add screenless base class (nw)

scripts/target/mame/mess.lua

@@ -1028,7 +1028,6 @@ function linkProjects_mame_mess(_target, _subtarget)
 		"akai",
 		"alesis",
 		"altos",
-		"ami",
 		"amiga",
 		"ampro",
 		"amstrad",
@@ -1093,7 +1092,6 @@ function linkProjects_mame_mess(_target, _subtarget)
 		"funtech",
 		"galaxy",
 		"gamepark",
-		"gi",
 		"gridcomp",
 		"grundy",
 		"hartung",
@@ -1153,7 +1151,6 @@ function linkProjects_mame_mess(_target, _subtarget)
 		"nokia",
 		"northstar",
 		"novag",
-		"ns",
 		"olivetti",
 		"olympia",
 		"omnibyte",
@@ -1185,6 +1182,7 @@ function linkProjects_mame_mess(_target, _subtarget)
 		"samsung",
 		"sanyo",
 		"saturn",
+		"screenless",
 		"segacons",
 		"sequential",
 		"sgi",
@@ -1523,11 +1521,6 @@ files {
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/machine/acs8600_ics.cpp",
 }
 
-createMESSProjects(_target, _subtarget, "ami")
-files {
-	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/hh_amis2k.cpp",
-}
-
 createMESSProjects(_target, _subtarget, "amiga")
 files {
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/amiga.cpp",
@@ -2225,11 +2218,6 @@ files {
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/includes/gp32.h",
 }
 
-createMESSProjects(_target, _subtarget, "gi")
-files {
-	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/hh_pic16.cpp",
-}
-
 createMESSProjects(_target, _subtarget, "gridcomp")
 files {
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/gridcomp.cpp",
@@ -2276,7 +2264,6 @@ files {
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/b16.cpp",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/bmjr.cpp",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/bml3.cpp",
-	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/hh_hmcs40.cpp",
 }
 
 createMESSProjects(_target, _subtarget, "homebrew")
@@ -2600,7 +2587,6 @@ files {
 
 createMESSProjects(_target, _subtarget, "mitsubishi")
 files {
-	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/hh_melps4.cpp",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/multi8.cpp",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/multi16.cpp",
 }
@@ -2700,8 +2686,6 @@ files {
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/machine/pc9801_cd.cpp",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/machine/pc9801_cd.h",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/tk80bs.cpp",
-	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/hh_ucom4.cpp",
-	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/includes/hh_ucom4.h",
 }
 
 createMESSProjects(_target, _subtarget, "netronic")
@@ -2801,11 +2785,6 @@ files {
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/peoplepc.cpp",
 }
 
-createMESSProjects(_target, _subtarget, "ns")
-files {
-	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/hh_cop400.cpp",
-}
-
 createMESSProjects(_target, _subtarget, "omnibyte")
 files {
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/msbc1.cpp",
@@ -3002,8 +2981,6 @@ files {
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/rmt32.cpp",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/rd110.cpp",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/rsc55.cpp",
-	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/tb303.cpp",
-	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/tr606.cpp",
 }
 
 createMESSProjects(_target, _subtarget, "rolm")
@@ -3056,11 +3033,31 @@ files {
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/machine/mbc55x_kbd.h",
 }
 
+-- for drivers that are subclass of screenless_state
+createMESSProjects(_target, _subtarget, "screenless")
+files {
+	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/machine/screenless.cpp",
+	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/includes/screenless.h",
+	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/hh_amis2k.cpp",
+	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/hh_cop400.cpp",
+	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/hh_hmcs40.cpp",
+	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/hh_pic16.cpp",
+	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/hh_ucom4.cpp",
+	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/includes/hh_ucom4.h",
+	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/tb303.cpp",
+	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/tr606.cpp",
+	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/hh_melps4.cpp",
+	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/hh_tms1k.cpp",
+	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/includes/hh_tms1k.h",
+	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/ticalc1x.cpp",
+	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/tispeak.cpp",
+	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/tispellb.cpp",
+}
+
 -- Don't call this project "sega" or it collides with the arcade one
 -- and merges with it, which ends up with libsega.a linked after
 -- libshared.a.  The link then fails on linux because SEGAM1AUDIO and RAX
 -- are in shared while model* and stv are in sega.
-
 createMESSProjects(_target, _subtarget, "segacons")
 files {
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/dccons.cpp",
@@ -3129,6 +3126,7 @@ createMESSProjects(_target, _subtarget, "sharp")
 files {
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/hh_sm510.cpp",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/includes/hh_sm510.h",
+	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/rzone.cpp", -- subdriver of hh_sm510
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/video/mz700.cpp",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/mz700.cpp",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/includes/mz700.h",
@@ -3421,9 +3419,6 @@ files {
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/evmbug.cpp",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/exelv.cpp",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/geneve.cpp",
-	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/ticalc1x.cpp",
-	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/tispeak.cpp",
-	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/tispellb.cpp",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/ti74.cpp",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/ti85.cpp",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/includes/ti85.h",
@@ -3445,8 +3440,6 @@ files {
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/video/911_vdt.h",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/video/911_chr.h",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/video/911_key.h",
-	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/hh_tms1k.cpp",
-	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/includes/hh_tms1k.h",
 }
 
 createMESSProjects(_target, _subtarget, "tiger")
@@ -3456,7 +3449,6 @@ files {
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/machine/gamecom.cpp",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/video/gamecom.cpp",
 	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/k28.cpp",
-	MAME_DIR .. "src/mame/drivers/rzone.cpp",
 }
 
 createMESSProjects(_target, _subtarget, "tigertel")

src/mame/drivers/fidel_chesster.cpp

@@ -196,7 +196,15 @@ ROM_START( chesstera ) // model 6120, PCB label 510.1141C01
 	ROM_LOAD("101-1091a02.ic10", 0x0000, 0x20000, CRC(2b4d243c) SHA1(921e51978facb502b207b4f64a73b1e74127e826) ) // AMI, 27C010 or equivalent
 ROM_END
 
-ROM_START( kishon ) // possibly Mephisto brand?, PCB label 510.1141C01
+ROM_START( kishon ) // model 6120G or 6127(same), PCB label 510.1141C01
+	ROM_REGION( 0x10000, "maincpu", 0 )
+	ROM_LOAD("gc_2.3.ic9", 0x8000, 0x8000, CRC(121c007f) SHA1(652e9ea47b6bb1632d10eb0fcd7f98cdba22fce7) ) // 27C256, GC 2.3 on sticker, also seen without label
+
+	ROM_REGION( 0x80000, "rombank", 0 )
+	ROM_LOAD("kishon_chesster_v2.6.ic10", 0x0000, 0x80000, CRC(50598869) SHA1(2087e0c2f40a2408fe217a6502c8c3a247bdd063) ) // Toshiba TC544000P-12, 1-14-91, aka 101-1094A01 on 6127
+ROM_END
+
+ROM_START( kishona ) // possibly Mephisto brand?, PCB label 510.1141C01
 	ROM_REGION( 0x10000, "maincpu", 0 )
 	ROM_LOAD("german_chesster_v2.2.ic9", 0x8000, 0x8000, CRC(43e0cfcd) SHA1(961c7335f562b19fa96324c429ab70e8ab4d7647) ) // 27C256, 15.1.91
 
@@ -204,14 +212,6 @@ ROM_START( kishon ) // possibly Mephisto brand?, PCB label 510.1141C01
 	ROM_LOAD("kishon_chesster_v2.6.ic10", 0x0000, 0x80000, CRC(50598869) SHA1(2087e0c2f40a2408fe217a6502c8c3a247bdd063) ) // Toshiba TC544000P-12
 ROM_END
 
-ROM_START( kishona ) // model 6120G or 6127(same), PCB label 510.1141C01
-	ROM_REGION( 0x10000, "maincpu", 0 )
-	ROM_LOAD("kishon.ic9", 0x8000, 0x8000, CRC(121c007f) SHA1(652e9ea47b6bb1632d10eb0fcd7f98cdba22fce7) ) // 27C256, no label
-
-	ROM_REGION( 0x80000, "rombank", 0 )
-	ROM_LOAD("kishon_chesster_v2.6.ic10", 0x0000, 0x80000, CRC(50598869) SHA1(2087e0c2f40a2408fe217a6502c8c3a247bdd063) ) // Toshiba TC544000P-12, 1-14-91, aka 101-1094A01 on 6127
-ROM_END
-
 } // anonymous namespace
 
 
@@ -223,5 +223,5 @@ ROM_END
 //    YEAR  NAME       PARENT   CMP MACHINE   INPUT     STATE           INIT           COMPANY, FULLNAME, FLAGS
 CONS( 1990, chesster,  0,        0, chesster, chesster, chesster_state, init_chesster, "Fidelity Electronics", "Chesster Challenger (v1.3)", MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE | MACHINE_CLICKABLE_ARTWORK | MACHINE_IMPERFECT_CONTROLS )
 CONS( 1990, chesstera, chesster, 0, chesster, chesster, chesster_state, init_chesster, "Fidelity Electronics", "Chesster Challenger", MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE | MACHINE_CLICKABLE_ARTWORK | MACHINE_IMPERFECT_CONTROLS )
-CONS( 1991, kishon,    chesster, 0, kishon,   chesster, chesster_state, init_chesster, "Fidelity Electronics", "Kishon Chesster (v2.2)", MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE | MACHINE_CLICKABLE_ARTWORK | MACHINE_IMPERFECT_CONTROLS )
+CONS( 1991, kishon,    chesster, 0, kishon,   chesster, chesster_state, init_chesster, "Fidelity Electronics", "Kishon Chesster (v2.3)", MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE | MACHINE_CLICKABLE_ARTWORK | MACHINE_IMPERFECT_CONTROLS )
-CONS( 1991, kishona,   chesster, 0, kishon,   chesster, chesster_state, init_chesster, "Fidelity Electronics", "Kishon Chesster", MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE | MACHINE_CLICKABLE_ARTWORK | MACHINE_IMPERFECT_CONTROLS )
+CONS( 1991, kishona,   chesster, 0, kishon,   chesster, chesster_state, init_chesster, "Fidelity Electronics", "Kishon Chesster (v2.2)", MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE | MACHINE_CLICKABLE_ARTWORK | MACHINE_IMPERFECT_CONTROLS )

src/mame/drivers/hh_amis2k.cpp

@@ -9,12 +9,11 @@
   - were any other handhelds with this MCU released?
   - wildfire sound can be improved, volume decay should be more steep at the start,
     and the pitch sounds wrong too (latter is an MCU emulation problem)
-  - leds are sometimes strobed faster/longer to appear at a different brightness,
-    eg. wildfire bumpers
 
 ***************************************************************************/
 
 #include "emu.h"
+#include "includes/screenless.h"
 
 #include "cpu/amis2000/amis2000.h"
 #include "machine/timer.h"
@@ -27,28 +26,19 @@
 //#include "hh_amis2k_test.lh" // common test-layout - use external artwork
 
 
-class hh_amis2k_state : public driver_device
+class hh_amis2k_state : public screenless_state
 {
 public:
 	hh_amis2k_state(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag) :
-		driver_device(mconfig, type, tag),
+		screenless_state(mconfig, type, tag),
 		m_maincpu(*this, "maincpu"),
 		m_inp_matrix(*this, "IN.%u", 0),
-		m_out_x(*this, "%u.%u", 0U, 0U),
+		m_speaker(*this, "speaker")
-		m_out_a(*this, "%u.a", 0U),
-		m_out_digit(*this, "digit%u", 0U),
-		m_speaker(*this, "speaker"),
-		m_display_wait(33),
-		m_display_maxy(1),
-		m_display_maxx(0)
 	{ }
 
 	// devices
 	required_device<amis2000_base_device> m_maincpu;
 	optional_ioport_array<4> m_inp_matrix; // max 4
-	output_finder<0x20, 0x20> m_out_x;
-	output_finder<0x20> m_out_a;
-	output_finder<0x20> m_out_digit;
 	optional_device<speaker_sound_device> m_speaker;
 
 	// misc common
@@ -59,21 +49,6 @@ public:
 
 	u8 read_inputs(int columns);
 
-	// display common
-	int m_display_wait;             // led/lamp off-delay in milliseconds (default 33ms)
-	int m_display_maxy;             // display matrix number of rows
-	int m_display_maxx;             // display matrix number of columns (max 31 for now)
-
-	u32 m_display_state[0x20];      // display matrix rows data (last bit is used for always-on)
-	u16 m_display_segmask[0x20];    // if not 0, display matrix row is a digit, mask indicates connected segments
-	u8 m_display_decay[0x20][0x20]; // (internal use)
-
-	TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(display_decay_tick);
-	void display_update();
-	void set_display_size(int maxx, int maxy);
-	void set_display_segmask(u32 digits, u32 mask);
-	void display_matrix(int maxx, int maxy, u32 setx, u32 sety, bool update = true);
-
 protected:
 	virtual void machine_start() override;
 	virtual void machine_reset() override;
@@ -84,30 +59,15 @@ protected:
 
 void hh_amis2k_state::machine_start()
 {
-	// resolve handlers
+	screenless_state::machine_start();
-	m_out_x.resolve();
-	m_out_a.resolve();
-	m_out_digit.resolve();
 
 	// zerofill
-	memset(m_display_state, 0, sizeof(m_display_state));
-	memset(m_display_decay, 0, sizeof(m_display_decay));
-	memset(m_display_segmask, 0, sizeof(m_display_segmask));
-
 	m_a = 0;
 	m_d = 0;
 	m_f = 0;
 	m_inp_mux = 0;
 
 	// register for savestates
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_maxy));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_maxx));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_wait));
-
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_state));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_decay));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_segmask));
-
 	save_item(NAME(m_a));
 	save_item(NAME(m_d));
 	save_item(NAME(m_f));
@@ -126,80 +86,6 @@ void hh_amis2k_state::machine_reset()
 
 ***************************************************************************/
 
-// The device may strobe the outputs very fast, it is unnoticeable to the user.
-// To prevent flickering here, we need to simulate a decay.
-
-void hh_amis2k_state::display_update()
-{
-	for (int y = 0; y < m_display_maxy; y++)
-	{
-		u32 active_state = 0;
-
-		for (int x = 0; x <= m_display_maxx; x++)
-		{
-			// turn on powered segments
-			if (m_display_state[y] >> x & 1)
-				m_display_decay[y][x] = m_display_wait;
-
-			// determine active state
-			u32 ds = (m_display_decay[y][x] != 0) ? 1 : 0;
-			active_state |= (ds << x);
-
-			// output to y.x, or y.a when always-on
-			if (x != m_display_maxx)
-				m_out_x[y][x] = ds;
-			else
-				m_out_a[y] = ds;
-		}
-
-		// output to digity
-		if (m_display_segmask[y] != 0)
-			m_out_digit[y] = active_state & m_display_segmask[y];
-	}
-}
-
-TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(hh_amis2k_state::display_decay_tick)
-{
-	// slowly turn off unpowered segments
-	for (int y = 0; y < m_display_maxy; y++)
-		for (int x = 0; x <= m_display_maxx; x++)
-			if (m_display_decay[y][x] != 0)
-				m_display_decay[y][x]--;
-
-	display_update();
-}
-
-void hh_amis2k_state::set_display_size(int maxx, int maxy)
-{
-	m_display_maxx = maxx;
-	m_display_maxy = maxy;
-}
-
-void hh_amis2k_state::set_display_segmask(u32 digits, u32 mask)
-{
-	// set a segment mask per selected digit, but leave unselected ones alone
-	for (int i = 0; i < 0x20; i++)
-	{
-		if (digits & 1)
-			m_display_segmask[i] = mask;
-		digits >>= 1;
-	}
-}
-
-void hh_amis2k_state::display_matrix(int maxx, int maxy, u32 setx, u32 sety, bool update)
-{
-	set_display_size(maxx, maxy);
-
-	// update current state
-	u32 mask = (1 << maxx) - 1;
-	for (int y = 0; y < maxy; y++)
-		m_display_state[y] = (sety >> y & 1) ? ((setx & mask) | (1 << maxx)) : 0;
-
-	if (update)
-		display_update();
-}
-
-
 // generic input handlers
 
 u8 hh_amis2k_state::read_inputs(int columns)
@@ -258,7 +144,10 @@ class wildfire_state : public hh_amis2k_state
 public:
 	wildfire_state(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag) :
 		hh_amis2k_state(mconfig, type, tag)
-	{ }
+	{
+		// bumpers are dimmed
+		set_display_levels(2, 0.015, 0.1);
+	}
 
 	void prepare_display();
 	DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER(write_d);
@@ -360,7 +249,6 @@ void wildfire_state::wildfire(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->write_a().set(FUNC(wildfire_state::write_a));
 	m_maincpu->write_f().set(FUNC(wildfire_state::write_f));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_amis2k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_wildfire);
 
 	/* sound hardware */

src/mame/drivers/hh_cop400.cpp

@@ -17,8 +17,9 @@
 ***************************************************************************/
 
 #include "emu.h"
-#include "cpu/cop400/cop400.h"
+#include "includes/screenless.h"
 
+#include "cpu/cop400/cop400.h"
 #include "machine/timer.h"
 #include "sound/spkrdev.h"
 #include "sound/dac.h"
@@ -45,28 +46,19 @@
 //#include "hh_cop400_test.lh" // common test-layout - use external artwork
 
 
-class hh_cop400_state : public driver_device
+class hh_cop400_state : public screenless_state
 {
 public:
 	hh_cop400_state(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag) :
-		driver_device(mconfig, type, tag),
+		screenless_state(mconfig, type, tag),
 		m_maincpu(*this, "maincpu"),
 		m_inp_matrix(*this, "IN.%u", 0),
-		m_out_x(*this, "%u.%u", 0U, 0U),
+		m_speaker(*this, "speaker")
-		m_out_a(*this, "%u.a", 0U),
-		m_out_digit(*this, "digit%u", 0U),
-		m_speaker(*this, "speaker"),
-		m_display_wait(33),
-		m_display_maxy(1),
-		m_display_maxx(0)
 	{ }
 
 	// devices
 	required_device<cop400_cpu_device> m_maincpu;
 	optional_ioport_array<6> m_inp_matrix; // max 6
-	output_finder<0x20, 0x20> m_out_x;
-	output_finder<0x20> m_out_a;
-	output_finder<0x20> m_out_digit;
 	optional_device<speaker_sound_device> m_speaker;
 
 	// misc common
@@ -80,21 +72,6 @@ public:
 	u16 read_inputs(int columns, u16 colmask = ~0);
 	virtual DECLARE_INPUT_CHANGED_MEMBER(reset_button);
 
-	// display common
-	int m_display_wait;             // led/lamp off-delay in milliseconds (default 33ms)
-	int m_display_maxy;             // display matrix number of rows
-	int m_display_maxx;             // display matrix number of columns (max 31 for now)
-
-	u32 m_display_state[0x20];      // display matrix rows data (last bit is used for always-on)
-	u16 m_display_segmask[0x20];    // if not 0, display matrix row is a digit, mask indicates connected segments
-	u8 m_display_decay[0x20][0x20]; // (internal use)
-
-	TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(display_decay_tick);
-	void display_update();
-	void set_display_size(int maxx, int maxy);
-	void set_display_segmask(u32 digits, u32 mask);
-	void display_matrix(int maxx, int maxy, u32 setx, u32 sety, bool update = true);
-
 protected:
 	virtual void machine_start() override;
 	virtual void machine_reset() override;
@@ -105,16 +82,9 @@ protected:
 
 void hh_cop400_state::machine_start()
 {
-	// resolve handlers
+	screenless_state::machine_start();
-	m_out_x.resolve();
-	m_out_a.resolve();
-	m_out_digit.resolve();
 
 	// zerofill
-	memset(m_display_state, 0, sizeof(m_display_state));
-	memset(m_display_decay, 0, sizeof(m_display_decay));
-	memset(m_display_segmask, 0, sizeof(m_display_segmask));
-
 	m_l = 0;
 	m_g = 0;
 	m_d = 0;
@@ -123,14 +93,6 @@ void hh_cop400_state::machine_start()
 	m_inp_mux = ~0;
 
 	// register for savestates
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_maxy));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_maxx));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_wait));
-
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_state));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_decay));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_segmask));
-
 	save_item(NAME(m_l));
 	save_item(NAME(m_g));
 	save_item(NAME(m_d));
@@ -151,80 +113,6 @@ void hh_cop400_state::machine_reset()
 
 ***************************************************************************/
 
-// The device may strobe the outputs very fast, it is unnoticeable to the user.
-// To prevent flickering here, we need to simulate a decay.
-
-void hh_cop400_state::display_update()
-{
-	for (int y = 0; y < m_display_maxy; y++)
-	{
-		u32 active_state = 0;
-
-		for (int x = 0; x <= m_display_maxx; x++)
-		{
-			// turn on powered segments
-			if (m_display_state[y] >> x & 1)
-				m_display_decay[y][x] = m_display_wait;
-
-			// determine active state
-			u32 ds = (m_display_decay[y][x] != 0) ? 1 : 0;
-			active_state |= (ds << x);
-
-			// output to y.x, or y.a when always-on
-			if (x != m_display_maxx)
-				m_out_x[y][x] = ds;
-			else
-				m_out_a[y] = ds;
-		}
-
-		// output to digity
-		if (m_display_segmask[y] != 0)
-			m_out_digit[y] = active_state & m_display_segmask[y];
-	}
-}
-
-TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(hh_cop400_state::display_decay_tick)
-{
-	// slowly turn off unpowered segments
-	for (int y = 0; y < m_display_maxy; y++)
-		for (int x = 0; x <= m_display_maxx; x++)
-			if (m_display_decay[y][x] != 0)
-				m_display_decay[y][x]--;
-
-	display_update();
-}
-
-void hh_cop400_state::set_display_size(int maxx, int maxy)
-{
-	m_display_maxx = maxx;
-	m_display_maxy = maxy;
-}
-
-void hh_cop400_state::set_display_segmask(u32 digits, u32 mask)
-{
-	// set a segment mask per selected digit, but leave unselected ones alone
-	for (int i = 0; i < 0x20; i++)
-	{
-		if (digits & 1)
-			m_display_segmask[i] = mask;
-		digits >>= 1;
-	}
-}
-
-void hh_cop400_state::display_matrix(int maxx, int maxy, u32 setx, u32 sety, bool update)
-{
-	set_display_size(maxx, maxy);
-
-	// update current state
-	u32 mask = (1 << maxx) - 1;
-	for (int y = 0; y < maxy; y++)
-		m_display_state[y] = (sety >> y & 1) ? ((setx & mask) | (1 << maxx)) : 0;
-
-	if (update)
-		display_update();
-}
-
-
 // generic input handlers
 
 u16 hh_cop400_state::read_inputs(int columns, u16 colmask)
@@ -332,7 +220,6 @@ void ctstein_state::ctstein(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->write_sk().set(m_speaker, FUNC(speaker_sound_device::level_w));
 	m_maincpu->read_l().set(FUNC(ctstein_state::read_l));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_cop400_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_ctstein);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -409,9 +296,7 @@ WRITE8_MEMBER(h2hbaskbc_state::write_l)
 	set_display_segmask(3, 0x7f);
 
 	// L0-L6: digit segments A-G, L0-L4: led data
-	// strobe display
 	display_matrix(7, 16, data, sel);
-	display_matrix(7, 16, 0, 0);
 }
 
 READ8_MEMBER(h2hbaskbc_state::read_in)
@@ -482,7 +367,6 @@ void h2hbaskbc_state::h2hbaskbc(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->read_in().set(FUNC(h2hbaskbc_state::read_in));
 	m_maincpu->write_so().set(m_speaker, FUNC(speaker_sound_device::level_w));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_cop400_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_h2hbaskbc);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -619,11 +503,10 @@ void einvaderc_state::einvaderc(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(913, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_cop400_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_einvaderc);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -751,7 +634,6 @@ void unkeinv_state::unkeinv(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->read_l_tristate().set_constant(0xff);
 	m_maincpu->write_so().set(m_speaker, FUNC(speaker_sound_device::level_w));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_cop400_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_unkeinv);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -914,7 +796,6 @@ void lchicken_state::lchicken(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->read_si().set(FUNC(lchicken_state::read_si));
 
 	TIMER(config, "chicken_motor").configure_periodic(FUNC(lchicken_state::motor_sim_tick), attotime::from_msec(6000/0x100)); // ~6sec for a full rotation
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_cop400_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_lchicken);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1028,7 +909,6 @@ void funjacks_state::funjacks(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->read_l().set(FUNC(funjacks_state::read_l));
 	m_maincpu->read_g().set(FUNC(funjacks_state::read_g));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_cop400_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_funjacks);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1121,7 +1001,6 @@ void funrlgl_state::funrlgl(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->write_g().set(FUNC(funrlgl_state::write_g));
 	m_maincpu->read_g().set_ioport("IN.0");
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_cop400_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_funrlgl);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1263,7 +1142,6 @@ void mdallas_state::mdallas(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->read_in().set(FUNC(mdallas_state::read_in));
 	m_maincpu->write_so().set(m_speaker, FUNC(speaker_sound_device::level_w));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_cop400_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_mdallas);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1487,7 +1365,6 @@ void lightfgt_state::lightfgt(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->write_sk().set(m_speaker, FUNC(speaker_sound_device::level_w));
 	m_maincpu->read_g().set(FUNC(lightfgt_state::read_g));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_cop400_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_lightfgt);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1648,7 +1525,6 @@ void bship82_state::bship82(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->write_so().set(FUNC(bship82_state::write_so));
 	m_maincpu->read_si().set_ioport("IN.4");
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_cop400_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_bship82);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1787,7 +1663,6 @@ void qkracer_state::qkracer(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->read_in().set(FUNC(qkracer_state::read_in));
 	m_maincpu->write_sk().set(FUNC(qkracer_state::write_sk));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_cop400_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_qkracer);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -1885,7 +1760,6 @@ void vidchal_state::vidchal(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->read_in().set_ioport("IN.0");
 	m_maincpu->write_sk().set(FUNC(vidchal_state::write_sk));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_cop400_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_vidchal);
 
 	/* sound hardware */

src/mame/drivers/hh_hmcs40.cpp

@@ -80,16 +80,14 @@
   - Though very uncommon when compared to games with LED/lamp display, some
     games may manipulate VFD plate brightness by strobing it longer/shorter,
     eg. cgalaxn when the player ship explodes.
-  - Related to the above issue: bultrman sometimes strobes D0/D1/D2 for a very
-    short duration, causing (unwanted) dimly lit segments on the real machine.
-    On MAME they will show with full brightness, see eg. building explosions.
-    Currently there's a workaround in place.
   - bzaxxon 3D effect is difficult to simulate
   - improve/redo SVGs of: bzaxxon, bpengo, bbtime
 
 ***************************************************************************/
 
 #include "emu.h"
+#include "includes/screenless.h"
+
 #include "cpu/hmcs40/hmcs40.h"
 #include "cpu/cop400/cop400.h"
 #include "machine/gen_latch.h"
@@ -112,28 +110,19 @@
 //#include "hh_hmcs40_test.lh" // common test-layout - no svg artwork(yet), use external artwork
 
 
-class hh_hmcs40_state : public driver_device
+class hh_hmcs40_state : public screenless_state
 {
 public:
 	hh_hmcs40_state(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag) :
-		driver_device(mconfig, type, tag),
+		screenless_state(mconfig, type, tag),
 		m_maincpu(*this, "maincpu"),
 		m_inp_matrix(*this, "IN.%u", 0),
-		m_out_x(*this, "%u.%u", 0U, 0U),
+		m_speaker(*this, "speaker")
-		m_out_a(*this, "%u.a", 0U),
-		m_out_digit(*this, "digit%u", 0U),
-		m_speaker(*this, "speaker"),
-		m_display_wait(33),
-		m_display_maxy(1),
-		m_display_maxx(0)
 	{ }
 
 	// devices
 	required_device<hmcs40_cpu_device> m_maincpu;
 	optional_ioport_array<7> m_inp_matrix; // max 7
-	output_finder<0x20, 0x40> m_out_x;
-	output_finder<0x20> m_out_a;
-	output_finder<0x20> m_out_digit;
 	optional_device<speaker_sound_device> m_speaker;
 
 	// misc common
@@ -142,29 +131,14 @@ public:
 	u8 m_int[2];                    // MCU INT0/1 pins state
 	u16 m_inp_mux;                  // multiplexed inputs mask
 
+	u32 m_grid;                     // VFD current row data
+	u64 m_plate;                    // VFD current column data
+
 	u16 read_inputs(int columns);
 	void refresh_interrupts(void);
 	void set_interrupt(int line, int state);
 	DECLARE_INPUT_CHANGED_MEMBER(single_interrupt_line);
 
-	// display common
-	int m_display_wait;             // led/lamp off-delay in milliseconds (default 33ms)
-	int m_display_maxy;             // display matrix number of rows
-	int m_display_maxx;             // display matrix number of columns (max 47 for now)
-
-	u32 m_grid;                     // VFD current row data
-	u64 m_plate;                    // VFD current column data
-
-	u64 m_display_state[0x20];      // display matrix rows data (last bit is used for always-on)
-	u16 m_display_segmask[0x20];    // if not 0, display matrix row is a digit, mask indicates connected segments
-	u8 m_display_decay[0x20][0x40]; // (internal use)
-
-	TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(display_decay_tick);
-	void display_update();
-	void set_display_size(int maxx, int maxy);
-	void set_display_segmask(u32 digits, u32 mask);
-	void display_matrix(int maxx, int maxy, u64 setx, u32 sety, bool update = true);
-
 protected:
 	virtual void machine_start() override;
 	virtual void machine_reset() override;
@@ -175,16 +149,9 @@ protected:
 
 void hh_hmcs40_state::machine_start()
 {
-	// resolve handlers
+	screenless_state::machine_start();
-	m_out_x.resolve();
-	m_out_a.resolve();
-	m_out_digit.resolve();
 
 	// zerofill
-	memset(m_display_state, 0, sizeof(m_display_state));
-	memset(m_display_decay, 0, sizeof(m_display_decay));
-	memset(m_display_segmask, 0, sizeof(m_display_segmask));
-
 	memset(m_r, 0, sizeof(m_r));
 	memset(m_int, 0, sizeof(m_int));
 	m_d = 0;
@@ -193,14 +160,6 @@ void hh_hmcs40_state::machine_start()
 	m_plate = 0;
 
 	// register for savestates
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_maxy));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_maxx));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_wait));
-
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_state));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_decay));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_segmask));
-
 	save_item(NAME(m_r));
 	save_item(NAME(m_int));
 	save_item(NAME(m_d));
@@ -222,80 +181,6 @@ void hh_hmcs40_state::machine_reset()
 
 ***************************************************************************/
 
-// The device may strobe the outputs very fast, it is unnoticeable to the user.
-// To prevent flickering here, we need to simulate a decay.
-
-void hh_hmcs40_state::display_update()
-{
-	for (int y = 0; y < m_display_maxy; y++)
-	{
-		u64 active_state = 0;
-
-		for (int x = 0; x <= m_display_maxx; x++)
-		{
-			// turn on powered segments
-			if (m_display_state[y] >> x & 1)
-				m_display_decay[y][x] = m_display_wait;
-
-			// determine active state
-			u64 ds = (m_display_decay[y][x] != 0) ? 1 : 0;
-			active_state |= (ds << x);
-
-			// output to y.x, or y.a when always-on
-			if (x != m_display_maxx)
-				m_out_x[y][x] = ds;
-			else
-				m_out_a[y] = ds;
-		}
-
-		// output to digity
-		if (m_display_segmask[y] != 0)
-			m_out_digit[y] = active_state & m_display_segmask[y];
-	}
-}
-
-TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick)
-{
-	// slowly turn off unpowered segments
-	for (int y = 0; y < m_display_maxy; y++)
-		for (int x = 0; x <= m_display_maxx; x++)
-			if (m_display_decay[y][x] != 0)
-				m_display_decay[y][x]--;
-
-	display_update();
-}
-
-void hh_hmcs40_state::set_display_size(int maxx, int maxy)
-{
-	m_display_maxx = maxx;
-	m_display_maxy = maxy;
-}
-
-void hh_hmcs40_state::set_display_segmask(u32 digits, u32 mask)
-{
-	// set a segment mask per selected digit, but leave unselected ones alone
-	for (int i = 0; i < 0x20; i++)
-	{
-		if (digits & 1)
-			m_display_segmask[i] = mask;
-		digits >>= 1;
-	}
-}
-
-void hh_hmcs40_state::display_matrix(int maxx, int maxy, u64 setx, u32 sety, bool update)
-{
-	set_display_size(maxx, maxy);
-
-	// update current state
-	u64 mask = (u64(1) << maxx) - 1;
-	for (int y = 0; y < maxy; y++)
-		m_display_state[y] = (sety >> y & 1) ? ((setx & mask) | (u64(1) << maxx)) : 0;
-
-	if (update)
-		display_update();
-}
-
-
 // generic input handlers
 
 u16 hh_hmcs40_state::read_inputs(int columns)
@@ -445,11 +330,10 @@ void bambball_state::bambball(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 478);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_bambball);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -594,12 +478,10 @@ void bmboxing_state::bmboxing(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 529);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -724,12 +606,10 @@ void bfriskyt_state::bfriskyt(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 675);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -846,11 +726,10 @@ void packmon_state::packmon(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 680);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_packmon);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -975,12 +854,10 @@ void bzaxxon_state::bzaxxon(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(613, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -1099,12 +976,10 @@ void zackman_state::zackman(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(487, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -1233,12 +1108,10 @@ void bpengo_state::bpengo(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 759);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -1363,12 +1236,10 @@ void bbtime_state::bbtime(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(379, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -1473,12 +1344,10 @@ void bdoramon_state::bdoramon(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 668);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -1543,8 +1412,7 @@ WRITE16_MEMBER(bultrman_state::grid_w)
 	m_grid = data >> 8 & 0xff;
 
 	// D0-D2: plate 15-17 (update display there)
-	//plate_w(space, 4, data & 7);
+	plate_w(space, 4, data & 7);
-	plate_w(space, 4, data & (1 << offset) & 7);
 }
 
 // config
@@ -1576,12 +1444,10 @@ void bultrman_state::bultrman(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 673);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -1677,12 +1543,10 @@ void machiman_state::machiman(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1534, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -1845,7 +1709,6 @@ void pairmtch_state::pairmtch(machine_config &config)
 
 	config.m_perfect_cpu_quantum = subtag("maincpu");
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_pairmtch);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1971,12 +1834,10 @@ void alnattck_state::alnattck(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 700);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -2116,12 +1977,10 @@ void cdkong_state::cdkong(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(605, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -2262,12 +2121,10 @@ void cgalaxn_state::cgalaxn(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(526, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -2395,12 +2252,10 @@ void cpacman_state::cpacman(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(484, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -2532,12 +2387,10 @@ void cmspacmn_state::cmspacmn(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(481, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -2685,7 +2538,6 @@ void sag_state::sag(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->write_d().set(FUNC(sag_state::grid_w));
 	m_maincpu->read_d().set(FUNC(sag_state::input_r));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_sag);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -2824,12 +2676,10 @@ void egalaxn2_state::egalaxn2(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(505, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -3114,12 +2964,10 @@ void eturtles_state::eturtles(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(484, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -3237,12 +3085,10 @@ void estargte_state::estargte(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 854);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -3367,12 +3213,10 @@ void ghalien_state::ghalien(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 699);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -3500,11 +3344,10 @@ void gckong_state::gckong(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(479, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_gckong);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -3628,12 +3471,10 @@ void gdigdug_state::gdigdug(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(476, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -3800,11 +3641,10 @@ void mwcbaseb_state::mwcbaseb(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 478);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_mwcbaseb);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -3940,11 +3780,10 @@ void msthawk_state::msthawk(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 696);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_msthawk);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -4041,12 +3880,10 @@ void pbqbert_state::pbqbert(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(603, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -4168,12 +4005,10 @@ void kingman_state::kingman(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(374, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -4295,12 +4130,10 @@ void tmtron_state::tmtron(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 662);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -4401,12 +4234,10 @@ void vinvader_state::vinvader(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(233, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_hmcs40_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);

src/mame/drivers/hh_melps4.cpp

@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
 ***************************************************************************/
 
 #include "emu.h"
+#include "includes/screenless.h"
 
 #include "cpu/melps4/m58846.h"
 #include "machine/timer.h"
@@ -20,52 +21,29 @@
 //#include "hh_melps4_test.lh" // common test-layout - no svg artwork(yet), use external artwork
 
 
-class hh_melps4_state : public driver_device
+class hh_melps4_state : public screenless_state
 {
 public:
 	hh_melps4_state(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag) :
-		driver_device(mconfig, type, tag),
+		screenless_state(mconfig, type, tag),
 		m_maincpu(*this, "maincpu"),
 		m_inp_matrix(*this, "IN.%u", 0),
-		m_out_x(*this, "%u.%u", 0U, 0U),
+		m_speaker(*this, "speaker")
-		m_out_a(*this, "%u.a", 0U),
-		m_out_digit(*this, "digit%u", 0U),
-		m_speaker(*this, "speaker"),
-		m_display_wait(33),
-		m_display_maxy(1),
-		m_display_maxx(0)
 	{ }
 
 	// devices
 	required_device<m58846_device> m_maincpu;
 	optional_ioport_array<4> m_inp_matrix; // max 4
-	output_finder<0x20, 0x20> m_out_x;
-	output_finder<0x20> m_out_a;
-	output_finder<0x20> m_out_digit;
 	optional_device<speaker_sound_device> m_speaker;
 
 	// misc common
 	u16 m_inp_mux;                  // multiplexed inputs mask
 
-	u8 read_inputs(int columns);
-	virtual DECLARE_INPUT_CHANGED_MEMBER(reset_button);
-
-	// display common
-	int m_display_wait;             // led/lamp off-delay in milliseconds (default 33ms)
-	int m_display_maxy;             // display matrix number of rows
-	int m_display_maxx;             // display matrix number of columns (max 31 for now)
-
 	u32 m_grid;                     // VFD current row data
 	u32 m_plate;                    // VFD current column data
 
-	u32 m_display_state[0x20];      // display matrix rows data (last bit is used for always-on)
+	u8 read_inputs(int columns);
-	u16 m_display_segmask[0x20];    // if not 0, display matrix row is a digit, mask indicates connected segments
+	virtual DECLARE_INPUT_CHANGED_MEMBER(reset_button);
-	u8 m_display_decay[0x20][0x20]; // (internal use)
-
-	TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(display_decay_tick);
-	void display_update();
-	void set_display_size(int maxx, int maxy);
-	void display_matrix(int maxx, int maxy, u32 setx, u32 sety, bool update = true);
 
 protected:
 	virtual void machine_start() override;
@@ -77,29 +55,14 @@ protected:
 
 void hh_melps4_state::machine_start()
 {
-	// resolve handlers
+	screenless_state::machine_start();
-	m_out_x.resolve();
-	m_out_a.resolve();
-	m_out_digit.resolve();
 
 	// zerofill
-	memset(m_display_state, 0, sizeof(m_display_state));
-	memset(m_display_decay, 0, sizeof(m_display_decay));
-	memset(m_display_segmask, 0, sizeof(m_display_segmask));
-
 	m_inp_mux = 0;
 	m_grid = 0;
 	m_plate = 0;
 
 	// register for savestates
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_maxy));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_maxx));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_wait));
-
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_state));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_decay));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_segmask));
-
 	save_item(NAME(m_inp_mux));
 	save_item(NAME(m_grid));
 	save_item(NAME(m_plate));
@@ -117,69 +80,6 @@ void hh_melps4_state::machine_reset()
 
 ***************************************************************************/
 
-// The device may strobe the outputs very fast, it is unnoticeable to the user.
-// To prevent flickering here, we need to simulate a decay.
-
-void hh_melps4_state::display_update()
-{
-	for (int y = 0; y < m_display_maxy; y++)
-	{
-		u32 active_state = 0;
-
-		for (int x = 0; x <= m_display_maxx; x++)
-		{
-			// turn on powered segments
-			if (m_display_state[y] >> x & 1)
-				m_display_decay[y][x] = m_display_wait;
-
-			// determine active state
-			u32 ds = (m_display_decay[y][x] != 0) ? 1 : 0;
-			active_state |= (ds << x);
-
-			// output to y.x, or y.a when always-on
-			if (x != m_display_maxx)
-				m_out_x[y][x] = ds;
-			else
-				m_out_a[y] = ds;
-		}
-
-		// output to digity
-		if (m_display_segmask[y] != 0)
-			m_out_digit[y] = active_state & m_display_segmask[y];
-	}
-}
-
-TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(hh_melps4_state::display_decay_tick)
-{
-	// slowly turn off unpowered segments
-	for (int y = 0; y < m_display_maxy; y++)
-		for (int x = 0; x <= m_display_maxx; x++)
-			if (m_display_decay[y][x] != 0)
-				m_display_decay[y][x]--;
-
-	display_update();
-}
-
-void hh_melps4_state::set_display_size(int maxx, int maxy)
-{
-	m_display_maxx = maxx;
-	m_display_maxy = maxy;
-}
-
-void hh_melps4_state::display_matrix(int maxx, int maxy, u32 setx, u32 sety, bool update)
-{
-	set_display_size(maxx, maxy);
-
-	// update current state
-	u32 mask = (1 << maxx) - 1;
-	for (int y = 0; y < maxy; y++)
-		m_display_state[y] = (sety >> y & 1) ? ((setx & mask) | (1 << maxx)) : 0;
-
-	if (update)
-		display_update();
-}
-
-
 // generic input handlers
 
 u8 hh_melps4_state::read_inputs(int columns)
@@ -310,12 +210,10 @@ void cfrogger_state::cfrogger(machine_config &config)
 
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", "svg"));
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(500, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_melps4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);
@@ -436,12 +334,10 @@ void gjungler_state::gjungler(machine_config &config)
 
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", "svg"));
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(481, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_melps4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker).add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 0.25);

src/mame/drivers/hh_pic16.cpp

@@ -49,6 +49,8 @@
 ***************************************************************************/
 
 #include "emu.h"
+#include "includes/screenless.h"
+
 #include "cpu/pic16c5x/pic16c5x.h"
 #include "machine/clock.h"
 #include "machine/timer.h"
@@ -69,28 +71,19 @@
 #include "hh_pic16_test.lh" // common test-layout - use external artwork
 
 
-class hh_pic16_state : public driver_device
+class hh_pic16_state : public screenless_state
 {
 public:
 	hh_pic16_state(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag) :
-		driver_device(mconfig, type, tag),
+		screenless_state(mconfig, type, tag),
 		m_maincpu(*this, "maincpu"),
 		m_inp_matrix(*this, "IN.%u", 0),
-		m_out_x(*this, "%u.%u", 0U, 0U),
+		m_speaker(*this, "speaker")
-		m_out_a(*this, "%u.a", 0U),
-		m_out_digit(*this, "digit%u", 0U),
-		m_speaker(*this, "speaker"),
-		m_display_wait(33),
-		m_display_maxy(1),
-		m_display_maxx(0)
 	{ }
 
 	// devices
 	required_device<pic16c5x_device> m_maincpu;
 	optional_ioport_array<6> m_inp_matrix; // max 6
-	output_finder<0x20, 0x20> m_out_x;
-	output_finder<0x20> m_out_a;
-	output_finder<0x20> m_out_digit;
 	optional_device<speaker_sound_device> m_speaker;
 
 	// misc common
@@ -104,21 +97,6 @@ public:
 	u8 read_rotated_inputs(int columns, u8 rowmask = ~0);
 	virtual DECLARE_INPUT_CHANGED_MEMBER(reset_button);
 
-	// display common
-	int m_display_wait;             // led/lamp off-delay in milliseconds (default 33ms)
-	int m_display_maxy;             // display matrix number of rows
-	int m_display_maxx;             // display matrix number of columns (max 31 for now)
-
-	u32 m_display_state[0x20];      // display matrix rows data (last bit is used for always-on)
-	u16 m_display_segmask[0x20];    // if not 0, display matrix row is a digit, mask indicates connected segments
-	u8 m_display_decay[0x20][0x20]; // (internal use)
-
-	TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(display_decay_tick);
-	void display_update();
-	void set_display_size(int maxx, int maxy);
-	void set_display_segmask(u32 digits, u32 mask);
-	void display_matrix(int maxx, int maxy, u32 setx, u32 sety, bool update = true);
-
 protected:
 	virtual void machine_start() override;
 	virtual void machine_reset() override;
@@ -129,16 +107,9 @@ protected:
 
 void hh_pic16_state::machine_start()
 {
-	// resolve handlers
+	screenless_state::machine_start();
-	m_out_x.resolve();
-	m_out_a.resolve();
-	m_out_digit.resolve();
 
 	// zerofill
-	memset(m_display_state, 0, sizeof(m_display_state));
-	memset(m_display_decay, 0, sizeof(m_display_decay));
-	memset(m_display_segmask, 0, sizeof(m_display_segmask));
-
 	m_a = 0;
 	m_b = 0;
 	m_c = 0;
@@ -146,14 +117,6 @@ void hh_pic16_state::machine_start()
 	m_inp_mux = ~0;
 
 	// register for savestates
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_maxy));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_maxx));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_wait));
-
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_state));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_decay));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_segmask));
-
 	save_item(NAME(m_a));
 	save_item(NAME(m_b));
 	save_item(NAME(m_c));
@@ -173,80 +136,6 @@ void hh_pic16_state::machine_reset()
 
 ***************************************************************************/
 
-// The device may strobe the outputs very fast, it is unnoticeable to the user.
-// To prevent flickering here, we need to simulate a decay.
-
-void hh_pic16_state::display_update()
-{
-	for (int y = 0; y < m_display_maxy; y++)
-	{
-		u32 active_state = 0;
-
-		for (int x = 0; x <= m_display_maxx; x++)
-		{
-			// turn on powered segments
-			if (m_display_state[y] >> x & 1)
-				m_display_decay[y][x] = m_display_wait;
-
-			// determine active state
-			u32 ds = (m_display_decay[y][x] != 0) ? 1 : 0;
-			active_state |= (ds << x);
-
-			// output to y.x, or y.a when always-on
-			if (x != m_display_maxx)
-				m_out_x[y][x] = ds;
-			else
-				m_out_a[y] = ds;
-		}
-
-		// output to digity
-		if (m_display_segmask[y] != 0)
-			m_out_digit[y] = active_state & m_display_segmask[y];
-	}
-}
-
-TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(hh_pic16_state::display_decay_tick)
-{
-	// slowly turn off unpowered segments
-	for (int y = 0; y < m_display_maxy; y++)
-		for (int x = 0; x <= m_display_maxx; x++)
-			if (m_display_decay[y][x] != 0)
-				m_display_decay[y][x]--;
-
-	display_update();
-}
-
-void hh_pic16_state::set_display_size(int maxx, int maxy)
-{
-	m_display_maxx = maxx;
-	m_display_maxy = maxy;
-}
-
-void hh_pic16_state::set_display_segmask(u32 digits, u32 mask)
-{
-	// set a segment mask per selected digit, but leave unselected ones alone
-	for (int i = 0; i < 0x20; i++)
-	{
-		if (digits & 1)
-			m_display_segmask[i] = mask;
-		digits >>= 1;
-	}
-}
-
-void hh_pic16_state::display_matrix(int maxx, int maxy, u32 setx, u32 sety, bool update)
-{
-	set_display_size(maxx, maxy);
-
-	// update current state
-	u32 mask = (1 << maxx) - 1;
-	for (int y = 0; y < maxy; y++)
-		m_display_state[y] = (sety >> y & 1) ? ((setx & mask) | (1 << maxx)) : 0;
-
-	if (update)
-		display_update();
-}
-
-
 // generic input handlers
 
 u16 hh_pic16_state::read_inputs(int columns, u16 colmask)
@@ -401,7 +290,6 @@ void touchme_state::touchme(machine_config &config)
 	// PIC CLKOUT, tied to RTCC
 	CLOCK(config, "clock", 300000/4).signal_handler().set_inputline("maincpu", PIC16C5x_RTCC);
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_pic16_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_touchme);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -506,7 +394,6 @@ void pabball_state::pabball(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->read_c().set_ioport("IN.1");
 	m_maincpu->write_c().set(FUNC(pabball_state::write_c));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_pic16_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_hh_pic16_test);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -541,7 +428,9 @@ class melodym_state : public hh_pic16_state
 public:
 	melodym_state(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag) :
 		hh_pic16_state(mconfig, type, tag)
-	{ }
+	{
+		set_display_level(0.9);
+	}
 
 	DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER(write_b);
 	DECLARE_READ8_MEMBER(read_c);
@@ -566,7 +455,6 @@ READ8_MEMBER(melodym_state::read_c)
 WRITE8_MEMBER(melodym_state::write_c)
 {
 	// C6: both lamps
-	m_display_wait = 2;
 	display_matrix(1, 1, ~data >> 6 & 1, 1);
 
 	// C7: speaker out
@@ -627,7 +515,6 @@ void melodym_state::melodym(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->read_c().set(FUNC(melodym_state::read_c));
 	m_maincpu->write_c().set(FUNC(melodym_state::write_c));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_pic16_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_melodym);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -732,7 +619,6 @@ void maniac_state::maniac(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->write_b().set(FUNC(maniac_state::write_b));
 	m_maincpu->write_c().set(FUNC(maniac_state::write_c));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_pic16_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_maniac);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -887,7 +773,6 @@ void matchme_state::matchme(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->read_c().set(FUNC(matchme_state::read_c));
 	m_maincpu->write_c().set(FUNC(matchme_state::write_c));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_pic16_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_matchme);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1049,7 +934,6 @@ void leboom_state::leboom(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->read_c().set_constant(0xff);
 	m_maincpu->write_c().set(FUNC(leboom_state::write_c));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_pic16_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_leboom);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1165,7 +1049,6 @@ void tbaskb_state::tbaskb(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->read_c().set_constant(0xff);
 	m_maincpu->write_c().set(FUNC(tbaskb_state::write_c));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_pic16_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_tbaskb);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1288,7 +1171,6 @@ void rockpin_state::rockpin(machine_config &config)
 	// PIC CLKOUT, tied to RTCC
 	CLOCK(config, "clock", 450000/4).signal_handler().set_inputline(m_maincpu, PIC16C5x_RTCC);
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_pic16_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_rockpin);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1406,7 +1288,6 @@ void hccbaskb_state::hccbaskb(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->read_c().set_constant(0xff);
 	m_maincpu->write_c().set(FUNC(hccbaskb_state::write_c));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_pic16_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_hccbaskb);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1564,7 +1445,6 @@ void ttfball_state::ttfball(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->read_c().set_constant(0xff);
 	m_maincpu->write_c().set(FUNC(ttfball_state::write_c));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_pic16_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_ttfball);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1686,7 +1566,6 @@ void uspbball_state::uspbball(machine_config &config)
 	// PIC CLKOUT, tied to RTCC
 	CLOCK(config, "clock", 900000/4).signal_handler().set_inputline("maincpu", PIC16C5x_RTCC);
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_pic16_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_hh_pic16_test);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1827,7 +1706,6 @@ void us2pfball_state::us2pfball(machine_config &config)
 	// PIC CLKOUT, tied to RTCC
 	CLOCK(config, "clock", 800000/4).signal_handler().set_inputline("maincpu", PIC16C5x_RTCC);
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_pic16_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_us2pfball);
 
 	/* sound hardware */

src/mame/drivers/hh_tms1k.cpp

@@ -241,16 +241,9 @@
 
 void hh_tms1k_state::machine_start()
 {
-	// resolve handlers
+	screenless_state::machine_start();
-	m_out_x.resolve();
-	m_out_a.resolve();
-	m_out_digit.resolve();
 
 	// zerofill
-	memset(m_display_state, 0, sizeof(m_display_state));
-	memset(m_display_decay, 0, sizeof(m_display_decay));
-	memset(m_display_segmask, 0, sizeof(m_display_segmask));
-
 	m_o = 0;
 	m_r = 0;
 	m_inp_mux = 0;
@@ -260,15 +253,7 @@ void hh_tms1k_state::machine_start()
 	m_plate = 0;
 
 	// register for savestates
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_maxy));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_maxx));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_wait));
-
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_state));
 	/* save_item(NAME(m_power_led)); */ // don't save!
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_decay));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_segmask));
-
 	save_item(NAME(m_o));
 	save_item(NAME(m_r));
 	save_item(NAME(m_inp_mux));
@@ -290,36 +275,11 @@ void hh_tms1k_state::machine_reset()
 
 ***************************************************************************/
 
-// The device may strobe the outputs very fast, it is unnoticeable to the user.
+// display update
-// To prevent flickering here, we need to simulate a decay.
 
 void hh_tms1k_state::display_update()
 {
-	for (int y = 0; y < m_display_maxy; y++)
+	screenless_state::display_update();
-	{
-		u32 active_state = 0;
-
-		for (int x = 0; x <= m_display_maxx; x++)
-		{
-			// turn on powered segments
-			if (m_power_on && m_display_state[y] >> x & 1)
-				m_display_decay[y][x] = m_display_wait;
-
-			// determine active state
-			u32 ds = (m_display_decay[y][x] != 0) ? 1 : 0;
-			active_state |= (ds << x);
-
-			// output to y.x, or y.a when always-on
-			if (x != m_display_maxx)
-				m_out_x[y][x] = ds;
-			else
-				m_out_a[y] = ds;
-		}
-
-		// output to digity
-		if (m_display_segmask[y] != 0)
-			m_out_digit[y] = active_state & m_display_segmask[y];
-	}
 
 	// output optional power led
 	if (m_power_led != m_power_on)
@@ -329,47 +289,6 @@ void hh_tms1k_state::display_update()
 	}
 }
 
-TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick)
-{
-	// slowly turn off unpowered segments
-	for (int y = 0; y < m_display_maxy; y++)
-		for (int x = 0; x <= m_display_maxx; x++)
-			if (m_display_decay[y][x] != 0)
-				m_display_decay[y][x]--;
-
-	display_update();
-}
-
-void hh_tms1k_state::set_display_size(int maxx, int maxy)
-{
-	m_display_maxx = maxx;
-	m_display_maxy = maxy;
-}
-
-void hh_tms1k_state::set_display_segmask(u32 digits, u32 mask)
-{
-	// set a segment mask per selected digit, but leave unselected ones alone
-	for (int i = 0; i < 0x20; i++)
-	{
-		if (digits & 1)
-			m_display_segmask[i] = mask;
-		digits >>= 1;
-	}
-}
-
-void hh_tms1k_state::display_matrix(int maxx, int maxy, u32 setx, u32 sety, bool update)
-{
-	set_display_size(maxx, maxy);
-
-	// update current state
-	u32 mask = (1 << maxx) - 1;
-	for (int y = 0; y < maxy; y++)
-		m_display_state[y] = (sety >> y & 1) ? ((setx & mask) | (1 << maxx)) : 0;
-
-	if (update)
-		display_update();
-}
-
 
 // generic input handlers
 
@@ -561,7 +480,6 @@ void matchnum_state::matchnum(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(matchnum_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(matchnum_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_matchnum);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -673,7 +591,6 @@ void arrball_state::arrball(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(arrball_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(arrball_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_arrball);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -838,7 +755,6 @@ void mathmagi_state::mathmagi(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(mathmagi_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(mathmagi_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_mathmagi);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -1094,7 +1010,6 @@ void amaztron_state::amaztron(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(amaztron_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(amaztron_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_amaztron);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1254,7 +1169,6 @@ void zodiac_state::zodiac(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(zodiac_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(zodiac_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_zodiac);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1381,7 +1295,6 @@ void cqback_state::cqback(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(cqback_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(cqback_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_cqback);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1511,7 +1424,6 @@ void h2hfootb_state::h2hfootb(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(h2hfootb_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(h2hfootb_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_h2hfootb);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1697,7 +1609,6 @@ void h2hbaskb_state::h2hbaskb(machine_config &config)
 
 	TIMER(config, "cap_empty").configure_generic(FUNC(h2hbaskb_state::cap_empty_callback));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_h2hbaskb);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1859,7 +1770,6 @@ void h2hbaseb_state::h2hbaseb(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(h2hbaseb_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(h2hbaseb_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_h2hbaseb);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1983,7 +1893,6 @@ void h2hboxing_state::h2hboxing(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(h2hboxing_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(h2hboxing_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_h2hboxing);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -2166,7 +2075,6 @@ void quizwizc_state::quizwizc(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(quizwizc_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(quizwizc_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_quizwizc);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -2354,7 +2262,6 @@ void tc4_state::tc4(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(tc4_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(tc4_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_tc4);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -2482,7 +2389,6 @@ void cnbaskb_state::cnbaskb(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(cnbaskb_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(cnbaskb_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_cnbaskb);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -2607,7 +2513,6 @@ void cmsport_state::cmsport(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(cmsport_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(cmsport_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_cmsport);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -2745,7 +2650,6 @@ void cnfball_state::cnfball(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(cnfball_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(cnfball_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_cnfball);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -2884,7 +2788,6 @@ void cnfball2_state::cnfball2(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(cnfball2_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(cnfball2_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_cnfball2);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -3029,7 +2932,6 @@ void eleciq_state::eleciq(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(eleciq_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(eleciq_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_eleciq);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -3146,7 +3048,6 @@ void esoccer_state::esoccer(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(esoccer_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(esoccer_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_esoccer);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -3292,7 +3193,6 @@ void ebball_state::ebball(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(ebball_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(ebball_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_ebball);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -3427,7 +3327,6 @@ void ebball2_state::ebball2(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(ebball2_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(ebball2_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_ebball2);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -3614,7 +3513,6 @@ void ebball3_state::ebball3(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(ebball3_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(ebball3_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_ebball3);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -3737,7 +3635,6 @@ void esbattle_state::esbattle(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(esbattle_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(esbattle_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_esbattle);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -3856,11 +3753,10 @@ void einvader_state::einvader(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(939, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_einvader);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -3990,7 +3886,6 @@ void efootb4_state::efootb4(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(efootb4_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(efootb4_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_efootb4);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -4123,7 +4018,6 @@ void ebaskb2_state::ebaskb2(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(ebaskb2_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(ebaskb2_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_ebaskb2);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -4269,7 +4163,6 @@ void raisedvl_state::raisedvl(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(raisedvl_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(raisedvl_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_raisedvl);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -4404,7 +4297,6 @@ void f2pbball_state::f2pbball(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(f2pbball_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(f2pbball_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_f2pbball);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -4548,7 +4440,6 @@ void f3in1_state::f3in1(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(f3in1_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(f3in1_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_f3in1);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -4709,7 +4600,6 @@ void gpoker_state::gpoker(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(gpoker_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(gpoker_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_gpoker);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -4834,7 +4724,6 @@ void gjackpot_state::gjackpot(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(gjackpot_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(gpoker_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_gjackpot);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -4957,12 +4846,10 @@ void ginv_state::ginv(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(236, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker);
@@ -5083,12 +4970,10 @@ void ginv1000_state::ginv1000(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(226, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker);
@@ -5235,12 +5120,10 @@ void ginv2000_state::ginv2000(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(364, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker);
@@ -5391,7 +5274,6 @@ void fxmcr165_state::fxmcr165(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(fxmcr165_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(fxmcr165_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_fxmcr165);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -5532,7 +5414,6 @@ void elecdet_state::elecdet(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(elecdet_state::write_o));
 	m_maincpu->power_off().set(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::auto_power_off));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_elecdet);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -5675,7 +5556,6 @@ void starwbc_state::starwbc(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(starwbc_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(starwbc_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_starwbc);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -5824,7 +5704,6 @@ void astro_state::astro(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(astro_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(astro_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_astro);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -5992,7 +5871,6 @@ void elecbowl_state::elecbowl(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(elecbowl_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(elecbowl_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_elecbowl);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -6162,7 +6040,7 @@ void horseran_state::horseran(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	HLCD0569(config, m_lcd, 1100); // C=0.022uF
 	m_lcd->write_cols().set(FUNC(horseran_state::lcd_output_w));
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
+
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_horseran);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -6467,7 +6345,6 @@ void comp4_state::comp4(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(comp4_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(comp4_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_comp4);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -6633,7 +6510,6 @@ void bship_state::bship(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(bship_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(bship_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_bship);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -6748,7 +6624,6 @@ void bshipb_state::bshipb(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(bshipb_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(bshipb_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_bship);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -6883,7 +6758,6 @@ void simon_state::simon(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->k().set(FUNC(simon_state::read_k));
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(simon_state::write_r));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_simon);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -7049,7 +6923,6 @@ void ssimon_state::ssimon(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->k().set(FUNC(ssimon_state::read_k));
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(ssimon_state::write_r));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_ssimon);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -7103,7 +6976,7 @@ public:
 	DECLARE_READ8_MEMBER(read_k);
 
 	int m_gearbox_pos;
-	bool sensor_state() { return m_gearbox_pos < 0 && m_display_decay[0][0] != 0; }
+	bool sensor_state() { return m_gearbox_pos < 0 && display_element_on(0, 0); }
 	TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(gearbox_sim_tick);
 	void bigtrak(machine_config &config);
 
@@ -7243,7 +7116,7 @@ void bigtrak_state::bigtrak(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(bigtrak_state::write_o));
 
 	TIMER(config, "gearbox").configure_periodic(FUNC(bigtrak_state::gearbox_sim_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
+
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_bigtrak);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -7296,7 +7169,7 @@ public:
 	{ }
 
 	void prepare_display();
-	bool sensor_led_on() { return m_display_decay[0][0] != 0; }
+	bool sensor_led_on() { return display_element_on(0, 0); }
 
 	int m_motor_pos;
 	int m_motor_pos_prev;
@@ -7488,7 +7361,7 @@ void mbdtower_state::mbdtower(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(mbdtower_state::write_o));
 
 	TIMER(config, "tower_motor").configure_periodic(FUNC(mbdtower_state::motor_sim_tick), attotime::from_msec(3500/0x80)); // ~3.5sec for a full rotation
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
+
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_mbdtower);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -7610,7 +7483,6 @@ void arcmania_state::arcmania(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(arcmania_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(arcmania_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_arcmania);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -7741,7 +7613,6 @@ void cnsector_state::cnsector(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(cnsector_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(cnsector_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_cnsector);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -7871,7 +7742,6 @@ void merlin_state::merlin(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(merlin_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(merlin_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_merlin);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -7948,7 +7818,6 @@ void mmerlin_state::mmerlin(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(mmerlin_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(mmerlin_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_mmerlin);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -8077,7 +7946,6 @@ void stopthief_state::stopthief(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(stopthief_state::write_o));
 	m_maincpu->power_off().set(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::auto_power_off));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_stopthief);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -8220,7 +8088,6 @@ void bankshot_state::bankshot(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(bankshot_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(bankshot_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_bankshot);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -8349,7 +8216,6 @@ void splitsec_state::splitsec(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(splitsec_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(splitsec_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_splitsec);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -8479,7 +8345,6 @@ void lostreas_state::lostreas(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(lostreas_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(lostreas_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_lostreas);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -8620,7 +8485,6 @@ void alphie_state::alphie(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(alphie_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(alphie_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_alphie);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -8741,7 +8605,6 @@ void tcfball_state::tcfball(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(tcfball_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(tcfball_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_tcfball);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -8819,7 +8682,6 @@ void tcfballa_state::tcfballa(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(tcfballa_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(tcfballa_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_tcfballa);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -8995,7 +8857,6 @@ void tandy12_state::tandy12(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(tandy12_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(tandy12_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_tandy12);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -9115,7 +8976,6 @@ void monkeysee_state::monkeysee(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(monkeysee_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(monkeysee_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_monkeysee);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -9276,7 +9136,6 @@ void speechp_state::speechp(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(speechp_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(speechp_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_speechp);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -9373,7 +9232,6 @@ void timaze_state::timaze(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(timaze_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(timaze_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_timaze);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -9524,7 +9382,6 @@ void tithermos_state::tithermos(machine_config &config)
 
 	CLOCK(config, "ac_line", 60).signal_handler().set_nop();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_tithermos);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -9642,7 +9499,6 @@ void copycat_state::copycat(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(copycat_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(copycat_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_copycat);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -9730,7 +9586,6 @@ void copycatm2_state::copycatm2(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(copycatm2_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(copycatm2_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_copycatm2);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -9813,7 +9668,6 @@ void ditto_state::ditto(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(ditto_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(ditto_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_ditto);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -9941,7 +9795,6 @@ void ss7in1_state::ss7in1(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(ss7in1_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(ss7in1_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_7in1ss);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -10150,7 +10003,6 @@ void tbreakup_state::tbreakup(machine_config &config)
 	m_expander->write_port6_callback().set(FUNC(tbreakup_state::expander_w));
 	m_expander->write_port7_callback().set(FUNC(tbreakup_state::expander_w));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_tbreakup);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -10281,7 +10133,6 @@ void phpball_state::phpball(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(phpball_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(phpball_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_phpball);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -10429,7 +10280,6 @@ void ssports4_state::ssports4(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(ssports4_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(ssports4_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_ssports4);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -10605,7 +10455,6 @@ void xl25_state::xl25(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(xl25_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(xl25_state::write_o));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_xl25);
 
 	/* sound hardware */

src/mame/drivers/hh_ucom4.cpp

@@ -65,11 +65,6 @@
 
   (* means undumped unless noted, @ denotes it's in this driver)
 
-
-TODO:
-  - games that rely on the fact that faster/longer strobed elements appear brighter:
-    tactix(player 2)
-
 ***************************************************************************/
 
 #include "emu.h"
@@ -97,16 +92,9 @@ TODO:
 
 void hh_ucom4_state::machine_start()
 {
-	// resolve handlers
+	screenless_state::machine_start();
-	m_out_x.resolve();
-	m_out_a.resolve();
-	m_out_digit.resolve();
 
 	// zerofill
-	memset(m_display_state, 0, sizeof(m_display_state));
-	memset(m_display_decay, 0, sizeof(m_display_decay));
-	memset(m_display_segmask, 0, sizeof(m_display_segmask));
-
 	memset(m_port, 0, sizeof(m_port));
 	m_int = 0;
 	m_inp_mux = 0;
@@ -114,14 +102,6 @@ void hh_ucom4_state::machine_start()
 	m_plate = 0;
 
 	// register for savestates
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_maxy));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_maxx));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_wait));
-
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_state));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_decay));
-	save_item(NAME(m_display_segmask));
-
 	save_item(NAME(m_port));
 	save_item(NAME(m_int));
 	save_item(NAME(m_inp_mux));
@@ -142,80 +122,6 @@ void hh_ucom4_state::machine_reset()
 
 ***************************************************************************/
 
-// The device may strobe the outputs very fast, it is unnoticeable to the user.
-// To prevent flickering here, we need to simulate a decay.
-
-void hh_ucom4_state::display_update()
-{
-	for (int y = 0; y < m_display_maxy; y++)
-	{
-		u32 active_state = 0;
-
-		for (int x = 0; x <= m_display_maxx; x++)
-		{
-			// turn on powered segments
-			if (m_display_state[y] >> x & 1)
-				m_display_decay[y][x] = m_display_wait;
-
-			// determine active state
-			u32 ds = (m_display_decay[y][x] != 0) ? 1 : 0;
-			active_state |= (ds << x);
-
-			// output to y.x, or y.a when always-on
-			if (x != m_display_maxx)
-				m_out_x[y][x] = ds;
-			else
-				m_out_a[y] = ds;
-		}
-
-		// output to digity
-		if (m_display_segmask[y] != 0)
-			m_out_digit[y] = active_state & m_display_segmask[y];
-	}
-}
-
-TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick)
-{
-	// slowly turn off unpowered segments
-	for (int y = 0; y < m_display_maxy; y++)
-		for (int x = 0; x <= m_display_maxx; x++)
-			if (m_display_decay[y][x] != 0)
-				m_display_decay[y][x]--;
-
-	display_update();
-}
-
-void hh_ucom4_state::set_display_size(int maxx, int maxy)
-{
-	m_display_maxx = maxx;
-	m_display_maxy = maxy;
-}
-
-void hh_ucom4_state::set_display_segmask(u32 digits, u32 mask)
-{
-	// set a segment mask per selected digit, but leave unselected ones alone
-	for (int i = 0; i < 0x20; i++)
-	{
-		if (digits & 1)
-			m_display_segmask[i] = mask;
-		digits >>= 1;
-	}
-}
-
-void hh_ucom4_state::display_matrix(int maxx, int maxy, u32 setx, u32 sety, bool update)
-{
-	set_display_size(maxx, maxy);
-
-	// update current state
-	u32 mask = (1 << maxx) - 1;
-	for (int y = 0; y < maxy; y++)
-		m_display_state[y] = (sety >> y & 1) ? ((setx & mask) | (1 << maxx)) : 0;
-
-	if (update)
-		display_update();
-}
-
-
 // generic input handlers
 
 u8 hh_ucom4_state::read_inputs(int columns)
@@ -365,12 +271,10 @@ void ufombs_state::ufombs(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(243, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker);
@@ -523,12 +427,10 @@ void ssfball_state::ssfball(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 482);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker);
@@ -670,12 +572,10 @@ void bmsoccer_state::bmsoccer(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(271, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker);
@@ -788,12 +688,10 @@ void bmsafari_state::bmsafari(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(248, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker);
@@ -950,12 +848,10 @@ void splasfgt_state::splasfgt(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 476);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker);
@@ -1065,12 +961,10 @@ void bcclimbr_state::bcclimbr(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(310, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker);
@@ -1193,7 +1087,6 @@ void tactix_state::tactix(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->write_f().set(FUNC(tactix_state::leds_w));
 	m_maincpu->write_g().set(FUNC(tactix_state::speaker_w));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_tactix);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1333,7 +1226,6 @@ void ctntune_state::ctntune(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->write_f().set(FUNC(ctntune_state::_7seg_w));
 	m_maincpu->write_g().set(FUNC(ctntune_state::speaker_w));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_ctntune);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1440,12 +1332,10 @@ void invspace_state::invspace(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(289, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker);
@@ -1564,7 +1454,6 @@ void efball_state::efball(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->write_h().set(FUNC(efball_state::grid_w));
 	m_maincpu->write_i().set(FUNC(efball_state::plate_w));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_efball);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1674,12 +1563,10 @@ void galaxy2_state::galaxy2(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(304, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker);
@@ -1813,12 +1700,10 @@ void astrocmd_state::astrocmd(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 525);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker);
@@ -1920,12 +1805,10 @@ void edracula_state::edracula(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 526);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker);
@@ -2013,7 +1896,7 @@ void mcompgin_state::mcompgin(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	HLCD0530(config, m_lcd, 500); // C=0.01uF
 	m_lcd->write_cols().set(FUNC(mcompgin_state::lcd_output_w));
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
+
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_mcompgin);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -2120,7 +2003,6 @@ void mvbfree_state::mvbfree(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->write_h().set(FUNC(mvbfree_state::grid_w));
 	m_maincpu->write_i().set(FUNC(mvbfree_state::speaker_w));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_mvbfree);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -2242,7 +2124,6 @@ void grobot9_state::grobot9(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->write_e().set(FUNC(grobot9_state::lamps_w));
 	m_maincpu->write_f().set(FUNC(grobot9_state::lamps_w));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_grobot9);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -2345,12 +2226,10 @@ void tccombat_state::tccombat(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(300, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker);
@@ -2509,11 +2388,10 @@ void tmtennis_state::tmtennis(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 417);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_tmtennis);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -2630,12 +2508,10 @@ void tmpacman_state::tmpacman(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 508);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker);
@@ -2744,12 +2620,10 @@ void tmscramb_state::tmscramb(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 556);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker);
@@ -2854,12 +2728,10 @@ void tcaveman_state::tcaveman(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(1920, 559);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker);
@@ -2998,12 +2870,10 @@ void alnchase_state::alnchase(machine_config &config)
 	/* video hardware */
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(365, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	/* sound hardware */
 	SPEAKER(config, "mono").front_center();
 	SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_speaker);

src/mame/drivers/mattelchess.cpp

@@ -208,7 +208,7 @@ void mchess_state::mchess(machine_config &config)
 
 	screen_device &screen(SCREEN(config, "screen", SCREEN_TYPE_SVG));
 	screen.set_svg_region("svg");
-	screen.set_refresh_hz(50);
+	screen.set_refresh_hz(60);
 	screen.set_size(977, 1080);
 	screen.set_visarea_full();
 

src/mame/drivers/tb303.cpp

@@ -269,8 +269,6 @@ void tb303_state::tb303(machine_config &config)
 	tp3_clock.set_start_delay(TP3_PERIOD - TP3_LOW);
 	TIMER(config, "tp3_clear").configure_periodic(FUNC(tb303_state::tp3_clear), TP3_PERIOD);
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
-
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_tb303);
 
 	/* sound hardware */

src/mame/drivers/ticalc1x.cpp

@@ -197,7 +197,6 @@ void cmulti8_state::cmulti8(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(cmulti8_state::write_o));
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(cmulti8_state::write_r));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_cmulti8);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -425,7 +424,6 @@ void tisr16_state::tisr16(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(tisr16_state::write_o));
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(tisr16_state::write_r));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_tisr16);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -588,7 +586,6 @@ void ti1250_state::ti1250(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(ti1250_state::write_o));
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(ti1250_state::write_r));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_ti1250);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -760,7 +757,6 @@ void ti25503_state::ti25503(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(ti25503_state::write_o));
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(ti25503_state::write_r));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_ti25503);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -874,7 +870,6 @@ void ti1000_state::ti1000(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(ti1000_state::write_o));
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(ti1000_state::write_r));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_ti1270);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -991,7 +986,6 @@ void wizatron_state::wizatron(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(wizatron_state::write_o));
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(wizatron_state::write_r));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_wizatron);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -1083,7 +1077,6 @@ void lilprof_state::lilprof(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(lilprof_state::write_o));
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(wizatron_state::write_r));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_wizatron);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -1211,7 +1204,6 @@ void lilprof78_state::lilprof78(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(lilprof78_state::write_o));
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(lilprof78_state::write_r));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_wizatron);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -1341,7 +1333,6 @@ void dataman_state::dataman(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(dataman_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->power_off().set(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::auto_power_off));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_dataman);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -1424,7 +1415,6 @@ void mathmarv_state::mathmarv(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(mathmarv_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->power_off().set(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::auto_power_off));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_mathmarv);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1699,7 +1689,6 @@ void ti30_state::ti30(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(ti30_state::write_r));
 	m_maincpu->power_off().set(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::auto_power_off));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_ti30);
 
 	/* no sound! */

src/mame/drivers/tispeak.cpp

@@ -466,7 +466,7 @@ public:
 private:
 	virtual void power_off() override;
 	void prepare_display();
-	bool vfd_filament_on() { return m_display_decay[15][16] != 0; }
+	bool vfd_filament_on() { return display_element_on(16, 15); }
 
 	DECLARE_READ8_MEMBER(snspell_read_k);
 	DECLARE_WRITE16_MEMBER(snmath_write_o);
@@ -1319,7 +1319,6 @@ void tispeak_state::snmath(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->write_ctl().set("tms5100", FUNC(tms5110_device::ctl_w));
 	m_maincpu->write_pdc().set("tms5100", FUNC(tms5110_device::pdc_w));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_snmath);
 
 	/* sound hardware */
@@ -1460,7 +1459,6 @@ void tispeak_state::vocaid(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(tispeak_state::snspellc_write_o));
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(tispeak_state::snspellc_write_r));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	TIMER(config, "ol_timer").configure_periodic(FUNC(tispeak_state::tntell_get_overlay), attotime::from_msec(50));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_tntell);
 
@@ -1492,7 +1490,6 @@ void tispeak_state::k28m2(machine_config &config)
 	m_maincpu->o().set(FUNC(tispeak_state::k28_write_o));
 	m_maincpu->r().set(FUNC(tispeak_state::k28_write_r));
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_k28m2);
 
 	/* sound hardware */

src/mame/drivers/tispellb.cpp

@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ private:
 
 	virtual void power_off() override;
 	void prepare_display();
-	bool vfd_filament_on() { return m_display_decay[15][16] != 0; }
+	bool vfd_filament_on() { return display_element_on(16, 15); }
 
 	DECLARE_READ8_MEMBER(main_read_k);
 	DECLARE_WRITE16_MEMBER(main_write_o);
@@ -363,7 +363,6 @@ void tispellb_state::rev1(machine_config &config)
 
 	config.m_perfect_cpu_quantum = subtag("maincpu");
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_spellb);
 
 	/* no sound! */
@@ -383,7 +382,6 @@ void tispellb_state::rev2(machine_config &config)
 	TMS6100(config, m_tms6100, 350000);
 	m_tms6100->enable_4bit_mode(true);
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_tms1k_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_spellb);
 
 	/* sound hardware */

src/mame/drivers/tr606.cpp

@@ -90,7 +90,6 @@ void tr606_state::tr606(machine_config &config)
 	tp3_clock.set_start_delay(TP3_PERIOD - TP3_LOW);
 	TIMER(config, "tp3_clear").configure_periodic(FUNC(tr606_state::tp3_clear), TP3_PERIOD);
 
-	TIMER(config, "display_decay").configure_periodic(FUNC(hh_ucom4_state::display_decay_tick), attotime::from_msec(1));
 	config.set_default_layout(layout_tr606);
 
 	/* sound hardware */

src/mame/includes/hh_tms1k.h

@@ -11,6 +11,8 @@
 
 #pragma once
 
+#include "includes/screenless.h"
+
 #include "cpu/tms1000/tms1000.h"
 #include "cpu/tms1000/tms1000c.h"
 #include "cpu/tms1000/tms1100.h"
@@ -24,28 +26,19 @@
 #include "sound/spkrdev.h"
 
 
-class hh_tms1k_state : public driver_device
+class hh_tms1k_state : public screenless_state
 {
 public:
 	hh_tms1k_state(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag) :
-		driver_device(mconfig, type, tag),
+		screenless_state(mconfig, type, tag),
 		m_maincpu(*this, "maincpu"),
 		m_inp_matrix(*this, "IN.%u", 0),
-		m_out_x(*this, "%u.%u", 0U, 0U),
+		m_speaker(*this, "speaker")
-		m_out_a(*this, "%u.a", 0U),
-		m_out_digit(*this, "digit%u", 0U),
-		m_speaker(*this, "speaker"),
-		m_display_wait(33),
-		m_display_maxy(1),
-		m_display_maxx(0)
 	{ }
 
 	// devices
 	required_device<tms1k_base_device> m_maincpu;
 	optional_ioport_array<18> m_inp_matrix; // max 18
-	output_finder<0x20, 0x20> m_out_x;
-	output_finder<0x20> m_out_a;
-	output_finder<0x20> m_out_digit;
 	optional_device<speaker_sound_device> m_speaker;
 
 	// misc common
@@ -55,6 +48,9 @@ public:
 	bool m_power_on;
 	bool m_power_led;
 
+	u32 m_grid;                     // VFD/LED current row data
+	u32 m_plate;                    // VFD/LED current column data
+
 	u8 read_inputs(int columns);
 	u8 read_rotated_inputs(int columns, u8 rowmask = 0xf);
 	virtual DECLARE_INPUT_CHANGED_MEMBER(reset_button);
@@ -66,27 +62,11 @@ public:
 	template<int Sel> DECLARE_INPUT_CHANGED_MEMBER(switch_next) { if (newval) switch_change(Sel, (u32)(uintptr_t)param, true); }
 	template<int Sel> DECLARE_INPUT_CHANGED_MEMBER(switch_prev) { if (newval) switch_change(Sel, (u32)(uintptr_t)param, false); }
 
-	// display common
-	int m_display_wait;             // led/lamp off-delay in milliseconds (default 33ms)
-	int m_display_maxy;             // display matrix number of rows
-	int m_display_maxx;             // display matrix number of columns (max 31 for now)
-
-	u32 m_grid;                     // VFD/LED current row data
-	u32 m_plate;                    // VFD/LED current column data
-
-	u32 m_display_state[0x20];      // display matrix rows data (last bit is used for always-on)
-	u16 m_display_segmask[0x20];    // if not 0, display matrix row is a digit, mask indicates connected segments
-	u8 m_display_decay[0x20][0x20]; // (internal use)
-
-	TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(display_decay_tick);
-	void display_update();
-	void set_display_size(int maxx, int maxy);
-	void set_display_segmask(u32 digits, u32 mask);
-	void display_matrix(int maxx, int maxy, u32 setx, u32 sety, bool update = true);
-
 protected:
 	virtual void machine_start() override;
 	virtual void machine_reset() override;
+
+	virtual void display_update() override;
 };
 
 

src/mame/includes/hh_ucom4.h

@@ -9,33 +9,26 @@
 #ifndef MAME_INCLUDES_HH_UCOM4_H
 #define MAME_INCLUDES_HH_UCOM4_H
 
+#include "includes/screenless.h"
+
 #include "cpu/ucom4/ucom4.h"
 #include "machine/timer.h"
 #include "sound/spkrdev.h"
 
 
-class hh_ucom4_state : public driver_device
+class hh_ucom4_state : public screenless_state
 {
 public:
 	hh_ucom4_state(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag) :
-		driver_device(mconfig, type, tag),
+		screenless_state(mconfig, type, tag),
 		m_maincpu(*this, "maincpu"),
 		m_inp_matrix(*this, "IN.%u", 0),
-		m_out_x(*this, "%u.%u", 0U, 0U),
+		m_speaker(*this, "speaker")
-		m_out_a(*this, "%u.a", 0U),
-		m_out_digit(*this, "digit%u", 0U),
-		m_speaker(*this, "speaker"),
-		m_display_wait(33),
-		m_display_maxy(1),
-		m_display_maxx(0)
 	{ }
 
 	// devices
 	required_device<ucom4_cpu_device> m_maincpu;
 	optional_ioport_array<6> m_inp_matrix; // max 6
-	output_finder<0x20, 0x20> m_out_x;
-	output_finder<0x20> m_out_a;
-	output_finder<0x20> m_out_digit;
 	optional_device<speaker_sound_device> m_speaker;
 
 	// misc common
@@ -43,29 +36,14 @@ public:
 	u8 m_int;                       // MCU INT pin state
 	u16 m_inp_mux;                  // multiplexed inputs mask
 
+	u32 m_grid;                     // VFD current row data
+	u32 m_plate;                    // VFD current column data
+
 	u8 read_inputs(int columns);
 	void refresh_interrupts(void);
 	void set_interrupt(int state);
 	DECLARE_INPUT_CHANGED_MEMBER(single_interrupt_line);
 
-	// display common
-	int m_display_wait;             // led/lamp off-delay in milliseconds (default 33ms)
-	int m_display_maxy;             // display matrix number of rows
-	int m_display_maxx;             // display matrix number of columns (max 31 for now)
-
-	u32 m_grid;                     // VFD current row data
-	u32 m_plate;                    // VFD current column data
-
-	u32 m_display_state[0x20];      // display matrix rows data (last bit is used for always-on)
-	u16 m_display_segmask[0x20];    // if not 0, display matrix row is a digit, mask indicates connected segments
-	u8 m_display_decay[0x20][0x20]; // (internal use)
-
-	TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(display_decay_tick);
-	void display_update();
-	void set_display_size(int maxx, int maxy);
-	void set_display_segmask(u32 digits, u32 mask);
-	void display_matrix(int maxx, int maxy, u32 setx, u32 sety, bool update = true);
-
 protected:
 	virtual void machine_start() override;
 	virtual void machine_reset() override;

src/mame/includes/screenless.h

@@ -0,0 +1,75 @@
+// license:BSD-3-Clause
+// copyright-holders:hap
+/******************************************************************************
+
+  Generic screenless base class
+
+  implementation is in machine/screenless.cpp
+
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#ifndef MAME_INCLUDES_SCREENLESS_H
+#define MAME_INCLUDES_SCREENLESS_H
+
+#pragma once
+
+class screenless_state : public driver_device
+{
+public:
+	screenless_state(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag) :
+		driver_device(mconfig, type, tag),
+		m_out_x(*this, "%u.%u", 0U, 0U),
+		m_out_a(*this, "%u.a", 0U),
+		m_out_digit(*this, "digit%u", 0U),
+		m_display_maxy(0),
+		m_display_maxx(-1)
+	{
+		// set defaults (60hz frames, 0.5 interpolation, 1 brightness level)
+		set_display_duration(attotime::from_hz(60));
+		set_display_factor(0.5);
+		reset_display_levels();
+		set_display_level(0.015);
+	}
+
+protected:
+	output_finder<0x20, 0x40> m_out_x; // max 32, 63
+	output_finder<0x20> m_out_a;
+	output_finder<0x20> m_out_digit;
+
+	int m_display_maxy;             // display matrix number of rows
+	int m_display_maxx;             // display matrix number of columns
+	u64 m_display_state[0x20];      // display matrix rows data (last bit is used for always-on)
+	u16 m_display_segmask[0x20];    // if not 0, display matrix row is a digit, mask indicates connected segments
+
+	void set_display_duration(attotime duration);
+	void set_display_factor(double factor);
+
+	void reset_display_levels();
+	void set_display_level(double level, u8 i = 0);
+	void set_display_levels(u8 levels, ...);
+
+	void set_display_size(int maxx, int maxy);
+	void set_display_segmask(u32 digits, u32 mask);
+	void display_matrix(int maxx, int maxy, u64 setx, u32 sety, bool update = true);
+	virtual void display_update();
+	bool display_element_on(u32 x, u32 y);
+
+	virtual void machine_start() override;
+
+private:
+	u64 m_ds_prev[0x20];
+	double m_ds_bri[0x20][0x40];
+	attotime m_ds_acc[0x20][0x40];
+	attotime m_ds_update_time;
+	attotime m_ds_frame_time;
+	attotime m_ds_frame_time_set;
+	double m_ds_frame_factor;
+	double m_ds_level[0x100];
+
+	emu_timer *m_display_frame_timer;
+	TIMER_CALLBACK_MEMBER(display_frame);
+	void display_schedule_frame();
+};
+
+
+#endif // MAME_INCLUDES_SCREENLESS_H

src/mame/layout/wildfire.lay

@@ -9,7 +9,8 @@
 
 	<element name="led" defstate="0">
 		<disk state="0"><color red="0.14" green="0.02" blue="0.03" /></disk>
-		<disk state="1"><color red="1.0" green="0.20" blue="0.22" /></disk>
+		<disk state="1"><color red="0.6" green="0.12" blue="0.13" /></disk>
+		<disk state="2"><color red="1.0" green="0.20" blue="0.22" /></disk>
 	</element>
 
 

src/mame/machine/chessbase.cpp

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ greatly affecting user playability of emulated electronic board games.
 As workaround for the chess games, use an external chess GUI on the side,
 such as Arena(in editmode).
 
+TODO:
+- use screenless class
+
 ******************************************************************************/
 
 #include "emu.h"

src/mame/machine/screenless.cpp

@@ -0,0 +1,205 @@
+// license:BSD-3-Clause
+// copyright-holders:hap
+/******************************************************************************
+
+Generic screenless base class
+
+This file contains helpers for strobed display elements.
+
+TODO:
+- multiple brightness levels doesn't work for SVGs
+
+******************************************************************************/
+
+#include "emu.h"
+#include "includes/screenless.h"
+
+#include <algorithm>
+
+
+// machine start
+
+ALLOW_SAVE_TYPE(attotime); // m_ds_acc
+
+void screenless_state::machine_start()
+{
+	// resolve handlers
+	m_out_x.resolve();
+	m_out_a.resolve();
+	m_out_digit.resolve();
+
+	// initialize
+	std::fill_n(m_display_state, ARRAY_LENGTH(m_display_state), 0);
+	std::fill_n(m_ds_prev, ARRAY_LENGTH(m_ds_prev), 0);
+	std::fill_n(m_display_segmask, ARRAY_LENGTH(m_display_segmask), 0);
+	std::fill_n(*m_ds_bri, ARRAY_LENGTH(m_ds_bri) * ARRAY_LENGTH(m_ds_bri[0]), 0.0);
+
+	m_display_frame_timer = machine().scheduler().timer_alloc(timer_expired_delegate(FUNC(screenless_state::display_frame),this));
+	display_schedule_frame();
+	m_ds_update_time = machine().time();
+
+	// register for savestates
+	save_item(NAME(m_display_maxy));
+	save_item(NAME(m_display_maxx));
+	save_item(NAME(m_display_state));
+	save_item(NAME(m_display_segmask));
+
+	save_item(NAME(m_ds_prev));
+	save_item(NAME(m_ds_bri));
+	save_item(NAME(m_ds_acc));
+	save_item(NAME(m_ds_update_time));
+	save_item(NAME(m_ds_frame_time));
+	save_item(NAME(m_ds_frame_time_set));
+	save_item(NAME(m_ds_frame_factor));
+	save_item(NAME(m_ds_level));
+}
+
+
+// public interface
+
+void screenless_state::set_display_duration(attotime duration)
+{
+	// set frame duration
+	m_ds_frame_time_set = duration;
+}
+
+void screenless_state::set_display_factor(double factor)
+{
+	// set frame interpolation (factor * curframe, 1.0-factor * prev frame)
+	// factor range is 0.0 to 1.0
+	m_ds_frame_factor = factor;
+}
+
+void screenless_state::reset_display_levels()
+{
+	std::fill_n(m_ds_level, ARRAY_LENGTH(m_ds_level), 1.0);
+}
+
+void screenless_state::set_display_level(double level, u8 i)
+{
+	// set a brightness level, range is 0.0 to 1.0
+	m_ds_level[i] = level;
+}
+
+void screenless_state::set_display_levels(u8 levels, ...)
+{
+	// set multiple brightness levels
+	va_list v;
+	va_start(v, levels);
+	for (int i = 0; i < levels; i++)
+		m_ds_level[i] = va_arg(v, double);
+
+	m_ds_level[levels] = 1.0;
+}
+
+void screenless_state::set_display_size(int maxx, int maxy)
+{
+	m_display_maxx = maxx;
+	m_display_maxy = maxy;
+}
+
+void screenless_state::set_display_segmask(u32 digits, u32 mask)
+{
+	// set a segment mask per selected digit, but leave unselected ones alone
+	for (int i = 0; i < 0x20; i++)
+	{
+		if (digits & 1)
+			m_display_segmask[i] = mask;
+		digits >>= 1;
+	}
+}
+
+void screenless_state::display_matrix(int maxx, int maxy, u64 setx, u32 sety, bool update)
+{
+	set_display_size(maxx, maxy);
+
+	// update current state
+	u64 mask = (u64(1) << maxx) - 1;
+	for (int y = 0; y < maxy; y++)
+		m_display_state[y] = (sety >> y & 1) ? ((setx & mask) | (u64(1) << maxx)) : 0;
+
+	if (update)
+		display_update();
+}
+
+void screenless_state::display_update()
+{
+	// call this every time m_display_state is changed (automatic with display_matrix)
+	const attotime now = machine().time();
+	const attotime diff = (m_ds_update_time >= now) ? attotime::zero : now - m_ds_update_time;
+
+	// accumulate active time
+	for (int y = 0; y < m_display_maxy; y++)
+	{
+		u64 row = m_ds_prev[y];
+		m_ds_prev[y] = m_display_state[y];
+
+		if (diff != attotime::zero)
+		{
+			for (int x = 0; x <= m_display_maxx; x++)
+			{
+				if (BIT(row, x))
+					m_ds_acc[y][x] += diff;
+			}
+		}
+	}
+
+	m_ds_update_time = now;
+}
+
+bool screenless_state::display_element_on(u32 x, u32 y)
+{
+	// display element active state
+	return m_ds_bri[y][x] > m_ds_level[0];
+}
+
+
+// internal handlers
+
+void screenless_state::display_schedule_frame()
+{
+	std::fill_n(*m_ds_acc, ARRAY_LENGTH(m_ds_acc) * ARRAY_LENGTH(m_ds_acc[0]), attotime::zero);
+
+	m_ds_frame_time = m_ds_frame_time_set;
+	m_display_frame_timer->adjust(m_ds_frame_time);
+}
+
+TIMER_CALLBACK_MEMBER(screenless_state::display_frame)
+{
+	display_update();
+
+	const double frame_time = m_ds_frame_time.as_double();
+	const double factor0 = m_ds_frame_factor;
+	const double factor1 = 1.0 - factor0;
+
+	for (int y = 0; y < m_display_maxy; y++)
+	{
+		u64 row = 0;
+
+		for (int x = 0; x <= m_display_maxx; x++)
+		{
+			// determine brightness level
+			double bri = m_ds_bri[y][x] * factor1 + (m_ds_acc[y][x].as_double() / frame_time) * factor0;
+			if (bri > 1.0) bri = 1.0; // shouldn't happen
+			m_ds_bri[y][x] = bri;
+
+			u8 level;
+			for (level = 0; bri > m_ds_level[level]; level++) { ; }
+
+			if (level > 0)
+				row |= (u64(1) << x);
+
+			// output to y.x, or y.a when always-on
+			if (x != m_display_maxx)
+				m_out_x[y][x] = level;
+			else
+				m_out_a[y] = level;
+		}
+
+		// output to digity
+		if (m_display_segmask[y] != 0)
+			m_out_digit[y] = row & m_display_segmask[y];
+	}
+
+	display_schedule_frame();
+}