g(PC)150 1503 y -FE(P)o(age{F)m(ailure)e(data)g(blo)q(c)o(k)h(in)f(UPT)i(\(soft)f(failures\):) -p 254 2191 1495 2 v 253 2190 2 598 v 254 1593 1495 2 v 1747 -2190 2 598 v 377 2203 2 13 v 502 2203 V 627 2203 V 751 2203 -V 876 2203 V 1000 2211 2 21 v 1125 2203 2 13 v 1249 2203 V -1374 2203 V 1498 2203 V 1623 2203 V 1769 1643 a Fw(UP.PFB==:500)1769 -1717 y(UP.PFD==:501)1769 1792 y(UP.PF0==:502)1769 1867 y(UP.PF1==:503)1769 -1942 y(UP.POF==:504)1769 2016 y(UP.POP==:505)1769 2091 y(UP.PNF==:506)1769 -2166 y(UP.PNP==:507)711 2294 y FE(P)o(age{F)m(ailure)f(Blo)q(c)o(k)h(at)g -(UPT)g(500)150 1643 y(500)p 254 1668 1495 2 v 150 1718 a(501)p -254 1743 V 150 1793 a(502)p 254 1818 V 150 1868 a(503)p 254 -1892 V 150 1942 a(504)p 254 1967 V 150 2017 a(505)p 254 2042 -V 150 2092 a(506)p 254 2117 V 150 2166 a(507)1711 2221 y Fp(35)p -1747 1667 2 75 v -1479 w(0)p 253 1667 V 922 1644 a Fz(R)n(eserve)n(d)1711 -2221 y Fp(35)p 1747 1742 V -1479 w(0)p 253 1742 V 922 1719 -a Fz(R)n(eserve)n(d)1711 2221 y Fp(35)p 1747 1817 V -1479 w(0)p -253 1817 V 661 1790 a Fz(Page{F)m(ailur)n(e)h(Wor)n(d)g(0)g(\(MAP)g(Wor)n(d)h -(0\))1711 2221 y Fp(35)p 1747 1892 V -1479 w(0)p 253 1892 V -723 1865 a Fz(F)m(aile)n(d)e(A)n(ddr)n(ess)h(\(MAP)g(Wor)n(d)g(1\))756 -2221 y Fp(12)p 793 1966 V -524 w(0)p 253 1966 V 437 1939 a -Fz(Old)f(Flags)964 2221 y Fp(17)p 1000 1966 V -200 w(13)p 793 -1966 V 887 1942 a Fz(0)1088 2221 y Fp(20)p 1125 1966 V -117 -w(18)p 1000 1966 V 1019 1943 a Fz(CA)o(C)1213 2221 y Fp(23)p -1249 1966 V -117 w(21)p 1125 1966 V 1146 1943 a Fz(P)m(A)o(C)1711 -2221 y Fp(35)p 1747 1966 V -491 w(24)p 1249 1966 V 1271 1943 -a Fz(Pr)n(evious)h(Context)g(Se)n(ction)474 2221 y Fp(5)p 502 -2041 V -225 w(0)p 253 2041 V 368 2017 a Fz(0)1711 2221 y Fp(35)p -1747 2041 V -1230 w(6)p 502 2041 V 918 2014 a Fz(PC)f(of)h(F)m(aile)n(d)g(R)n -(efer)n(enc)n(e)756 2221 y Fp(12)p 793 2116 V -524 w(0)p 253 -2116 V 430 2089 a Fz(New)f(Flags)964 2221 y Fp(17)p 1000 2116 -V -200 w(13)p 793 2116 V 887 2092 a Fz(0)1088 2221 y Fp(20)p -1125 2116 V -117 w(18)p 1000 2116 V 1019 2093 a Fz(CA)o(C)1213 -2221 y Fp(23)p 1249 2116 V -117 w(21)p 1125 2116 V 1146 2093 -a Fz(P)m(A)o(C)1711 2221 y Fp(35)p 1747 2116 V -491 w(24)p -1249 2116 V 1488 2092 a Fz(0)474 2221 y Fp(5)p 502 2190 V -225 -w(0)p 253 2190 V 368 2166 a Fz(0)1711 2221 y Fp(35)p 1747 2190 -V -1230 w(6)p 502 2190 V 1050 2167 a Fz(New)h(PC)p eop -%%Page: 510 24 -510 23 bop 0 50 a FE(510)618 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(D.)27 b(INTERNAL)14 -b(DEVICE)g(BIT)h(ASSIGNMENTS)0 195 y FE(P)o(age{F)m(ailure)e(data)g(blo)q(c)o -(k)h(in)f(EPT)i(\(hard)f(failures\):)p 104 1501 1495 2 v 103 -1501 2 1196 v 104 306 1495 2 v 1597 1501 2 1196 v 227 1513 -2 13 v 352 1513 V 477 1513 V 601 1513 V 726 1513 V 850 1521 -2 21 v 975 1513 2 13 v 1099 1513 V 1224 1513 V 1348 1513 V -1473 1513 V 563 1604 a(P)o(age{F)m(ailure)f(Blo)q(c)o(k)h(at)f(EPT)i(500)p -227 305 V 352 305 V 477 305 V 601 305 V 726 305 V 850 305 2 -21 v 975 305 2 13 v 1099 305 V 1224 305 V 1348 305 V 1473 305 -V 104 904 1495 2 v 0 954 a(510)p 104 978 V 0 1028 a(511)p 104 -1053 V 0 1103 a(512)p 104 1128 V 0 1178 a(513)p 104 1203 V -0 1252 a(514)p 104 1277 V 0 1327 a(515)p 104 1352 V 0 1402 -a(516)p 104 1427 V 0 1477 a(517)1619 988 y(P)o(ager)f(Set)h(0)1619 -1137 y(P)o(ager)f(Set)h(1)1619 1291 y(Cac)o(he)f(Set)h(0)1619 -1440 y(Cac)o(he)f(Set)h(1)0 356 y(500)p 104 381 V 0 431 a(501)p -104 455 V 0 505 a(502)p 104 530 V 0 580 a(503)p 104 605 V 0 -655 a(504)p 104 680 V 0 729 a(505)p 104 754 V 0 804 a(506)p -104 829 V 0 879 a(507)199 1531 y Fp(2)p 227 380 2 75 v -100 -w(0)p 103 380 V 156 356 a FE(0)241 1531 y Fp(3)p 269 380 V --17 w(3)p 227 380 V 232 336 a Fi(B)233 371 y(P)282 1531 y Fp(4)p -311 380 V -17 w(4)p 269 380 V 274 336 a Fi(B)274 371 y(C)324 -1531 y Fp(5)p 352 380 V -17 w(5)p 311 380 V 316 336 a Fi(P)316 -371 y(E)365 1531 y Fp(6)p 394 380 V -17 w(6)p 352 380 V 352 -336 a Fi(W)352 371 y(W)407 1531 y Fp(7)p 435 380 V -17 w(7)p -394 380 V 398 336 a Fi(U)398 371 y(C)448 1531 y Fp(8)p 477 -380 V -17 w(8)p 435 380 V 440 336 a Fi(C)440 371 y(T)490 1531 -y Fp(9)p 518 380 V -17 w(9)p 477 380 V 481 336 a Fi(C)481 371 -y(D)523 1531 y Fp(10)p 560 380 V -34 w(10)p 518 380 V 523 336 -a Fi(C)518 371 y(W)565 1531 y Fp(11)p 601 380 V -34 w(11)p -560 380 V 564 336 a Fi(B)564 371 y(R)814 1531 y Fp(17)p 850 -380 V -242 w(12)p 601 380 V 716 356 a FE(0)855 1531 y Fp(18)p -892 380 V -34 w(18)p 850 380 V 855 336 a Fi(R)855 371 y(T)897 -1531 y Fp(19)p 933 380 V -34 w(19)p 892 380 V 896 336 a Fi(T)895 -371 y(O)1021 1531 y Fp(22)p 1058 380 V -117 w(20)p 933 380 -V 962 357 a Fz(TT)1063 1531 y Fp(23)p 1099 380 V -34 w(23)p -1058 380 V 1054 357 a Fz(W)1104 1531 y Fp(24)p 1141 380 V -34 -w(24)p 1099 380 V 1101 357 a Fz(U)1146 1531 y Fp(25)p 1182 -380 V -34 w(25)p 1141 380 V 1143 357 a Fz(V)1187 1531 y Fp(26)p -1224 380 V -34 w(26)p 1182 380 V 1188 357 a Fz(S)1561 1531 -y Fp(35)p 1597 380 V -366 w(27)p 1224 380 V 1401 356 a FE(0)1561 -1531 y Fp(35)p 1597 455 V -1479 w(0)p 103 455 V 714 431 a Fz(Pr)n(o)n(c)n -(essor)f(Data)116 1531 y Fp(0)p 144 978 V -17 w(0)p 103 978 -V 105 954 a Fz(U)158 1531 y Fp(1)p 186 978 V -17 w(1)p 144 -978 V 146 954 a Fz(V)199 1531 y Fp(2)p 227 978 V -17 w(2)p -186 978 V 191 934 a Fi(T)191 969 y(P)241 1531 y Fp(3)p 269 -978 V -17 w(3)p 227 978 V 231 934 a Fi(D)233 969 y(P)324 1531 -y Fp(5)p 352 978 V -59 w(4)p 269 978 V 301 954 a Fz(0)648 1531 -y Fp(13)p 684 978 V -317 w(6)p 352 978 V 481 950 a Fz(T)m(ag)1561 -1531 y Fp(35)p 1597 978 V -906 w(14)p 684 978 V 1131 954 a -Fz(0)158 1531 y Fp(1)p 186 1052 V -59 w(0)p 103 1052 V 135 -1028 a Fz(0)199 1531 y Fp(2)p 227 1052 V -17 w(2)p 186 1052 -V 183 1029 a Fz(W)241 1531 y Fp(3)p 269 1052 V -17 w(3)p 227 -1052 V 229 1029 a Fz(A)282 1531 y Fp(4)p 311 1052 V -17 w(4)p -269 1052 V 272 1029 a Fz(C)448 1531 y Fp(8)p 477 1052 V -141 -w(5)p 311 1052 V 362 1029 a Fz(PB)490 1531 y Fp(9)p 518 1052 -V -17 w(9)p 477 1052 V 478 1029 a Fz(D)565 1531 y Fp(11)p 601 -1052 V -76 w(10)p 518 1052 V 550 1028 a Fz(0)731 1531 y Fp(15)p -767 1052 V -159 w(12)p 601 1052 V 646 1029 a Fz(Slot)1561 1531 -y Fp(35)p 1597 1052 V -823 w(16)p 767 1052 V 1057 1025 a Fz(Page)i(Numb)n(er) -116 1531 y Fp(0)p 144 1127 V -17 w(0)p 103 1127 V 105 1104 -a Fz(U)158 1531 y Fp(1)p 186 1127 V -17 w(1)p 144 1127 V 146 -1104 a Fz(V)199 1531 y Fp(2)p 227 1127 V -17 w(2)p 186 1127 -V 191 1083 a Fi(T)191 1119 y(P)241 1531 y Fp(3)p 269 1127 V --17 w(3)p 227 1127 V 231 1083 a Fi(D)233 1119 y(P)324 1531 -y Fp(5)p 352 1127 V -59 w(4)p 269 1127 V 301 1103 a Fz(0)648 -1531 y Fp(13)p 684 1127 V -317 w(6)p 352 1127 V 481 1100 a -Fz(T)m(ag)1561 1531 y Fp(35)p 1597 1127 V -906 w(14)p 684 1127 -V 1131 1103 a Fz(0)158 1531 y Fp(1)p 186 1202 V -59 w(0)p 103 -1202 V 135 1178 a Fz(0)199 1531 y Fp(2)p 227 1202 V -17 w(2)p -186 1202 V 183 1179 a Fz(W)241 1531 y Fp(3)p 269 1202 V -17 -w(3)p 227 1202 V 229 1179 a Fz(A)282 1531 y Fp(4)p 311 1202 -V -17 w(4)p 269 1202 V 272 1179 a Fz(C)448 1531 y Fp(8)p 477 -1202 V -141 w(5)p 311 1202 V 362 1179 a Fz(PB)490 1531 y Fp(9)p -518 1202 V -17 w(9)p 477 1202 V 478 1179 a Fz(D)565 1531 y -Fp(11)p 601 1202 V -76 w(10)p 518 1202 V 550 1178 a Fz(0)731 -1531 y Fp(15)p 767 1202 V -159 w(12)p 601 1202 V 646 1179 a -Fz(Slot)1561 1531 y Fp(35)p 1597 1202 V -823 w(16)p 767 1202 -V 1057 1175 a Fz(Page)g(Numb)n(er)199 1531 y Fp(2)p 227 1276 -V -100 w(0)p 103 1276 V 155 1252 a Fz(0)365 1531 y Fp(6)p 394 -1276 V -141 w(3)p 227 1276 V 273 1254 a Fz(Slot)897 1531 y -Fp(19)p 933 1276 V -524 w(7)p 394 1276 V 627 1249 a Fz(T)m(ag)980 -1531 y Fp(21)p 1016 1276 V -76 w(20)p 933 1276 V 965 1252 a -Fz(0)1021 1531 y Fp(22)p 1058 1276 V -34 w(22)p 1016 1276 V -1021 1233 a Fi(T)1022 1268 y(P)1063 1531 y Fp(23)p 1099 1276 -V -34 w(23)p 1058 1276 V 1062 1233 a Fi(D)1063 1268 y(P)1436 -1531 y Fp(32)p 1473 1276 V -366 w(24)p 1099 1276 V 1276 1252 -a Fz(0)1478 1531 y Fp(33)p 1514 1276 V -34 w(33)p 1473 1276 -V 1475 1253 a Fz(V)1519 1531 y Fp(34)p 1556 1276 V -34 w(34)p -1514 1276 V 1525 1252 a Fz(0)1561 1531 y Fp(35)p 1597 1276 -V -34 w(35)p 1556 1276 V 1555 1253 a Fz(M)1561 1531 y Fp(35)p -1597 1351 V -1479 w(0)p 103 1351 V 745 1328 a FE(Cac)o(he)e(Data)199 -1531 y Fp(2)p 227 1426 V -100 w(0)p 103 1426 V 155 1402 a Fz(0)365 -1531 y Fp(6)p 394 1426 V -141 w(3)p 227 1426 V 273 1403 a Fz(Slot)897 -1531 y Fp(19)p 933 1426 V -524 w(7)p 394 1426 V 627 1399 a -Fz(T)m(ag)980 1531 y Fp(21)p 1016 1426 V -76 w(20)p 933 1426 -V 965 1402 a Fz(0)1021 1531 y Fp(22)p 1058 1426 V -34 w(22)p -1016 1426 V 1021 1382 a Fi(T)1022 1417 y(P)1063 1531 y Fp(23)p -1099 1426 V -34 w(23)p 1058 1426 V 1062 1382 a Fi(D)1063 1417 -y(P)1436 1531 y Fp(32)p 1473 1426 V -366 w(24)p 1099 1426 V -1276 1402 a Fz(0)1478 1531 y Fp(33)p 1514 1426 V -34 w(33)p -1473 1426 V 1475 1403 a Fz(V)1519 1531 y Fp(34)p 1556 1426 -V -34 w(34)p 1514 1426 V 1525 1402 a Fz(0)1561 1531 y Fp(35)p -1597 1426 V -34 w(35)p 1556 1426 V 1555 1403 a Fz(M)1561 1531 -y Fp(35)p 1597 1501 V -1479 w(0)p 103 1501 V 745 1478 a FE(Cac)o(he)g(Data) -1561 1531 y Fp(35)p 1597 529 V -1479 w(0)p 103 529 V 511 502 -a Fz(Page{F)m(ailur)n(e)h(Wor)n(d)g(0)g(\(MAP)g(Wor)n(d)h(0\))1561 -1531 y Fp(35)p 1597 604 V -1479 w(0)p 103 604 V 573 577 a Fz(F)m(aile)n(d)e -(A)n(ddr)n(ess)h(\(MAP)g(Wor)n(d)g(1\))606 1531 y Fp(12)p 643 -679 V -524 w(0)p 103 679 V 287 652 a Fz(Old)f(Flags)814 1531 -y Fp(17)p 850 679 V -200 w(13)p 643 679 V 737 655 a Fz(0)938 -1531 y Fp(20)p 975 679 V -117 w(18)p 850 679 V 869 656 a Fz(CA)o(C)1063 -1531 y Fp(23)p 1099 679 V -117 w(21)p 975 679 V 996 656 a Fz(P)m(A)o(C)1561 -1531 y Fp(35)p 1597 679 V -491 w(24)p 1099 679 V 1121 656 a -Fz(Pr)n(evious)h(Context)g(Se)n(ction)324 1531 y Fp(5)p 352 -753 V -225 w(0)p 103 753 V 218 729 a Fz(0)1561 1531 y Fp(35)p -1597 753 V -1230 w(6)p 352 753 V 768 726 a Fz(PC)f(of)h(F)m(aile)n(d)g(R)n -(efer)n(enc)n(e)606 1531 y Fp(12)p 643 828 V -524 w(0)p 103 -828 V 280 801 a Fz(New)f(Flags)814 1531 y Fp(17)p 850 828 V --200 w(13)p 643 828 V 737 804 a Fz(0)938 1531 y Fp(20)p 975 -828 V -117 w(18)p 850 828 V 869 805 a Fz(CA)o(C)1063 1531 y -Fp(23)p 1099 828 V -117 w(21)p 975 828 V 996 805 a Fz(P)m(A)o(C)1561 -1531 y Fp(35)p 1597 828 V -491 w(24)p 1099 828 V 1338 804 a -Fz(0)324 1531 y Fp(5)p 352 903 V -225 w(0)p 103 903 V 218 879 -a Fz(0)1561 1531 y Fp(35)p 1597 903 V -1230 w(6)p 352 903 V -900 880 a Fz(New)h(PC)0 1831 y Fv(D.2)69 b(KL10)24 b(In)n(ternal)e(Device)f -(Bit)h(Assignme)o(n)n(ts)0 1958 y FE(In)o(terrupt)15 b(function)f(w)o(ord:) -464 2047 y(KL10)g(In)o(terrupt)h(F)m(unction)e(W)m(ord)p 0 -2204 1495 2 v -1 2203 2 125 v 0 2079 1495 2 v 1494 2203 2 125 -v 124 2215 2 13 v 248 2215 V 373 2215 V 497 2215 V 622 2215 -V 746 2223 2 21 v 871 2215 2 13 v 995 2215 V 1120 2215 V 1244 -2215 V 1369 2215 V 96 2233 a Fp(2)p 124 2203 2 125 v -101 w(0)p --1 2203 V 14 2130 a Fz(A)n(ddr)8 2171 y(Sp)n(ac)n(e)220 2233 -y Fp(5)p 248 2203 V -100 w(3)p 124 2203 V 131 2155 a Fz(F)m(unct)262 -2233 y Fp(6)p 290 2203 V -17 w(6)p 248 2203 V 250 2151 a Fz(Q)419 -2233 y Fp(10)p 456 2203 V -150 w(7)p 290 2203 V 310 2155 a -Fz(Devic)n(e)502 2233 y Fp(12)p 539 2203 V -75 w(11)p 456 2203 -V 488 2154 a FE(0)1457 2233 y Fp(35)p 1494 2203 V -947 w(13)p -539 2203 V 858 2151 a Fz(Interrupt)h(A)n(ddr)n(ess)p eop -%%Page: 511 25 -511 24 bop 150 50 a Ft(D.2.)31 b(KL10)13 b(INTERNAL)h(DEVICE)h(BIT)f -(ASSIGNMENTS)707 b FE(511)150 195 y(Data)13 b(for)h Fx(CONO)f(PI,)f -FE(\()p Fx(PI)p FE(=4\))p 150 451 1590 2 v 150 252 V 149 450 -2 200 v 1739 450 V 190 299 a(W)m(rite)i(Ev)o(en)237 361 y(P)o(arit)o(y)161 -427 y Fp(Addr)p 245 450 2 67 v 23 w(Data)p 340 450 V 35 w(Dir)p -436 450 2 200 v 494 450 V 506 287 a(Drop)503 325 y(Prgm)514 -363 y(Req)520 401 y(On)512 434 y(Lvls)p 589 450 V 599 311 a(Clear)621 -343 y(PI)605 375 y(Sys{)610 411 y(tem)p 685 450 V 713 437 a -Fn(Selected)9 b(Lev)o(els)694 282 y Fp(Mak)o(e)694 314 y(Prgm)705 -352 y(Req)711 390 y(On)p 780 401 2 150 v 791 320 a Fn(T)m(urn)805 -355 y(On)p 876 401 V 886 319 a(T)m(urn)900 355 y(O\013)p 971 -450 2 200 v 1049 391 a(PI)1012 426 y(System)982 295 y(T)m(urn)996 -330 y(O\013)p 1067 351 2 100 v 1077 295 a(T)m(urn)1092 330 -y(On)p 1162 450 2 200 v 1304 310 a FE(Select)15 b(Lev)o(els)f(for)1307 -350 y(Bits)h(22,24,25,26)1192 439 y(1)p 1241 450 2 50 v 60 -w(2)p 1324 450 V 62 w(3)p 1407 450 V 62 w(4)p 1490 450 V 62 -w(5)p 1573 450 V 62 w(6)p 1656 450 V 62 w(7)180 482 y Fn(18)60 -b(19)f(20)118 b(22)59 b(23)h(24)f(25)h(26)f(27)g(28)52 b(29)45 -b(30)i(31)g(32)g(33)g(34)g(35)150 619 y FE(Data)13 b(for)h -Fx(CONI)f(PI,)p 150 820 1503 2 v 150 671 V 149 819 2 150 v -1652 819 V 606 819 V 619 698 a Fp(Program)e(Requests)684 736 -y(on)g(Lev)o(els)618 794 y FD(1)p 647 819 2 75 v 22 w(2)p 689 -819 V 23 w(3)p 730 819 V 22 w(4)p 772 819 V 23 w(5)p 813 819 -V 22 w(6)p 855 819 V 23 w(7)p 896 819 2 150 v 901 706 a Fp(W)907 -738 y(E)907 771 y(P)906 803 y(A)p 938 819 V 943 706 a(W)948 -738 y(E)948 771 y(P)947 803 y(D)p 979 819 V 984 706 a(W)990 -738 y(E)990 771 y(P)989 803 y(R)p 1021 819 V 1039 698 a(In)o(terrupt)g -(Holding)1099 736 y(on)g(Lev)o(els)1033 794 y FD(1)p 1062 819 -2 75 v 22 w(2)p 1104 819 V 23 w(3)p 1145 819 V 22 w(4)p 1187 -819 V 23 w(5)p 1228 819 V 22 w(6)p 1270 819 V 23 w(7)p 1311 -819 2 150 v 1320 738 a Fp(PI)1315 771 y(On)p 1361 819 V 1435 -717 a(Lev)o(els)h(On)1373 794 y FD(1)p 1403 819 2 75 v 23 w(2)p -1444 819 V 22 w(3)p 1486 819 V 23 w(4)p 1527 819 V 22 w(5)p -1569 819 V 23 w(6)p 1610 819 V 22 w(7)162 849 y Fp(0)432 b(11)7 -b(12)h(13)f(14)h(15)f(16)h(17)f(18)h(19)f(20)h(21)f(22)h(23)f(24)h(25)f(26)h -(27)k(28)f(29)d(30)f(31)h(32)f(33)h(34)f(35)150 988 y FE(F)m(ormat)12 -b(for)i Fx(WRFIL)f FE(data,)g(cac)o(he)i(strategy)g(table:)p -150 1208 1495 2 v 149 1208 2 150 v 150 1059 1495 2 v 1644 1208 -2 150 v 274 1220 2 13 v 398 1220 V 523 1220 V 647 1220 V 772 -1220 V 896 1228 2 21 v 1021 1220 2 13 v 1145 1220 V 1270 1220 -V 1394 1220 V 1519 1220 V 341 1238 a Fp(20)p 398 1208 2 150 -v -200 w(18)p 149 1208 V 170 1127 a FE(Re\014ll)e(T)m(able)230 -1168 y(Data)1420 1238 y Fp(33)p 1478 1208 V -532 w(27)p 896 -1208 V 1083 1127 a FE(Re\014ll)g(T)m(able)1115 1168 y(Address)1607 -1238 y Fp(35)150 1397 y FE(F)m(ormat)f(for)i Fx(APRID)e FE(data:)p -150 1755 1495 2 v 149 1754 2 299 v 150 1456 1495 2 v 1644 1754 -2 299 v 274 1766 2 13 v 398 1766 V 523 1766 V 647 1766 V 772 -1766 V 896 1775 2 21 v 1021 1766 2 13 v 1145 1766 V 1270 1766 -V 1394 1766 V 1519 1766 V 495 1784 a Fp(8)p 523 1605 2 150 -v -350 w(0)p 149 1605 V 169 1540 a Fz(Micr)n(o)n(c)n(o)n(de)j(Options)495 -1784 y Fp(8)p 523 1754 V -350 w(0)p 149 1754 V -17 w(0)p 191 -1754 V -17 w(0)p 149 1754 V 152 1654 a Fz(T)156 1693 y(2)156 -1733 y(0)204 1784 y Fp(1)p 232 1754 V -17 w(1)p 191 1754 V -193 1673 a Fz(X)193 1714 y(A)246 1784 y Fp(2)p 274 1754 V -17 -w(2)p 232 1754 V 234 1673 a Fz(X)231 1714 y(M)860 1784 y Fp(17)p -896 1605 V -358 w(9)p 523 1605 V 544 1544 a Fz(Micr)n(o)n(c)n(o)n(de)g(V)m -(ersion)860 1784 y Fp(17)p 896 1754 V -358 w(9)p 523 1754 V -556 w(23)p 1145 1605 V -242 w(18)p 896 1605 V 932 1520 a Fz(Har)n(dwar)n(e) -947 1561 y(Options)1109 1784 y Fp(23)p 1145 1754 V -242 w(18)p -896 1754 V -34 w(18)p 938 1754 V -34 w(18)p 896 1754 V 903 -1653 a Fz(5)903 1692 y(0)898 1733 y(H)943 1784 y Fp(19)p 979 -1754 V -34 w(19)p 938 1754 V 940 1658 a Fz(C)946 1688 y(c)945 -1729 y(h)984 1784 y Fp(20)p 1021 1754 V -34 w(20)p 979 1754 -V 982 1658 a Fz(C)986 1699 y(h)985 1729 y(n)1026 1784 y Fp(21)p -1062 1754 V -34 w(21)p 1021 1754 V 1023 1653 a Fz(X)1023 1693 -y(A)1023 1734 y(H)1067 1784 y Fp(22)p 1104 1754 V -34 w(22)p -1062 1754 V 1061 1653 a Fz(M)1064 1693 y(O)1068 1734 y(S)1607 -1784 y Fp(35)p 1644 1605 V -491 w(24)p 1145 1605 V 1172 1544 -a Fz(Pr)n(o)n(c)n(essor)f(Serial)h(Numb)n(er)1607 1784 y Fp(35)p -1644 1754 V -491 w(24)p 1145 1754 V 150 1943 a FE(F)m(ormat)d(for)i -Fx(CONO)e(P)m(A)o(G,)g FE(\()p Fx(P)m(A)o(G)p FE(=10\))g(data:)p -150 2208 1495 2 v 149 2207 2 187 v 150 2021 1495 2 v 1644 2207 -2 187 v 274 2219 2 13 v 398 2219 V 523 2219 V 647 2219 V 772 -2219 V 896 2228 2 21 v 1021 2219 2 13 v 1145 2219 V 1270 2219 -V 1394 2219 V 1519 2219 V 258 2237 a Fp(19)p 315 2145 2 125 -v -117 w(18)p 149 2145 V 178 2072 a FE(Cac)o(he)156 2113 y(Strategy)175 -2237 y Fp(18)p 232 2207 2 63 v -34 w(18)p 149 2207 V 153 2187 -a Fn(Lo)q(ok)258 2237 y Fp(19)p 315 2207 V -34 w(19)p 232 2207 -V 236 2187 a Fn(Load)341 2237 y Fp(20)p 398 2207 2 42 v -34 -w(20)p 315 2207 V 49 w(21)p 481 2207 2 187 v -34 w(21)p 398 -2207 V 401 2104 a Fn(T{20)411 2139 y(P)o(ag)507 2237 y Fp(22)p -564 2207 V -34 w(22)p 481 2207 V 492 2104 a Fn(En)o(b)494 2139 -y(P)o(ag)1586 2237 y Fp(35)p 1644 2207 V -1030 w(23)p 564 2207 -V 747 2124 a FE(Executiv)o(e)j(Base)g(Address)h(\(page)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er\)) -673 2237 y Fp(24)p 730 2207 2 42 v -34 w(24)p 647 2207 V 49 -w(25)p 813 2207 V -34 w(25)p 730 2207 V 49 w(26)p 896 2207 -V -34 w(26)p 813 2207 V 49 w(27)p 979 2207 V -34 w(27)p 896 -2207 V 49 w(28)p 1062 2207 V -34 w(28)p 979 2207 V 49 w(29)p -1145 2207 V -34 w(29)p 1062 2207 V 49 w(30)p 1228 2207 V -34 -w(30)p 1145 2207 V 49 w(31)p 1311 2207 V -34 w(31)p 1228 2207 -V 49 w(32)p 1394 2207 V -34 w(32)p 1311 2207 V 49 w(33)p 1478 -2207 V -34 w(33)p 1394 2207 V 49 w(34)p 1561 2207 V -34 w(34)p -1478 2207 V eop -%%Page: 512 26 -512 25 bop 0 50 a FE(512)618 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(D.)27 b(INTERNAL)14 -b(DEVICE)g(BIT)h(ASSIGNMENTS)0 195 y FE(F)m(ormat)d(for)i Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o -(O)d(P)m(A)o(G,)h FE(data:)p 0 766 1495 2 v -1 765 2 200 v -0 566 1495 2 v 1494 765 2 200 v 248 777 2 13 v 497 777 V 746 -777 V 995 777 V 1244 777 V 25 795 a Fp(18)p 82 765 2 200 v --34 w(18)p -1 765 V 21 628 a(No)15 653 y(up{)10 692 y(date)5 -722 y(accts)108 795 y(19)p 165 765 2 42 v -34 w(19)p 82 765 -V 49 w(20)p 248 765 V -34 w(20)p 165 765 V 49 w(21)p 331 765 -V -34 w(21)p 248 765 V 49 w(22)p 414 765 V -34 w(22)p 331 765 -V 1045 w(35)p 1494 765 2 200 v -1030 w(23)p 414 765 V 645 676 -a FE(User)j(Base)g(Address)g(\(page)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er\))523 -795 y Fp(24)p 580 765 2 42 v -34 w(24)p 497 765 V 49 w(25)p -663 765 V -34 w(25)p 580 765 V 49 w(26)p 746 765 V -34 w(26)p -663 765 V 49 w(27)p 829 765 V -34 w(27)p 746 765 V 49 w(28)p -912 765 V -34 w(28)p 829 765 V 49 w(29)p 995 765 V -34 w(29)p -912 765 V 49 w(30)p 1078 765 V -34 w(30)p 995 765 V 49 w(31)p -1161 765 V -34 w(31)p 1078 765 V 49 w(32)p 1244 765 V -34 w(32)p -1161 765 V 49 w(33)p 1328 765 V -34 w(33)p 1244 765 V 49 w(34)p -1411 765 V -34 w(34)p 1328 765 V 0 463 1495 2 v -1 462 2 200 -v 0 263 1495 2 v 1494 462 2 200 v 248 474 2 13 v 497 474 V -746 474 V 995 474 V 1244 474 V 33 492 a(0)p 82 462 2 200 v --17 w(0)p -1 462 V 20 340 a(Sel)18 372 y(A)o(C)12 405 y(blks)116 -492 y(1)p 165 462 V -17 w(1)p 82 462 V 103 324 a(Sel)91 356 -y(Prev)97 388 y(Ctx)94 421 y(Sect)199 492 y(2)p 248 462 V -17 -w(2)p 165 462 V 172 324 a(Load)175 356 y(User)174 388 y(Base)170 -421 y(Addr)282 492 y(3)p 331 462 2 42 v -17 w(3)p 248 462 V -66 w(4)p 414 462 V -17 w(4)p 331 462 V 66 w(5)p 497 462 V -17 -w(5)p 414 462 V 66 w(6)p 580 462 V -17 w(6)p 497 462 V 149 -w(8)p 746 420 2 158 v -183 w(6)p 497 420 V 552 335 a FE(Curren)o(t)535 -376 y(A)o(C)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)614 492 y Fp(7)p 663 462 2 42 v -17 -w(7)p 580 462 V 66 w(8)p 746 462 V -17 w(8)p 663 462 V 66 w(9)p -829 462 V -17 w(9)p 746 462 V 141 w(11)p 995 420 2 158 v -192 -w(9)p 746 420 V 793 315 a FE(Previous)799 355 y(Con)o(text)784 -397 y(A)o(C)g(Blo)q(c)o(k)855 492 y Fp(10)p 912 462 2 42 v --34 w(10)p 829 462 V 49 w(11)p 995 462 V -34 w(11)p 912 462 -V 49 w(12)p 1078 462 V -34 w(12)p 995 462 V 49 w(13)p 1161 -462 V -34 w(13)p 1078 462 V 49 w(14)p 1244 462 V -34 w(14)p -1161 462 V 49 w(15)p 1328 462 V -34 w(15)p 1244 462 V 49 w(16)p -1411 462 V -34 w(16)p 1328 462 V 49 w(17)p 1494 462 V -34 w(17)p -1411 462 V -34 w(17)p 1494 420 2 158 v -366 w(13)p 1078 420 -V 1129 335 a FE(Previous)g(Con)o(text)1221 376 y(Section)0 -954 y(F)m(ormat)e(for)i Fx(D)o(A)m(T)m(A)o(O)d(APR,)i FE(\()p -Fx(APR)p FE(=0\))g(data,)g(set)i(address)g(break:)p 0 1239 -1495 2 v -1 1239 2 200 v 0 1040 1495 2 v 1494 1239 2 200 v -124 1251 2 13 v 248 1251 V 373 1251 V 497 1251 V 622 1251 V -746 1259 2 21 v 871 1251 2 13 v 995 1251 V 1120 1251 V 1244 -1251 V 1369 1251 V 345 1269 a Fp(8)p 373 1239 2 200 v -350 -w(0)p -1 1239 V 106 1153 a FE(Reserv)o(ed)502 1269 y Fp(12)p -539 1189 2 150 v -150 w(9)p 373 1189 V 372 1104 a FD(Reference)409 -1142 y(T)o(yp)q(e)386 1269 y Fp(9)p 414 1239 2 50 v -17 w(9)p -373 1239 V 377 1228 a Fz(F)419 1269 y Fp(10)p 456 1239 V -34 -w(10)p 414 1239 V 417 1228 a Fz(R)461 1269 y Fp(11)p 497 1239 -V -34 w(11)p 456 1239 V 452 1228 a Fz(W)502 1269 y Fp(12)p -539 1239 V -34 w(12)p 497 1239 V 499 1228 a Fz(U)1457 1269 -y Fp(35)p 1494 1239 2 200 v -947 w(13)p 539 1239 V 876 1153 -a FE(Break)g(Addresss)0 1428 y(Double)e(W)m(ord)h(coun)o(t)g(format:)171 -1513 y(Ev)o(en)g(Num)o(b)q(ered)g(W)m(ord)347 b(Odd)14 b(Num)o(b)q(ered)g(W)m -(ord)p 746 1536 2 21 v 0 1636 1495 2 v 0 1537 V -1 1635 2 100 -v 1494 1635 V 137 1596 a(High)f(Order)i(P)o(art)f(of)g(Coun)o(t)p -746 1635 V 12 1667 a Fn(0)670 b(35)758 1599 y FE(0)759 1667 -y Fn(0)p 788 1635 V 806 1600 a FE(Lo)o(w)14 b(Order)h(P)o(art)f(of)f(Coun)o -(t)800 1667 y Fn(1)107 b(7)800 1708 y(36)72 b(42)967 1667 y(8)255 -b(23)967 1708 y(43)237 b(58)1299 1667 y(24)112 b(35)p 1286 -1635 V 1309 1600 a FE(Reserv)o(ed)p 955 1836 333 2 v 955 1736 -V 954 1835 2 100 v 1286 1835 V 1048 1799 a(Coun)o(ter)p 954 -1727 2 84 v 1286 1727 V 0 1970 a(F)m(ormat)12 b(for)i Fx(CONO)e(MTR,)i -FE(\()p Fx(MTR)p FE(=24\))g(data:)p 0 2234 1495 2 v -1 2234 -2 187 v 0 2048 1495 2 v 1494 2234 2 187 v 124 2246 2 13 v 248 -2246 V 373 2246 V 497 2246 V 622 2246 V 746 2254 2 21 v 871 -2246 2 13 v 995 2246 V 1120 2246 V 1244 2246 V 1369 2246 V -25 2264 a Fp(18)p 82 2234 2 187 v -34 w(18)p -1 2234 V 17 2117 -a Fn(Set)22 2144 y(up)-1 2186 y(Accts)108 2264 y Fp(19)p 165 -2234 2 21 v -34 w(19)p 82 2234 V 49 w(20)p 248 2234 V -34 w(20)p -165 2234 V 215 w(23)p 497 2088 2 42 v -200 w(21)p 248 2088 -V 286 2076 a Fn(Accoun)o(ting)274 2264 y Fp(21)p 331 2234 2 -146 v -34 w(21)p 248 2234 V 254 2155 a Fn(Exec)272 2190 y(PI)357 -2264 y Fp(22)p 414 2234 V -34 w(22)p 331 2234 V 337 2137 a -Fn(Exec)333 2172 y(Non{)355 2207 y(PI)440 2264 y Fp(23)p 497 -2234 V -34 w(23)p 414 2234 V 419 2155 a Fn(T)m(urn)433 2190 -y(On)689 2264 y Fp(26)p 746 2088 2 42 v -200 w(24)p 497 2088 -V 540 2079 a Fn(Time)e(Base)523 2264 y Fp(24)p 580 2234 2 146 -v -34 w(24)p 497 2234 V 502 2155 a Fn(T)m(urn)516 2190 y(O\013)606 -2264 y Fp(25)p 663 2234 V -34 w(25)p 580 2234 V 585 2155 a -Fn(T)m(urn)599 2190 y(On)689 2264 y Fp(26)p 746 2234 V -34 -w(26)p 663 2234 V 681 2173 a Fn(Clr)772 2264 y Fp(27)p 829 -2234 2 21 v -34 w(27)p 746 2234 V 49 w(28)p 912 2234 V -34 -w(28)p 829 2234 V 49 w(29)p 995 2234 V -34 w(29)p 912 2234 -V 49 w(30)p 1078 2234 V -34 w(30)p 995 2234 V 49 w(31)p 1161 -2234 V -34 w(31)p 1078 2234 V 49 w(32)p 1244 2234 V -34 w(32)p -1161 2234 V 215 w(35)p 1494 2234 2 187 v -200 w(33)p 1244 2234 -V 1310 2107 a Fn(Priorit)o(y)1299 2148 y(In)o(terrupt)1280 -2190 y(Assignmen)o(t)1353 2264 y Fp(34)p 1411 2234 2 21 v -34 -w(34)p 1328 2234 V eop -%%Page: 513 27 -513 26 bop 150 50 a Ft(D.2.)31 b(KL10)13 b(INTERNAL)h(DEVICE)h(BIT)f -(ASSIGNMENTS)707 b FE(513)150 195 y(F)m(ormat)12 b(for)i Fx(CONI)e(MTR,)i -FE(data:)p 150 454 1495 2 v 149 454 2 187 v 150 268 1495 2 -v 1644 454 2 187 v 274 466 2 13 v 398 466 V 523 466 V 647 466 -V 772 466 V 896 474 2 21 v 1021 466 2 13 v 1145 466 V 1270 -466 V 1394 466 V 1519 466 V 175 484 a Fp(18)p 232 454 2 21 -v -34 w(18)p 149 454 V 49 w(19)p 315 454 V -34 w(19)p 232 454 -V 49 w(20)p 398 454 V -34 w(20)p 315 454 V 215 w(23)p 647 308 -2 42 v -200 w(21)p 398 308 V 436 296 a Fn(Accoun)o(ting)424 -484 y Fp(21)p 481 454 2 146 v -34 w(21)p 398 454 V 404 375 -a Fn(Exec)422 410 y(PI)507 484 y Fp(22)p 564 454 V -34 w(22)p -481 454 V 487 357 a Fn(Exec)483 392 y(Non{)505 427 y(PI)590 -484 y Fp(23)p 647 454 V -34 w(23)p 564 454 V 583 392 a Fn(On)673 -484 y Fp(24)p 730 454 2 21 v -34 w(24)p 647 454 V 49 w(25)p -813 454 2 187 v -34 w(25)p 730 454 V 732 336 a Fn(Time)737 -371 y(Base)749 407 y(On)839 484 y Fp(26)p 896 454 2 21 v -34 -w(26)p 813 454 V 49 w(27)p 979 454 V -34 w(27)p 896 454 V 49 -w(28)p 1062 454 V -34 w(28)p 979 454 V 49 w(29)p 1145 454 V --34 w(29)p 1062 454 V 49 w(30)p 1228 454 V -34 w(30)p 1145 -454 V 49 w(31)p 1311 454 V -34 w(31)p 1228 454 V 49 w(32)p -1394 454 V -34 w(32)p 1311 454 V 215 w(35)p 1644 454 2 187 -v -200 w(33)p 1394 454 V 1460 327 a Fn(Priorit)o(y)1449 368 -y(In)o(terrupt)1430 410 y(Assignmen)o(t)1503 484 y Fp(34)p -1561 454 2 21 v -34 w(34)p 1478 454 V 150 643 a FE(F)m(ormat)e(for)i -Fx(CONO)e(TIM,)i FE(\()p Fx(TIM)p FE(=20\))g(data:)p 150 907 -1495 2 v 149 906 2 187 v 150 720 1495 2 v 1644 906 2 187 v -274 919 2 13 v 398 919 V 523 919 V 647 919 V 772 919 V 896 -927 2 21 v 1021 919 2 13 v 1145 919 V 1270 919 V 1394 919 V -1519 919 V 175 937 a Fp(18)p 232 906 2 187 v -34 w(18)p 149 -906 V 167 789 a Fn(Clr)155 825 y(In)o(tvl)163 860 y(Cn)o(t)258 -937 y Fp(19)p 315 906 2 21 v -34 w(19)p 232 906 V 49 w(20)p -398 906 V -34 w(20)p 315 906 V 49 w(21)p 481 906 2 187 v -34 -w(21)p 398 906 V 403 771 a Fn(T)m(urn)404 807 y(In)o(tvl)412 -842 y(Cn)o(t)417 877 y(On)507 937 y Fp(22)p 564 906 V -34 w(22)p -481 906 V 499 786 a Fn(Clr)487 821 y(In)o(tvl)490 857 y(Flag)590 -937 y Fp(23)p 647 906 2 21 v -34 w(23)p 564 906 V 962 w(35)p -1644 906 2 187 v -947 w(24)p 647 906 V 1010 827 a FE(In)o(terv)n(al)g(P)o -(erio)q(d)756 937 y Fp(25)p 813 906 2 21 v -34 w(25)p 730 906 -V 49 w(26)p 896 906 V -34 w(26)p 813 906 V 49 w(27)p 979 906 -V -34 w(27)p 896 906 V 49 w(28)p 1062 906 V -34 w(28)p 979 -906 V 49 w(29)p 1145 906 V -34 w(29)p 1062 906 V 49 w(30)p -1228 906 V -34 w(30)p 1145 906 V 49 w(31)p 1311 906 V -34 w(31)p -1228 906 V 49 w(32)p 1394 906 V -34 w(32)p 1311 906 V 49 w(33)p -1478 906 V -34 w(33)p 1394 906 V 49 w(34)p 1561 906 V -34 w(34)p -1478 906 V 150 1096 a FE(F)m(ormat)e(for)i Fx(CONI)e(TIM,)i -FE(data:)p 150 1687 1495 2 v 149 1686 2 187 v 150 1500 1495 -2 v 1644 1686 2 187 v 398 1699 2 13 v 647 1699 V 896 1699 V -1145 1699 V 1394 1699 V 175 1716 a Fp(18)p 232 1686 2 21 v --34 w(18)p 149 1686 V 49 w(19)p 315 1686 V -34 w(19)p 232 1686 -V 49 w(20)p 398 1686 V -34 w(20)p 315 1686 V 215 w(23)p 647 -1582 2 84 v -200 w(21)p 398 1582 V 464 1535 a Fn(In)o(terv)n(al)461 -1570 y(Coun)o(ter)590 1716 y Fp(23)p 647 1686 2 187 v -200 -w(21)p 398 1686 V -34 w(21)p 481 1686 2 63 v -34 w(21)p 398 -1686 V 417 1666 a Fn(On)507 1716 y Fp(22)p 564 1686 V -34 w(22)p -481 1686 V 484 1666 a Fn(Done)590 1716 y Fp(23)p 647 1686 V --34 w(23)p 564 1686 V 574 1667 a Fn(Ov\015)515 1495 y(*)590 -1716 y Fp(23)p 647 1686 2 21 v -34 w(23)p 564 1686 V 962 w(35)p -1644 1686 2 187 v -947 w(24)p 647 1686 V 1010 1607 a FE(In)o(terv)n(al)g(P)o -(erio)q(d)756 1716 y Fp(25)p 813 1686 2 21 v -34 w(25)p 730 -1686 V 49 w(26)p 896 1686 V -34 w(26)p 813 1686 V 49 w(27)p -979 1686 V -34 w(27)p 896 1686 V 49 w(28)p 1062 1686 V -34 -w(28)p 979 1686 V 49 w(29)p 1145 1686 V -34 w(29)p 1062 1686 -V 49 w(30)p 1228 1686 V -34 w(30)p 1145 1686 V 49 w(31)p 1311 -1686 V -34 w(31)p 1228 1686 V 49 w(32)p 1394 1686 V -34 w(32)p -1311 1686 V 49 w(33)p 1478 1686 V -34 w(33)p 1394 1686 V 49 -w(34)p 1561 1686 V -34 w(34)p 1478 1686 V 150 1355 1495 2 v -149 1354 2 187 v 150 1168 1495 2 v 1644 1354 2 187 v 398 1367 -2 13 v 647 1367 V 896 1367 V 1145 1367 V 1394 1367 V 183 1384 -a(0)p 232 1354 2 21 v -17 w(0)p 149 1354 V 66 w(1)p 315 1354 -V -17 w(1)p 232 1354 V 66 w(2)p 398 1354 V -17 w(2)p 315 1354 -V 66 w(3)p 481 1354 V -17 w(3)p 398 1354 V 66 w(4)p 564 1354 -V -17 w(4)p 481 1354 V 66 w(5)p 647 1354 V -17 w(5)p 564 1354 -V 971 w(17)p 1644 1354 2 187 v -939 w(6)p 647 1354 V 1014 1275 -a FE(In)o(terv)n(al)f(Coun)o(t)764 1384 y Fp(7)p 813 1354 2 -21 v -17 w(7)p 730 1354 V 66 w(8)p 896 1354 V -17 w(8)p 813 -1354 V 66 w(9)p 979 1354 V -17 w(9)p 896 1354 V 58 w(10)p 1062 -1354 V -34 w(10)p 979 1354 V 49 w(11)p 1145 1354 V -34 w(11)p -1062 1354 V 49 w(12)p 1228 1354 V -34 w(12)p 1145 1354 V 49 -w(13)p 1311 1354 V -34 w(13)p 1228 1354 V 49 w(14)p 1394 1354 -V -34 w(14)p 1311 1354 V 49 w(15)p 1478 1354 V -34 w(15)p 1394 -1354 V 49 w(16)p 1561 1354 V -34 w(16)p 1478 1354 V 150 1876 -a FE(F)m(ormat)f(for)i Fx(WRP)m(AE)e FE(data:)p 150 2462 1495 -2 v 149 2461 2 187 v 150 2275 1495 2 v 1644 2461 2 187 v 398 -2473 2 13 v 647 2473 V 896 2473 V 1145 2473 V 1394 2473 V 839 -2491 a Fp(26)p 896 2357 2 84 v -698 w(18)p 149 2357 V 349 2324 -a Fn(Select)e(In)o(terrupt)f(Lev)o(els)839 2491 y Fp(26)p 896 -2461 2 187 v -698 w(18)p 149 2461 V -34 w(18)p 232 2461 2 63 -v -34 w(18)p 149 2461 V 181 2443 a FE(0)258 2491 y Fp(19)p -315 2461 V -34 w(19)p 232 2461 V 264 2443 a FE(1)341 2491 y -Fp(20)p 398 2461 V -34 w(20)p 315 2461 V 347 2443 a FE(2)424 -2491 y Fp(21)p 481 2461 V -34 w(21)p 398 2461 V 430 2443 a -FE(3)507 2491 y Fp(22)p 564 2461 V -34 w(22)p 481 2461 V 513 -2443 a FE(4)590 2491 y Fp(23)p 647 2461 V -34 w(23)p 564 2461 -V 596 2443 a FE(5)673 2491 y Fp(24)p 730 2461 V -34 w(24)p -647 2461 V 679 2443 a FE(6)756 2491 y Fp(25)p 813 2461 V -34 -w(25)p 730 2461 V 762 2443 a FE(7)839 2491 y Fp(26)p 896 2461 -V -34 w(26)p 813 2461 V 816 2441 a Fn(None)1005 2491 y Fp(28)p -1062 2357 2 84 v -117 w(27)p 896 2357 V 935 2309 a Fn(Select)937 -2345 y(Mo)q(de)1005 2491 y Fp(28)p 1062 2461 2 187 v -117 w(27)p -896 2461 V -34 w(27)p 979 2461 2 63 v -34 w(27)p 896 2461 V -912 2441 a Fn(Usr)1005 2491 y Fp(28)p 1062 2461 V -34 w(28)p -979 2461 V 990 2438 a Fn(Ignr)1088 2491 y Fp(29)p 1145 2357 -2 84 v -34 w(29)p 1062 2357 V 1067 2309 a Fn(Evn)o(t)1075 2345 -y(Dur)1088 2491 y Fp(29)p 1145 2461 2 187 v -34 w(29)p 1062 -2461 V 49 w(30)p 1228 2357 2 84 v -34 w(30)p 1145 2357 V 1163 -2310 a Fn(Clr)1159 2345 y(Cn)o(t)1171 2491 y Fp(30)p 1228 2461 -2 187 v -34 w(30)p 1145 2461 V 49 w(31)p 1311 2461 2 21 v -34 -w(31)p 1228 2461 V 49 w(32)p 1394 2461 V -34 w(32)p 1311 2461 -V 49 w(33)p 1478 2461 V -34 w(33)p 1394 2461 V 49 w(34)p 1561 -2461 V -34 w(34)p 1478 2461 V 49 w(35)p 1644 2461 V -34 w(35)p -1561 2461 V 150 2171 1495 2 v 149 2170 2 187 v 150 1984 1495 -2 v 1644 2170 2 187 v 398 2183 2 13 v 647 2183 V 896 2183 V -1145 2183 V 1394 2183 V 847 2200 a(8)p 896 2067 2 84 v -681 -w(0)p 149 2067 V 402 2037 a Fn(Select)h(Channels)847 2200 y -Fp(8)p 896 2170 2 187 v -681 w(0)p 149 2170 V -17 w(0)p 232 -2170 2 63 v -17 w(0)p 149 2170 V 181 2153 a FE(0)266 2200 y -Fp(1)p 315 2170 V -17 w(1)p 232 2170 V 264 2153 a FE(1)349 -2200 y Fp(2)p 398 2170 V -17 w(2)p 315 2170 V 347 2153 a FE(2)432 -2200 y Fp(3)p 481 2170 V -17 w(3)p 398 2170 V 430 2153 a FE(3)515 -2200 y Fp(4)p 564 2170 V -17 w(4)p 481 2170 V 513 2153 a FE(4)598 -2200 y Fp(5)p 647 2170 V -17 w(5)p 564 2170 V 596 2153 a FE(5)681 -2200 y Fp(6)p 730 2170 V -17 w(6)p 647 2170 V 679 2153 a FE(6)764 -2200 y Fp(7)p 813 2170 V -17 w(7)p 730 2170 V 762 2153 a FE(7)847 -2200 y Fp(8)p 896 2170 V -17 w(8)p 813 2170 V 816 2151 a Fn(None)930 -2200 y Fp(9)p 979 2067 2 84 v -17 w(9)p 896 2067 V 907 2017 -a Fn(Ignr)920 2050 y Fj(\026)p Fn(c)930 2200 y Fp(9)p 979 2170 -2 187 v -17 w(9)p 896 2170 V 141 w(11)p 1145 2067 2 84 v -117 -w(10)p 979 2067 V 1018 2019 a Fn(Select)1017 2054 y(Prob)q(e)1088 -2200 y Fp(11)p 1145 2170 2 187 v -117 w(10)p 979 2170 V -34 -w(10)p 1062 2170 2 63 v -34 w(10)p 979 2170 V 990 2151 a Fn(Lo)o(w)1088 -2200 y Fp(11)p 1145 2170 V -34 w(11)p 1062 2170 V 1073 2147 -a Fn(Ignr)1503 2200 y Fp(16)p 1561 2067 2 84 v -366 w(12)p -1145 2067 V 1150 2033 a Fn(Select)g(Memory)g(Conditions)1171 -2200 y Fp(12)p 1228 2170 2 104 v -34 w(12)p 1145 2170 V 1146 -2112 a Fn(EBo)o(x)1151 2147 y(W)m(ait)1179 1965 y FC(y)1254 -2200 y Fp(13)p 1311 2170 V -34 w(13)p 1228 2170 V 1236 2130 -a Fn(Miss)1262 1965 y FC(y)1337 2200 y Fp(14)p 1394 2170 V --34 w(14)p 1311 2170 V 1323 2112 a Fn(W)m(rt)1316 2148 y(Bac)o(k)1345 -1965 y FC(y)1420 2200 y Fp(15)p 1478 2170 V -34 w(15)p 1394 -2170 V 1404 2109 a Fn(Swp)1406 2151 y(W)m(rt)1428 1965 y FC(y)1503 -2200 y Fp(16)p 1561 2170 V -34 w(16)p 1478 2170 V 1495 2127 -a Fn(Ign)1586 2200 y Fp(17)p 1644 2170 2 187 v -34 w(17)p 1561 -2170 V eop -%%Page: 514 28 -514 27 bop 0 50 a FE(514)618 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(D.)27 b(INTERNAL)14 -b(DEVICE)g(BIT)h(ASSIGNMENTS)0 195 y FE(F)m(ormat)d(for)i Fx(CONO)e(APR,)h -FE(data:)p 0 454 1495 2 v -1 454 2 187 v 0 268 1495 2 v 1494 -454 2 187 v 248 466 2 13 v 497 466 V 746 466 V 995 466 V 1244 -466 V 25 484 a Fp(18)p 82 454 2 21 v -34 w(18)p -1 454 V 49 -w(19)p 165 454 2 187 v -34 w(19)p 82 454 V 100 313 a Fn(Clr)102 -349 y(All)96 386 y(I/O)94 430 y(Dev)222 379 y(Selected)d(Flags)191 -484 y Fp(20)p 248 308 2 42 v -34 w(20)p 165 308 V 176 299 a -Fn(En)o(b)191 484 y Fp(20)p 248 454 2 21 v -34 w(20)p 165 454 -V 49 w(21)p 331 308 2 42 v -34 w(21)p 248 308 V 265 299 a Fn(Dis)274 -484 y Fp(21)p 331 454 2 21 v -34 w(21)p 248 454 V 49 w(22)p -414 308 2 42 v -34 w(22)p 331 308 V 349 299 a Fn(Clr)357 484 -y Fp(22)p 414 454 2 21 v -34 w(22)p 331 454 V 49 w(23)p 497 -308 2 42 v -34 w(23)p 414 308 V 432 299 a Fn(Set)440 484 y -Fp(23)p 497 454 2 21 v -34 w(23)p 414 454 V 630 w(31)p 1161 -308 2 42 v -615 w(24)p 497 308 V 624 296 a Fn(Select)g(Flags)h(for)g(Bits)g -(20{23)523 484 y Fp(24)p 580 454 2 146 v -34 w(24)p 497 454 -V 501 375 a Fn(SBus)514 410 y(Err)606 484 y Fp(25)p 663 454 -V -34 w(25)p 580 454 V 601 375 a Fn(No)584 410 y(Mem)689 484 -y Fp(26)p 746 454 V -34 w(26)p 663 454 V 677 351 a Fn(I/O)669 -394 y(P)o(age)677 436 y(F)m(ail)772 484 y Fp(27)p 829 454 V --34 w(27)p 746 454 V 760 375 a Fn(MB)762 410 y(P)o(ar)855 484 -y Fp(28)p 912 454 V -34 w(28)p 829 454 V 842 375 a Fn(Cc)o(h)846 -410 y(Dir)938 484 y Fp(29)p 995 454 V -34 w(29)p 912 454 V -915 375 a Fn(Addr)928 410 y(P)o(ar)1021 484 y Fp(30)p 1078 -454 V -34 w(30)p 995 454 V 1006 374 a Fn(Pwr)1009 410 y(F)m(ail)1104 -484 y Fp(31)p 1161 454 V -34 w(31)p 1078 454 V 1088 371 a Fn(Swp)1081 -413 y(Done)1187 484 y Fp(32)p 1244 454 2 187 v -34 w(32)p 1161 -454 V 215 w(35)p 1494 454 V -200 w(33)p 1244 454 V 1310 327 -a Fn(Priorit)o(y)1299 368 y(In)o(terrupt)1280 410 y(Assignmen)o(t)1353 -484 y Fp(34)p 1411 454 2 21 v -34 w(34)p 1328 454 V 0 643 a -FE(F)m(ormat)h(for)i Fx(CONI)e(APR,)h FE(data:)p 0 1234 1495 -2 v -1 1233 2 187 v 0 1047 1495 2 v 1494 1233 2 187 v 248 1246 -2 13 v 497 1246 V 746 1246 V 995 1246 V 1244 1246 V 25 1263 -a Fp(18)p 82 1233 2 21 v -34 w(18)p -1 1233 V 49 w(19)p 165 -1233 2 187 v -34 w(19)p 82 1233 V 92 1127 a Fn(Swp)86 1169 -y(Busy)191 1263 y Fp(20)p 248 1233 2 21 v -34 w(20)p 165 1233 -V 49 w(21)p 331 1233 V -34 w(21)p 248 1233 V 49 w(22)p 414 -1233 V -34 w(22)p 331 1233 V 49 w(23)p 497 1233 V -34 w(23)p -414 1233 V 49 w(24)p 580 1233 2 187 v -34 w(24)p 497 1233 V -501 1134 a Fn(SBus)514 1169 y(Err)531 1042 y(*)606 1263 y Fp(25)p -663 1233 V -34 w(25)p 580 1233 V 601 1134 a Fn(No)584 1169 -y(Mem)614 1042 y(*)689 1263 y Fp(26)p 746 1233 V -34 w(26)p -663 1233 V 677 1110 a Fn(I/O)669 1153 y(P)o(age)677 1195 y(F)m(ail)697 -1042 y(*)772 1263 y Fp(27)p 829 1233 V -34 w(27)p 746 1233 -V 760 1134 a Fn(MB)762 1169 y(P)o(ar)780 1042 y(*)855 1263 -y Fp(28)p 912 1233 V -34 w(28)p 829 1233 V 842 1134 a Fn(Cc)o(h)846 -1169 y(Dir)863 1042 y(*)938 1263 y Fp(29)p 995 1233 V -34 w(29)p -912 1233 V 915 1134 a Fn(Addr)928 1169 y(P)o(ar)946 1042 y(*)1021 -1263 y Fp(30)p 1078 1233 V -34 w(30)p 995 1233 V 1006 1134 -a Fn(Pwr)1009 1169 y(F)m(ail)1029 1042 y(*)1104 1263 y Fp(31)p -1161 1233 V -34 w(31)p 1078 1233 V 1088 1130 a Fn(Swp)1081 -1172 y(Done)1112 1042 y(*)1187 1263 y Fp(32)p 1244 1233 V -34 -w(32)p 1161 1233 V 1181 1130 a Fn(In)o(t)1174 1166 y(Req)1436 -1263 y Fp(35)p 1494 1233 V -200 w(33)p 1244 1233 V 1310 1106 -a Fn(Priorit)o(y)1299 1148 y(In)o(terrupt)1280 1190 y(Assignmen)o(t)1353 -1263 y Fp(34)p 1411 1233 2 21 v -34 w(34)p 1328 1233 V 0 902 -1495 2 v -1 901 2 187 v 0 715 1495 2 v 1494 901 2 187 v 248 -914 2 13 v 497 914 V 746 914 V 995 914 V 1244 914 V 33 931 -a(0)p 82 901 2 21 v -17 w(0)p -1 901 V 66 w(1)p 165 901 V -17 -w(1)p 82 901 V 66 w(2)p 248 901 V -17 w(2)p 165 901 V 66 w(3)p -331 901 V -17 w(3)p 248 901 V 66 w(4)p 414 901 V -17 w(4)p -331 901 V 66 w(5)p 497 901 V -17 w(5)p 414 901 V 639 w(13)p -1161 756 2 42 v -607 w(6)p 497 756 V 622 744 a Fn(Flags)e(Enabled)f(to)h(In)o -(terrupt)531 931 y Fp(6)p 580 901 2 146 v -17 w(6)p 497 901 -V 501 822 a Fn(SBus)514 858 y(Err)614 931 y Fp(7)p 663 901 -V -17 w(7)p 580 901 V 601 822 a Fn(No)584 858 y(Mem)697 931 -y Fp(8)p 746 901 V -17 w(8)p 663 901 V 677 798 a Fn(I/O)669 -842 y(P)o(age)677 884 y(F)m(ail)780 931 y Fp(9)p 829 901 V --17 w(9)p 746 901 V 760 822 a Fn(MB)762 858 y(P)o(ar)855 931 -y Fp(10)p 912 901 V -34 w(10)p 829 901 V 842 823 a Fn(Cc)o(h)846 -858 y(Dir)938 931 y Fp(11)p 995 901 V -34 w(11)p 912 901 V -915 823 a Fn(Addr)928 858 y(P)o(ar)1021 931 y Fp(12)p 1078 -901 V -34 w(12)p 995 901 V 1006 822 a Fn(Pwr)1009 858 y(F)m(ail)1104 -931 y Fp(13)p 1161 901 V -34 w(13)p 1078 901 V 1088 819 a Fn(Swp)1081 -861 y(Done)1187 931 y Fp(14)p 1244 901 2 21 v -34 w(14)p 1161 -901 V 49 w(15)p 1328 901 V -34 w(15)p 1244 901 V 49 w(16)p -1411 901 V -34 w(16)p 1328 901 V 49 w(17)p 1494 901 V -34 w(17)p -1411 901 V 0 1423 a FE(F)m(ormat)h(for)i Fx(RDERA)e FE(data:)p -0 1967 1495 2 v -1 1966 2 187 v 0 1780 1495 2 v 1494 1966 2 -187 v 248 1979 2 13 v 497 1979 V 746 1979 V 995 1979 V 1244 -1979 V 1436 1997 a Fp(35)p 1494 1966 2 187 v -1445 w(18)p -1 -1966 V 415 1881 a Fn(Ph)o(ysical)e(Address)g(of)i(First)f(W)m(ord)g(of)g(T)m -(ransfer)108 1997 y Fp(19)p 165 1966 2 21 v -34 w(19)p 82 1966 -V 49 w(20)p 248 1966 V -34 w(20)p 165 1966 V 49 w(21)p 331 -1966 V -34 w(21)p 248 1966 V 49 w(22)p 414 1966 V -34 w(22)p -331 1966 V 49 w(23)p 497 1966 V -34 w(23)p 414 1966 V 49 w(24)p -580 1966 V -34 w(24)p 497 1966 V 49 w(25)p 663 1966 V -34 w(25)p -580 1966 V 49 w(26)p 746 1966 V -34 w(26)p 663 1966 V 49 w(27)p -829 1966 V -34 w(27)p 746 1966 V 49 w(28)p 912 1966 V -34 w(28)p -829 1966 V 49 w(29)p 995 1966 V -34 w(29)p 912 1966 V 49 w(30)p -1078 1966 V -34 w(30)p 995 1966 V 49 w(31)p 1161 1966 V -34 -w(31)p 1078 1966 V 49 w(32)p 1244 1966 V -34 w(32)p 1161 1966 -V 49 w(33)p 1328 1966 V -34 w(33)p 1244 1966 V 49 w(34)p 1411 -1966 V -34 w(34)p 1328 1966 V 0 1677 1495 2 v -1 1676 2 187 -v 0 1490 1495 2 v 1494 1676 2 187 v 248 1688 2 13 v 497 1688 -V 746 1688 V 995 1688 V 1244 1688 V 116 1706 a(1)p 165 1676 -2 187 v -100 w(0)p -1 1676 V 41 1576 a Fn(W)m(ord)21 1612 y(Num)o(b)q(er)116 -1706 y Fp(1)p 165 1676 2 21 v -17 w(1)p 82 1676 V 398 w(6)p -580 1572 2 84 v -349 w(2)p 165 1572 V 192 1542 a Fn(Reference)e(Iden)o -(ti\014cati)o(on)531 1706 y Fp(6)p 580 1676 2 187 v -349 w(2)p -165 1676 V -17 w(2)p 248 1676 2 63 v -17 w(2)p 165 1676 V 175 -1653 a Fn(Swp)282 1706 y Fp(3)p 331 1676 V -17 w(3)p 248 1676 -V 258 1656 a Fn(Chn)365 1706 y Fp(4)p 414 1676 V -17 w(4)p -331 1676 V 336 1656 a Fn(Data)448 1706 y Fp(5)p 497 1676 V --17 w(5)p 414 1676 V 432 1656 a Fn(Src)531 1706 y Fp(6)p 580 -1676 V -17 w(6)p 497 1676 V 509 1656 a Fn(W)m(rt)697 1706 y -Fp(8)p 746 1676 2 187 v -100 w(7)p 580 1676 V 622 1560 a Fn(Inde{)614 -1595 y(termi{)631 1628 y(nate)697 1706 y Fp(8)p 746 1676 2 -21 v -17 w(8)p 663 1676 V 390 w(13)p 1161 1676 2 187 v -358 -w(9)p 746 1676 V 944 1596 a FE(0)855 1706 y Fp(10)p 912 1676 -2 21 v -34 w(10)p 829 1676 V 49 w(11)p 995 1676 V -34 w(11)p -912 1676 V 49 w(12)p 1078 1676 V -34 w(12)p 995 1676 V 381 -w(17)p 1494 1676 2 187 v -283 w(14)p 1161 1676 V 1241 1573 -a Fn(High)i(Order)1230 1615 y(Address)f(Bits)1187 1706 y Fp(14)p -1244 1676 2 21 v -34 w(14)p 1161 1676 V 49 w(15)p 1328 1676 -V -34 w(15)p 1244 1676 V 49 w(16)p 1411 1676 V -34 w(16)p 1328 -1676 V eop -%%Page: 515 29 -515 28 bop 150 50 a Ft(D.2.)31 b(KL10)13 b(INTERNAL)h(DEVICE)h(BIT)f -(ASSIGNMENTS)707 b FE(515)150 195 y FA(D.2.1)55 b(TOPS{10)19 -b(\(KI)g(or)f(non{extended)g(KL\))g(P)n(aging)150 307 y FE(EPT)c(or)g(UPT)g -(page)g(map)e(en)o(try:)p 150 570 1495 2 v 149 569 2 150 v -150 420 1495 2 v 1644 569 2 150 v 274 581 2 13 v 398 581 V -523 581 V 647 581 V 772 581 V 896 590 2 21 v 1021 581 2 13 -v 1145 581 V 1270 581 V 1394 581 V 1519 581 V 162 599 a Fp(0)p -191 569 2 150 v -17 w(0)p 149 569 V 151 508 a Fz(A)204 599 -y Fp(1)p 232 569 V -17 w(1)p 191 569 V 194 508 a Fz(P)246 599 -y Fp(2)p 274 569 V -17 w(2)p 232 569 V 229 508 a Fz(W)287 599 -y Fp(3)p 315 569 V -17 w(3)p 274 569 V 279 508 a Fz(S)329 599 -y Fp(4)p 357 569 V -17 w(4)p 315 569 V 318 508 a Fz(C)860 599 -y Fp(17)p 896 569 V -524 w(5)p 357 569 V 498 480 a Fz(Physic)n(al)j(Page)449 -529 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(Bits)f(14{26)901 599 y Fp(18)p 938 569 -V -34 w(18)p 896 569 V 898 508 a Fz(A)943 599 y Fp(19)p 979 -569 V -34 w(19)p 938 569 V 941 508 a Fz(P)984 599 y Fp(20)p -1021 569 V -34 w(20)p 979 569 V 976 508 a Fz(W)1026 599 y Fp(21)p -1062 569 V -34 w(21)p 1021 569 V 1027 508 a Fz(S)1067 599 y -Fp(22)p 1104 569 V -34 w(22)p 1062 569 V 1065 508 a Fz(C)1607 -599 y Fp(35)p 1644 569 V -532 w(23)p 1104 569 V 1245 480 a -Fz(Physic)n(al)h(Page)1196 529 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)g(Bits)f(14{26)272 -396 y FE(Data)g(for)f(Ev)o(en)h(Virtual)g(P)o(age)251 b(Data)13 -b(for)g(Odd)i(Virtual)e(P)o(age)150 758 y(P)o(age{failure)g(w)o(ord:)p -150 1062 1495 2 v 149 1061 2 225 v 150 838 1495 2 v 1644 1061 -2 225 v 274 1073 2 13 v 398 1073 V 523 1073 V 647 1073 V 772 -1073 V 896 1082 2 21 v 1021 1073 2 13 v 1145 1073 V 1270 1073 -V 1394 1073 V 1519 1073 V 192 987 291 2 v 162 1091 a Fp(0)p -191 1061 2 225 v -17 w(0)p 149 1061 V 151 963 a Fz(U)370 1091 -y Fp(5)p 398 945 2 108 v -183 w(1)p 191 945 V 229 881 a Fz(F)m(ailur)n(e)249 -921 y(T)m(yp)n(e)370 1091 y Fp(5)p 398 986 2 42 v -183 w(1)p -191 986 V -17 w(1)p 232 986 V -17 w(1)p 191 986 V 202 979 a -FE(1)453 1091 y Fp(7)p 481 986 2 150 v -58 w(6)p 398 986 V --225 w(1)p 232 1061 2 75 v -17 w(1)p 191 1061 V 202 1037 a -FE(0)246 1091 y Fp(2)p 274 1061 V -17 w(2)p 232 1061 V 234 -1038 a Fz(A)287 1091 y Fp(3)p 315 1061 V -17 w(3)p 274 1061 -V 270 1038 a Fz(W)329 1091 y Fp(4)p 357 1061 V -17 w(4)p 315 -1061 V 321 1038 a Fz(S)370 1091 y Fp(5)p 398 1061 V -17 w(5)p -357 1061 V 359 1038 a Fz(T)412 1091 y Fp(6)p 440 1061 V -17 -w(6)p 398 1061 V 402 1038 a Fz(P)453 1091 y Fp(7)p 481 1061 -V -17 w(7)p 440 1061 V 442 1038 a Fz(C)495 1091 y Fp(8)p 523 -1061 2 225 v -17 w(8)p 481 1061 V 483 963 a Fz(V)1607 1091 -y Fp(35)p 1644 1061 V -740 w(18)p 896 1061 V 1126 963 a FE(Virtual)h(Address) -150 1250 y(V)m(alid)e Fx(MAP)i FE(data:)p 150 1380 1495 2 v -149 1379 2 75 v 150 1305 1495 2 v 1644 1379 2 75 v 274 1391 -2 13 v 398 1391 V 523 1391 V 647 1391 V 772 1391 V 896 1400 -2 21 v 1021 1391 2 13 v 1145 1391 V 1270 1391 V 1394 1391 V -1519 1391 V 162 1409 a Fp(0)p 191 1379 2 75 v -17 w(0)p 149 -1379 V 151 1356 a Fz(U)204 1409 y Fp(1)p 232 1379 V -17 w(1)p -191 1379 V 202 1355 a FE(0)246 1409 y Fp(2)p 274 1379 V -17 -w(2)p 232 1379 V 234 1356 a Fz(A)287 1409 y Fp(3)p 315 1379 -V -17 w(3)p 274 1379 V 270 1356 a Fz(W)329 1409 y Fp(4)p 357 -1379 V -17 w(4)p 315 1379 V 321 1356 a Fz(S)370 1409 y Fp(5)p -398 1379 V -17 w(5)p 357 1379 V 368 1355 a FE(0)412 1409 y -Fp(6)p 440 1379 V -17 w(6)p 398 1379 V 402 1356 a Fz(P)453 -1409 y Fp(7)p 481 1379 V -17 w(7)p 440 1379 V 442 1356 a Fz(C)495 -1409 y Fp(8)p 523 1379 V -17 w(8)p 481 1379 V 492 1355 a FE(1)694 -1409 y Fp(13)p 730 1379 V -192 w(9)p 523 1379 V 607 1355 a -FE(00)1607 1409 y Fp(35)p 1644 1379 V -906 w(14)p 730 1379 -V 1033 1352 a FE(Ph)o(ysical)g(Address)150 1568 y(Data)f(for)h(in)o(v)n(alid) -d(mapping:)p 150 1789 1495 2 v 149 1788 2 150 v 150 1639 1495 -2 v 1644 1788 2 150 v 274 1800 2 13 v 398 1800 V 523 1800 V -647 1800 V 772 1800 V 896 1809 2 21 v 1021 1800 2 13 v 1145 -1800 V 1270 1800 V 1394 1800 V 1519 1800 V 162 1818 a Fp(0)p -191 1788 2 150 v -17 w(0)p 149 1788 V 151 1727 a Fz(U)370 1818 -y Fp(5)p 398 1788 V -183 w(1)p 191 1788 V 229 1703 a Fz(F)m(ailur)n(e)249 -1744 y(T)m(yp)n(e)204 1818 y Fp(1)p 232 1788 2 42 v -17 w(1)p -191 1788 V 202 1781 a FE(1)412 1818 y Fp(6)p 440 1788 2 150 -v -17 w(6)p 398 1788 V 402 1727 a Fz(P)453 1818 y Fp(7)p 481 -1788 V -17 w(7)p 440 1788 V 442 1727 a Fz(C)495 1818 y Fp(8)p -523 1788 V -17 w(8)p 481 1788 V 492 1727 a FE(1)694 1818 y -Fp(13)p 730 1788 V -192 w(9)p 523 1788 V 607 1727 a FE(00)1607 -1818 y Fp(35)p 1644 1788 V -906 w(14)p 730 1788 V 1033 1724 -a FE(Ph)o(ysical)j(Address)150 2044 y FA(D.2.2)55 b(Extended)18 -b(KL)g(P)n(aging)h(\(TOPS{20)g(or)g(TOPS{10)g(7.02)f(and)h(later\))150 -2156 y FE(P)o(age)14 b(map)e(en)o(try:)p 524 2377 748 2 v 524 -2227 V 1270 2376 2 150 v 523 2376 V 525 2315 a Fz(A)p 564 2376 -V 12 w(P)p 606 2376 V 9 w(M)p 647 2376 V 2 w(W)p 689 2376 V -6 w(C)p 730 2376 V 875 2291 a FE(Ph)o(ysical)i(P)o(age)826 -2340 y(Address)i(Bits)e(14{26)p eop -%%Page: 516 30 -516 29 bop 0 50 a FE(516)618 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(D.)27 b(INTERNAL)14 -b(DEVICE)g(BIT)h(ASSIGNMENTS)0 195 y FE(P)o(age{failure)e(w)o(ord:)p -0 499 1495 2 v -1 498 2 225 v 0 275 1495 2 v 1494 498 2 225 -v 124 510 2 13 v 248 510 V 373 510 V 497 510 V 622 510 V 746 -519 2 21 v 871 510 2 13 v 995 510 V 1120 510 V 1244 510 V 1369 -510 V 42 424 291 2 v 12 528 a Fp(0)p 41 498 2 225 v -17 w(0)p --1 498 V 1 400 a Fz(U)220 528 y Fp(5)p 248 382 2 108 v -183 -w(1)p 41 382 V 79 318 a Fz(F)m(ailur)n(e)99 358 y(T)m(yp)n(e)220 -528 y Fp(5)p 248 423 2 42 v -183 w(1)p 41 423 V -17 w(1)p 82 -423 V -17 w(1)p 41 423 V 52 416 a FE(1)303 528 y Fp(7)p 331 -423 2 150 v -58 w(6)p 248 423 V -225 w(1)p 82 498 2 75 v -17 -w(1)p 41 498 V 52 474 a FE(0)96 528 y Fp(2)p 124 498 V -17 -w(2)p 82 498 V 84 475 a Fz(A)137 528 y Fp(3)p 165 498 V -17 -w(3)p 124 498 V 120 475 a Fz(W)179 528 y Fp(4)p 207 498 V -17 -w(4)p 165 498 V 171 475 a Fz(S)220 528 y Fp(5)p 248 498 V -17 -w(5)p 207 498 V 209 475 a Fz(T)262 528 y Fp(6)p 290 498 V -17 -w(6)p 248 498 V 252 475 a Fz(P)303 528 y Fp(7)p 331 498 V -17 -w(7)p 290 498 V 292 475 a Fz(C)345 528 y Fp(8)p 373 498 2 225 -v -17 w(8)p 331 498 V 333 400 a Fz(V)1457 528 y Fp(35)p 1494 -498 V -947 w(13)p 539 498 V 873 400 a FE(Virtual)g(Address)0 -687 y(P)o(age)h(address:)p 498 908 997 2 v 498 758 V 710 937 -a Fp(17)p 746 907 2 150 v -242 w(12)p 497 907 V 555 822 a FE(Storage)548 -871 y(Medium)917 937 y Fp(22)p 954 907 V -200 w(18)p 746 907 -V 770 847 a FE(Reserv)o(ed)1457 937 y Fp(35)p 1494 907 V -532 -w(23)p 954 907 V 1101 843 a FE(P)o(age)g(Num)o(b)q(er)0 1096 -y(CST)g(en)o(try:)p 0 1209 1495 2 v -1 1208 2 75 v 0 1134 1495 -2 v 1494 1208 2 75 v 124 1221 2 13 v 248 1221 V 373 1221 V -497 1221 V 622 1221 V 746 1229 2 21 v 871 1221 2 13 v 995 1221 -V 1120 1221 V 1244 1221 V 1369 1221 V 345 1238 a Fp(8)p 373 -1208 2 75 v -350 w(0)p -1 1208 V 86 1185 a FE(State)g(Co)q(de)1416 -1238 y Fp(34)p 1452 1208 V -1064 w(9)p 373 1208 V 832 1185 -a FE(Reserv)o(ed)1457 1238 y Fp(35)p 1494 1208 V -34 w(35)p -1452 1208 V 1451 1185 a Fz(M)0 1360 y FE(In)g(A)o(C)g(0,)f(blo)q(c)o(k)g(6:)p -0 1498 1495 2 v -1 1497 2 75 v 0 1423 1495 2 v 1494 1497 2 -75 v 124 1509 2 13 v 248 1509 V 373 1509 V 497 1509 V 622 1509 -V 746 1518 2 21 v 871 1509 2 13 v 995 1509 V 1120 1509 V 1244 -1509 V 1369 1509 V 1291 1527 a Fp(31)p 1328 1497 2 75 v -1313 -w(0)p -1 1497 V 616 1474 a FE(Mask)1457 1527 y Fp(35)p 1494 -1497 V -158 w(32)p 1328 1497 V 1339 1473 a FE(1)20 b(1)h(1)f(1)594 -1586 y(CST)14 b(Mask)f(W)m(ord)0 1728 y(In)h(A)o(C)g(1,)f(blo)q(c)o(k)g(6:)p -0 1865 1495 2 v -1 1865 2 75 v 0 1791 1495 2 v 1494 1865 2 -75 v 124 1877 2 13 v 248 1877 V 373 1877 V 497 1877 V 622 1877 -V 746 1885 2 21 v 871 1877 2 13 v 995 1877 V 1120 1877 V 1244 -1877 V 1369 1877 V 1291 1895 a Fp(31)p 1328 1865 2 75 v -1313 -w(0)p -1 1865 V 619 1841 a FE(Data)1457 1895 y Fp(35)p 1494 -1865 V -158 w(32)p 1328 1865 V 1339 1841 a FE(0)20 b(0)h(0)f(0)598 -1954 y(CST)13 b(Data)h(W)m(ord)0 2095 y(Access)i(p)q(oin)o(ter,)e(leftmost)e -(7)i(bits:)p 602 2233 291 2 v 601 2232 2 75 v 892 2232 V 602 -2158 291 2 v 697 2262 a Fp(2)p 726 2232 2 75 v -100 w(0)p 601 -2232 V 622 2205 a Fz(T)m(yp)n(e)739 2262 y Fp(3)p 767 2232 -V -17 w(3)p 726 2232 V 729 2209 a Fz(P)780 2262 y Fp(4)p 809 -2232 V -17 w(4)p 767 2232 V 764 2209 a Fz(W)863 2262 y Fp(6)p -892 2232 V -17 w(6)p 850 2232 V 853 2209 a Fz(C)0 2421 y FE(P)o(age)g(access) -i(p)q(oin)o(ters)e(\(section)h(access)g(p)q(oin)o(ters)g(are)f(similar\):)p -eop -%%Page: 517 31 -517 30 bop 150 50 a Ft(D.2.)31 b(KL10)13 b(INTERNAL)h(DEVICE)h(BIT)f -(ASSIGNMENTS)707 b FE(517)p 399 383 1495 2 v 398 382 2 150 -v 399 233 1495 2 v 1893 382 2 150 v 523 394 2 13 v 647 394 -V 772 394 V 896 394 V 1021 394 V 1145 403 2 21 v 1270 394 2 -13 v 1394 394 V 1519 394 V 1644 394 V 1768 394 V 495 412 a -Fp(2)p 523 382 2 150 v -100 w(0)p 398 382 V 452 319 a FD(0)1856 -412 y Fp(35)p 1893 382 V -1354 w(3)p 523 382 V 1032 317 a Ff(A)o(vailable)11 -b(to)i(Softwar)n(e)150 321 y Fz(No)i(A)n(c)n(c)n(ess)150 652 -y(Imme)n(diate)p 399 713 1495 2 v 398 712 2 150 v 399 564 1495 -2 v 1893 712 2 150 v 523 725 2 13 v 647 725 V 772 725 V 896 -725 V 1021 725 V 1145 733 2 21 v 1270 725 2 13 v 1394 725 V -1519 725 V 1644 725 V 1768 725 V 495 742 a Fp(2)p 523 712 2 -150 v -100 w(0)p 398 712 V 452 650 a FD(1)536 742 y Fp(3)p -564 712 V -17 w(3)p 523 712 V 527 650 a Ff(P)578 742 y Fp(4)p -606 712 V -17 w(4)p 564 712 V 563 650 a Ff(W)661 742 y Fp(6)p -689 712 V -17 w(6)p 647 712 V 651 650 a Ff(C)860 742 y Fp(11)p -896 712 V -192 w(7)p 689 712 V 718 651 a FD(Reserv)o(ed)1109 -742 y Fp(17)p 1145 712 V -242 w(12)p 896 712 V 956 628 a Ff(Stor)n(age)951 -673 y(Me)n(dium)1317 742 y Fp(22)p 1353 712 V -201 w(18)p 1145 -712 V 1175 651 a FD(Reserv)o(ed)1856 742 y Fp(35)p 1893 712 -V -532 w(23)p 1353 712 V 1507 624 a Ff(Page)e(Numb)n(er)1512 -670 y(F)m(or)g(Mapping)p 399 1044 1495 2 v 398 1043 2 150 v -399 894 1495 2 v 1893 1043 2 150 v 523 1055 2 13 v 647 1055 -V 772 1055 V 896 1055 V 1021 1055 V 1145 1064 2 21 v 1270 1055 -2 13 v 1394 1055 V 1519 1055 V 1644 1055 V 1768 1055 V 495 -1073 a Fp(2)p 523 1043 2 150 v -100 w(0)p 398 1043 V 452 980 -a FD(2)536 1073 y Fp(3)p 564 1043 V -17 w(3)p 523 1043 V 527 -981 a Ff(P)578 1073 y Fp(4)p 606 1043 V -17 w(4)p 564 1043 -V 563 981 a Ff(W)661 1073 y Fp(6)p 689 1043 V -17 w(6)p 647 -1043 V 651 981 a Ff(C)1109 1073 y Fp(17)p 1145 1043 V -441 -w(7)p 689 1043 V 843 981 a FD(Reserv)o(ed)1856 1073 y Fp(35)p -1893 1043 V -740 w(18)p 1145 1043 V 1242 955 a Ff(Index)f(to)h(SPT)h(lo)n(c)n -(ation)d(c)n(ontaining)1298 1000 y(Page)i(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(for)h(Mapping)150 -983 y Fz(Shar)n(e)n(d)p 399 1374 1495 2 v 398 1373 2 150 v -399 1225 1495 2 v 1893 1373 2 150 v 523 1386 2 13 v 647 1386 -V 772 1386 V 896 1386 V 1021 1386 V 1145 1394 2 21 v 1270 1386 -2 13 v 1394 1386 V 1519 1386 V 1644 1386 V 1768 1386 V 495 -1403 a Fp(2)p 523 1373 2 150 v -100 w(0)p 398 1373 V 451 1312 -a FE(3)536 1403 y Fp(3)p 564 1373 V -17 w(3)p 523 1373 V 526 -1313 a Fz(P)578 1403 y Fp(4)p 606 1373 V -17 w(4)p 564 1373 -V 561 1313 a Fz(W)661 1403 y Fp(6)p 689 1373 V -17 w(6)p 647 -1373 V 650 1313 a Fz(C)1109 1403 y Fp(17)p 1145 1373 V -358 -w(9)p 772 1373 V 868 1288 a Fz(Page)j(Map)910 1337 y(Index)1856 -1403 y Fp(35)p 1893 1373 V -740 w(18)p 1145 1373 V 1173 1284 -a Fz(Index)f(to)g(SPT)g(lo)n(c)n(ation)g(c)n(ontaining)h(p)n(age)1251 -1334 y(A)n(ddr)n(ess)f(of)f(another)i(Page)f(Map)150 1313 y(Indir)n(e)n(ct) -150 1521 y Fx(MAP)e FE(instruction,)h(true)h(mapping:)p 150 -1659 1495 2 v 149 1658 2 75 v 150 1584 1495 2 v 1644 1658 2 -75 v 274 1670 2 13 v 398 1670 V 523 1670 V 647 1670 V 772 1670 -V 896 1679 2 21 v 1021 1670 2 13 v 1145 1670 V 1270 1670 V -1394 1670 V 1519 1670 V 162 1688 a Fp(0)p 191 1658 2 75 v -17 -w(0)p 149 1658 V 151 1635 a Fz(U)204 1688 y Fp(1)p 232 1658 -V -17 w(1)p 191 1658 V 202 1634 a FE(0)246 1688 y Fp(2)p 274 -1658 V -17 w(2)p 232 1658 V 243 1634 a FE(1)287 1688 y Fp(3)p -315 1658 V -17 w(3)p 274 1658 V 273 1635 a Fz(M)329 1688 y -Fp(4)p 357 1658 V -17 w(4)p 315 1658 V 312 1635 a Fz(W)370 -1688 y Fp(5)p 398 1658 V -17 w(5)p 357 1658 V 368 1634 a FE(0)412 -1688 y Fp(6)p 440 1658 V -17 w(6)p 398 1658 V 402 1635 a Fz(P)453 -1688 y Fp(7)p 481 1658 V -17 w(7)p 440 1658 V 442 1635 a Fz(C)495 -1688 y Fp(8)p 523 1658 V -17 w(8)p 481 1658 V 492 1634 a FE(1)694 -1688 y Fp(13)p 730 1658 V -192 w(9)p 523 1658 V 607 1634 a -FE(00)1607 1688 y Fp(35)p 1644 1658 V -906 w(14)p 730 1658 -V 1033 1631 a FE(Ph)o(ysical)f(Address)150 1847 y Fx(MAP)f -FE(instruction,)h(no)g(v)n(alid)e(mapping:)p 150 2068 1495 -2 v 149 2067 2 150 v 150 1918 1495 2 v 1644 2067 2 150 v 274 -2079 2 13 v 398 2079 V 523 2079 V 647 2079 V 772 2079 V 896 -2088 2 21 v 1021 2079 2 13 v 1145 2079 V 1270 2079 V 1394 2079 -V 1519 2079 V 162 2097 a Fp(0)p 191 2067 2 150 v -17 w(0)p -149 2067 V 151 2006 a Fz(U)370 2097 y Fp(5)p 398 2067 V -183 -w(1)p 191 2067 V 229 1982 a Fz(F)m(ailur)n(e)249 2023 y(T)m(yp)n(e)495 -2097 y Fp(8)p 523 2067 V -100 w(6)p 398 2067 V 265 w(13)p 730 -2067 V -192 w(9)p 523 2067 V 607 2006 a FE(00)1607 2097 y Fp(35)p -1644 2067 V -906 w(14)p 730 2067 V 1096 2007 a FE(Unde\014ned)150 -2256 y(P)o(age{failure)h(trap,)h(illegal)d(write:)p 710 2394 -374 2 v 710 2393 2 75 v 1083 2393 V 710 2319 374 2 v 723 2423 -a Fp(0)p 751 2393 2 75 v -17 w(0)p 710 2393 V 712 2370 a Fz(U)764 -2423 y Fp(1)p 793 2393 V -17 w(1)p 751 2393 V 762 2369 a FE(0)806 -2423 y Fp(2)p 834 2393 V -17 w(2)p 793 2393 V 804 2369 a FE(1)847 -2423 y Fp(3)p 876 2393 V -17 w(3)p 834 2393 V 845 2369 a FE(0)889 -2423 y Fp(4)p 917 2393 V -17 w(4)p 876 2393 V 887 2369 a FE(0)930 -2423 y Fp(5)p 959 2393 V -17 w(5)p 917 2393 V 928 2369 a FE(1)972 -2423 y Fp(6)p 1000 2393 V -17 w(6)p 959 2393 V 962 2370 a Fz(P)1013 -2423 y Fp(7)p 1042 2393 V -17 w(7)p 1000 2393 V 1003 2370 a -Fz(C)1055 2423 y Fp(8)p 1083 2393 V -17 w(8)p 1042 2393 V 1053 -2369 a FE(1)p eop -%%Page: 518 32 -518 31 bop 0 50 a FE(518)618 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(D.)27 b(INTERNAL)14 -b(DEVICE)g(BIT)h(ASSIGNMENTS)0 195 y FE(P)o(age{failure)e(trap,)h(no)f(v)n -(alid)f(mapping:)p 560 333 374 2 v 560 332 2 75 v 933 332 V -560 258 374 2 v 573 362 a Fp(0)p 601 332 2 75 v -17 w(0)p 560 -332 V 562 309 a Fz(U)614 362 y Fp(1)p 643 332 V -17 w(1)p 601 -332 V 612 308 a FE(0)656 362 y Fp(2)p 684 332 V -17 w(2)p 643 -332 V 654 308 a FE(0)697 362 y Fp(3)p 726 332 V -17 w(3)p 684 -332 V 695 308 a FE(0)739 362 y Fp(4)p 767 332 V -17 w(4)p 726 -332 V 737 308 a FE(0)780 362 y Fp(5)p 809 332 V -17 w(5)p 767 -332 V 770 309 a Fz(T)822 362 y Fp(6)p 850 332 V -17 w(6)p 809 -332 V 820 308 a FE(0)863 362 y Fp(7)p 892 332 V -17 w(7)p 850 -332 V 861 308 a FE(0)905 362 y Fp(8)p 933 332 V -17 w(8)p 892 -332 V 903 308 a FE(1)p eop -%%Page: 519 33 -519 32 bop 1888 50 a FE(519)150 542 y Fs(App)s(endix)34 b(E)150 -785 y FG(TDBOOT)40 b(Comm)o(and)c(Summ)o(ary)150 1037 y FE(The)14 -b(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(this)h(app)q(endix)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)i(created)g -(mec)o(hanically)d(from)g(the)i(online)f(help)h(texts)h(con)o(tained)150 -1087 y(within)e(the)i Fy(TDBoot)f FE(program.)i(Hop)q(efully)m(,)c(this)i -(approac)o(h)g(encourages)h(the)g(accuracy)g(and)e(completeness)150 -1137 y(of)j(b)q(oth)h(this)f(prin)o(ted)h(form)e(and)h(the)i(online)e(help)g -(texts.)27 b(Because)19 b(this)d(is)h(automatically)c(generated,)18 -b(the)150 1187 y(t)o(yp)q(ographical)f(con)o(v)o(en)o(tions)g(used)i(in)e -(this)h(app)q(endix)f(v)n(ary)g(sligh)o(tly)g(from)f(those)i(found)f -(elsewhere)j(in)d(this)150 1236 y(man)o(ual.)f(This)d(app)q(endix)h -(re\015ects)i Fy(TDBoot)e FE(V)m(ersion)g(3.3\(119\)-1)o(.)150 -1409 y Fv(E.1)69 b(Macro{console)24 b(comm)m(ands)150 1536 -y FE(The)11 b(commands)c(that)j(are)h(pro)q(cessed)i(b)o(y)c(the)i -(macro{console)e(are)i(listed)f(b)q(elo)o(w.)16 b(\(Micro{console)11 -b(commands,)150 1586 y(all)i(of)g(whic)o(h)h(start)g(with)g(the)g(p)q(erio)q -(d)h(\(\\."\))i(c)o(haracter,)e(are)f(listed)g(in)g(the)g(next)h(section.\)) -150 1671 y(The)c(syn)o(tax)f(\\C[ONTINUE]")g(in)g(a)g(command)e(or)i(other)h -(k)o(eyw)o(ord)g(means)f(that)g(\\C")g(is)g(an)g(explicit)g(shorthand)150 -1721 y(for)k(\\CONTINUE",)f(ev)o(en)i(though)f(it)f(migh)o(t)f(otherwise)j(b) -q(e)f(am)o(biguous.)150 1789 y Fw(BOOT)111 b FE(Load)15 b(an)g(executable)h -(\014le)f(in)o(to)f(memory)f(and)i(start)g(it.)21 b(The)16 -b(optional)d(argumen)o(t)h(can)i(sp)q(ecify)f(a)349 1839 y(path)d(to)g(a)g -(\014le)g(on)g(a)g(TOPS{20)g(or)g(TOPS{10)f(structure,)k(a)c(net)o(w)o(ork)i -(no)q(de,)f(a)g(sp)q(eci\014c)h(SCSI)f(tap)q(e)349 1889 y(device)j(nexus,)f -(an)g(op)q(erating)g(system)f(tap)q(e)i(sp)q(eci\014er,)g(or)f(a)f(sequen)o -(tial)h(SCSI)g(tap)q(e)h(name.)349 1956 y Fw(BOOT)21 b(path)474 -2024 y FE(The)14 b(path)g(argumen)o(t)f(can)h(ha)o(v)o(e)g(one)g(of)f(the)h -(follo)o(wing)e(formats:)536 2125 y Fw(str:name.)o(typ.g)o(en)47 -b FE(T)m(o)13 b(sp)q(ecify)h(a)g(TOPS{20)g(disk)f(\014le)536 -2192 y Fw(str:name.ext[p,pn,)o(sub])112 b FE(T)m(o)13 b(sp)q(ecify)h(a)g -(TOPS{10)g(disk)f(\014le)536 2260 y Fw(node::'remote-file)o(')178 -b FE(T)m(o)28 b(sp)q(ecify)h(a)f(net)o(w)o(ork)h(\014le)g(\(not)g(imple-)1131 -2310 y(men)o(ted)13 b(y)o(et\))536 2377 y Fw(#)22 b(slot)f(bus)g(target)f -([unit])71 b FE(T)m(o)13 b(sp)q(ecify)h(an)g(explicit)f(SCSI)h(nexus)536 -2445 y Fw(MTAnnn:)441 b FE(T)m(o)16 b(sp)q(ecify)i(a)f(SCSI)g(tap)q(e)h(b)o -(y)e(its)i(sequen)o(tial)1131 2495 y(nexus)c(p)q(osition)536 -2563 y Fw(channel,)20 b(controller,)g(unit)49 b FE(Op)q(erating)14 -b(system)g(tap)q(e)g(sp)q(eci\014er)p eop -%%Page: 520 34 -520 33 bop 0 50 a FE(520)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)324 195 y FE(If)19 b(no)g(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(sp)q -(eci\014ed,)j(the)e(default)e(b)q(o)q(ot)i(string)f(is)g(used)h(\(see)h(the)f -(\\DEFINE)324 245 y(BOOT")13 b(command\).)i(If)e(no)f(structure,)j(no)q(de,)e -(\\#",)e(\\MT)m(Annn:",)h(or)h(op)q(erating)f(system)324 295 -y(tap)q(e)j(sp)q(eci\014er)h(is)e(sp)q(eci\014ed,)i(a)e(TOPS{20)g(structure)j -(is)d(lo)q(cated)h(whose)g(A)o(UTOMA)m(TIC{)324 345 y(ST)m(AR)m(TUP)e -(parameter)h(has)h(b)q(een)h(set)f(to)f(this)h(system's)f(ID)g(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er.)19 b(If)14 b(none)h(is)f(found,)324 394 y(the)d(TOPS{10)f(structure)j -(with)d(the)h(name)e(b)q(eginning)h(with)g(\\DSK")g(and)h(the)g(lo)o(w)o(est) -f(letter)324 444 y(\\x")k(\(starting)g(at)h(\\A"\))f(is)h(used.)21 -b(If)14 b(a)g(TOPS{20)h(structure)i(is)d(used,)h(the)g(remaining)e(\014le)324 -494 y(\014elds)h(are)g(defaulted)g(from)f(the)h(follo)o(wing)d(\014le)j(sp)q -(eci\014cation:)412 597 y Fw(MONITR.EXE.)o(0)324 701 -y FE(or)f(if)g(a)g(TOPS{10)g(structure)i(is)e(used,)h(the)g(remaining)d -(\014le)j(\014elds)g(are)f(defaulted)h(from)d(the)324 751 y(follo)o(wing)g -(\014le)j(sp)q(eci\014cation:)412 854 y Fw(SYSTEM.EXE[1,4])324 -958 y FE(F)m(or)g(a)h(net)o(w)o(ork)g(\014le,)f(sp)q(ecify)i(a)e(no)q(de)i -(name)d(terminated)h(b)o(y)h(t)o(w)o(o)f(colons.)21 b(F)m(ollo)o(wing)12 -b(the)324 1007 y(no)q(de)h(name)e(should)i(b)q(e)g(a)f(remote)h(\014le)f(sp)q -(eci\014cation)i(enclosed)f(in)g(either)g(single)f(or)h(double)324 -1057 y(quotes)h(\(either)h(')f(or)g("\).)k(The)d(in)o(terpretation)f(of)g -(the)g(sp)q(eci\014cation)h(is)f(left)g(to)g(the)g(remote)324 -1107 y(system.)324 1175 y(***)f(Net)o(w)o(ork)h(\014les)g(are)h(not)e(y)o(et) -i(implem)o(en)o(ted.)324 1242 y(F)m(or)c(an)h(explicit)f(SCSI)h(nexus,)h(en)o -(ter)g(a)e(p)q(ound)h(sign)g(\(\\#"\),)f(follo)o(w)o(ed)f(b)o(y)i(the)g(slot) -g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)324 1292 y(of)j(a)h(mass{storage)f(con)o(troller,)h(a)g -(SCSI)g(bus)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)g(a)f(SCSI)h(device)h(ID,)e(and)h(\014nally)m -(,)324 1342 y(an)e(optional)e(SCSI)i(logical)f(unit)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)k -(This)13 b(metho)q(d)h(cannot)g(b)q(e)h(used)g(to)f(b)q(o)q(ot)g(from)324 -1392 y(a)f(structure,)j(since)f(a)e(structure)j(could)e(include)g(more)f -(than)h(one)g(SCSI)g(disk.)324 1459 y(F)m(or)j(a)h(sequen)o(tial)g(SCSI)h -(tap)q(e,)g(sp)q(ecify)f(\\MT)m(Annn:")26 b(where)19 b(\\nnn")f(is)g(the)h -(sequen)o(tial)324 1509 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(the)i(desired)g(tap)q(e.)33 -b(The)19 b(tap)q(es)h(are)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)e(starting)h(at)g(zero)g(as)g -(they)324 1559 y(are)f(encoun)o(tered)i(while)e(scanning)g(the)h -(mass{storage)e(con)o(trollers,)i(SCSI)f(buses,)i(SCSI)324 -1609 y(devices,)f(and)e(SCSI)h(logical)d(units,)j(in)f(that)h(order.)29 -b(Th)o(us)18 b(MT)m(A2:)25 b(sp)q(eci\014es)19 b(the)f(third)324 -1659 y(SCSI)c(tap)q(e)g(encoun)o(tered)i(during)e(the)g(scan.)324 -1726 y(F)m(or)i(an)g(op)q(erating)g(system)g(tap)q(e)h(sp)q(eci\014er,)h(sp)q -(ecify)f(three)g(decimal)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers:)22 b(c)o(hannel,)324 -1776 y(con)o(troller,)16 b(and)g(unit)h(separated)g(b)o(y)f(commas.)23 -b(The)17 b(decimal)e(c)o(hannel)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(is)g(con-)324 -1826 y(structed)g(b)o(y)e(coun)o(ting)g(buses.)21 b(Buses)16 -b(0)e(thru)h(3)f(on)g(the)h(mass{storage)f(con)o(troller)g(in)g(the)324 -1876 y(lo)o(w)o(est)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)g(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(are)i(c)o -(hannels)g(0)f(thru)h(3;)f(buses)i(0)e(thru)h(3)f(on)g(the)h(mass{)324 -1926 y(storage)g(con)o(troller)h(in)e(the)i(next)g(lo)o(w)o(est)f(slot)g(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)f(are)i(c)o(hannels)f(4)g(thru)h(7;)f(the)g(next)324 -1975 y(w)o(ould)g(b)q(e)i(8)f(thru)g(11,)g(and)g(so)g(on.)24 -b(F)m(or)16 b(SCSI)g(devices)h(with)f(LUN)g(zero,)h(the)g(con)o(troller)324 -2025 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)c(can)h(b)q(e)g({1)f(and)g(the)i(unit)e(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)g(is)g(the)i(decimal)d(target)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)j(Otherwise,)324 -2075 y(the)f(con)o(troller)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(is)h(the)h(decimal)d(target)i -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(and)h(the)h(unit)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(is)f(the)324 -2125 y(LUN.)i(F)m(or)f(example,)h(if)f(there)i(are)g(t)o(w)o(o)f -(mass{storage)f(con)o(trollers)i(in)e(the)i(system,)f(the)324 -2175 y(tap)q(e)g(with)f(target)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(8)g(and)g(LUN)h(0)f(on)g -(bus)h(1)f(in)g(slot)g(7)g(\(the)h(higher)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)324 -2225 y(mass{storage)d(con)o(troller)h(slot\))g(w)o(ould)f(b)q(e)h(accessed)i -(b)o(y:)412 2328 y(5,{1,8)199 2449 y Fw(BOOT)21 b(switches)324 -2517 y FE(Switc)o(hes)15 b(should)e(b)q(e)i(en)o(tered)g(after)f(all)f(other) -i(argumen)o(ts.)324 2585 y Fw(/CACHE)p eop -%%Page: 521 35 -521 34 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.1.)31 b(MA)o(CR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)981 -b FE(521)561 195 y(Enable)14 b(cac)o(hing)f(of)g(loaded)g(pages.)18 -b(This)c(switc)o(h)g(implies)d(/CST.)i(The)h(cac)o(hable)g(bit)561 -245 y(is)h(set)i(in)e(all)f(CST)h(en)o(tries.)24 b(Do)15 b(not)h(use)g(this)f -(option)g(if)g(the)h(loaded)f(program)f(uses)561 295 y(direct)f(I/O)g(b)q(et) -o(w)o(een)h(system)e(memory)e(and)i(the)i(XRH)e(or)g(XNI)h(unless)g(the)h -(program)561 345 y(clears)k(the)f(appropriate)g(cac)o(hable)g(bits)g(in)g -(the)g(CST)g(\014rst.)28 b(This)17 b(switc)o(h)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)561 -394 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)f(with)f(the)g(\014rst)h(program)d(loaded)i(in)o(to)f -(memory)m(.)474 480 y Fw(/CST)561 548 y FE(When)e(loading)e(the)i(program)e -(in)o(to)h(memory)m(,)e(create)13 b(a)d(CST.)g(This)h(CST)f(will)g(b)q(e)h -(used)561 597 y(when)17 b(the)g(program)e(is)i(run)g(\(b)o(y)g(/ST)m(AR)m(T)e -(no)o(w,)h(or)h(ST)m(AR)m(T)e(later\).)27 b(This)17 b(switc)o(h)561 -647 y(m)o(ust)c(b)q(e)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(with)d(the)i(\014rst)f(program)f -(loaded)g(in)o(to)g(memory)m(.)474 733 y Fw(/CORE-DUMP)561 -800 y FE(Set)18 b(the)f(data)g(mo)q(de)f(to)g(Core)i(Dump)d(format.)26 -b(In)16 b(this)h(mo)q(de,)g(eac)o(h)g(36{bit)f(w)o(ord)561 -850 y(corresp)q(onds)i(to)e(\014v)o(e)g(8{bit)f(b)o(ytes.)26 -b(The)16 b(\014rst)h(four)f(8{bit)f(b)o(ytes)i(con)o(tain)e(bits)h(0{7,)561 -900 y(8{15,)c(16{23,)g(and)i(24{31,)e(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)19 -b(The)14 b(last)f(b)o(yte)i(con)o(tains)e(bits)h(32{35)e(righ)o(t)561 -950 y(justi\014ed.)18 b(This)c(switc)o(h)g(applies)g(only)f(to)h(sequen)o -(tial{access)h(devices)g(\(tap)q(es\).)474 1035 y Fw(/DEBUG)561 -1103 y FE(Set)d(CF\045DBG)f(in)h(con)o(trol)f(\015ags)h(\(W)o(CTRLF/R)o -(CTRLF\))e(when)i(starting)g(program.)561 1153 y(This)j(can)g(b)q(e)g(used)h -(to)e(tell)h(a)f(program)f(\(suc)o(h)j(as)f(the)g(monitor\))e(that)i(it)f -(should)h(run)561 1203 y(in)e(debug)i(mo)q(de.)474 1288 y Fw(/DDT)561 -1356 y FE(Load)10 b(TDBo)q(ot)h(and)f(its)h(cop)o(y)g(of)f(DDT)g(in)o(to)g -(memory)f(and)h(start)i(DDT)e(with)g(sym)o(b)q(ols)561 1406 -y(set)17 b(up)e(for)h(the)g(loaded)f(program.)22 b(This)16 -b(switc)o(h)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(with)f(the)g(\014rst)561 -1456 y(program)c(loaded)i(in)o(to)f(memory)m(.)474 1541 y Fw(/HIGH-DENSITY) -561 1609 y FE(Set)i(the)h(data)e(mo)q(de)g(to)g(High{Densit)o(y)g(format.)19 -b(In)c(this)f(mo)q(de,)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(36{bit)g(w)o(ords)561 -1659 y(corresp)q(ond)k(to)e(nine)g(8{bit)f(b)o(ytes.)26 b(The)17 -b(\014rst)g(four)f(8{bit)f(b)o(ytes)i(con)o(tain)f(bits)g(0{7,)561 -1709 y(8{15,)11 b(16{23,)g(and)g(24{31)g(of)h(the)g(\014rst)h(w)o(ord,)f -(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)18 b(The)13 b(\014fth)f(b)o(yte)g(con)o(tains)561 -1758 y(bits)g(32{35)e(of)h(the)h(\014rst)h(w)o(ord)e(in)g(the)h(high{order)g -(4)f(bits)h(and)f(bits)h(0{3)f(of)g(the)h(second)561 1808 y(w)o(ord)17 -b(in)h(the)g(lo)o(w{order)f(4)h(bits.)29 b(The)18 b(last)g(four)f(8{bit)g(b)o -(ytes)h(con)o(tain)g(bits)f(4{11,)561 1858 y(12{19,)10 b(20{27,)h(and)g -(28{35)g(of)g(the)h(second)h(w)o(ord,)e(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)19 -b(This)11 b(switc)o(h)h(applies)561 1908 y(only)h(to)h(sequen)o(tial{access)h -(devices)g(\(tap)q(es\).)474 1993 y Fw(/MERGE)561 2061 y FE(Merge)g(the)f(sp) -q(eci\014ed)i(program)c(with)i(an)o(y)f(programs)g(already)g(in)h(memory)m(.) -474 2147 y Fw(/NOLONG-TRANSFER)o(S)561 2214 y FE(Do)j(not)g(use)h(m)o -(ulti{page)d(transfers.)29 b(This)17 b(switc)o(h)h(applies)f(only)f(to)i -(direct{access)561 2264 y(devices)h(\(disks\).)30 b(By)17 b(default,)h(TDBo)q -(ot)g(will)e(attempt)h(to)g(com)o(bine)g(transfers)i(in-)561 -2314 y(v)o(olving)10 b(sequetial)i(pages)g(on)g(disk)g(in)o(to)f(large)g -(groups)h(called)g(\\long)f(transfers".)18 b(This)561 2364 -y(switc)o(h)c(forces)h(eac)o(h)f(page)g(to)g(b)q(e)g(pro)q(cessed)j(as)d(a)f -(separate)i(transfer.)474 2449 y Fw(/PROTECT)561 2517 y FE(Load)i(this)h -(program)e(in)o(to)h(protected)i(lo)q(cations)e(in)g(high)g(ph)o(ysical)g -(memory)e(along)561 2567 y(with)e(the)i(paging)d(data.)18 b(This)c(is)f -(useful)h(for)g(k)o(eeping)g(a)f(program)f(out)i(of)f(the)h(w)o(a)o(y)g(of) -561 2617 y(a)g(program)e(loaded)h(in)o(to)g(lo)o(w)g(memory)m(.)p -eop -%%Page: 522 36 -522 35 bop 0 50 a FE(522)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)324 195 y Fw(/REWIND)411 263 y FE(Rewind)f(the)i(SCSI) -f(device)h(b)q(efore)f(p)q(erforming)f(the)h(requested)i(op)q(eration.)324 -348 y Fw(/START:address)411 416 y FE(After)g(loading)f(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h -(program,)e(start)h(it)g(at)f(the)i(address)g(supplied.)24 -b(If)15 b(the)411 466 y(address)g(b)q(egins)f(with)g(a)f(\\+")h(is)g(is)g(in) -o(terpreted)h(as)f(an)g(en)o(try{v)o(ector)h(o\013set.)324 -551 y Fw(/W)411 619 y FE(\\/W")e(is)g(a)h(synon)o(ym)e(for)i(\\/REWIND",)e -(pro)o(vided)i(for)f(bac)o(kw)o(ards)h(compatibilit)o(y)m(.)0 -723 y Fw(CLEAR)89 b FE(Clear)14 b(v)n(arious)f(system)h(v)n(ariables.)199 -790 y Fw(CLEAR)21 b(ADDRESS-BREAK)324 858 y FE(Clear)14 b(an)o(y)f(address)i -(break)f(set)h(for)f(the)g(curren)o(t)i(program.)199 943 y -Fw(CLEAR)21 b(CACHE)324 1011 y FE(Clear)14 b(CPU)h(cac)o(he.)22 -b(An)o(y)14 b(mo)q(di\014ed)g(CPU)h(cac)o(he)g(en)o(tries)h(are)f(written)g -(bac)o(k)g(to)f(memory)m(,)324 1061 y(and)g(all)f(cac)o(he)i(en)o(tries)g -(are)f(in)o(v)n(alidated.)j(If)d(the)h(/INV)-5 b(ALID)o(A)m(TE)14 -b(switc)o(h)g(is)g(presen)o(t,)h(the)324 1111 y(CPU)c(cac)o(he)h(is)f(merely) -g(in)o(v)n(alidated)e(without)i(writing)f(mo)q(di\014ed)g(en)o(tries)i(bac)o -(k)f(to)g(memory)m(.)199 1196 y Fw(CLEAR)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(slot)324 -1264 y FE(Clear)14 b(the)h(con\014guration)f(for)g(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h -(slot.)k(Un)o(til)13 b(it)h(is)h(con\014gured)g(again)e(the)i(slot)324 -1314 y(will)d(b)q(e)j(treated)g(as)f(if)f(no)g(device)i(is)f(presen)o(t.)199 -1399 y Fw(CLEAR)21 b(MEMORY)324 1467 y FE(Clear)13 b(all)e(or)i(selected)i -(system)e(memory)d(mo)q(dules)i(so)h(that)g(they)h(con)o(tain)e(zeros)j(and)d -(go)q(o)q(d)324 1517 y(parit)o(y)m(.)k(The)e(ST)m(A)m(TIC)e(and)g(COMBINED)i -(memory)c(tests)k(are)g(p)q(erformed)e(\014rst)i(to)e(insure)324 -1567 y(prop)q(er)17 b(op)q(eration)g(\(see)h(the)f(TEST)g(MEMOR)m(Y)g -(command)d(for)i(more)g(details)g(on)h(these)324 1617 y(tests\).)324 -1684 y Fw(CLEAR)k(MEMORY)f(arguments)411 1752 y FE(The)13 b(optional)f -(decimal)f(slot)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(argumen)o(t)f(\(0{15\))g(indicates)h(a)g -(sp)q(eci\014c)i(mem-)411 1802 y(ory)i(to)g(clear.)27 b(No)17 -b(argumen)o(t)f(will)f(clear)j(all)d(memories)g(in)i(the)g(system.)27 -b(Switc)o(hes)411 1852 y(ma)o(y)12 b(follo)o(w)g(the)i(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er.)324 1937 y Fw(CLEAR)21 b(MEMORY)f(switches)411 2005 y -FE(Switc)o(hes)15 b(should)e(b)q(e)i(en)o(tered)g(after)g(all)d(other)j -(argumen)o(ts.)411 2072 y Fw(/NOCACHING)477 2140 y FE(Disable)d(use)h(of)e -(the)i(cac)o(he)g(to)f(accelerate)i(the)e(op)q(eration.)18 -b(This)12 b(will)e(force)j(direct)477 2190 y(memory)e(accesses)k(ev)o(en)e -(though)g(they)g(are)g(slo)o(w)o(er.)18 b(Use)13 b(this)g(if)f(y)o(ou)g -(think)h(there)477 2240 y(are)18 b(problems)e(with)h(the)g(cac)o(he.)29 -b(Cac)o(hing)17 b(will)e(automatically)f(b)q(e)k(disabled)f(if)477 -2290 y(the)c(CA)o(CHE{TEST)g(startup)g(parameter)g(is)f(disabled,)g(or)g(if)g -(there)i(w)o(ere)f(initial-)477 2339 y(ization)i(errors.)22 -b(Since)16 b(using)e(the)i(cac)o(he)g(requires)g(using)f(the)g(pager,)g(cac)o -(hing)g(is)477 2389 y(implicitly)g(disabled)j(if)g(paging)f(is)h(disabled)g -(\(P)m(A)o(GER{TEST)f(is)h(disabled,)h(or)477 2439 y(/NOP)m(A)o(GING)13 -b(w)o(as)h(sp)q(eci\014ed\).)411 2525 y Fw(/NOPAGING)477 2592 -y FE(Disable)g(use)h(of)e(paging)h(to)g(accelerate)h(the)g(op)q(eration.)k -(This)14 b(will)f(force)h(the)h(use)p eop -%%Page: 523 37 -523 36 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.1.)31 b(MA)o(CR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)981 -b FE(523)627 195 y(of)18 b(PMO)o(VEM)g(ev)o(en)h(though)e(it)h(is)f(slo)o(w)o -(er.)30 b(Use)19 b(this)f(if)f(y)o(ou)g(think)g(there)j(are)627 -245 y(problems)e(with)g(the)i(pager.)32 b(P)o(aging)18 b(will)f -(automatically)f(b)q(e)j(disabled)f(if)g(the)627 295 y(P)m(A)o(GER{TEST)c -(startup)i(parameter)f(is)g(disabled,)f(or)h(if)f(there)i(w)o(ere)g -(initializa-)627 345 y(tion)j(errors.)34 b(Since)19 b(using)g(the)g(cac)o(he) -h(requires)g(using)e(the)i(pager,)f(cac)o(hing)g(is)627 394 -y(implicitly)11 b(disabled)j(if)f(paging)f(is)i(disabled.)349 -498 y Fw(CLEAR)21 b(NVRAM)474 565 y FE(Clear)e(en)o(tire)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)f -(system)g(con\014guration)g(and)g(reinitialize.)34 b(Preserv)o(e)21 -b(the)f(TDBo)q(ot)474 615 y(parameters)14 b(\(those)g(accessed)j(via)c -(Enable)h(and)f(Disable\).)150 701 y Fw(C[ONTINUE])20 b([address])349 -769 y FE(Resume)15 b(running)h(an)f(in)o(terrupted)i(program.)22 -b(The)17 b(optional)d(argumen)o(t)h(sp)q(eci\014es)i(the)g(new)f(PC)349 -818 y(at)e(whic)o(h)g(to)f(con)o(tin)o(ue.)19 b(With)13 b(or)h(without)f(the) -i(argumen)o(t,)d(the)j(\015ags)e(remain)g(unc)o(hanged.)150 -904 y Fw(DAYTIME)48 b FE(Prin)o(t)18 b(the)g(curren)o(t)h(date)f(and)g(time)e -(as)i(stored)g(in)f(the)i(hardw)o(are)f(timebase.)28 b(If)17 -b(the)i(hardw)o(are)349 954 y(timebase)c(do)q(es)g(not)g(app)q(ear)h(to)e(b)q -(e)i(set)g(prop)q(erly)m(,)f(a)f(message)h(to)g(that)g(e\013ect)h(is)f(prin)o -(ted)h(instead)349 1004 y(of)e(the)g(date)g(and)g(time.)150 -1089 y Fw(DDT)133 b FE(Load)15 b(TDBo)q(ot)g(in)o(to)f(memory)m(,)e(mapp)q -(ed)i(in)h(the)g(same)g(section)g(it)g(normally)d(runs)k(at,)f(and)g(en)o -(ter)349 1139 y(DDT)i(via)g(an)h(unsolicited)g(breakp)q(oin)o(t.)30 -b(Y)m(ou)17 b(ma)o(y)f(t)o(yp)q(e)i($P)g(\(escap)q(e,)i(then)f(\\P"\))f(to)f -(pro)q(ceed)349 1189 y(TDBo)q(ot)d(running)g(in)f(system)h(memory)m(.)150 -1274 y Fw(DEFINE)67 b FE(Change)16 b(certain)g(static)g(information)d(whic)o -(h)i(is)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)h(in)f(non)o(v)o(olatile)f(RAM.)h(\(The)h(LIST)f(com-) -349 1324 y(mand)e(displa)o(ys)g(these)i(v)n(alues.\))349 1392 -y Fw(DEFINE)21 b(AUTO-BOOT-DELAY)474 1459 y FE(De\014ne)14 -b(the)g(auto{b)q(o)q(ot)f(dela)o(y)g(for)g(this)h(pro)q(cessor.)20 -b(The)14 b(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(the)i(decimal)c(dela)o(y)474 -1509 y(time)18 b(in)h(seconds)i(\(range)e(0{255\).)34 b(This)19 -b(is)g(ho)o(w)g(long)f(this)i(pro)q(cessor)h(w)o(aits)e(prior)g(to)474 -1559 y(initiating)c(an)i(automatic)f(b)q(o)q(ot)h(after)g(p)q(o)o(w)o(er{on.) -29 b(This)17 b(v)n(alue)f(is)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)h(in)f(non)o(v)o(olatile)474 -1609 y(RAM.)349 1694 y Fw(DEFINE)k(AUXILIARY-PORT)474 1762 -y FE(De\014ne)16 b(the)g(state)g(of)f(the)h(auxiliary)d(terminal)h(p)q(ort.) -23 b(The)16 b(state)g(is)f(sa)o(v)o(ed)h(in)f(non)o(v)o(olatile)474 -1812 y(RAM)e(and)h(is)g(used)h(to)e(set)i(up)f(the)h(auxiliary)d(p)q(ort)i -(during)f(initialization.)474 1880 y Fw(DEFINE)20 b(AUXILIARY-PORT)f(OFF)561 -1947 y FE(T)m(urn)14 b(o\013)g(the)g(auxiliary)e(p)q(ort.)474 -2033 y Fw(DEFINE)20 b(AUXILIARY-PORT)f(ON)561 2101 y FE(T)m(urn)14 -b(on)f(the)i(auxiliary)d(p)q(ort.)349 2186 y Fw(DEFINE)21 b(BOOT-DEFAULTS)e -(arguments)474 2254 y FE(De\014ne)e(the)f(default)g(BOOT)h(command)c(argumen) -o(ts)j(to)f(b)q(e)i(the)g(remainder)e(of)h(the)g(com-)474 2304 -y(mand)f(line.)27 b(See)17 b(the)h(BOOT)g(command)c(for)i(the)i(usage)f(of)f -(this)h(string.)27 b(This)17 b(v)n(alue)f(is)474 2353 y(sa)o(v)o(ed)e(in)f -(non)o(v)o(olatile)f(RAM.)349 2439 y Fw(DEFINE)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e -FC(f)p Fw(slot)i(|)g(*)p FC(g)474 2507 y FE(Clear)e(the)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)g -(system)g(con\014guration)f(for)g(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(slot,)g(p)q(oll)d -(that)i(slot,)g(and)474 2556 y(sa)o(v)o(e)h(the)g(new)g(con\014guration.)38 -b(With)20 b(\\*")g(as)g(the)i(argumen)o(t,)e(clear,)j(p)q(oll,)d(and)h(sa)o -(v)o(e)474 2606 y(the)f(con\014guration)f(for)g(all)f(system)h(slots.)35 -b(Unlik)o(e)18 b(other)i(commands,)e(the)i(\\*")f(is)g(not)p -eop -%%Page: 524 38 -524 37 bop 0 50 a FE(524)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)324 195 y FE(the)i(default)g(and)f(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)i -(explicit.)23 b(The)16 b(new)g(con\014guration)g(information)d(is)i(sa)o(v)o -(ed)h(in)324 245 y(non)o(v)o(olatile)c(RAM.)199 330 y Fw(DEFINE)21 -b(DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS)324 398 y FE(De\014ne)12 b(the)f(default)g(da)o(yligh)o(t) -f(sa)o(vings)h(handling.)16 b(When)11 b(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(is)e(in)o -(tialized,)f(this)324 448 y(v)n(alue)j(is)g(copied)h(in)o(to)f(dynamic)f -(storage)i(\(same)f(as)g(the)h(\\SET)g(D)o(A)m(YLIGHT{SA)-5 -b(VINGS")324 498 y(command\).)15 b(This)f(v)n(alue)f(is)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(in)f -(non)o(v)o(olatile)f(RAM.)324 565 y Fw(DEFINE)20 b(DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS)f(ALWAYS) -411 633 y FE(Alw)o(a)o(ys)13 b(pro)q(cess)i(date)f(and)f(time)g(with)g(da)o -(yligh)o(t)f(sa)o(vings)h(time)f(in)h(e\013ect.)19 b(This)14 -b(ma)o(y)411 683 y(b)q(e)g(useful)g(if)g(the)g(A)o(UTOMA)m(TIC)g(setting)g -(is)g(not)g(appropriate)g(for)f(y)o(our)h(site.)324 769 y Fw(DEFINE)20 -b(DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS)f(AUTOMATIC)411 836 y FE(Automatically)8 -b(determine)i(when)h(to)g(pro)q(cess)h(date)f(and)g(time)e(with)h(da)o(yligh) -o(t)f(sa)o(vings)411 886 y(time)15 b(in)h(e\013ect.)27 b(The)17 -b(determination)e(is)h(based)h(on)f(the)h(rules)g(in)f(e\013ect)i(in)e(most)g -(of)411 936 y(the)e(USA)g(at)f(the)h(time)e(of)h(this)h(writing.)j(If)c(this) -g(do)q(es)h(not)g(seem)f(to)g(b)q(e)h(appropriate,)411 986 -y(consider)h(using)e(the)i(AL)-5 b(W)g(A)m(YS)14 b(or)g(NEVER)g(settings.)324 -1071 y Fw(DEFINE)20 b(DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS)f(NEVER)411 1139 y FE(Nev)o(er)d(pro)q -(cess)h(date)f(and)f(time)f(with)h(da)o(yligh)o(t)f(sa)o(vings)h(time)f(in)h -(e\013ect.)24 b(This)15 b(ma)o(y)411 1189 y(b)q(e)f(useful)g(if)g(the)g(A)o -(UTOMA)m(TIC)g(setting)g(is)g(not)g(appropriate)g(for)f(y)o(our)h(site.)199 -1274 y Fw(DEFINE)21 b(DUMP-DEFAULTS)e(arguments)324 1342 y -FE(De\014ne)d(the)g(default)g(DUMP)f(command)e(argumen)o(ts)i(to)h(b)q(e)g -(the)g(remainder)f(of)g(the)h(com-)324 1392 y(mand)f(line.)25 -b(See)18 b(the)f(DUMP)g(command)d(for)i(the)h(usage)g(of)f(this)h(string.)26 -b(This)16 b(v)n(alue)g(is)324 1442 y(sa)o(v)o(ed)e(in)f(non)o(v)o(olatile)f -(RAM.)199 1527 y Fw(DEFINE)21 b(IP-ADDRESS)f(a.b.c.d)324 1595 -y FE(De\014ne)d(the)h(In)o(ternet)g(Proto)q(col)f(Address)i(for)d(a)h(net)o -(w)o(ork)g(p)q(ort.)27 b(The)18 b(\014rst)f(argumen)o(t)f(is)324 -1645 y(the)g(decimal)d(slot)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(\(1{15\))f(of)h(a)g(net)o(w)o -(ork)g(con)o(troller.)22 b(The)16 b(second)g(argumen)o(t)e(is)324 -1694 y(the)i(p)q(ort)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(\(0{3\))g(of)h(a)f(net)o(w)o(ork)h -(connection.)24 b(The)16 b(optional)f(third)g(argumen)o(t)g(is)324 -1744 y(an)g(IP)g(address)h(in)f(dot)g(format)f(\(a.b.c.d\),)g(where)i(eac)o -(h)g(letter)g(is)f(replaced)h(b)o(y)f(a)g(decimal)324 1794 -y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(\(0{255\).)21 b(If)16 b(the)g(third)f(argumen)o(t)g(is)g -(no)g(supplied,)h(the)g(IP)f(address)i(is)f(cleared.)324 1844 -y(These)f(settings)g(are)f(not)g(curren)o(tly)h(used,)f(but)g(are)g(reserv)o -(ed)i(for)e(diagnostics.)199 1929 y Fw(DEFINE)21 b(SCSI-ID)f(slot)h(bus)g -FC(f)p Fw(id)g(|)h(OFFLINE)p FC(g)324 1997 y FE(De\014ne)11 -b(the)f(SCSI)g(target)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(for)h(the)h(mass{storage)e(con)o -(troller)h(connected)i(to)e(a)g(SCSI)324 2047 y(bus.)21 b(The)16 -b(argumen)o(ts)e(sp)q(ecify)h(the)h(mass{storage)e(con)o(troller,)h(SCSI)g -(bus,)g(and)g(what)f(ID)324 2097 y(to)g(use)g(\(or)g(to)g(set)h(the)f(bus)h -(o\013)e(line\).)18 b(These)d(v)n(alues)f(are)g(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(in)g(non)o(v)o -(olatile)e(RAM.)324 2164 y(The)17 b(\\slot")f(is)g(the)i(decimal)d(slot)h(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)g(\(1{15\))g(of)g(a)g(mass{storage)g(con)o(troller.)27 -b(The)324 2214 y(\\bus")15 b(is)h(the)g(SCSI)f(bus)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -(\(0{3\).)23 b(The)16 b(\\id")f(is)g(the)h(decimal)e(SCSI)i(target)g(n)o(um-) -324 2264 y(b)q(er)h(\(0{15\))e(whic)o(h)h(the)g(mass{storage)g(con)o(troller) -f(should)h(use)h(to)f(iden)o(tify)f(itself)h(on)f(the)324 2314 -y(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(bus.)j(If)14 b(y)o(ou)g(exp)q(ect)i(to)e(comm)o(unicate)e -(with)i(an)o(y)g(8{bit)f(SCSI)i(devices,)g(do)f(not)324 2364 -y(use)h(SCSI)g(target)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)h(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)f(7,)g(as)g(these)i -(devices)g(whic)o(h)e(don't)g(implemen)o(t)d(target)324 2414 -y(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)g(greater)j(than)d(7.)18 b(The)12 b(OFFLINE)h(k)o(eyw)o -(ord)f(will)e(set)j(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(bus)g(o\013)f(line.)324 -2463 y(That)i(is,)f(it)h(will)f(not)h(b)q(e)h(used)g(for)f(an)o(y)f(purp)q -(ose)j(un)o(til)d(a)h(v)n(alid)f(SCSI)h(target)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(has)324 -2513 y(again)e(b)q(een)j(set)g(up)f(for)g(it.)199 2599 y Fw(DEFINE)21 -b(SLOT)g(slot)g FC(f)p Fw(OFF-LINE)f(|)h(ON-LINE)p FC(g)p eop -%%Page: 525 39 -525 38 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.1.)31 b(MA)o(CR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)981 -b FE(525)474 195 y(De\014ne)14 b(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(slot)f(as)g(b)q(eing) -g(either)g(On{line)g(or)g(O\013{line.)474 263 y(A)e(slot)f(that)h(has)g(b)q -(een)h(set)f(o\013{line)f(will)f(not)i(b)q(e)g(scanned)h(when)g(lo)q(oking)d -(for)h(devices.)19 b(The)474 313 y(device)14 b(in)g(the)g(slot)g(\(if)f(an)o -(y\))h(will)e(not)i(b)q(e)g(tested)i(and)e(it)f(will)g(not)g(b)q(e)i(used.) -474 380 y(Setting)f(a)g(slot)g(on{line)f(allo)o(ws)g(it)h(to)g(b)q(e)h -(scanned.)20 b(If)14 b(a)g(device)h(is)f(in)g(the)g(slot)g(the)h(device)474 -430 y(is)f(testable)g(and)g(usable.)349 516 y Fw(DEFINE)21 -b(SYNC-DELAY)f(seconds)474 583 y FE(De\014ne)f(the)g(syncrhonization)f(dela)o -(y)g(for)g(this)g(pro)q(cessor.)33 b(The)19 b(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(the)h(deci-) -474 633 y(mal)14 b(dela)o(y)h(time)f(in)i(seconds)h(\(range)g(0{255\).)23 -b(This)15 b(v)n(alue)h(is)f(used)i(for)f(m)o(ulti{pro)q(cessor)474 -683 y(sync)o(hronization.)i(This)c(v)n(alue)f(is)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(in)f(non)o -(v)o(olatile)f(RAM.)349 769 y Fw(DEFINE)21 b(TIMEZONE)f(hh:mm)474 -836 y FE(De\014ne)d(the)f(lo)q(cal)f(timezone)h(as)g(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)f(decimal)g(hours)h(and)g(min)o(utes)474 -886 y(di\013eren)o(t)f(from)e(Green)o(wic)o(h.)21 b(The)16 -b(v)n(alue)e(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)k(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)g({12:00)d(and)h(12:00)g -(inclusiv)o(e.)474 936 y(Timezones)e(w)o(est)i(of)e(Green)o(wic)o(h)i(are)f -(negativ)o(e,)g(while)f(timezones)h(east)h(of)e(Green)o(wic)o(h)i(are)474 -986 y(p)q(ositiv)o(e.)26 b(The)17 b(v)n(alues)g({12:00)e(and)h(12:00)g(are)h -(the)g(same)f(time,)g(but)h(on)f(opp)q(osite)h(sides)474 1035 -y(of)d(the)i(in)o(ternational)f(date)g(line,)g(and)g(th)o(us)h(di\013er)g(b)o -(y)f(1)g(da)o(y)m(.)21 b(F)m(or)15 b(example,)f(the)i(United)474 -1085 y(States)g(eastern)g(timezone)f(w)o(ould)f(b)q(e)i({5:00)d(\(standard)j -(time)e(is)h(5)g(hours)g(and)g(0)g(min)o(utes)474 1135 y(earlier)d(than)g -(Green)o(wic)o(h\).)18 b(When)13 b(the)f(pro)q(cessor)j(is)d(in)o(tialized,)e -(this)j(v)n(alue)e(is)h(copied)h(in)o(to)474 1185 y(dynamic)f(storage)i -(\(same)g(as)g(the)g(\\SET)g(TIMEZONE")h(command\).)g(Users)h(should)e(note) -474 1235 y(that)j(the)g(sign)g(of)f(this)i(v)n(alue)e(di\013ers)i(from)d(the) -j(equiv)n(alen)o(t)e(one)h(used)h(in)e(TOPS{20)h(\(in)474 1285 -y(the)c(7{SETSPD)f(program)f(when)i(read)g(from)d(the)j(7{CONFIG.CMD)e -(\014le\).)18 b(This)12 b(v)n(alue)g(is)474 1334 y(sa)o(v)o(ed)i(in)f(non)o -(v)o(olatile)f(RAM.)150 1420 y Fw(D[EPOSIT])349 1488 y FE(Dep)q(osit)i(in)o -(to)f(v)n(arious)h(system)f(en)o(tities.)349 1555 y Fw(D[EPOSIT])20 -b(A-MEMORY)g(address)474 1623 y FE(Store)10 b(data)f(in)g(the)h(micro)q(co)q -(de)f(priv)n(ate)h(memory)d(\(MemA\).)h(Supply)h(an)h(address)g(\(0{17777\)) -474 1673 y(follo)o(w)o(ed)i(b)o(y)i(a)f(36{bit)g(data)h(w)o(ord.)349 -1758 y Fw(D[EPOSIT])20 b(CACHE)h(a1)g(a2)h(a3)474 1826 y FE(Store)13 -b(data)f(in)h(the)g(CPU)g(cac)o(he.)18 b(See)c(the)f(description)h(of)e(the)h -(D)o(WR)o(CSH)e(instruction)i(for)474 1876 y(the)h(format)e(of)i(the)g(three) -h(argumen)o(ts.)349 1961 y Fw(D[EPOSIT])20 b(DEVICE-REGISTER)f(slot)i -(address)f(data)474 2029 y FE(P)o(erform)c(a)g(device{con)o(trol)i(cycle)f -(\(also)g(kno)o(wn)f(as)h(a)g(\\write)g(to)g(I/O)g(space"\))h(to)f(write)474 -2079 y(data)e(in)o(to)g(a)g(device)i(register.)24 b(The)16 -b(\014rst)g(argumen)o(t)f(is)g(the)h(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(the)h -(desired)474 2129 y(device.)k(The)15 b(second)g(argumen)o(t)f(is)g(the)h -(in{mo)q(dule)d(address)k(of)e(the)g(register.)21 b(The)15 -b(third)474 2179 y(argumen)o(t)e(is)g(the)i(data)e(to)h(b)q(e)h(written.)349 -2264 y Fw(D[EPOSIT])20 b(FLAGS-AND-CONTEXT)e(data)474 2332 -y FE(Store)11 b(new)g(v)n(alues)g(for)f(the)i(pro)q(cessor)g(\015ags,)f(and)g -(curren)o(t{con)o(text)h(and)f(previous{con)o(text)474 2382 -y(con)o(text)19 b(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(ks,)h(and)g(previous{con)o(text)g -(section.)32 b(The)19 b(only)f(argumen)o(t)f(con)o(tains)474 -2431 y(the)f(pro)q(cessor)h(\015ags)f(in)f(bits)g(0{17,)g(the)h(curren)o(t)h -(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o(k)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(in)i(bits)f(18{20,)f(the)474 -2481 y(previous{con)o(text)d(A)o(C)g(blo)q(c)o(k)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(in)h -(bits)h(21{23,)e(and)i(the)g(previous{con)o(text)g(section)474 -2531 y(in)17 b(bits)h(24{35.)28 b(Care)18 b(should)g(b)q(e)g(used)h(when)f -(manipulating)d(the)j(pro)q(cessor)h(\015ags)f(and)474 2581 -y(con)o(text,)c(b)q(ecause)i(this)d(ma)o(y)f(adv)o(ersely)j(a\013ect)g -(program)d(op)q(eration.)p eop -%%Page: 526 40 -526 39 bop 0 50 a FE(526)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)199 195 y Fw(D[EPOSIT])20 b(MEMORY)h(slot)g(address)f -(data)324 263 y FE(Using)15 b(a)h(ph)o(ysical)f(memory)f(address,)j(write)f -(data)f(in)o(to)h(system)f(memory)m(.)21 b(The)c(\014rst)f(ar-)324 -313 y(gumen)o(t)i(is)h(the)g(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(the)i(desired)g -(device.)35 b(The)19 b(second)h(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(the)324 -362 y(in{mo)q(dule)12 b(memory)f(address.)19 b(The)c(third)f(argumen)o(t)e -(is)i(the)h(data)e(to)h(b)q(e)g(written.)199 448 y Fw(D[EPOSIT])20 -b(NVRAM)h(address)f(data)324 516 y FE(Store)c(data)f(in)g(the)h(non)o(v)o -(olatile)e(RAM.)g(Supply)h(an)g(address)i(\(0{17777\))d(follo)o(w)o(ed)g(b)o -(y)h(an)324 565 y(8{bit)e(data)g(b)o(yte.)199 651 y Fw(D[EPOSIT])20 -b(PC)i(address)324 719 y FE(Set)10 b(the)h(curren)o(t)h(program)c(coun)o -(ter.)18 b(The)10 b(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(the)h(address)g(at)f(whic)o(h)g(to)g -(con)o(tin)o(ue)324 769 y(program)g(execution.)18 b(Care)12 -b(should)f(b)q(e)i(used)f(when)h(manipulating)8 b(the)k(program)e(coun)o -(ter,)324 818 y(b)q(ecause)15 b(this)f(ma)o(y)e(adv)o(ersely)j(a\013ect)f -(program)f(op)q(eration.)199 904 y Fw(D[EPOSIT])20 b(REGISTER)g(n)i(data)324 -972 y FE(W)m(rite)e(data)g(in)o(to)g(the)h(curren)o(t{con)o(text)h -(registers.)40 b(The)21 b(\014rst)g(argumen)o(t)f(is)g(an)g(o)q(ctal)324 -1021 y(register)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(\(0{17\).)29 b(The)18 b(second)h(argumen) -o(t)d(is)i(the)g(data)g(to)f(b)q(e)h(written)h(to)e(the)324 -1071 y(register.)i(F)m(ollo)o(wing)11 b(the)j(second)g(argumen)o(t,)e(y)o(ou) -i(ma)o(y)d(t)o(yp)q(e)j(/BLOCK:n)g(to)f(sp)q(ecify)h(the)324 -1121 y(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(k)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(to)g(examine.)k(The)c(default) -h(is)f(the)h(curren)o(t)h(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o(k)g(as)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(in)324 -1171 y(the)f(\015ags)g(and)g(con)o(text)g(w)o(ord.)324 1239 -y Fw(/BLOCK:n)411 1306 y FE(Sp)q(ecify)e(the)g(A)o(C)g(blo)q(c)o(k)f(\(0{7\)) -g(to)h(dep)q(osit)g(in.)17 b(The)12 b(default)f(is)g(the)i(curren)o(t)g(A)o -(C)e(blo)q(c)o(k)411 1356 y(as)j(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(in)f(the)g(\015ags)g(and)g -(con)o(text)g(w)o(ord.)199 1442 y Fw(D[EPOSIT])20 b(SYSTEM-VIRTUAL)f(address) -h(data)324 1509 y FE(Using)9 b(a)h(system)f(virtual)g(address,)j(write)e -(data)f(in)o(to)g(system)h(memory)m(.)j(The)e(\014rst)f(argumen)o(t)324 -1559 y(is)h(the)i(system)e(virtual)g(address.)19 b(The)12 b(second)h(argumen) -o(t)d(is)i(the)g(data)g(to)f(b)q(e)i(written.)18 b(The)324 -1609 y(/DET)m(AIL)13 b(switc)o(h)h(prin)o(ts)g(the)h(details)e(of)h(the)g -(virtual)f(address)i(resolution.)324 1677 y Fw(/DETAIL)411 -1744 y FE(Include)20 b(a)f(detailed)g(prin)o(tout)h(of)f(the)h(virtual)e -(address)j(resolution)e(pro)q(cess)i(while)411 1794 y(preforming)10 -b(the)j(requested)h(op)q(eration.)k(This)12 b(is)g(useful)g(for)g -(determining)f(the)i(source)411 1844 y(of)g(a)h(page)g(fault)f(or)h(other)g -(error)h(when)f(referencing)i(the)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(virtual)e(address.)199 -1929 y Fw(D[EPOSIT])20 b(TRANSLATION-BUFFER)e(a1)k(a2)f(a3)324 -1997 y FE(Store)13 b(data)g(in)f(the)i(CPU)f(page{translation)f(bu\013er)h -(\(also)g(kno)o(wn)f(as)h(the)h(pager\).)k(See)13 b(the)324 -2047 y(description)k(of)g(the)h(D)o(WRPTB)e(instruction)h(for)g(the)h(format) -d(of)h(the)i(three)g(argumen)o(ts.)324 2097 y(Since)13 b(the)g(micro)q(co)q -(de)g(clears)g(the)g(pager)g(up)q(on)g(exit)g(from)e(the)i(macro{console,)f -(this)g(com-)324 2147 y(mand)g(is)h(of)h(limited)d(utilit)o(y)m(.)16 -b(It)e(can)g(b)q(e)g(used)h(more)d(e\013ectiv)o(ely)j(from)d(a)h(cop)o(y)h -(of)f(TDBo)q(ot)324 2196 y(running)g(in)h(system)g(memory)m(.)199 -2282 y Fw(D[EPOSIT])20 b(USER-VIRTUAL)f(address)i(data)324 -2350 y FE(Using)14 b(a)g(user)h(virtual)e(address,)i(write)g(data)e(in)o(to)h -(system)g(memory)m(.)i(The)e(\014rst)h(argumen)o(t)324 2399 -y(is)g(the)h(user)g(virtual)e(address.)23 b(The)16 b(second)g(argumen)o(t)e -(is)h(the)h(data)e(to)h(b)q(e)h(written.)23 b(The)324 2449 -y(/DET)m(AIL)13 b(switc)o(h)h(prin)o(ts)g(the)h(details)e(of)h(the)g(virtual) -f(address)i(resolution.)324 2517 y Fw(/DETAIL)411 2585 y FE(Include)20 -b(a)f(detailed)g(prin)o(tout)h(of)f(the)h(virtual)e(address)j(resolution)e -(pro)q(cess)i(while)p eop -%%Page: 527 41 -527 40 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.1.)31 b(MA)o(CR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)981 -b FE(527)561 195 y(preforming)10 b(the)j(requested)h(op)q(eration.)k(This)12 -b(is)g(useful)g(for)g(determining)f(the)i(source)561 245 y(of)g(a)h(page)g -(fault)f(or)h(other)g(error)h(when)f(referencing)i(the)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)h -(virtual)e(address.)150 348 y Fw(DIRECTORY)20 b([path])349 -416 y FE(List)c(all)e(selected)j(\014les)f(in)f(a)g(TOPS{20)h(or)f(TOPS{10)g -(directory)m(.)23 b(The)16 b(optional)e(argumen)o(t)h(can)349 -466 y(sp)q(ecify)k(a)f(path)g(to)g(the)h(directory)m(,)g(as)f(w)o(ell)g(as)g -(whic)o(h)g(\014les)h(to)f(list.)30 b(There)20 b(are)e(also)g(switc)o(hes)349 -516 y(a)o(v)n(ailable)12 b(to)i(select)i(what)e(information)e(will)g(b)q(e)j -(prin)o(ted)g(for)f(eac)o(h)h(\014le.)k(This)14 b(command)d(is)k(v)n(alid)349 -565 y(only)e(for)h(disk)g(devices.)19 b(The)14 b(path)g(for)g(a)f(TOPS{20)h -(disk)g(has)g(the)g(follo)o(wing)d(format:)438 669 y Fw(str:nam)o -(e.typ)o(.gen)349 772 y FE(An)o(y)j(unsp)q(eci\014ed)i(\014le)d(\014elds)i -(are)f(default)g(from)e(the)i(follo)o(wing)d(\014le)j(sp)q(eci\014cation:)438 -876 y Fw(MONITR.E)o(XE.*)349 979 y FE(The)h(path)e(for)h(a)g(TOPS{10) -f(structure)j(has)e(the)h(follo)o(wing)c(format:)438 1083 y -Fw(str:name.ext[p,p)o(n,sub)o(])349 1186 y FE(An)o(y)j(unsp)q(eci\014ed)i -(\014le)d(\014elds)i(are)f(default)g(from)e(the)i(follo)o(wing)d(\014le)j(sp) -q(eci\014cation:)438 1289 y Fw(SYSTEM.EXE[1,4])349 1393 y(/CREATION)474 -1461 y FE(Prin)o(t)g(date)g(and)g(time)e(of)i(creation)g(for)f(eac)o(h)i -(\014le.)349 1546 y Fw(/LENGTH)474 1614 y FE(Prin)o(t)e(length)h(for)f(eac)o -(h)h(\014le.)k(F)m(or)13 b(TOPS{20,)g(this)g(is)g(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of) -g(b)o(ytes)h(and)g(the)g(b)o(yte)474 1664 y(size;)g(for)f(TOPS{10,)h(this)g -(is)f(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g(w)o(ords.)349 1749 y Fw(/L[ONG])474 -1817 y FE(This)h(is)f(a)h(shorthand)g(for)g(/SIZE,)g(/LENGTH,)f(and)g -(/WRITE.)349 1902 y Fw(/READ)474 1970 y FE(Prin)o(t)h(date)g(and)g(time)e(of) -i(last)f(read)i(for)e(eac)o(h)h(\014le.)349 2056 y Fw(/SIZE)474 -2123 y FE(Prin)o(t)g(size)h(for)f(eac)o(h)h(\014le.)k(F)m(or)14 -b(TOPS{20,)g(the)h(size)g(is)f(in)g(pages;)h(for)f(TOPS{10,)f(the)i(size)474 -2173 y(is)f(in)f(blo)q(c)o(ks.)349 2259 y Fw(/WRITE)474 2326 -y FE(Prin)o(t)h(date)g(and)g(time)e(of)i(last)f(write)h(for)g(eac)o(h)g -(\014le.)150 2412 y Fw(DISABLE)20 b(parameter-list)349 2480 -y FE(Disable)13 b(v)n(arious)f(system)i(startup)g(parameters.)j(Pro)o(vide)d -(a)f(list)g(of)f(parameter)h(names)g(separated)349 2530 y(b)o(y)h(commas.)349 -2597 y(The)h(parameter)e(names)g(and)h(their)g(meanings)f(are)h(listed)g -(with)f(the)i(ENABLE)g(command.)p eop -%%Page: 528 42 -528 41 bop 0 50 a FE(528)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)0 195 y Fw(DUMP)111 b FE(Cop)o(y)14 -b(the)g(en)o(tire)h(ph)o(ysical)e(system)h(memory)d(image)h(\(and)i(some)f -(of)g(the)h(pro)q(cessor)i(state\))f(to)e(the)199 245 y(\014le)i(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(b)o(y)f(the)g(optional)f(path)g(argumen)o(t.)20 -b(The)15 b(optional)e(argumen)o(t)h(can)h(sp)q(ecify)g(a)g(path)199 -295 y(to)j(a)g(\014le)h(on)f(a)g(TOPS{20)g(or)g(TOPS{10)g(structure,)j(a)d -(net)o(w)o(ork)h(no)q(de,)g(a)f(sp)q(eci\014c)i(SCSI)e(tap)q(e)199 -345 y(device)e(nexus,)h(a)e(sequen)o(tial)g(SCSI)h(tap)q(e)g(name,)e(or)h(an) -h(op)q(erating)f(system)g(tap)q(e)h(sp)q(eci\014er.)25 b(The)199 -394 y(default)13 b(\\path")h(is)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(b)o(y)e(the)i(\\DEFINE)e -(DUMP")h(command.)h(If)e(the)h(target)g(device)h(is)e(a)199 -444 y(disk)i(structure,)j(the)d(giv)o(en)g(\014le)g(m)o(ust)f(exist)i(and)f -(it)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)i(b)q(e)g(capacious)f(enough)h(to)f(hold)f(all)199 -494 y(of)g(system)f(memory)m(.)199 562 y Fw(DUMP)21 b(path)324 -629 y FE(The)15 b(syn)o(tax)g(of)f(the)h(path)g(argumen)o(t)f(to)g(the)h -(DUMP)g(command)d(is)j(the)g(same)f(as)h(for)f(the)324 679 -y(BOOT)g(command.)h(The)f(default)f(DUMP)g(string)h(is)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i -(via)d(the)i(DEFINE)g(DUMP)324 729 y(command.)324 797 y(If)e(a)h(structure)i -(is)e(used,)h(the)f(remaining)e(\014le)i(\014elds)g(are)h(defaulted)f(from)e -(the)j(follo)o(wing)c(\014le)324 846 y(sp)q(eci\014cation)k(for)g(TOPS{20:) -412 950 y Fw(DUMP.EXE.0)324 1053 y FE(or)g(the)g(follo)o(wing)d -(\014le)j(sp)q(eci\014cation)h(for)e(TOPS{10:)412 1157 y Fw(CRASH.EXE[1,4]) -199 1278 y(DUMP)21 b(switches)324 1346 y FE(Switc)o(hes)15 -b(should)e(b)q(e)i(en)o(tered)g(after)f(all)f(other)i(argumen)o(ts.)324 -1413 y Fw(/ALL-MEMORY)411 1481 y FE(Dump)d(or)i(sa)o(v)o(e)g(all)f(of)g(ph)o -(ysical)g(memory)m(,)e(if)i(p)q(ossible.)324 1567 y Fw(/CORE-DUMP)411 -1634 y FE(Set)18 b(the)f(data)g(mo)q(de)f(to)g(Core)i(Dump)d(format.)26 -b(In)16 b(this)h(mo)q(de,)g(eac)o(h)g(36{bit)f(w)o(ord)411 -1684 y(corresp)q(onds)i(to)e(\014v)o(e)g(8{bit)f(b)o(ytes.)26 -b(The)16 b(\014rst)h(four)f(8{bit)f(b)o(ytes)i(con)o(tain)e(bits)h(0{7,)411 -1734 y(8{15,)c(16{23,)g(and)i(24{31,)e(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)19 -b(The)14 b(last)f(b)o(yte)i(con)o(tains)e(bits)h(32{35)e(righ)o(t)411 -1784 y(justi\014ed.)18 b(This)c(switc)o(h)g(applies)g(only)f(to)h(sequen)o -(tial{access)h(devices)g(\(tap)q(es\).)324 1869 y Fw(/HIGH-DENSITY)411 -1937 y FE(Set)g(the)h(data)e(mo)q(de)g(to)g(High{Densit)o(y)g(format.)19 -b(In)c(this)f(mo)q(de,)g(t)o(w)o(o)g(36{bit)g(w)o(ords)411 -1987 y(corresp)q(ond)k(to)e(nine)g(8{bit)f(b)o(ytes.)26 b(The)17 -b(\014rst)g(four)f(8{bit)f(b)o(ytes)i(con)o(tain)f(bits)g(0{7,)411 -2037 y(8{15,)11 b(16{23,)g(and)g(24{31)g(of)h(the)g(\014rst)h(w)o(ord,)f -(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)18 b(The)13 b(\014fth)f(b)o(yte)g(con)o(tains)411 -2087 y(bits)g(32{35)e(of)h(the)h(\014rst)h(w)o(ord)e(in)g(the)h(high{order)g -(4)f(bits)h(and)f(bits)h(0{3)f(of)g(the)h(second)411 2136 y(w)o(ord)17 -b(in)h(the)g(lo)o(w{order)f(4)h(bits.)29 b(The)18 b(last)g(four)f(8{bit)g(b)o -(ytes)h(con)o(tain)g(bits)f(4{11,)411 2186 y(12{19,)10 b(20{27,)h(and)g -(28{35)g(of)g(the)h(second)h(w)o(ord,)e(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)19 -b(This)11 b(switc)o(h)h(applies)411 2236 y(only)h(to)h(sequen)o(tial{access)h -(devices)g(\(tap)q(es\).)324 2322 y Fw(/MAPPED-MEMORY)411 2389 -y FE(Dump)d(or)i(sa)o(v)o(e)g(only)f(exec)i(mapp)q(ed)e(memory)m(.)324 -2475 y Fw(/NOLONG-TRANSFER)o(S)411 2542 y FE(Do)k(not)g(use)h(m)o(ulti{page)d -(transfers.)29 b(This)17 b(switc)o(h)h(applies)f(only)f(to)i(direct{access) -411 2592 y(devices)h(\(disks\).)30 b(By)17 b(default,)h(TDBo)q(ot)g(will)e -(attempt)h(to)g(com)o(bine)g(transfers)i(in-)p eop -%%Page: 529 43 -529 42 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.1.)31 b(MA)o(CR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)981 -b FE(529)561 195 y(v)o(olving)10 b(sequetial)i(pages)g(on)g(disk)g(in)o(to)f -(large)g(groups)h(called)g(\\long)f(transfers".)18 b(This)561 -245 y(switc)o(h)c(forces)h(eac)o(h)f(page)g(to)g(b)q(e)g(pro)q(cessed)j(as)d -(a)f(separate)i(transfer.)474 330 y Fw(/REWIND)561 398 y FE(Rewind)e(the)i -(SCSI)f(device)h(b)q(efore)f(p)q(erforming)f(the)h(requested)i(op)q(eration.) -474 484 y Fw(/W)561 551 y FE(\\/W")d(is)g(a)h(synon)o(ym)e(for)i(\\/REWIND",) -e(pro)o(vided)i(for)f(bac)o(kw)o(ards)h(compatibilit)o(y)m(.)150 -655 y Fw(ENABLE)67 b FE(Enable)14 b(v)n(arious)g(system)g(startup)g -(parameters.)19 b(Pro)o(vide)14 b(a)g(list)f(of)h(parameter)f(names)h -(separated)349 705 y(b)o(y)g(commas.)349 772 y Fw(ENABLE)21 -b(AUTO-BOOT)474 840 y FE(The)16 b(A)o(UTO{BOOT)g(startup)g(parameter.)22 -b(If)15 b(this)h(paramen)o(ter)f(is)g(enabled)g(at)h(startup,)474 -890 y(after)10 b(a)g(short)h(dela)o(y)e(\(see)j(DEFINE)e(A)o(UTO{BOOT{DELA)m -(Y\),)g(the)h(system)f(will)f(attempt)474 940 y(to)i(b)q(o)q(ot)g -(automatically)d(using)j(the)g(defaults)g(set)i(up)e(via)f(the)i(DEFINE)f -(BOOT)h(command.)349 1025 y Fw(ENABLE)21 b(BUS-POLL)474 1093 -y FE(The)16 b(BUS{POLL)g(startup)g(parameter.)22 b(If)15 b(this)g(parameter)g -(is)g(enabled)h(at)f(startup,)h(the)474 1143 y(system)d(will)g(p)q(oll)g(the) -h(bus)h(to)e(determine)h(the)h(hardw)o(are)f(con\014guration.)349 -1228 y Fw(ENABLE)21 b(CACHE-TEST)474 1296 y FE(The)16 b(CA)o(CHE{TEST)h -(startup)g(parameter.)24 b(If)16 b(this)g(parameter)f(is)h(enabled)h(at)f -(startup,)474 1346 y(the)e(system)g(will)f(p)q(erform)g(a)h(diagnostic)g(c)o -(hec)o(k)h(of)e(the)i(cac)o(he.)k(This)14 b(parameter)g(m)o(ust)f(b)q(e)474 -1396 y(enabled)i(to)h(automatically)c(utilize)j(the)h(cac)o(he)g(during)f -(some)f(memory)f(tests)k(\(see)g(TEST)474 1445 y(MEMOR)m(Y\).)349 -1531 y Fw(ENABLE)k(CLEAR-MEMORY)474 1599 y FE(The)10 b(CLEAR{MEMOR)m(Y)e -(startup)i(parameter.)16 b(If)9 b(this)h(parameter)f(is)g(enabled)g(at)g -(startup,)474 1648 y(the)19 b(system)g(will)f(test)i(memory)m(,)c(whic)o(h)j -(lea)o(v)o(es)g(all)f(of)g(memory)f(with)i(go)q(o)q(d)f(parit)o(y)m(.)32 -b(If)474 1698 y(TEST{MEMOR)m(Y)22 b(is)f(disabled)h(and)g(CLEAR{MEMOR)m(Y)f -(is)h(enabled,)i(all)c(memory)474 1748 y(is)d(cleared)h(at)g(startup.)29 -b(This)17 b(prev)o(en)o(ts)i(an)o(y)e(laten)o(t)g(parit)o(y)g(errors)i(from)d -(a\013ecting)i(sys-)474 1798 y(tem)d(b)q(eha)o(vior.)25 b(Prior)16 -b(to)g(clearing)g(memory)m(,)d(the)k(static)f(memory)e(tests)k(are)e(p)q -(erformed)474 1848 y(\(see)i(TEST)e(MEMOR)m(Y/ST)m(A)m(TIC\).)f(If)h(the)h(P) -m(A)o(GER{TEST)e(and)i(CA)o(CHE{TEST)f(pa-)474 1898 y(rameters)g(are)h -(enabled,)g(then)g(the)g(com)o(bined)f(tests)h(are)g(p)q(erformed)f(\(see)i -(TEST)f(MEM-)474 1947 y(OR)m(Y/COMBINED\).)349 2033 y Fw(ENABLE)k -(CONFIGURE-MEMORY)474 2101 y FE(The)g(CONFIGURE{MEMOR)m(Y)e(startup)i -(parameter.)37 b(If)20 b(this)g(parem)o(ter)h(is)f(enabled)474 -2150 y(at)d(startup,)h(the)g(system)f(will)e(con\014gure)j(all)e(a)o(v)n -(ailable)f(memory)m(.)25 b(Prior)17 b(to)g(con\014guring)474 -2200 y(memory)m(,)10 b(eac)o(h)15 b(memory)c(ma)o(y)h(also)i(b)q(e)g(tested)i -(\(see)f(TEST{MEMOR)m(Y\))f(or)g(cleared)h(\(see)474 2250 y(CLEAR{MEMOR)m -(Y\).)349 2336 y Fw(ENABLE)21 b(MASS-STORAGE-CON)o(FIGUR)o(ATION)474 -2403 y FE(The)10 b(MASS{STORA)o(GE{CONFIGURA)m(TION)g(startup)h(parameter.)16 -b(If)10 b(this)g(parameter)474 2453 y(is)17 b(enabled)h(at)f(startup,)i(the)f -(system)f(will)f(rep)q(ort)i(the)g(mass{storage)f(con)o(troller)g(device)474 -2503 y(con\014guration)c(and)h(start)h(the)f(disks.)349 2588 -y Fw(ENABLE)21 b(PAGER-TEST)p eop -%%Page: 530 44 -530 43 bop 0 50 a FE(530)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)324 195 y FE(The)j(P)m(A)o(GER{TEST)e(startup)i -(parameter.)25 b(If)16 b(this)h(parameter)f(is)g(enabled)g(at)h(startup,)324 -245 y(the)d(system)g(will)f(p)q(erform)g(a)h(diagnostic)f(c)o(hec)o(k)i(of)e -(the)i(pager.)k(This)14 b(parameter)f(m)o(ust)g(b)q(e)324 295 -y(enabled)i(to)g(automatically)d(utilize)j(the)h(pager)g(during)e(some)h -(memory)e(tests)j(\(see)h(TEST)324 345 y(MEMOR)m(Y\),)11 b(and)g(when)h -(clearing)g(memory)d(\(see)k(CLEAR)e(MEMOR)m(Y\).)g(Since)i(the)f(pager)324 -394 y(is)j(needed)i(to)e(use)h(the)g(cac)o(he)h(during)e(the)h(TEST)f(MEMOR)m -(Y)h(and)f(CLEAR)g(MEMOR)m(Y)324 444 y(commands,)k(the)i(use)g(of)f(the)h -(cac)o(he)h(is)e(implicitly)d(disabled)j(when)h(this)g(parameter)f(is)324 -494 y(disabled.)199 580 y Fw(ENABLE)h(TEST-MEMORY)324 647 y -FE(The)12 b(TEST{MEMOR)m(Y)g(startup)g(parameter.)17 b(If)12 -b(this)g(parameter)f(is)h(enabled)g(at)g(startup,)324 697 y(the)j(system)f -(will)f(p)q(erform)g(a)h(diagnostic)g(c)o(hec)o(k)h(of)f(the)h(system)f -(memory)m(.)j(Prior)d(to)g(other)324 747 y(testing,)i(the)g(static)f(memory)e -(tests)k(are)f(p)q(erformed)f(\(see)i(TEST)e(MEMOR)m(Y/ST)m(A)m(TIC\).)324 -797 y(If)e(the)g(P)m(A)o(GER{TEST)g(and)g(CA)o(CHE{TEST)g(parameters)h(are)f -(enabled,)h(then)g(the)f(com-)324 846 y(bined)h(tests)h(are)f(p)q(erformed)g -(\(see)h(TEST)f(MEMOR)m(Y/COMBINED\).)199 932 y Fw(ENABLE)21 -b(*)324 1000 y FE(This)14 b(is)f(a)h(simple)f(abbreviation)g(used)i(to)e -(ENABLE)j(or)d(DISABLE)i(all)e(startup)h(parame-)324 1050 y(ters.)0 -1135 y Fw(E[XAMINE])199 1203 y FE(Examine)f(v)n(arious)g(system)g(en)o -(tities.)199 1270 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(A-MEMORY)g(address)324 -1338 y FE(Prin)o(t)h(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(lo)q -(cation)e(in)g(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de)f(priv)n(ate)g(memory)324 -1388 y(\(MemA\).)13 b(The)h(argumen)o(t)f(is)g(the)i(o)q(ctal)f(address)h -(\(0{17777\).)199 1474 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(CACHE)h(set-and-line-inde)o(x)324 -1541 y FE(Prin)o(t)e(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(CPU)f -(cac)o(he)h(line.)32 b(See)20 b(the)g(description)f(of)f(the)324 -1591 y(DRDCSH)13 b(instruction)h(for)g(the)g(format)e(of)h(the)i(argumen)o -(t.)199 1677 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(DEVICE-REGISTER)f(slot)i(address)324 -1744 y FE(P)o(erform)12 b(a)h(device)h(status)g(request)h(cycle)f(\(also)f -(kno)o(wn)g(as)g(a)g(\\read)h(from)e(I/O)h(space"\))h(to)324 -1794 y(read)h(data)e(from)g(a)h(device)h(register.)20 b(The)15 -b(next)g(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(the)h(in{mo)q(dule)d(address)k(of)324 -1844 y(the)e(register.)199 1929 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(FLAGS-AND-CONTEXT)324 -1997 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(curren)o(t)h(program)d(\015ags)i(and)g(con)o(text)g -(information.)199 2083 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(INTERRUPT)324 2150 -y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(curren)o(t)h(in)o(terrupt)g(system)e(status.)199 -2236 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(MASS-STORAGE)f(slot)324 2304 y FE(Prin)o(t)11 -b(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)f(a)h(lo)q(cation)e(in)h(one)h(of)f(the)i(memory) -c(spaces)k(in)e(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(mass{)324 2353 y(storage)18 -b(con)o(troller.)28 b(The)18 b(\014rst)g(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(the)h(slot)f(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(the)i(desired)h(device.)324 2403 y(The)f(second)i -(argumen)o(t)c(is)i(a)g(register)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)d(\(0{17\),)h(or)g(a)g(k)o -(eyw)o(ord)g(describing)g(the)324 2453 y(name)12 b(of)i(the)g(space)h(to)f(b) -q(e)g(examined.)324 2521 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(MASS-STORAGE)f(slot)i(register) -411 2588 y FE(Prin)o(t)11 b(the)h(result)h(of)d(reading)i(the)g(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(mass{storage)d(con)o(troller)i(register.)18 b(This)p -eop -%%Page: 531 45 -531 44 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.1.)31 b(MA)o(CR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)981 -b FE(531)561 195 y(argumen)o(t)19 b(is)i(the)g(o)q(ctal)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(of)g(the)h(desired)g(register.)39 b(The)21 b(optional)e(next)561 -245 y(argumen)o(t)11 b(sp)q(eci\014es)j(an)e(o)q(ctal)g(address)h(to)f(b)q(e) -h(supplied)g(in)e(the)i(register)g(address)h(bits)561 295 y(as)g(appropriate) -g(for)f(the)i(register.)474 380 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(MASS-STORAGE)f(slot)i -(ALU)561 448 y FE(Prin)o(t)12 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(a)h(lo)q(cation)f -(in)g(the)i(ALU)f(of)f(a)h(mass{storage)f(con)o(troller.)18 -b(The)561 498 y(next)c(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(the)g(lo)q(cation)f(to)h(read)g(in) -g(the)g(mass{storage)g(con)o(troller)f(ALU.)474 583 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 -b(MASS-STORAGE)f(slot)i(COMMUNICATIONS-RE)o(GION)561 651 y -FE(Prin)o(t)13 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)h(mass{storage)f(con)o -(troller)h(comm)o(unicati)o(ons)d(region)j(reg-)561 701 y(ister.)19 -b(The)14 b(optional)e(argumen)o(t)h(sp)q(eci\014es)j(an)d(o\013set)i(\(0{7\)) -e(in)h(the)g(comm)o(unications)561 751 y(region)g(whose)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h -(is)f(prin)o(ted)g(as)g(w)o(ell.)474 836 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 -b(MASS-STORAGE)f(slot)i(DRAM)561 904 y FE(Prin)o(t)f(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h -(of)d(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(DRAM)e(address)i(of)d(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)h -(mass{)561 954 y(storage)15 b(con)o(troller.)21 b(The)15 b(next)g(argumen)o -(t)f(is)g(the)i(address)g(of)e(the)h(en)o(try)h(to)e(read)h(in)561 -1004 y(the)f(mass{storage)g(con)o(troller)g(DRAM.)474 1089 -y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(MASS-STORAGE)f(slot)i(ERROR-ADDRESS)561 -1157 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)h(error{address)h -(register)g(of)e(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(mass{storage)561 1207 -y(con)o(troller.)474 1292 y Fw(E[XAMINE])k(MASS-STORAGE)f(slot)i(HASH-TABLE) -561 1360 y FE(Prin)o(t)11 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed) -i(hash{table)d(en)o(try)h(\(t)o(w)o(o)g(w)o(ords\))g(in)f(the)i(DRAM)561 -1410 y(of)f(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(mass{storage)d(con)o(troller.)18 -b(The)12 b(next)f(argumen)o(t)g(is)g(the)h(hash{table)561 1459 -y(en)o(try)20 b(to)g(read)g(in)g(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(mass{storage)f(con)o -(troller)f(DRAM.)g(The)h(actual)561 1509 y(w)o(ords)13 b(read)f(from)f(DRAM)h -(are)g(the)h(address)h(times)d(t)o(w)o(o)h(and)g(the)h(address)h(times)d(t)o -(w)o(o)561 1559 y(plus)j(one.)474 1645 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(MASS-STORAGE)f -(slot)i(MICROCODE-VERSION)561 1712 y FE(Prin)o(t)d(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of) -f(the)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(v)o(ersion)g(register)h(of)e(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g -(mass{)561 1762 y(storage)14 b(con)o(troller.)474 1848 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 -b(MASS-STORAGE)f(slot)i(SERIAL-NUMBER)561 1915 y FE(Prin)o(t)13 -b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)h(serial)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(register)j(of) -e(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(mass{storage)561 1965 y(con)o(troller.)474 -2051 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(MASS-STORAGE)f(slot)i(SRAM)561 2118 -y FE(Prin)o(t)16 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)i(of)d(a)h(lo)q(cation)f(in)g(the)i -(SRAM)e(of)h(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(mass{storage)561 2168 y(con)o(troller.)g -(The)c(next)h(argumen)o(t)d(is)i(the)h(lo)q(cation)e(to)g(read)i(in)e(the)i -(SRAM.)474 2254 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(MASS-STORAGE)f(slot)i(STATUS)561 -2322 y FE(Prin)o(t)d(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(the)h(status)h(register)f -(of)f(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(mass{storage)e(con-)561 2371 y(troller.)349 -2457 y Fw(E[XAMINE])j(M[EMORY])g(slot)h(address)474 2525 y -FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(ph)o -(ysical)f(memory)d(lo)q(cation.)18 b(The)d(next)f(argumen)o(t)474 -2574 y(is)g(the)g(in{mo)q(dule)e(memory)f(address.)p eop -%%Page: 532 46 -532 45 bop 0 50 a FE(532)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)199 195 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(NETWORK)h(slot)324 -263 y FE(Prin)o(t)11 b(the)g(in)o(terpreted)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)e(a)h -(register)h(in)f(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(Net)o(w)o(ork)e(Con)o(toller.)17 -b(The)324 313 y(\014rst)g(argumen)o(t)e(is)i(the)g(slot)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(of)g(the)h(desired)g(net)o(w)o(ork)g(con)o(troller.)26 b(The)17 -b(second)324 362 y(argumen)o(t)c(is)g(the)i(name)d(of)i(the)g(register)h(to)f -(b)q(e)h(examined.)324 430 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(NETWORK)g(slot)h(BUS-STATUS) -411 498 y FE(Prin)o(ts)d(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(the)h(bus)g(status)h -(register)f(of)f(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(net)o(w)o(ork)f(con-)411 -548 y(troller.)324 633 y Fw(E[XAMINE])i(NETWORK)g(slot)h(STATUS)411 -701 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)f(the)g(status)h(register)g -(of)e(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(net)o(w)o(ork)f(con)o(troller.)199 -786 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(NEXT)h([n])324 854 y FE(Prin)o(t)11 -b(the)h(logically)d(next)j(v)n(alue)e(of)h(the)h(preceding)g(EXAMINE)g(or)f -(DEPOSIT)h(command,)324 904 y(whic)o(hev)o(er)f(w)o(as)f(most)f(recen)o(t.)19 -b(The)10 b(optional)f(argumen)o(t)h(is)g(a)g(decimal)e(rep)q(eat)k(coun)o(t.) -17 b(This)324 954 y(is)d(the)g(default)g(if)f(no)g(argumen)o(ts)g(are)i(sp)q -(eci\014ed)g(after)f(the)h(EXAMINE)g(command.)199 1039 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 -b(NVRAM)h(address)324 1107 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e -(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(b)o(yte)f(in)g(the)g(non)o(v)o(olatile)e(RAM.)h(The)h -(argumen)o(t)f(is)324 1157 y(an)g(o)q(ctal)h(address)h(\(0{17777\).)199 -1242 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(PC)324 1310 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(curren)o(t)h(program) -d(PC.)199 1396 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(PREVIOUS)g([n])324 1463 -y FE(Prin)o(t)15 b(the)g(logically)e(previous)i(v)n(alue)f(from)f(the)j(most) -d(recen)o(t)k(EXAMINE)f(or)e(DEPOSIT)324 1513 y(command.)h(The)f(optional)f -(argumen)o(t)g(is)g(a)h(decimal)e(rep)q(eat)j(coun)o(t.)199 -1599 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(REGISTER)g FC(f)p Fw(n)i(|)f(*)p FC(g)324 -1666 y FE(Examine)15 b(the)j(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(register)f(\(o)q(ctal)f -(argumen)o(t\))f(or)h(all)e(registers)k(\(\\*")d(argumen)o(t\).)324 -1716 y(F)m(ollo)o(wing)8 b(the)j(argumen)o(t,)e(y)o(ou)h(ma)o(y)f(t)o(yp)q(e) -i(/BLOCK:n)g(to)f(sp)q(ecify)h(the)g(A)o(C)g(blo)q(c)o(k)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er) -324 1766 y(to)j(examine.)j(The)d(default)g(is)g(the)g(curren)o(t)i(A)o(C)d -(blo)q(c)o(k)h(as)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(in)f(the)g(\015ags)g(and)g(\015ags)324 -1816 y(and)h(con)o(text)g(w)o(ord.)324 1883 y Fw(/BLOCK:n)411 -1951 y FE(Sp)q(ecify)g(the)h(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o(k)h(\(0{7\))f(to)h(examine.)j -(The)d(default)g(is)g(the)g(curren)o(t)h(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(k)411 -2001 y(as)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(in)f(the)g(\015ags)g(and)g(con)o(text)g(w)o -(ord.)199 2087 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(SYSTEM-VIRTUAL)f(address)324 -2154 y FE(Prin)o(t)d(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)e(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(lo)q -(cation)f(in)f(system)h(memory)m(.)22 b(The)16 b(argumen)o(t)f(is)324 -2204 y(a)h(system)g(virtual)g(address.)27 b(The)17 b(/DET)m(AIL)e(switc)o(h)i -(prin)o(ts)g(the)g(details)f(of)g(the)h(virtual)324 2254 y(address)e -(resolution.)324 2322 y Fw(/DETAIL)411 2389 y FE(Include)20 -b(a)f(detailed)g(prin)o(tout)h(of)f(the)h(virtual)e(address)j(resolution)e -(pro)q(cess)i(while)411 2439 y(preforming)10 b(the)j(requested)h(op)q -(eration.)k(This)12 b(is)g(useful)g(for)g(determining)f(the)i(source)411 -2489 y(of)g(a)h(page)g(fault)f(or)h(other)g(error)h(when)f(referencing)i(the) -e(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(virtual)e(address.)199 2574 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 -b(TRANSLATION-BUFFER)e(set-and-line-index)p eop -%%Page: 533 47 -533 46 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.1.)31 b(MA)o(CR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)981 -b FE(533)474 195 y(Prin)o(t)18 b(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)d(the)i(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(CPU)f(page{translation)e(bu\013er)j(en)o(try)m(.)31 -b(See)19 b(the)474 245 y(description)13 b(of)e(the)i(DRDPTB)f(instruction)h -(for)f(the)h(format)d(of)i(the)h(argumen)o(t.)j(Since)d(the)474 -295 y(micro)q(co)q(de)g(clears)i(the)f(pager)h(up)q(on)e(exit)h(from)f(the)h -(macro{console,)e(this)i(command)d(will)474 345 y(\014nd)17 -b(only)f(v)n(alid)f(data)h(in)g(the)i(pager)f(on)f(the)h(\014rst)h -(macro{console)e(command)e(follo)o(wing)474 394 y(the)g(placing)f(of)g(that)g -(data)g(in)h(the)g(pager.)k(It)c(can)f(b)q(e)h(used)h(more)e(e\013ectiv)o -(ely)h(from)e(a)h(cop)o(y)474 444 y(of)g(TDBo)q(ot)h(running)f(in)h(system)g -(memory)m(.)349 530 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 b(USER-VIRTUAL)f(address)474 -597 y FE(Prin)o(t)13 b(the)i(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)f(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(lo) -q(cation)e(in)g(system)g(memory)m(.)i(The)f(argumen)o(t)f(is)g(a)474 -647 y(user)f(virtual)f(address.)18 b(The)12 b(/DET)m(AIL)f(switc)o(h)h(prin)o -(ts)f(the)h(details)f(of)g(the)h(virtual)f(address)474 697 -y(resolution.)474 765 y Fw(/DETAIL)561 832 y FE(Include)20 -b(a)f(detailed)g(prin)o(tout)h(of)f(the)h(virtual)e(address)j(resolution)e -(pro)q(cess)i(while)561 882 y(preforming)10 b(the)j(requested)h(op)q -(eration.)k(This)12 b(is)g(useful)g(for)g(determining)f(the)i(source)561 -932 y(of)g(a)h(page)g(fault)f(or)h(other)g(error)h(when)f(referencing)i(the)e -(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(virtual)e(address.)349 1018 y Fw(E[XAMINE])20 -b(*)474 1085 y FE(Examine)12 b(the)j(macro)d(PC,)i(\015ags,)f(con)o(text,)h -(PI,)g(and)g(curren)o(t)h(register)g(blo)q(c)o(k.)150 1171 -y Fw(EXIT)111 b FE(Resume)9 b(running)g(an)g(in)o(terrupted)i(program.)k(If)9 -b(debugging)g(TDBo)q(ot,)g(this)h(command)c(will)i(HAL)m(T)349 -1221 y(the)15 b(program.)150 1306 y Fw(FORMAT)67 b FE(F)m(ormat)12 -b(a)i(disk)g(for)f(the)i(op)q(erating)e(system.)349 1374 y(This)f(command)c -(p)q(erforms)j(the)h(SCSI)f(Mo)q(de)h(Select)h(and)e(F)m(ormat)e(Unit)i(op)q -(erations)h(needed)h(to)e(set)349 1424 y(the)17 b(disk)e(for)h(512{w)o(ord)f -(\(2304)f(b)o(yte,)j(long\))e(ph)o(ysical)g(records)i(or)f(128{w)o(ord)f -(\(576)g(b)o(yte,)h(short\))349 1474 y(ph)o(ysical)h(records.)29 -b(After)18 b(\\hard")e(formatting)f(the)j(disk,)f(this)g(command)d(go)q(es)k -(on)f(to)g(p)q(erform)349 1523 y(other)c(b)q(o)q(okk)o(eeping)e(op)q -(erations)i(\(\\soft)e(formatting"\))f(that)i(are)g(needed)h(to)f(mak)o(e)e -(the)j(disk)f(ready)349 1573 y(for)i(use)h(b)o(y)e(the)i(op)q(erating)e -(system.)349 1641 y(Restrictions:)19 b(this)14 b(command)d(tak)o(es)j(a)g -(long)f(time.)j(Disk)e(t)o(yp)q(es)g(kno)o(wn)g(to)g(the)g(program)e(can)i(b) -q(e)349 1691 y(formatted;)c(unkno)o(wn)h(disks)g(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)k(formatted)d -(if)h(they)h(comply)e(with)i(an)o(y)f(v)o(ersion)h(of)f(\\standard)349 -1740 y(b)q(eha)o(vior".)349 1808 y Fw(FORMAT)21 b(arguments)474 -1876 y FE(The)14 b(argumen)o(ts)f(sp)q(ecify)i(whic)o(h)e(disk)h(to)g(format) -e(as:)562 1979 y(slot)i(bus)g(target{id)g([unit])474 2083 y(Where)19 -b(\\slot")e(is)h(the)g(decimal)e(slot)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(\(1{15\))g(of)h -(the)g(mass{storage)f(con)o(troller,)474 2133 y(\\bus")d(is)g(the)g(SCSI)g -(bus)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(\(0{3\),)g(\\id")g(is)h(the)g(decimal)f(SCSI)h -(target)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(\(0{)474 2182 y(15\))g(of)g(the)i(desired)g(disk) -e(driv)o(e,)h(and)g(\\unit")f(is)g(the)i(optional)d(SCSI)i(logical)e(unit)i -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)474 2232 y(\(0{7\))f(within)g(the)i(target.)349 -2318 y Fw(FORMAT)21 b(switches)474 2385 y FE(Switc)o(hes)15 -b(should)e(b)q(e)i(en)o(tered)g(after)f(all)f(other)i(argumen)o(ts.)474 -2453 y Fw(/FORCE-SIMPLE)561 2521 y FE(Soft)g(format)e(using)i(only)g(a)g -(simple)e(1)i(or)g(2)g(en)o(try)h(zone)g(table.)22 b(Normally)m(,)12 -b(TDBo)q(ot)561 2571 y(will)h(determine)i(the)g(prop)q(er)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -(and)g(sizes)i(or)f(zones)g(for)f(the)h(disk.)20 b(If)14 b(y)o(ou)h(are)561 -2620 y(told)g(that)h(there)h(are)f(to)q(o)f(man)o(y)f(zones,)i(y)o(ou)g(migh) -o(t)d(consider)k(p)q(erforming)d(the)i(soft)p eop -%%Page: 534 48 -534 47 bop 0 50 a FE(534)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)411 195 y FE(format)e(again)h(using)g(this)h(switc)o -(h.)411 263 y(Note:)19 b(The)c(zone)g(table)g(generated)g(using)f(this)h -(switc)o(h)g(will)e(most)g(lik)o(ely)g(not)h(matc)o(h)411 313 -y(the)h(actual)f(geometry)g(of)g(the)h(disk.)20 b(This)14 b(ma)o(y)f(cause)j -(op)q(erating)e(systems)h(or)f(other)411 362 y(soft)o(w)o(are)g(to)g -(incorrectly)h(optimize)d(transfers)k(to)e(this)g(device.)19 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)14 b(the)h(errors)411 412 y(should)f(b)q(e)g(relativ)o -(ely)f(small.)324 498 y Fw(/HARD)411 565 y FE(P)o(erform)g(a)g(hard)h(format) -e(follo)o(w)o(ed)h(b)o(y)g(a)h(soft)g(format.)324 651 y Fw(/LONG)411 -719 y FE(F)m(ormat)e(using)i(only)f(long)g(\(2304)g(b)o(yte/512)g(w)o(ord\))h -(blo)q(c)o(ks.)324 804 y Fw(/SHORT)411 872 y FE(F)m(ormat)e(using)i(only)f -(short)h(\(576)f(b)o(yte/128)h(w)o(ord\))f(blo)q(c)o(ks.)324 -958 y Fw(/SOFT)411 1025 y FE(P)o(erform)h(only)g(a)g(soft)g(format.)19 -b(The)c(unit)f(m)o(ust)g(already)g(ha)o(v)o(e)h(an)f(acceptable)i(hard)411 -1075 y(format.)324 1161 y Fw(/TYPE:keyword)411 1228 y FE(Select)f(a)e(sp)q -(eci\014c)j(format)c(algorithm.)j(The)g(follo)o(wing)c(algorithms)g(are)k(a)o -(v)n(ailable:)511 1329 y Fw(GENERIC)48 b FE(Default)13 b(format)f(algorithm) -511 1379 y Fw(HP)158 b FE(Algorithm)12 b(applied)h(to)h(Hewlett{P)o(ac)o(k)n -(ard)g(driv)o(es)511 1429 y Fw(SEAGATE)48 b FE(Algorithm)12 -b(applied)h(to)h(Seagate)g(driv)o(es)0 1530 y Fw(GET)21 b([path])199 -1598 y FE(GET)14 b(is)g(an)f(alternate)i(name)d(for)i(the)g(LO)o(AD)g -(command.)0 1683 y Fw(H[ALT])67 b FE(Stop)21 b(the)g(curren)o(tly)h(running)e -(program.)37 b(Certain)21 b(commands)d(are)j(allo)o(w)o(ed)e(only)h(when)h -(the)199 1733 y(program)13 b(is)g(halted.)18 b(The)d(program)d(ma)o(y)g(b)q -(e)i(resumed)g(using)g(the)g(CONTINUE)h(command.)0 1819 y Fw(HELP)111 -b FE(The)21 b(HELP)f(command)d(with)j(no)f(argumen)o(t)g(can)h(b)q(e)h(used)f -(to)g(get)g(a)g(list)f(of)h(commands)d(and)199 1869 y(brief)d(descriptions.) -20 b(T)m(o)14 b(get)g(a)g(more)f(detailed)h(description)h(of)f(a)g -(particular)g(command,)d(giv)o(e)i(the)199 1918 y(command)i(name)h(as)i(the)g -(argumen)o(t)e(to)i(the)g(HELP)g(command)c(\(e.g.,)k(\\HELP)f(HAL)m(T"\).)g -(This)199 1968 y(ma)o(y)12 b(b)q(e)i(extended)h(for)e(commands)e(with)j(m)o -(ultiple)d(k)o(eyw)o(ords)j(\(e.g.,)e(\\HELP)i(EXAMINE)g(PC"\).)199 -2018 y(Commands)h(with)i(switc)o(hes)i(will)d(pro)o(vide)i(help)f -(information)e(b)o(y)i(t)o(yping)g(the)h(command)d(name)199 -2068 y(follo)o(w)o(ed)10 b(b)o(y)h(\\switc)o(hes")h(and)f(one)g(of)g(the)h -(switc)o(hes)g(\(e.g.,)f(\\HELP)g(BOOT)h(switc)o(hes)g(/ST)m(AR)m(T:"\).)0 -2153 y Fw(INTERRUPT)199 2221 y FE(Set)g(the)g(in)o(terrupt)h(request)g -(\015ag)e(\(AP\045INT\))h(in)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(\015ags)e(accessible)i(b) -o(y)f(RD)o(APR)e(and)199 2271 y(con)o(tin)o(ue)15 b(the)g(program.)i(A)e -(program)d(can)j(use)g(this)g(to)f(receiv)o(e)h(in)o(terrupt)g(requests)i(b)o -(y)d(enabling)199 2321 y(an)g(in)o(terrupt)h(when)f(this)g(bit)f(is)h(set)h -(or)f(b)o(y)g(sampling)d(the)k(bit)e(p)q(erio)q(dically)m(.)0 -2406 y Fw(LIST)111 b FE(Displa)o(y)19 b(v)n(arious)h(static)g(system)h -(parameters)f(stored)h(in)f(non)o(v)o(olatile)e(RAM.)i(\(These)i(are)e(the) -199 2456 y(parameters)14 b(that)g(are)g(c)o(hanged)g(b)o(y)f(the)h(DEFINE,)g -(ENABLE,)g(and)g(DISABLE)g(commands.\))199 2524 y Fw(LIST)21 -b(AUTO-BOOT-DELAY)324 2591 y FE(Prin)o(t)11 b(the)h(auto{b)q(o)q(ot)f(dela)o -(y)g(in)g(seconds)h(for)f(this)h(pro)q(cessor)h(stored)f(in)f(non)o(v)o -(olatile)f(RAM.)p eop -%%Page: 535 49 -535 48 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.1.)31 b(MA)o(CR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)981 -b FE(535)349 195 y Fw(LIST)21 b(AUXILIARY-PORT)474 263 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 -b(the)g(state)h(of)e(the)i(auxiliary)d(terminal)g(p)q(ort)i(stored)h(in)e -(non)o(v)o(olatile)f(RAM.)349 348 y Fw(LIST)21 b(BOOT-DEFAULTS)474 -416 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(the)g(default)g(BOOT)h(command)c(argumen)o(t)h(stored) -j(in)f(non)o(v)o(olatile)e(RAM.)349 502 y Fw(LIST)21 b(CONFIGURATION)474 -569 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(the)g(static)g(bus)h(con\014guration)e(stored)i(in)f -(non)o(v)o(olatile)e(RAM.)349 655 y Fw(LIST)21 b(DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS)474 -723 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(the)g(static)g(D)o(A)m(YLIGHT{SA)-5 -b(VINGS)13 b(setting)i(stored)g(in)e(non)o(v)o(olatile)f(RAM.)349 -808 y Fw(LIST)21 b(DUMP-DEFAULTS)474 876 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(the)g(default)g -(DUMP)g(command)d(argumen)o(t)i(stored)h(in)g(non)o(v)o(olatile)e(RAM.)349 -961 y Fw(LIST)21 b(IP-ADDRESSES)474 1029 y FE(Prin)o(t)d(the)g(In)o(ternet)i -(Proto)q(col)e(Address)h(for)f(eac)o(h)g(net)o(w)o(ork)g(connection)h(in)f -(the)g(system)474 1079 y(stored)d(in)e(non)o(v)o(olatile)f(RAM.)349 -1164 y Fw(LIST)21 b(PARAMETERS)474 1232 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(the)g(sa)o(v)o(ed) -g(parameter)g(settings)h(stored)f(in)g(non)o(v)o(olatile)e(RAM.)349 -1318 y Fw(LIST)21 b(SCSI-IDS)474 1385 y FE(Prin)o(t)15 b(the)h(static)f(SCSI) -h(target)f(ID)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(for)f(eac)o(h)i(SCSI)f(bus)h(on)f(eac)o(h)h -(mass{storage)474 1435 y(con)o(troller)e(in)f(the)i(system)e(stored)i(in)f -(non)o(v)o(olatile)e(RAM.)349 1521 y Fw(LIST)21 b(SYNC-DELAY)474 -1588 y FE(Prin)o(t)13 b(the)h(sync)o(hronization)g(dela)o(y)f(in)g(seconds)i -(for)e(this)g(pro)q(cessor)i(stored)g(in)e(non)o(v)o(olatile)474 -1638 y(RAM.)349 1724 y Fw(LIST)21 b(TIMEZONE)474 1791 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 -b(the)g(static)g(lo)q(cal)f(TIMEZONE)j(v)n(alue)d(stored)i(in)e(non)o(v)o -(olatile)f(RAM.)349 1877 y Fw(LIST)21 b(*)474 1945 y FE(Prin)o(t)13 -b(the)g(state)g(of)g(all)e(information)f(stored)k(in)e(non)o(v)o(olatile)f -(RAM.)h(This)g(is)h(the)g(default)g(if)474 1994 y(no)g(argumen)o(ts)h(are)g -(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(after)f(the)h(LIST)f(command.)150 2080 y -Fw(L[OAD])67 b FE(Load)17 b(an)g(executable)i(\014le)e(in)o(to)g(memory)m(,)d -(but)k(do)f(not)g(start)h(it.)28 b(The)18 b(optional)e(argumen)o(t)g(can)349 -2130 y(sp)q(ecify)f(a)e(path)h(to)f(a)h(\014le)g(on)f(a)h(TOPS{20)f(or)h -(TOPS{10)f(structure,)j(a)d(net)o(w)o(ork)h(no)q(de,)g(a)f(sp)q(eci\014c)349 -2180 y(SCSI)21 b(tap)q(e)g(device)g(nexus,)h(a)e(sequen)o(tial)h(SCSI)f(tap)q -(e)h(name,)f(or)h(an)f(op)q(erating)g(system)g(tap)q(e)349 -2229 y(sp)q(eci\014er.)g(GET)14 b(is)f(an)h(alternate)g(name)f(for)h(LO)o -(AD.)349 2297 y Fw(L[OAD])21 b(path)474 2365 y FE(The)f(path)f(argumen)o(t)g -(for)g(LO)o(AD)g(has)h(the)g(same)f(format)f(as)h(describ)q(ed)j(for)d(the)h -(path)474 2415 y(argumen)o(t)13 b(to)g(the)i(BOOT)g(command.)349 -2500 y Fw(L[OAD])21 b(switches)474 2568 y FE(The)14 b(switc)o(hes)h(for)e(LO) -o(AD)h(are)g(the)g(same)f(as)h(those)g(describ)q(ed)i(in)d(the)i(BOOT)f -(command.)474 2618 y(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)j(the)g(/DEBUG)f(and)h(/ST)m(AR)m(T)e -(switc)o(hes)j(do)e(not)h(apply)e(to)i(the)g(LO)o(AD)f(com-)p -eop -%%Page: 536 50 -536 49 bop 0 50 a FE(536)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)324 195 y FE(mand.)0 281 y Fw(REINITIALIZE)199 -348 y FE(Clear)i(the)g(dynamic)d(con\014guration)i(data)g(and)g(rescan)i(the) -f(system)f(con\014guration)g(\(if)g(enabled\).)199 398 y(This)i(will)e(also)h -(cause)i(the)g(cac)o(he)f(and)g(pager)g(tests)h(to)f(b)q(e)g(run,)h(as)e(w)o -(ell)g(as)h(testing)g(or)g(clearing)199 448 y(memory)m(,)11 -b(if)i(enabled.)0 534 y Fw(RESET)89 b FE(Place)15 b(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)h -(comp)q(onen)o(ts)e(and/or)g(devices)i(in)e(their)h(initial)e(state.)20 -b(A)15 b(slot)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(or)g(a)199 583 y(k)o(eyw)o(ord)g(ma)o(y)e -(b)q(e)j(en)o(tered.)199 651 y Fw(RESET)21 b(slot)324 719 y -FE(The)14 b(\\slot")f(argumen)o(t)g(is)h(a)g(decimal)e(slot)i(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)f(\(0{15\))g(indicating)g(the)i(single)e(slot)h(to)324 -769 y(reset.)19 b(Slot)14 b(0)f(refers)j(to)d(this)h(CPU.)324 -836 y Fw(/HARD)411 904 y FE(Reset)j(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(device\(s\))h(in)e -(a)f(hard)i(manner.)23 b(A)17 b(hard)f(reset)i(ma)o(y)c(not)i(w)o(ait)411 -954 y(for)e(data)h(transfers)h(to)e(b)q(e)h(completed,)f(and)h(th)o(us)g -(could)f(discard)h(data)g(destined)g(for)411 1004 y(the)f(disk)g(or)g(net)o -(w)o(ork.)324 1089 y Fw(/SHUTDOWN)411 1157 y FE(Sh)o(ut)20 -b(do)o(wn)f(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(mass{storage)e(con)o(trollers.)36 -b(The)20 b(mass{storage)f(con-)411 1207 y(trollers)i(will)f(attempt)g(to)h -(complete)g(all)e(outstanding)i(requests)i(and)e(\015ush)h(their)411 -1256 y(cac)o(hes)15 b(bac)o(k)f(to)g(disk.)199 1342 y Fw(RESET)21 -b(BUS)324 1410 y FE(Reset)15 b(all)d(bus)j(devices)g(except)g(this)f(CPU.)324 -1477 y Fw(/HARD)411 1545 y FE(Reset)j(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(device\(s\))h -(in)e(a)f(hard)i(manner.)23 b(A)17 b(hard)f(reset)i(ma)o(y)c(not)i(w)o(ait) -411 1595 y(for)e(data)h(transfers)h(to)e(b)q(e)h(completed,)f(and)h(th)o(us)g -(could)f(discard)h(data)g(destined)g(for)411 1645 y(the)f(disk)g(or)g(net)o -(w)o(ork.)324 1730 y Fw(/SHUTDOWN)411 1798 y FE(Sh)o(ut)20 -b(do)o(wn)f(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(mass{storage)e(con)o(trollers.)36 -b(The)20 b(mass{storage)f(con-)411 1848 y(trollers)i(will)f(attempt)g(to)h -(complete)g(all)e(outstanding)i(requests)i(and)e(\015ush)h(their)411 -1898 y(cac)o(hes)15 b(bac)o(k)f(to)g(disk.)199 1983 y Fw(RESET)21 -b(CPU)324 2051 y FE(Reset)15 b(only)e(CPUs.)324 2118 y Fw(RESET)21 -b(CPU)g(arguments)411 2186 y FE(The)15 b(optional)d(decimal)h(slot)h(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)g(argumen)o(t)f(\(0{15\))g(indicates)i(a)f(sp)q(eci\014c)i(CPU)411 -2236 y(to)g(b)q(e)h(reset)h(\(0)e(is)g(a)g(synon)o(ym)f(for)g(this)i(CPU\).)f -(A)g(missing)f(argumen)o(t)g(or)h(\\*")f(will)411 2286 y(reset)g(all)e(CPUs)i -(in)e(the)i(system.)324 2371 y Fw(RESET)21 b(CPU)g(switches)411 -2439 y FE(Switc)o(hes)15 b(should)e(b)q(e)i(en)o(tered)g(after)g(all)d(other) -j(argumen)o(ts.)411 2507 y Fw(/HARD)477 2574 y FE(Reset)e(the)e(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(device\(s\))g(in)d(a)h(hard)h(manner.)k(A)11 b(hard)h(reset)g -(ma)o(y)e(not)h(w)o(ait)477 2624 y(for)j(data)h(transfers)g(to)g(b)q(e)g -(completed,)e(and)i(th)o(us)g(could)f(discard)h(data)f(destined)p -eop -%%Page: 537 51 -537 50 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.1.)31 b(MA)o(CR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)981 -b FE(537)627 195 y(for)14 b(the)g(disk)g(or)g(net)o(w)o(ork.)349 -299 y Fw(RESET)21 b(MASS-STORAGE)474 366 y FE(Reset)15 b(only)e(mass{storage) -g(con)o(trollers.)474 434 y Fw(RESET)21 b(MASS-STORAGE)e(arguments)561 -502 y FE(The)d(follo)o(wing)c(argumen)o(ts)j(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j(used)g(to)f -(reset)i(a)e(subset)h(of)f(the)h(mass{storage)561 551 y(devices:)650 -655 y(slot)d(bus)h(target{id)561 758 y(The)f(\\slot")g(argumen)o(t)e(sp)q -(eci\014es)k(a)e(mass{storage)f(con)o(troller,)h(the)g(\\bus")g(argumen)o(t) -561 808 y(sp)q(eci\014es)f(a)e(SCSI)g(bus,)h(and)f(the)h(\\id")e(argumen)o(t) -g(sp)q(eci\014es)j(a)e(SCSI)h(target)f(id)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)561 -858 y(A)j(missing)e(argumen)o(t)g(or)i(\\*")f(will)f(select)j(all)e(slots,)g -(buses,)i(or)f(ids)f(corresp)q(onding)i(to)561 908 y(the)g(argumen)o(t.)474 -993 y Fw(RESET)21 b(MASS-STORAGE)e(switches)561 1061 y FE(Switc)o(hes)c -(should)e(b)q(e)i(en)o(tered)g(after)g(all)d(other)j(argumen)o(ts.)561 -1129 y Fw(/HARD)627 1196 y FE(Reset)e(the)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(device\(s\))g -(in)d(a)h(hard)h(manner.)k(A)11 b(hard)h(reset)g(ma)o(y)e(not)h(w)o(ait)627 -1246 y(for)j(data)h(transfers)g(to)g(b)q(e)g(completed,)e(and)i(th)o(us)g -(could)f(discard)h(data)f(destined)627 1296 y(for)g(the)g(disk)g(or)g(net)o -(w)o(ork.)561 1382 y Fw(/SHUTDOWN)627 1449 y FE(Sh)o(ut)f(do)o(wn)g(the)g(sp) -q(eci\014ed)h(mass{storage)f(con)o(trollers.)18 b(The)13 b(mass{storage)f -(con-)627 1499 y(trollers)j(will)e(attempt)h(to)g(complete)g(all)f -(outstanding)h(requests)i(and)f(\015ush)g(their)627 1549 y(cac)o(hes)h(bac)o -(k)d(to)h(disk.)349 1652 y Fw(RESET)21 b(MEMORY)474 1720 y -FE(Reset)15 b(only)e(memories.)474 1788 y Fw(RESET)21 b(MEMORY)f(arguments) -561 1855 y FE(The)13 b(optional)f(decimal)f(slot)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(argumen) -o(t)f(\(0{15\))g(indicates)h(a)g(sp)q(eci\014c)i(mem-)561 1905 -y(ory)j(to)f(b)q(e)h(reset.)32 b(A)17 b(missing)f(argumen)o(t)h(or)g(\\*")g -(will)g(reset)i(all)d(memories)g(in)h(the)561 1955 y(system.)474 -2040 y Fw(RESET)k(MEMORY)f(switches)561 2108 y FE(Switc)o(hes)15 -b(should)e(b)q(e)i(en)o(tered)g(after)g(all)d(other)j(argumen)o(ts.)561 -2176 y Fw(/HARD)627 2244 y FE(Reset)e(the)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(device\(s\))g -(in)d(a)h(hard)h(manner.)k(A)11 b(hard)h(reset)g(ma)o(y)e(not)h(w)o(ait)627 -2293 y(for)j(data)h(transfers)g(to)g(b)q(e)g(completed,)e(and)i(th)o(us)g -(could)f(discard)h(data)f(destined)627 2343 y(for)g(the)g(disk)g(or)g(net)o -(w)o(ork.)349 2447 y Fw(RESET)21 b(NETWORK)474 2514 y FE(Reset)15 -b(only)e(net)o(w)o(ork)h(con)o(trollers.)474 2582 y Fw(RESET)21 -b(NETWORK)f(arguments)p eop -%%Page: 538 52 -538 51 bop 0 50 a FE(538)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)411 195 y FE(The)g(follo)o(wing)c(argumen)o(ts)j(ma)o -(y)e(b)q(e)j(used)g(to)f(reset)i(a)d(subset)j(of)e(the)g(net)o(w)o(ork)h(p)q -(orts:)500 299 y(slot)f(p)q(ort)411 402 y(The)g(\\slot")f(argumen)o(t)g(sp)q -(eci\014es)j(a)d(net)o(w)o(ork)i(con)o(troller,)e(and)h(the)g(\\p)q(ort")g -(argumen)o(t)411 452 y(sp)q(eci\014es)18 b(a)f(net)o(w)o(ork)g(p)q(ort.)26 -b(A)17 b(missing)e(argumen)o(t)g(or)i(\\*")f(will)f(select)j(all)d(slots)i -(or)411 502 y(p)q(orts)e(corresp)q(onding)f(to)g(the)h(argumen)o(t.)324 -587 y Fw(RESET)21 b(NETWORK)f(switches)411 655 y FE(Switc)o(hes)15 -b(should)e(b)q(e)i(en)o(tered)g(after)g(all)d(other)j(argumen)o(ts.)411 -723 y Fw(/HARD)477 790 y FE(Reset)e(the)e(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(device\(s\))g(in)d -(a)h(hard)h(manner.)k(A)11 b(hard)h(reset)g(ma)o(y)e(not)h(w)o(ait)477 -840 y(for)j(data)h(transfers)g(to)g(b)q(e)g(completed,)e(and)i(th)o(us)g -(could)f(discard)h(data)f(destined)477 890 y(for)g(the)g(disk)g(or)g(net)o(w) -o(ork.)199 993 y Fw(RESET)21 b(*)324 1061 y FE(Reset)15 b(all)e(system)h -(devices,)i(including)d(this)h(CPU.)h(This)f(is)g(the)h(default)f(if)g(no)g -(argumen)o(ts)324 1111 y(are)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(after)e(the)g(RESET)g -(command.)324 1178 y Fw(/HARD)411 1246 y FE(Reset)j(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g -(device\(s\))h(in)e(a)f(hard)i(manner.)23 b(A)17 b(hard)f(reset)i(ma)o(y)c -(not)i(w)o(ait)411 1296 y(for)e(data)h(transfers)h(to)e(b)q(e)h(completed,)f -(and)h(th)o(us)g(could)f(discard)h(data)g(destined)g(for)411 -1346 y(the)f(disk)g(or)g(net)o(w)o(ork.)324 1431 y Fw(/SHUTDOWN)411 -1499 y FE(Sh)o(ut)20 b(do)o(wn)f(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(mass{storage)e(con)o -(trollers.)36 b(The)20 b(mass{storage)f(con-)411 1549 y(trollers)i(will)f -(attempt)g(to)h(complete)g(all)e(outstanding)i(requests)i(and)e(\015ush)h -(their)411 1599 y(cac)o(hes)15 b(bac)o(k)f(to)g(disk.)0 1702 -y Fw(REWIND)21 b(scsi-device-spe)o(cifie)o(r)199 1770 y FE(Rewind)15 -b(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(SCSI)f(device)g(\(usually)e(a)i(tap)q(e\).)23 -b(The)16 b(device)g(is)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(using)e(one)h(of)199 -1820 y(the)f(follo)o(wing)c(formats:)262 1920 y Fw(#)21 b(slot)g(bus)g -(target)g([unit])70 b FE(T)m(o)13 b(sp)q(ecify)i(an)e(explicit)h(SCSI)g -(nexus)262 1988 y Fw(MTAnnn:)440 b FE(T)m(o)17 b(sp)q(ecify)g(a)g(SCSI)g(tap) -q(e)h(b)o(y)f(its)g(sequen)o(tial)856 2038 y(nexus)e(p)q(osition)262 -2105 y Fw(channel,)20 b(controller,)f(unit)49 b FE(Op)q(erating)14 -b(system)g(tap)q(e)h(sp)q(eci\014er)0 2225 y Fw(R[UN])21 b([path])199 -2293 y FE(R)o(UN)14 b(is)g(an)f(alternate)i(name)d(for)i(the)g(BOOT)h -(command.)0 2378 y Fw(SAVE)111 b FE(Sa)o(v)o(e)18 b(the)h(curren)o(t)g -(program)d(as)i(an)g(executable)h(image)d(to)i(the)h(\014le)f(sp)q(eci\014ed) -h(b)o(y)f(the)g(optional)199 2428 y(path)f(argumen)o(t.)27 -b(The)17 b(optional)f(argumen)o(t)f(can)j(sp)q(ecify)f(a)g(path)g(to)g(a)g -(\014le)g(on)f(a)h(TOPS{20)g(or)199 2478 y(TOPS{10)11 b(structure,)j(a)c(net) -o(w)o(ork)i(no)q(de,)f(a)g(sp)q(eci\014c)i(SCSI)e(tap)q(e)h(device)g(nexus,)g -(a)f(sequen)o(tial)g(SCSI)199 2528 y(tap)q(e)j(name,)d(or)j(an)e(op)q -(erating)h(system)g(tap)q(e)h(sp)q(eci\014er.)19 b(There)c(is)e(no)g(default) -f(path.)18 b(If)13 b(the)g(target)199 2577 y(device)j(is)f(a)g(disk)g -(structure,)i(the)f(giv)o(en)f(\014le)g(m)o(ust)f(exist)h(and)g(it)g(m)o(ust) -f(b)q(e)i(b)q(e)g(capacious)f(enough)199 2627 y(to)f(hold)f(the)i(program.)h -(***)d(Not)h(implemen)o(ted)e(y)o(et)i(***)p eop -%%Page: 539 53 -539 52 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.1.)31 b(MA)o(CR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)981 -b FE(539)349 195 y Fw(SAVE)21 b(path)474 263 y FE(The)16 b(syn)o(tax)g(of)g -(the)h(path)f(argumen)o(t)f(to)h(the)g(SA)-5 b(VE)17 b(command)d(is)i(the)g -(same)f(as)i(for)e(the)474 313 y(BOOT)e(command.)i(There)f(is)e(no)g(default) -g(path)h(string)f(for)h(the)g(SA)-5 b(VE)13 b(command;)d(a)i(path)474 -362 y(m)o(ust)h(b)q(e)h(supplied.)474 430 y(If)f(a)g(structure)j(is)e(used,)g -(the)g(remaining)e(\014le)h(\014elds)h(are)g(defaulted)g(\(note:)k(no)c -(default)f(\014le-)474 480 y(name\).)18 b(F)m(or)c(TOPS{20)g(and)g(TOPS{10,)g -(the)h(default)f(\014le)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(\(extension\))h(is)e(\\.EXE".)474 -530 y(F)m(or)f(TOPS{20,)g(the)i(default)f(generation)g(is)f(0.)349 -615 y Fw(SAVE)21 b(switches)474 683 y FE(The)f(switc)o(hes)g(for)f(the)h(SA) --5 b(VE)21 b(command)16 b(are)k(the)g(same)e(as)i(those)g(describ)q(ed)h(for) -e(the)474 733 y(DUMP)14 b(command.)150 818 y Fw(SCAN)111 b -FE(Chec)o(k)15 b(v)n(arious)e(memory)e(elemen)o(ts)j(for)g(data)f(patterns)i -(and/or)f(errors.)349 886 y Fw(SCAN)21 b(CACHE)474 954 y FE(Chec)o(k)14 -b(the)h(CPU)f(cac)o(he)h(for)e(data)h(patterns)h(and/or)f(errors.)474 -1021 y Fw(SCAN)21 b(CACHE)g(DATA)f(value)h([mask])561 1089 -y FE(Chec)o(k)11 b(the)h(CPU)f(cac)o(he)h(for)f(data)f(patterns.)18 -b(The)12 b(\014rst)f(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(the)g(searc)o(h)h(data)561 -1139 y(to)j(b)q(e)g(matc)o(hed)f(against)h(an)o(y)f(cac)o(he)i(data)e(en)o -(try)m(.)21 b(The)16 b(optional)d(second)j(argumen)o(t)561 -1189 y(is)c(the)i(mask)d(to)h(b)q(e)h(anded)g(with)f(the)i(cac)o(he)f(data)f -(en)o(try)i(b)q(efore)f(comparing)e(it)h(to)g(the)561 1239 -y(searc)o(h)j(data.)j(If)13 b(the)i(second)g(argumen)o(t)d(is)i(not)g(sp)q -(eci\014ed,)h(it)e(defaults)h(to)g(all)f(ones.)474 1324 y Fw(SCAN)21 -b(CACHE)g(ERRORS)561 1392 y FE(Chec)o(k)16 b(the)g(CPU)g(cac)o(he)h(memory)c -(for)i(errors.)25 b(Eac)o(h)16 b(cac)o(he)h(line,)e(set,)h(and)g(w)o(ord)f -(is)561 1442 y(examined)f(and)g(an)o(y)h(cac)o(he)h(data)e(or)h(tag)f(parit)o -(y)m(,)g(or)h(b)q(oth)g(cac)o(he)h(sets)g(matc)o(h)e(errors)561 -1491 y(are)g(prin)o(ted.)k(This)13 b(is)g(the)h(default)f(if)f(no)h(argumen)o -(ts)g(are)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(after)g(the)g(SCAN)561 1541 y(CA)o(CHE)g -(command.)561 1609 y Fw(/REPAIR)627 1677 y FE(When)19 b(an)f(error)h(is)g -(encoun)o(tered)h(during)e(the)h(scan,)h(an)e(attempt)g(is)g(made)f(to)627 -1726 y(repair)g(it.)27 b(In)16 b(the)i(case)g(or)e(a)h(parit)o(y)f(error,)i -(this)f(means)f(rewriting)g(the)i(tag)e(or)627 1776 y(data)f(with)g(go)q(o)q -(d)f(parit)o(y)m(.)21 b(In)15 b(the)g(case)h(of)f(b)q(oth)g(sets)h(matc)o -(hed,)e(one)i(of)e(the)i(sets)627 1826 y(will)d(b)q(e)h(cleared)h(if)e(it)h -(has)g(not)f(b)q(een)i(mo)q(di\014ed.)474 1912 y Fw(SCAN)21 -b(CACHE)g(TAG)g(value)f([mask])561 1979 y FE(Chec)o(k)e(the)g(CPU)f(cac)o(he) -h(memory)d(for)i(tag)g(patterns.)29 b(The)17 b(\014rst)h(argumen)o(t)e(is)h -(the)561 2029 y(searc)o(h)g(tag)e(to)g(b)q(e)i(matc)o(hed)d(against)h(an)o(y) -h(cac)o(he)g(tag)f(en)o(try)m(.)24 b(The)16 b(optional)e(second)561 -2079 y(argumen)o(t)d(is)i(the)g(mask)e(to)h(b)q(e)h(anded)g(with)f(the)h(cac) -o(he)g(tag)f(en)o(try)i(b)q(efore)f(comparing)561 2129 y(it)k(to)h(the)g -(searc)o(h)g(tag.)29 b(See)19 b(the)f(description)g(of)f(the)h(DRDCSH)f -(instruction)h(E+1)561 2179 y(w)o(ord)f(for)g(the)h(format)d(of)i(the)h(tag.) -28 b(If)16 b(the)i(second)h(argumen)o(t)d(is)h(not)g(sp)q(eci\014ed,)i(it)561 -2228 y(defaults)14 b(to)g(all)e(ones.)349 2314 y Fw(SCAN)21 -b(MEMORY)474 2382 y FE(Chec)o(k)14 b(system)g(memory)d(for)j(data)f(patterns) -j(and/or)d(errors.)474 2449 y Fw(SCAN)21 b(MEMORY)f(DATA)h(value)g([mask])561 -2517 y FE(Chec)o(k)10 b(system)g(memory)d(for)i(data)g(patterns.)18 -b(The)10 b(\014rst)g(argumen)o(t)f(is)g(the)i(searc)o(h)f(data)561 -2567 y(to)15 b(b)q(e)g(matc)o(hed)f(against)g(an)o(y)g(pager)h(data)g(en)o -(try)m(.)21 b(The)15 b(optional)e(second)j(argumen)o(t)561 -2617 y(is)c(the)h(mask)e(to)i(b)q(e)g(anded)g(with)f(the)h(pager)g(data)f(en) -o(try)h(b)q(efore)g(comparing)e(it)h(to)g(the)p eop -%%Page: 540 54 -540 53 bop 0 50 a FE(540)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)411 195 y FE(searc)o(h)j(data.)23 b(If)16 -b(the)g(second)h(argumen)o(t)e(is)g(not)h(sp)q(eci\014ed,)h(it)f(defaults)g -(to)f(all)g(ones.)411 245 y(Only)f(con\014gured)g(memories)e(are)i(scanned.) -324 330 y Fw(SCAN)21 b(MEMORY)f(ERRORS)411 398 y FE(Chec)o(k)h(system)g -(memory)d(for)i(parit)o(y)g(errors.)40 b(All)19 b(memory)f(mo)q(dules)i(whic) -o(h)h(are)411 448 y(con\014gured)16 b(are)g(read)g(and)g(an)o(y)f(parit)o(y)g -(errors)i(are)f(prin)o(ted.)23 b(This)16 b(is)f(the)i(default)e(if)411 -498 y(no)f(argumen)o(ts)f(are)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(after)g(the)f(SCAN)g(MEMOR)m -(Y)g(command.)411 565 y Fw(/REPAIR)477 633 y FE(When)19 b(an)f(error)h(is)g -(encoun)o(tered)h(during)e(the)h(scan,)h(an)e(attempt)g(is)g(made)f(to)477 -683 y(repair)c(it.)k(In)12 b(the)h(case)h(or)e(a)g(parit)o(y)g(error,)h(this) -f(means)g(rewriting)g(the)h(data)f(with)477 733 y(go)q(o)q(d)i(parit)o(y)m(.) -199 836 y Fw(SCAN)21 b(PAGER)324 904 y FE(Chec)o(k)14 b(the)h(CPU)f(pager)g -(for)g(data)f(patterns)i(and/or)f(errors.)324 972 y Fw(SCAN)21 -b(PAGER)g(DATA)f(value)h([mask])411 1039 y FE(Chec)o(k)11 b(the)h(CPU)f -(pager)g(for)f(data)h(patterns.)18 b(The)11 b(\014rst)h(argumen)o(t)d(is)i -(the)g(searc)o(h)h(data)411 1089 y(to)j(b)q(e)g(matc)o(hed)f(against)g(an)o -(y)g(pager)h(data)g(en)o(try)m(.)21 b(The)15 b(optional)e(second)j(argumen)o -(t)411 1139 y(is)c(the)h(mask)e(to)i(b)q(e)g(anded)g(with)f(the)h(pager)g -(data)f(en)o(try)h(b)q(efore)g(comparing)e(it)h(to)g(the)411 -1189 y(searc)o(h)j(data.)j(If)13 b(the)i(second)g(argumen)o(t)d(is)i(not)g -(sp)q(eci\014ed,)h(it)e(defaults)h(to)g(all)f(ones.)324 1274 -y Fw(SCAN)21 b(PAGER)g(ERRORS)411 1342 y FE(Chec)o(k)c(the)h(CPU)f(pager)g -(for)g(errors.)28 b(Eac)o(h)17 b(pager)g(line)f(and)h(set)h(is)f(examined)e -(and)411 1392 y(an)o(y)i(pager)h(data)g(or)g(tag)f(parit)o(y)m(,)g(or)h(b)q -(oth)g(pager)g(sets)h(matc)o(h)e(errors)i(are)f(prin)o(ted.)411 -1442 y(This)g(is)f(the)h(default)g(if)f(not)g(argumen)o(ts)g(are)h(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(after)e(the)g(SCAN)g(P)m(A)o(GER)411 1491 y(command.)411 -1559 y Fw(/REPAIR)477 1627 y FE(When)h(an)f(error)h(is)g(encoun)o(tered)h -(during)e(the)h(scan,)h(an)e(attempt)g(is)g(made)f(to)477 1677 -y(repair)g(it.)27 b(In)16 b(the)i(case)g(or)e(a)h(parit)o(y)f(error,)i(this)f -(means)f(rewriting)g(the)i(tag)e(or)477 1726 y(data)f(with)g(go)q(o)q(d)f -(parit)o(y)m(.)21 b(In)15 b(the)g(case)h(of)f(b)q(oth)g(sets)h(matc)o(hed,)e -(one)i(of)e(the)i(sets)477 1776 y(will)d(b)q(e)h(cleared.)324 -1862 y Fw(SCAN)21 b(PAGER)g(TAG)g(value)f([mask])411 1929 y -FE(Chec)o(k)15 b(the)g(CPU)g(pager)f(for)g(tag)g(patterns.)21 -b(The)15 b(\014rst)g(argumen)o(t)f(is)g(the)h(searc)o(h)g(tag)411 -1979 y(to)g(b)q(e)g(matc)o(hed)f(against)g(an)o(y)h(pager)g(tag)f(en)o(try)m -(.)21 b(The)16 b(optinal)d(second)j(argumen)o(t)e(is)411 2029 -y(the)k(mask)d(to)i(b)q(e)h(anded)f(with)g(the)g(pager)h(tag)e(en)o(try)i(b)q -(efore)g(comparing)d(it)h(to)h(the)411 2079 y(searc)o(h)c(tag.)k(If)11 -b(the)i(second)f(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(not)f(sp)q(eci\014ed,)j(it)d(defaults)h -(to)g(all)e(ones.)18 b(See)411 2129 y(the)d(description)g(of)f(the)h(DRDPTB)f -(instruction)h(E+1)g(w)o(ord)f(for)h(the)g(format)d(of)i(the)411 -2179 y(tag.)0 2282 y Fw(SET)133 b FE(Change)15 b(certain)g(dynamic)e -(information)e(sa)o(v)o(ed)k(in)f(MemA)g(\(in)g(a)g(manner)g(less)h(p)q -(ermanen)o(t)f(than)199 2332 y(the)h(DEFINE)f(command\).)h(\(See)g(also)f -(the)g(SHO)o(W)g(command.\))199 2399 y Fw(SET)21 b(AUXILIARY-PORT)e -FC(f)p Fw(ON)i(|)h(OFF)p FC(g)324 2467 y FE(Set)c(the)h(state)f(of)g(the)g -(auxiliary)e(terminal)g(p)q(ort.)30 b(The)19 b(new)f(state)g(is)g(applied)f -(immedi-)324 2517 y(ately)d(to)h(the)g(auxiliary)e(p)q(ort.)20 -b(The)15 b(k)o(eyw)o(ords)g(and)f(their)h(meanings)e(are)i(listed)g(with)f -(the)324 2567 y(DEFINE)g(A)o(UXILIAR)m(Y{POR)m(T)f(command.)p -eop -%%Page: 541 55 -541 54 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.1.)31 b(MA)o(CR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)981 -b FE(541)349 195 y Fw(SET)21 b(ADDRESS-BREAK)474 263 y FE(Set)15 -b(an)f(address)h(break)g(after)f(loading)f(a)h(program)f(in)o(to)g(memory)m -(.)k(If)d(y)o(ou)f(set)j(an)e(address)474 313 y(break)e(and)g(then)h(load)f -(the)g(\014rst)h(program,)e(the)i(implicit)c(program)i(reset)j(that)e(is)g -(done)g(will)474 362 y(clear)i(the)h(break.)474 430 y Fw(SET)21 -b(ADDRESS-BREAK)e(arguments)561 498 y FE(The)14 b(single)g(argumen)o(t)f(is)g -(a)h(30{bit)f(virtual)g(address)i(on)f(whic)o(h)f(to)h(break.)474 -583 y Fw(SET)21 b(ADDRESS-BREAK)e(switches)561 651 y FE(Switc)o(hes)c(should) -e(b)q(e)i(en)o(tered)g(after)g(all)d(other)j(argumen)o(ts.)561 -719 y Fw(/EXECUTE)627 786 y FE(Select)g(an)f(address)h(break)f(when)g(an)g -(instruction)g(is)f(fetc)o(hed)i(from)d(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)627 -836 y(address.)561 922 y Fw(/READ)627 989 y FE(Select)h(an)f(address)h(break) -f(when)h(data)e(is)h(read)g(from)f(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(address.)561 -1075 y Fw(/USER)627 1143 y FE(Select)21 b(an)e(address)h(break)g(when)f(the)h -(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(address)g(is)e(accessed)i(in)e(user)627 1193 -y(mo)q(de.)561 1278 y Fw(/WRITE)627 1346 y FE(Select)c(an)f(address)h(break)f -(when)h(data)e(is)h(written)g(to)g(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(address.)349 -1449 y Fw(SET)21 b(CONFIGURATION)474 1517 y FE(Explicitly)12 -b(con\014gure)j(v)n(arious)e(parts)i(of)e(the)i(mac)o(hine.)474 -1585 y Fw(SET)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(slot)561 1652 y FE(The)11 -b(\\slot")g(argumen)o(t)e(is)i(a)g(decimal)e(slot)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -(\(0{15\))g(indicating)g(the)i(single)e(slot)561 1702 y(to)16 -b(con\014gure.)26 b(That)16 b(slot)g(will)e(b)q(e)j(p)q(olled)f(and)g(the)g -(results)i(sa)o(v)o(ed)e(in)g(the)h(dynamic)561 1752 y(con\014guration)h -(database)g(for)g(that)g(slot.)31 b(An)o(y)18 b(discrepancies)i(b)q(et)o(w)o -(een)g(the)f(sa)o(v)o(ed)561 1802 y(con\014guration)13 b(and)h(the)h(curren)o -(t)g(con\014guration)f(for)f(that)h(slot)g(will)e(b)q(e)j(prin)o(ted.)474 -1887 y Fw(SET)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(BUS)561 1955 y FE(Explicitly)12 -b(p)q(oll)h(eac)o(h)h(slot)f(in)g(the)h(mac)o(hine)e(and)h(initialize)f(the)i -(dynamic)e(con\014gura-)561 2005 y(tion.)17 b(It)c(will)e(also)h(prin)o(t)h -(an)o(y)f(discrepancies)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(the)e(sa)o(v)o(ed)g -(con\014guration)f(and)561 2055 y(the)i(curren)o(t)i(con\014guration)d(for)h -(eac)o(h)g(slot.)474 2140 y Fw(SET)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(MASS-STORAGE)561 -2208 y FE(Set)10 b(up)g(the)g(dynamic)e(con\014guration)h(of)g(all)f -(mass{storage)h(con)o(trollers)h(in)f(the)i(system.)561 2258 -y(Start)j(all)f(disks)h(and)g(rep)q(ort)h(device)f(con\014guration.)474 -2343 y Fw(SET)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(MEMORY)561 2411 y FE(Con\014gure)d(memory) -m(.)j(Eac)o(h)c(memory)e(is)i(tested)i(for)e(prop)q(er)h(op)q(eration)f(and)g -(con\014g-)561 2461 y(ured)g(for)e(use.)561 2528 y Fw(/CLEAR)627 -2596 y FE(Enable)h(clearing)f(memory)e(after)j(con\014guration)f(and)g -(testing.)18 b(The)c(default)f(set-)p eop -%%Page: 542 56 -542 55 bop 0 50 a FE(542)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)477 195 y FE(ting)9 b(for)g(this)h(switc)o(h)g(is)f -(the)h(same)f(as)g(the)h(previous)g(\\CONFIGURE)f(MEMOR)m(Y")477 -245 y(command.)16 b(A)o(t)d(p)q(o)o(w)o(erup,)h(it)f(is)g(initialized)f(to)i -(the)g(same)e(setting)i(as)g(that)f(of)g(the)477 295 y(CLEAR{MEMOR)m(Y)h -(startup)g(parameter.)411 380 y Fw(/FORCE)477 448 y FE(Reconsider)f(an)o(y)e -(memory)d(units)k(that)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)i(put)e(o\013)h(line.)k(Suc)o -(h)c(a)f(unit)g(will)477 498 y(ha)o(v)o(e)j(to)f(pass)h(some)f(tests)h(b)q -(efore)h(it)e(is)g(accepted.)20 b(This)13 b(setting)h(is)f(remem)o(b)q(ered) -477 548 y(as)h(part)g(of)f(the)h(dynamic)e(con\014guration)h(and)g(will)g(b)q -(e)h(used)g(un)o(til)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)477 597 y(is)d(reset)i(or)e(TDBo)q -(ot)g(is)g(REINITIALIZEd)g(or)g(the)h(/NOF)o(OR)o(CE)f(switc)o(h)h(is)f -(used.)411 683 y Fw(/FORWARD)477 751 y FE(Con\014gure)17 b(the)f(memory)e(in) -h(the)i(forw)o(ard)e(direction;)i(that)f(is,)g(with)g(the)g(lo)o(w)o(est)477 -800 y(ph)o(ysical)11 b(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(ha)o(ving)g(the)h(lo)o(w)o -(est)f(addresses.)20 b(This)11 b(setting)h(is)g(remem-)477 -850 y(b)q(ered)21 b(as)e(part)h(of)e(the)i(dynamic)e(con\014guration)g(and)h -(will)f(b)q(e)i(used)g(un)o(til)e(the)477 900 y(pro)q(cessor)e(is)e(reset)h -(or)f(TDBo)q(ot)g(is)g(REINITIALIZEd.)411 986 y Fw(/NOCACHING)477 -1053 y FE(Disable)e(use)h(of)e(the)i(cac)o(he)g(to)f(accelerate)i(the)e(op)q -(eration.)18 b(This)12 b(will)e(force)j(direct)477 1103 y(memory)e(accesses)k -(ev)o(en)e(though)g(they)g(are)g(slo)o(w)o(er.)18 b(Use)13 -b(this)g(if)f(y)o(ou)g(think)h(there)477 1153 y(are)18 b(problems)e(with)h -(the)g(cac)o(he.)29 b(Cac)o(hing)17 b(will)e(automatically)f(b)q(e)k -(disabled)f(if)477 1203 y(the)c(CA)o(CHE{TEST)g(startup)g(parameter)g(is)f -(disabled,)g(or)g(if)g(there)i(w)o(ere)f(initial-)477 1253 -y(ization)i(errors.)22 b(Since)16 b(using)e(the)i(cac)o(he)g(requires)g -(using)f(the)g(pager,)g(cac)o(hing)g(is)477 1302 y(implicitly)g(disabled)j -(if)g(paging)f(is)h(disabled)g(\(P)m(A)o(GER{TEST)f(is)h(disabled,)h(or)477 -1352 y(/NOP)m(A)o(GING)13 b(w)o(as)h(sp)q(eci\014ed\).)411 -1438 y Fw(/NOCLEAR)477 1505 y FE(Disable)e(clearing)g(memory)e(after)j -(con\014guration)f(and)g(testing.)18 b(The)13 b(default)f(set-)477 -1555 y(ting)d(for)g(this)h(switc)o(h)g(is)f(the)h(same)f(as)g(the)h(previous) -g(\\CONFIGURE)f(MEMOR)m(Y")477 1605 y(command.)16 b(A)o(t)d(p)q(o)o(w)o -(erup,)h(it)f(is)g(initialized)f(to)i(the)g(same)e(setting)i(as)g(that)f(of)g -(the)477 1655 y(CLEAR{MEMOR)m(Y)h(startup)g(parameter.)411 -1740 y Fw(/NOFORCE)477 1808 y FE(Do)h(not)f(reconsider)j(an)o(y)d(memory)e -(units)j(that)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)i(tak)o(en)f(o\013)g(line.)20 -b(This)477 1858 y(setting)d(is)g(remem)o(b)q(ered)f(as)g(part)h(of)f(the)h -(dynamic)e(con\014guration)h(and)g(will)f(b)q(e)477 1908 y(used)g(un)o(til)e -(the)i(pro)q(cessor)g(is)f(reset)i(or)d(TDBo)q(ot)h(is)g(REINITIALIZEd.)411 -1993 y Fw(/NOPAGING)477 2061 y FE(Disable)g(use)h(of)e(paging)h(to)g -(accelerate)h(the)g(op)q(eration.)k(This)14 b(will)f(force)h(the)h(use)477 -2111 y(of)j(PMO)o(VEM)g(ev)o(en)h(though)e(it)h(is)f(slo)o(w)o(er.)30 -b(Use)19 b(this)f(if)f(y)o(ou)g(think)g(there)j(are)477 2161 -y(problems)e(with)g(the)i(pager.)32 b(P)o(aging)18 b(will)f(automatically)f -(b)q(e)j(disabled)f(if)g(the)477 2210 y(P)m(A)o(GER{TEST)c(startup)i -(parameter)f(is)g(disabled,)f(or)h(if)f(there)i(w)o(ere)g(initializa-)477 -2260 y(tion)j(errors.)34 b(Since)19 b(using)g(the)g(cac)o(he)h(requires)g -(using)e(the)i(pager,)f(cac)o(hing)g(is)477 2310 y(implicitly)11 -b(disabled)j(if)f(paging)f(is)i(disabled.)411 2396 y Fw(/NOTEST)477 -2463 y FE(Disable)i(memory)d(testing)j(after)g(con\014guration.)24 -b(The)16 b(default)f(setting)h(for)g(this)477 2513 y(switc)o(h)c(is)g(the)g -(same)f(as)h(the)g(previous)g(\\CONFIGURE)g(MEMOR)m(Y")f(command.)477 -2563 y(A)o(t)18 b(p)q(o)o(w)o(erup,)i(it)d(is)h(initialized)f(to)g(the)i -(same)e(setting)i(as)f(that)g(of)f(the)i(TEST{)477 2613 y(MEMOR)m(Y)14 -b(startup)h(parameter.)p eop -%%Page: 543 57 -543 56 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.1.)31 b(MA)o(CR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)981 -b FE(543)561 195 y Fw(/REVERSE)627 263 y FE(Con\014gure)19 -b(the)f(memory)e(in)h(the)i(highest)f(ph)o(ysical)g(slot)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h -(to)g(ha)o(v)o(e)f(the)627 313 y(lo)o(w)o(est)k(addresses.)39 -b(This)20 b(setting)h(is)f(remem)o(b)q(ered)g(as)g(part)h(of)f(the)h(dynamic) -627 362 y(con\014guration)16 b(and)g(will)e(b)q(e)j(used)g(un)o(til)e(the)i -(pro)q(cessor)h(is)e(reset)h(or)f(TDBo)q(ot)g(is)627 412 y(REINITIALIZEd.)561 -498 y Fw(/TEST)627 565 y FE(Enable)h(memory)d(testing)j(after)g -(con\014guration.)26 b(The)17 b(default)f(setting)h(for)f(this)627 -615 y(switc)o(h)c(is)g(the)g(same)f(as)h(the)g(previous)g(\\CONFIGURE)g -(MEMOR)m(Y")f(command.)627 665 y(A)o(t)18 b(p)q(o)o(w)o(erup,)i(it)d(is)h -(initialized)f(to)g(the)i(same)e(setting)i(as)f(that)g(of)f(the)i(TEST{)627 -715 y(MEMOR)m(Y)14 b(startup)h(parameter.)474 800 y Fw(SET)21 -b(CONFIGURATION)e(NETWORK)561 868 y FE(Set)e(up)f(the)h(dynamic)d -(con\014guration)i(of)g(all)f(net)o(w)o(ork)h(connections)h(in)f(the)h -(system.)561 918 y(There)k(is)f(curren)o(tly)g(no)g(dynamic)e(conguration)h -(to)h(setup)h(for)e(the)i(net)o(w)o(ork)f(con-)561 968 y(trollers.)e(This)c -(command)d(is)j(reserv)o(ed)i(for)d(future)i(expansion.)474 -1053 y Fw(SET)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(*)561 1121 y FE(P)o(erform)9 -b(the)h(default)g(system)g(con\014guration)f(whic)o(h)h(includes)g(the)h -(BUS,)f(MEMOR)m(Y,)561 1171 y(and)h(MASS{STORA)o(GE.)g(This)g(is)h(the)g -(default)f(if)g(no)g(argumen)o(ts)g(are)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(after)561 -1221 y(the)h(SET)h(CONFIGURA)m(TION)e(command.)349 1306 y Fw(SET)21 -b(DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS)474 1374 y FE(Set)14 b(default)g(da)o(yligh)o(t)e(sa)o -(vings)i(handling.)474 1442 y Fw(SET)21 b(DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS)d(ALWAYS)561 -1509 y FE(Alw)o(a)o(ys)13 b(pro)q(cess)i(date)f(and)f(time)g(with)g(da)o -(yligh)o(t)f(sa)o(vings)h(time)f(in)h(e\013ect.)19 b(This)14 -b(ma)o(y)561 1559 y(b)q(e)g(useful)g(if)g(the)g(A)o(UTOMA)m(TIC)g(setting)g -(is)g(not)g(appropriate)g(for)f(y)o(our)h(site.)474 1645 y -Fw(SET)21 b(DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS)d(AUTOMATIC)561 1712 y FE(Automatically)8 -b(determine)i(when)h(to)g(pro)q(cess)h(date)f(and)g(time)e(with)h(da)o(yligh) -o(t)f(sa)o(vings)561 1762 y(time)15 b(in)h(e\013ect.)27 b(The)17 -b(determination)e(is)h(based)h(on)f(the)h(rules)g(in)f(e\013ect)i(in)e(most)g -(of)561 1812 y(the)e(USA)g(at)f(the)h(time)e(of)h(this)h(writing.)j(If)c -(this)g(do)q(es)h(not)g(seem)f(to)g(b)q(e)h(appropriate,)561 -1862 y(consider)h(using)e(the)i(AL)-5 b(W)g(A)m(YS)14 b(or)g(NEVER)g -(settings.)474 1947 y Fw(SET)21 b(DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS)d(NEVER)561 -2015 y FE(Nev)o(er)e(pro)q(cess)h(date)f(and)f(time)f(with)h(da)o(yligh)o(t)f -(sa)o(vings)h(time)f(in)h(e\013ect.)24 b(This)15 b(ma)o(y)561 -2065 y(b)q(e)f(useful)g(if)g(the)g(A)o(UTOMA)m(TIC)g(setting)g(is)g(not)g -(appropriate)g(for)f(y)o(our)h(site.)349 2150 y Fw(SET)21 b(SCSI-ID)g(slot)g -(bus)g FC(f)p Fw(id)g(|)h(OFFLINE)p FC(g)474 2218 y FE(Set)15 -b(the)h(initiator)e(target)h(ID)g(for)g(a)f(connected)j(SCSI)e(bus.)22 -b(The)15 b(argumen)o(ts)g(sp)q(ecify)g(the)474 2268 y(mass{storage)c(con)o -(troller,)i(SCSI)f(Bus,)h(and)f(what)h(ID)f(to)g(use)h(\(or)g(to)f(set)i(the) -f(bus)f(o\013)h(line\).)474 2336 y(This)e(command)e(c)o(hanges)k(only)e(the)h -(dynamic)e(con\014guration)h(of)h(the)g(SCSI)g(in)o(terface.)18 -b(The)474 2385 y(\\SET)h(CONFIGURA)m(TION)h(BUS")f(and)h(\\SET)f(CONFIGURA)m -(TION)g(*")g(commands)474 2435 y(will)e(set)i(the)g(SCSI)g(bus)g(states)h -(from)d(their)i(static)f(v)n(alues)h(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(via)e(DEFINE)i(SCSI{)474 -2485 y(ID.The)12 b(\\slot")f(is)h(the)h(decimal)d(slot)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(\(1{15\))f(of)h(a)g(mass{storage)f(con)o(troller.)18 b(The)474 -2535 y(\\bus")12 b(is)h(the)g(SCSI)g(bus)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(\(0{3\).)17 -b(The)c(\\id")e(is)i(the)g(decimal)e(SCSI)i(target)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)474 -2585 y(\(0{15\))f(whic)o(h)h(the)h(SCSI)f(con)o(troller)g(should)g(use)h(to)f -(iden)o(tify)f(itself)h(on)g(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(bus.)p -eop -%%Page: 544 58 -544 57 bop 0 50 a FE(544)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)324 195 y FE(If)d(y)o(ou)g(exp)q(ect)i(to)e(comm)o -(unicate)f(with)h(an)o(y)g(8{bit)g(SCSI)g(devices,)i(do)e(not)h(use)g(SCSI)f -(target)324 245 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)i(ab)q(o)o(v)o(e)g(7,)g(as)h(these)h -(devices)g(whic)o(h)f(don't)f(implem)o(en)o(t)f(target)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f -(greater)324 295 y(than)h(7.)21 b(The)15 b(OFFLINE)g(k)o(eyw)o(ord)g(will)e -(set)j(the)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(bus)f(o\013)g(line.)20 b(That)15 -b(is)f(it)g(will)324 345 y(not)g(b)q(e)h(used)g(for)g(an)o(y)f(purp)q(ose)h -(un)o(til)f(a)g(v)n(alid)f(SCSI)h(target)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(has)g(again)f(b) -q(een)j(set)324 394 y(up)e(for)f(it.)199 480 y Fw(SET)21 b(TIMEZONE)g(hh:mm) -324 548 y FE(Set)14 b(the)g(curren)o(t)i(lo)q(cal)d(timezone)g(as)g(the)i(sp) -q(eci\014ed)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)g(decimal)f(hours)i(and)g(min-)324 -597 y(utes)g(di\013eren)o(t)f(from)e(Green)o(wic)o(h.)19 b(The)13 -b(v)n(alue)f(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h({12:00)e(and)g(12:00)g -(inclu-)324 647 y(siv)o(e.)17 b(Timezones)9 b(w)o(est)i(of)f(Green)o(wic)o(h) -h(are)f(negativ)o(e,)g(while)g(timezones)g(east)h(of)e(Green)o(wic)o(h)324 -697 y(are)j(p)q(ositiv)o(e.)17 b(The)c(v)n(alues)e({12:00)f(and)i(12:00)f -(are)h(the)h(same)e(time,)f(but)i(on)g(opp)q(osite)g(sides)324 -747 y(of)i(the)i(in)o(ternational)f(date)g(line,)g(and)g(th)o(us)h(di\013er)g -(b)o(y)f(1)g(da)o(y)m(.)21 b(F)m(or)15 b(example,)f(the)i(United)324 -797 y(States)g(eastern)g(timezone)f(w)o(ould)f(b)q(e)i({5:00)d(\(standard)j -(time)e(is)h(5)g(hours)g(and)g(0)g(min)o(utes)324 846 y(earlier)e(than)g -(Green)o(wic)o(h\).)18 b(Users)d(should)e(note)g(that)g(the)h(sign)f(of)f -(this)h(v)n(alue)g(di\013ers)h(from)324 896 y(the)g(equiv)n(alen)o(t)e(one)h -(used)i(in)d(TOPS{20)h(\(in)g(the)h(7{SETSPD)f(program)e(when)j(read)g(from) -324 946 y(the)g(7{CONFIG.CMD)f(\014le\).)0 1032 y Fw(SHOW)111 -b FE(Sho)o(w)14 b(v)n(arious)f(system)h(settings.)199 1099 -y Fw(SHOW)21 b(ADDRESS-BREAK)324 1167 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(the)g(con)o(ten)o -(ts)h(of)e(the)i(program)d(address)j(break)g(register.)199 -1253 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(AUXILIARY-PORT)324 1320 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 -b(the)g(curren)o(t)i(state)e(of)g(the)g(auxiliary)e(terminal)g(p)q(ort.)199 -1406 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(CAPACITY)324 1474 y FE(This)14 b(command)d(prin)o(ts)j -(the)g(capacit)o(y)g(of)f(all)f(or)i(selected)i(direct{access)g(devices.)j -(This)14 b(is)324 1523 y(similar)d(to)j(the)h(\\SHO)o(W)f(CONFIGURA)m(TION)g -(MASS{STORA)o(GE)g(...)k(/CAP)m(A)o(CITY")324 1573 y(command,)10 -b(except)16 b(that)e(it)f(includes)i(only)e(direct{access)j(devices.)324 -1641 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(CAPACITY)f(arguments)411 1709 y FE(The)12 -b(follo)o(wing)d(argumen)o(ts)i(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)k(used)f(to)g(include)f(a)g -(subset)i(of)e(the)i(mass{storage)411 1758 y(devices:)500 1862 -y(slot)g(bus)h(target{id)411 1965 y(The)f(\\slot")g(argumen)o(t)e(sp)q -(eci\014es)k(a)e(mass{storage)f(con)o(troller,)h(the)g(\\bus")g(argumen)o(t) -411 2015 y(sp)q(eci\014es)f(a)e(SCSI)g(bus,)h(and)f(the)h(\\id")e(argumen)o -(t)g(sp)q(eci\014es)j(a)e(SCSI)h(target)f(id)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)411 -2065 y(All)i(argumen)o(ts)g(are)h(in)f(decimal.)k(A)d(missing)e(argumen)o(t)g -(or)i(\\*")f(will)f(select)j(all)d(slots,)411 2115 y(buses,)k(or)e(ids)h -(corresp)q(onding)h(to)f(the)g(argumen)o(t.)199 2200 y Fw(SHOW)21 -b(CONFIGURATION)324 2268 y FE(Prin)o(t)e(the)g(dynamic)e(system)h -(con\014guration.)33 b(A)18 b(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(or)g(a)h(k)o(eyw)o -(ord)g(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)324 2318 y(en)o(tered.)324 2385 y Fw(SHOW)21 -b(CONFIGURATION)e(slot)411 2453 y FE(The)f(\\slot")f(argumen)o(t)g(is)h(a)f -(decimal)f(slot)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(\(0{15\))g(indicating)g(the)h(single)411 -2503 y(slot)c(for)g(whic)o(h)g(to)g(sho)o(w)h(the)f(con\014guration.)19 -b(Slot)14 b(0)g(refers)i(to)e(this)g(CPU.)g(The)h(slot)411 -2553 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)c(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(follo)o(w)o(ed)f(b)o(y)g(switc)o -(hes)i(appropriate)f(to)g(the)g(t)o(yp)q(e)h(of)e(device)i(in)e(that)411 -2603 y(slot.)p eop -%%Page: 545 59 -545 58 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.1.)31 b(MA)o(CR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)981 -b FE(545)474 195 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(CPU)561 263 -y FE(Sho)o(w)14 b(only)f(the)h(con\014guration)g(of)f(CPUs.)561 -330 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(CPU)i(arguments)627 398 -y FE(The)e(optional)e(decimal)g(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(argumen)o(t)f -(\(0{15\))h(indicates)g(a)g(sp)q(eci\014c)627 448 y(CPU)f(to)f(include)h(\(0) -f(is)h(a)f(synon)o(ym)f(for)h(this)g(CPU\).)h(A)f(missing)f(argumen)o(t)g(or) -627 498 y(\\*")e(will)g(include)h(all)f(CPUs)h(in)g(the)g(system.)561 -583 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(CPU)i(switches)627 651 y -FE(Switc)o(hes)15 b(should)f(b)q(e)g(en)o(tered)i(after)e(all)f(other)h -(argumen)o(ts.)627 719 y Fw(/LONG)677 786 y FE(Prin)o(t)g(a)g(detailed)g -(con\014guration.)627 872 y Fw(/SHORT)677 940 y FE(Prin)o(t)g(a)g(minim)n(um) -9 b(con\014guration.)474 1043 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(MASS-STORAGE)561 -1111 y FE(Sho)o(w)14 b(only)f(the)h(con\014guration)g(of)f(mass{storage)g -(con)o(trollers.)561 1178 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(MASS-STORAGE)g -(arguments)627 1246 y FE(The)f(follo)o(wing)c(argumen)o(ts)i(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i -(used)h(to)f(include)g(a)f(subset)i(of)f(the)g(mass{)627 1296 -y(storage)e(devices:)716 1399 y(slot)f(bus)g(target{id)627 -1503 y(The)h(\\slot")e(argumen)o(t)g(sp)q(eci\014es)j(a)e(mass{storage)g(con) -o(troller,)f(the)i(\\bus")f(argu-)627 1553 y(men)o(t)f(sp)q(eci\014es)i(a)e -(SCSI)g(bus,)h(and)f(the)h(\\id")e(argumen)o(t)g(sp)q(eci\014es)j(a)e(SCSI)g -(target)627 1602 y(id)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)17 b(All)11 b(argumen)o(ts)g(are)i -(in)e(decimal.)16 b(A)c(missing)e(argumen)o(t)h(or)h(\\*")f(will)627 -1652 y(select)16 b(all)c(slots,)i(buses,)g(or)g(ids)g(corresp)q(onding)h(to)f -(the)g(argumen)o(t.)561 1738 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(MASS-STORAGE)g -(switches)627 1805 y FE(Switc)o(hes)c(should)f(b)q(e)g(en)o(tered)i(after)e -(all)f(other)h(argumen)o(ts.)627 1873 y Fw(/CAPACITY)677 1941 -y FE(Prin)o(t)h(the)h(capacit)o(y)f(of)f(direct{access)k(devices.)23 -b(The)15 b(/LONG)g(switc)o(h)g(is)g(set)677 1991 y(implicitly)c(b)o(y)i(this) -h(switc)o(h.)627 2076 y Fw(/HOME-BLOCKS)677 2144 y FE(Prin)o(t)k(the)g(home)f -(blo)q(c)o(k)g(information)e(used)k(b)o(y)e(TDBo)q(ot)h(for)g(direct{access) -677 2194 y(devices.)h(The)c(/LONG)e(switc)o(h)h(is)g(set)h(implicitly)c(b)o -(y)i(this)h(switc)o(h.)627 2279 y Fw(/LONG)677 2347 y FE(Prin)o(t)g(a)g -(detailed)g(con\014guration.)627 2433 y Fw(/SHORT)677 2500 -y FE(Prin)o(t)g(a)g(minim)n(um)9 b(con\014guration.)474 2604 -y Fw(SHOW)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(MEMORY)p eop -%%Page: 546 60 -546 59 bop 0 50 a FE(546)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)411 195 y FE(Sho)o(w)g(only)f(the)h(con\014guration)g -(of)f(memory)e(mo)q(dules.)411 263 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(MEMORY)i -(arguments)477 330 y FE(The)e(optional)e(decimal)g(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g -(argumen)o(t)f(\(0{15\))h(indicates)g(a)g(sp)q(eci\014c)477 -380 y(MEMOR)m(Y)c(to)f(include.)18 b(A)c(missing)e(argumen)o(t)g(or)i(\\*")f -(will)f(include)h(all)g(memo-)477 430 y(ries)i(in)e(the)i(system.)411 -516 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(MEMORY)i(switches)477 583 -y FE(Switc)o(hes)15 b(should)f(b)q(e)g(en)o(tered)i(after)e(all)f(other)h -(argumen)o(ts.)477 651 y Fw(/LONG)527 719 y FE(Prin)o(t)g(a)g(detailed)g -(con\014guration.)477 804 y Fw(/SHORT)527 872 y FE(Prin)o(t)g(a)g(minim)n(um) -9 b(con\014guration.)324 975 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(NETWORK)411 -1043 y FE(Sho)o(w)14 b(only)f(the)h(con\014guration)g(of)f(net)o(w)o(ork)h -(con)o(trollers.)411 1111 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(NETWORK)h(arguments) -477 1178 y FE(The)15 b(follo)o(wing)c(argumen)o(ts)i(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)j(used)f -(to)g(include)g(a)g(subset)h(of)e(the)i(net)o(w)o(ork)477 1228 -y(p)q(orts:)566 1332 y(slot)f(p)q(ort)477 1435 y(The)h(\\slot")e(argumen)o(t) -g(sp)q(eci\014es)j(a)d(net)o(w)o(ork)i(con)o(troller,)e(and)h(the)h(\\p)q -(ort")e(argu-)477 1485 y(men)o(t)h(sp)q(eci\014es)j(a)e(net)o(w)o(ork)g(p)q -(ort.)22 b(A)15 b(missing)e(argumen)o(t)h(or)h(\\*")f(will)g(select)i(all)477 -1535 y(slots)e(or)g(p)q(orts)h(corresp)q(onding)g(to)e(the)i(argumen)o(t.)411 -1620 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(NETWORK)h(switches)477 -1688 y FE(Switc)o(hes)15 b(should)f(b)q(e)g(en)o(tered)i(after)e(all)f(other) -h(argumen)o(ts.)477 1756 y Fw(/LONG)527 1823 y FE(Prin)o(t)g(a)g(detailed)g -(con\014guration.)477 1909 y Fw(/SHORT)527 1977 y FE(Prin)o(t)g(a)g(minim)n -(um)9 b(con\014guration.)324 2080 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(SYSTEM)411 -2148 y FE(Sho)o(w)14 b(only)g(the)h(system)f(ID)h(and)f(options,)g(and)g(the) -h(bac)o(kplane)g(serial)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(and)411 2198 y(options.)324 -2283 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(CONFIGURATION)e(*)411 2351 y FE(Sho)o(w)14 -b(the)h(con\014guration)f(of)f(all)g(devices)j(in)e(the)h(system.)k(This)14 -b(is)g(the)h(default)f(if)f(no)411 2401 y(argumen)o(ts)g(are)h(sp)q -(eci\014ed)i(after)e(the)g(SHO)o(W)g(CONFURA)m(TION)g(command.)411 -2468 y Fw(/LONG)477 2536 y FE(Prin)o(t)g(a)g(detailed)g(con\014guration.)411 -2622 y Fw(/SHORT)p eop -%%Page: 547 61 -547 60 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.1.)31 b(MA)o(CR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)981 -b FE(547)627 195 y(Prin)o(t)14 b(a)g(minim)n(um)c(con\014guration.)349 -299 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS)474 366 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 -b(the)g(curren)o(t)i(D)o(A)m(YLIGHT{SA)-5 b(VINGS)13 b(setting.)349 -452 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(HOME-BLOCKS)474 519 y FE(This)11 b(command)d(prin)o(ts)j -(the)h(home)e(blo)q(c)o(ks)h(of)f(all)g(or)h(selected)i(direct{access)h -(devices.)k(This)474 569 y(is)h(similar)d(to)j(the)h(\\SHO)o(W)f(CONFIGURA)m -(TION)g(MASS{STORA)o(GE)g(...)33 b(/HOME{)474 619 y(BLOCKS")14 -b(command,)d(except)k(that)f(it)g(includes)g(only)f(direct{access)k(devices.) -474 687 y Fw(SHOW)k(HOME-BLOCKS)e(arguments)561 754 y FE(The)12 -b(follo)o(wing)d(argumen)o(ts)i(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)k(used)f(to)g(include)f(a)g -(subset)i(of)e(the)i(mass{storage)561 804 y(devices:)650 908 -y(slot)g(bus)h(target{id)561 1011 y(The)f(\\slot")g(argumen)o(t)e(sp)q -(eci\014es)k(a)e(mass{storage)f(con)o(troller,)h(the)g(\\bus")g(argumen)o(t) -561 1061 y(sp)q(eci\014es)f(a)e(SCSI)g(bus,)h(and)f(the)h(\\id")e(argumen)o -(t)g(sp)q(eci\014es)j(a)e(SCSI)h(target)f(id)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)561 -1111 y(All)i(argumen)o(ts)g(are)h(in)f(decimal.)k(A)d(missing)e(argumen)o(t)g -(or)i(\\*")f(will)f(select)j(all)d(slots,)561 1161 y(buses,)k(or)e(ids)h -(corresp)q(onding)h(to)f(the)g(argumen)o(t.)349 1246 y Fw(SHOW)21 -b(MEMORY-STATUS)e([slot])474 1314 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(all)f(or)h(selected)j -(memory)11 b(status.)20 b(The)15 b(optional)e(decimal)f(slot)j(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er)e(argumen)o(t)474 1364 y(\(0{15\))g(indicates)i(a)e(sp)q(eci\014c)j -(memory)c(con)o(troller)i(whose)g(status)h(should)f(b)q(e)h(prin)o(ted.)k(No) -474 1413 y(argumen)o(t)13 b(indicates)h(that)g(status)h(for)e(all)g(memory)e -(con)o(trollers)k(should)e(b)q(e)i(prin)o(ted.)k(The)474 1463 -y(prin)o(tout)g(includes)g(b)q(oth)g(the)g(status)h(and)f(error{summary)e -(registers.)35 b(Note:)28 b(reading)474 1513 y(the)17 b(error{summary)e -(register)j(clears)g(the)f(\\P)o(arit)o(y)f(Error)i(Detected")g(bit)e(in)h -(the)g(status)474 1563 y(register)e(and)f(releases)h(the)g(error{summary)d -(register)j(to)e(capture)i(another)g(error.)349 1648 y Fw(SHOW)21 -b(PAGE-FAIL)474 1716 y FE(Prin)o(t)16 b(the)h(data)f(sa)o(v)o(ed)g(b)o(y)h -(the)f(most)g(recen)o(t)h(page)g(fail\(s\))e(in)h(a)g(user)h(readable)g -(form.)23 b(If)474 1766 y(this)15 b(w)o(as)g(the)g(result)h(of)f(a)f -(recursiv)o(e)j(page)e(fail,)e(the)j(preceding)g(page)f(fail)e(information)f -(is)474 1816 y(also)f(prin)o(ted.)18 b(Be)13 b(careful)g(that)f(there)i(are)e -(no)g(in)o(terv)o(ening)g(page)h(fails)e(or)h(y)o(ou)g(will)e(not)j(get)474 -1866 y(the)h(results)h(y)o(ou)f(exp)q(ect.)474 1933 y Fw(SHOW)21 -b(PAGE-FAIL)f(CONSOLE)561 2001 y FE(Sho)o(w)e(page)f(fail)g(data)g(whic)o(h)h -(preceded)i(the)f(most)e(recen)o(t)i(recursiv)o(e)h(page)e(failure)561 -2051 y(whic)o(h)c(attempted)f(to)h(trap)g(via)f(the)i(console.)474 -2136 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(PAGE-FAIL)f(IO)561 2204 y FE(Sho)o(w)e(page)f(fail)g -(data)g(whic)o(h)h(preceded)i(the)f(most)e(recen)o(t)i(recursiv)o(e)h(page)e -(failure)561 2254 y(whic)o(h)c(attempted)f(to)h(trap)g(via)f(the)i(EPT.)474 -2339 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(PAGE-FAIL)f(LAST)561 2407 y FE(Sho)o(w)14 -b(page)f(fail)g(data)g(from)f(the)j(most)e(recen)o(t)i(page)f(fail.)474 -2493 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(PAGE-FAIL)f(ROM)561 2560 y FE(Sho)o(w)e(page)f(fail)g -(data)g(whic)o(h)h(preceded)i(the)f(most)e(recen)o(t)i(recursiv)o(e)h(page)e -(failure)561 2610 y(whic)o(h)c(attempted)f(to)h(trap)g(via)f(the)i(R)o(OM.)p -eop -%%Page: 548 62 -548 61 bop 0 50 a FE(548)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)199 195 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(POWER-STATUS)324 -263 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(the)g(curren)o(t)i(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)e(status.)199 -348 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(PROGRAM)324 416 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(information)d(asso)q -(ciated)j(with)g(the)g(curren)o(t)i(program)c(in)h(memory)m(.)324 -484 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(PROGRAM)f(ENTRY-VECTOR)411 551 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 -b(the)g(curren)o(t)i(program's)c(en)o(try{v)o(ector)j(lo)q(cation)e(and)h -(length.)324 637 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(PROGRAM)f(MEMORY-MAP)411 705 -y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(all)g(or)g(some)g(of)f(the)j(con)o(ten)o(ts)f(of)f(the)h -(curren)o(t)h(program's)d(memory)f(map.)18 b(By)411 754 y(default,)13 -b(all)g(executiv)o(e)i(pages)f(\(those)h(mapp)q(ed)e(via)g(the)h(EPT\))h -(will)d(b)q(e)j(prin)o(ted.)411 822 y Fw(/EXEC)477 890 y FE(Limit)20 -b(information)e(prin)o(tout)j(to)h(executiv)o(e)g(pages)g(\(those)g(mapp)q -(ed)f(via)f(the)477 940 y(EPT\).)411 1025 y Fw(/NOPAGE-INFO)477 -1093 y FE(Suppress)i(prin)o(tout)e(of)f(information)e(on)j(pages)g(in)f(eac)o -(h)i(section.)37 b(With)19 b(this)477 1143 y(switc)o(h,)14 -b(only)f(information)e(ab)q(out)j(sections)h(is)f(prin)o(ted.)411 -1228 y Fw(/SECTION:n)477 1296 y FE(Limit)e(prin)o(tout)i(to)g(the)h(sp)q -(eci\014ed)h(section.)k(The)14 b(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(an)g(o)q(ctal)g(section) -477 1346 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(\(0{7776\).)411 1431 y Fw(/USER)477 -1499 y FE(Limit)e(information)f(prin)o(tout)j(to)f(user)i(pages)g(\(those)f -(mapp)q(ed)f(via)g(the)i(UPT\).)324 1585 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(PROGRAM)f(PDVAS)411 -1652 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(the)g(curren)o(t)i(program's)c(program)g(data)i(v)o -(ector)g(addresses)i(\(PD)o(V)-5 b(As\).)199 1738 y Fw(SHOW)21 -b(SCSI-IDS)324 1805 y FE(Prin)o(t)16 b(the)i(dynamic)d(initiator)g(target)i -(ID)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(for)h(eac)o(h)g(SCSI)f(bus)i(on)e(eac)o(h)h(mass{)324 -1855 y(storage)d(con)o(troller)g(in)f(the)i(system.)199 1941 -y Fw(SHOW)21 b(STRUCTURE)f(str:)324 2009 y FE(Prin)o(t)c(information)e(ab)q -(out)i(the)h(units)f(in)g(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(structure.)27 -b(The)17 b(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(a)324 2058 y(1{6)d(c)o(haracter)i(structure)h -(name)d(follo)o(w)o(ed)f(b)o(y)i(a)f(colon)h(\(\\:"\).)199 -2144 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(TIMEZONE)324 2212 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(the)g(curren)o(t)i -(lo)q(cal)d(TIMEZONE)i(o\013set.)199 2297 y Fw(SHOW)21 b(VERSION)324 -2365 y FE(Prin)o(t)e(the)h(v)o(ersion)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(of)g(the)g(BOOT)i -(R)o(OM)e(program)f(and)h(the)h(curren)o(t)h(CPU)324 2415 y(micro)q(co)q(de.) -199 2500 y Fw(SHOW)g(ZONE-TABLE)f(slot)h(bus)g(target)g([lun])324 -2568 y FE(Prin)o(t)12 b(the)h(zone)g(table)g(for)f(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h -(disk)e(driv)o(e.)18 b(The)13 b(\014rst)g(argumen)o(t)e(is)i(the)g(decimal) -324 2618 y(slot)k(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(\(1{15\).)27 b(The)18 b(second)g(argumen) -o(t)f(is)g(the)h(bus)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(\(0{3\).)28 b(The)18 -b(third)p eop -%%Page: 549 63 -549 62 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.1.)31 b(MA)o(CR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)981 -b FE(549)474 195 y(arugmen)o(t)15 b(is)i(the)g(decimal)e(target)i(ID)g -(\(0{15\).)25 b(The)17 b(optional)f(fourth)g(argumen)o(t)g(is)g(the)474 -245 y(logical)c(unit)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(\(LUN,)g(0{7,)g(default)h(0\).)150 -330 y Fw(SHUTDOWN)349 398 y FE(Set)j(the)g(sh)o(utdo)o(wn)g(request)h(\015ag) -e(\(AP\045SHT\))h(in)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(\015ags)f(accessible)h(b)o(y)e -(RD)o(APR)349 448 y(and)j(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(the)g(program.)33 -b(A)19 b(program)f(can)h(use)h(this)g(to)f(receiv)o(e)h(sh)o(utdo)o(wn)g -(requests)h(b)o(y)349 498 y(enabling)13 b(an)h(in)o(terrupt)h(when)f(this)g -(bit)g(is)f(set)i(or)f(b)o(y)g(sampling)d(the)k(bit)e(p)q(erio)q(dically)m(.) -150 583 y Fw(S[TART])48 b FE(Set)15 b(the)g(program)e(coun)o(ter)i(and)g(con) -o(tin)o(ue)f(the)h(program.)j(The)d(optional)e(argumen)o(t)g(can)h(sp)q -(ecify)349 633 y(the)j(absolute)g(virtual)e(address)j(to)f(load)e(in)o(to)h -(the)h(PC)g(or)f(a)g(\\+")g(follo)o(w)o(ed)f(b)o(y)i(an)f(en)o(try{v)o(ector) -349 683 y(o\013set.)26 b(If)16 b(no)g(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(presen)o(t,)i(en)o -(try{v)o(ector)f(o\013set)g(0)f(is)g(used.)26 b(The)16 b(program)f(\015ags)h -(and)349 733 y(con)o(text)k(are)g(zero)q(ed)h(b)q(efore)f(starting,)g(whic)o -(h)f(starts)h(in)f(EXEC)h(mo)q(de.)33 b(If)19 b(y)o(ou)g(do)g(not)g(wish)349 -783 y(the)g(\015ags)e(and)h(con)o(text)g(to)g(b)q(e)g(zero)q(ed,)i(consider)e -(using)g(the)g(\\DEPOSIT)g(FLA)o(GS)f Fu(<)p FE(n)p Fu(>)p -FE(")h(and)349 832 y(\\CONTINUE)g Fu(<)p FE(p)q(c)p Fu(>)p -FE(")f(commands.)24 b(The)18 b(optional)d(switc)o(h)i(/DEBUG)f(will)g(set)h -(CF\045DBG)f(in)349 882 y(the)f(con)o(trol)g(\015ags)f(\(W)o(CTRLF/R)o -(CTRLF\),)e(and)i(can)h(b)q(e)g(used)h(to)e(tell)g(a)g(program)f(\(suc)o(h)j -(as)e(the)349 932 y(monitor\))e(to)i(run)g(in)g(debug)g(mo)q(de.)150 -1018 y Fw(TEST)111 b FE(P)o(erform)17 b(testing)i(of)f(sp)q(eci\014c)h(pro)q -(cessor)h(comp)q(onen)o(ts)e(and/or)g(devices.)32 b(A)18 b(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b) -q(er)f(or)h(a)349 1067 y(k)o(eyw)o(ord)c(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j(en)o(tered.)349 -1135 y Fw(TEST)21 b(slot)474 1203 y FE(The)d(\\slot")g(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(a)g -(decimal)f(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(\(0{15\))f(indicating)h(the)g(single)g -(slot)474 1253 y(to)d(test.)23 b(Slot)14 b(0)h(refers)h(to)f(this)h(CPU.)f -(The)g(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(ma)o(y)g(b)q(e)h(follo)o(w)o(ed)f(b)o(y)h -(switc)o(hes)474 1302 y(appropriate)f(to)f(the)i(t)o(yp)q(e)f(of)g(device)g -(in)g(that)g(slot.)349 1388 y Fw(TEST)21 b(BUS)474 1456 y FE(P)o(erform)13 -b(device)h(sp)q(eci\014c)i(tests)f(on)f(eac)o(h)g(slot)g(except)h(this)f -(CPU.)474 1523 y Fw(/REPEAT:n)561 1591 y FE(Rep)q(eat)g(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed) -g(tests.)20 b(The)14 b(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(times) -e(to)i(rep)q(eat.)349 1677 y Fw(TEST)21 b(CACHE)474 1744 y -FE(P)o(erform)13 b(the)h(cac)o(he)h(tests)g(on)f(this)g(CPU.)474 -1812 y Fw(/REPEAT:n)561 1880 y FE(Rep)q(eat)g(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(tests.) -20 b(The)14 b(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(times)e(to)i -(rep)q(eat.)349 1965 y Fw(TEST)21 b(CPU)474 2033 y FE(P)o(erform)13 -b(only)g(CPU)h(tests.)19 b(This)14 b(curren)o(tly)h(includes)f(the)h(cac)o -(he)g(and)e(pager)i(tests.)474 2101 y Fw(TEST)21 b(CPU)g(arguments)561 -2168 y FE(The)15 b(optional)d(decimal)h(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(argumen)o(t) -f(\(0{15\))g(indicates)i(a)f(sp)q(eci\014c)i(CPU)561 2218 y(to)g(test)h(\(0)e -(is)h(a)f(synon)o(ym)g(for)g(this)h(CPU\).)g(A)g(missing)e(argumen)o(t)h(or)g -(\\*")h(will)e(test)561 2268 y(all)f(CPUs)h(in)g(the)g(system.)474 -2353 y Fw(TEST)21 b(CPU)g(switches)561 2421 y FE(Switc)o(hes)15 -b(should)e(b)q(e)i(en)o(tered)g(after)g(all)d(other)j(argumen)o(ts.)561 -2489 y Fw(/REPEAT:n)627 2556 y FE(Rep)q(eat)c(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(tests.) -19 b(The)10 b(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(times)f(to)h -(rep)q(eat.)p eop -%%Page: 550 64 -550 63 bop 0 50 a FE(550)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)199 195 y Fw(TEST)21 b(INTERVAL-TIMER)324 -263 y FE(Run)14 b(the)h(in)o(terv)n(al)e(timer)g(at)i(v)n(arious)e(in)o(terv) -n(al)h(v)n(alues)g(and)g(compute)g(the)h(actual)f(in)o(terv)n(al)324 -313 y(using)c(RDTIME.)f(Prin)o(ts)i(the)g(in)o(terv)n(al)f(b)q(eing)g(tested) -i(follo)o(w)o(ed)d(b)o(y)i(the)g(mean)e(and)h(v)n(ariance)324 -362 y(for)j(that)h(in)o(terv)n(al.)324 430 y Fw(/INTERVAL:n)411 -498 y FE(Select)f(a)f(sp)q(eci\014c)h(in)o(terv)n(al)e(to)h(test.)19 -b(The)12 b(argumen)o(t)f(sp)q(eci\014es)j(the)e(in)o(terv)n(al)f(from)g(256) -411 548 y(to)j(32768)e(microseconds.)18 b(It)c(will)f(b)q(e)h(rounded)h(to)f -(the)g(nearest)h(m)o(ultiple)d(of)h(128.)324 633 y Fw(/LOOP-ON-ERROR)411 -701 y FE(Con)o(tin)o(ue)h(testing)g(after)g(prin)o(ting)f(an)h(error.)324 -786 y Fw(/QUIET)411 854 y FE(Suppress)i(informational)11 b(output)j(during)g -(testing.)20 b(Y)m(ou)14 b(will)f(still)g(get)i(output)g(if)e(an)411 -904 y(error)i(o)q(ccurs.)324 989 y Fw(/SAMPLES:n)411 1057 y -FE(The)g(argumen)o(t)e(sp)q(eci\014es)k(the)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(samples) -g(to)g(tak)o(e)h(b)q(efore)g(computing)e(a)o(v-)411 1107 y(erage)h(and)g(v)n -(ariance.)k(The)c(default)g(v)n(alue)f(is)h(100.)199 1193 y -Fw(TEST)21 b(MASS-STORAGE)324 1260 y FE(P)o(erform)e(the)h(mass{storage)f -(con)o(troller)h(tests)i(on)d(all)g(or)h(selected)i(mass{storage)d(con-)324 -1310 y(trollers)14 b(and)g(SCSI)g(devices.)324 1378 y Fw(TEST)21 -b(MASS-STORAGE)e(arguments)411 1445 y FE(The)14 b(follo)o(wing)e(argumen)o -(ts)h(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)j(used)g(to)f(select)h(a)f(subset)i(of)d(the)i -(mass{storage)411 1495 y(devices:)500 1599 y(slot)e(bus)h(target{id)g(unit) -411 1702 y(The)f(\\slot")g(argumen)o(t)e(sp)q(eci\014es)k(a)e(mass{storage)f -(con)o(troller,)h(the)g(\\bus")g(argumen)o(t)411 1752 y(sp)q(eci\014es)18 -b(a)f(SCSI)g(bus,)g(the)g(\\id")f(argumen)o(t)f(sp)q(eci\014es)k(a)d(SCSI)h -(target)g(id)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)411 1802 y(and)i(the)h(\\unit")f(argumen)o(t) -f(sp)q(eci\014es)j(a)e(SCSI)h(logical)d(unit)j(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)30 -b(A)19 b(missing)411 1852 y(argumen)o(t)12 b(or)h(\\*")g(will)e(select)k(all) -d(slots,)h(buses,)h(ids,)f(or)g(units)g(corresp)q(onding)h(to)f(the)411 -1901 y(argumen)o(t.)324 1987 y Fw(TEST)21 b(MASS-STORAGE)e(switches)411 -2055 y FE(Switc)o(hes)c(should)e(b)q(e)i(en)o(tered)g(after)g(all)d(other)j -(argumen)o(ts.)411 2122 y Fw(/BYTE-OFFSET:n)477 2190 y FE(Sp)q(ecify)f(the)h -(b)o(yte)f(o\013set)g(to)g(use)h(for)e(data)g(transfers.)20 -b(This)13 b(can)h(b)q(e)h(used)f(to)g(test)477 2240 y(transfers)g(whic)o(h)f -(end)g(in)f(the)i(middle)d(of)h(a)g(w)o(ord.)18 b(\(Byte{o\013set)c(is)f -(e\013ectiv)o(e)h(only)477 2290 y(during)g(tests)h(of)f(the)g -(industry{compatible)e(data)i(format.\))411 2375 y Fw(/COMPARE)477 -2443 y FE(During)g(data)f(tests,)i(do)f(write,)f(read,)h(and)g(compare.)411 -2528 y Fw(/CORE-DUMP)477 2596 y FE(T)m(est)h(core)f(dump)f(\(40{bit\))g(data) -h(format.)p eop -%%Page: 551 65 -551 64 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.1.)31 b(MA)o(CR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)981 -b FE(551)561 195 y Fw(/DEVICE-BUFFERS)627 263 y FE(T)m(est)17 -b(the)g(SCSI)g(BUS.)f(This)g(consists)i(of)e(a)g(WRITE)f(BUFFER)i(follo)o(w)o -(ed)e(b)o(y)h(a)627 313 y(READ)e(BUFFER)g(and)g(v)o(erify)f(to)h(eac)o(h)g -(selected)i(SCSI)d(device)i(whic)o(h)f(supp)q(orts)627 362 -y(these)i(commands.)561 448 y Fw(/DRAM)627 516 y FE(T)m(est)i(mass{storage)f -(con)o(troller)g(DRAM)g(\(in)o(ternal)g(bu\013er)i(memory\).)26 -b(Data)17 b(is)627 565 y(written)i(from)e(system)h(memory)e(in)o(to)h(the)i -(DRAM)f(and)g(then)h(read)g(bac)o(k)f(and)627 615 y(compared.)24 -b(If)15 b(none)h(of)f(/DEVICE{BUFFERS,)h(/DRAM,)f(/MEDIA{TEST,)627 -665 y(/TIMING,)k(or)g(/VERIFY)g(are)h(sp)q(eci\014ed,)i(then)e -(/DEVICE{BUFFERS)g(and)627 715 y(/DRAM)13 b(are)i(the)f(default.)561 -800 y Fw(/ENDING-OFFSET:n)627 868 y FE(Sp)q(ecify)j(the)h(ending)e(w)o(ord)h -(o\013set)g(to)g(use)g(for)g(data)f(transfers.)28 b(The)17 -b(argumen)o(t)627 918 y(is)e(the)h(o\013set)g(bac)o(kw)o(ard)f(from)f(the)i -(end)f(of)g(the)h(cac)o(he)g(line)f(of)f(the)i(last)f(w)o(ord)g(to)627 -968 y(transfer)k(\(e.g.,)e(/ENDING{OFFSET:7)f(w)o(ould)h(transfer)h(only)e -(the)i(\014rst)g(w)o(ord)627 1018 y(of)g(the)g(cac)o(he)h(line)e(at)h(the)h -(end)f(of)f(the)i(transfer\).)31 b(This)18 b(can)g(b)q(e)g(used)h(to)f(test) -627 1067 y(transfers)e(whic)o(h)d(end)i(in)e(the)i(middle)d(of)h(a)h(cac)o -(he)g(line.)561 1153 y Fw(/FLOATING-ZEROS)627 1221 y FE(T)m(est)h(using)e(a)h -(\015oating{zeros)g(data)f(pattern.)561 1306 y Fw(/FLOATING-ONES)627 -1374 y FE(T)m(est)i(using)e(a)h(\015oating{ones)f(data)h(pattern.)561 -1459 y Fw(/FONES)627 1527 y FE(T)m(est)h(using)e(a)h(\015oating{ones)f(data)h -(pattern.)561 1613 y Fw(/FZEROS)627 1680 y FE(T)m(est)h(using)e(a)h -(\015oating{zeros)g(data)f(pattern.)561 1766 y Fw(/HIGH-DENSITY)627 -1834 y FE(T)m(est)i(high{densit)o(y)e(\(36{bit\))g(data)h(format.)561 -1919 y Fw(/INDUSTRY-COMPATI)o(BLE)627 1987 y FE(T)m(est)h -(industry{compatible)d(\(32{bit\))h(data)h(format.)561 2072 -y Fw(/JOHNSON-COUNTER)627 2140 y FE(T)m(est)h(using)e(a)h(Johnson)g(coun)o -(ter)h(data)f(pattern.)561 2226 y Fw(/MEDIA-TEST)627 2293 y -FE(T)m(est)j(the)f(medium)d(on)j(the)h(SCSI)f(device)g(b)o(y)g(reading)g(eac) -o(h)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(in)o(to)f(system)627 2343 y(memory)m(.)g(F)m(or)f -(direct{access)i(devices)f(\(disks\),)f(the)h(en)o(tire)f(medium)d(is)j -(read.)561 2429 y Fw(/NOCOMPARE)627 2496 y FE(During)g(data)f(tests,)i(do)f -(write)g(and)g(read,)f(but)i(no)e(compare.)561 2582 y Fw(/NOLONG-TRANSFERS)p -eop -%%Page: 552 66 -552 65 bop 0 50 a FE(552)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)477 195 y FE(Do)i(not)h(use)g(long)f(transfers)i -(during)e(media)f(test.)28 b(This)16 b(switc)o(h)h(is)g(meaningful)477 -245 y(only)c(in)h(conjunction)g(with)f(the)i(/MEDIA{TEST)f(switc)o(h.)411 -330 y Fw(/ONES)477 398 y FE(T)m(est)h(using)e(a)h(data)f(pattern)i(of)e(all)g -(ones.)411 484 y Fw(/REPEAT:n)477 551 y FE(Rep)q(eat)e(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g -(tests.)19 b(The)10 b(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(times)f -(to)h(rep)q(eat.)411 637 y Fw(/RETRIES:n)477 705 y FE(Retry)21 -b(after)g(errors)g(when)g(establishing)f(the)h(comm)o(unications)c(region.)38 -b(The)477 754 y(argumen)o(t)13 b(is)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(times)g -(to)g(retry)i(b)q(efore)g(giving)d(up.)411 840 y Fw(/RONLY)477 -908 y FE(During)i(data)f(tests,)i(do)f(read,)g(but)g(no)f(write)i(or)e -(compare.)411 993 y Fw(/STARTING-OFFSET:)o(n)477 1061 y FE(Sp)q(ecify)f(the)g -(starting)g(w)o(ord)f(o\013set)i(to)e(use)i(for)e(data)g(transfers.)19 -b(The)12 b(argumen)o(t)e(is)477 1111 y(the)j(o\013set)g(forw)o(ard)f(from)e -(the)j(b)q(eginning)f(of)f(the)i(cac)o(he)g(line)f(of)f(the)i(\014rst)g(w)o -(ord)f(to)477 1161 y(transfer)19 b(\(e.g.,)e(/BEGINNING{OFFSET:7)g(w)o(ould)f -(b)q(egin)h(the)h(transfer)g(with)477 1210 y(the)d(last)e(w)o(ord)h(of)f(the) -i(cac)o(he)g(line\).)i(This)d(can)g(b)q(e)h(used)f(to)g(test)h(transfers)g -(whic)o(h)477 1260 y(start)g(in)e(the)i(middle)d(of)h(a)h(cac)o(he)h(line.) -411 1346 y Fw(/TIMING)477 1413 y FE(T)m(est)g(v)n(arious)e(timing)e -(parameters)j(of)g(selected)h(SCSI)f(devices.)411 1499 y Fw(/VERIFY)477 -1567 y FE(T)m(est)h(the)g(medium)d(on)i(the)h(SCSI)f(device)h(b)o(y)g -(issuing)f(the)g(SCSI)h(VERIFY)f(com-)477 1617 y(mand.)j(Since)d(not)f(all)f -(devices)i(supp)q(ort)h(this)e(command,)d(it)j(ma)o(y)f(fail.)k(If)d(so,)g -(use)477 1666 y(the)h(/MEDIA{TEST)e(option,)g(whic)o(h)h(will)e(read)i(eac)o -(h)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(in)o(to)f(memory)m(.)i(F)m(or)477 1716 y(direct{access)j -(devices)e(\(disks\),)f(the)g(en)o(tire)h(medium)c(is)j(read.)411 -1802 y Fw(/WONLY)477 1869 y FE(During)g(data)f(tests,)i(do)f(write,)f(but)h -(no)g(read)h(or)e(compare.)411 1955 y Fw(/ZEROS)477 2023 y -FE(T)m(est)i(using)e(a)h(data)f(pattern)i(of)e(all)g(zeros.)199 -2126 y Fw(TEST)21 b(MEMORY)324 2194 y FE(T)m(est)14 b(system)g(memories.)324 -2261 y Fw(TEST)21 b(MEMORY)f(arguments)411 2329 y FE(The)13 -b(optional)f(decimal)f(slot)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(argumen)o(t)f(\(0{15\))g -(indicates)h(a)g(sp)q(eci\014c)i(mem-)411 2379 y(ory)f(to)f(test.)20 -b(A)14 b(missing)e(argumen)o(t)g(or)i(\\*")f(will)g(test)i(all)d(memories)g -(in)i(the)g(system.)324 2464 y Fw(TEST)21 b(MEMORY)f(switches)411 -2532 y FE(Switc)o(hes)15 b(should)e(b)q(e)i(en)o(tered)g(after)g(all)d(other) -j(argumen)o(ts.)411 2600 y Fw(/ADDRESS)p eop -%%Page: 553 67 -553 66 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.1.)31 b(MA)o(CR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)981 -b FE(553)627 195 y(Select)17 b(the)f(memory)c(address)17 b(test.)23 -b(If)15 b(no)g(memory)e(tests)k(are)e(selected,)i(all)e(are)627 -245 y(p)q(erformed.)24 b(An)17 b(\\A")e(is)h(prin)o(ted)g(to)g(indicate)g -(that)g(the)h(address)g(test)g(is)f(b)q(eing)627 295 y(initialized.)g(During) -10 b(initialization,)f(eac)o(h)j(w)o(ord)f(is)g(written)g(with)g(its)g(bus)h -(address)627 345 y(w)o(ord)g(\(BA)-5 b(W\).)12 b(An)g(\\a")f(is)g(prin)o(ted) -h(to)g(indicate)g(that)f(the)i(address{test)h(compare)627 394 -y(has)d(started.)18 b(Eac)o(h)11 b(w)o(ord)f(of)f(memory)f(is)i(c)o(hec)o(k)o -(ed)i(to)e(v)o(erify)g(that)h(it)f(still)f(con)o(tains)627 -444 y(the)15 b(correct)g(data.)561 530 y Fw(/COMBINED)627 597 -y FE(Select)d(the)g(com)o(bined)d(memory)g(tests.)18 b(If)11 -b(no)f(memory)f(tests)j(are)f(selected,)i(all)d(are)627 647 -y(p)q(erformed.)21 b(A)15 b(\\C")f(is)h(prin)o(ted)g(to)g(indicate)f(com)o -(bined)g(testing)h(is)g(in)f(progress.)627 697 y(A)g(sequence)h(of)d(data)h -(patterns)i(and)d(addresses)k(is)d(used)h(whic)o(h)f(will)e(exercise)k(the) -627 747 y(cac)o(he)g(re\014ll,)e(writebac)o(k,)h(and)g(\015ush)g(op)q -(erations.)561 832 y Fw(/DATA)627 900 y FE(Select)20 b(the)g(memory)d(data)h -(test.)35 b(If)19 b(no)f(memory)f(tests)k(are)e(selected,)j(all)c(are)627 -950 y(p)q(erformed.)24 b(A)17 b(\\D")e(is)h(prin)o(ted)g(to)g(indicate)g -(that)g(the)g(data)g(test)h(is)f(b)q(eing)g(ini-)627 1000 y(tialized.)23 -b(During)15 b(initialization,)e(eac)o(h)j(w)o(ord)f(is)h(written)g(with)f -(the)h(negativ)o(e)g(of)627 1050 y(its)d(bus)g(address)h(w)o(ord)e(\(BA)-5 -b(W\))14 b(min)o(us)d(t)o(w)o(o.)17 b(A)12 b(\\d")h(is)f(prin)o(ted)h(to)f -(indicate)h(that)627 1099 y(the)k(data{test)f(compare)g(has)g(started.)25 -b(Eac)o(h)16 b(w)o(ord)g(of)g(memory)d(is)j(c)o(hec)o(k)o(ed)h(to)627 -1149 y(v)o(erify)d(that)g(it)f(still)g(con)o(tains)h(the)h(correct)g(data.) -561 1235 y Fw(/NOCACHING)627 1302 y FE(Disable)d(use)h(of)e(the)i(cac)o(he)g -(to)f(accelerate)i(the)e(op)q(eration.)18 b(This)12 b(will)e(force)j(direct) -627 1352 y(memory)e(accesses)k(ev)o(en)e(though)g(they)g(are)g(slo)o(w)o(er.) -18 b(Use)13 b(this)g(if)f(y)o(ou)g(think)h(there)627 1402 y(are)18 -b(problems)e(with)h(the)g(cac)o(he.)29 b(Cac)o(hing)17 b(will)e -(automatically)f(b)q(e)k(disabled)f(if)627 1452 y(the)c(CA)o(CHE{TEST)g -(startup)g(parameter)g(is)f(disabled,)g(or)g(if)g(there)i(w)o(ere)f(initial-) -627 1502 y(ization)i(errors.)22 b(Since)16 b(using)e(the)i(cac)o(he)g -(requires)g(using)f(the)g(pager,)g(cac)o(hing)g(is)627 1551 -y(implicitly)g(disabled)j(if)g(paging)f(is)h(disabled)g(\(P)m(A)o(GER{TEST)f -(is)h(disabled,)h(or)627 1601 y(/NOP)m(A)o(GING)13 b(w)o(as)h(sp)q -(eci\014ed\).)561 1687 y Fw(/NOPAGING)627 1755 y FE(Disable)g(use)h(of)e -(paging)h(to)g(accelerate)h(the)g(op)q(eration.)k(This)14 b(will)f(force)h -(the)h(use)627 1804 y(of)j(PMO)o(VEM)g(ev)o(en)h(though)e(it)h(is)f(slo)o(w)o -(er.)30 b(Use)19 b(this)f(if)f(y)o(ou)g(think)g(there)j(are)627 -1854 y(problems)e(with)g(the)i(pager.)32 b(P)o(aging)18 b(will)f -(automatically)f(b)q(e)j(disabled)f(if)g(the)627 1904 y(P)m(A)o(GER{TEST)c -(startup)i(parameter)f(is)g(disabled,)f(or)h(if)f(there)i(w)o(ere)g -(initializa-)627 1954 y(tion)j(errors.)34 b(Since)19 b(using)g(the)g(cac)o -(he)h(requires)g(using)e(the)i(pager,)f(cac)o(hing)g(is)627 -2004 y(implicitly)11 b(disabled)j(if)f(paging)f(is)i(disabled.)561 -2089 y Fw(/PROCEED-ON-ERROR)627 2157 y FE(Causes)f(the)g(memory)d(test)j(to)f -(pro)q(ceed)i(despite)f(errors.)19 b(Errors)13 b(will)e(con)o(tin)o(ue)h(to) -627 2207 y(b)q(e)j(prin)o(ted,)f(and)f(a)h(failing)e(memory)f(will)h(not)i(b) -q(e)h(tak)o(en)f(o\013)g(line.)561 2292 y Fw(/REPEAT:n)627 -2360 y FE(Rep)q(eat)d(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(tests.)19 b(The)10 -b(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(times)f(to)h(rep)q(eat.)561 -2445 y Fw(/R[EADONLY])627 2513 y FE(P)o(erform)k(a)h(READONL)m(Y)g(memory)d -(test.)22 b(This)15 b(test)h(is)f(p)q(erformed)g(b)q(efore)g(an)o(y)627 -2563 y(others)k(to)f(a)o(v)o(oid)e(c)o(hanging)h(the)h(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e -(memory)m(.)27 b(A)18 b(\\R")e(is)i(prin)o(ted)g(to)627 2613 -y(indicate)h(readonly)f(testing)g(is)h(in)e(progress.)33 b(Eac)o(h)19 -b(w)o(ord)f(of)f(memory)f(is)i(read)p eop -%%Page: 554 68 -554 67 bop 0 50 a FE(554)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)477 195 y FE(to)h(determine)g(if)f(it)h(has)g(go)q(o)q -(d)f(parit)o(y)m(.)21 b(This)14 b(test)i(mak)o(es)e(use)i(of)e(the)i(pager)f -(and)477 245 y(cac)o(he)f(to)f(accelerate)h(op)q(eration.)k(See)c(the)f(/NOP) -m(A)o(GING)f(and)h(/NOCA)o(CHING)477 295 y(switc)o(hes)i(for)f(more)f -(information.)411 380 y Fw(/STATIC)477 448 y FE(Select)18 b(the)f(static)g -(memory)d(tests.)28 b(If)16 b(no)g(memory)e(tests)19 b(are)e(selected,)h(all) -e(are)477 498 y(p)q(erformed.)h(An)10 b(\\S")g(is)g(prin)o(ted)h(to)f -(indicate)g(static)g(testing)h(is)f(in)g(progress.)18 b(Eac)o(h)477 -548 y(static)10 b(test)h(is)f(p)q(erformed)f(on)h(a)f(cac)o(he)i(line)e(in)h -(memory)m(.)j(Data)c(patters)i(of)e(all)g(ones,)477 597 y(all)j(zeros,)i(a)f -(\015oating{one,)f(and)h(a)f(\015oating{zero)h(are)h(written)f(and)g -(compared)f(in)477 647 y(eac)o(h)17 b(w)o(ord)f(of)f(the)i(line.)23 -b(Cac)o(he)17 b(line)e(addresses)j(of)e(all)e(zeros)j(and)f(all)f(ones)i(are) -477 697 y(p)q(erformed)f(\014rst.)25 b(This)16 b(is)f(follo)o(w)o(ed)g(b)o(y) -g(writing)h(and)f(detecting)i(bad)f(parit)o(y)f(in)477 747 -y(cac)o(he)j(line)e(zero.)28 b(Finally)m(,)15 b(cac)o(he)j(line)e(addresses)j -(\014rst)f(of)e(a)g(\015oating{one)g(and)477 797 y(then)f(of)e(a)h -(\015oating{zero)f(are)i(tested.)199 900 y Fw(TEST)21 b(NETWORK)324 -968 y FE(P)o(erform)13 b(diagnostic)g(tests)i(on)f(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i -(net)o(w)o(ork)e(con)o(trollers.)324 1035 y Fw(TEST)21 b(NETWORK)f(arguments) -411 1103 y FE(The)14 b(follo)o(wing)e(argumen)o(ts)h(ma)o(y)f(b)q(e)i(used)h -(to)f(test)h(a)e(subset)i(of)f(the)g(net)o(w)o(ork)g(p)q(orts:)500 -1207 y(slot)f(p)q(ort)411 1310 y(The)g(\\slot")f(argumen)o(t)g(sp)q -(eci\014es)j(a)d(net)o(w)o(ork)i(con)o(troller,)e(and)h(the)g(\\p)q(ort")g -(argumen)o(t)411 1360 y(sp)q(eci\014es)18 b(a)f(net)o(w)o(ork)g(p)q(ort.)26 -b(A)17 b(missing)e(argumen)o(t)g(or)i(\\*")f(will)f(select)j(all)d(slots)i -(or)411 1410 y(p)q(orts)e(corresp)q(onding)f(to)g(the)h(argumen)o(t.)324 -1495 y Fw(TEST)21 b(NETWORK)f(switches)411 1563 y FE(Switc)o(hes)15 -b(should)e(b)q(e)i(en)o(tered)g(after)g(all)d(other)j(argumen)o(ts.)411 -1631 y Fw(/REPEAT:n)477 1698 y FE(Rep)q(eat)c(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(tests.) -19 b(The)10 b(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(the)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(of)h(times)f(to)h -(rep)q(eat.)411 1784 y Fw(/TIMING)477 1852 y FE(Measure)16 -b(the)e(amoun)o(t)e(of)h(time)g(it)g(tak)o(es)i(to)f(reset)h(the)g(net)o(w)o -(ork)f(con)o(troller.)199 1955 y Fw(TEST)21 b(PAGER)324 2023 -y FE(T)m(est)14 b(this)g(CPU's)g(pager.)324 2090 y Fw(/REPEAT:n)411 -2158 y FE(Rep)q(eat)g(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(tests.)20 b(The)14 -b(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(times)e(to)i(rep)q(eat.)199 -2244 y Fw(TEST)21 b(POWER-FAIL)324 2311 y FE(Lo)q(op)13 b(c)o(hec)o(king)h(p) -q(o)o(w)o(er)h(status)f(and)g(rep)q(orting)g(c)o(hanges.)19 -b(T)o(yp)q(e)14 b(^C)g(to)g(terminate.)199 2397 y Fw(TEST)21 -b(TIME-BASE)324 2464 y FE(Chec)o(k)15 b(RDTIME)f(timebase)h(for)f -(monotonicit)o(y)e(and)j(no)f(large)h(c)o(hanges.)21 b(Prin)o(ts)15 -b(elapsed)324 2514 y(time)d(appro)o(ximately)g(ev)o(ery)i(3)g(seconds.)324 -2582 y Fw(/LOOP-ON-ERROR)p eop -%%Page: 555 69 -555 68 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.2.)31 b(MICR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)996 -b FE(555)561 195 y(Con)o(tin)o(ue)14 b(testing)g(after)g(prin)o(ting)f(an)h -(error.)474 281 y Fw(/QUIET)561 348 y FE(Suppress)i(informational)11 -b(output)j(during)g(testing.)20 b(Y)m(ou)14 b(will)f(still)g(get)i(output)g -(if)e(an)561 398 y(error)i(o)q(ccurs.)349 484 y Fw(TEST)21 -b(*)474 551 y FE(T)m(est)13 b(this)g(CPU)g(and)g(eac)o(h)g(other)h(system)e -(slot.)18 b(This)12 b(is)h(the)g(default)g(if)f(no)g(argumen)o(ts)h(are)474 -601 y(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(after)f(the)h(TEST)f(command.)474 669 -y Fw(/REPEAT:n)561 737 y FE(Rep)q(eat)g(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(tests.)20 -b(The)14 b(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(times)e(to)i(rep)q -(eat.)150 840 y Fw(UNLOAD)21 b(scsi-device-spe)o(cifie)o(r)349 -908 y FE(Unload)10 b(the)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(SCSI)e(device)h(\(usually)f(a)g -(tap)q(e)h(or)f(other)h(remo)o(v)n(able)e(medium\).)14 b(The)d(device)349 -958 y(is)j(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(using)f(one)g(of)f(the)i(follo)o(wing)c(formats:) -412 1058 y Fw(#)21 b(slot)g(bus)g(target)g([unit])70 b FE(T)m(o)13 -b(sp)q(ecify)i(an)e(explicit)h(SCSI)g(nexus)412 1126 y Fw(MTAnnn:)440 -b FE(T)m(o)17 b(sp)q(ecify)g(a)g(SCSI)g(tap)q(e)h(b)o(y)f(its)g(sequen)o -(tial)1006 1176 y(nexus)e(p)q(osition)412 1243 y Fw(channel,)20 -b(controller,)f(unit)49 b FE(Op)q(erating)14 b(system)g(tap)q(e)h(sp)q -(eci\014er)150 1363 y Fw(VDIRECTORY)20 b([path])349 1431 y -FE(This)c(is)f(a)g(shorthand)h(for)f(the)h(\\DIRECTOR)m(Y)e(args)i(/LONG")f -(command.)20 b(See)c(the)g(\\DIREC-)349 1480 y(TOR)m(Y")d(command)e(for)j(a)g -(full)e(description)j(of)e(the)i(argumen)o(ts.)150 1653 y Fv(E.2)69 -b(Micro{console)22 b(comm)n(ands)150 1780 y FE(A)15 b(command)d(b)q(eginning) -j(with)g(a)f(\\.")22 b(is)15 b(actually)f(pro)q(cessed)j(b)o(y)e(the)h -(micro{console.)k(Help)15 b(for)g(the)h(micro{)150 1830 y(console)f(commands) -d(is)j(pro)o(vided)g(here)g(as)g(a)g(con)o(v)o(enience)h(to)e(the)i(user.)21 -b(Micro{console)15 b(commands)d(consist)150 1880 y(of)i(the)h(initial)e(\\.") -19 b(follo)o(w)o(ed)13 b(b)o(y)h(one)h(or)g(more)e(letters)j(and)e(a)h(v)n -(ariable)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)h(of)g(n)o(umeric)g(argumen)o(ts.)19 -b(All)p eop -%%Page: 556 70 -556 69 bop 0 50 a FE(556)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)0 195 y FE(n)o(umeric)f(argumen)o(ts)g(are)i(in)e(o)q -(ctal.)18 b(The)c(follo)o(wing)d(is)j(a)g(summary)d(of)i(the)i(a)o(v)n -(ailable)c(commands:)100 314 y(Comma)o(nd)187 b(Description)100 -413 y Fw(.B)21 b(offset)179 b FE(Start)15 b(TDBo)q(ot)100 463 -y Fw(.C)332 b FE(Con)o(tin)o(ue)14 b(program)100 513 y Fw(.D)21 -b(l)h([adr])e(data)49 b FE(Dep)q(osit)14 b(things)100 563 y -Fw(.E)21 b([l)g([adr]])114 b FE(Examine)13 b(things)100 613 -y Fw(.H)332 b FE(Halt)14 b(program)100 662 y Fw(.I)332 b FE(Initialize)13 -b(micro)q(co)q(de)100 712 y Fw(.M)332 b FE(Enable)14 b(macro{console)100 -762 y Fw(.R)21 b(cnt)g(cmd)158 b FE(Rep)q(eat)15 b(command)100 -812 y Fw(.S)21 b(adr)245 b FE(Start)15 b(program)100 862 y -Fw(.T)21 b(l)h([args])135 b FE(T)m(est)15 b(things)100 911 -y Fw(.U)332 b FE(Disable)14 b(macro{console)100 961 y Fw(.V)332 -b FE(T)o(yp)q(e)15 b(v)o(ersion)100 1011 y Fw(.W)21 b(data)223 -b FE(W)m(rite)14 b(con)o(trol)f(\015ags)0 1113 y Fw(.B)155 -b FE(Start)14 b(TDBo)q(ot)g(as)g(a)g(normal)e(program.)k(The)e(TDBo)q(ot)g -(co)q(de)h(runs)f(out)g(of)g(R)o(OM)f(and)h(parses)h(its)199 -1162 y(o)o(wn)d(commands.)j(When)d(running)g(in)g(this)g(mo)q(de,)f -(micro{console)f(commands)g(are)j(not)f(a)o(v)n(ailable.)199 -1212 y(T)m(o)d(get)h(to)g(the)g(micro{console,)f(t)o(yp)q(e)h(con)o(trol{bac) -o(kslash)f(\(^)p FC(n)p FE(\).)16 b(T)m(erminate)9 b(this)g(mo)q(de)g(of)g -(TDBo)q(ot)199 1262 y(b)o(y)14 b(t)o(yping)f(\\EXIT")h(or)g(con)o(trol{Z)f -(\(^Z\).)0 1348 y Fw(.C)155 b FE(Con)o(tin)o(ue)14 b(the)h(curren)o(t)h -(program)d(if)h(the)h(PC)f(is)h(v)n(alid.)j(After)d(this)f(command,)e(the)j -(program)d(will)199 1397 y(run)i(un)o(til)f(it)h(executes)i(a)e(HAL)m(T)f -(instruction)h(or)g(is)g(halted)g(b)o(y)g(a)f(console)h(command.)0 -1483 y Fw(.D)155 b FE(Dep)q(osit)12 b(things)f(in)g(v)n(arious)f(parts)i(of)f -(the)h(mac)o(hine.)j(The)d(next)g(letter)g(sp)q(eci\014es)h(where)g(to)e(dep) -q(osit.)199 1533 y(The)18 b(last)e(letter)i(used)g(is)e(remem)o(b)q(ered)h -(and)f(is)h(used)h(as)f(the)g(default)f(thing)h(to)f(examine)g(in)g(the)199 -1583 y(next)f(\\.E")e(command.)i(The)f(follo)o(wing)e(is)h(a)h(summary)d(of)j -(the)g(dep)q(osit)g(commands:)299 1683 y(Command)208 b(Description)299 -1783 y Fw(.D)21 b(A)h(adr)f(data)114 b FE(Dep)q(osit)14 b(MemA)299 -1833 y Fw(.D)21 b(D)h(baw)f(data)114 b FE(Dep)q(osit)14 b(device{con)o(trol) -299 1883 y Fw(.D)21 b(F)h(data)201 b FE(Dep)q(osit)14 b(\015ags)g(and)g(con)o -(text)299 1932 y Fw(.D)21 b(I)h(data)201 b FE(Dep)q(osit)14 -b(PIR)299 1982 y Fw(.D)21 b(M)h(baw)f(data)114 b FE(Dep)q(osit)14 -b(ph)o(ysical)g(memory)299 2032 y Fw(.D)21 b(N)h(adr)f(data)114 -b FE(Dep)q(osit)14 b(NV)m(ram)299 2082 y Fw(.D)21 b(O)h(om)f(adr)g(data)49 -b FE(Diag)13 b(write,)h(om)e({)p Fu(>)i FE(cac)o(he)h(mo)q(de;)d(adr)i({)p -Fu(>)g FE(E;)f(data)h({)p Fu(>)g FE(IABUS)299 2132 y Fw(.D)21 -b(P)h(data)201 b FE(Dep)q(osit)14 b(PC)299 2181 y Fw(.D)21 -b(R)h(reg)f(data)114 b FE(Dep)q(osit)14 b(curren)o(t{con)o(text)i(register) -299 2231 y Fw(.D)21 b(S)h(adr)f(data)114 b FE(Dep)q(osit)14 -b(system)g(virtual)f(memory)299 2281 y Fw(.D)21 b(U)h(adr)f(data)114 -b FE(Dep)q(osit)14 b(user)h(virtual)e(memory)199 2379 y Fw(.D)22 -b(A)f(address)g(data)324 2447 y FE(Dep)q(osit)e(in)o(to)f(MemA.)g(The)i -(\014rst)f(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(the)h(13{bit)e(address)i(\(0{17777\).)33 -b(The)324 2497 y(second)15 b(argumen)o(t)e(is)g(the)i(36{bit)e(data)g(to)h -(dep)q(osit.)199 2582 y Fw(.D)22 b(D)f(baw)g(data)p eop -%%Page: 557 71 -557 70 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.2.)31 b(MICR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)996 -b FE(557)474 195 y(P)o(erform)11 b(a)i(device{con)o(trol)g(cycle)g(on)g(the)g -(system)f(bus)h(\(this)g(is)g(also)f(kno)o(wn)g(as)h(a)f(write)h(to)474 -245 y(I/O)g(space\).)19 b(The)13 b(\014rst)h(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(the)g(bus)h -(address)g(w)o(ord)f(\(BA)-5 b(W\).)13 b(The)h(second)g(w)o(ord)474 -295 y(is)f(the)g(data)g(to)g(write.)18 b(Bit)13 b(0)f(of)g(the)i(address)g -(con)o(trols)f(cac)o(he)h(access.)20 b(It)13 b(should)f(nev)o(er)i(b)q(e)474 -345 y(set)h(when)f(accessing)h(I/O)f(space.)349 430 y Fw(.D)22 -b(F)f(data)474 498 y FE(Store)12 b(in)o(to)f(the)i(in)o(ternal)e(pro)q -(cessor)j(\015ags)e(and)f(con)o(text)i(w)o(ord.)k(The)12 b(argumen)o(t)f(is)g -(a)h(36{bit)474 548 y(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)j(sp)q(ecifying)i(the)f(pro)q(cessor)j -(\015ags)d(in)g(bits)g(0{12,)f(the)i(curren)o(t)h(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o(k)g(in)g -(bits)474 597 y(18{20,)10 b(the)i(previous)g(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(k)h(in)f(bits) -g(21{23,)f(and)i(the)g(previous)g(section)g(in)f(bits)h(24{35.)349 -683 y Fw(.D)22 b(I)f(data)474 751 y FE(Store)d(in)o(to)f(the)i(in)o(ternal)e -(priorit)o(y{in)o(terrupt)h(register)h(\(as)f(read)g(b)o(y)g(RDPI\).)f -(Changing)474 800 y(these)g(v)n(alues)f(ma)o(y)d(cause)k(certain)g -(inconsistencies)g(in)f(the)g(in)o(ternal)f(mac)o(hine)g(state;)i(use)474 -850 y(with)c(great)i(care.)349 936 y Fw(.D)22 b(M)f(baw)g(data)474 -1004 y FE(P)o(erform)13 b(a)i(w)o(ord)f(write)h(on)f(the)h(system)f(bus)h -(\(this)g(is)g(also)e(kno)o(w)h(as)h(a)f(write)h(to)f(memory)474 -1053 y(space\).)25 b(The)16 b(\014rst)h(argumen)o(t)e(is)g(the)i(bus)f -(address)h(w)o(ord)f(\(BA)-5 b(W\).)16 b(The)g(second)h(w)o(ord)f(is)474 -1103 y(the)f(data)e(to)i(write.)k(Bit)14 b(0)g(of)g(the)h(address)g(con)o -(trols)f(cac)o(he)i(access.)k(If)14 b(bit)g(0)g(is)g(clear,)g(the)474 -1153 y(cac)o(he)k(will)e(b)q(e)j(b)o(ypassed.)30 b(If)17 b(bit)g(0)g(is)h -(set,)h(the)f(cac)o(he)g(will)e(b)q(e)j(\015ushed)f(and/or)f(loaded)474 -1203 y(as)e(needed)h(and)e(the)i(data)e(written)h(in)o(to)f(the)i(prop)q(er)f -(cac)o(he)h(line.)k(Care)15 b(should)g(b)q(e)g(tak)o(en)474 -1253 y(to)g(use)h(the)g(same)e(cac)o(he)i(access)h(as)e(is)g(curren)o(tly)i -(b)q(eing)e(used)h(for)f(the)g(sp)q(eci\014ed)i(address;)474 -1302 y(otherwise)e(cac)o(he)f(inconsistencies)i(ma)o(y)c(o)q(ccur.)349 -1388 y Fw(.D)22 b(N)f(address)g(data)474 1456 y FE(W)m(rite)e(one)i(b)o(yte)f -(in)o(to)f(the)i(non)o(v)o(olatile)d(RAM)i(\(NVRAM\).)f(The)i(\014rst)g -(argumen)o(t)d(is)i(a)474 1505 y(13{bit)15 b(address)i(\(0{17777\).)24 -b(The)16 b(second)h(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(the)h(8{bit)e(data)h(\(0{377\))f(to)h -(b)q(e)474 1555 y(written.)25 b(Use)17 b(care)h(when)e(c)o(hanging)g(NVRAM,)f -(b)q(ecause)j(it)e(con)o(trols)h(v)n(arious)e(pieces)j(of)474 -1605 y(system)13 b(con\014guration.)349 1691 y Fw(.D)22 b(O)f(mode)g(address) -g(data)474 1758 y FE(P)o(erform)9 b(a)h(diagnostic)f(write)i(cycle.)17 -b(The)11 b(\014rst)g(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(loaded)f(in)o(to)h(the)g(cac)o(he)h -(mo)q(de.)474 1808 y(The)i(second)h(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(loaded)f(in)o(to)h -(the)g(in)o(ternal)g(DPM)f(address)j(register.)k(The)13 b(third)474 -1858 y(argumen)o(t)g(is)g(loaded)h(in)o(to)f(the)h(IABUS)h(latc)o(hes.)k(A)14 -b(DPM)f(write)i(cycle)f(is)g(p)q(erformed.)349 1944 y Fw(.D)22 -b(P)f(address)474 2011 y FE(Store)10 b(in)o(to)f(the)h(macro)e(PC.)h(This)h -(is)f(similar)e(to)i(the)h(.S)f(command,)f(but)h(the)h(macro)f(program)474 -2061 y(is)14 b(not)f(con)o(tin)o(ued.)349 2147 y Fw(.D)22 b(R)f(n)h(data)474 -2214 y FE(Store)13 b(in)o(to)e(the)i(registers)h(selected)g(b)o(y)d(the)i -(curren)o(t)h(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o(k)g(con)o(text)h(setting.)18 -b(The)12 b(\014rst)474 2264 y(argumen)o(t)j(is)h(the)g(4{bit)f(register)j(n)o -(um)o(b)q(er.)23 b(The)17 b(second)g(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(the)g(36{bit)f(data) -474 2314 y(to)f(write.)349 2399 y Fw(.D)22 b(S)f(address)g(data)474 -2467 y FE(W)m(rite)14 b(to)g(a)g(system)g(virtual)f(address.)20 -b(The)15 b(\014rst)g(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(the)h(30{bit)e(address.)21 -b(The)474 2517 y(second)12 b(argumen)o(t)e(is)g(the)i(36{bit)e(data)g(to)h -(write.)17 b(A)11 b(system)g(virtual)f(address)i(is)f(one)g(whic)o(h)474 -2567 y(is)j(mapp)q(ed)f(starting)g(at)h(EPT)g(o\013set)h(540)e(plus)h(the)h -(sup)q(er{section)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)p eop -%%Page: 558 72 -558 71 bop 0 50 a FE(558)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)199 195 y Fw(.D)22 b(U)f(address)g(data)324 -263 y FE(W)m(rite)16 b(to)h(a)g(user)i(virtual)d(address.)29 -b(The)18 b(\014rst)g(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(the)g(30{bit)f(address.)30 -b(The)324 313 y(second)15 b(argumen)o(t)f(is)g(the)h(36{bit)f(data)g(to)g -(write.)20 b(A)15 b(user)h(virtual)d(address)j(is)e(one)h(whic)o(h)324 -362 y(is)f(mapp)q(ed)f(starting)g(at)h(UPT)g(o\013set)h(540)e(plus)h(the)h -(sup)q(er{section)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)0 448 y Fw(.E)155 b FE(Examine)8 -b(things)i(in)f(v)n(arious)g(parts)h(of)g(the)g(mac)o(hine.)15 -b(The)10 b(next)g(letter)h(sp)q(eci\014es)h(what)d(to)h(examine.)199 -498 y(The)15 b(follo)o(wing)c(is)j(a)f(summary)f(of)h(the)h(examine)f -(commands:)299 598 y(Command)143 b(Description)299 698 y Fw(.E)289 -b FE(Rep)q(eats)16 b(previous)g(examine)e(with)i(next)g(address)g(or)g -(examines)632 748 y(the)j(same)e(address)j(as)e(the)h(previous)f(dep)q(osit,) -i(whic)o(hev)o(er)f(o)q(c-)632 798 y(cured)c(most)e(recen)o(tly)m(.)299 -856 y Fw(.E)21 b(A)h(adr)158 b FE(Examine)12 b(MemA)299 906 -y Fw(.E)21 b(D)h(baw)158 b FE(Examine)12 b(device{con)o(trol)299 -956 y Fw(.E)21 b(F)246 b FE(Examine)12 b(\015ags)i(and)g(con)o(text)299 -1006 y Fw(.E)21 b(I)246 b FE(Examine)12 b(PIR)i(and)g(HW)f(in)o(terrupt)i -(register)299 1056 y Fw(.E)21 b(L)h(adr)158 b FE(Examine)12 -b(lo)q(okup)h(R)o(OM)h(\()p Fu(<)p FE(0:12)p Fu(>)p FE(,)f -Fu(<)p FE(31:35)p Fu(>)p FE(,)f(or)i Fu(<)p FE(18:35)p Fu(>)p -FE(\))299 1106 y Fw(.E)21 b(M)h(baw)158 b FE(Examine)12 b(ph)o(ysical)i -(memory)299 1155 y Fw(.E)21 b(N)h(adr)158 b FE(Examine)12 b(NV)m(ram)299 -1205 y Fw(.E)21 b(O)h(A)f(om)h(adr)49 b FE(Diag)13 b(read,)g(om)g({)p -Fu(>)h FE(cac)o(he)g(mo)q(de;)f(adr)h({)p Fu(>)g FE(E;)f(prin)o(t)h(IABUS)299 -1255 y Fw(.E)21 b(O)h(D)f(om)h(adr)49 b FE(Diag)13 b(read,)g(om)g({)p -Fu(>)h FE(cac)o(he)g(mo)q(de;)f(adr)h({)p Fu(>)g FE(E;)f(prin)o(t)h(DPM)299 -1305 y Fw(.E)21 b(O)h(N)f(om)h(adr)49 b FE(Diag)13 b(read,)g(om)g({)p -Fu(>)h FE(cac)o(he)g(mo)q(de;)f(adr)h({)p Fu(>)g FE(E;)f(no)h(prin)o(t)299 -1355 y Fw(.E)21 b(P)246 b FE(Examine)12 b(PC)299 1404 y Fw(.E)21 -b(R)h(reg)158 b FE(Examine)12 b(curren)o(t{con)o(text)k(register)299 -1454 y Fw(.E)21 b(S)h(adr)158 b FE(Examine)12 b(system)i(virtual)f(memory)299 -1504 y Fw(.E)21 b(U)h(adr)158 b FE(Examine)12 b(user)j(virtual)e(memory)199 -1602 y Fw(.E)22 b(A)f(address)324 1670 y FE(Examine)12 b(lo)q(cations)i(in)f -(MemA.)g(The)h(argumen)o(t)f(is)g(the)i(13{bit)e(address)i(\(0{17777\).)199 -1755 y Fw(.E)22 b(D)f(baw)324 1823 y FE(P)o(erform)10 b(a)g(status)i(request) -g(cycle)g(on)e(the)h(system)g(bus)g(\(also)g(kno)o(w)f(as)h(an)f(I/O)h(space) -h(read\).)324 1873 y(The)g(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(the)h(bus)g(address)h(w)o(ord)e -(\(BA)-5 b(W\))12 b(to)f(read.)18 b(Bit)12 b(0)f(con)o(trols)g(cac)o(he)i -(access.)324 1923 y(Bit)h(0)f(should)h(not)g(b)q(e)g(set)h(with)f(this)g -(command.)199 2008 y Fw(.E)22 b(F)324 2076 y FE(Examine)13 -b(the)i(in)o(ternal)g(pro)q(cessor)h(\015ags)f(and)f(con)o(text.)21 -b(The)15 b(pro)q(cessor)i(\015ags)e(are)g(in)f(bits)324 2126 -y(0{12,)c(the)i(curren)o(t)h(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(k)f(is)g(in)g(bits)g(18{20,)g -(the)h(previous)f(A)o(C)h(blo)q(c)o(k)f(is)g(in)g(bits)h(21{23,)324 -2176 y(and)i(the)g(previous)g(section)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(is)h(in)f(bits)h -(24{35.)199 2261 y Fw(.E)22 b(I)324 2329 y FE(Examine)13 b(the)i(priorit)o -(y{in)o(terrupt)f(register)h(and)f(the)h(hardw)o(are)g(in)o(terrupt)g -(register.)21 b(The)324 2379 y(priorit)o(y{in)o(terrupt)14 -b(register)i(con)o(tains)f(the)h(same)e(data)g(as)h(read)g(with)g(RDPI.)f -(The)h(hard-)324 2428 y(w)o(are)f(in)o(terrupt)h(register)g(has)f(hardw)o -(are)g(bits)g(a)o(v)n(ailable)e(to)h(the)i(micro)q(co)q(de.)199 -2514 y Fw(.E)22 b(L)f(address)324 2582 y FE(Examine)e(the)i(in)o(ternal)f(lo) -q(okup)f(R)o(OM)i(used)g(for)f(b)o(yte)h(instructions.)38 b(The)21 -b(argumen)o(t)p eop -%%Page: 559 73 -559 72 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.2.)31 b(MICR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)996 -b FE(559)474 195 y(sp)q(eci\014es)13 b(the)g(address)g(in)e(the)i(R)o(OM)e -(to)h(examine.)k(First,)c(if)f(bits)h(0{17)f(are)h(zero,)h(cop)o(y)f(bits)474 -245 y(18{30)g(to)i(bits)g(0{12.)j(The)d(address)i(is)d(then)i(formed)e(from)f -(bits)i(0{12)e(and)i(bits)g(31{35.)349 330 y Fw(.E)22 b(M)f(baw)474 -398 y FE(P)o(erform)9 b(a)i(w)o(ord{read)f(cycle)h(on)g(the)g(system)f(bus)h -(\(also)f(kno)o(w)g(as)h(a)f(memory{space)f(read\).)474 448 -y(The)j(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(the)h(bus)g(address)h(w)o(ord)e(\(BA)-5 -b(W\))12 b(to)f(read.)18 b(Bit)12 b(0)f(con)o(trols)g(cac)o(he)i(access.)474 -498 y(If)h(bit)h(0)f(is)h(clear,)f(the)i(cac)o(he)f(is)g(b)o(ypassed.)21 -b(If)15 b(bit)f(0)h(is)f(set,)i(the)f(cac)o(he)h(will)d(b)q(e)i(examined)474 -548 y(to)e(see)i(if)d(the)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(address)f(is)g(cac)o(hed)g -(there.)19 b(If)13 b(not,)g(the)h(corresp)q(onding)g(cac)o(he)g(line)474 -597 y(will)g(b)q(e)j(loaded)e(from)g(system)g(memory)f(in)o(to)h(the)i(cac)o -(he)g(and)e(the)i(desired)g(will)e(b)q(e)h(w)o(ord)474 647 -y(returned.)349 733 y Fw(.E)22 b(N)f(address)474 800 y FE(Examine)14 -b(a)h(b)o(yte)g(of)g(non)o(v)o(olatile)e(RAM)i(\(NVRAM\).)g(The)h(argumen)o -(t)e(is)h(the)h(13{bit)e(ad-)474 850 y(dress)h(of)e(the)i(desired)g(b)o(yte.) -349 936 y Fw(.E)22 b(O)474 1004 y FE(P)o(erform)13 b(a)g(diagnostic{read.)18 -b(The)c(\014rst)h(argumen)o(t)d(is)i(a)g(letter)g(sp)q(ecifying)g(what)g(to)f -(t)o(yp)q(e)474 1053 y(out)i(up)q(on)h(completion.)k(The)c(second)h(argumen)o -(t)d(is)h(loaded)g(in)o(to)g(the)h(cac)o(he)g(mo)q(de.)22 b(The)474 -1103 y(third)13 b(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(loaded)g(in)o(to)f(the)i(in)o(ternal)f -(DPM)g(address)h(register.)19 b(The)14 b(follo)o(wing)c(is)474 -1153 y(a)j(summary)f(of)h(the)i(diagnostic{read)e(commands:)573 -1254 y(Command)144 b(Description)573 1353 y Fw(.E)22 b(O)f(A)h(om)f(adr)50 -b FE(Diag)12 b(read,)i(om)e({)p Fu(>)i FE(cac)o(he)h(mo)q(de,)d(adr)i({)p -Fu(>)g FE(E,)g(prin)o(t)f(IABUS)573 1403 y Fw(.E)22 b(O)f(D)h(om)f(adr)50 -b FE(Diag)12 b(read,)i(om)e({)p Fu(>)i FE(cac)o(he)h(mo)q(de,)d(adr)i({)p -Fu(>)g FE(E,)g(prin)o(t)f(DPM)573 1453 y Fw(.E)22 b(O)f(N)h(om)f(adr)50 -b FE(Diag)12 b(read,)i(om)e({)p Fu(>)i FE(cac)o(he)h(mo)q(de,)d(adr)i({)p -Fu(>)g FE(E,)g(no)f(prin)o(t)474 1551 y Fw(.E)21 b(O)h(A)f(mode)g(address)561 -1619 y FE(P)o(erform)15 b(a)g(diagnostic{read)g(cycle)i(and)e(prin)o(t)h(the) -g(resulting)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)h(of)e(IABUS.)561 1669 y(The)j(\014rst)h -(argumen)o(t)d(is)i(loaded)g(in)o(to)f(the)h(cac)o(he)h(mo)q(de;)f(the)g -(second)h(argumen)o(t)e(is)561 1718 y(loaded)c(in)o(to)h(the)g(in)o(ternal)g -(DPM)f(address)j(register.)474 1804 y Fw(.E)21 b(O)h(D)f(mode)g(address)561 -1872 y FE(P)o(erform)10 b(a)g(diagnostic{read)g(cycle)i(and)e(prin)o(t)h(the) -g(resulting)g(con)o(ten)o(ts)g(of)f(DPM.)h(The)561 1921 y(\014rst)k(argumen)o -(t)e(is)h(loaded)g(in)o(to)f(the)i(cac)o(he)g(mo)q(de;)d(the)j(second)g -(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(loaded)561 1971 y(in)o(to)f(the)i(in)o(ternal)e(DPM)h -(address)h(register.)474 2057 y Fw(.E)21 b(O)h(N)f(mode)g(address)561 -2124 y FE(P)o(erform)12 b(a)h(diagnostic{read)g(with)g(no)g(output.)18 -b(The)c(\014rst)g(argumen)o(t)f(is)g(loaded)g(in)o(to)561 2174 -y(the)e(cac)o(he)h(mo)q(de;)e(the)h(second)h(argumen)o(t)e(is)g(loaded)h(in)o -(to)e(the)j(in)o(ternal)e(DPM)h(address)561 2224 y(register.)31 -b(diagnostic{read)17 b(with)h(no)f(output)h(is)g(sometimes)e(useful)i(for)f -(scoping)h(a)561 2274 y(pro)q(cessor)e(problem.)349 2359 y -Fw(.E)22 b(P)474 2427 y FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(the)g(curren)o(t)i(macro)c(PC.)349 -2513 y Fw(.E)22 b(R)f(n)474 2580 y FE(Examine)e(the)i(registers)h(selected)g -(b)o(y)e(the)h(curren)o(t)h(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o(k)g(con)o(text)i(setting.)38 -b(The)p eop -%%Page: 560 74 -560 73 bop 0 50 a FE(560)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)324 195 y FE(argumen)o(t)f(is)g(the)i(4{bit)e -(register)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)e(\(0{17\).)199 281 y Fw(.E)22 -b(S)f(address)324 348 y FE(Read)11 b(a)g(system)f(virtual)h(address.)18 -b(The)12 b(\014rst)g(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(the)g(30{bit)g(address.)18 -b(A)11 b(system)324 398 y(virtual)h(address)i(is)f(one)g(whic)o(h)g(is)g -(mapp)q(ed)f(starting)g(at)h(EPT)h(o\013set)f(540)f(plus)h(the)h(sup)q(er{) -324 448 y(section)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)199 534 y Fw(.E)22 b(U)f(address)324 -601 y FE(Read)c(a)h(user)h(virtual)e(address.)31 b(The)18 b(\014rst)h -(argumen)o(t)e(is)g(the)i(30{bit)e(address.)31 b(A)18 b(user)324 -651 y(virtual)12 b(address)i(is)e(one)h(whic)o(h)g(is)f(mapp)q(ed)g(starting) -h(at)f(UPT)h(o\013set)h(540)e(plus)h(the)g(sup)q(er{)324 701 -y(section)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)0 786 y Fw(.H)155 b FE(Halt)18 -b(the)g(curren)o(tly)h(running)e(program.)28 b(The)19 b(PC)f(remains)e(v)n -(alid,)h(and)h(the)g(program)e(can)i(b)q(e)199 836 y(con)o(tin)o(ued)c(where) -h(it)f(left)g(o\013)f(using)h(the)g(.C)g(command.)0 922 y Fw(.I)155 -b FE(Restart)11 b(the)f(CPU)g(micro)q(co)q(de)g(at)g(the)g(b)q(eginning.)16 -b(The)11 b(CPU)f(cannot)g(tell)f(the)i(di\013erence)h(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)199 -972 y(this)i(and)g(starting)g(from)e(p)q(o)o(w)o(er{on.)0 1057 -y Fw(.M)155 b FE(Initialize)18 b(the)h(macro{console)f(b)o(y)g(starting)h(it) -f(at)g(its)h(en)o(try{v)o(ector)h(o\013set)g(3.)32 b(Whenev)o(er)19 -b(the)199 1107 y(micro{console)9 b(passes)i(a)f(command)e(to)h(the)i -(macro{console,)e(it)h(clears)h(the)g(macro{console)e(enable)199 -1157 y(bits)16 b(stored)g(in)f(MemA.)f(If)h(the)h(macro{console)e(terminates) -h(without)g(setting)h(this)f(bit)g(again,)f(it)199 1207 y(is)k(e\013ectiv)o -(ely)h(disabled)f(\(i.e.,)g(the)h(micro{console)d(will)h(not)h(pass)h -(commands)c(to)j(it\).)31 b(The)18 b(.M)199 1256 y(command)c(giv)o(es)j(the)g -(macro{console)f(a)h(c)o(hance)g(to)g(re{enable)h(itself.)26 -b(\(The)17 b(macro{console)f(is)199 1306 y(also)e(disabled)f(b)o(y)h(the)g -(.U)g(command)d(or)j(b)o(y)f(installing)g(option)g(jump)q(er)g(J0.\))0 -1392 y Fw(.R)21 b(n)h(command)199 1459 y FE(Rep)q(eat)17 b(an)o(y)f(other)h -(micro{console)e(command)f(a)i(sp)q(eci\014ed)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g -(times.)24 b(The)17 b(argumen)o(t)199 1509 y(follo)o(wing)8 -b(.R)i(is)g(an)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(sp)q(ecifying)g(the)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)d -(of)h(times)g(to)g(rep)q(eat)i(the)f(command.)j(A)d(v)n(alue)199 -1559 y(of)g(zero)i(will)d(cause)j(command)8 b(to)k(rep)q(eat)h -(inde\014nitely)m(.)j(F)m(ollo)o(wing)9 b(the)j(rep)q(eat)h(coun)o(t,)f(y)o -(ou)f(should)199 1609 y(giv)o(e)h(the)h(command)d(y)o(ou)i(wish)h(rep)q -(eated,)h(but)f(without)f(the)h(initial)e(dot)h(\(\\."\).)17 -b(F)m(or)12 b(example,)f(the)199 1659 y(follo)o(wing)h(commands)f(examine)i -(all)f(16)i(\(decimal\))e(curren)o(t{con)o(text)k(registers:)299 -1762 y Fw(.E)21 b(R)h(0)299 1812 y(.R)f(17)h(E)199 1913 y FE(The)13 -b(\014rst)g(command)c(examines)j(register)h(0,)f(while)g(the)h(second)g -(command)d(examines)h(the)i(next)f(17)199 1963 y(\(o)q(ctal\))i(registers)i -(in)d(sequence.)0 2048 y Fw(.S)21 b(address)199 2116 y FE(Start)15 -b(the)h(pro)q(cessor)g(executing)g(instructions.)21 b(The)15 -b(argumen)o(t)f(is)h(a)f(30{bit)g(address)i(sp)q(ecifying)199 -2166 y(the)f(in)o(tial)d(PC.)0 2252 y Fw(.T)155 b FE(P)o(erform)12 -b(v)n(arious)g(lo)o(w{lev)o(el)f(tests)j(whic)o(h)e(are)h(di\016cult)f(or)g -(imp)q(ossible)f(to)i(p)q(erform)e(using)h(macro{)199 2301 -y(co)q(de,)18 b(or)f(when)g(macro{co)q(de)f(execution)i(is)f(not)f(op)q -(erational.)26 b(The)17 b(follo)o(wing)e(test)i(commands)p -eop -%%Page: 561 75 -561 74 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.2.)31 b(MICR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)996 -b FE(561)349 195 y(are)15 b(a)o(v)n(ailable:)449 288 y(Command)208 -b(Description)449 387 y Fw(.T)21 b(A)h(d)267 b FE(W/R)13 b(alternate)i(MemA)f -(lo)q(cs)g(with)g(\\d")g(and)g(\\d")f(with)h(its)g(lo)o(w)847 -437 y(order)h(bit)f(complemen)o(ted,)d(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)449 -496 y Fw(.T)21 b(B)311 b FE(Read)14 b(BP)h(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)f(status)g(and)g(R) -o(OMs)449 546 y Fw(.T)21 b(C)h(b)267 b FE(T)m(est)15 b(cac)o(he)g(in)o -(teraction)e(with)h(memory)d(at)j(BA)-5 b(W)14 b(\\b")449 596 -y Fw(.T)21 b(M)h(b)f(s)h(p)g(c)136 b FE(T)m(est)19 b(system)e(memory:)23 -b(start)c(at)e(BA)-5 b(W)19 b(\\b",)f(for)f(\\s")h(w)o(ords,)847 -645 y(with)c(pattern)h(\\p".)i(\\c")d(has)g(con)o(trol)g(bits.)449 -704 y Fw(.T)21 b(S)h(d)f(s)h(m)180 b FE(Rotate)14 b(\\d")f(b)o(y)h(\\s",)f -(AND)h(with)g(\\m")449 754 y Fw(.T)21 b(U)h(b)267 b FE(T)m(est)15 -b(cac)o(he)g(in)o(v)n(alidate/\015ush)d(functions)449 804 y -Fw(.T)21 b(X)h(h1)f(l1)h(h2)f(l2)49 b FE(Do)14 b(72{bit)f(add)g(of)h(h1,l1)e -(and)i(h2,l2)349 902 y Fw(.T)22 b(A)f(data)474 970 y FE(T)m(est)15 -b(MemA.)f(The)i(argumen)o(t)d(is)i(a)g(data)g(pattern.)22 b(Tw)o(o)15 -b(lo)q(cations)f(in)h(MemA)f(are)i(used.)474 1019 y(The)i(data)g(is)g -(written)g(to)g(the)g(\014rst)h(lo)q(cation.)29 b(Then)19 b(the)f(data)g -(written)h(to)e(the)i(second)474 1069 y(lo)q(cation)12 b(with)h(the)h(lo)o -(w{order)f(bit)g(complemen)o(ted.)k(This)c(c)o(hanges)h(the)g(parit)o(y)f -(bit.)18 b(Both)474 1119 y(lo)q(cations)c(are)i(then)g(read)f(to)g(v)o(erify) -g(parit)o(y)m(.)21 b(This)15 b(pro)q(cess)i(rep)q(eats)f(un)o(til)f(a)g(c)o -(haracter)h(is)474 1169 y(en)o(tered)f(on)f(the)g(console.)349 -1254 y Fw(.T)22 b(B)474 1322 y FE(Read)11 b(the)i(bac)o(kplane)e(p)q(o)o(w)o -(er)i(status,)f(serial)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(and)h(system)f(ID)h(R)o(OMs.)17 -b(Then)12 b(read)474 1372 y(the)h(CPU)g(serial)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(R)o(OM)g -(in)o(to)g(prede\014ned)j(lo)q(cations)d(in)g(MemA.)g(Prin)o(t)g(the)i(p)q(o) -o(w)o(er)474 1422 y(status)f(\(it)f(app)q(ears)h(in)e(the)i(hi{order)f(8)g -(bits)g(of)g(v)n(alue)f(prin)o(ted\).)18 b(The)13 b(bits)f(are)g(in)o -(terpreted)474 1471 y(as)i(follo)o(ws:)573 1564 y(Bit)126 b(Mask)g -(Description)573 1664 y Fw(0)85 b FE(400000000000)47 b(A)o(C)14 -b(fault)573 1714 y Fw(1)85 b FE(200000000000)47 b(Thermal)13 -b(fault)573 1763 y Fw(2)85 b FE(100000000000)47 b(Battery)15 -b(bad)573 1813 y Fw(3)85 b FE(040000000000)47 b(Battery)15 -b(lo)o(w)573 1863 y Fw(4)85 b FE(020000000000)47 b(Need)15 -b(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)f(asserted)i(on)e(bac)o(kplane)573 1913 y -Fw(5)85 b FE(010000000000)47 b(Not)14 b(used,)g(should)g(b)q(e)h(zero)573 -1963 y Fw(6)85 b FE(004000000000)47 b(Bac)o(kplane)14 b(w)o(edged)573 -2012 y Fw(7)85 b FE(002000000000)47 b(Alw)o(a)o(ys)13 b(set)349 -2093 y Fw(.T)22 b(C)f(baw)474 2160 y FE(P)o(erform)15 b(a)h(v)n(ariet)o(y)g -(of)g(cac)o(he/memory)f(in)o(teraction)h(tests.)27 b(The)17 -b(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(the)h(base)474 2210 y(bus)i(address)g(w)o(ord)g(\(BA)-5 -b(W\))19 b(of)e(the)i(memory)d(lo)q(cations)i(to)g(use.)33 -b(The)19 b(addresses)h(used)474 2260 y(are)c(BA)-5 b(W)17 b(through)f(BA)-5 -b(W+37777777.)24 b(Since)17 b(the)g(page)f(o\013sets)i(are)e(\014xed)h(for)f -(mapp)q(ed)474 2310 y(addresses,)22 b(the)d(BA)-5 b(W)20 b(should)f(ha)o(v)o -(e)f(bits)h Fu(<)p FE(27:35)p Fu(>)f FE(set)i(to)f(zero.)34 -b(If)19 b(a)g(test)h(fails,)e(the)474 2360 y(address,)g(actual,)f(and)g(exp)q -(ected)i(data)d(are)i(prin)o(ted)f(and)g(the)g(test)h(is)f(terminated.)27 -b(The)474 2409 y(test)15 b(can)f(also)f(b)q(e)i(terminated)e(b)o(y)h(t)o -(yping)f(on)g(the)i(console.)349 2495 y Fw(.T)22 b(M)f(baw)g(count)g(pattern) -f(control)474 2563 y FE(P)o(erform)d(a)g(v)n(ariet)o(y)h(of)f(system)h -(memory)d(tests.)32 b(The)18 b(\014rst)h(argumen)o(t)e(is)g(the)i(base)g(bus) -474 2612 y(address)e(w)o(ord)g(\(BA)-5 b(W\))17 b(of)f(the)h(lo)q(cations)e -(to)i(b)q(e)g(tested.)27 b(The)16 b(second)i(argumen)o(t)d(is)h(the)p -eop -%%Page: 562 76 -562 75 bop 0 50 a FE(562)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)324 195 y FE(coun)o(t)h(of)f(lo)q(cations)g(to)g(test) -i(\(0)e(will)f(coun)o(t)i(for)g(a)f(long)g(time\).)19 b(The)c(third)f -(argumen)o(t)g(is)g(a)324 245 y(data)f(pattern.)19 b(The)c(fourth)e(argumen)o -(t)g(is)h(the)g(function,)f(enco)q(ded)j(as)e(follo)o(ws:)423 -346 y(Bits)110 b(Mask)74 b(F)m(unction)423 445 y Fw(33:35)174 -b FE(0)49 b(Use)15 b(the)g(data)e(pattern)i(unc)o(hanged)707 -495 y(1)49 b(Complemen)o(t)12 b(the)i(pattern)h(on)e(eac)o(h)i(pass)707 -545 y(2)49 b(Incremen)o(t)14 b(the)h(pattern)g(on)e(eac)o(h)i(pass)707 -595 y(3)49 b(Rotate)14 b(the)g(pattern)h(left)f(one)g(bit)f(on)h(eac)o(h)h -(pass)423 645 y(18)138 b(400000)48 b(Con)o(tin)o(ue)14 b(on)g(error)423 -694 y(15:17)63 b(0000000)48 b(Init)14 b(pass)g(only)f(\(places)i(pattern)g -(in)e(memory\))582 744 y(1000000)48 b(Init)14 b(only)m(,)e(pattern)j(X)o -(OR'd)e(with)h(BA)-5 b(W)582 794 y(2000000)48 b(W)m(rite/read/compare)13 -b(using)h(pattern)582 844 y(3000000)48 b(W)m(rite/read/compare,)13 -b(pattern)h(X)o(OR'd)g(with)f(BA)-5 b(W)582 894 y(4000000)48 -b(W)m(rite)14 b(only)f(\(no)h(read)g(or)g(compare\))582 943 -y(5000000)48 b(Read)14 b(only)f(\(no)h(write)g(or)g(compare\))582 -993 y(6000000)48 b(Read/write)14 b(\(no)g(compare\))582 1043 -y(7000000)48 b(X)o(OR/read/write)14 b(\(no)g(compare\))324 -1147 y(When)k(comparing)e(and)i(stopping)g(on)g(errors)h(\(bit)f(18)f -(clear\),)i(an)f(error)h(will)e(terminate)324 1197 y(testing)f(with)e(a)i -(prin)o(tout)f(of)f(the)i(address,)h(actual)e(data,)g(and)g(exp)q(ected)i -(data.)22 b(The)16 b(test)324 1246 y(can)e(also)f(b)q(e)i(terminated)e(at)h -(the)g(end)h(of)e(a)g(pass)i(b)o(y)e(t)o(yping)h(on)f(the)i(console.)199 -1332 y Fw(.T)22 b(S)f(data)g(rotate)g(mask)324 1400 y FE(T)m(est)16 -b(the)h(in)o(ternal)f(shifter/mask)o(er)f(hardw)o(are.)26 b(The)16 -b(\014rst)h(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(the)h(data.)25 b(The)324 1450 -y(second)15 b(argumen)o(t)e(is)g(the)i(shift)e(amoun)o(t.)k(The)d(third)g -(argumen)o(t)f(is)g(the)i(mask.)199 1535 y Fw(.T)22 b(U)f(baw)324 -1603 y FE(P)o(erform)16 b(the)i(in)o(v)n(alidate)d(and)i(\015ush)g(tests)i -(on)e(the)g(CPU)h(cac)o(he.)28 b(The)18 b(argumen)o(t)d(is)i(the)324 -1653 y(base)12 b(bus)g(address)h(w)o(ord)e(\(BA)-5 b(W\))12 -b(of)f(the)h(memory)d(lo)q(cations)i(to)g(use.)19 b(The)11 -b(addresses)j(used)324 1702 y(are)i(BA)-5 b(W)16 b(through)f(BA)-5 -b(W+377777.)22 b(Since)16 b(this)f(test)i(uses)f(the)g(righ)o(t)f(half)g(of)f -(the)i(BA)-5 b(W)324 1752 y(as)15 b(a)f(coun)o(ter,)h(it)g(should)f(ha)o(v)o -(e)h(bits)g Fu(<)p FE(18:35)p Fu(>)e FE(set)j(to)f(zero.)21 -b(If)14 b(a)h(test)h(fails,)d(the)i(address,)324 1802 y(actual,)i(and)f(exp)q -(ected)j(data)e(are)g(prin)o(ted)h(and)e(the)i(test)g(is)f(terminated.)26 -b(The)18 b(test)g(can)324 1852 y(also)13 b(b)q(e)i(terminated)e(b)o(y)g(t)o -(yping)h(on)f(the)i(console.)199 1937 y Fw(.T)22 b(X)f(h1)h(l1)f(h2)g(l2)324 -2005 y FE(T)m(est)14 b(the)h(in)o(ternal)f(72{bit)f(adder.)19 -b(The)c(\014rst)g(argumen)o(t)e(is)h(the)g(high{order)g(w)o(ord)g(loaded)324 -2055 y(in)o(to)h(the)h(B)g(register.)25 b(The)16 b(second)h(argumen)o(t)e(is) -h(the)g(lo)o(w{order)f(w)o(ord)h(loaded)f(in)o(to)g(the)324 -2105 y(B)e(register.)19 b(The)14 b(third)f(argumen)o(t)f(is)i(the)f -(high{order)h(w)o(ord)f(loaded)g(in)o(to)f(the)i(A)f(register.)324 -2155 y(The)j(fourth)f(argumen)o(t)g(is)h(the)g(lo)o(w{order)f(w)o(ord)h -(loaded)f(in)o(to)g(the)h(A)g(register.)24 b(The)16 b(t)o(w)o(o)324 -2204 y(registers)f(are)g(added)f(and)f(the)i(t)o(w)o(o)e(w)o(ord)h(result)h -(is)e(prin)o(ted,)h(high{order)g(w)o(ord)g(\014rst.)0 2290 -y Fw(.U)155 b FE(Disable)12 b(the)g(macro{console.)k(This)c(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)j -(useful)f(to)f(prev)o(en)o(t)i(inadv)o(erten)o(t)g(running)e(of)g(macro{)199 -2340 y(co)q(de)21 b(b)o(y)f(en)o(tering)h(a)f(command)d(without)j(an)g -(initial)e(dot)j(\(\\."\).)36 b(Use)21 b(the)g(.M)f(command)d(to)199 -2390 y(re{enable)h(the)g(macro{console.)26 b(\(The)18 b(macro{console)e(is)g -(also)h(disabled)g(b)o(y)f(installing)g(option)199 2439 y(jump)q(er)d(J0.\))0 -2525 y Fw(.V)155 b FE(Prin)o(t)14 b(the)h(pro)q(cessor)g(description)g -(string)f(and)g(micro)q(co)q(de)f(v)o(ersion)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)0 -2610 y Fw(.W)21 b(data)49 b FE(P)o(erform)15 b(a)g(W)o(CTRLF)f(instruction)i -(using)f(the)h(argumen)o(t.)21 b(This)15 b(is)g(pro)o(vided)g(to)h(allo)o(w)d -(manip-)p eop -%%Page: 563 77 -563 76 bop 150 50 a Ft(E.2.)31 b(MICR)o(O{CONSOLE)15 b(COMMANDS)996 -b FE(563)349 195 y(ulation)15 b(of)f(the)i(auxiliary)e(p)q(ort)i(when)g(the)g -(macro{console)e(ma)o(y)g(not)h(b)q(e)h(running.)23 b(The)16 -b(\\data")349 245 y(argumen)o(t)d(con)o(tains)h(the)g(W)o(CTRLF)f(bits.)18 -b(The)d(bits)f(whic)o(h)f(con)o(trol)h(the)g(auxiliary)f(p)q(ort)h(are:)449 -346 y(Name)74 b(V)m(alue)50 b(F)m(unction)449 445 y Fw(CF\045SET)79 -b FE(1B0)50 b(Set)14 b(selected)i(bits)449 495 y Fw(CF\045CLR)79 -b FE(1B1)50 b(Clear)14 b(selected)h(bits)449 545 y Fw(CF\045DTR)88 -b FE(200)49 b(Auxiliary)12 b(Data)h(T)m(erminal)f(Ready)449 -595 y Fw(CF\045APE)108 b FE(10)50 b(Auxiliary)12 b(P)o(ort)i(Enable)449 -645 y Fw(CF\045RTS)129 b FE(2)50 b(Auxiliary)12 b(Request)j(T)m(o)e(Send)349 -746 y(T)m(o)f(enable)h(the)g(auxiliary)d(p)q(ort,)j(t)o(yp)q(e)g -(\\.W400000000)o(212")o(;)d(to)i(disable)g(the)h(auxiliary)e(p)q(ort,)h(t)o -(yp)q(e)349 796 y(\\.W200000000212)o(".)p eop -%%Page: 564 78 -564 77 bop 0 50 a FE(564)766 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(E.)28 b(TDBOOT)14 -b(COMMAND)g(SUMMAR)m(Y)p eop -%%Page: 565 79 -565 78 bop 1888 50 a FE(565)150 542 y Fs(App)s(endix)34 b(F)150 -785 y FG(XKL)410 776 y(-)444 785 y(1)40 b(Pro)s(cessor)g(Arcana)150 -1037 y FE(This)12 b(app)q(endix)g(describ)q(es)j(details)d(of)f(the)i(XKL)933 -1033 y(-)945 1037 y(1)f(pro)q(cessor)i(that)e(are)h(so)f(implemen)o(tation{)o -(sp)q(eci\014c)f(as)h(to)g(b)q(e)150 1087 y FB(excluded)g FE(from)g(the)i -(arc)o(hitectural)h(sp)q(eci\014cation)g(of)e(the)h(TO)o(AD)1241 -1083 y(-)1253 1087 y(1)g(System.)150 1172 y(Sp)q(eci\014c)j(lo)q(cations)e -(in)h(MemA)f(and)g(NVRAM)h(iden)o(ti\014ed)g(in)f(the)i(man)o(ual)c(are)j -(included)g(for)f(con)o(v)o(enience)j(of)150 1222 y(the)d(authors)f(of)g(the) -g(pro)q(cessor)i(micro)q(co)q(de,)d Fy(TDBoot)p FE(,)h(and)g(diagnostics.)19 -b FB(This)c(material)e(is)j(sub)s(ject)e(to)150 1272 y(c)o(hange.)150 -1445 y Fv(F.1)69 b(MemA)20 b(Sp)r(eci\014c)h(Lo)r(cations)150 -1572 y FE(Note)16 b(that)g(sp)q(ecial)g(instructions)h(ha)o(v)o(e)f(b)q(een)h -(pro)o(vided)f(to)f(c)o(hange)i(particular)e(lo)q(cations)h(in)f(MemA.)g -(When)150 1622 y(suc)o(h)i(an)e(instruction)h(has)g(b)q(een)h(pro)o(vided,)f -(it)f(ma)o(y)f(cause)j(side{e\013ects)g(that)f(are)g(necessary)i(for)e(the)g -(prop)q(er)150 1671 y(op)q(eration)k(of)g(the)i(system.)37 -b(F)m(or)20 b(example,)h(although)f(the)h(user)g(base)g(register)h(and)f(the) -g(executiv)o(e)g(base)150 1721 y(register)e(are)f(implemen)o(ted)e(as)i(lo)q -(cations)f(in)g(MemA,)g(those)i(lo)q(cations)e(should)h(not)f(b)q(e)i -(addressed)g(via)e(the)150 1771 y Fx(AMO)o(VEM)d FE(instruction,)h(b)q -(ecause)i(c)o(hanging)d(these)i(elemen)o(ts)f(requires)h(that)f(the)h(P)o -(ager)f(T)m(ranslation)f(Bu\013er)150 1821 y(b)q(e)h(in)o(v)n(alidated;)c -(suc)o(h)k(is)f(the)g(e\013ect)i(of)d(the)h Fx(WREBR)f FE(and)h -Fx(WRUBR)f FE(instructions.)1492 1806 y Fp(1)150 1889 y FE(0{177)173 -b(F)m(ast{memory)7 b(\(A)o(C\))j(blo)q(c)o(ks)f(0{7.)16 b(F)m(ast{memory)7 -b(blo)q(c)o(k)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g Fu(n)h FE(starts)g(at)g(address)g(20)q -FC(\002)q Fu(n)p FE(.)428 1938 y Fw(AM\045AB0==:0)i FE(...)17 -b Fw(AM\045AB7==:160)150 2024 y FE(200{217)131 b Fw(AM\045LPN==:200)59 -b FE(16)19 b(w)o(ords,)i(indexed)g(b)o(y)e(ph)o(ysical)g(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q -(er,)g(con)o(taining)f(the)h(\014rst)428 2074 y(linear)14 b(page)g(n)o(um)o -(b)q(er)f(of)h(the)g(memory)e(in)i(the)g(giv)o(en)g(slot.)19 -b(F)m(or)13 b(memory)f(devices,)j(bit)f(0)f(will)428 2124 y(b)q(e)j(set.)22 -b(If)15 b(the)g(pager)h(re\014ll)e(co)q(de)i(encoun)o(ters)h(an)e(en)o(try)g -(in)g(whic)o(h)g(bit)g(0)f(is)h(clear,)g(the)h(CST)428 2173 -y(up)q(date)h(will)d(b)q(e)i(skipp)q(ed.)25 b(F)m(or)15 b(\(the)i -(non{existen)o(t\))f(slot)g(0,)f(the)i(data)e(is)h(the)g(system)g(total)428 -2223 y(memory)11 b(capacit)o(y)m(,)h(in)h(pages.)18 b(\(This)c(table)f(is)g -(used)h(b)o(y)f(the)h Fx(LDLPN)h FE(instruction,)e(as)g(w)o(ell)g(as)428 -2273 y(b)o(y)h(the)g(pager)g(re\014ll)g(micro)q(co)q(de.\))150 -2359 y(220{237)131 b Fw(AM\045DVT==:220)56 b FE(16)16 b(w)o(ords,)h(indexed)g -(b)o(y)g(ph)o(ysical)f(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(con)o(taining)g(the)h -(corre-)428 2408 y(sp)q(onding)c(device's)g(resp)q(onse)i(to)e(a)f(\\Device)h -(Status")g(request)i(directed)f(to)f(its)f(address)j(zero.)428 -2458 y(This)f(data)f(can)i(b)q(e)f(in)o(terpreted)i(to)d(sho)o(w)h(the)h -(system)e(hardw)o(are)i(con\014guration.)p 150 2493 720 2 v -196 2520 a Fo(1)214 2531 y Fn(The)10 b Fq(RDEBR)h Fn(and)e -Fq(RDUBR)i Fn(instructions)c(should)i(b)q(e)h(used)f(in)i(preference)c(to)j -(the)g(corresp)q(ondin)o(g)e Fq(AMO)o(VE)h Fn(instructions,)f(for)150 -2571 y(compatibilit)n(y)h(with)i(future)f(systems.)p eop -%%Page: 566 80 -566 79 bop 0 50 a FE(566)839 b Ft(APPENDIX)15 b(F.)27 b(XKL)1298 -46 y(-)1311 50 y(1)13 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)h(AR)o(CANA)0 195 y FE(240{257)131 -b Fw(AM\045MCP==:240)51 b FE(16)12 b(w)o(ords,)g(indexed)h(b)o(y)f(ph)o -(ysical)g(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(con)o(taining)g(the)i(capacit)o(y)278 -245 y(of)g(this)h(slot's)g(memory)d(device,)k(in)e(pages,)h(or)g(zero)g(if)f -(the)i(device)g(is)e(not)h(a)g(memory)m(.)0 330 y(264)215 b -Fw(AM\045CNF==:264)54 b FE(Memory)15 b(con\014guration)g(\015ags.)22 -b(Bit)15 b(0)g(\()p Fw(VALCN\045==:1B0)p FE(\))f(set)i(means)e(the)278 -380 y(con\014guration)i(is)g(v)n(alid.)23 b(Bit)16 b(1)f(\()p -Fw(REVCN\045==:1B1)p FE(\))f(set)j(means)f(that)g(memory)d(is)j(con\014gured) -278 430 y(in)g(rev)o(erse:)26 b(the)17 b(memory)e(at)h(the)i(highest)f(slot)f -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(is)h(mapp)q(ed)f(to)g(the)i(lo)o(w)o(est)e(linear)278 -480 y(address.)j(Bit)14 b(2)g(\()p Fw(FORCN\045==:1B2)p FE(\))e(means)h(that) -h(the)g(con\014guration)g(w)o(as)f(forced.)0 565 y(266-267)138 -b Fw(AM\045OFL==:266)p FE(,)10 b Fw(AM\045OPC==:267)53 b FE(Flags)12 -b(and)h(Con)o(text,)h(and)f(PC)g(at)g(latest)h(trap,)f(MUUO,)278 -615 y(or)h(in)o(terrupt.)0 701 y(300)215 b Fw(AM\045EBR==:00300)53 -b FE(Executiv)o(e)14 b(base)h(register.)k(Use)c Fx(WREBR)e -FE(to)h(c)o(hange)g(this)g(v)n(alue.)0 786 y(301)215 b Fw(AM\045UBR==:00301) -53 b FE(User)15 b(base)f(register.)19 b(Use)c Fx(WRUBR)e FE(to)h(c)o(hange)g -(this)g(v)n(alue.)0 872 y(302)215 b Fw(AM\045CTX==:00302)50 -b FE(Pro)q(cess)14 b(con)o(text)e(w)o(ord:)17 b(curren)o(t)c(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c) -o(k,)h(previous)f(A)o(C)h(blo)q(c)o(k,)f(and)278 922 y(previous{con)o(text)k -(PC)f(section.)19 b(Change)14 b(this)g(b)o(y)f(means)g(of)h -Fx(WRCTX)p FE(.)0 1007 y(303)215 b Fw(AM\045SPB==:00303)53 -b FE(SPT)14 b(base)g(address.)19 b(Change)14 b(this)g(via)f -Fx(WRSPB)p FE(.)0 1093 y(304)215 b Fw(AM\045CSB==:00304)53 -b FE(CST)13 b(base)i(address.)k(Change)14 b(this)g(via)f Fx(WRCSB)p -FE(.)0 1178 y(305)215 b Fw(AM\045PUR==:00305)54 b FE(CST)16 -b(pro)q(cess)h(use)f(register)h(\(Data)e(W)m(ord\).)22 b(Use)17 -b Fx(WRPUR)d FE(to)i(c)o(hange)278 1228 y(this)e(v)n(alue.)0 -1314 y(306)215 b Fw(AM\045CSM==:00306)53 b FE(CST)13 b(mask)g(w)o(ord.)18 -b(Use)d Fx(WRCSTM)f FE(to)f(c)o(hange)i(this)e(v)n(alue.)0 -1399 y(307)215 b Fw(AM\045ADB==:00307)53 b FE(Address{break)15 -b(register.)20 b(Use)14 b Fx(WRADB)f FE(to)h(set)h(this)f(v)n(alue.)0 -1485 y(310{311)131 b Fw(AM\045TIM==:00310)53 b FE(Time{base)12 -b(double)i(w)o(ord.)0 1570 y(312)215 b Fw(AM\045CTI==:00312)53 -b FE(Most)14 b(recen)o(t)h(CTY)f(input)g(c)o(haracter.)0 1656 -y(313)215 b Fw(AM\045CTS==:00313)52 b FE(Console)14 b(status.)19 -b(\(Kept)c(b)o(y)e(micro)q(co)q(de\).)18 b(This)c(is)f(read)i(b)o(y)e -Fx(RDCTYS)p FE(.)0 1742 y(314)215 b Fw(AM\045HPM==:00314)58 -b FE(Hard)19 b(page-failure)f(mask.)33 b(When)19 b(a)g(hard)g(page{failure)f -(o)q(ccurs,)k(if)278 1791 y(EPT)16 b(500)e(AND)h(this)h(mask)d(is)i(nonzero,) -h(the)g(hard)f(page{failure)f(will)g(trap)i(to)f(the)g(macro{)278 -1841 y(console)f(b)o(y)g(en)o(tering)g(it)g(at)g(o\013set)g(6)g(from)e(its)i -(starting)g(address.)0 1927 y(320{322)131 b Fw(AM\045SY0==:320)56 -b FE(These)17 b(lo)q(cations)g(hold)e(data)i(equiv)n(alen)o(t)f(to)g(that)h -(rep)q(orted)h(b)o(y)e Fx(APRID)p FE(.)278 1977 y(These)e(lo)q(cations)e(are) -i(readable)f(b)o(y)f(other)i(devices)f(via)f(device)i(status)f(requests)i(to) -e(addresses)278 2026 y(0{2,)g(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)0 2112 -y(323{327)131 b(These)20 b(lo)q(cations)d(\()p Fw(AM\045SY3==:323)p -FE(|)p Fw(AM\045SY7)o(==:32)o(7)p FE(\))f(are)i(readable)h(b)o(y)f(other)h -(pro)q(cessors)278 2162 y(via)d(device)h(status)g(requests)h(addressed)g(to)f -(lo)q(cations)e(3{7,)h(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)27 b(These)17 -b(are)g(used)278 2212 y(for)10 b(in)o(ter{pro)q(cessor)i(sync)o(hronization)e -(b)q(efore)h(the)g(memory)d(and)i(op)q(erating)g(system)g(are)g(fully)278 -2261 y(functional)j(\()p FC(x)q FE(3.10\).)0 2347 y(334{343)131 -b(These)15 b(lo)q(cations)f(are)g(reserv)o(ed)i(for)d(the)i(Macro)f(console.) -278 2415 y Fw(AM\045MBT==:334)39 b FE(Macro)14 b(console)g(state,)h(shared)g -(b)o(y)e Fy(TDBoot)h FE(and)g(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de:)299 2499 -y FC(\017)49 b Fw(MS\045VAL==:1)40 b FE(Macro)14 b(PC)g(is)g(v)n(alid.)299 -2565 y FC(\017)49 b Fw(MS\045RUN==:2)40 b FE(Macro)14 b(co)q(de)h(is)e -(running)h(\()p Fw(MS\045VAL)f FE(will)f(b)q(e)j(set\).)p eop -%%Page: 567 81 -567 80 bop 150 50 a Ft(F.1.)31 b(MEMA)15 b(SPECIFIC)f(LOCA)m(TIONS)1028 -b FE(567)449 195 y FC(\017)49 b Fw(MS\045UCA==:100000)39 b -FE(Micro{console)15 b(is)f(activ)o(e.)20 b(This)14 b(can)h(b)q(e)g(cleared)h -(b)o(y)e(the)h(macro)519 245 y(console.)449 311 y FC(\017)49 -b Fw(MS\045MCA==:200000)39 b FE(Macro{console)14 b(is)g(activ)o(e.)k(This)c -(is)f(cleared)i(b)o(y)f(PI)g(reset.)449 378 y FC(\017)49 b -Fw(MS\045MCE==:400000)39 b FE(Macro{console)18 b(is)f(enabled.)29 -b(\(This)18 b(\015ag)f(is)g(cleared)h(when)g(the)519 428 y(macro)i(console)g -(is)h(en)o(tered)h(and)e(it)g(is)h(set)g(when)g(the)g(macro)e(console)i -(completes)f(a)519 477 y(command;)9 b(if)h(the)h(macro)f(console)h(halts)f -(without)h(setting)g(this)f(\015ag,)h(the)g(macro)f(console)519 -527 y(is)k(disabled.\))428 611 y Fw(AM\045MFG==:335)39 b FE(Sa)o(v)o(ed)14 -b(macro)f(\015ags.)428 679 y Fw(AM\045MPC==:336)39 b FE(Sa)o(v)o(ed)14 -b(macro)f(PC.)428 747 y Fw(AM\045MEB==:337)39 b FE(Sa)o(v)o(ed)14 -b(macro)f(EBR.)428 815 y Fw(AM\045MUB==:340)39 b FE(Sa)o(v)o(ed)14 -b(macro)f(UBR.)428 882 y Fw(AM\045MPI==:341)39 b FE(Sa)o(v)o(ed)14 -b(macro)f(highest)h(priorit)o(y)f(lev)o(el)g(b)q(eing)h(held.)428 -950 y Fw(AM\045MCM==:342)39 b FE(P)o(oin)o(ter)14 b(to)g(the)g(macro)f -(console's)h(command)d(string)j(in)g(MemA.)428 1018 y Fw(AM\045MCS==:343)39 -b FE(Sa)o(v)o(ed)14 b(macro)f(CSB.)150 1103 y(500{507)131 b(This)18 -b(region,)h(whic)o(h)f(starts)h(at)f Fw(AM\045PFN==:500)e FE(is)i(used)h(to)f -(record)h(hard)f(page{fail)f(data.)428 1153 y(This)g(is)g(the)h(same)f -(information)d(as)j(is)g(stored)i(in)d(Executiv)o(e)j(Pro)q(cess)g(T)m(able)d -(lo)q(cation)h(500)428 1203 y(\()p Fw(UP.PFB)p FE(\).)c(Because)j(some)e -(hard)g(page{fail)f(situations)h(result)h(from)d(failure)i(to)g(access)i -(main)428 1253 y(memory)m(,)11 b(the)j(data)g(is)f(recorded)j(here)f(also.) -150 1338 y(500)215 b Fw(AM\045PFB==:500)53 b FE(Implemen)o(tation-sp)q -(eci\014c)12 b(hardw)o(are)i(page{fail)f(bits.)150 1424 y(501)215 -b Fw(AM\045PFD==:501)52 b FE(This)14 b(lo)q(cation)e(con)o(tains)i(data)f -(copied)g(out)h(of)e(the)i(pro)q(cessor's)h(\\D)e(to)h(D")428 -1474 y(latc)o(h.)33 b(This)18 b(information)e(ma)o(y)h(b)q(e)i(of)f(use)i(to) -f(engineers)h(in)e(trac)o(king)h(do)o(wn)f(the)h(precise)428 -1523 y(nature)f(of)e(the)h(page{failure.)26 b(This)17 b(is)f(the)i(same)e -(information)d(as)k(is)g(stored)h(in)e(Executiv)o(e)428 1573 -y(Pro)q(cess)g(T)m(able)d(lo)q(cation)g(501)g(\()p Fw(UP.PFD)p -FE(\).)150 1659 y(502{503)131 b Fw(AM\045PF0==:502)p FE(,)8 -b Fw(AM\045PF1==:503)49 b FE(Most)10 b(recen)o(t)i(page{fail)c(double)i(w)o -(ord.)16 b(This)10 b(is)g(the)h(same)428 1709 y(information)h(as)i(is)h -(stored)g(in)f(User)i(Pro)q(cess)g(T)m(able)e(lo)q(cations)g(502{503)f(\()p -Fw(UP.PF0)p FE(,)g Fw(UP.PF1)p FE(\),)428 1758 y(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)20 -b(Ho)o(w)o(ev)o(er,)14 b(while)g Fy(TDBoot)h FE(is)f(using)g(the)g(R)o -(OM{based)h(v)o(estigial)e(UPT,)h(this)428 1808 y(information)d(can)j(not)g -(b)q(e)g(written)h(in)e(memory)m(,)e(but)j(it)f(can)i(b)q(e)f(found)f(here.) -150 1894 y(504{505)131 b Fw(AM\045POF==:504)p FE(,)8 b Fw(AM\045POP==:505)48 -b FE(Flags)10 b(and)f(Con)o(text,)h(and)g(PC)g(of)f(the)h(most)f(recen)o(t)i -(page{)428 1944 y(fail)e(trap.)17 b(This)11 b(is)g(the)g(same)f(information)d -(as)k(is)g(stored)h(in)e(User)i(Pro)q(cess)g(T)m(able)e(or)h(Executiv)o(e)428 -1993 y(Pro)q(cess)k(T)m(able)d(lo)q(cations)g(505{506)f(\()p -Fw(UP.POF)p FE(,)g Fw(UP.POP)p FE(\),)h(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)18 -b(These)c(lo)q(cations)f(are)428 2043 y(used)h(b)o(y)f Fy(TDBoot)g -FE(while)f(using)h(the)h(R)o(OM{based)f(v)o(estigial)e(EPT/UPT.)j(\(These)g -(lo)q(cation)428 2093 y(are)g(used)h(regardless)g(of)f(whether)h(the)f(trap)g -(is)g(\\hard")g(or)f(\\soft".\))150 2179 y(506{507)131 b(Reserv)o(ed.)42 -b(These)23 b(lo)q(cations)e(corresp)q(ond)i(to)f(User)h(Pro)q(cess)g(T)m -(able)e(or)g(Executiv)o(e)i(Pro-)428 2228 y(cess)18 b(T)m(able)e(lo)q -(cations)f(506{507,)g(the)i(new)g(Flags)f(and)g(Con)o(text,)g(and)h(PC)f(w)o -(ords)h(\()p Fw(UP.PNF)p FE(,)428 2278 y Fw(UP.PNP)p FE(\),)12 -b(resp)q(ectiv)o(ely)m(.)150 2364 y(510-517)138 b Fw(AM\045PD0==:510)57 -b FE(This)18 b(blo)q(c)o(k)g(of)g(8)g(lo)q(cations)g(con)o(tains)g(implemen)o -(tati)o(on{sp)q(eci\014c)f(pager)428 2414 y(and)d(cac)o(he)h(diagnostic)e -(data.)150 2499 y(520-537)138 b Fw(AM\045PFI==:520)53 b FE(Cop)o(y)13 -b(of)h(500{517)e(at)i(I/O)f(P)o(age)h(F)m(ail.)150 2585 y(540-557)138 -b Fw(AM\045PFR==:540)53 b FE(Cop)o(y)13 b(of)h(500{517)e(at)i(R)o(OM{fallbac) -o(k)d(P)o(age)j(F)m(ail.)p eop -%%Page: 568 82 -568 81 bop 0 50 a FE(568)839 b Ft(APPENDIX)15 b(F.)27 b(XKL)1298 -46 y(-)1311 50 y(1)13 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)h(AR)o(CANA)0 195 y FE(560-577)138 -b Fw(AM\045PFC==:560)53 b FE(Cop)o(y)13 b(of)h(500{517)e(at)i -(Console{fallbac)o(k)e(P)o(age)h(F)m(ail.)0 281 y(1000{1777)89 -b Fw(AM\045PFL==:1000)39 b FE(This)9 b(is)g(the)h(page)f(fail)f(logging)f -(region,)j(whic)o(h)f(con)o(tains)g(1000)g(\()p Fw(PFL.SZ==:1000)p -FE(\))278 330 y(lo)q(cations.)17 b(The)11 b(\014rst)h(w)o(ord)f(con)o(tains)f -(a)h(coun)o(t)g(of)g(w)o(ords)g(in)f(use.)18 b(This)11 b(is)g(follo)o(w)o(ed) -e(b)o(y)i(logging)278 380 y(blo)q(c)o(ks.)18 b(The)d(\014rst)g(w)o(ord)e(of)h -(a)f(logging)f(blo)q(c)o(k)i(con)o(tains)g(a)f(blo)q(c)o(k)h(t)o(yp)q(e)h(in) -e(the)i(left{half)d(w)o(ord)278 430 y(and)i(the)g(blo)q(c)o(k)g(size)h(in)e -(the)h(righ)o(t{half)f(w)o(ord.)18 b(The)c(de\014ned)h(blo)q(c)o(k)e(t)o(yp)q -(es)i(are)299 512 y FC(\017)49 b Fw(PFL.CB==:1)40 b FE(A)16 -b(cac)o(he)g(blo)q(c)o(k.)24 b(Eac)o(h)16 b(en)o(try)g(is)g(three)h(w)o -(ords,)f(as)g(supplied)g(b)o(y)f Fx(DRD-)369 562 y(CSH)p FE(.)299 -625 y FC(\017)49 b Fw(PFL.PB==:2)40 b FE(A)9 b(pager)h(blo)q(c)o(k.)16 -b(Eac)o(h)9 b(en)o(try)h(is)g(three)g(w)o(ords,)g(as)f(supplied)h(b)o(y)f -Fx(DRDPTB)p FE(.)299 687 y FC(\017)49 b Fw(PFL.MB==:3)40 b -FE(A)14 b(memory)d(blo)q(c)o(k.)18 b(Eac)o(h)c(en)o(try)h(is)e(t)o(w)o(o)h(w) -o(ords,)f(a)h(BA)-5 b(W)14 b(and)g(data.)0 773 y(2033)194 b(Keep{Aliv)o(e)20 -b(coun)o(ter.)37 b(Set)20 b(from)e(the)i(v)n(alue)f(sp)q(eci\014ed)j(in)d -(the)h Fx(WRKP)m(A)e FE(instruction.)36 b(If)278 823 y(this)15 -b(cell)g(is)g(not)f(zero)i(when)g(the)f(16{bit)f(time{base)g(o)o(v)o(er\015o) -o(ws)h(\(appro)o(ximately)e(ev)o(ery)i(32.8)278 873 y(milliseconds,)f(while)g -(the)i(mac)o(hine)e(is)i(running\),)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)h(will)d(decremen)o -(t)i(the)g(v)n(alue)278 922 y(stored)d(here.)19 b(When)13 b(the)g(pro)q -(cessor)h(decremen)o(ts)f(this)g(cell)f(to)g(zero,)h(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(p)q -(erforms)278 972 y(a)g(Keep{Aliv)o(e)g(in)o(terrupt.)19 b(\(See)c -FC(x)p FE(3.8.3.\))0 1058 y(2053{2055)89 b(These)16 b(three)f(consecutiv)o(e) -h(lo)q(cations)d(con)o(tain)h(the)h(User)g(map)e(cac)o(he.)20 -b(This)14 b(data)g(is)g(used)h(to)278 1108 y(shorten)g(the)g(pager)f -(re\014ll)g(pro)q(cess.)20 b(Sp)q(eci\014cally)m(,)13 b(this)h(data)g(is)g -(the)g(section)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(of)f(last)278 1157 y(t)o(w)o(o)h(User)h -(Virtual)f(sections)h(for)f(whic)o(h)g(sucessful)h(re\014lls)f(ha)o(v)o(e)g -(b)q(een)h(done,)f(and)g(p)q(oin)o(ters)h(to)278 1207 y(the)h(page)f(maps)f -(for)h(those)h(sections.)23 b(On)15 b(eac)o(h)h(User)g(mo)q(de)e(page)h -(re\014ll,)g(if)f(virtual)h(address)278 1257 y(bits)20 b(6{17)e(matc)o(h)g -(the)i(either)g(of)f(the)h(v)n(alues)f(recorded)i(here,)h(the)e(re\014ll)f -(pro)q(cess)i(tak)o(es)f(a)278 1307 y(shortcut)e(to)f(the)g(giv)o(en)f(page)h -(map)e(and)i(p)q(ermissions.)26 b(This)16 b(data)h(is)g(cleared)g(b)o(y)g -Fx(WREBR)278 1357 y FE(and)d Fx(CLRPT)p FE(.)0 1442 y(2056-2060)96 -b(Three)15 b(consecutiv)o(e)g(lo)q(cations,)e(the)i(Executiv)o(e)g(map)d(cac) -o(he.)0 1614 y Fv(F.2)69 b(NVRAM)23 b(Sp)r(eci\014c)e(Lo)r(cations)0 -1740 y FE(The)14 b(follo)o(wing)e(are)i(some)f(of)g(the)i(parameters)f -(stored)g(in)g(NVRAM:)62 1858 y FC(\017)21 b FE(Device{sp)q(eci\014c)15 -b(initial)c(parameters.)18 b(A)13 b(blo)q(c)o(k)g(of)g(thirt)o(y{t)o(w)o(o)f -(\(40)h(o)q(ctal,)f Fw(NV\045DVS==:40)p FE(\))g(consecutiv)o(e)104 -1908 y(lo)q(cations)i(is)h(pro)o(vided)g(for)f(eac)o(h)i(device)g(on)e(the)i -(bac)o(kplane)f(bus.)21 b(F)m(or)15 b(eac)o(h)g(slot,)g(the)h(blo)q(c)o(k)e -(starts)i(at)104 1957 y(address)f Fu(S)r(l)q(ot)10 b FC(\002)g -FE(40.)17 b(Lo)q(cations)d(40{777)e(are)j(allo)q(cated)e(in)h(this)g(w)o(a)o -(y)m(.)104 2022 y(Among)h(other)i(things,)f(these)i(lo)q(cations)f(store)g -(the)g(system's)g(in)o(ternet)g(\(IP\))g(address)h(on)e(eac)o(h)h(of)f(the) -104 2072 y(net)o(w)o(orks)f(to)g(whic)o(h)g(it)g(is)g(connected,)i(and)e(the) -g(SCSI)g(device)h(iden)o(ti\014cation)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers)f(of)h(the)h(XRH) -1768 2068 y(-)1779 2072 y(1)104 2122 y(initiators.)0 2239 y(Because)g(there)f -(is)f(no)f(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)g(0,)f(lo)q(cations)g(0{37)g(are)h(used)h -(for)f(other)g(purp)q(oses:)62 2350 y FC(\017)21 b Fw(NV\045DVT==:0)55 -b FE(The)17 b(bus)f(con\014guration)g(region,)g(sixteen)h(lo)q(cations)e -(indexed)i(b)o(y)f(slot)f(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)24 b(One)104 2400 -y(b)o(yte)16 b(of)f(device{t)o(yp)q(e)i(information)12 b(is)k(stored)h(p)q -(er)f(slot.)23 b(Lo)q(cation)16 b(0)f(stores)i(the)f(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f -(of)g(this)104 2450 y(CPU)f(b)q(oard.)62 2529 y FC(\017)21 -b Fw(NV\045DLY==:21)51 b FE(The)12 b(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)g(seconds)j(to)d -(dela)o(y)h(in)f Fy(TDBoot)h FE(b)q(efore)h(attempting)d(to)i(b)q(ecome)f -(the)104 2579 y(master)16 b(pro)q(cessor)i(\(in)f(a)f(m)o(ultipro)q(cessor)g -(system\).)27 b(This)16 b(allo)o(ws)g(the)h(system)f(manager)g(to)g(bias)g -(the)104 2629 y(selection)e(in)g(fa)o(v)o(or)f(of)g(a)h(particular)f(pro)q -(cessor.)p eop -%%Page: 569 83 -569 82 bop 150 50 a Ft(F.3.)31 b(XKL)344 46 y(-)356 50 y(1)14 -b(BO)o(ARD)g(OPTION)h(JUMPERS)946 b FE(569)212 195 y FC(\017)21 -b Fw(NV\045BPM==:22)53 b FE(P)o(arameters)14 b(for)f Fy(TDBoot)p -FE(.)212 277 y FC(\017)21 b Fw(NV\045ATP==:23)53 b FE(P)o(arameters)14 -b(for)f(the)i(auxiliary)d(terminal)g(p)q(ort.)212 358 y FC(\017)21 -b Fw(NV\045ABD==:24)53 b FE(The)15 b(length)f(of)g(time,)e(in)i(seconds,)h -(to)f(dela)o(y)g(in)g Fy(TDBoot)g FE(prior)h(to)f(p)q(erforming)e(the)254 -408 y(automatic)g(b)q(o)q(ot)i(function.)212 490 y FC(\017)21 -b Fw(NV\045TZH==:25)49 b FE(The)10 b(lo)q(cal)g(time)e(zone,)j(expressed)i -(as)d(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)g(of)f(hours)i(east)f(of)g(GMT.)f(\(Lo)q(cations) -254 540 y(w)o(est)k(of)f(GMT)g(are)g(represen)o(ted)j(as)e(negativ)o(e)f(n)o -(um)o(b)q(ers.\))17 b(This)c(item,)e(along)g(with)h(the)h(next)g(t)o(w)o(o)e -(items,)254 590 y(a\013ect)g(ho)o(w)e Fy(TDBoot)i FE(con)o(v)o(erts)g(\\univ) -o(ersal)e(time")f(when)j(con)o(v)o(erting)f(it)f(to)h(a)g(h)o(uman{readable)e -(format.)212 671 y FC(\017)21 b Fw(NV\045TZM==:26)49 b FE(The)11 -b(min)o(utes)f(comp)q(onen)o(t)f(of)h(the)h(lo)q(cal)f(time)f(zone,)i(if)f -(needed)h(to)g(express)h(a)e(fractional)254 721 y(hour.)212 -803 y FC(\017)21 b Fw(NV\045DST==:27)55 b FE(This)15 b(v)n(alue)g(go)o(v)o -(erns)h Fy(TDBoot)p FE('s)g(understanding)g(of)f(Da)o(yligh)o(t)f(Sa)o(vings) -h(Time)f(and)254 852 y(ho)o(w)c(to)h(apply)f(it)g(to)h(the)h(con)o(v)o -(ersion)f(of)f(dates)h(and)g(times.)16 b(The)11 b(v)n(alue)g(0)f(\()p -Fw(.DSTAU)p FE(\))g(directs)i Fy(TDBoot)f FE(to)254 902 y(apply)i(da)o(yligh) -o(t)g(sa)o(vings)h(time)f(automatically)e(to)j(applicable)g(dates)h(in)f -(April)f(through)i(Octob)q(er.)21 b(The)254 952 y(v)n(alue)12 -b(1)g(\()p Fw(.DSTNV)p FE(\))g(means)f(to)i(apply)f(da)o(yligh)o(t)f(sa)o -(vings)h(time)f(nev)o(er,)i(and)g(the)g(v)n(alue)f(2)g(\()p -Fw(.DSTAL)p FE(\))g(means)254 1002 y(to)j(apply)f(da)o(yligh)o(t)g(sa)o -(vings)h(time)e(alw)o(a)o(ys.)21 b(The)16 b(latter)f(t)o(w)o(o)g(v)n(alues)g -(allo)o(w)e(for)i(the)h(man)o(ual)d(con)o(trol)i(of)254 1052 -y(da)o(yligh)o(t)d(sa)o(vings)i(time)e(when)i(the)h(automatic)d(algorithm)f -(do)q(es)k(not)f(corresp)q(ond)h(to)f(lo)q(cal)f(custom.)212 -1133 y FC(\017)21 b Fw(NV\045SOL==:30;)e(and)i(31)57 b FE(The)16 -b(v)n(alue)g(held)f(in)h(these)h(t)o(w)o(o)e(lo)q(cations)h(de\014ne)h(whic)o -(h)e(slots)h(ha)o(v)o(e)g(b)q(een)254 1183 y(declared)f(o\013{line.)i -Fy(TDBoot)e FE(will)d(not)i(attempt)f(to)h(test)h(or)f(use)h(a)f(device)h(in) -e(an)o(y)h(slot)g(that)g(has)g(b)q(een)254 1233 y(set)h(o\013{line.)150 -1349 y(Some)e(addresses)j(at)d(the)i(high)e(end)i(of)e(NVRAM)h(also)f(ha)o(v) -o(e)h(assigned)g(meanings:)212 1465 y FC(\017)21 b Fw(NV\045MA0==:17376)p -FE(,)16 b Fw(NV\045MA1==:17377)57 b FE(Tw)o(o)18 b(lo)q(cations)g(con)o -(taining)g(\\magic)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ers")i(to)g(signify)254 1515 -y(that)c(the)g(NVRAM)g(has)g(b)q(een)h(initialized)e(b)o(y)g -Fy(TDBoot)p FE(.)212 1597 y FC(\017)21 b Fw(NV\045BPA==:17500)55 -b FE(Default)15 b(path)i(names)e(for)h(the)h Fw(Boot)f FE(command.)22 -b(Sixt)o(y{four)15 b(lo)q(cations)h(are)h(al-)254 1646 y(lo)q(cated)e(for)f -(the)h(default)g(path)f(name)g(for)g(the)h Fw(Boot)f FE(command,)e(and)i(the) -i(default)e(path)h(name)e(for)h(the)254 1696 y Fw(Dump)f FE(command)e(\()p -Fw(NV\045NML==:100)p FE(\).)212 1778 y FC(\017)21 b Fw(NV\045DPA==:17600)52 -b FE(Default)13 b(path)h(name)f(for)g(the)i Fw(Dump)e FE(command.)212 -1859 y FC(\017)21 b Fw(NV\045UCR==:17700)52 b FE(Sixt)o(y{four)12 -b(lo)q(cations)h(reserv)o(ed)j(for)d(the)h(micro)q(co)q(de.)k(The)c(pro)q -(cessor)h(micro)q(co)q(de)254 1909 y(uses)e(lo)q(cation)e Fw -(NV\045FLG==:17777)d FE(to)k(determine)g(whether)h(the)f(NVRAM)g(battery)g -(is)g(functional)f(or)h(not.)150 2082 y Fv(F.3)69 b(XKL)465 -2077 y(-)486 2082 y(1)23 b(Board)h(Option)e(Jump)r(ers)150 -2208 y FE(There)d(are)f(three)h(sets)h(of)d(jump)q(ers.)29 -b(The)19 b(lo)q(cations)e(of)g(the)i(jump)q(ers)e(are)h(describ)q(ed)i -(assuming)c(a)i(normal)150 2258 y(orien)o(tation)13 b(of)g(the)i(CPU)f(b)q -(oard:)k(top)c(edge)g(up,)g(comp)q(onen)o(t)f(side)h(facing)f(y)o(ou.)150 -2344 y(Set)h(J1:)k(Bo)q(ot)c(R)o(OM)f(size.)19 b(These)14 b(jump)q(ers)f(are) -h(lo)q(cated)g(b)q(elo)o(w)f(the)h(leftmost)f(Bo)q(ot)g(R)o(OM.)g(There)i -(are)f(three)150 2394 y(pins,)e(n)o(um)o(b)q(ered)f(3,)h(2,)f(and)h(1,)f -(with)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(1)g(b)q(eing)h(at)g(the)g(righ)o(t.)17 -b(Connect)c(2{1)e(for)g(256K)h(R)o(OMs;)g(connect)150 2443 -y(3{2)j(for)h(512K)g(R)o(OMs.)24 b(This)16 b(is)g(man)o(ufactured)g(with)f(a) -h(soldered)h(wire,)f(b)q(ecause)i(the)f(c)o(hange)f(is)g(not)g(to)g(b)q(e)150 -2493 y(done)e(casually)m(.)150 2579 y(Set)h(J2:)20 b(Options.)g(These)c(are)e -(readable)h(b)o(y)g(the)g(pro)q(cessor)h(in)e(the)h Fx(APRID)e -FE(instruction.)21 b(J2)14 b(is)h(lo)q(cated)f(near)150 2629 -y(the)g(auxiliary)f(console)h(connector.)19 b(J2{0)14 b(is)f(at)h(the)h(top.) -p eop -%%Page: 570 84 -570 83 bop 0 50 a FE(570)839 b Ft(APPENDIX)15 b(F.)27 b(XKL)1298 -46 y(-)1311 50 y(1)13 b(PR)o(OCESSOR)h(AR)o(CANA)104 195 y -FE(J2{0,)f(if)g(installed,)g(is)g(in)o(terpreted)j(b)o(y)e(the)g(micro)q(co)q -(de)f(to)h(disable)g(the)g(macro{console.)62 262 y FC(\017)21 -b FE(J2{1,)13 b(reserv)o(ed.)62 328 y FC(\017)21 b FE(J2{2,)13 -b(reserv)o(ed.)62 394 y FC(\017)21 b FE(J2{3,)13 b(reserv)o(ed.)0 -521 y(Jump)q(er)k(J3:)26 b(Enable)17 b(automatic)f(restart)j(on)e(micro)q(co) -q(de)g(parit)o(y)g(error,)i(when)f(installed.)28 b(This)17 -b(jump)q(er)g(is)0 571 y(lo)q(cated)d(b)q(elo)o(w)g(the)g(R{Bus)g(connector)h -(\(the)g(diagnostic)e(connector\),)i(near)g(the)f(left)g(edge)g(of)g(the)g(b) -q(oard.)p eop -%%Page: 571 85 -571 84 bop 1888 50 a FE(571)150 542 y Fs(App)s(endix)34 b(G)150 -785 y FG(Non{existen)m(t)42 b(App)s(endices)150 1037 y FE(F)m(urther)16 -b(app)q(endices)h(p)q(ertaining)f(to)f(the)h(pro)q(cessors)i(built)d(b)o(y)h -(Digital)d(Equipmen)o(t)i(Corp)q(oration)g(ha)o(v)o(e)g(not)150 -1087 y(y)o(et)f(b)q(een)h(incorp)q(orated)g(in)e(this)h(man)o(ual.)150 -1172 y(These)h(v)o(estigal)e(sections)i(are)g(presen)o(t)g(to)f(satisfy)f -(textual)h(cross{reference)q(s.)150 1258 y(This)g(man)o(ual)d(con)o(tin)o -(ues)k(at)e(the)i(Glossary)m(.)150 1431 y Fv(G.1)69 b(Tim)o(ing)150 -1583 y(G.2)g(Pro)r(cessor)24 b(Op)r(eration)150 1734 y(G.3)69 -b(Handling)23 b(Memory)p eop -%%Page: 572 86 -572 85 bop 0 50 a FE(572)806 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(G.)27 b(NON{EXISTENT)15 -b(APPENDICES)p eop -%%Page: 573 87 -573 86 bop 1888 50 a FE(573)150 542 y Fs(App)s(endix)34 b(H)150 -785 y FG(Glossary)150 1037 y Fz(A)p FE(:)13 b(the)i(accum)o(ulator)d(\014eld) -i(of)f(a)h(instruction)g(w)o(ord.)150 1123 y(A)o(C:)f(an)h(accum)o(ulator)e -(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)i(in)f(the)i(range)f(0)f(to)h(17)1041 1129 -y Fp(8)1059 1123 y FE(.)150 1208 y(Address)f(Break:)18 b(a)11 -b(trap)h(that)g(o)q(ccurs)h(when)f(the)h(pro)q(cessor)g(references)i(the)d -(address)h(sp)q(eci\014ed)g(in)e(the)i(address)150 1258 y(break)h(register.) -150 1344 y(Address)i(F)m(ailure:)h(see)e(Address)g(Break.)150 -1429 y(AFI:)h(Address)i(F)m(ailure)d(Inhibit.)24 b(A)16 b(pro)q(cessor)i -(\015ag,)d(whic)o(h)h(when)h(set,)g(allo)o(ws)e(the)h(next)h(instruction)f -(to)g(b)q(e)150 1479 y(executed)d(without)e(an)f(an)h(address)i(break)e -(\(address)h(failure\))f(trap.)17 b(Customarily)m(,)9 b(this)i(\015ag)f(is)h -(set)h(b)o(y)f(a)g Fx(JRSTF)150 1529 y FE(or)16 b Fx(XJRSTF)f -FE(to)h(allo)o(w)f(an)h(instruction)g(that)g(previously)g(caused)h(an)f -(address)i(break)e(to)g(b)q(e)h(con)o(tin)o(ued)f(past.)150 -1579 y(This)e(\015ag)f(is)h(cleared)h(when)f(an)g(instruction)g(\(other)h -(than)e(a)h Fx(JRSTF)p FE(\))f(completes.)150 1664 y(Alignmen)o(t:)20 -b(in)15 b(a)h(b)o(yte,)g(the)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(of)h(bits)f(at)h(the)h -(left{end)e(of)h(the)g(w)o(ord)g(to)f(the)i(left)e(of)g(as)h(man)o(y)e(b)o -(ytes)150 1714 y(of)f(this)h(size)g(and)f(alignmen)o(t)f(that)h(can)h(b)q(e)g -(\014t)g(in)o(to)f(a)g(w)o(ord.)18 b(Mathematically)m(,)10 -b(\(36)e FC(\000)h Fu(P)d FE(\))11 b(mo)q(d)f Fu(S)r FE(,)k(where)h -Fu(P)k FE(is)150 1764 y(the)d(p)q(osition)f(of)g(the)i(b)o(yte)f(\(measured)f -(in)g(bits)h(to)g(the)g(righ)o(t)f(of)g(the)h(righ)o(t{most)e(bit)i(in)f(the) -h(b)o(yte\))g(and)g Fu(S)i FE(is)150 1814 y(the)c(b)o(yte)h(size.)150 -1899 y(APR:)e(the)i(Arithmetic)e(Pro)q(cessor.)20 b(In)14 b(the)g(KL10)g(and) -g(earlier)g(systems,)f(the)i(device)f(address)i(of)d(the)150 -1985 y(BA)-5 b(W:)16 b(Bus)h(Address)h(W)m(ord.)24 b(A)16 b(36{bit)f(quan)o -(tit)o(y)g(that)h(sp)q(eci\014es)i(a)e(slot)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er,)f(an)h(in{mo)q -(dule)e(address,)150 2034 y(and)g(whether)h(to)f(address)h(the)f(slot)g(as)g -(a)g(device)g(or)g(as)g(a)g(memory)m(.)150 2120 y(CA)o(C:)f(Curren)o(t)i(con) -o(text)g(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(k.)j(The)e(A)o(C)e(blo)q(c)o(k)h(in)f(use)i(b)o(y) -f(the)g(program)f(that)g(is)h(curren)o(tly)h(executing.)150 -2206 y(CD:)j(Carrier)h(Detect.)34 b(A)19 b(signal)f(from)f(a)h(DCE)h(to)f(a)h -(DTE)g(signifying)e(that)h(a)h(connection)g(b)q(et)o(w)o(een)h(t)o(w)o(o)150 -2255 y(mo)q(dems)12 b(has)i(b)q(een)h(establised.)150 2341 -y(CSB:)f(CST)f(Base)i(Register.)j(This)c(register)h(con)o(tains)f(the)g(ph)o -(ysical)f(address)i(\(P)m(A)-5 b(W\))14 b(of)f(the)i(CST)e(and)h(a)f(\015ag) -150 2391 y(to)h(determine)g(whether)h(or)f(not)f(the)i(CST)f(is)g(cac)o -(heable.)150 2476 y(CST:)e(Core)g(\(memory\))e(Status)j(T)m(able.)k(An)12 -b(arra)o(y)m(,)g(consisting)g(of)g(one)g(w)o(ord)g(for)g(eac)o(h)h(page)f(of) -g(ph)o(ysical)g(mem-)150 2526 y(ory)m(,)h(indexed)g(b)o(y)h(the)g(LPN.)f(The) -h(CST)f(con)o(tains)h(suc)o(h)g(data)f(as)h(the)g(page)f(age,)g(page)h -(state,)g(the)g(cac)o(heabilit)o(y)150 2576 y(of)f(the)i(page,)e(and)h -(whether)h(the)g(page)e(has)h(b)q(een)i(mo)q(di\014ed)c(since)j(last)e(read)i -(from)d(disk)i(in)o(to)f(memory)m(.)p eop -%%Page: 574 88 -574 87 bop 0 50 a FE(574)1202 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(H.)28 b(GLOSSAR)m(Y)0 -195 y FE(CSTM:)13 b(CST)h(Mask)g(W)m(ord.)0 281 y(CTY:)h(Console)h(T)m(elet)o -(yp)q(e.)24 b(No)o(w)16 b(the)g(console)g(terminal,)e(or)i(the)g(auxiliary)e -(console)i(terminal,)e(or)i(the)g(com-)0 330 y(m)o(unication)c(p)q(ort)i -(through)g(whic)o(h)g(either)g(is)g(connected.)0 416 y(DCE:)i(Data)g(Comm)o -(unicati)o(ons)e(Equipmen)o(t.)25 b(A)17 b(mo)q(dem,)e(or)h(a)h(device)g -(wired)g(as)g(a)f(mo)q(dem.)24 b(Con)o(trast)17 b(to)0 466 -y(DTE,)c(to)h(whic)o(h)g(a)f(DCE)h(connects.)0 551 y(DTE:)g(Data)f(T)m -(erminal)f(Equipmen)o(t.)17 b(A)d(terminal,)e(computer,)i(or)g(other)g -(device)h(wired)g(as)f(a)f(terminal.)k(Con-)0 601 y(trast)g(to)f(DCE,)g(to)g -(whic)o(h)g(a)g(DTE)g(connects.)27 b(T)m(o)15 b(connect)j(t)o(w)o(o)e(DTEs)g -(together,)i(e.g.,)d(a)h(computer)g(and)g(a)0 651 y(terminal,)c(a)h(cable)h -(wired)g(as)g(a)g(\\n)o(ull)f(mo)q(dem")e(is)j(required.)0 -737 y(DTR:)g(Data)h(T)m(erminal)e(Ready)m(.)21 b(A)15 b(signal)g(from)e(a)i -(DTE)g(to)g(a)g(DCE)h(signifying)d(that)i(the)h(DTE)f(is)g(ready)h(to)0 -786 y(comm)o(unicate.)0 872 y Fz(E)5 b FE(:)14 b(E\013ectiv)o(e)h(Address.)0 -958 y(EA:)f(E\013ectiv)o(e)h(Address.)0 1043 y(EBR:)f(Executiv)o(e)g(Base)h -(Register.)k(This)14 b(con)o(tains)f(the)i(address)g(\(a)f(P)m(A)-5 -b(W\))14 b(of)f(the)h(EPT.)0 1129 y(E\013ectiv)o(e)h(Address:)21 -b(The)15 b(n)o(umeric)e(result)i(of)f(a)g(computation)e(p)q(erformed)i(for)g -(ev)o(ery)h(instruction;)f(the)h(result)0 1178 y(ma)o(y)d(b)q(e)i(used)h(as)f -(a)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(\(in)h(an)f(immediate)e(instruction\),)j(as)g(a)g -(shift)f(factor,)h(or)f(as)h(a)g(memory)d(address.)0 1264 y(EPT:)k(Executiv)o -(e)h(Pro)q(cess)h(T)m(able.)k(A)15 b(data)g(structure)i(that)e(describ)q(es)i -(the)f(Executiv)o(e)g(address{space,)h(trap)0 1314 y(w)o(ords)d(for)g(the)g -(Executiv)o(e,)h(etc.)0 1399 y(Flags:)i(individual)12 b(bits)i(that)g -(represen)o(t)i(the)f(state)g(and)e(previous)i(condition)e(of)g(the)i -(program.)0 1485 y(In)o(terrupt:)26 b(an)17 b(async)o(hronous)h(break)g(in)e -(the)i(usual)f(\015o)o(w)g(of)g(a)g(program's)e(execution.)29 -b(P)o(eripheral)18 b(devices)0 1535 y(cause)e(in)o(terrupts)h(when)e(they)h -(need)g(atten)o(tion)f(from)f(the)i(Monitor.)21 b(The)16 b(in)o(terv)n(al)e -(timer)g(causes)j(in)o(terrupts)0 1585 y(so)d(the)g(Monitor)g(can)g(obtain)f -(con)o(trol,)g(p)q(erio)q(dically)m(,)f(from)g(compute{b)q(ound)i(programs.)0 -1670 y(Linear)g(P)o(age)g(Num)o(b)q(er:)j(A)d(n)o(umeric)f(index)h(b)o(y)g -(whic)o(h)g(eac)o(h)g(page)g(of)f(memory)f(can)i(b)q(e)g(iden)o(ti\014ed.)0 -1756 y(LPN:)g(Linear)g(P)o(age)f(Num)o(b)q(er.)0 1841 y(LSB:)h(Least)g -(Signi\014can)o(t)f(Bit.)18 b(The)d(righ)o(tmost)d(bit)i(in)f(an)h -(arithmetic)e(op)q(erand.)0 1927 y(LUUOs:)26 b(Lo)q(cal)17 -b(unimplemen)o(ted)f(user)i(op)q(eration.)29 b(An)18 b(op)q(eration)f(co)q -(de,)i(not)e(implemen)o(ted)f(b)o(y)h(the)h(pro-)0 1977 y(cessor,)j(but)f -(reserv)o(ed)h(for)d(user{con)o(trolled)i(program)d(traps.)34 -b(An)19 b(LUUO)h(is,)g(in)e(e\013ect,)k(another)d(kind)g(of)0 -2026 y(subroutine)c(call.)0 2112 y(Mass{Storage)g(Con)o(trol)f(Blo)q(c)o(k:) -20 b(A)14 b(data)h(structure)i(b)o(y)d(whic)o(h)h(the)g(system)f(soft)o(w)o -(are)h(comm)o(unicates)e(to)h(the)0 2162 y(XRH)95 2158 y(-)107 -2162 y(1)f(and)h(vice{v)o(ersa.)0 2247 y(MCB:)f(Message)h(Con)o(trol)e(Blo)q -(c)o(k.)18 b(A)13 b(data)g(structure)i(b)o(y)d(whic)o(h)h(the)h(system)f -(soft)o(w)o(are)g(comm)o(uni)o(cates)f(to)g(the)0 2297 y(XNI)79 -2293 y(-)91 2297 y(1)i(and)f(vice{v)o(ersa.)0 2383 y(MemA:)g(pro)q(cessor)i -(priv)n(ate)f(memory)m(.)h(These)g(lo)q(cations)f(include)g(the)g(accum)o -(ulator)f(blo)q(c)o(ks.)0 2468 y(MSB:)g(Most)f(Signi\014can)o(t)g(Bit.)18 -b(The)13 b(leftmost)e(bit)h(in)g(an)g(arithmetic)g(op)q(erand)h(that)f -(di\013ers)i(from)c(the)k(sign)e(bit.)0 2554 y(MSCB:)i(Mass{Storage)g(Con)o -(trol)f(Blo)q(c)o(k.)p eop -%%Page: 575 89 -575 88 bop 1888 50 a FE(575)150 195 y(MUUO:)20 b(Monitor)g(unimplemen)o(ted)e -(user)j(op)q(eration:)30 b(an)20 b(instruction)g(co)q(de)h(that)f(causes)h(a) -f(trap)g(to)g(the)150 245 y(Monitor,)13 b(b)q(ecause)j(either)e(a)g(Monitor)f -(call)g(w)o(as)h(in)o(tended)h(or)e(the)i(program)d(has)i(blundered.)150 -330 y(XNI)229 326 y(-)241 330 y(1:)k(The)c(net)o(w)o(ork)g(in)o(terface.)150 -416 y(No{op:)23 b(No)17 b(op)q(eration.)26 b(An)17 b(instruction)g(that)g -(has)g(no)g(o)o(v)o(ert)g(e\013ect.)28 b(Note)17 b(that)g(some)f(suc)o(h)h -(instructions)150 466 y(ha)o(v)o(e)c(side)h(e\013ects)i(that)d(ma)o(y)f(b)q -(e)i(signi\014can)o(t.)k(F)m(or)13 b(example,)f Fx(SKIP)g FE(reads)i(memory)d -(and)j Fx(MO)o(VES)e FE(b)q(oth)i(reads)150 516 y(and)g(writes)g(memory)m(.) -150 601 y(NVRAM:)19 b(Non{V)m(olatile)e(Random)g(Access)k(Memory)m(.)33 -b(A)19 b(RAM)g(that)g(remem)o(b)q(ers)g(data)g(ev)o(en)h(when)f(the)150 -651 y(p)q(o)o(w)o(er)14 b(is)g(turned)h(o\013.)150 737 y(P)m(A)o(C:)h -(Previous)i(con)o(text)g(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o(k.)27 b(The)18 b(A)o(C)f(blo)q(c)o -(k)g(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)f(used)i(b)o(y)f(the)h(previous)f(con)o(text)h(program.) -150 786 y(This)f(is)h(where)g(the)g(target)g(of)f(a)g Fx(PX)o(CT)f -FE(instruction)i(will)e(lo)q(ok)g(for)h(data)g(when)h(an)f(A)o(C)g(is)h -(addressed)h(as)e(a)150 836 y(memory)11 b(op)q(erand.)150 922 -y(P)o(age{F)m(ailure:)22 b(an)17 b(exception)g(condition)f(during)g(the)h -(execution)h(of)e(an)g(instruction.)26 b(Most)17 b(often)g(a)f(page{)150 -972 y(failure)g(represen)o(ts)j(an)d(inabilit)o(y)e(to)i(translate)h(a)f -(virtual)g(address)i(to)e(a)g(ph)o(ysical)g(address.)27 b(P)o(age{failure)15 -b(is)150 1021 y(also)e(used)i(to)f(signal)f(other)h(problems)f(and)h -(conditions.)150 1107 y(P)m(A)-5 b(W:)14 b(P)o(age)g(Address)i(W)m(ord.)j(A)c -(Bus)g(Address)h(W)m(ord)e(shifted)h(righ)o(t)e(b)o(y)i(9)f(bits.)20 -b(It)14 b(sp)q(eci\014es)i(a)e(slot)h(n)o(um)o(b)q(er)150 1157 -y(and)f(an)f(in{mo)q(dule)f(page)i(n)o(um)o(b)q(er.)150 1242 -y(PC:)g(Program)e(Coun)o(ter.)19 b(The)14 b(lo)q(cation)f(\(an)h(address\))h -(of)e(the)i(next)f(instruction)g(to)g(execute.)150 1328 y(PCS:)f(Previous)i -(Con)o(text)f(Section.)k(The)c(section)g(in)g(whic)o(h)f(the)h(previous)h -(con)o(text)f(program)e(w)o(as)i(op)q(erating.)150 1378 y(This)19 -b(is)f(v)n(alue)g(is)h(supplied)f(for)h(the)g(section)g(when)h(the)f(target)g -(of)f(a)g Fx(PX)o(CT)g FE(instruction)h(sp)q(eci\014es)h(a)f(lo)q(cal)150 -1428 y(address.)150 1513 y(PCU:)f(Previous)g(Con)o(text)g(User.)30 -b(This)18 b(\015ag)f(bit,)h(set)g(in)g(an)f(exec)i(mo)q(de)d(PC,)i -(signi\014es)g(that)f(the)i(previous)150 1563 y(con)o(text)c(w)o(as)e(user)i -(mo)q(de.)i(The)e(setting)f(of)f(this)h(bit)g(a\013ects)h(the)f(op)q(eration) -g(of)g Fx(PX)o(CT)p FE(.)150 1648 y(PI:)g(Priorit)o(y)f(In)o(terrupt.)150 -1734 y(PTB:)f(P)o(age)f(T)m(ranslation)f(Bu\013er.)19 b(A)11 -b(t)o(w)o(o{w)o(a)o(y)g(asso)q(ciativ)o(e)g(memory)e(b)o(y)i(whic)o(h)h(the)g -(pager)g(translates)g(virtual)150 1784 y(addresses)k(to)e(ph)o(ysical)f -(addresses.)150 1869 y(PUR:)g(Pro)q(cess)j(Use)f(Register.)150 -1955 y(RAM:)e(Random)f(Access)k(Memory)m(.)150 2040 y(RI:)d(Ring)g(Indicate.) -18 b(A)c(signal)f(from)f(a)i(DCE)f(to)h(a)g(DTE)f(signifying)g(that)g(the)i -(telephone)g(is)f(ringing.)150 2126 y(R)m(TS:)f(Request)h(to)g(Send.)150 -2212 y(SCSI:)c(Small)f(Computer)h(System)g(In)o(terface)i(a)e(standard)h -(that)g(sp)q(eci\014es)i(the)e(electrical)g(and)g(command)d(format)150 -2261 y(in)o(terfaces)15 b(for)e(p)q(eripheral)i(devices.)150 -2347 y(Section:)j(A)13 b(256)f(Kw)h(\(512)f(page\))h(region)g(of)f(memory)f -(iden)o(ti\014ed)i(b)o(y)g(a)f(constan)o(t)i(v)n(alue)e(in)g(address)i(bits)f -(6{17.)150 2397 y(A)j(section)g(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(ph)o(ysical,)f(in)g(whic)o -(h)h(case)h(the)f(address)h(bits)e(referred)j(to)d(are)h(ph)o(ysical)g -(address)g(bits.)24 b(A)150 2447 y(section)15 b(ma)o(y)e(b)q(e)i(virtual,)e -(with)h(the)h(addresses)h(b)q(eing)f(virtual.)j(In)d(the)g(unextended)h(pro)q -(cessors,)g(the)f(virtual)150 2496 y(address)h(space)h(of)d(an)o(y)h(pro)q -(cess)i(is)e(limited)e(to)i(one)g(section,)h(section)g(zero,)g(in)e(whic)o(h) -i(the)f(address)i(bits)e(6{17)150 2546 y(are)f(all)f(zero.)p -eop -%%Page: 576 90 -576 89 bop 0 50 a FE(576)1202 b Ft(APPENDIX)14 b(H.)28 b(GLOSSAR)m(Y)0 -195 y FE(Sup)q(ersection:)c(A)15 b(XKL)401 191 y(-)414 195 -y(1{sp)q(eci\014c)h(division)f(of)g(the)h(virtual)f(address)i(space,)g(in)o -(to)e(regions)h(of)f(512)g(sections,)0 245 y(in)e(whic)o(h)h(address)i(bits)e -(6{8)f(are)h(held)g(constan)o(t.)19 b(A)o(t)14 b(the)g(presen)o(t)i(time,)c -(op)q(erating)i(system)g(soft)o(w)o(are)g(on)f(the)0 295 y(XKL)91 -291 y(-)103 295 y(1)h(supp)q(orts)h(only)e(sup)q(ersection)j(zero,)e(in)g -(whic)o(h)f(address)j(bits)e(6{8)f(are)h(zero.)0 380 y(SPB:)g(SPT)g(Base)h -(Register.)k(This)13 b(con)o(tains)h(the)h(ph)o(ysical)e(address)i(\(a)f(BA) --5 b(W\))14 b(for)g(the)g(SPT.)0 466 y(SPT:)c(Sp)q(ecial)g(P)o(age{Address)i -(T)m(able.)k(Eac)o(h)11 b(en)o(try)g(in)e(this)i(table)f(con)o(tains)g(a)g(P) -m(A)-5 b(W)10 b(that)h(sp)q(eci\014es)h(the)f(address)0 516 -y(of)i(a)h(page)g(table.)k(SPT)c(en)o(tries)h(are)f(used)h(in)e(the)i(ev)n -(aluation)d(of)h(shared)i(and)f(indirect)g(page)g(p)q(oin)o(ters.)0 -601 y(T)m(rap:)19 b(A)c(sync)o(hronous)h(break)f(in)g(the)g(usual)g(\015o)o -(w)f(of)g(a)h(a)f(program's)f(execution.)22 b(T)m(raps)15 b(are)g(used)h(to)e -(detect)0 651 y(arithmetic)k(o)o(v)o(er\015o)o(w)i(and)f(stac)o(k)h(o)o(v)o -(er\015o)o(w)f(conditions.)35 b(Unimplem)o(en)o(ted)18 b(instructions)i(are)g -(also)f(said)g(to)0 701 y(\\trap",)13 b(whic)o(h)h(means)f(they)h(are)h -(executed)g(as)f(MUUOs.)0 786 y(UAR)m(T:)h(Univ)o(ersal)g(Async)o(hronous)i -(Receiv)o(er)g(and)f(T)m(ransmitter.)23 b(A)16 b(device)h(that)f(translates)g -(c)o(haracters)i(to)0 836 y(serial)10 b(data)g(for)f(transmission)g(and)h -(that)g(assem)o(bles)g(serial)g(data)f(in)o(to)h(c)o(haracters)h(for)f -(reception.)18 b(The)10 b(in)o(terface)0 886 y(to)k(a)f(serial)h(line.)0 -972 y(UBR:)f(User)j(Base)e(Register.)19 b(This)14 b(con)o(tains)f(the)i -(address)g(\(a)f(P)m(A)-5 b(W\))14 b(of)f(the)i(UPT.)0 1057 -y(UPT:)g(User)i(Pro)q(cess)h(T)m(able.)k(A)16 b(data)f(structure)j(that)d -(describ)q(es)j(the)e(user)h(address{space,)g(trap)f(lo)q(cations,)0 -1107 y(page{fail)c(handlers,)i(etc.)0 1193 y(XRH)95 1189 y(-)107 -1193 y(1:)j(The)e(SCSI)f(IO)g(in)o(terface.)p eop -%%Page: 577 91 -577 90 bop 150 50 a Ft(Index)14 b(of)g(Instructions)1360 b -FE(577)150 433 y FG(Index)40 b(of)g(Instructions)150 640 y -Fw(ADD)p FE(,)13 b(63)150 690 y Fw(ADDB)p FE(,)g(63)150 740 -y Fw(ADDI)p FE(,)g(63)150 790 y Fw(ADDM)p FE(,)g(63)150 840 -y Fw(ADJBP)p FE(,)f(148)150 889 y Fw(ADJSP)p FE(,)g(141)150 -939 y Fw(AMOVE)p FE(,)g(234)150 989 y Fw(AMOVEM)p FE(,)g(234)150 -1039 y Fw(AND)p FE(,)h(88)150 1089 y Fw(ANDB)p FE(,)g(88)150 -1139 y Fw(ANDCA)p FE(,)f(89)150 1188 y Fw(ANDCAB)p FE(,)g(89)150 -1238 y Fw(ANDCAI)p FE(,)g(89)150 1288 y Fw(ANDCAM)p FE(,)g(89)150 -1338 y Fw(ANDCB)p FE(,)g(91)150 1388 y Fw(ANDCBB)p FE(,)g(91)150 -1437 y Fw(ANDCBI)p FE(,)g(91)150 1487 y Fw(ANDCBM)p FE(,)g(91)150 -1537 y Fw(ANDCM)p FE(,)g(89)150 1587 y Fw(ANDCMB)p FE(,)g(89)150 -1637 y Fw(ANDCMI)p FE(,)g(89)150 1686 y Fw(ANDCMM)p FE(,)g(89)150 -1736 y Fw(ANDI)p FE(,)h(88)150 1786 y Fw(ANDM)p FE(,)g(88)150 -1836 y Fw(AOBJN)p FE(,)f(98)150 1886 y Fw(AOBJP)p FE(,)g(97)150 -1936 y Fw(AOJ)p FE(,)h(100)150 1985 y Fw(AOJA)p FE(,)g(100)150 -2035 y Fw(AOJE)p FE(,)g(100)150 2085 y Fw(AOJG)p FE(,)g(100)150 -2135 y Fw(AOJGE)p FE(,)f(100)150 2185 y Fw(AOJL)p FE(,)h(100)150 -2234 y Fw(AOJLE)p FE(,)f(100)150 2284 y Fw(AOJN)p FE(,)h(100)150 -2334 y Fw(AOS)p FE(,)g(101)150 2384 y Fw(AOSA)p FE(,)g(101)150 -2434 y Fw(AOSE)p FE(,)g(101)150 2484 y Fw(AOSG)p FE(,)g(101)150 -2533 y Fw(AOSGE)p FE(,)f(101)150 2583 y Fw(AOSL)p FE(,)h(101)1123 -640 y Fw(AOSLE)p FE(,)f(101)1123 690 y Fw(AOSN)p FE(,)g(101)1123 -740 y Fw(APRID)p FE(,)g(288,)h(382,)f(431)1123 790 y Fw(ASH)p -FE(,)g(96)1123 840 y Fw(ASHC)p FE(,)g(97)1123 931 y Fw(BCIO)p -FE(,)g(189)1123 981 y Fw(BCIOB)p FE(,)g(190)1123 1031 y Fw(BLKI)p -FE(,)g(193)1123 1080 y Fw(BLKO)p FE(,)g(193)1123 1130 y Fw(BLT)p -FE(,)g(58)1123 1180 y Fw(BSIO)p FE(,)g(189)1123 1230 y Fw(BSIOB)p -FE(,)g(190)1123 1321 y Fw(CAI)p FE(,)g(98)1123 1371 y Fw(CAIA)p -FE(,)g(98)1123 1421 y Fw(CAIE)p FE(,)g(98)1123 1471 y Fw(CAIG)p -FE(,)g(98)1123 1520 y Fw(CAIGE)p FE(,)g(98)1123 1570 y Fw(CAIL)p -FE(,)g(98)1123 1620 y Fw(CAILE)p FE(,)g(98)1123 1670 y Fw(CAIN)p -FE(,)g(98)1123 1720 y Fw(CAM)p FE(,)g(99)1123 1770 y Fw(CAMA)p -FE(,)g(99)1123 1819 y Fw(CAME)p FE(,)g(99)1123 1869 y Fw(CAMG)p -FE(,)g(99)1123 1919 y Fw(CAMGE)p FE(,)g(99)1123 1969 y Fw(CAML)p -FE(,)g(99)1123 2019 y Fw(CAMLE)p FE(,)g(99)1123 2068 y Fw(CAMN)p -FE(,)g(99)1123 2118 y Fw(CLRPT)p FE(,)g(266,)h(385,)f(433)1123 -2168 y Fw(CMPSE)p FE(,)g(156)1123 2218 y Fw(CMPSG)p FE(,)g(156)1123 -2268 y Fw(CMPSGE)p FE(,)g(156)1123 2317 y Fw(CMPSL)p FE(,)g(156)1123 -2367 y Fw(CMPSLE)p FE(,)g(156)1123 2417 y Fw(CMPSN)p FE(,)g(156)1123 -2467 y Fw(CONI)p FE(,)g(192)1123 2517 y Fw(CONI)21 b(APR,)p -FE(,)12 b(401,)h(458,)f(479)1123 2567 y Fw(CONI)21 b(CLK,)p -FE(,)12 b(484)1123 2616 y Fw(CONI)21 b(MTR,)p FE(,)12 b(393)p -eop -%%Page: 578 92 -578 91 bop 0 50 a FE(578)1358 b Ft(Index)15 b(of)e(Instructions)0 -195 y Fw(CONI)21 b(PAG,)p FE(,)13 b(383,)f(469)0 245 y Fw(CONI)21 -b(PI,)p FE(,)13 b(350,)f(455,)h(476)0 295 y Fw(CONI)21 b(TIM,)p -FE(,)13 b(394)0 345 y Fw(CONO)p FE(,)g(192)0 394 y Fw(CONO)21 -b(APR,)p FE(,)13 b(401,)f(457,)h(478)0 444 y Fw(CONO)21 b(CLK,)p -FE(,)13 b(484)0 494 y Fw(CONO)21 b(PAG,)p FE(,)13 b(383,)f(469)0 -544 y Fw(CONO)21 b(PI,)p FE(,)13 b(349,)f(453,)h(476)0 594 -y Fw(CONO)21 b(TIM,)p FE(,)13 b(393)0 643 y Fw(CONSO)p FE(,)f(193)0 -693 y Fw(CONSZ)p FE(,)g(193)0 743 y Fw(CVTBDO)p FE(,)g(158)0 -793 y Fw(CVTBDT)p FE(,)g(158)0 843 y Fw(CVTDBO)p FE(,)g(160)0 -892 y Fw(CVTDBT)p FE(,)g(160)0 984 y Fw(DADD)p FE(,)h(66)0 -1034 y Fw(DATAI)p FE(,)f(193)0 1083 y Fw(DATAI)21 b(APR,)p -FE(,)12 b(391,)h(448)0 1133 y Fw(DATAI)21 b(CLK,)p FE(,)12 -b(485)0 1183 y Fw(DATAI)21 b(PAG,)p FE(,)12 b(384,)h(469)0 -1233 y Fw(DATAO)p FE(,)f(192)0 1283 y Fw(DATAO)21 b(APR,)p -FE(,)12 b(390,)h(460,)g(482)0 1333 y Fw(DATAO)21 b(CLK,)p FE(,)12 -b(485)0 1382 y Fw(DATAO)21 b(PAG,)p FE(,)12 b(384,)h(468)0 -1432 y Fw(DATAO)21 b(PI,)p FE(,)13 b(449)0 1482 y Fw(DATAO)21 -b(PTR,)p FE(,)12 b(449)0 1532 y Fw(DDIV)p FE(,)h(67)0 1582 -y Fw(DFAD)p FE(,)g(81)0 1631 y Fw(DFDV)p FE(,)g(82)0 1681 y -Fw(DFMP)p FE(,)g(81)0 1731 y Fw(DFN)p FE(,)g(85)0 1781 y Fw(DFSB)p -FE(,)g(81)0 1831 y Fw(DGFLTR)p FE(,)f(74)0 1880 y Fw(DIV)p -FE(,)h(65)0 1930 y Fw(DIVB)p FE(,)g(65)0 1980 y Fw(DIVI)p FE(,)g(65)0 -2030 y Fw(DIVM)p FE(,)g(65)0 2080 y Fw(DMOVE)p FE(,)f(57)0 -2130 y Fw(DMOVEM)p FE(,)g(57)0 2179 y Fw(DMOVN)p FE(,)g(57)0 -2229 y Fw(DMOVNM)p FE(,)g(57)0 2279 y Fw(DMUL)p FE(,)h(67)0 -2329 y Fw(DPB)p FE(,)g(146)0 2379 y Fw(DRDCSH)p FE(,)f(231)0 -2428 y Fw(DRDPTB)p FE(,)g(243)0 2478 y Fw(DSUB)p FE(,)h(66)0 -2528 y Fw(DWRCSH)p FE(,)f(232)0 2578 y Fw(DWRPTB)p FE(,)g(241)973 -195 y Fw(EDIT)p FE(,)g(165)973 245 y Fw(EQV)p FE(,)g(91)973 -295 y Fw(EQVB)p FE(,)g(91)973 345 y Fw(EQVI)p FE(,)g(91)973 -394 y Fw(EQVM)p FE(,)g(91)973 444 y Fw(EXCH)p FE(,)g(53)973 -494 y Fw(EXTEND)p FE(,)g(35,)h(51)973 585 y Fw(FAD)p FE(,)f(78)973 -635 y Fw(FADB)p FE(,)g(78)973 685 y Fw(FADL)p FE(,)g(86)973 -735 y Fw(FADM)p FE(,)g(78)973 785 y Fw(FADR)p FE(,)g(76)973 -834 y Fw(FADRB)p FE(,)g(76)973 884 y Fw(FADRI)p FE(,)g(76)973 -934 y Fw(FADRM)p FE(,)g(76)973 984 y Fw(FDV)p FE(,)g(80)973 -1034 y Fw(FDVB)p FE(,)g(80)973 1083 y Fw(FDVL)p FE(,)g(87)973 -1133 y Fw(FDVM)p FE(,)g(80)973 1183 y Fw(FDVR)p FE(,)g(77)973 -1233 y Fw(FDVRB)p FE(,)g(77)973 1283 y Fw(FDVRI)p FE(,)g(77)973 -1333 y Fw(FDVRM)p FE(,)g(77)973 1382 y Fw(FIX)p FE(,)g(71)973 -1432 y Fw(FIXR)p FE(,)g(72)973 1482 y Fw(FLTR)p FE(,)g(74)973 -1532 y Fw(FMP)p FE(,)g(79)973 1582 y Fw(FMPB)p FE(,)g(79)973 -1631 y Fw(FMPL)p FE(,)g(86)973 1681 y Fw(FMPM)p FE(,)g(79)973 -1731 y Fw(FMPR)p FE(,)g(77)973 1781 y Fw(FMPRB)p FE(,)g(77)973 -1831 y Fw(FMPRI)p FE(,)g(77)973 1880 y Fw(FMPRM)p FE(,)g(77)973 -1930 y Fw(FSB)p FE(,)g(79)973 1980 y Fw(FSBB)p FE(,)g(79)973 -2030 y Fw(FSBL)p FE(,)g(86)973 2080 y Fw(FSBM)p FE(,)g(79)973 -2130 y Fw(FSBR)p FE(,)g(77)973 2179 y Fw(FSBRB)p FE(,)g(77)973 -2229 y Fw(FSBRI)p FE(,)g(77)973 2279 y Fw(FSBRM)p FE(,)g(77)973 -2329 y Fw(FSC)p FE(,)g(69)973 2420 y Fw(GDBLE)p FE(,)g(75)973 -2470 y Fw(GDFIX)p FE(,)g(72)973 2520 y Fw(GDFIXR)p FE(,)g(73)973 -2570 y Fw(GFAD)p FE(,)g(83)973 2619 y Fw(GFDV)p FE(,)g(84)p -eop -%%Page: 579 93 -579 92 bop 150 50 a Ft(Index)14 b(of)g(Instructions)1360 b -FE(579)150 195 y Fw(GFIX)p FE(,)13 b(71)150 245 y Fw(GFIXR)p -FE(,)f(73)150 295 y Fw(GFLTR)p FE(,)g(74)150 345 y Fw(GFMP)p -FE(,)h(83)150 394 y Fw(GFSB)p FE(,)g(83)150 444 y Fw(GFSC)p -FE(,)g(70)150 494 y Fw(GSNGL)p FE(,)f(75)150 585 y Fw(HALT)p -FE(,)h(127,)f(131)150 635 y Fw(HALTRM)p FE(,)g(128)150 685 -y Fw(HLL)p FE(,)h(111)150 735 y Fw(HLLE)p FE(,)g(113)150 785 -y Fw(HLLEI)p FE(,)f(113)150 834 y Fw(HLLEM)p FE(,)g(113)150 -884 y Fw(HLLES)p FE(,)g(113)150 934 y Fw(HLLI)p FE(,)h(111)150 -984 y Fw(HLLM)p FE(,)g(111)150 1034 y Fw(HLLO)p FE(,)g(112)150 -1083 y Fw(HLLOI)p FE(,)f(112)150 1133 y Fw(HLLOM)p FE(,)g(112)150 -1183 y Fw(HLLOS)p FE(,)g(112)150 1233 y Fw(HLLS)p FE(,)h(111)150 -1283 y Fw(HLLZ)p FE(,)g(112)150 1333 y Fw(HLLZI)p FE(,)f(112)150 -1382 y Fw(HLLZM)p FE(,)g(112)150 1432 y Fw(HLLZS)p FE(,)g(112)150 -1482 y Fw(HLR)p FE(,)h(116)150 1532 y Fw(HLRE)p FE(,)g(117)150 -1582 y Fw(HLREI)p FE(,)f(117)150 1631 y Fw(HLREM)p FE(,)g(117)150 -1681 y Fw(HLRES)p FE(,)g(117)150 1731 y Fw(HLRI)p FE(,)h(116)150 -1781 y Fw(HLRM)p FE(,)g(116)150 1831 y Fw(HLRO)p FE(,)g(116)150 -1880 y Fw(HLROI)p FE(,)f(116)150 1930 y Fw(HLROM)p FE(,)g(116)150 -1980 y Fw(HLROS)p FE(,)g(116)150 2030 y Fw(HLRS)p FE(,)h(116)150 -2080 y Fw(HLRZ)p FE(,)g(116)150 2130 y Fw(HLRZI)p FE(,)f(116)150 -2179 y Fw(HLRZM)p FE(,)g(116)150 2229 y Fw(HLRZS)p FE(,)g(116)150 -2279 y Fw(HRL)p FE(,)h(113)150 2329 y Fw(HRLE)p FE(,)g(114)150 -2379 y Fw(HRLEI)p FE(,)f(114)150 2428 y Fw(HRLEM)p FE(,)g(114)150 -2478 y Fw(HRLES)p FE(,)g(114)150 2528 y Fw(HRLI)p FE(,)h(113)150 -2578 y Fw(HRLM)p FE(,)g(113)150 2628 y Fw(HRLO)p FE(,)g(114)1123 -195 y Fw(HRLOI)p FE(,)f(114)1123 245 y Fw(HRLOM)p FE(,)g(114)1123 -295 y Fw(HRLOS)p FE(,)g(114)1123 345 y Fw(HRLS)p FE(,)g(113)1123 -394 y Fw(HRLZ)p FE(,)g(113)1123 444 y Fw(HRLZI)p FE(,)g(113)1123 -494 y Fw(HRLZM)p FE(,)g(113)1123 544 y Fw(HRLZS)p FE(,)g(113)1123 -594 y Fw(HRR)p FE(,)g(114)1123 643 y Fw(HRRE)p FE(,)g(115)1123 -693 y Fw(HRREI)p FE(,)g(115)1123 743 y Fw(HRREM)p FE(,)g(115)1123 -793 y Fw(HRRES)p FE(,)g(115)1123 843 y Fw(HRRI)p FE(,)g(114)1123 -892 y Fw(HRRM)p FE(,)g(114)1123 942 y Fw(HRRO)p FE(,)g(115)1123 -992 y Fw(HRROI)p FE(,)g(115)1123 1042 y Fw(HRROM)p FE(,)g(115)1123 -1092 y Fw(HRROS)p FE(,)g(115)1123 1142 y Fw(HRRS)p FE(,)g(114)1123 -1191 y Fw(HRRZ)p FE(,)g(115)1123 1241 y Fw(HRRZI)p FE(,)g(115)1123 -1291 y Fw(HRRZM)p FE(,)g(115)1123 1341 y Fw(HRRZS)p FE(,)g(115)1123 -1432 y Fw(IBP)p FE(,)g(147)1123 1482 y Fw(IDIV)p FE(,)g(65)1123 -1532 y Fw(IDIVB)p FE(,)g(65)1123 1582 y Fw(IDIVI)p FE(,)g(65)1123 -1631 y Fw(IDIVM)p FE(,)g(65)1123 1681 y Fw(IDPB)p FE(,)g(147)1123 -1731 y Fw(ILDB)p FE(,)g(147)1123 1781 y Fw(IMUL)p FE(,)g(64)1123 -1831 y Fw(IMULB)p FE(,)g(64)1123 1880 y Fw(IMULI)p FE(,)g(64)1123 -1930 y Fw(IMULM)p FE(,)g(64)1123 1980 y Fw(IOR)p FE(,)g(91)1123 -2030 y Fw(IORB)p FE(,)g(91)1123 2080 y Fw(IORI)p FE(,)g(91)1123 -2130 y Fw(IORM)p FE(,)g(91)1123 2221 y Fw(JCRY)p FE(,)g(121)1123 -2271 y Fw(JCRY0)p FE(,)g(121)1123 2320 y Fw(JCRY1)p FE(,)g(121)1123 -2370 y Fw(JEN)p FE(,)g(128,)h(131)1123 2420 y Fw(JFCL)p FE(,)f(120)1123 -2470 y Fw(JFFO)p FE(,)g(120)1123 2520 y Fw(JFOV)p FE(,)g(121)1123 -2570 y Fw(JOV)p FE(,)g(121)1123 2619 y Fw(JRA)p FE(,)g(134)p -eop -%%Page: 580 94 -580 93 bop 0 50 a FE(580)1358 b Ft(Index)15 b(of)e(Instructions)0 -195 y Fw(JRST)p FE(,)g(126,)f(129)0 245 y Fw(JRSTF)p FE(,)g(126,)h(131)0 -295 y Fw(JSA)p FE(,)g(133)0 345 y Fw(JSP)p FE(,)g(131)0 394 -y Fw(JSR)p FE(,)g(131)0 444 y Fw(JUMP)p FE(,)g(99)0 494 y Fw(JUMPA)p -FE(,)f(99)0 544 y Fw(JUMPE)p FE(,)g(99)0 594 y Fw(JUMPG)p FE(,)g(99)0 -643 y Fw(JUMPGE)p FE(,)g(99)0 693 y Fw(JUMPL)p FE(,)g(99)0 -743 y Fw(JUMPLE)p FE(,)g(99)0 793 y Fw(JUMPN)p FE(,)g(99)0 -878 y Fw(LDB)p FE(,)h(146)0 928 y Fw(LDLPN)p FE(,)f(268)0 978 -y Fw(LSH)p FE(,)h(96)0 1028 y Fw(LSHC)p FE(,)g(96)0 1077 y -Fw(LUUO)p FE(,)g(182)0 1163 y Fw(MAP)p FE(,)g(271,)f(365,)h(380,)g(418,)f -(430,)h(470)0 1213 y Fw(MOVE)p FE(,)g(54)0 1262 y Fw(MOVEI)p -FE(,)f(54)0 1312 y Fw(MOVEM)p FE(,)g(54)0 1362 y Fw(MOVES)p -FE(,)g(54)0 1412 y Fw(MOVM)p FE(,)h(55)0 1462 y Fw(MOVMI)p -FE(,)f(55)0 1511 y Fw(MOVMM)p FE(,)g(55)0 1561 y Fw(MOVMS)p -FE(,)g(55)0 1611 y Fw(MOVN)p FE(,)h(55)0 1661 y Fw(MOVNI)p -FE(,)f(55)0 1711 y Fw(MOVNM)p FE(,)g(55)0 1761 y Fw(MOVNS)p -FE(,)g(55)0 1810 y Fw(MOVS)p FE(,)h(54)0 1860 y Fw(MOVSI)p -FE(,)f(54)0 1910 y Fw(MOVSLJ)p FE(,)g(151)0 1960 y Fw(MOVSM)p -FE(,)g(54)0 2010 y Fw(MOVSO)p FE(,)g(152)0 2059 y Fw(MOVSRJ)p -FE(,)g(155)0 2109 y Fw(MOVSS)p FE(,)g(54)0 2159 y Fw(MOVST)p -FE(,)g(153)0 2209 y Fw(MUL)p FE(,)h(64)0 2259 y Fw(MULB)p FE(,)g(64)0 -2308 y Fw(MULI)p FE(,)g(64)0 2358 y Fw(MULM)p FE(,)g(64)0 2408 -y Fw(MUUO)p FE(,)g(182)0 2493 y Fw(NMOVE)p FE(,)f(235)0 2543 -y Fw(NMOVEM)p FE(,)g(235)0 2629 y Fw(OR)p FE(,)h(91)973 195 -y Fw(ORBB)p FE(,)f(91)973 245 y Fw(ORCA)p FE(,)g(92)973 295 -y Fw(ORCAB)p FE(,)g(92)973 345 y Fw(ORCAI)p FE(,)g(92)973 394 -y Fw(ORCAM)p FE(,)g(92)973 444 y Fw(ORCB)p FE(,)g(93)973 494 -y Fw(ORCBB)p FE(,)g(93)973 544 y Fw(ORCBI)p FE(,)g(93)973 594 -y Fw(ORCBM)p FE(,)g(93)973 643 y Fw(ORCM)p FE(,)g(93)973 693 -y Fw(ORCMB)p FE(,)g(93)973 743 y Fw(ORCMI)p FE(,)g(93)973 793 -y Fw(ORCMM)p FE(,)g(93)973 843 y Fw(ORI)p FE(,)g(91)973 892 -y Fw(ORM)p FE(,)g(91)973 984 y Fw(PMOVE)p FE(,)g(204)973 1034 -y Fw(PMOVEM)p FE(,)g(205)973 1083 y Fw(POP)p FE(,)g(139)973 -1133 y Fw(POPJ)p FE(,)g(140)973 1183 y Fw(PORTAL)p FE(,)g(126,)g(131)973 -1233 y Fw(PUSH)p FE(,)g(138)973 1283 y Fw(PUSHJ)p FE(,)g(139)973 -1333 y Fw(PXCT)p FE(,)g(272,)h(273,)f(386,)h(435,)g(471)973 -1424 y Fw(RCTRLF)p FE(,)f(287)973 1474 y Fw(RDADB)p FE(,)g(278)973 -1523 y Fw(RDAPR)p FE(,)g(283,)h(443)973 1573 y Fw(RDCFG)p FE(,)f(268)973 -1623 y Fw(RDCSB)p FE(,)g(267,)h(433)973 1673 y Fw(RDCSTM)p -FE(,)f(267,)g(434)973 1723 y Fw(RDCTX)p FE(,)g(266)973 1773 -y Fw(RDCTY)p FE(,)g(212)973 1822 y Fw(RDCTYS)p FE(,)g(212)973 -1872 y Fw(RDEACT)p FE(,)g(395)973 1922 y Fw(RDEBR)p FE(,)g(264,)h(432)973 -1972 y Fw(RDERA)p FE(,)f(403)973 2022 y Fw(RDHSB)p FE(,)g(441)973 -2071 y Fw(RDINT)p FE(,)g(440)973 2121 y Fw(RDIO)p FE(,)g(189)973 -2171 y Fw(RDIOB)p FE(,)g(190)973 2221 y Fw(RDITM)p FE(,)g(280)973 -2271 y Fw(RDMACT)p FE(,)g(395)973 2320 y Fw(RDPERF)p FE(,)g(398)973 -2370 y Fw(RDPI)p FE(,)g(224,)h(409)973 2420 y Fw(RDPUR)p FE(,)f(268,)h(434) -973 2470 y Fw(RDSPB)p FE(,)f(266,)h(433)973 2520 y Fw(RDTIM)p -FE(,)f(439)973 2570 y Fw(RDTIME)p FE(,)g(281,)g(393)973 2619 -y Fw(RDUBR)p FE(,)g(265,)h(433)p eop -%%Page: 581 95 -581 94 bop 150 50 a Ft(Index)14 b(of)g(Instructions)1360 b -FE(581)150 195 y Fw(ROT)p FE(,)13 b(96)150 245 y Fw(ROTC)p -FE(,)g(96)150 295 y Fw(RSW)p FE(,)g(448)150 386 y Fw(SBDIAG)p -FE(,)f(405)150 436 y Fw(SETA)p FE(,)h(90)150 486 y Fw(SETAB)p -FE(,)f(90)150 535 y Fw(SETAI)p FE(,)g(90)150 585 y Fw(SETAM)p -FE(,)g(90)150 635 y Fw(SETCA)p FE(,)g(92)150 685 y Fw(SETCAB)p -FE(,)g(92)150 735 y Fw(SETCAI)p FE(,)g(92)150 785 y Fw(SETCAM)p -FE(,)g(92)150 834 y Fw(SETCM)p FE(,)g(92)150 884 y Fw(SETCMB)p -FE(,)g(92)150 934 y Fw(SETCMI)p FE(,)g(92)150 984 y Fw(SETCMM)p -FE(,)g(92)150 1034 y Fw(SETM)p FE(,)h(89)150 1083 y Fw(SETMB)p -FE(,)f(89)150 1133 y Fw(SETMI)p FE(,)g(89)150 1183 y Fw(SETMM)p -FE(,)g(89)150 1233 y Fw(SETO)p FE(,)h(93)150 1283 y Fw(SETOB)p -FE(,)f(93)150 1333 y Fw(SETOI)p FE(,)g(93)150 1382 y Fw(SETOM)p -FE(,)g(93)150 1432 y Fw(SETZ)p FE(,)h(88)150 1482 y Fw(SETZB)p -FE(,)f(88)150 1532 y Fw(SETZI)p FE(,)g(88)150 1582 y Fw(SETZM)p -FE(,)g(88)150 1631 y Fw(SFM)p FE(,)h(128)150 1681 y Fw(SIMIRD)p -FE(,)f(225)150 1731 y Fw(SKIP)p FE(,)h(100)150 1781 y Fw(SKIPA)p -FE(,)f(100)150 1831 y Fw(SKIPE)p FE(,)g(100)150 1880 y Fw(SKIPG)p -FE(,)g(100)150 1930 y Fw(SKIPGE)p FE(,)g(100)150 1980 y Fw(SKIPL)p -FE(,)g(100)150 2030 y Fw(SKIPLE)p FE(,)g(100)150 2080 y Fw(SKIPN)p -FE(,)g(100)150 2130 y Fw(SNAPR)p FE(,)g(285)150 2179 y Fw(SNCTYS)p -FE(,)g(213)150 2229 y Fw(SNPI)p FE(,)h(224)150 2279 y Fw(SOJ)p -FE(,)g(101)150 2329 y Fw(SOJA)p FE(,)g(101)150 2379 y Fw(SOJE)p -FE(,)g(101)150 2428 y Fw(SOJG)p FE(,)g(101)150 2478 y Fw(SOJGE)p -FE(,)f(101)150 2528 y Fw(SOJL)p FE(,)h(101)150 2578 y Fw(SOJLE)p -FE(,)f(101)150 2628 y Fw(SOJN)p FE(,)h(101)1123 195 y Fw(SOS)p -FE(,)f(102)1123 245 y Fw(SOSA)p FE(,)g(102)1123 295 y Fw(SOSE)p -FE(,)g(102)1123 345 y Fw(SOSG)p FE(,)g(102)1123 394 y Fw(SOSGE)p -FE(,)g(102)1123 444 y Fw(SOSL)p FE(,)g(102)1123 494 y Fw(SOSLE)p -FE(,)g(102)1123 544 y Fw(SOSN)p FE(,)g(102)1123 594 y Fw(SUB)p -FE(,)g(63)1123 643 y Fw(SUBB)p FE(,)g(63)1123 693 y Fw(SUBI)p -FE(,)g(63)1123 743 y Fw(SUBM)p FE(,)g(63)1123 793 y Fw(SWPIA)p -FE(,)g(229,)h(355)1123 843 y Fw(SWPIO)p FE(,)f(229,)h(355)1123 -892 y Fw(SWPUA)p FE(,)f(230,)h(355)1123 942 y Fw(SWPUO)p FE(,)f(230,)h(356) -1123 992 y Fw(SWPVA)p FE(,)f(229,)h(355)1123 1042 y Fw(SWPVO)p -FE(,)f(230,)h(355)1123 1092 y Fw(SYSID)p FE(,)f(289)1123 1142 -y Fw(SZAPR)p FE(,)g(284)1123 1191 y Fw(SZCTYS)p FE(,)g(213)1123 -1241 y Fw(SZPI)p FE(,)g(224)1123 1333 y Fw(TDC)p FE(,)g(107)1123 -1382 y Fw(TDCA)p FE(,)g(107)1123 1432 y Fw(TDCE)p FE(,)g(107)1123 -1482 y Fw(TDCN)p FE(,)g(107)1123 1532 y Fw(TDN)p FE(,)g(107)1123 -1582 y Fw(TDNA)p FE(,)g(107)1123 1631 y Fw(TDNE)p FE(,)g(107)1123 -1681 y Fw(TDNN)p FE(,)g(107)1123 1731 y Fw(TDO)p FE(,)g(108)1123 -1781 y Fw(TDOA)p FE(,)g(108)1123 1831 y Fw(TDOE)p FE(,)g(108)1123 -1880 y Fw(TDON)p FE(,)g(108)1123 1930 y Fw(TDZ)p FE(,)g(107)1123 -1980 y Fw(TDZA)p FE(,)g(107)1123 2030 y Fw(TDZE)p FE(,)g(107)1123 -2080 y Fw(TDZN)p FE(,)g(107)1123 2130 y Fw(TIOE)p FE(,)g(189)1123 -2179 y Fw(TIOEB)p FE(,)g(190)1123 2229 y Fw(TION)p FE(,)g(189)1123 -2279 y Fw(TIONB)p FE(,)g(190)1123 2329 y Fw(TLC)p FE(,)g(106)1123 -2379 y Fw(TLCA)p FE(,)g(106)1123 2428 y Fw(TLCE)p FE(,)g(106)1123 -2478 y Fw(TLCN)p FE(,)g(106)1123 2528 y Fw(TLN)p FE(,)g(105)1123 -2578 y Fw(TLNA)p FE(,)g(105)1123 2628 y Fw(TLNE)p FE(,)g(105)p -eop -%%Page: 582 96 -582 95 bop 0 50 a FE(582)1358 b Ft(Index)15 b(of)e(Instructions)0 -195 y Fw(TLNN)p FE(,)g(105)0 245 y Fw(TLO)p FE(,)g(106)0 295 -y Fw(TLOA)p FE(,)g(106)0 345 y Fw(TLOE)p FE(,)g(106)0 394 y -Fw(TLON)p FE(,)g(106)0 444 y Fw(TLZ)p FE(,)g(106)0 494 y Fw(TLZA)p -FE(,)g(106)0 544 y Fw(TLZE)p FE(,)g(106)0 594 y Fw(TLZN)p FE(,)g(106)0 -643 y Fw(TRC)p FE(,)g(105)0 693 y Fw(TRCA)p FE(,)g(105)0 743 -y Fw(TRCE)p FE(,)g(105)0 793 y Fw(TRCN)p FE(,)g(105)0 843 y -Fw(TRN)p FE(,)g(104)0 892 y Fw(TRNA)p FE(,)g(104)0 942 y Fw(TRNE)p -FE(,)g(104)0 992 y Fw(TRNN)p FE(,)g(104)0 1042 y Fw(TRO)p FE(,)g(105)0 -1092 y Fw(TROA)p FE(,)g(105)0 1142 y Fw(TROE)p FE(,)g(105)0 -1191 y Fw(TRON)p FE(,)g(105)0 1241 y Fw(TRZ)p FE(,)g(104)0 -1291 y Fw(TRZA)p FE(,)g(104)0 1341 y Fw(TRZE)p FE(,)g(104)0 -1391 y Fw(TRZN)p FE(,)g(104)0 1440 y Fw(TSC)p FE(,)g(109)0 -1490 y Fw(TSCA)p FE(,)g(109)0 1540 y Fw(TSCE)p FE(,)g(109)0 -1590 y Fw(TSCN)p FE(,)g(109)0 1640 y Fw(TSN)p FE(,)g(108)0 -1689 y Fw(TSNA)p FE(,)g(108)0 1739 y Fw(TSNE)p FE(,)g(108)0 -1789 y Fw(TSNN)p FE(,)g(108)0 1839 y Fw(TSO)p FE(,)g(109)0 -1889 y Fw(TSOA)p FE(,)g(109)0 1939 y Fw(TSOE)p FE(,)g(109)0 -1988 y Fw(TSON)p FE(,)g(109)0 2038 y Fw(TSZ)p FE(,)g(108)0 -2088 y Fw(TSZA)p FE(,)g(108)0 2138 y Fw(TSZE)p FE(,)g(108)0 -2188 y Fw(TSZN)p FE(,)g(108)0 2279 y Fw(UFA)p FE(,)g(85)0 2329 -y Fw(UMOVE)p FE(,)f(276,)h(437)0 2379 y Fw(UMOVEM)p FE(,)f(276,)h(437)0 -2470 y Fw(WCTRLF)p FE(,)f(285)0 2520 y Fw(WRADB)p FE(,)g(276)0 -2570 y Fw(WRAPR)p FE(,)g(282,)h(442)0 2619 y Fw(WRCSB)p FE(,)f(266,)h(433)973 -195 y Fw(WRCSTM)p FE(,)f(267,)g(434)973 245 y Fw(WRCTX)p FE(,)g(265)973 -295 y Fw(WRCTY)p FE(,)g(212)973 345 y Fw(WRCTYS)p FE(,)g(212)973 -394 y Fw(WREBR)p FE(,)g(263,)h(431)973 444 y Fw(WRFIL)p FE(,)f(357)973 -494 y Fw(WRHSB)p FE(,)g(441)973 544 y Fw(WRINT)p FE(,)g(439)973 -594 y Fw(WRIO)p FE(,)g(189)973 643 y Fw(WRIOB)p FE(,)g(190)973 -693 y Fw(WRITM)p FE(,)g(279)973 743 y Fw(WRKPA)p FE(,)g(282)973 -793 y Fw(WRPAE)p FE(,)g(397)973 843 y Fw(WRPI)p FE(,)g(223,)h(409)973 -892 y Fw(WRPUR)p FE(,)f(267,)h(434)973 942 y Fw(WRSPB)p FE(,)f(266,)h(433)973 -992 y Fw(WRTIM)p FE(,)f(439)973 1042 y Fw(WRTIME)p FE(,)g(281,)g(392)973 -1092 y Fw(WRUBR)p FE(,)g(264,)h(432)973 1183 y Fw(XBLT)p FE(,)f(61)973 -1233 y Fw(XCT)p FE(,)g(119)973 1283 y Fw(XHLLI)p FE(,)g(118)973 -1333 y Fw(XJEN)p FE(,)g(127)973 1382 y Fw(XJRST)p FE(,)g(129)973 -1432 y Fw(XJRSTF)p FE(,)g(127)973 1482 y Fw(XJRSTP)p FE(,)g(128)973 -1532 y Fw(XMOVEI)p FE(,)g(56,)h(89)973 1582 y Fw(XOR)p FE(,)f(90)973 -1631 y Fw(XORB)p FE(,)g(90)973 1681 y Fw(XORI)p FE(,)g(90)973 -1731 y Fw(XORM)p FE(,)g(90)973 1781 y Fw(XPCW)p FE(,)g(128)973 -1831 y Fw(XSFM)p FE(,)g(128)p eop -%%Page: 583 97 -583 96 bop 150 50 a Ft(Index)1637 b FE(583)150 433 y FG(Index)150 -640 y FE(Accept)16 b(an)d(In)o(terrupt,)i(219)150 690 y(Address)h(Break,)e -(276)150 740 y(Address)i(F)m(ailure)d(Inhibit,)f(277)150 790 -y(Address)k(W)m(ord,)c(40)150 840 y(Address,)j(E\013ectiv)o(e,)g(36)150 -889 y(AFI,)f(277)150 939 y(Alignmen)o(t)233 989 y(Byte,)g(145)150 -1039 y(APR,)f(282,)g(401,)g(457,)f(478)150 1089 y(APR)d(Error)h(Conditions,)f -(In)o(terrupt)i(Con)o(trol)d(Blo)q(c)o(k,)316 1139 y(220)150 -1188 y(Arithmetic)13 b(Pro)q(cessor)j(\(APR\),)e(282)150 1238 -y(Arithmetic)f(Shift,)g(94)150 1288 y(Arithmetic)g(T)m(esting,)g(97)150 -1338 y(ASCI)q(I)h(Characters,)h(499)150 1429 y(Bac)o(kplane)f(Bus,)g(198)150 -1479 y(Bad)g(Bus)h(Cycle,)e(222)150 1529 y(BA)-5 b(W,)14 b(203,)f(230,)f(266) -150 1579 y(Binary)i(to)f(Decimal)f(Con)o(v)o(ersion,)i(158)150 -1628 y(Bo)q(olean)g(F)m(unctions,)f(87)150 1678 y(Bo)q(ot)h(R)o(OM,)f(269)150 -1728 y(Bus)i(Address)g(W)m(ord,)e Fz(se)n(e)k FE(BA)-5 b(W)150 -1778 y(Bus)15 b(Busy)m(,)e(257)150 1828 y(Bus)i(Cycle)f(T)o(yp)q(es,)g(200) -150 1877 y(Bus)h(P)o(arit)o(y)e(Error)i(0,)e(221)150 1927 y(Bus)i(P)o(arit)o -(y)e(Error)i(1,)e(222)150 1977 y(Bus)i(PF)m(ail,)d(203)150 -2027 y(Bus)j(Reset,)f(203)150 2077 y(Bus)h(Timeout,)d(204,)g(257)150 -2127 y(Bus)j(T)m(ransaction,)e(198)150 2176 y(Byte)i(Alignmen)o(t,)c(145)150 -2226 y(Byte)k(Manipulation,)c(143)150 2276 y(Byte)k(P)o(oin)o(ter)233 -2326 y(One{w)o(ord)f(global,)e(144)233 2376 y(One{w)o(ord)i(lo)q(cal,)f(143) -233 2425 y(Tw)o(o{w)o(ord,)g(144)150 2517 y(CA)o(C,)g(272)150 -2567 y(Cac)o(he,)h(226)233 2616 y(Data)f(P)o(arit)o(y)h(Error,)g(222,)e(231) -1206 640 y(Mo)q(di\014ed)i(Bit,)f(231)1206 690 y(Select)i(Bit,)e(231)1206 -740 y(T)m(ag)g(Address,)i(231)1206 790 y(T)m(ag)e(P)o(arit)o(y)g(Error,)h -(222,)f(231)1206 840 y(V)m(alid)f(Bit,)i(231)1123 889 y(Cac)o(he)g(Line)g -(Order)h(Scram)o(bled,)d(221)1123 939 y(Cac)o(he)i(Sw)o(eep,)g(228)1123 -989 y(Carry)g(0)f(\015ag,)g(62)1123 1039 y(Carry)h(1)f(\015ag,)g(62)1123 -1089 y(CCA,)g(354)1123 1139 y(Character)i(Represen)o(tation,)f(ASCI)q(I)g(Co) -q(de,)g(499)1123 1188 y(CLK,)f(483)1123 1238 y(Comparison)f(Instructions,)i -(98)1123 1288 y(Console,)f(207)1123 1338 y(Console)g(P)o(ort,)h(Auxiliary)m -(,)e(214)1123 1388 y(Console)h(T)m(erminal,)e(211)1123 1437 -y(Console)19 b(T)m(erminal,)f(In)o(terrupt)i(Con)o(trol)f(Blo)q(c)o(ks,)1289 -1487 y(220)1123 1537 y(Console{fallbac)o(k)12 b(P)o(age)i(F)m(ail,)d(262)1123 -1587 y(Con)o(text)j(Switc)o(h,)f(244)1123 1637 y(Core)h(Status)g(T)m(able,)f -Fz(se)n(e)k FE(CST)1123 1686 y(CSB,)c(246,)g(266)1123 1736 -y(CST,)g(246,)g(266,)f(373)1123 1828 y(Data)h(Represen)o(tation,)h(ASCI)q(I)g -(Characters,)h(499)1123 1877 y(Decimal)c(to)j(Binary)g(Con)o(v)o(ersion,)f -(158)1123 1927 y(Device)i(\(subsystem\),)g(In)o(terrupt)h(Con)o(trol)e(Blo)q -(c)o(k,)1289 1977 y(220)1123 2027 y(Device,)g(In)o(ternal,)f(217)1123 -2077 y(Dismiss)f(In)o(terrupt,)j(220)1123 2168 y(EBR)1206 2218 -y(XKL)1297 2214 y(-)1309 2218 y(1,)e(237,)g(244,)f(263,)h(264)1206 -2268 y(KL10,)g(383)1206 2317 y(XKL)1297 2313 y(-)1309 2317 -y(1,)g(240)1123 2367 y(E\013ectiv)o(e{Address,)j(36)1123 2417 -y(EPT)1206 2467 y(XKL)1297 2463 y(-)1309 2467 y(1,)d(219,)g(237,)f(254,)h -(269,)g(278)1206 2517 y(KL10,)g(359,)f(361,)h(366,)g(369,)f(370,)h(376,)g -(383)1206 2567 y(KS10,)g(415,)g(421)1123 2616 y(Executiv)o(e)h(Base)h -(Register,)f Fz(se)n(e)j FE(EBR)p eop -%%Page: 584 98 -584 97 bop 0 50 a FE(584)1636 b Ft(Index)0 195 y FE(Executiv)o(e)15 -b(Pro)q(cess)h(T)m(able,)c Fz(se)n(e)17 b FE(EPT)0 245 y(EXTEND)d -(instruction,)g(35,)f(46,)g(51)0 295 y(Extended)i(Instructions,)g(35,)e(51)0 -345 y(Extended)i(Range)f(\(G\))f(Floating{P)o(oin)o(t,)f(32)0 -436 y(FIF)o(O,)i(222)0 486 y(FIF)o(O)g(full,)e(221)0 535 y(FIF)o(O)i(not)g -(empt)o(y)m(,)e(221)0 585 y(Fixed{P)o(oin)o(t)h(Arithmetic,)g(62)0 -635 y(Fixed{P)o(oin)o(t)g(Num)o(b)q(ers,)g(29)0 685 y(Flag{PC)g(Double)g(W)m -(ord,)g(121)0 735 y(Floating{P)o(oin)o(t)83 785 y(Extended)i(Range,)e(32)83 -834 y(Num)o(b)q(ers,)g(31)83 884 y(Op)q(erations,)h(67)0 934 -y(F)m(ull{W)m(ord)e(Instructions,)i(53)0 1025 y(G{F)m(ormat)e(\(Extended)j -(Range\))f(Floating{P)o(oin)o(t,)166 1075 y(32)0 1125 y(Global)e(A)o(C)i -(Address,)h(43)0 1175 y(Global)d(Indexing,)h(41)0 1266 y(Half{W)m(ord)f -(Instructions,)j(110)0 1316 y(Holding)e(a)g(Priorit)o(y)h(Lev)o(el,)f(220)0 -1407 y(I/O)h(P)o(age)g(F)m(ail,)e(262)0 1457 y(Index)83 1507 -y(Global,)g(41)83 1557 y(Lo)q(cal,)h(41)0 1606 y(In)o(teger)i(Arithmetic,)d -(62)0 1656 y(In)o(terior)i(of)f(a)h(String,)f(150)0 1706 y(In)o(ternal)h -(Device,)g(217)0 1756 y(In)o(terrupt)h(Acceptance,)h(219)0 -1806 y(In)o(terrupt)f(Con)o(trol)e(Blo)q(c)o(k,)h(219)0 1856 -y(In)o(terrupt)h(in)f(Progress,)g(220)0 1905 y(In)o(terrupt)h(Request,)f(218) -0 1955 y(In)o(terrupt)h(Service)g(Routine,)e(220)0 2005 y(In)o(terrupt)i -(Source,)g(217)0 2055 y(In)o(terrupt,)g(P)o(ending,)e(218)0 -2105 y(In)o(terv)n(al)g(Timer,)g(222)0 2154 y(In)o(terv)n(al)g(Timer,)g(In)o -(terrupt)i(Con)o(trol)e(Blo)q(c)o(k,)g(220)0 2246 y(Jump)g(Instructions,)h -(97,)f(98,)g(126)0 2296 y(Jump)q(ers,)h(Option,)f(215,)f(288,)h(569)0 -2387 y(Keep{Aliv)o(e)h(Timer,)e(281,)h(286,)g(568)0 2437 y(Keep{Aliv)o(e,)h -(In)o(terrupt)h(Con)o(trol)e(Blo)q(c)o(k,)g(220)0 2528 y(Lev)o(el,)g(Priorit) -o(y)m(,)g(218)0 2578 y(Linear)h(P)o(age)g(Num)o(b)q(er,)f Fz(se)n(e)k -FE(LPN)0 2628 y(Lo)q(cal)c(Indexing,)h(41)973 195 y(Logical)e(Shift,)h(94)973 -245 y(Logical)f(T)m(esting)i(and)g(Mo)q(di\014cation,)e(103)973 -295 y(LPN,)h(246,)g(268)973 345 y(LUUOs,)h(182)973 436 y(MA)o(C)f(address,)i -(335)973 486 y(Mark)e(Address,)j(165)973 535 y(Mass{Storage)e(Command)d(Blo)q -(c)o(k,)i Fz(se)n(e)k FE(MSCB)973 585 y(MCB,)c(335,)g(336,)g(338)973 -635 y(Media)g(Access)j(Con)o(trol)e(Address,)h(335)973 685 -y(MemA,)d(8,)h(28,)g(233)973 735 y(Memory)f(Managemen)o(t,)h(263)973 -785 y(Memory)f(P)o(arit)o(y)i(Error)g(0,)g(221)973 834 y(Memory)e(P)o(arit)o -(y)i(Error)g(1,)g(222)973 884 y(Memory)e(Status)j(T)m(able,)e -Fz(se)n(e)k FE(CST)973 934 y(Message)e(Con)o(trol)e(Blo)q(c)o(k,)g -Fz(se)n(e)k FE(MCB)973 984 y(Mo)q(di\014ed)d(Bit)g(\(cac)o(he\),)g(231)973 -1034 y(MSCB,)g(299,)e(304)973 1083 y(MTR,)h(392)973 1133 y(MUUOs,)h(182)973 -1225 y(Need)h(DC,)e(203)973 1274 y(No)g(Divide)g(\015ag,)g(62)973 -1324 y(Non{V)m(olatile)f(RAM,)h(234)973 1374 y(NVRAM,)g(234,)g(284)973 -1465 y(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(\015ag,)f(62)973 1515 y(Ov)o(er\015o)o(w)h(T)m -(rapping,)e(134)973 1606 y(P)m(A)o(C,)h(272)973 1656 y(P)m(A)o(G,)f(382,)h -(467)973 1706 y(P)o(age)h(F)m(ailure,)e(254,)h(378)973 1756 -y(P)o(age)h(Re\014ll,)e(245)973 1806 y(P)o(age{Address)j(W)m(ord,)e -Fz(se)n(e)k FE(P)m(A)-5 b(W)973 1856 y(P)o(age{F)m(ailure)13 -b(double)g(w)o(ord,)h(254)973 1905 y(P)o(ager)1056 1955 y(Data)f(P)o(arit)o -(y)g(Error,)h(222)1056 2005 y(Disabled,)f(269)1056 2055 y(T)m(ag)g(P)o(arit)o -(y)g(Error,)h(222)1056 2105 y(T)m(ranslation)e(Bu\013er,)j -Fz(se)n(e)i FE(PTB)973 2154 y(P)o(aging,)12 b(235)973 2204 -y(P)o(attern)i(Byte)h(Num)o(b)q(er,)e(165)973 2254 y(P)o(attern)h(String,)g -(165)973 2304 y(P)o(attern)g(String)g(Address,)h(165)973 2354 -y(P)m(A)-5 b(W,)13 b(245,)g(268)973 2403 y(PC)h(Double)f(W)m(ord,)g(121)973 -2453 y(PC)h(Section,)g(6)973 2503 y(PC)g(W)m(ord,)e(121)973 -2553 y(PCS,)h(272)973 2603 y(PCU,)g(272)p eop -%%Page: 585 99 -585 98 bop 150 50 a Ft(Index)1637 b FE(585)150 195 y(P)o(ending)14 -b(In)o(terrupts)h(List,)f(218,)e(219,)h(223)150 245 y(PF)-5 -b(AIL{)14 b(bac)o(kplane)g(signal,)e(203,)h(222,)g(284)150 -295 y(PI,)h(349,)e(453,)h(476)150 345 y(PI)h(System,)f(217)150 -394 y(P)o(o)o(w)o(er)h(F)m(ailure,)f(203,)f(222,)h(283)150 -444 y(Previous{Con)o(text)h(Execute,)i Fz(se)n(e)h FE(PX)o(CT)150 -494 y(Priorit)o(y)c(In)o(terrupt)i(Con)o(trol)f(Blo)q(c)o(k,)f(219)150 -544 y(Priorit)o(y)g(In)o(terrupt)i(System,)e(217)150 594 y(Priorit)o(y)g(Lev) -o(el,)h(218)150 643 y(Program)e(Con)o(trol,)h(118)150 693 y(Program)f(Coun)o -(ter)j(and)f(Flags,)e(121)150 743 y(Program)g(Flags,)h(121)150 -793 y(Program)f(Request,)j(220,)d(223)150 843 y(Program)c(Request,)i(In)o -(terrupt)h(Con)o(trol)e(Blo)q(c)o(k,)g(220)150 892 y(PTB,)14 -b(238)150 942 y(Pushdo)o(wn)g(List,)g(137)150 992 y Fx(PX)o(CT)p -FE(,)e(272,)h(386,)f(435,)h(471)150 1083 y(Represen)o(tation)i(of)e -(Characters)i(\(ASCI)q(I\),)f(499)150 1133 y(Request)h(FIF)o(O,)e(218)150 -1183 y(Request,)h(In)o(terrupt,)h(218)150 1233 y(R)o(OM{fallbac)o(k)d(P)o -(age)i(F)m(ail,)e(262)150 1283 y(Rotate)i(Instructions,)g(94)150 -1374 y(Scaling,)f(\015oating)f(p)q(oin)o(t,)h(69)150 1424 y(Seman)o(tic)g(T)m -(ransaction,)g(199)150 1474 y(Shift)g(Instructions,)i(94)150 -1523 y(Side)f(e\013ects,)h(52)150 1573 y(Skip)e(Instructions,)i(98)150 -1623 y(SPB,)f(246,)f(266)150 1673 y(Sp)q(ecial)h(P)o(age{Address)h(T)m(able,) -e Fz(se)n(e)k FE(SPT)150 1723 y(SPT,)d(246,)e(266,)h(373)150 -1773 y(Stac)o(k)h(Op)q(erations,)g(137)150 1822 y(String,)f(149)150 -1872 y(String)h(Editing,)e(163)150 1922 y(String)i(Instructions,)g(149)150 -1972 y(Subroutine)g(Calling)e(Instructions,)j(131)150 2022 -y(Subsystem)g(\(device\),)i(In)o(terrupt)f(Con)o(trol)f(Blo)q(c)o(k,)316 -2071 y(220)150 2121 y(System)e(Activ)o(e,)h(203)150 2213 y(T)m(arget)g -(Instruction)g(\(of)g Fx(X)o(CT)p FE(\),)f(119)150 2262 y(T)m(est)h -(Instructions,)h(103)150 2312 y(Thermal)d(W)m(arning,)g(203,)h(222,)g(283)150 -2362 y(TIM,)g(392)150 2412 y(Time{base,)f(222)150 2462 y(T)m(ransaction)233 -2511 y(Bus,)i(198)233 2561 y(Seman)o(tic,)e(199)150 2611 y(T)m(rap,)h(53,)g -(134)1123 195 y(T)m(rap)g(Instruction,)h(135)1123 245 y(T)m(rap)f(Lo)q -(cations)1206 295 y(Executiv)o(e)i(LUUOs,)f(183)1206 345 y(In)o(terrupts,)h -(220)1206 394 y(MUUOs,)f(185)1206 444 y(P)o(age)g(F)m(ailures,)f(254)1206 -494 y(T)m(raps)g(1,)h(2,)f(and)g(3,)h(135,)e(136)1123 544 y(T)m(rap)h(V)m -(ector,)h(136)1123 594 y(T)m(rapping,)e(134)1123 685 y(UAR)m(T,)g(222)1123 -735 y(UBR)1206 785 y(XKL)1297 781 y(-)1309 785 y(1,)h(237,)g(244,)f(264,)h -(265)1206 834 y(KL10,)g(384)1206 884 y(XKL)1297 880 y(-)1309 -884 y(1,)g(240)1123 934 y(Unassigned)h(Co)q(des,)g(53)1123 -984 y(Unimplemen)o(ted)d(Op)q(erations,)k(182)1123 1034 y(Unpaged)f(Op)q -(eration,)g(269)1123 1083 y(UPT)1206 1133 y(XKL)1297 1129 y(-)1309 -1133 y(1,)f(237,)g(254,)f(269)1206 1183 y(KL10,)k(359,)f(361,)g(363,)h(366,)f -(369,)h(370,)f(376,)1289 1233 y(378,)d(384)1206 1283 y(KS10,)h(415,)g(421) -1123 1333 y(User)i(Base)g(Register,)e Fz(se)n(e)k FE(UBR)1123 -1382 y(User)e(Pro)q(cess)h(T)m(able,)c Fz(se)n(e)17 b FE(UPT)1123 -1432 y(UUOs|Unimplemen)o(ted)12 b(Op)q(erations,)i(182)1123 -1523 y(V)m(alid)e(Bit)i(\(cac)o(he\),)h(231)1123 1615 y(XNI)1202 -1611 y(-)1214 1615 y(1)e(Address)j(Filter,)d(341)p eop -%%Trailer -end -userdict /end-hook known{end-hook}if -%%EOF diff --git a/PDP-10/architecture.pdf b/PDP-10/architecture.pdf deleted file mode 100644 index 2822f04..0000000 Binary files a/PDP-10/architecture.pdf and /dev/null differ