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mw8080bw: 280zzzap netlist audio (#6760)
* mw8080bw: update 280zzzap audio API in preparation for netlist audio This is only API changes, following the pattern used by cuavas within the past year to update other games in mw8080bw. * mw8080bw: new netlist audio implementation for 280zzzap New netlist-based audio implementation for 280zzzap (280-ZZZAP, 1976), derived from Midway game logic board schematic. The sound generally matches that heard in videos of the machine, though the real machine seems to have more bass and less treble. This may be a cabinet effect or something else, such as a difference in component values. Due to the number of complex components being emulated and the nature of the circuits, this netlist adds a lot of overhead, but it's still fast enough to run at greater than real speed on modern hardware. With minor changes, this implementation should also support lagunar (Laguna Racer, 1977); with somewhat more substantial changes, it would also support sspeedr (Super Speed Race, 1979). Both of these games use sound circuits based on those for 280-ZZZAP.
This commit is contained in:
Colin Douglas Howell
GitHub
parent
a3a14014ac
commit
1984fb5f94
@ -2735,6 +2735,8 @@ files {
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MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/audio/mw8080bw.h",
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MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/audio/nl_gunfight.cpp",
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MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/audio/nl_gunfight.h",
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MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/audio/nl_280zzzap.cpp",
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MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/audio/nl_280zzzap.h",
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MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/video/mw8080bw.cpp",
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MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/rotaryf.cpp",
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}
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@ -193,6 +193,8 @@ files{
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MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/video/mw8080bw.cpp",
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MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/audio/nl_gunfight.cpp",
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MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/audio/nl_gunfight.h",
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MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/audio/nl_280zzzap.cpp",
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MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/audio/nl_280zzzap.h",
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MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/audio/cheekyms.cpp",
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MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/audio/cheekyms.h",
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File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
@ -10,6 +10,7 @@
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#include "emu.h"
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#include "audio/mw8080bw.h"
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#include "audio/nl_gunfight.h"
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#include "audio/nl_280zzzap.h"
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#include "includes/mw8080bw.h"
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#include "speaker.h"
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@ -572,6 +573,7 @@ DEFINE_DEVICE_TYPE(SPCENCTR_AUDIO, spcenctr_audio_device, "spcenctr_audio", "Mid
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DEFINE_DEVICE_TYPE(PHANTOM2_AUDIO, phantom2_audio_device, "phantom2_audio", "Midway Phantom 2 Audio")
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DEFINE_DEVICE_TYPE(INVADERS_AUDIO, invaders_audio_device, "invaders_audio", "Taito Space Invaders Audio")
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DEFINE_DEVICE_TYPE(INVAD2CT_AUDIO, invad2ct_audio_device, "invad2ct_audio", "Midway Space Invaders II Audio")
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DEFINE_DEVICE_TYPE(ZZZAP_AUDIO, zzzap_audio_device, "zzzap_audio", "Midway 280-ZZZAP Audio")
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/*************************************
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@ -3611,36 +3613,56 @@ WRITE8_MEMBER(mw8080bw_state::tornbase_audio_w)
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*
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*************************************/
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void mw8080bw_state::zzzap_audio(machine_config &config)
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zzzap_audio_device::zzzap_audio_device(machine_config const &mconfig, char const *tag, device_t *owner, u32 clock) :
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device_t(mconfig, ZZZAP_AUDIO, tag, owner, clock),
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m_pedal_bit0(*this, "sound_nl:pedal_bit0"),
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m_pedal_bit1(*this, "sound_nl:pedal_bit1"),
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m_pedal_bit2(*this, "sound_nl:pedal_bit2"),
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m_pedal_bit3(*this, "sound_nl:pedal_bit3"),
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m_hi_shift(*this, "sound_nl:hi_shift"),
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m_lo_shift(*this, "sound_nl:lo_shift"),
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m_boom(*this, "sound_nl:boom"),
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m_engine_sound_off(*this, "sound_nl:engine_sound_off"),
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m_noise_cr_1(*this, "sound_nl:noise_cr_1"),
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m_noise_cr_2(*this, "sound_nl:noise_cr_2")
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{
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SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
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}
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WRITE8_MEMBER(mw8080bw_state::zzzap_audio_1_w)
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void zzzap_audio_device::p1_w(u8 data)
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{
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/* set ENGINE SOUND FREQ(data & 0x0f) the value written is
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the gas pedal position */
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m_pedal_bit0->write_line(BIT(data, 0));
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m_pedal_bit1->write_line(BIT(data, 1));
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m_pedal_bit2->write_line(BIT(data, 2));
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m_pedal_bit3->write_line(BIT(data, 3));
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/* if (data & 0x10) enable HI SHIFT engine sound modifier */
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m_hi_shift->write_line(BIT(data, 4));
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/* if (data & 0x20) enable LO SHIFT engine sound modifier */
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m_lo_shift->write_line(BIT(data, 5));
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/* D6 and D7 are not connected */
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}
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WRITE8_MEMBER(mw8080bw_state::zzzap_audio_2_w)
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void zzzap_audio_device::p2_w(u8 data)
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{
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/* if (data & 0x01) enable BOOM sound */
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m_boom->write_line(BIT(data, 0));
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/* if (data & 0x02) enable ENGINE sound (global) */
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m_engine_sound_off->write_line(BIT(data, 1));
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/* if (data & 0x04) enable CR 1 (screeching sound) */
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m_noise_cr_1->write_line(BIT(data, 2));
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/* if (data & 0x08) enable NOISE CR 2 (happens only after the car blows up, but
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before it appears again, not sure what
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it is supposed to sound like) */
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m_noise_cr_2->write_line(BIT(data, 3));
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machine().bookkeeping().coin_counter_w(0, (data >> 5) & 0x01);
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@ -3648,6 +3670,34 @@ WRITE8_MEMBER(mw8080bw_state::zzzap_audio_2_w)
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}
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void zzzap_audio_device::device_add_mconfig(machine_config &config)
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{
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SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
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NETLIST_SOUND(config, "sound_nl", 48000)
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.set_source(NETLIST_NAME(280zzzap))
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.add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 1.0);
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NETLIST_LOGIC_INPUT(config, "sound_nl:pedal_bit0", "I_PEDAL_BIT0", 0);
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NETLIST_LOGIC_INPUT(config, "sound_nl:pedal_bit1", "I_PEDAL_BIT1", 0);
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NETLIST_LOGIC_INPUT(config, "sound_nl:pedal_bit2", "I_PEDAL_BIT2", 0);
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NETLIST_LOGIC_INPUT(config, "sound_nl:pedal_bit3", "I_PEDAL_BIT3", 0);
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NETLIST_LOGIC_INPUT(config, "sound_nl:hi_shift", "I_HI_SHIFT", 0);
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NETLIST_LOGIC_INPUT(config, "sound_nl:lo_shift", "I_LO_SHIFT", 0);
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NETLIST_LOGIC_INPUT(config, "sound_nl:boom", "I_BOOM", 0);
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NETLIST_LOGIC_INPUT(config, "sound_nl:engine_sound_off", "I_ENGINE_SOUND_OFF", 0);
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NETLIST_LOGIC_INPUT(config, "sound_nl:noise_cr_1", "I_NOISE_CR_1", 0);
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NETLIST_LOGIC_INPUT(config, "sound_nl:noise_cr_2", "I_NOISE_CR_2", 0);
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NETLIST_STREAM_OUTPUT(config, "sound_nl:cout0", 0, "OUTPUT").set_mult_offset(30000.0 / 2.5, -30000.0);
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}
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void zzzap_audio_device::device_start()
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{
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}
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/*************************************
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*
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@ -300,6 +300,32 @@ private:
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};
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class zzzap_audio_device : public device_t
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{
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public:
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zzzap_audio_device(machine_config const &mconfig, char const *tag, device_t *owner, u32 clock = 0);
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void p1_w(u8 data);
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void p2_w(u8 data);
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protected:
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virtual void device_add_mconfig(machine_config &config) override;
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virtual void device_start() override;
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private:
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required_device<netlist_mame_logic_input_device> m_pedal_bit0;
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required_device<netlist_mame_logic_input_device> m_pedal_bit1;
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required_device<netlist_mame_logic_input_device> m_pedal_bit2;
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required_device<netlist_mame_logic_input_device> m_pedal_bit3;
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required_device<netlist_mame_logic_input_device> m_hi_shift;
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required_device<netlist_mame_logic_input_device> m_lo_shift;
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required_device<netlist_mame_logic_input_device> m_boom;
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required_device<netlist_mame_logic_input_device> m_engine_sound_off;
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required_device<netlist_mame_logic_input_device> m_noise_cr_1;
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required_device<netlist_mame_logic_input_device> m_noise_cr_2;
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};
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DECLARE_DEVICE_TYPE(SEAWOLF_AUDIO, seawolf_audio_device)
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DECLARE_DEVICE_TYPE(GUNFIGHT_AUDIO, gunfight_audio_device)
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DECLARE_DEVICE_TYPE(BOOTHILL_AUDIO, boothill_audio_device)
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@ -314,5 +340,6 @@ DECLARE_DEVICE_TYPE(SPCENCTR_AUDIO, spcenctr_audio_device)
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DECLARE_DEVICE_TYPE(PHANTOM2_AUDIO, phantom2_audio_device)
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DECLARE_DEVICE_TYPE(INVADERS_AUDIO, invaders_audio_device)
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DECLARE_DEVICE_TYPE(INVAD2CT_AUDIO, invad2ct_audio_device)
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DECLARE_DEVICE_TYPE(ZZZAP_AUDIO, zzzap_audio_device)
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#endif // MAME_AUDIO_MW8080BW_H
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979
src/mame/audio/nl_280zzzap.cpp
Normal file
979
src/mame/audio/nl_280zzzap.cpp
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,979 @@
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// license:CC0
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// copyright-holders:Colin Douglas Howell
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#include "netlist/devices/net_lib.h"
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// This is a netlist description for the sound circuits of Midway's 280-ZZZAP,
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// based on Midway's schematic "280 ZZZAP Game Logic P.C. 0610-00907A". It
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// should also apply to Midway's Laguna Racer with only very minor changes and
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// to Taito/Midway's Super Speed Race with only modest changes, because these
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// games use almost identical sound circuits to 280-ZZZAP.
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// (Incidentally, the 280-ZZZAP schematic has some notes on changes made to
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// the circuitry during production, a few of which were to audio circuits.
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// This netlist uses the final state of the schematic, but it could be
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// adjusted to the earlier state by modifying a couple of component values.)
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// Due to its complexity, this netlist is rather CPU intensive. Various
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// speedups have been employed to allow the game to run at full speed on
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// modern hardware with some CPU to spare. The main sources of complexity are
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// the op-amps (15 of them, all of which are National Semiconductor LM3900
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// current-differencing "Norton-type" opamps) and the Motorola MC3340
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// Electronic Attenuator, the latter of which is emulated at its internal
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// component level, which includes 10 bipolar junction transistors. Several of
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// the circuits are oscillators which run at frequencies up to hundreds of
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// hertz and which switch state abruptly, increasing the computing demands of
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// the emulation.
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// Midway's 280-ZZZAP and Laguna Racer schematics don't label discrete
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// components, though they do label ICs with their PCB coordinates, as well as
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// IC pins. Midway's Super Speed Race schematic, however, does label discrete
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// components, most of which directly correspond to the 280-ZZZAP and Laguna
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// Racer ones. I have used the Super Speed Race labels for the 280-ZZZAP
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// discrete components. IC components I have labeled with their 280-ZZZAP PCB
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// coordinates, consistent with the 280-ZZZAP schematic. Each LM3900 IC
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// contains 4 op-amps, so I have labeled these op-amps as _1 to _4, the same
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// scheme used in the LM3900 datasheet, using the pin numbers on the schematic
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// to identify the specific op-amp. Likewise, each CD4016 IC contains 4
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// switches, so I identify a specific switch from its pin numbers on the
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// schematic; these are labeled _A through _D in the CD4016 datasheet, so I
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// use that scheme.
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// The sound circuitry can be divided into three sections: engine sound
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// generation and control, generation of noise-based sound effects (skidding
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// and crashes), and the final mix and amplification of all sounds.
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// Include special frontiers within engine sound oscillators whose purpose is
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// to improve solution convergence by reducing the oscillators' inherent
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// numeric instability. Also adjusts values of resistors associated with these
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// oscillators to maintain their frequency and voltage levels.
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#define CONVERGENCE_FRONTIERS 1
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static NETLIST_START(mc3340)
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// A netlist description of the Motorola MC3340 Electronic Attenuator
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// IC, a voltage-controlled amplifier/attenuator. It amplifies or
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// attenuates an input signal according to the voltage of a second,
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// control signal, with a maximum gain of about 12-13 dB (about a
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// factor of 4 in voltage), and higher control voltages giving greater
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// attenuation, which scales logarithmically.
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// The netlist here is based on the circuit schematic given in
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// Motorola's own data books, especially the most recent ones
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// published in the 1990s (e.g. _Motorola Analog/Interface ICs Device
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// Data, Vol. II_ (1996), p. 9-67), which are the only schematics that
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// include resistor values. However, the 1990s schematics are missing
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// one crossover connection which is present in older schematics
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// published in the 1970s (e.g. _Motorola Linear Integrated Circuits_
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// (1979), p. 5-130). This missing connection is clearly an error
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// which has been fixed in this netlist; without it, the circuit won't
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// amplify properly, generating only a very weak output signal.
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// The 1990s schematics also omit a couple of diodes which are present
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// in the 1970s schematics. One of these omitted diodes noticeably
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// raises the minimum control voltage at which signal attenuation
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// starts; that diode has been included here, to get the netlist's
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// profile of attenuation vs. control voltage to better match
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// Motorola's charts for the device.
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// The Motorola schematics do not label components, so I've created my
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// own labeling scheme based on numbering components on the schematics
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// from top to bottom, left to right, with resistors also getting
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// their value (expressed European-style to avoid decimal points) as
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// part of the name. The netlist is also listed following the
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// schematics in roughly top-to-bottom, left-to-right order.
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// A very simple model is used for the transistors here, based on the
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// generic NPN default but with a larger scale current. Again, this
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// was chosen to better match the netlist's attenuation vs. control
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// voltage profile to that given in Motorola's charts for the device.
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// The MC3340 has the same circuit internally as an older Motorola
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// device, the MFC6040, which was replaced by the MC3340 in the
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// mid-1970s. The two chips differ only in packaging. Older arcade
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// games which use the MFC6040 may also benefit from this netlist
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// implementation.
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RES(R1_5K1, RES_K(5.1))
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DIODE(D1_MC3340, "D(IS=1e-15 N=1)")
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RES(R2_4K7, RES_K(4.7))
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NET_MODEL("NPN1 NPN(IS=1E-13 BF=100)")
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QBJT_EB(Q1, "NPN1")
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RES(R3_750, RES_R(750))
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RES(R4_10K, RES_K(10))
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QBJT_EB(Q2, "NPN1")
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RES(R5_750, RES_R(750))
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RES(R6_3K9, RES_K(3.9))
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RES(R7_5K1, RES_K(5.1))
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RES(R8_20K, RES_K(20))
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// 1970s Motorola schematics have another diode just above what I call
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// "R9_510"; this diode doesn't seem to affect normal operation much,
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// so I've left it out.
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RES(R9_510, RES_R(510))
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QBJT_EB(Q3, "NPN1")
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QBJT_EB(Q4, "NPN1")
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QBJT_EB(Q5, "NPN1")
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RES(R10_1K3, RES_K(1.3))
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QBJT_EB(Q6, "NPN1")
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RES(R11_5K1, RES_K(5.1))
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QBJT_EB(Q7, "NPN1")
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QBJT_EB(Q8, "NPN1")
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RES(R12_1K5, RES_K(1.5))
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RES(R13_6K2, RES_K(6.2))
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QBJT_EB(Q9, "NPN1")
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RES(R14_5K1, RES_K(5.1))
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QBJT_EB(Q10, "NPN1")
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RES(R15_5K1, RES_K(5.1))
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RES(R16_200, RES_R(200))
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RES(R17_5K1, RES_K(5.1))
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DIODE(D2_MC3340, "D(IS=1e-15 N=1)")
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RES(R18_510, RES_R(510))
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ALIAS(MC3340_VCC, R1_5K1.1)
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NET_C(R1_5K1.1, Q1.C, Q2.C, R7_5K1.1, Q3.C, Q4.C, Q7.C,
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R13_6K2.1, Q10.C, R17_5K1.1)
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// Location of first diode present on 1970s schematics but omitted on
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// 1990s ones. Including it raises the control voltage threshold for
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// attenuation significantly.
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NET_C(R1_5K1.2, D1_MC3340.A, Q1.B)
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NET_C(D1_MC3340.K, R2_4K7.1)
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NET_C(R2_4K7.2, GND)
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NET_C(Q1.E, R3_750.1, R5_750.1)
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NET_C(R3_750.2, R4_10K.1, Q2.B)
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NET_C(R4_10K.2, GND)
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NET_C(R5_750.2, R6_3K9.1, Q3.B)
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ALIAS(MC3340_CONTROL, R6_3K9.2)
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ALIAS(MC3340_INPUT, Q5.B)
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NET_C(MC3340_INPUT, R8_20K.1)
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NET_C(R7_5K1.2, R8_20K.2, R9_510.1)
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// (This is approximately where the other omitted diode, which I've
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// left out, would go.)
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NET_C(R9_510.2, GND)
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NET_C(Q4.E, Q6.E, Q5.C)
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NET_C(Q5.E, R10_1K3.1)
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NET_C(R10_1K3.2, GND)
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NET_C(Q6.B, Q7.B, Q2.E, R11_5K1.1)
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NET_C(R11_5K1.2, GND)
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|
||||
NET_C(Q7.E, Q9.E, Q8.C)
|
||||
NET_C(Q8.E, R12_1K5.1)
|
||||
NET_C(R12_1K5.2, GND)
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(Q4.B, Q9.B, Q3.E, R14_5K1.1)
|
||||
NET_C(R14_5K1.2, GND)
|
||||
|
||||
// This is where the cross-connection is erroneously omitted from
|
||||
// 1990s schematics.
|
||||
NET_C(Q6.C, R13_6K2.2, Q9.C, Q10.B)
|
||||
|
||||
// Connection for external frequency compensation capacitor; unused
|
||||
// here.
|
||||
ALIAS(MC3340_ROLLOFF, Q10.B)
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(Q10.E, R16_200.1, R15_5K1.1)
|
||||
NET_C(R15_5K1.2, GND)
|
||||
ALIAS(MC3340_OUTPUT, R16_200.2)
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(R17_5K1.2, D2_MC3340.A, Q8.B)
|
||||
NET_C(D2_MC3340.K, R18_510.1)
|
||||
NET_C(R18_510.2, GND)
|
||||
|
||||
NETLIST_END()
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
static NETLIST_START(280zzzap_schematics)
|
||||
|
||||
// **** Conversion of accelerator level to "engine speed" control
|
||||
// **** voltage for engine sound, with capacitor-based "engine
|
||||
// **** inertia" and gear shift changes.
|
||||
|
||||
// The accelerator pedal input gives a 4-bit digital value which the
|
||||
// microprocessor stores in 74174 latch F5. The 4-bit value from the
|
||||
// latch output is converted by a resistor network to an analog
|
||||
// current of about 5.5 to 43 microamps, depending on the accelerator
|
||||
// level, with 5.5 µA being "zero" and each additional accelerator
|
||||
// increment adding another 2.5 µA. This current is then converted to
|
||||
// a corresponding analog voltage by the first LM3900 op-amp H5_3 at a
|
||||
// ratio of about 0.25 volts per accelerator increment. This op-amp's
|
||||
// output charges or discharges capacitor C18, whose voltage provides
|
||||
// the reference input for the second op-amp H5_4. The charging and
|
||||
// discharging of C18 is how the engine sound's pitch and volume are
|
||||
// changed, so more accelerator will charge it faster, and less
|
||||
// accelerator will charge it slower or make it discharge faster.
|
||||
// Also, it can discharge faster than it can charge (RC time constants
|
||||
// of about 0.5 seconds vs. 2.2 seconds), so the engine will lose
|
||||
// speed faster than it will gain it. Normally ENGINE_SOUND_OFF is
|
||||
// low, but if it goes high (if you crash, or when the game is in
|
||||
// attract mode), it closes CD4016 switch G5_A, which almost instantly
|
||||
// discharges C18 through 270-ohm resistor R56 and cuts off the engine
|
||||
// sound completely.
|
||||
//
|
||||
// Op-amp H5_4's output, which is driven to match the input current
|
||||
// from capacitor C18, provides the actual speed voltage signal to the
|
||||
// engine sound oscillators. This voltage is shifted down in level
|
||||
// from H5_3, ranging from 0.7 to 4.1 V. It also accounts for gear
|
||||
// shift, via capacitor C19 and the two adjacent CD4016 switches G5_B
|
||||
// and G5_C. When in low gear, LO_SHIFT is active, switch G5_C is
|
||||
// closed, and C19 is discharged via 10K resistor R60. HI_SHIFT is
|
||||
// inactive, switch G5_B is open, and all the feedback current to H5_4
|
||||
// runs through its 560K feedback resistor R58. However, when in high
|
||||
// gear, the state of the two switches is reversed, and C19 is free to
|
||||
// slowly charge through 560K resistor R59 while supplying additional
|
||||
// feedback current to the op-amp without a resistor. This has the
|
||||
// effect of temporarily depressing (or slowing the growth of) H5_4's
|
||||
// output voltage while C19 is being charged until it eventually
|
||||
// reaches equilibrium, at which point the output voltage will be the
|
||||
// same as in the low-gear case. The effect is to slow down the engine
|
||||
// speed, as you would expect in a higher gear. Likewise, if the
|
||||
// accelerator is reduced in high gear, lowering the op-amp's input
|
||||
// current, the fall in the op-amp's output voltage is temporarily
|
||||
// delayed while C19 is charged until it has sufficiently discharged
|
||||
// through R59. Thus the rate of engine slowing is also lowered.
|
||||
|
||||
// Some component values here were changed in the later version of the
|
||||
// Laguna Racer game logic board or in Super Speed Race.
|
||||
|
||||
CD4016_DIP(G5)
|
||||
|
||||
LM3900(H5_3)
|
||||
LM3900(H5_4)
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R42, RES_K(1))
|
||||
RES(R43, RES_K(1))
|
||||
RES(R44, RES_K(1))
|
||||
RES(R45, RES_K(1))
|
||||
RES(R62, RES_K(1))
|
||||
RES(R61, RES_K(1))
|
||||
|
||||
// The 480 Kohm resistors listed here are shown as such on the
|
||||
// 280-ZZZAP schematic and the schematic for the earlier Laguna Racer
|
||||
// board, but this is a non-standard value. The nearest standard value
|
||||
// is 470 Kohm, and this may have been used in production. Need to
|
||||
// check against actual PCBs.
|
||||
RES(R51, RES_K(480)) // 470 Kohm in later Laguna and Super Speed Race
|
||||
RES(R46, RES_M(2)) // 2.2 Mohm in later Laguna and Super Speed Race
|
||||
RES(R47, RES_M(1))
|
||||
RES(R48, RES_K(480)) // 470 Kohm in later Laguna and Super Speed Race
|
||||
RES(R49, RES_K(240))
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R50, RES_K(100))
|
||||
// Super Speed Race also has a 1 uF capacitor in parallel with R50.
|
||||
RES(R53, RES_K(47))
|
||||
RES(R52, RES_K(10))
|
||||
RES(R56, RES_R(270))
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R54, RES_K(560))
|
||||
RES(R55, RES_M(4.7))
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R57, RES_M(2.7))
|
||||
RES(R58, RES_K(560))
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R59, RES_K(560))
|
||||
RES(R60, RES_K(10))
|
||||
|
||||
CAP(C18, CAP_U(47)) // 22 uF in later Laguna and Super Speed Race
|
||||
NET_C(C18.2, GND)
|
||||
|
||||
CAP(C19, CAP_U(2.2))
|
||||
|
||||
DIODE(D4, 1N914)
|
||||
DIODE(D5, 1N914)
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(I_V5.Q, R42.1, R43.1, R44.1, R45.1, R62.1, R61.1, R51.1,
|
||||
R55.1, R57.1)
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(PEDAL_BIT0, R42.2, R46.1)
|
||||
NET_C(PEDAL_BIT1, R43.2, R47.1)
|
||||
NET_C(PEDAL_BIT2, R44.2, R48.1)
|
||||
NET_C(PEDAL_BIT3, R45.2, R49.1)
|
||||
NET_C(H5_3.PLUS, R46.2, R47.2, R48.2, R49.2, R51.2)
|
||||
NET_C(H5_3.MINUS, R50.2)
|
||||
NET_C(H5_3.OUT, R50.1, R53.1, D4.K)
|
||||
// Super Speed Race also has a 1 uF capacitor in parallel with R50.
|
||||
NET_C(R53.2, R52.1, C18.1, R56.2, R54.1)
|
||||
NET_C(R52.2, D4.A)
|
||||
NET_C(H5_4.PLUS, R54.2, R55.2)
|
||||
NET_C(H5_4.MINUS, R58.2, R57.2, G5.4)
|
||||
// The following are only local connections to H5_4.OUT. It also runs
|
||||
// to all the oscillators; those connections are listed further down.
|
||||
NET_C(H5_4.OUT, D5.A, R59.1)
|
||||
NET_C(D5.K, R58.1)
|
||||
NET_C(C19.1, R59.2, R60.2)
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(G5.1, GND)
|
||||
NET_C(G5.2, R56.1)
|
||||
NET_C(G5.13, ENGINE_SOUND_OFF)
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(G5.5, R62.2, HI_SHIFT)
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(G5.3, G5.8, C19.2)
|
||||
NET_C(G5.9, R60.1)
|
||||
NET_C(G5.6, R61.2, LO_SHIFT)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
// **** Engine sound generation, using three triangle-wave oscillators
|
||||
// **** running at frequency and amplitude determined by engine speed
|
||||
// **** control voltage and modulated by MC3340 amplifier/attenuator.
|
||||
|
||||
// Engine sound oscillators. There are three of these, at different
|
||||
// frequencies; all three are triangle-wave oscillators whose
|
||||
// frequency and amplitude are controlled by the "engine speed"
|
||||
// voltage signal output from LM3900 op-amp H5_4. Each oscillator is a
|
||||
// cascaded pair of LM3900s with a CD4016 switch. The switch feeds
|
||||
// into the reference input of the first op-amp, whose output is also
|
||||
// the final oscillator output; the second op-amp acts as a Schmitt
|
||||
// trigger on the first op-amp's output, generating a square wave that
|
||||
// controls the switch and determines whether the triangle wave is
|
||||
// rising or falling.
|
||||
|
||||
// The two lower-frequency oscillators are summed together. One has
|
||||
// four times the frequency of the other, producing a "ragged"
|
||||
// triangle wave. The combined signal is fed into the signal input of
|
||||
// the MC3340 voltage-controlled amplifier/attenuator. The third,
|
||||
// highest-frequency oscillator drives the MC3340's control input,
|
||||
// amplitude-modulating the signal input from the first two
|
||||
// oscillators. Greater voltages on this control signal produce
|
||||
// greater attenuation in a logarithmic fashion. The final output
|
||||
// signal from the MC3340 thus has a waveform of narrow needle-like
|
||||
// spikes which grow taller and shorter according to the original
|
||||
// input waveform.
|
||||
|
||||
// The Schmitt triggers in these oscillator circuits are numerically
|
||||
// unstable at the switching points, which makes numeric convergence
|
||||
// difficult. The standard way to guarantee convergence with such a
|
||||
// circuit is to use dynamic timestepping with very short minimum
|
||||
// timesteps. In this case that solution is unacceptably slow, so an
|
||||
// alternate solution is used instead. To remove the unstable behavior
|
||||
// of the Schmitt triggers in the solver, a "frontier" is inserted at
|
||||
// the output of each Schmitt trigger op-amp. With this, a change in
|
||||
// the op-amp's output level, caused by a change in its inputs, will
|
||||
// not affect either its feedback input or the CD4016 switch during
|
||||
// the same timestep. Instead, it will only take effect when computing
|
||||
// the following timestep. This greatly improves the stability and
|
||||
// performance of the solver while only slightly altering the
|
||||
// frequency and voltage levels of the oscillator's triangle-wave
|
||||
// output. These waveform changes are compensated for by slightly
|
||||
// adjusting the value of the resistors which determine the Schmitt
|
||||
// trigger's switch points, bringing the waveform very close to what
|
||||
// it would be if the standard approach of dynamic timestepping were
|
||||
// used instead.
|
||||
|
||||
// These are the remaining connections from H5_4.OUT:
|
||||
NET_C(H5_4.OUT, R36.1, R37.1, R31.1, R32.1, R29.1, R30.1)
|
||||
|
||||
CD4016_DIP(J4)
|
||||
|
||||
// First oscillator (bottommost in schematics).
|
||||
// Schematic shows frequency of "76 Hz", but when modeled without a
|
||||
// frontier, the maximum in low gear is 87 Hz.
|
||||
// With a frontier, uncompensated, this decreases to 86 Hz.
|
||||
|
||||
LM3900(J5_2)
|
||||
LM3900(J5_1)
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R36, RES_K(560))
|
||||
RES(R37, RES_K(270))
|
||||
RES(R38, RES_K(100))
|
||||
RES(R41, RES_K(10))
|
||||
NET_C(R41.2, GND)
|
||||
|
||||
#if CONVERGENCE_FRONTIERS
|
||||
// Schmitt trigger resistors changed to compensate for waveform changes
|
||||
// from use of frontier:
|
||||
RES(R39, RES_K(465.0))
|
||||
RES(R40, RES_K(275.0))
|
||||
#else
|
||||
RES(R39, RES_K(470))
|
||||
RES(R40, RES_K(270))
|
||||
#endif
|
||||
|
||||
CAP(C17, CAP_U(0.022))
|
||||
|
||||
DIODE(D3, 1N914)
|
||||
|
||||
// Note the connections to this oscillator's CD4016 switch at J4 have
|
||||
// mislabeled pin numbers on the schematics for 280-ZZZAP and both
|
||||
// Laguna Racer versions; they are shown as pins 3, 4, 5, which are
|
||||
// for switch B, the same switch which is used by the middle
|
||||
// oscillator. The Super Speed Race schematic correctly shows this
|
||||
// oscillator using pins 10, 11, 12, which are for switch D of the
|
||||
// CD4016 (located at B1 in that game). It seems very unlikely that
|
||||
// the earlier games had two oscillators sharing the same switch; that
|
||||
// shouldn't work at all. I assume that this was a schematic error
|
||||
// which was not corrected until much later.
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(R37.2, J4.10)
|
||||
NET_C(J4.11, J5_2.PLUS)
|
||||
NET_C(R36.2, J5_2.MINUS, C17.1)
|
||||
NET_C(J5_2.OUT, C17.2, R38.1, D3.A)
|
||||
NET_C(R38.2, J5_1.MINUS)
|
||||
NET_C(J5_1.OUT, R40.1, J4.12)
|
||||
NET_C(I_V5.Q, R39.1)
|
||||
NET_C(J5_1.PLUS, R39.2, R40.2)
|
||||
NET_C(R41.1, D3.K, D2.K, C16.1)
|
||||
|
||||
// Second oscillator (middle in schematics).
|
||||
// Schematic shows frequency of "315 Hz", but when modeled without a
|
||||
// frontier, the maximum in low gear is 343 Hz.
|
||||
// With a frontier, uncompensated, this decreases to 329 Hz.
|
||||
|
||||
LM3900(J3_3)
|
||||
LM3900(J3_4)
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R31, RES_K(300))
|
||||
RES(R32, RES_K(150))
|
||||
RES(R33, RES_K(100))
|
||||
|
||||
#if CONVERGENCE_FRONTIERS
|
||||
// Schmitt trigger resistors changed to compensate for waveform changes
|
||||
// from use of frontier:
|
||||
RES(R34, RES_K(460))
|
||||
RES(R35, RES_K(281))
|
||||
#else
|
||||
RES(R34, RES_K(470))
|
||||
RES(R35, RES_K(270))
|
||||
#endif
|
||||
|
||||
CAP(C15, CAP_U(0.01))
|
||||
|
||||
CAP(C16, CAP_U(10))
|
||||
|
||||
DIODE(D2, 1N914)
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(R32.2, J4.4)
|
||||
NET_C(J4.3, J3_3.PLUS)
|
||||
NET_C(R31.2, J3_3.MINUS, C15.1)
|
||||
NET_C(J3_3.OUT, C15.2, R33.1, D2.A)
|
||||
NET_C(R33.2, J3_4.MINUS)
|
||||
NET_C(J3_4.OUT, R35.1, J4.5)
|
||||
NET_C(I_V5.Q, R34.1)
|
||||
NET_C(J3_4.PLUS, R34.2, R35.2)
|
||||
NET_C(C16.2, MC3340_INPUT) // to MC3340 H2 pin 1
|
||||
|
||||
// Third oscillator (topmost in schematics).
|
||||
// This is the amplitude-modulation oscillator.
|
||||
// Schematic shows frequency of "428 Hz", but when modeled without a
|
||||
// frontier, the maximum in low gear is 465 Hz.
|
||||
// With a frontier, uncompensated, this decreases to 442 Hz.
|
||||
|
||||
LM3900(J3_2)
|
||||
LM3900(J3_1)
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R29, RES_K(220))
|
||||
RES(R30, RES_K(110)) // 100 Kohm in later Laguna and Super Speed Race
|
||||
RES(R28, RES_K(100))
|
||||
|
||||
#if CONVERGENCE_FRONTIERS
|
||||
// Schmitt trigger resistors changed to compensate for waveform changes
|
||||
// from use of frontier:
|
||||
RES(R26, RES_K(455))
|
||||
RES(R27, RES_K(284))
|
||||
#else
|
||||
RES(R26, RES_K(470))
|
||||
RES(R27, RES_K(270))
|
||||
#endif
|
||||
|
||||
CAP(C14, CAP_U(0.01))
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R23, RES_K(10))
|
||||
NET_C(R23.1, I_V12.Q)
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R25, RES_K(3.3))
|
||||
NET_C(R25.2, GND)
|
||||
|
||||
CAP(C13, CAP_U(10))
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R22, RES_R(470))
|
||||
|
||||
DIODE(D1, 1N914)
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(I_V5.Q, R22.1)
|
||||
NET_C(ENGINE_SOUND_OFF, R22.2, D1.A)
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(R30.2, J4.1)
|
||||
NET_C(J4.2, J3_2.PLUS)
|
||||
NET_C(R29.2, J3_2.MINUS, C14.1)
|
||||
NET_C(J3_2.OUT, C14.2, R28.1, C13.1)
|
||||
NET_C(R28.2, J3_1.MINUS)
|
||||
NET_C(J3_1.OUT, R27.1, J4.13)
|
||||
NET_C(I_V5.Q, R26.1)
|
||||
NET_C(J3_1.PLUS, R26.2, R27.2)
|
||||
NET_C(D1.K, R23.2, C13.2, R25.1, MC3340_CONTROL) // to MC3340 H2 pin 2
|
||||
|
||||
// The MC3340's output is the complete engine sound, which is sent to
|
||||
// the final mix.
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
// **** Noise generation and noise-based sound effects: tire skid
|
||||
// **** (NOISE_CR_1), boom from crash (BOOM), post-crash noise
|
||||
// **** (NOISE_CR_2).
|
||||
|
||||
// The noise generator circuit for 280-ZZZAP and Laguna Racer is based
|
||||
// on a reverse-biased 9.1-volt 1N5239 Zener diode which generates a
|
||||
// noisy current for an LM3900 Norton op-amp input. The op-amp then
|
||||
// amplifies the noise in that current to generate more intense noise
|
||||
// for the other circuits.
|
||||
|
||||
// The netlist library supports Zener diodes, but not their noise
|
||||
// behavior, so I simulate it with an additional source of noise
|
||||
// voltage, inserted in series between the Zener and the op-amp input.
|
||||
|
||||
// Super Speed Race generates its noise in a different fashion, using
|
||||
// a linear-feedback shift register on the main motherboard. However,
|
||||
// it processes the noise signal through similar sound effect
|
||||
// circuits.
|
||||
|
||||
// Since the noise generator discrete components are unlabeled on the
|
||||
// 280-ZZZAP and Laguna Racer schematics and are not present in Super
|
||||
// Speed Race, I've chosen my own labels for them.
|
||||
|
||||
// Simple model of a 1N5239 9.1-volt Zener diode; according to
|
||||
// datasheets, this diode conducts 20 mA of current at 9.1 V reverse
|
||||
// bias. The amount of noise produced by the generator turns out to
|
||||
// depend on NBV, as does the mean voltage. I choose NBV=1 to maximize
|
||||
// the noise and reduce the mean voltage offset.
|
||||
ZDIODE(ZD_1N5239, "D(BV=9.1 IBV=0.020 NBV=1)")
|
||||
|
||||
// 24 kHz noise clock for the noise source, chosen to retain noise
|
||||
// frequencies as high as possible for 48 kHz sample rate.
|
||||
CLOCK(NCLK, 24000)
|
||||
NET_C(I_V5.Q, NCLK.VCC)
|
||||
NET_C(GND, NCLK.GND)
|
||||
|
||||
// Normally-distributed noise of 10 microvolts RMS voltage.
|
||||
// With the Zener above using NBV=1, this seems to be good enough.
|
||||
// Increasing it further begins to distort the NOISE_CR_2 post-crash
|
||||
// noise while not adding much volume to the NOISE_CR_1 skid noise.
|
||||
SYS_NOISE_MT_N(NOISE, 10e-6)
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(NCLK.Q, NOISE.I)
|
||||
|
||||
RES(RNOISE0, RES_K(100))
|
||||
CAP(CNOISE0, CAP_U(10))
|
||||
NET_C(CNOISE0.2, GND)
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(I_V12.Q, RNOISE0.1)
|
||||
NET_C(RNOISE0.2, CNOISE0.1, ZD_1N5239.K)
|
||||
|
||||
LM3900(H4_2)
|
||||
|
||||
RES(RNOISE1, RES_K(56))
|
||||
RES(RNOISE2, RES_K(47))
|
||||
RES(RNOISE3, RES_K(1))
|
||||
|
||||
CAP(CNOISE, CAP_U(10))
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(CNOISE.1, RNOISE1.1, RNOISE2.1)
|
||||
NET_C(CNOISE.2, GND)
|
||||
NET_C(H4_2.MINUS, RNOISE1.2)
|
||||
NET_C(ZD_1N5239.A, NOISE.1)
|
||||
NET_C(H4_2.PLUS, NOISE.2)
|
||||
NET_C(H4_2.OUT, RNOISE2.2, RNOISE3.1, C1.1)
|
||||
NET_C(RNOISE3.2, GND)
|
||||
|
||||
// In Super Speed Race, which lacks the noise generator described
|
||||
// above, the noise signal enters at the upstream end of capacitor C1.
|
||||
|
||||
CAP(C1, CAP_U(10))
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(C1.2, R1.1)
|
||||
|
||||
// The noise generator is followed by a single-amplifier active
|
||||
// low-pass filter with a corner frequency of about 6.3 kHz, a very
|
||||
// broad Q of 0.014, and a gain of about 0.8. This filter basically
|
||||
// attenuates the highest noise frequencies.
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R1, RES_K(330)) // 680 Kohm in Super Speed Race
|
||||
|
||||
LM3900(H4_1)
|
||||
|
||||
CAP(C2, CAP_P(6800))
|
||||
RES(R2, RES_K(10))
|
||||
RES(R3, RES_K(820))
|
||||
RES(R4, RES_K(270))
|
||||
CAP(C3, CAP_P(220))
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(R1.2, C2.1, R2.1, R4.1)
|
||||
NET_C(C2.2, GND)
|
||||
NET_C(H4_1.MINUS, R2.2, C3.1)
|
||||
NET_C(I_V5.Q, R3.1)
|
||||
NET_C(H4_1.PLUS, R3.2)
|
||||
NET_C(H4_1.OUT, C3.2, R4.2, R5.1, R17.1, C5.1, C4.1)
|
||||
|
||||
// The low-pass-filtered noise is passed to three different
|
||||
// sound-effect circuits, each of which is also an active-filter type.
|
||||
|
||||
// First noise circuit: tire skid (NOISE_CR_1)
|
||||
|
||||
// This is a two-amplifier active bandpass filter with a center
|
||||
// frequency of about 1 kHz and a high Q value of 25, giving a
|
||||
// narrow bandwidth of 40 Hz. The gain is about 15.
|
||||
|
||||
// The result is a high-pitched "tire skid" screeching sound.
|
||||
|
||||
// The circuit appears to be taken almost verbatim from page 19 of
|
||||
// National Semiconductor's Application Note 72 about the LM3900, with
|
||||
// only minor changes in the values of a few components to alter the
|
||||
// DC bias.
|
||||
|
||||
CD4016_DIP(G4)
|
||||
|
||||
LM3900(H4_3)
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R5, RES_K(39))
|
||||
RES(R6, RES_R(62))
|
||||
RES(R7, RES_K(82))
|
||||
RES(R8, RES_K(39))
|
||||
|
||||
CAP(C7, CAP_U(0.1))
|
||||
CAP(C8, CAP_U(0.1))
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(R5.2, R6.1, C7.1, C8.1, R12.1)
|
||||
NET_C(R6.2, GND)
|
||||
NET_C(H4_3.MINUS, C7.2, R8.1)
|
||||
NET_C(I_V5.Q, R7.1)
|
||||
NET_C(H4_3.PLUS, R7.2)
|
||||
NET_C(H4_3.OUT, R8.2, C8.2, R9.1)
|
||||
|
||||
// Super Speed Race has an extra CD4016 switch (controlled by the same
|
||||
// NOISE_CR_1 control line as the one at the end of this circuit) and
|
||||
// a 0.1 uF capacitor between H4_3.OUT and R9.1 here.
|
||||
|
||||
LM3900(H4_4)
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R9, RES_K(39))
|
||||
RES(R10, RES_K(62)) // 240 Kohm in Super Speed Race
|
||||
RES(R11, RES_K(100)) // 120 Kohm in later Laguna and Super Speed Race
|
||||
RES(R12, RES_K(62))
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(H4_4.MINUS, R9.2, R11.1)
|
||||
NET_C(I_V5.Q, R10.1)
|
||||
NET_C(H4_4.PLUS, R10.2)
|
||||
NET_C(H4_4.OUT, R11.2, R12.2, G4.4)
|
||||
NET_C(G4.3, R63.1)
|
||||
NET_C(G4.5, NOISE_CR_1)
|
||||
|
||||
// Second noise circuit: post-crash noise (NOISE_CR_2)
|
||||
|
||||
// This circuit is peculiar. It's structured like a single-amplifier
|
||||
// active low-pass filter, with a corner frequency of about 1 kHz and
|
||||
// a gain of 100--but its Q factor turns out to be a small *negative*
|
||||
// number. (I'm not sure what effect this has on a filter, but it
|
||||
// might indicate instability.)
|
||||
|
||||
// The result is saturated, clipped noise, a bit like randomized
|
||||
// square waves, with frequencies mainly below 1 kHz.
|
||||
|
||||
// I don't know why the circuit was designed this way, or whether it
|
||||
// was deliberate or a design or production error which the makers
|
||||
// decided they liked or at least could accept. It doesn't look like
|
||||
// they fixed it later; this same circuit is unchanged in the
|
||||
// schematics for all three games.
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R17, RES_K(10))
|
||||
|
||||
CAP(C5, CAP_U(10))
|
||||
CAP(C4, CAP_U(0.022))
|
||||
|
||||
LM3900(H5_2)
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R16, RES_K(1.5))
|
||||
RES(R15, RES_K(15))
|
||||
RES(R14, RES_M(2.7))
|
||||
RES(R13, RES_K(150))
|
||||
|
||||
CAP(C6, CAP_U(0.01))
|
||||
CAP(C9, CAP_U(0.001))
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(C4.2, R16.1)
|
||||
NET_C(R16.2, C6.1, R15.1, R13.1)
|
||||
NET_C(C6.2, GND)
|
||||
NET_C(H5_2.MINUS, R15.2, C9.1)
|
||||
NET_C(I_V5.Q, R14.1)
|
||||
NET_C(H5_2.PLUS, R14.2)
|
||||
NET_C(H5_2.OUT, C9.2, R13.2, G4.8)
|
||||
NET_C(G4.9, R64.1)
|
||||
NET_C(G4.6, NOISE_CR_2)
|
||||
|
||||
// Third noise circuit: boom from crash (BOOM)
|
||||
|
||||
// This is a single-amplifier active bandpass filter with a center
|
||||
// frequency of about 60 Hz and a high Q value of about 19, giving a
|
||||
// narrow 3 Hz bandwidth. The gain is also very high, a little over
|
||||
// 200.
|
||||
|
||||
// The filter is normally cut off from the noise signal, and thus it
|
||||
// remains quiet. When the BOOM signal is activated, CD4016 switch
|
||||
// G4_A opens, letting in the noise to be filtered and amplified until
|
||||
// the switch is cut off again, generating a loud sort of "boom".
|
||||
// (The sound doesn't have much decay, though; it gets cut abruptly.)
|
||||
|
||||
LM3900(H5_1)
|
||||
|
||||
// On the 280-ZZZAP game logic board schematic, resistor R18 (which is
|
||||
// not labeled as such) is a 2.2K resistor, but it has a note "E"
|
||||
// stating that one of the changes made after the first 325 units was:
|
||||
// "2.2K resistor at G4 pin 2 was 6.8K." I interpret this to mean that
|
||||
// the resistor was lowered to 2.2K from 6.8K.
|
||||
RES(R18, RES_K(2.2)) // 20 Kohm in Super Speed Race
|
||||
RES(R19, RES_K(1))
|
||||
RES(R20, RES_M(3.3))
|
||||
RES(R21, RES_M(1)) // 1.5 Mohm in Super Speed Race
|
||||
|
||||
CAP(C10, CAP_U(0.1))
|
||||
CAP(C11, CAP_U(0.1))
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(R17.2, C5.2, G4.1)
|
||||
NET_C(G4.2, R18.1)
|
||||
NET_C(G4.13, BOOM)
|
||||
NET_C(R18.2, R19.1, C10.1, C11.1)
|
||||
NET_C(R19.2, GND)
|
||||
NET_C(H5_1.MINUS, C10.2, R21.1)
|
||||
NET_C(I_V5.Q, R20.1)
|
||||
NET_C(H5_1.PLUS, R20.2)
|
||||
NET_C(H5_1.OUT, R21.2, C11.2, R65.1)
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
// **** Final mix of sound effects and sound preamplification.
|
||||
|
||||
// The preamplification stage after the final mix has two LM3900
|
||||
// op-amps, only one of which is modeled here. This is because of the
|
||||
// way the speaker is driven. The power amplification that drives the
|
||||
// speaker is done by a National Semiconductor LM377 dual audio power
|
||||
// amplifier chip, with the chip's two amplifiers wired in a so-called
|
||||
// "bridge configuration" to drive the speaker's positive and negative
|
||||
// terminals in a push-pull fashion. This effectively converts the
|
||||
// dual power amp into a single amp of twice the power.
|
||||
|
||||
// The preamplified input signals for these power amps are generated
|
||||
// from the final mix by the two LM3900s, each driving one power amp.
|
||||
// The first LM3900, J5_3, also preamplifies the final mix signal,
|
||||
// sending its output to the first power amp. The second LM3900, J5_4,
|
||||
// simply inverts J5_3's output so it can drive the second power amp
|
||||
// in opposing fashion. Since the second LM3900 doesn't otherwise
|
||||
// alter the output signal, and we don't care about power
|
||||
// amplification, this op-amp and its associated circuitry can be
|
||||
// omitted.
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R63, RES_K(12)) // 3 Kohm in Super Speed Race
|
||||
RES(R64, RES_K(150))
|
||||
// On the 280-ZZZAP game logic board schematic, resistor R65 (which is
|
||||
// not labeled as such) is a 12K resistor, but it has a note "F"
|
||||
// stating that one of the changes made after the first 325 units was:
|
||||
// "12K resistor in series with 10MF cap and J5 pin 8 was 4.3K." I
|
||||
// interpret this to mean that the resistor was raised to 12K from
|
||||
// 4.3K.
|
||||
RES(R65, RES_K(12))
|
||||
RES(R66, RES_K(33))
|
||||
|
||||
CAP(C20, CAP_U(10))
|
||||
CAP(C21, CAP_U(10))
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(R63.2, R64.2, R65.2, C20.1)
|
||||
NET_C(MC3340_OUTPUT, R66.1)
|
||||
NET_C(R66.2, C21.1)
|
||||
|
||||
LM3900(J5_3)
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R67, RES_K(2))
|
||||
CAP(C22, CAP_U(10))
|
||||
RES(R68, RES_K(220))
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(I_V5.Q, R67.1)
|
||||
NET_C(R67.2, C22.1, R68.1)
|
||||
NET_C(C22.2, GND)
|
||||
NET_C(J5_3.PLUS, R68.2)
|
||||
|
||||
RES(R69, RES_K(100))
|
||||
RES(R70, RES_K(10)) // actually a potentiometer, at max. volume
|
||||
CAP(C23, CAP_U(10))
|
||||
|
||||
NET_C(R70.2, C23.2)
|
||||
NET_C(J5_3.MINUS, C20.2, C21.2, R69.1, R70.1)
|
||||
NET_C(J5_3.OUT, C23.1, R69.2)
|
||||
|
||||
ALIAS(OUTPUT, J5_3.OUT)
|
||||
|
||||
NETLIST_END()
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
NETLIST_START(280zzzap)
|
||||
|
||||
SOLVER(Solver, 48000)
|
||||
|
||||
// All together, loosening both tolerances and reducing accuracy
|
||||
// increases speed by ~10%, but it also causes audible "crackling".
|
||||
// PARAM(Solver.RELTOL, 1e-2) // default 1e-3 (several % faster, but < quality)
|
||||
// PARAM(Solver.VNTOL, 5e-3) // default 1e-7 (several % faster, but < quality)
|
||||
// PARAM(Solver.ACCURACY, 1e-3) // default 1e-7 (few % faster)
|
||||
|
||||
// PARAM(Solver.DYNAMIC_TS, 1)
|
||||
// PARAM(Solver.DYNAMIC_LTE, 1e-4) // default 1e-5
|
||||
// PARAM(Solver.DYNAMIC_MIN_TIMESTEP, 1e-8) // default 1e-6
|
||||
|
||||
ANALOG_INPUT(I_V12, 12)
|
||||
ANALOG_INPUT(I_V5, 5)
|
||||
|
||||
LOCAL_SOURCE(mc3340)
|
||||
INCLUDE(mc3340)
|
||||
|
||||
// The MC3340 gets 12-volt power in 280-ZZZAP and Laguna Racer.
|
||||
// In Super Speed Race it gets 5-volt power.
|
||||
NET_C(I_V12.Q, MC3340_VCC)
|
||||
|
||||
LOCAL_SOURCE(280zzzap_schematics)
|
||||
INCLUDE(280zzzap_schematics)
|
||||
|
||||
// Logic inputs which represent output pins from 74174 latches at F4
|
||||
// and F5
|
||||
LOGIC_INPUT(I_F4_2, 0, "74XX") // BOOM
|
||||
LOGIC_INPUT(I_F4_5, 0, "74XX") // labeled "ENGINE SOUND", but really
|
||||
// an "engine sound off" flag
|
||||
LOGIC_INPUT(I_F4_7, 0, "74XX") // NOISE CR 1
|
||||
LOGIC_INPUT(I_F4_10, 0, "74XX") // NOISE CR 2
|
||||
LOGIC_INPUT(I_F5_2, 0, "74XX") // PEDAL_BIT0
|
||||
LOGIC_INPUT(I_F5_5, 0, "74XX") // PEDAL_BIT1
|
||||
LOGIC_INPUT(I_F5_7, 0, "74XX") // PEDAL_BIT2
|
||||
LOGIC_INPUT(I_F5_10, 0, "74XX") // PEDAL_BIT3
|
||||
LOGIC_INPUT(I_F5_12, 0, "74XX") // HI SHIFT
|
||||
LOGIC_INPUT(I_F5_15, 0, "74XX") // LO SHIFT
|
||||
|
||||
ALIAS(I_BOOM, I_F4_2.IN)
|
||||
ALIAS(I_ENGINE_SOUND_OFF, I_F4_5.IN)
|
||||
ALIAS(I_NOISE_CR_1, I_F4_7.IN)
|
||||
ALIAS(I_NOISE_CR_2, I_F4_10.IN)
|
||||
ALIAS(I_PEDAL_BIT0, I_F5_2.IN)
|
||||
ALIAS(I_PEDAL_BIT1, I_F5_5.IN)
|
||||
ALIAS(I_PEDAL_BIT2, I_F5_7.IN)
|
||||
ALIAS(I_PEDAL_BIT3, I_F5_10.IN)
|
||||
ALIAS(I_HI_SHIFT, I_F5_12.IN)
|
||||
ALIAS(I_LO_SHIFT, I_F5_15.IN)
|
||||
|
||||
ALIAS(BOOM, I_F4_2.Q)
|
||||
ALIAS(ENGINE_SOUND_OFF, I_F4_5.Q)
|
||||
ALIAS(NOISE_CR_1, I_F4_7.Q)
|
||||
ALIAS(NOISE_CR_2, I_F4_10.Q)
|
||||
ALIAS(PEDAL_BIT0, I_F5_2.Q)
|
||||
ALIAS(PEDAL_BIT1, I_F5_5.Q)
|
||||
ALIAS(PEDAL_BIT2, I_F5_7.Q)
|
||||
ALIAS(PEDAL_BIT3, I_F5_10.Q)
|
||||
ALIAS(HI_SHIFT, I_F5_12.Q)
|
||||
ALIAS(LO_SHIFT, I_F5_15.Q)
|
||||
|
||||
// Power pins for logic inputs:
|
||||
NET_C(I_V5.Q,
|
||||
I_F4_2.VCC, I_F4_5.VCC, I_F4_7.VCC, I_F4_10.VCC,
|
||||
I_F5_2.VCC, I_F5_5.VCC, I_F5_7.VCC, I_F5_10.VCC,
|
||||
I_F5_12.VCC, I_F5_15.VCC)
|
||||
NET_C(GND,
|
||||
I_F4_2.GND, I_F4_5.GND, I_F4_7.GND, I_F4_10.GND,
|
||||
I_F5_2.GND, I_F5_5.GND, I_F5_7.GND, I_F5_10.GND,
|
||||
I_F5_12.GND, I_F5_15.GND)
|
||||
|
||||
// Power inputs for the LM3900 op-amps. These aren't shown on the
|
||||
// schematics, but it looks like 5-volt power is needed to get proper
|
||||
// results.
|
||||
NET_C(I_V5.Q,
|
||||
H4_1.VCC, H4_2.VCC, H4_3.VCC, H4_4.VCC,
|
||||
H5_1.VCC, H5_2.VCC, H5_3.VCC, H5_4.VCC,
|
||||
J3_1.VCC, J3_2.VCC, J3_3.VCC, J3_4.VCC,
|
||||
J5_1.VCC, J5_2.VCC, J5_3.VCC)
|
||||
NET_C(GND,
|
||||
H4_1.GND, H4_2.GND, H4_3.GND, H4_4.GND,
|
||||
H5_1.GND, H5_2.GND, H5_3.GND, H5_4.GND,
|
||||
J3_1.GND, J3_2.GND, J3_3.GND, J3_4.GND,
|
||||
J5_1.GND, J5_2.GND, J5_3.GND)
|
||||
|
||||
// Power inputs for the CD4016 switches. Again, these aren't shown on
|
||||
// the schematics, but 5-volt power must be used for the switches to
|
||||
// handle the voltage levels they are switching.
|
||||
NET_C(I_V5.Q, G5.14, J4.14, G4.14)
|
||||
NET_C(GND, G5.7, J4.7, G4.7)
|
||||
// Switches G5_D, J4_C, and G4_D are unused.
|
||||
NET_C(GND, G5.10, G5.11, G5.12, J4.6, J4.8, J4.9, G4.10, G4.11, G4.12)
|
||||
|
||||
// Frontier after output of noise generator.
|
||||
// This makes a speed boost of ~10%.
|
||||
OPTIMIZE_FRONTIER(C1.1, RES_M(1), 50)
|
||||
|
||||
// Frontier before skid screech generator.
|
||||
// This makes a speed boost of ~8%.
|
||||
OPTIMIZE_FRONTIER(R5.1, RES_K(39), 50)
|
||||
// (Adding a frontier *after* the skid screech generator makes the
|
||||
// sudden jumps in signal level on skids much larger, so the resulting
|
||||
// clicks are louder and more objectionable. Also it does little or
|
||||
// nothing for speed. That's why I don't have such a frontier.)
|
||||
|
||||
// Frontiers after NOISE CR 2 and BOOM generators.
|
||||
// Each of these boosts speed by several percent and reduces
|
||||
// NEWTON_LOOPS warnings.
|
||||
OPTIMIZE_FRONTIER(R64.1, RES_K(150), 50)
|
||||
OPTIMIZE_FRONTIER(R65.1, RES_K(12), 50)
|
||||
|
||||
// Frontier after engine sound generation.
|
||||
// This makes a speed boost of ~5%.
|
||||
OPTIMIZE_FRONTIER(R66.1, RES_K(33), 50)
|
||||
|
||||
// Frontiers before MC3340 inputs.
|
||||
// Together, these make a speed boost of ~15%.
|
||||
OPTIMIZE_FRONTIER(C16.1, RES_M(1), 50)
|
||||
OPTIMIZE_FRONTIER(C13.1, RES_M(1), 50)
|
||||
|
||||
// Frontiers before engine sound op-amp oscillators.
|
||||
// All together, these make a speed boost of ~12%.
|
||||
OPTIMIZE_FRONTIER(R36.1, RES_K(560), 50)
|
||||
OPTIMIZE_FRONTIER(R37.1, RES_K(270), 50)
|
||||
OPTIMIZE_FRONTIER(R31.1, RES_K(300), 50)
|
||||
OPTIMIZE_FRONTIER(R32.1, RES_K(150), 50)
|
||||
OPTIMIZE_FRONTIER(R29.1, RES_K(220), 50)
|
||||
OPTIMIZE_FRONTIER(R30.1, RES_K(110), 50)
|
||||
|
||||
#if CONVERGENCE_FRONTIERS
|
||||
// Frontiers at Schmitt trigger op-amp outputs of engine sound
|
||||
// oscillators, to eliminate numeric instability and speed convergence
|
||||
// rather than to partition matrices. The resistor values given are
|
||||
// the modified ones which compensate for how the frontiers would
|
||||
// otherwise change the oscillator waveforms.
|
||||
OPTIMIZE_FRONTIER(R40.1, RES_K(275), 50)
|
||||
OPTIMIZE_FRONTIER(R35.1, RES_K(281), 50)
|
||||
OPTIMIZE_FRONTIER(R27.1, RES_K(284), 50)
|
||||
#endif
|
||||
|
||||
NETLIST_END()
|
||||
12
src/mame/audio/nl_280zzzap.h
Normal file
12
src/mame/audio/nl_280zzzap.h
Normal file
@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
|
||||
// license:CC0
|
||||
// copyright-holders:Colin Douglas Howell
|
||||
#ifndef MAME_AUDIO_NL_280ZZZAP_H
|
||||
#define MAME_AUDIO_NL_280ZZZAP_H
|
||||
|
||||
#pragma once
|
||||
|
||||
#include "netlist/nl_setup.h"
|
||||
|
||||
NETLIST_EXTERNAL(280zzzap)
|
||||
|
||||
#endif // MAME_AUDIO_NL_280ZZZAP_H
|
||||
@ -739,7 +739,7 @@ void mw8080bw_state::tornbase(machine_config &config)
|
||||
*
|
||||
*************************************/
|
||||
|
||||
void mw8080bw_state::zzzap_io_map(address_map &map)
|
||||
void zzzap_state::io_map(address_map &map)
|
||||
{
|
||||
map.global_mask(0x7);
|
||||
map(0x00, 0x00).mirror(0x04).portr("IN0");
|
||||
@ -747,10 +747,10 @@ void mw8080bw_state::zzzap_io_map(address_map &map)
|
||||
map(0x02, 0x02).mirror(0x04).portr("IN2");
|
||||
map(0x03, 0x03).mirror(0x04).r(m_mb14241, FUNC(mb14241_device::shift_result_r));
|
||||
|
||||
map(0x02, 0x02).w(FUNC(mw8080bw_state::zzzap_audio_1_w));
|
||||
map(0x02, 0x02).w("soundboard", FUNC(zzzap_audio_device::p1_w));
|
||||
map(0x03, 0x03).w(m_mb14241, FUNC(mb14241_device::shift_data_w));
|
||||
map(0x04, 0x04).w(m_mb14241, FUNC(mb14241_device::shift_count_w));
|
||||
map(0x05, 0x05).w(FUNC(mw8080bw_state::zzzap_audio_2_w));
|
||||
map(0x05, 0x05).w("soundboard", FUNC(zzzap_audio_device::p2_w));
|
||||
map(0x07, 0x07).w(m_watchdog, FUNC(watchdog_timer_device::reset_w));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
@ -824,12 +824,12 @@ static INPUT_PORTS_START( lagunar )
|
||||
INPUT_PORTS_END
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
void mw8080bw_state::zzzap(machine_config &config)
|
||||
void zzzap_state::zzzap(machine_config &config)
|
||||
{
|
||||
mw8080bw_root(config);
|
||||
|
||||
/* basic machine hardware */
|
||||
m_maincpu->set_addrmap(AS_IO, &mw8080bw_state::zzzap_io_map);
|
||||
m_maincpu->set_addrmap(AS_IO, &zzzap_state::io_map);
|
||||
|
||||
WATCHDOG_TIMER(config, m_watchdog).set_time(PERIOD_OF_555_MONOSTABLE(RES_M(1), CAP_U(1))); /* 1.1s */
|
||||
|
||||
@ -837,7 +837,7 @@ void mw8080bw_state::zzzap(machine_config &config)
|
||||
MB14241(config, m_mb14241);
|
||||
|
||||
/* audio hardware */
|
||||
/* zzzap_audio(config); */
|
||||
ZZZAP_AUDIO(config, "soundboard");
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -3094,14 +3094,14 @@ ROM_END
|
||||
/* 597 */ GAMEL( 1975, gunfighto, gunfight, gunfight, gunfight, gunfight_state, empty_init, ROT0, "Dave Nutting Associates / Midway", "Gun Fight (set 2)", MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE, layout_gunfight )
|
||||
/* 604 Gun Fight (cocktail, dump does not exist) */
|
||||
/* 605 */ GAME( 1976, tornbase, 0, tornbase, tornbase, mw8080bw_state, empty_init, ROT0, "Dave Nutting Associates / Midway / Taito", "Tornado Baseball / Ball Park", MACHINE_IMPERFECT_SOUND | MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE )
|
||||
/* 610 */ GAMEL( 1976, 280zzzap, 0, zzzap, zzzap, mw8080bw_state, empty_init, ROT0, "Dave Nutting Associates / Midway", "280-ZZZAP", MACHINE_NO_SOUND | MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE, layout_280zzzap )
|
||||
/* 610 */ GAMEL( 1976, 280zzzap, 0, zzzap, zzzap, zzzap_state, empty_init, ROT0, "Dave Nutting Associates / Midway", "280-ZZZAP", MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE, layout_280zzzap )
|
||||
/* 611 */ GAMEL( 1976, maze, 0, maze, maze, mw8080bw_state, empty_init, ROT0, "Midway", "Amazing Maze", MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE, layout_maze )
|
||||
/* 612 */ GAME( 1977, boothill, 0, boothill, boothill, boothill_state, empty_init, ROT0, "Dave Nutting Associates / Midway", "Boot Hill", MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE )
|
||||
/* 615 */ GAME( 1977, checkmat, 0, checkmat, checkmat, mw8080bw_state, empty_init, ROT0, "Dave Nutting Associates / Midway", "Checkmate", MACHINE_IMPERFECT_SOUND | MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE )
|
||||
/* 618 */ GAME( 1977, desertgu, 0, desertgu, desertgu, desertgu_state, empty_init, ROT0, "Dave Nutting Associates / Midway", "Desert Gun", MACHINE_IMPERFECT_SOUND | MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE )
|
||||
/* 618 */ GAME( 1977, roadrunm, desertgu, desertgu, desertgu, desertgu_state, empty_init, ROT0, "Midway", "Road Runner (Midway)", MACHINE_IMPERFECT_SOUND | MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE )
|
||||
/* 619 */ GAME( 1977, dplay, 0, dplay, dplay, dplay_state, empty_init, ROT0, "Midway", "Double Play", MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE )
|
||||
/* 622 */ GAMEL( 1977, lagunar, 0, zzzap, lagunar, mw8080bw_state, empty_init, ROT90, "Midway", "Laguna Racer", MACHINE_NO_SOUND | MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE, layout_lagunar )
|
||||
/* 622 */ GAMEL( 1977, lagunar, 0, zzzap, lagunar, zzzap_state, empty_init, ROT90, "Midway", "Laguna Racer", MACHINE_NO_SOUND | MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE, layout_lagunar )
|
||||
/* 623 */ GAME( 1977, gmissile, 0, gmissile, gmissile, boothill_state, empty_init, ROT0, "Midway", "Guided Missile", MACHINE_IMPERFECT_SOUND | MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE )
|
||||
/* 626 */ GAME( 1977, m4, 0, m4, m4, boothill_state, empty_init, ROT0, "Midway", "M-4", MACHINE_IMPERFECT_SOUND | MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE )
|
||||
/* 630 */ GAMEL( 1978, clowns, 0, clowns, clowns, clowns_state, empty_init, ROT0, "Midway", "Clowns (rev. 2)", MACHINE_IMPERFECT_SOUND | MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE, layout_clowns )
|
||||
|
||||
@ -65,7 +65,6 @@ public:
|
||||
void phantom2(machine_config &config);
|
||||
void shuffle(machine_config &config);
|
||||
void tornbase(machine_config &config);
|
||||
void zzzap(machine_config &config);
|
||||
|
||||
DECLARE_INPUT_CHANGED_MEMBER(direct_coin_count);
|
||||
|
||||
@ -125,8 +124,6 @@ private:
|
||||
DECLARE_READ8_MEMBER(bowler_shift_result_r);
|
||||
DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER(bowler_lights_1_w);
|
||||
DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER(bowler_lights_2_w);
|
||||
DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER(zzzap_audio_1_w);
|
||||
DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER(zzzap_audio_2_w);
|
||||
DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER(bowler_audio_2_w);
|
||||
DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER(bowler_audio_3_w);
|
||||
DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER(bowler_audio_4_w);
|
||||
@ -159,7 +156,6 @@ private:
|
||||
void maze_audio(machine_config &config);
|
||||
void shuffle_audio(machine_config &config);
|
||||
void tornbase_audio(machine_config &config);
|
||||
void zzzap_audio(machine_config &config);
|
||||
|
||||
void blueshrk_io_map(address_map &map);
|
||||
void bowler_io_map(address_map &map);
|
||||
@ -172,7 +168,6 @@ private:
|
||||
void phantom2_io_map(address_map &map);
|
||||
void shuffle_io_map(address_map &map);
|
||||
void tornbase_io_map(address_map &map);
|
||||
void zzzap_io_map(address_map &map);
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
@ -380,6 +375,26 @@ private:
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
class zzzap_state : public mw8080bw_state
|
||||
{
|
||||
public:
|
||||
zzzap_state(machine_config const &mconfig, device_type type, char const *tag) :
|
||||
mw8080bw_state(mconfig, type, tag),
|
||||
m_soundboard(*this, "soundboard")
|
||||
{
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void zzzap(machine_config &config);
|
||||
|
||||
private:
|
||||
void io_w(offs_t offset, u8 data);
|
||||
|
||||
void io_map(address_map &map);
|
||||
|
||||
required_device<zzzap_audio_device> m_soundboard;
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
|
||||
#define TORNBASE_CAB_TYPE_UPRIGHT_OLD (0)
|
||||
#define TORNBASE_CAB_TYPE_UPRIGHT_NEW (1)
|
||||
#define TORNBASE_CAB_TYPE_COCKTAIL (2)
|
||||
|
||||
@ -278,6 +278,7 @@ masao // bootleg
|
||||
@source:mw8080bw.cpp
|
||||
gunfight // 597 [1975] Dave Nutting Associates / Midway
|
||||
gunfighto // 597 [1975] Dave Nutting Associates / Midway
|
||||
280zzzap // 610 [1976] Dave Nutting Associates / Midway
|
||||
|
||||
@source:palestra.cpp
|
||||
palestra
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user