docs: Fixed a number of grammatical errors and editing errors. (#11578)

docs/source/contributing/softlist.rst

@@ -164,7 +164,7 @@ programmer
     Programmer who wrote the code for the software.
 release
     Fine-grained release date for the software, if known.  Use
-    YYYYMMDD format with no punctuation.  If only the month is know,
+    YYYYMMDD format with no punctuation.  If only the month is known,
     use “xx” for the day digits.  For example ``199103xx`` or
     ``19940729``.
 serial

docs/source/security.rst

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 MAME and security concerns
 ==========================
 
-MAME is not intended or designed to run in secure sites. It has not been security audited for such types of usage, and has been known in the past to have flaws that could be used for malicious intent if run as administator or root.
+MAME is not intended or designed to run in secure sites. It has not been security audited for such types of usage, and has been known in the past to have flaws that could be used for malicious intent if run as administrator or root.
 
 **We do not suggest or condone the use of MAME as administrator or root and use as such is done at your own risk.**
 

docs/source/techspecs/device_disasm_interface.rst

@@ -168,7 +168,7 @@ A CPU core derives from **device_disasm_interface** through
 That method must return a pointer to a newly allocated disassembler
 object.  The caller takes ownership and handles the lifetime.
 
-THis method will be called at most one in the lifetime of the cpu
+This method will be called at most one in the lifetime of the cpu
 object.
 
 4. Disassembler configuration and communication
@@ -184,7 +184,7 @@ model name), feel free to use a parameter.  Otherwise derive the
 class.
 
 Dynamic configuration must be done by first defining a nested public
-struct called "config" in the disassembler, with virtual destructor
+struct called ``config`` in the disassembler, with virtual destructor
 and pure virtual methods to pull the required information.  A pointer
 to that struct should be passed to the disassembler constructor.  The
 cpu core should then add a derivation from that config struct and
@@ -195,9 +195,9 @@ the config class to give the information.
 ----------------
 
 There currently is no way for the debugger GUI to add per-core
-configuration.  It is needed for in particular the s2650 and the
+configuration.  In particular, it is needed for the s2650 and Saturn
-saturn cores.  It should go through the cpu core class itself, since
+cores. It should go through the cpu core class itself, since it's
-it's pulled from the config struct.
+pulled from the config struct.
 
 There is support missing in unidasm for per-cpu configuration.  That's
 needed for a lot of things, see the unidasm source code for the

docs/source/techspecs/device_memory_interface.rst

@@ -68,7 +68,7 @@ describing its configuration.  Some examples to look up when needed:
 
 The ``has_configured_map`` method allows to test whether an
 ``address_map`` has been associated with a given space in the
-``memory_space_config`` method .  That allows optional memory spaces to
+``memory_space_config`` method.  That allows optional memory spaces to
 be implemented, such as ``AS_OPCODES`` in certain CPU cores.
 
 

docs/source/techspecs/floppy.rst

@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ The new floppy subsystem aims at emulating the behaviour of floppies and floppy
 
 A floppy disk is a disc that stores magnetic orientations on their surface disposed in a series on concentric circles called tracks or cylinders [1]_.  Its main characteristics are its size (goes from a diameter of around 2.8" to 8") , its number of writable sides (1 or 2) and its magnetic resistivity.  The magnetic resistivity indicates how close magnetic orientation changes can happen and the information kept.  That's one third of what defines the term "density" that is so often used for floppies (the other two are floppy drive head size and bit-level encoding).
 
-The magnetic orientations are always binary, e.g. they're one way or the opposite, there's no intermediate state.  Their direction can either be tengentially to the track, e.g in the direction or opposite to the rotation, or in the case of perpendicular recording the direction is perpendicular to the disc surface (hence the name). Perpendicular recording allows for closer orientation changes by writing the magnetic information more deeply, but arrived late in the technology lifetime.  2.88Mb disks and the floppy children (Zip drives, etc) used perpendicular recording.  For simulation purposes the direction is not important, only the fact that only two orientations are possible is.  Two more states are possible though: a portion of a track can be demagnetized (no orientation) or damaged (no orientation and can't be written to).
+The magnetic orientations are always binary, e.g. they're one way or the opposite, there's no intermediate state.  Their direction can either be tangentially to the track, i.e. in the direction of or opposite to the rotation, or in the case of perpendicular recording the direction is perpendicular to the disc surface (hence the name). Perpendicular recording allows for closer orientation changes by writing the magnetic information more deeply, but arrived late in the technology lifetime.  2.88Mb disks and the floppy children (Zip drives, etc.) used perpendicular recording.  For simulation purposes the direction is not important, only the fact that only two orientations are possible is.  Two more states are possible though: a portion of a track can be demagnetized (no orientation) or damaged (no orientation and can't be written to).
 
 A specific position in the disk rotation triggers an index pulse. That position can be detected through a hole in the surface (very visible in 5.25" and 3" floppies for instance) or through a specific position of the rotating center (3.5" floppies, perhaps others).  This index pulse is used to designate the beginning of the track, but is not used by every system.  Older 8" floppies have multiple index holes used to mark the beginning of sectors (called hard sectoring) but one of them is positioned differently to be recognized as the track start, and the others are at fixed positions relative to the origin one.
 
@@ -70,7 +70,7 @@ In every cell there may or may not be a magnetic orientation transition, e.g. a
 
 Of course protections play with that to make formats not reproducible by the system controller, either breaking the three-zeroes rule or playing with the cells durations/sizes.
 
-Bit endocing is then the art of transforming raw data into a cell 0/1 configuration that respects the two constraints.
+Bit encoding is then the art of transforming raw data into a cell 0/1 configuration that respects the two constraints.
 
 2.3.1.2. FM encoding
 ````````````````````
@@ -108,9 +108,9 @@ Other encodings exist, like M2FM, but they're very rare and system-specific.
 2.3.1.6. Reading back encoded data
 ``````````````````````````````````
 
-Writing encoded data is easy, you only need a clock at the appropriate frequency and send or not a pulse on the clock edges.  Reading back the data is where the fun is.  Cells are a logical construct and not a physical measurable entity.  Rotational speeds very around the defined one (+/- 2% is not rare) and local perturbations (air turbulence, surface distance...) make the instant speed very variable in general. So to extract the cell values stream the controller must dynamically synchronize with the pulse train that the floppy head picks up.  The principle is simple: a cell-sized duration window is build within which the presence of at least one pulse indicates the cell is a '1', and the absence of any a '0'.  After reaching the end of the window the starting time is moved appropriately to try to keep the observed pulse at the exact middle of the window.  This allows to correct the phase on every '1' cell, making the synchronization work if the rotational speed is not too off.  Subsequent generations of controllers used a Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) which vary both phase and window duration to adapt better to wrong rotational speeds, with usually a tolerance of +/- 15%.
+Writing encoded data is easy: you only need a clock at the appropriate frequency and send or not a pulse on the clock edges.  Reading back the data is where the fun is.  Cells are a logical construct and not a physical measurable entity.  Rotational speeds very around the defined one (±2% is not rare), and local perturbations (air turbulence, surface distance…) make the instantaneous speed very variable in general.  So to extract the cell values stream, the controller must dynamically synchronize with the pulse train that the floppy head picks up.  The principle is simple: a cell-sized duration window is built within which the presence of at least one pulse indicates the cell is a '1', and the absence of any a '0'.  After reaching the end of the window, the starting time is moved appropriately to try to keep the observed pulse at the exact middle of the window.  This allows the phase to be corrected on every '1' cell, making the synchronization work if the rotational speed is not too off.  Subsequent generations of controllers used Phase-Locked Loops (PLLs) which vary both phase and window duration to adapt better to inaccuarate rotational speeds, usually with a tolerance of ±15%.
 
-Once the cell data stream is extracted decoding depends on the encoding.  In the FM and MFM case the only question is to recognize data bits from clock bits, while in GCR the start position of the first group should be found.  That second level of synchronization is handled at a higher level using patterns not found in a normal stream.
+Once the cell data stream is extracted, decoding depends on the encoding.  In the FM and MFM case the only question is to recognize data bits from clock bits, while in GCR the start position of the first group should be found.  That second level of synchronization is handled at a higher level using patterns not found in a normal stream.
 
 
 2.3.2. Sector-level organization

docs/source/techspecs/inputsystem.rst

@@ -114,13 +114,13 @@ fields:
   and neutral positions.  They are used for analog joystick axes,
   displacement-sensitive pedals, paddle knobs, and other emulated inputs
   with a defined range.
-* **Relative analog fields** have a range with with defined
+* **Relative analog fields** have a range with defined minimum, maximum
-  minimum, maximum and starting positions.  On each update, the value
+  and starting positions.  On each update, the value accumulates and
-  accumulates and wraps when it passes either end of the range.
+  wraps when it passes either end of the range.  Functionally, this is
-  Functionally, this is like the output of an up/down counter connected
+  like the output of an up/down counter connected to an incremental
-  to an incremental encoder.  They are used for mouse/trackball axes,
+  encoder.  They are used for mouse/trackball axes, steering wheels
-  steering wheels without limit stops, and other emulated inputs that
+  without limit stops, and other emulated inputs that have no range
-  have no range limits.
+  limits.
 * DIP switch, configuration and adjuster fields allow the user to set
   the value through MAME’s user interface.
 * Additional special field types are used to produce fixed or
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ In practice, emulated devices and systems rarely interact with the input
 manager directly.  The most common reason to access the input manager is
 implementing special debug controls, which should be disabled in release
 builds.  Plugins that respond to input need to call the input manager to
-raed inputs.
+read inputs.
 
 I/O port manager
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
@@ -408,7 +408,7 @@ to support a variety of control setups:
   device item that produced the current value was an absolute axis, the
   field’s value is set to the current value scaled to the correct range,
   and no further processing is performed.
-* If the current value is non-zero and the input device device item that
+* If the current value is non-zero and the input device item that
   produced the current value was a relative axis, the current value is
   added to the field’s value, scaled by the field’s sensitivity setting.
 * The I/O port manager reads the current value for the field’s assigned
@@ -444,7 +444,7 @@ analog fields:
   produced the current value was an absolute axis, the current value is
   added to the field’s value, scaled by the field’s sensitivity setting,
   and no further processing is performed.
-* If the current value is non-zero and the input device device item that
+* If the current value is non-zero and the input device item that
   produced the current value was a relative axis, the current value is
   added to the field’s value, scaled by the field’s sensitivity setting.
 * The I/O port manager reads the current value for the field’s assigned

docs/source/techspecs/layout_files.rst

@@ -396,8 +396,8 @@ Elements
 ~~~~~~~~
 
 Elements are one of the basic visual objects that may be arranged, along with
-screens, to make up a view.  Elements may be built up one or more *components*,
+screens, to make up a view. Elements may be built up of one or more *components*,
-but an element is treated as as single surface when building the scene graph
+but an element is treated as a single surface when building the scene graph
 and rendering.  An element may be used in multiple views, and may be used
 multiple times within a view.
 
@@ -497,15 +497,15 @@ image
     human-readable SVG graphics.  A ``file`` attribute or ``data`` child element
     must be supplied; it is an error if neither or both are supplied.
 
-    If the ``alphafile`` attribute refers  refers to a file, it must have the
+    If the ``alphafile`` attribute refers  to a file, it must have the same
-    same dimensions (in pixels) as the file referred to by the ``file``
+    dimensions (in pixels) as the file referred to by the ``file`` attribute,
-    attribute, and must have a bit depth no greater than eight bits per channel
+    and must have a bit depth no greater than eight bits per channel per pixel.
-    per pixel.  The intensity from this image (brightness) is copied to the
+    The intensity from this image (brightness) is copied to the alpha channel,
-    alpha channel, with full intensity (white in a greyscale image)
+    with full intensity (white in a greyscale image) corresponding to fully
-    corresponding to fully opaque, and black corresponding to fully transparent.
+    opaque, and black corresponding to fully transparent. The ``alphafile``
-    The ``alphafile`` attribute will be ignored if the ``file`` attribute refers
+    attribute will be ignored if the ``file`` attribute refers to an SVG image
-    to an SVG image or the ``data`` child element contains SVG data; it is only
+    or the ``data`` child element contains SVG data; it is only used in
-    used in conjunction with bitmap images.
+    conjunction with bitmap images.
 
     The image file(s) should be placed in the same directory/archive as the
     layout file.  Image file formats are detected by examining the content of
@@ -731,7 +731,7 @@ screen
 collection
     Adds screens and/or items in a collection that can be shown or hidden by the
     user (see :ref:`layfile-parts-collections`).  The name of the collection is
-    specified using the required ``name`` attribute..  There is a limit of 32
+    specified using the required ``name`` attribute.  There is a limit of 32
     collections per view.
 group
     Adds the content of the group to the view (see :ref:`layfile-parts-groups`).
@@ -1269,7 +1269,7 @@ View item animation
 Items’ colour and position/size within their containing view may be animated.
 This is achieved by supplying multiple ``color`` and/or ``bounds`` child
 elements with ``state`` attributes.  The ``state`` attribute of each ``color``
-or ``bounds`` child element must be a non-negative integer.  Withing a view
+or ``bounds`` child element must be a non-negative integer.  Within a view
 item, no two ``color`` elements may have equal state ``state`` attributes, and
 no two ``bounds`` elements may have equal ``state`` attributes.
 

docs/source/techspecs/layout_script.rst

@@ -623,7 +623,7 @@ Get item horizontal scroll window size
     horizontal window size as a proportion of the associated element’s width,
     and takes no parameters.  A value of 1.0 will display the entire width of
     the element; smaller values will display proportionally smaller parts of the
-    element.  Call with ``nil`` as the argument to to restore the default
+    element.  Call with ``nil`` as the argument to restore the default
     horizontal scroll window size handler (based on the ``xscroll`` child
     element).
 Get item vertical scroll window size
@@ -638,7 +638,7 @@ Get item vertical scroll window size
     vertical window size as a proportion of the associated element’s height, and
     takes no parameters.  A value of 1.0 will display the entire height of the
     element; smaller values will display proportionally smaller parts of the
-    element.  Call with ``nil`` as the argument to to restore the default
+    element.  Call with ``nil`` as the argument to restore the default
     vertical scroll window size handler (based on the ``xscroll`` child
     element).
 Get item horizontal scroll position

docs/source/techspecs/m6502.rst

@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ Point 1 has been ensured through bisimulation with the gate-level simulation per
 The 6502 family
 ---------------
 
-The MOS 6502 family has been large and productive. A large number of variants exist, varying on bus sizes, I/O, and even opcodes. Some offshots (g65c816, hu6280) even exist that live elsewhere in the mame tree. The final class hierarchy is this:
+The MOS 6502 family has been large and productive. A large number of variants exist, varying on bus sizes, I/O, and even opcodes. Some offshoots (g65c816, hu6280) even exist that live elsewhere in the mame tree. The final class hierarchy is this:
 
 ::
 
@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ The MOS 6502 family has been large and productive. A large number of variants ex
 
 
 
-The 6510 adds an up to 8 bits I/O port, with the 6510t, 7501 and 8502 being software-identical variants with different pin count (hence I/O count), die process (NMOS, HNMOS, etc) and clock support.
+The 6510 adds an up to 8 bits I/O port, with the 6510t, 7501 and 8502 being software-identical variants with different pin count (hence I/O count), die process (NMOS, HNMOS, etc.) and clock support.
 
 The deco16 is a Deco variant with a small number of not really understood additional instructions and some I/O.
 

docs/source/techspecs/memory.rst

@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ Sets a method of the current device or driver to read, write or both
 for the current entry.  The prototype of the method can take multiple
 forms making some elements optional.  ``uNN`` represents ``u8``,
 ``u16``, ``u32`` or ``u64`` depending on the data width of the handler.
-The handler can be narrower than the bus itself (for instance a 8-bit
+The handler can be narrower than the bus itself (for instance an 8-bit
 device on a 32-bit bus).
 
 The offset passed in is built from the access address.  It starts at
@@ -603,7 +603,7 @@ parameter is that trigger width (would be 16 in the 68000 case).
 
 This parameter allows to set user-defined flags on the handler which
 can then be retrieved by an accessing device to change their
-behaviour.  An example of use the the i960 which marks burstable zones
+behaviour.  An example of use the i960 which marks burstable zones
 that way (they have a specific hardware-level support).
 
 
@@ -653,7 +653,7 @@ changed on-the-fly.  They’re powerful but have some issues:
 * changing the mappings repeatedly can be slow
 * the address space state is not saved in the saved states, so it has to
   be rebuilt after state load
-* they can be hidden anywhere rather that be grouped in an address map,
+* they can be hidden anywhere rather than be grouped in an address map,
   which can be less readable
 
 The methods, rather than decomposing the information in handler, handler

docs/source/techspecs/naming.rst

@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ For software list entries where a transliteration is used for the
 ``name="alt_title"`` attribute.
 
 For software items that have multiple titles (for example different
-regional titles with the same installation media), use the most most
+regional titles with the same installation media), use the most
 widespread English Latin title for the ``description`` element, and put
 the other titles in ``info`` elements with ``name="alt_title"``
 attributes.

docs/source/techspecs/object_finders.rst

@@ -478,7 +478,7 @@ for all elements of the array):
     };
 
 This finds or creates memory shares with tags ``vram_0`` and ``vram_1``, each of
-of which is 8 KiB organised as 4,096 big-Endian 16-bit words.
+which is 8 KiB organised as 4,096 big-Endian 16-bit words.
 
 
 Optional object finders

docs/source/techspecs/poly_manager.rst

@@ -951,7 +951,7 @@ poly_array
 
     poly_array();
 
-The **poly_array** contructor requires no parameters and simply pre-allocates one
+The **poly_array** constructor requires no parameters and simply pre-allocates one
 chunk of objects in preparation for future allocations.
 
 count

docs/source/tools/imgtool.rst

@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ Imgtool Subcommands
 
 **put**
 
-	**imgtool put <format> <imagename> <filename>... <destname> [--(fileoption)==value] [--filter=filter] [--fork=fork]**
+	**imgtool put <format> <imagename> <filename>... <destname> [--(fileoption)=value] [--filter=filter] [--fork=fork]**
 
 	* <format> is the image format, e.g. coco_jvc_rsdos
 	* <imagename> is the image filename; can specify a ZIP file for image name
@@ -173,7 +173,7 @@ Filters are a means to process data being written into or read out of an image i
 
 **vzsnapshot**
 
-	[todo: VZ Snapshot? Find out what this is....]
+	[todo: VZ Snapshot? Find out what this is...]
 
 **vzbas**