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linn/linndrum.cpp: First pass at audio emulation. (#13458)
* linn/linndrum.cpp: First pass at audio emulation. Promoted to working. * linndrum: Remove stray & from tom variation calculation.
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@ -10,14 +10,64 @@ The firmware runs on a Z80. It controls the UI (reads buttons, drives displays
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and LEDs), synchronization with other devices, cassette I/O, and voice
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triggering.
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The LinnDrum has 12-voice polyphony, not including the "click" (metronome).
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It has a total of 15 voices, along with a "click" sound. Some of the voices have
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variations, which brings the total to 24 different sounds.
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The LinnDrum has 10 voice cores, not including the "click" (metronome) and
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"beep" sounds. Many of the voices have variations (loudness, pitch, sample
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selection, decay time), bringing the number of possible sounds to 28. However,
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end-users can only trigger 23 sounds, and can control mixing and panning
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for 15 of them (some are grouped together). Each voice core can run
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independently, for a max polyphony of 10. Only one variation per core can be
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active at a time. The "click" and "beep" sounds can be played independently of
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each other and the voice cores.
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There are multiple voice architectures:
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* The "mux drums" section consists of 8 voice cores. Bass, cabasa, tambourine,
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clap and cowbell (4K samples each), hi-hat (16K) and ride and crash cymbals
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(32K each). Voices other than the clap and cowbell can be attenuated, to
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create 2 loudness variations. The clap and cowbell always play at full volume.
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There is a single, time-multiplexed DAC used for all voices, and each voice
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has its own output. All 8 voices can be played simultaneously, but only a
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single loudness variation of each. The bass drum is post-processed by a
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CEM3320 VCF with a hardcoded envelope, but all other voices lack a
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reconstruction filter. The hat is post-processed by a CEM3360 VCA, which can
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operate in 2 variations: slow decay (open hat) and faster, user-controlled
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decay (closed hat). There's a single clock for all voices, which is tuned by
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a trimmer on the circuit board.
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* The "snare / sidestick" section consists of a single voice core (and single
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DAC) which can either play the sidestick, or the snare voice (4K samples
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each). The two voices have individual outputs, and their volume and pan can be
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set independently. There are 4 possible loudness variations for each voice,
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though the end-user only has access to 3 for the snare and 1 for the
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sidestick. The voice core output is post-processed by a single-pole lowpass RC
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filter. The end-user can control the sample rate via a tuning knob.
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This section also includes the circuit for the "click" sound (metronome),
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which triggers pulses of fixed length, and the circuit for the "beep" sound,
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which allows the firmware to generate pulses of arbitrary length.
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* The "tom / conga" section is similar to the "snare / sidestick" one. It
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consists of a single voice core (and single DAC) which can either play the tom
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or the conga voice (8K samples each). There are 3 pitch variations for the
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tom, and 2 pitch variations for the conga. The end-user can set the 5 pitches
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using the corresponding tuning knobs. Each of those 5 variations has its own
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output, and can be mixed and panned independently, even though only a single
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one can be active at a time. All variations are post-processed by a CEM3320
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VCF with a hardcoded envelope.
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The driver is based on the LinnDrum's service manual and schematics, and is
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intended as an educational tool.
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Most of the digital functionality is emulated. Audio is not yet emulated.
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Most of the digital functionality is emulated. Audio is partially emulated.
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Reasons for MACHINE_IMPERFECT_SOUND:
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* Missing a few sample checksums.
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* Volume and pan sliders don't work yet.
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* Tuning knobs and trimmers don't work yet (no tom and conga variations).
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* Missing bass drum LPF and filter envelope.
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* Missing snare / sidestick volume envelope.
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* Missing hi-hat volume envelope (open and closed hats will sound the same.
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Decay knob is inoperative).
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* Missing tom / conga LPF and filter envelope.
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PCBoards:
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* CPU board. 2 sections in schematics:
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@ -33,14 +83,12 @@ PCBoards:
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Usage:
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The driver includes an interactive layout.
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The driver includes an interactive layout. Make sure to enable plugins so that
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sliders and knobs can be manipulated with the mouse. It is recommended to run
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with a high sample rate.
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Since there is no audio, the driver logs triggers and other info. To see those,
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run the driver with `-log`:
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./mame -window linndrum -log
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Tail the log file:
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(on linux): tail -f error.log
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Example:
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./mame -window -samplerate 96000 -plugins -plugin layout linndrum
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*/
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#include "emu.h"
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@ -49,6 +97,11 @@ Tail the log file:
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#include "machine/output_latch.h"
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#include "machine/rescap.h"
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#include "machine/timer.h"
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#include "sound/dac76.h"
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#include "sound/flt_rc.h"
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#include "sound/flt_vol.h"
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#include "sound/spkrdev.h"
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#include "speaker.h"
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#include "linn_linndrum.lh"
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@ -56,25 +109,449 @@ Tail the log file:
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#define LOG_DEBOUNCE (1U << 2)
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#define LOG_TEMPO (1U << 3)
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#define LOG_TEMPO_CHANGE (1U << 4)
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#define LOG_TRIGGERS (1U << 5)
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#define LOG_STROBES (1U << 5)
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#define LOG_TAPE_SYNC_ENABLE (1U << 6)
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#define LOG_VOLUME (1U << 7)
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#define VERBOSE (LOG_GENERAL | LOG_TEMPO_CHANGE | LOG_TAPE_SYNC_ENABLE | LOG_TRIGGERS)
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#define VERBOSE (LOG_GENERAL | LOG_STROBES)
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//#define LOG_OUTPUT_FUNC osd_printf_info
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#include "logmacro.h"
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namespace {
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enum mux_voices
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{
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TAMBOURINE = 0,
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CABASA,
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CLAP,
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COWBELL,
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BASS,
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HAT,
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RIDE,
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CRASH,
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NUM_MUX_VOICES
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};
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} // anonymous namespace
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class linndrum_audio_device : public device_t
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{
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public:
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linndrum_audio_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, u32 clock = 0) ATTR_COLD;
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void voice_data_enable_w(int state);
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template <int Voice> void strobe_mux_drum_w(u8 data);
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void strobe_snare_w(u8 data); // Snare and sidestick.
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void strobe_tom_w(u8 data); // Tom and conga.
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void strobe_click_w(u8 data);
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void beep_w(int state);
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protected:
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void device_add_mconfig(machine_config &config) override ATTR_COLD;
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void device_start() override ATTR_COLD;
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private:
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static void write_dac(dac76_device& dac, u8 sample);
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void set_mux_drum_volume(int voice, bool d1);
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void set_snare_volume(bool d3, bool d2);
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u8 get_voice_data(u8 data) const;
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TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(mux_timer_tick);
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TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(snare_timer_tick);
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TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(click_timer_tick);
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TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(tom_timer_tick);
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// Mux drums.
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required_memory_region_array<NUM_MUX_VOICES> m_mux_samples;
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required_device_array<dac76_device, NUM_MUX_VOICES> m_mux_dac; // AM6070 (U88).
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required_device_array<filter_volume_device, NUM_MUX_VOICES> m_mux_volume; // CD4053 (U90), R60, R62.
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std::array<bool, NUM_MUX_VOICES> m_mux_counting = { false, false, false, false, false, false, false, false };
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std::array<u16, NUM_MUX_VOICES> m_mux_counters = { 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0 };
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// Snare / sidestick.
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required_memory_region m_snare_samples; // 2732 ROM (U79).
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required_memory_region m_sidestick_samples; // 2732 ROMs (U78).
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required_device<dac76_device> m_snare_dac; // AM6070 (U92).
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required_device<filter_volume_device> m_snare_volume; // R69, R72, R71, R70.
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required_device<timer_device> m_click_timer; // 556 (U65A).
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required_device<speaker_sound_device> m_click;
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required_device<speaker_sound_device> m_beep;
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bool m_snare_counting = false; // /Q1 of U41 (74LS74).
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u16 m_snare_counter = 0; // 13-bit counter (2 x 74LS393, U61, U62).
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bool m_sidestick_selected = false; // Chooses between snare and sidestick.
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// Tom / conga.
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required_memory_region m_tom_samples; // 2 x 2732 ROMs (U68, U69).
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required_memory_region m_conga_samples; // 2 x 2732 ROMs (U66, U67).
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required_device<timer_device> m_tom_timer; // 74LS627 (U77B).
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required_device<dac76_device> m_tom_dac; // AM6070 (U82).
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bool m_tom_counting = false; // /Q1 of U73 (74LS74).
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u16 m_tom_counter = 0; // 14-bit counter (2 x 74LS393, U70, U71).
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bool m_tom_selected = false; // Selects between tom and conga.
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u8 m_tom_variation = 0; // Tom / conga pitch variation.
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bool m_voice_data_enabled = false; // Enables/disables U19 (74LS365).
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static constexpr const float VPLUS = 15; // Volts.
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static constexpr const float VCC = 5; // Volts.
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static constexpr const char *MUX_VOICE_NAMES[NUM_MUX_VOICES] =
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{
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"TAMBOURINE", "CABASA", "CLAP", "COWBELL", "BASS", "HAT", "RIDE", "CRASH"
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};
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};
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DEFINE_DEVICE_TYPE(LINNDRUM_AUDIO, linndrum_audio_device, "linndrum_audio_device", "LinnDrum audio circuits");
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linndrum_audio_device::linndrum_audio_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, u32 clock)
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: device_t(mconfig, LINNDRUM_AUDIO, tag, owner, clock)
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, m_mux_samples(*this, ":sample_mux_drum_%u", 0)
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, m_mux_dac(*this, "mux_drums_virtual_dac_%u", 1)
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, m_mux_volume(*this, "mux_drums_volume_control_%u", 1)
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, m_snare_samples(*this, ":sample_snare")
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, m_sidestick_samples(*this, ":sample_sidestick")
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, m_snare_dac(*this, "snare_sidestick_dac")
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, m_snare_volume(*this, "snare_sidestick_volume")
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, m_click_timer(*this, "click_timer")
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, m_click(*this, "click")
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, m_beep(*this, "beep")
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, m_tom_samples(*this, ":sample_tom")
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, m_conga_samples(*this, ":sample_conga")
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, m_tom_timer(*this, "tom_conga_timer")
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, m_tom_dac(*this, "tom_conga_dac")
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{
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}
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void linndrum_audio_device::voice_data_enable_w(int state)
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{
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// Controls whether data (D0-D3) is transmitted to the voice circuits. This
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// is done by U19 (74LS365 hex buffer. Enable inputs are active-low).
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// This is usually disabled to prevent interference from the "noisy" data
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// bus to the voice circuits.
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m_voice_data_enabled = !state;
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}
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template <int Voice> void linndrum_audio_device::strobe_mux_drum_w(u8 data)
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{
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static_assert(Voice >= 0 && Voice < NUM_MUX_VOICES);
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data = get_voice_data(data);
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m_mux_counting[Voice] = BIT(data, 0);
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if (!m_mux_counting[Voice])
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m_mux_counters[Voice] = 0;
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set_mux_drum_volume(Voice, BIT(data, 1));
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LOGMASKED(LOG_STROBES, "Strobed mux drum %s, %02x\n", MUX_VOICE_NAMES[Voice], data);
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}
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void linndrum_audio_device::strobe_snare_w(u8 data)
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{
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data = get_voice_data(data);
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m_snare_counting = BIT(data, 0);
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if (!m_snare_counting)
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m_snare_counter = 0;
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m_sidestick_selected = BIT(data, 1); // Play sidestick instead of snare.
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set_snare_volume(BIT(data, 3), BIT(data, 2));
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LOGMASKED(LOG_STROBES, "Strobed snare / sidestick: %02x\n", data);
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}
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void linndrum_audio_device::strobe_tom_w(u8 data)
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{
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data = get_voice_data(data);
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m_tom_counting = BIT(data, 0);
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if (!m_tom_counting)
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m_tom_counter = 0;
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m_tom_selected = BIT(data, 1); // Play tom instead of conga.
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m_tom_variation = (data >> 2) & 0x03; // D3, D2.
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LOGMASKED(LOG_STROBES, "Strobed tom / conga: %02x\n", data);
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}
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void linndrum_audio_device::strobe_click_w(u8 /*data*/)
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{
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static constexpr const float R10 = RES_K(100);
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static constexpr const float C12 = CAP_U(0.01);
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m_click_timer->adjust(PERIOD_OF_555_MONOSTABLE(R10, C12));
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m_click->level_w(1);
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LOGMASKED(LOG_STROBES, "Strobed click.\n");
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}
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void linndrum_audio_device::beep_w(int state)
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{
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// Beep signal is inverted by U76B (74LS00).
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m_beep->level_w(state ? 0 : 1);
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LOGMASKED(LOG_STROBES, "Beep: %d\n", state);
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}
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void linndrum_audio_device::device_add_mconfig(machine_config &config)
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{
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// Sample rate is controlled by 74LS627 timers. There isn't a formula that
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// computes frequency for these chips. The datasheet just provides graphs.
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// The values below were obtained by eyballing those graphs, and then
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// adjusting by ear to youtube videos, while sticking to round numbers.
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// TODO: Implement control by potentiomenters.
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static constexpr const int MUX_DRUM_SAMPLE_RATE = 30000;
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static constexpr const int SNARE_SAMPLE_RATE = 28000;
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static constexpr const int TOM_SAMPLE_RATE = 32000;
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// *** Mux drums section.
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TIMER(config, "mux_drum_timer").configure_periodic( // 74LS627 (U77A).
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FUNC(linndrum_audio_device::mux_timer_tick), attotime::from_hz(MUX_DRUM_SAMPLE_RATE));
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// The actual "mux drums" hardware has a single AM6070, which is
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// time-multiplexed across the 8 voices. Implementing it that way is
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// possible, but requires a sample rate of at least 240KHz (8 x ~30K) for
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// reasonable results. It also requires emulating audio sample & hold
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// functionality. So 8 "virtual" DACs and volume-control MUXes are used
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// instead.
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for (int voice = 0; voice < NUM_MUX_VOICES; ++voice)
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{
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DAC76(config, m_mux_dac[voice], 0); // AM6070 (U88).
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FILTER_VOLUME(config, m_mux_volume[voice]); // CD4053 (U90), R60, R62 (see set_mux_drum_volume()).
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m_mux_dac[voice]->add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, m_mux_volume[voice], 1.0);
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}
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// *** Snare / sidestick section.
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TIMER(config, "snare_timer").configure_periodic( // 74LS627 (U80A).
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FUNC(linndrum_audio_device::snare_timer_tick), attotime::from_hz(SNARE_SAMPLE_RATE));
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DAC76(config, m_snare_dac, 0); // AM6070 (U92)
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FILTER_VOLUME(config, m_snare_volume); // See set_snare_volume().
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m_snare_dac->add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, m_snare_volume, 1.0);
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// The DAC's current outputs are processed by a current-to-voltage converter
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// that embeds an RC filter. This consists of an op-amp (U103), R127 and C65
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// (for positive voltages), and R126 and C31 (for negative voltages). The
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// two resistors and capacitors have the same value.
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filter_rc_device &snare_dac_filter = FILTER_RC(config, "snare_sidestick_dac_filter");
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snare_dac_filter.set_lowpass(RES_K(2.49), CAP_P(2700)); // R127-C65, R126-C31.
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m_snare_volume->add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, snare_dac_filter, 1.0);
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TIMER(config, m_click_timer).configure_generic(FUNC(linndrum_audio_device::click_timer_tick)); // 556 (U65A).
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SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_click);
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SPEAKER_SOUND(config, m_beep);
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// *** Tom / conga section.
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TIMER(config, m_tom_timer).configure_periodic( // 74LS627 (U77B).
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FUNC(linndrum_audio_device::tom_timer_tick), attotime::from_hz(TOM_SAMPLE_RATE));
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DAC76(config, m_tom_dac, 0); // AM6070 (U82).
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// *** Output.
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// TODO: Implement mixing and panning.
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speaker_device &speaker = SPEAKER(config, "monospeaker").front_center();
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for (int i = 0; i < NUM_MUX_VOICES; ++i)
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m_mux_volume[i]->add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, speaker, 1.0);
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snare_dac_filter.add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, speaker, 1.0);
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m_click->add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, speaker, 1.0);
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m_beep->add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, speaker, 1.0);
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m_tom_dac->add_route(ALL_OUTPUTS, speaker, 1.0);
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}
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void linndrum_audio_device::device_start()
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{
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save_item(NAME(m_mux_counting));
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save_item(NAME(m_mux_counters));
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save_item(NAME(m_snare_counting));
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save_item(NAME(m_snare_counter));
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save_item(NAME(m_sidestick_selected));
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save_item(NAME(m_tom_counting));
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save_item(NAME(m_tom_counter));
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save_item(NAME(m_tom_selected));
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save_item(NAME(m_tom_variation));
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save_item(NAME(m_voice_data_enabled));
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}
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void linndrum_audio_device::write_dac(dac76_device& dac, u8 sample)
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{
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dac.update();
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dac.sb_w(BIT(sample, 7));
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dac.b1_w(BIT(sample, 6));
|
||||
dac.b2_w(BIT(sample, 5));
|
||||
dac.b3_w(BIT(sample, 4));
|
||||
dac.b4_w(BIT(sample, 3));
|
||||
dac.b5_w(BIT(sample, 2));
|
||||
dac.b6_w(BIT(sample, 1));
|
||||
dac.b7_w(BIT(sample, 0));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void linndrum_audio_device::set_mux_drum_volume(int voice, bool d1)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// Volume variations are controlled by a CD4053 MUX (U90B), whose "select"
|
||||
// input is connected to the active voice's D1 (via a 74LS151 encoder, U35).
|
||||
// Depending on how the mux is configured, the audio signal will either
|
||||
// remain unchanged, or it will get attenuated by a voltage divider.
|
||||
// The MUX is always configured in the "no attenuation" mode for the clap
|
||||
// and cowbell voices.
|
||||
|
||||
static constexpr const float ATTENUATION = RES_VOLTAGE_DIVIDER(RES_K(10), RES_K(3.3)); // R60, R62.
|
||||
|
||||
const bool attenuate = !d1 && voice != CLAP && voice != COWBELL;
|
||||
assert(voice >= 0 && voice < NUM_MUX_VOICES);
|
||||
m_mux_volume[voice]->set_gain(attenuate ? ATTENUATION : 1.0);
|
||||
|
||||
LOGMASKED(LOG_VOLUME, "Mux drum %s gain: %f\n", MUX_VOICE_NAMES[voice], m_mux_volume[voice]->gain());
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void linndrum_audio_device::set_snare_volume(bool d3, bool d2)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// Snare and sidestick volume is set by controlling the reference current to
|
||||
// the DAC. Bits D2 and D3 from the voice data bus (latched by U42, 74LS74)
|
||||
// control the voltage at the end of R72 and R71.
|
||||
|
||||
static constexpr const float R0 = RES_K(3.3); // R70.
|
||||
static constexpr const float R1 = RES_K(380); // R69.
|
||||
static constexpr const float R2 = RES_K(22); // R72.
|
||||
static constexpr const float R3 = RES_K(5.6); // R71.
|
||||
|
||||
static constexpr const float a = R0 * R2 * R3;
|
||||
static constexpr const float b = R0 * R1 * R3;
|
||||
static constexpr const float c = R0 * R1 * R2;
|
||||
static constexpr const float d = R1 * R2 * R3;
|
||||
|
||||
static constexpr const float MAX_IREF = (a * VPLUS + b * VCC + c * VCC) / (R0 * (a + b + c + d));
|
||||
|
||||
const float v2 = d2 ? VCC : 0;
|
||||
const float v3 = d3 ? VCC : 0;
|
||||
const float iref = (a * VPLUS + b * v2 + c * v3) / (R0 * (a + b + c + d));
|
||||
m_snare_volume->set_gain(iref / MAX_IREF);
|
||||
|
||||
LOGMASKED(LOG_VOLUME, "Snare volume - iref: %f, max_iref: %f, gain: %f\n",
|
||||
iref, MAX_IREF, iref / MAX_IREF);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
u8 linndrum_audio_device::get_voice_data(u8 data) const
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (m_voice_data_enabled)
|
||||
{
|
||||
return data & 0x0f; // Voice data bus is 4 bits wide.
|
||||
}
|
||||
else
|
||||
{
|
||||
LOG("Firmware bug: floating voice data bus when strobing a voice.\n");
|
||||
return 0x0f; // Floating TTL inputs. Will likely resolve to 1s.
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(linndrum_audio_device::mux_timer_tick)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// The timer on the actual hardware ticks 4 times per voice. A combination
|
||||
// of counters, latches, decoders, encoders and analog multiplexers achieves
|
||||
// the following:
|
||||
// Tick 0: Selects next voice and enables DAC.
|
||||
// - ROM address counter is incremented, if voice is enabled.
|
||||
// If the counter reaches its max, the voice will be disabled and
|
||||
// the counter will get cleared.
|
||||
// - ROM is enabled, and outputs are written to the DAC.
|
||||
// - Volume variation is configured (for voices that support it).
|
||||
// - If the voice is not enabled, the ROM address will be 0, which
|
||||
// according to the service manual always stores a 0.
|
||||
// Tick 1: No-op. Waits for DAC to settle.
|
||||
// Tick 2: Sample & Hold (S&H) for the selected voice is enabled.
|
||||
// Tick 3: S&H is disabled. DAC is disabled, driving its output to 0.
|
||||
|
||||
// The emulation here does all of the above, for all voices, in a single
|
||||
// timer tick. The timer period has been adjusted accordingly.
|
||||
|
||||
for (int voice = 0; voice < NUM_MUX_VOICES; ++voice)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (m_mux_counting[voice])
|
||||
{
|
||||
++m_mux_counters[voice];
|
||||
if (m_mux_counters[voice] >= m_mux_samples[voice]->bytes())
|
||||
{
|
||||
// All bits in the voice's D0 and D1 latch (74LS74) are cleared,
|
||||
// resulting in:
|
||||
m_mux_counting[voice] = false;
|
||||
m_mux_counters[voice] = 0;
|
||||
set_mux_drum_volume(voice, false);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
const u8 sample = m_mux_samples[voice]->as_u8(m_mux_counters[voice]);
|
||||
write_dac(*m_mux_dac[voice], sample);
|
||||
}
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(linndrum_audio_device::snare_timer_tick)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (!m_snare_counting)
|
||||
return;
|
||||
|
||||
++m_snare_counter;
|
||||
if (BIT(m_snare_counter, 12)) // Counter reached 0x1000 (4096).
|
||||
{
|
||||
// All outputs of U41 and U42 (74LS74 flip-flops) are cleared, resulting in:
|
||||
m_snare_counting = false;
|
||||
m_snare_counter = 0;
|
||||
m_sidestick_selected = false;
|
||||
set_snare_volume(false, false);
|
||||
write_dac(*m_snare_dac, 0); // DAC is disabled. Output goes to 0.
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
u8 sample = 0;
|
||||
if (m_sidestick_selected)
|
||||
sample = m_sidestick_samples->as_u8(m_snare_counter);
|
||||
else
|
||||
sample = m_snare_samples->as_u8(m_snare_counter);
|
||||
write_dac(*m_snare_dac, sample);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(linndrum_audio_device::click_timer_tick)
|
||||
{
|
||||
m_click->level_w(0);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(linndrum_audio_device::tom_timer_tick)
|
||||
{
|
||||
if (!m_tom_counting)
|
||||
return;
|
||||
|
||||
++m_tom_counter;
|
||||
if (BIT(m_tom_counter, 13)) // Counter reached 0x2000 (8192).
|
||||
{
|
||||
// All outputs of U42B and U73B (74LS74 flip-flops) are cleared, resulting in:
|
||||
m_tom_counting = false;
|
||||
m_tom_counter = 0;
|
||||
m_tom_selected = false;
|
||||
m_tom_variation = 0;
|
||||
write_dac(*m_tom_dac, 0); // DAC is disabled. Output goes to 0.
|
||||
return;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
u8 sample = 0;
|
||||
if (m_tom_selected)
|
||||
sample = m_tom_samples->as_u8(m_tom_counter);
|
||||
else
|
||||
sample = m_conga_samples->as_u8(m_tom_counter);
|
||||
write_dac(*m_tom_dac, sample);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
namespace {
|
||||
|
||||
constexpr const char MAINCPU_TAG[] = "z80";
|
||||
constexpr const char NVRAM_TAG[] = "nvram";
|
||||
|
||||
class linndrum_state : public driver_device
|
||||
{
|
||||
public:
|
||||
static constexpr feature_type unemulated_features() { return feature::TAPE; }
|
||||
|
||||
linndrum_state(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag) ATTR_COLD
|
||||
: driver_device(mconfig, type, tag)
|
||||
, m_maincpu(*this, MAINCPU_TAG)
|
||||
, m_audio(*this, "linndrum_audio")
|
||||
, m_tempo_timer(*this, "tempo_timer_556_u30a")
|
||||
, m_debounce_timer(*this, "debounce_timer_556_u30b")
|
||||
, m_keyboard(*this, "keyboard_col_%d", 0)
|
||||
@ -98,7 +575,7 @@ protected:
|
||||
private:
|
||||
u8 keyboard_r(offs_t offset);
|
||||
u8 inport_r();
|
||||
template<int DISPLAY> void display_w(u8 data);
|
||||
template<int Display> void display_w(u8 data);
|
||||
|
||||
u8 start_debounce_r();
|
||||
void start_debounce_w(u8 data);
|
||||
@ -107,9 +584,6 @@ private:
|
||||
void update_tempo_timer();
|
||||
TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(tempo_timer_tick);
|
||||
|
||||
void trigger_w(offs_t offset, u8 data);
|
||||
void trigger_beep_w(int state);
|
||||
void data_out_enable_w(int state);
|
||||
void tape_sync_enable_w(int state);
|
||||
void update_tape_sync_out();
|
||||
|
||||
@ -117,6 +591,7 @@ private:
|
||||
void io_map(address_map &map) ATTR_COLD;
|
||||
|
||||
required_device<z80_device> m_maincpu;
|
||||
required_device<linndrum_audio_device> m_audio;
|
||||
required_device<timer_device> m_tempo_timer; // 556, U30A.
|
||||
required_device<timer_device> m_debounce_timer; // 556, U30B.
|
||||
required_ioport_array<6> m_keyboard;
|
||||
@ -130,14 +605,6 @@ private:
|
||||
bool m_debouncing = false;
|
||||
bool m_tempo_state = false;
|
||||
bool m_tape_sync_enabled = false;
|
||||
bool m_data_out_enabled = false;
|
||||
|
||||
static constexpr const int NUM_VOICE_TRIGGERS = 11;
|
||||
static constexpr const char *VOICE_TRIGGER_NAMES[NUM_VOICE_TRIGGERS] =
|
||||
{
|
||||
"BASS", "SNARE", "HI-HAT", "TOM / CGA", "RIDE", "CRASH", "CABASA",
|
||||
"TAMB", "COWBELL", "CLAP", "CLICK"
|
||||
};
|
||||
|
||||
static constexpr const int DISPLAY_STEP = 0;
|
||||
static constexpr const int DISPLAY_PATTERN = 1;
|
||||
@ -189,7 +656,7 @@ u8 linndrum_state::inport_r()
|
||||
return (triggers << 3) | (d2 << 2) | (d1 << 1) | d0;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
template<int DISPLAY> void linndrum_state::display_w(u8 data)
|
||||
template<int Display> void linndrum_state::display_w(u8 data)
|
||||
{
|
||||
static constexpr const u8 PATTERNS[16] = // 4 x 74LS47 (U24-U27).
|
||||
{
|
||||
@ -200,8 +667,8 @@ template<int DISPLAY> void linndrum_state::display_w(u8 data)
|
||||
const u8 ms_digit = PATTERNS[(data >> 4) & 0x0f];
|
||||
const u8 ls_digit = PATTERNS[data & 0x0f];
|
||||
|
||||
static_assert(DISPLAY == DISPLAY_STEP || DISPLAY == DISPLAY_PATTERN);
|
||||
if (DISPLAY == DISPLAY_STEP)
|
||||
static_assert(Display == DISPLAY_STEP || Display == DISPLAY_PATTERN);
|
||||
if (Display == DISPLAY_STEP)
|
||||
{
|
||||
m_step_display[0] = ms_digit;
|
||||
m_step_display[1] = ls_digit;
|
||||
@ -246,7 +713,7 @@ void linndrum_state::update_tempo_timer()
|
||||
|
||||
// Using `100 - pot value` because the higher (the more clockwise) the pot
|
||||
// is turned, the lower the resistance and the fastest the tempo.
|
||||
const float tempo_r = (100 - m_tempo_pot->read()) * P1_MAX / 100.0f;
|
||||
const float tempo_r = (100 - m_tempo_pot->read()) * P1_MAX / 100.0F;
|
||||
const attotime period = PERIOD_OF_555_ASTABLE(R1, R2 + tempo_r, C2);
|
||||
m_tempo_timer->adjust(period, 0, period);
|
||||
LOGMASKED(LOG_TEMPO_CHANGE, "Tempo adjusted: %f\n", period.as_double());
|
||||
@ -262,30 +729,6 @@ TIMER_DEVICE_CALLBACK_MEMBER(linndrum_state::tempo_timer_tick)
|
||||
LOGMASKED(LOG_TEMPO, "Tempo timer elapsed: %d\n", m_tempo_state);
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void linndrum_state::trigger_w(offs_t offset, u8 data)
|
||||
{
|
||||
assert(offset >= 0 && offset < NUM_VOICE_TRIGGERS);
|
||||
LOGMASKED(LOG_TRIGGERS, "Trigger %s (%02x), data: %02x, data enabled: %d\n",
|
||||
VOICE_TRIGGER_NAMES[offset], offset, data, m_data_out_enabled);
|
||||
// TODO: Implement.
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void linndrum_state::trigger_beep_w(int state)
|
||||
{
|
||||
LOGMASKED(LOG_TRIGGERS, "Trigger BEEP: %d, data enabled: %d\n",
|
||||
state, m_data_out_enabled);
|
||||
// TODO: Implement.
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void linndrum_state::data_out_enable_w(int state)
|
||||
{
|
||||
// Controls whether data (D0-D3) is transmitted to the voice circuits. This
|
||||
// is done by U19 (74LS365 hex buffer. Enable inputs are active-low).
|
||||
// This is usually disabled to prevent interference from the "noisy" data
|
||||
// bus to the voice circuits.
|
||||
m_data_out_enabled = !state;
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void linndrum_state::tape_sync_enable_w(int state)
|
||||
{
|
||||
LOGMASKED(LOG_TAPE_SYNC_ENABLE, "Tape sync enable: %d\n", state);
|
||||
@ -320,7 +763,19 @@ void linndrum_state::memory_map(address_map &map)
|
||||
map(0x1f82, 0x1f82).mirror(0x0030).w("latch_u18", FUNC(output_latch_device::write)); // LEDs.
|
||||
map(0x1f83, 0x1f83).mirror(0x0030).w("latch_u17", FUNC(output_latch_device::write)); // LEDs.
|
||||
map(0x1f84, 0x1f84).mirror(0x0030).w("latch_u16", FUNC(output_latch_device::write)); // LEDs & outputs.
|
||||
map(0x1f85, 0x1f8f).mirror(0x0030).w(FUNC(linndrum_state::trigger_w)); // Data out.
|
||||
|
||||
// Voice strobes.
|
||||
map(0x1f85, 0x1f85).mirror(0x0030).w(m_audio, FUNC(linndrum_audio_device::strobe_mux_drum_w<BASS>));
|
||||
map(0x1f86, 0x1f86).mirror(0x0030).w(m_audio, FUNC(linndrum_audio_device::strobe_snare_w));
|
||||
map(0x1f87, 0x1f87).mirror(0x0030).w(m_audio, FUNC(linndrum_audio_device::strobe_mux_drum_w<HAT>));
|
||||
map(0x1f88, 0x1f88).mirror(0x0030).w(m_audio, FUNC(linndrum_audio_device::strobe_tom_w));
|
||||
map(0x1f89, 0x1f89).mirror(0x0030).w(m_audio, FUNC(linndrum_audio_device::strobe_mux_drum_w<RIDE>));
|
||||
map(0x1f8a, 0x1f8a).mirror(0x0030).w(m_audio, FUNC(linndrum_audio_device::strobe_mux_drum_w<CRASH>));
|
||||
map(0x1f8b, 0x1f8b).mirror(0x0030).w(m_audio, FUNC(linndrum_audio_device::strobe_mux_drum_w<CABASA>));
|
||||
map(0x1f8c, 0x1f8c).mirror(0x0030).w(m_audio, FUNC(linndrum_audio_device::strobe_mux_drum_w<TAMBOURINE>));
|
||||
map(0x1f8d, 0x1f8d).mirror(0x0030).w(m_audio, FUNC(linndrum_audio_device::strobe_mux_drum_w<COWBELL>));
|
||||
map(0x1f8e, 0x1f8e).mirror(0x0030).w(m_audio, FUNC(linndrum_audio_device::strobe_mux_drum_w<CLAP>));
|
||||
map(0x1f8f, 0x1f8f).mirror(0x0030).w(m_audio, FUNC(linndrum_audio_device::strobe_click_w));
|
||||
|
||||
map(0x1fc0, 0x1fff).r(FUNC(linndrum_state::keyboard_r)); // /READ KEYBD.
|
||||
map(0x2000, 0x3fff).ram().share(NVRAM_TAG); // 4 x HM6116LP4. U12-U9.
|
||||
@ -345,7 +800,6 @@ void linndrum_state::machine_start()
|
||||
save_item(NAME(m_debouncing));
|
||||
save_item(NAME(m_tempo_state));
|
||||
save_item(NAME(m_tape_sync_enabled));
|
||||
save_item(NAME(m_data_out_enabled));
|
||||
}
|
||||
|
||||
void linndrum_state::machine_reset()
|
||||
@ -367,6 +821,8 @@ void linndrum_state::linndrum(machine_config &config)
|
||||
TIMER(config, m_debounce_timer).configure_generic( // 556, U30B.
|
||||
FUNC(linndrum_state::debounce_timer_elapsed));
|
||||
|
||||
LINNDRUM_AUDIO(config, m_audio);
|
||||
|
||||
config.set_default_layout(layout_linn_linndrum);
|
||||
|
||||
// Latches connected to cathodes of LEDs (through resistors), so they are
|
||||
@ -397,8 +853,8 @@ void linndrum_state::linndrum(machine_config &config)
|
||||
u16.bit_handler<1>().set_output("led_ext_sync").invert();
|
||||
u16.bit_handler<2>().set_output("led_pattern").invert();
|
||||
u16.bit_handler<2>().append_output("led_song"); // Inverted by U31A.
|
||||
u16.bit_handler<3>().set(FUNC(linndrum_state::data_out_enable_w));
|
||||
u16.bit_handler<4>().set(FUNC(linndrum_state::trigger_beep_w));
|
||||
u16.bit_handler<3>().set(m_audio, FUNC(linndrum_audio_device::voice_data_enable_w));
|
||||
u16.bit_handler<4>().set(m_audio, FUNC(linndrum_audio_device::beep_w));
|
||||
u16.bit_handler<5>().set(FUNC(linndrum_state::tape_sync_enable_w));
|
||||
// Output voltage divided by R24/R25 to 0V - 2.5V.
|
||||
u16.bit_handler<6>().set_output("output_cassette");
|
||||
@ -433,8 +889,8 @@ INPUT_PORTS_START(linndrum)
|
||||
PORT_BIT(0x01, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_OTHER) PORT_NAME("<-") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_Y)
|
||||
PORT_BIT(0x02, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_OTHER) PORT_NAME("->") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_U)
|
||||
PORT_BIT(0x04, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_OTHER) PORT_NAME("ENTER") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_I)
|
||||
PORT_BIT(0x08, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_OTHER) PORT_NAME("STORE") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_P)
|
||||
PORT_BIT(0x10, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_OTHER) PORT_NAME("LOAD") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_COLON)
|
||||
PORT_BIT(0x08, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_OTHER) PORT_NAME("STORE")
|
||||
PORT_BIT(0x10, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_OTHER) PORT_NAME("LOAD")
|
||||
PORT_BIT(0x20, IP_ACTIVE_LOW, IPT_OTHER) PORT_NAME("EXT.SYNC") PORT_CODE(KEYCODE_L)
|
||||
|
||||
PORT_START("keyboard_col_3")
|
||||
@ -481,8 +937,7 @@ INPUT_PORTS_START(linndrum)
|
||||
PORT_BIT(0x10, IP_ACTIVE_HIGH, IPT_OTHER) PORT_NAME("TRIGGER 1")
|
||||
|
||||
PORT_START("pot_tempo")
|
||||
PORT_ADJUSTER(50, "TEMPO")
|
||||
PORT_CHANGED_MEMBER(DEVICE_SELF, FUNC(linndrum_state::tempo_pot_adjusted), 0)
|
||||
PORT_ADJUSTER(50, "TEMPO") PORT_CHANGED_MEMBER(DEVICE_SELF, FUNC(linndrum_state::tempo_pot_adjusted), 0)
|
||||
|
||||
PORT_START("pot_volume")
|
||||
PORT_ADJUSTER(100, "MASTER VOLUME")
|
||||
@ -573,8 +1028,69 @@ ROM_START(linndrum)
|
||||
ROM_REGION(0x2000, MAINCPU_TAG, 0)
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("ld_2.1_a.u14", 0x000000, 0x001000, CRC(566d720e) SHA1(91b7a515e3d18a28b7f5428765ed79114a5a00fb))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("ld_2.1_b.u13", 0x001000, 0x001000, CRC(9c9a5520) SHA1(6e4573051254051c75f9071fd8dfcd5a9184f9cc))
|
||||
|
||||
// All sample ROMs are 2732.
|
||||
// ROM file name format: sticker_label.silscreen_label.component_designation
|
||||
|
||||
ROM_REGION(0x1000, "sample_mux_drum_0", 0) // Tambourine.
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("tamb1.tamb.u25", 0x000000, 0x001000, CRC(0309eba3) SHA1(89a1910b5224a1db91c31100cfe81ebd36610027))
|
||||
|
||||
ROM_REGION(0x1000, "sample_mux_drum_1", 0) // Cabasa.
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("cbsa.u26", 0x000000, 0x001000, NO_DUMP)
|
||||
ROM_FILL(0x000000, 0x001000, 0x00) // Silence. Remove if checksum becomes available.
|
||||
|
||||
ROM_REGION(0x1000, "sample_mux_drum_2", 0) // Claps.
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("clps.u27", 0x000000, 0x001000, NO_DUMP)
|
||||
ROM_FILL(0x000000, 0x001000, 0x00) // Silence. Remove if checksum becomes available.
|
||||
|
||||
ROM_REGION(0x1000, "sample_mux_drum_3", 0) // Cowbell.
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("cwbl1.cwbl.u28", 0x000000, 0x001000, CRC(819d4a2c) SHA1(04d6fb88dd8751336617e50ce840fa63e6002942))
|
||||
|
||||
ROM_REGION(0x1000, "sample_mux_drum_4", 0) // Bass.
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("bass.u29", 0x000000, 0x001000, NO_DUMP)
|
||||
ROM_FILL(0x000000, 0x001000, 0x00) // Silence. Remove if checksum becomes available.
|
||||
|
||||
ROM_REGION(0x4000, "sample_mux_drum_5", 0) // Hi hat.
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("hat1a.hat1.u30", 0x000000, 0x001000, CRC(20b35416) SHA1(9aed28369b9b3f4a088c3f2ee9c88ed4b029a3ae))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("hat1b.hat2.u31", 0x001000, 0x001000, CRC(fb4b3bac) SHA1(99a6cada1e741a7294b9aa08df36489644253acb))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("hat1c.hat3.u32", 0x002000, 0x001000, CRC(62d1e667) SHA1(516df46a6e1050151f4b1696568a4ffbde0eba7c))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("hat1d.hat4.u33", 0x003000, 0x001000, CRC(01819ab1) SHA1(b0cfece5568375340eab16f8523ddb8599013310))
|
||||
|
||||
ROM_REGION(0x8000, "sample_mux_drum_6", 0) // Ride cymbal.
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("ride1a.rid1.u9", 0x000000, 0x001000, CRC(3d0a852f) SHA1(58ea6cda2ad1a8b6506ad89ba3f5c47584013ef0))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("ride1b.rid2.u10", 0x001000, 0x001000, CRC(5bb0e082) SHA1(6f4535d08ac013d804cc2d9fd9fedca2b8515c99))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("ride1c.rid3.u8", 0x002000, 0x001000, CRC(fa48f0e3) SHA1(a455b6d8d8dde9a7903919c87263b392f0510c8a))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("ride1d.rid4.u7", 0x003000, 0x001000, CRC(3a8b4133) SHA1(f0a2f7a0db1024e7e263000f74d127f53bf6df94))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("ride1e.rid5.u6", 0x004000, 0x001000, CRC(e30dc9a2) SHA1(933d2fa23a371831e779315f61e9a8f281ffab7c))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("ride1f.rid6.u5", 0x005000, 0x001000, CRC(ba63cc66) SHA1(ba4f2fd13d89c37eab30301b96338c6a9a69ad9d))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("ride1g.rid7.u4", 0x006000, 0x001000, CRC(d5e24b3e) SHA1(fba0fa24e8afd7686b480ace1838587fe2a6691c))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("ride1h.rid8.u3", 0x007000, 0x001000, CRC(4ac922bb) SHA1(f86b3fbd079ef59b5e260250b95ec75829a1c31d))
|
||||
|
||||
ROM_REGION(0x8000, "sample_mux_drum_7", 0) // Crash cymbal.
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("crsh1a.crs1.u14", 0x000000, 0x001000, CRC(85ce8dc5) SHA1(a1fb4064f7d02df21ef898dab1bd4df9754f2420))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("crsh1b.crs2.u13", 0x001000, 0x001000, CRC(3681d6f0) SHA1(1ad7e202eb9a82af03949bcf3ba281932bf83f5b))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("crsh1c.crs3.u12", 0x002000, 0x001000, CRC(ff1a4d87) SHA1(6e10d141f9a8dbbf951d72fbdeda4e8386fd5bc8))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("crsh1d.crs4.u15", 0x003000, 0x001000, CRC(7f623944) SHA1(03c1294df1e057442aacdb004d3ebd8e94628b15))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("crsh1e.crs5.u16", 0x004000, 0x001000, CRC(851c306a) SHA1(4f41a31e2e8273df7664a65c5e5a3528b312627a))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("crsh1f.crs6.u17", 0x005000, 0x001000, CRC(2fee35fe) SHA1(53b68ffe940beee4dcf568af0ed129a02a2948b9))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("crsh1g.crs7.u18", 0x006000, 0x001000, CRC(53f939bb) SHA1(980368e122793d1318e3643b87e06e053690f0de))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("crsh1h.crs8.u11", 0x007000, 0x001000, CRC(7b9f55c2) SHA1(dd0eb89ad89e56a28d8dccb78a979acb954968a1))
|
||||
|
||||
ROM_REGION(0x1000, "sample_sidestick", 0)
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("sstk1.sstk.u78", 0x000000, 0x001000, CRC(61af39e3) SHA1(5648674854a8db80656bf729c4f353b75d101d7b))
|
||||
|
||||
ROM_REGION(0x1000, "sample_snare", 0)
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("snar9.snar.u79", 0x000000, 0x001000, CRC(83478583) SHA1(bac791208270eff1f2f362511d6418873c47827c))
|
||||
|
||||
ROM_REGION(0x2000, "sample_conga", 0)
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("cnga1a.cga1.u66", 0x000000, 0x001000, CRC(1a579539) SHA1(169741786c44026f2b6ef4052cccb2a27ba41e19))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("cnga1b.cga2.u67", 0x001000, 0x001000, CRC(02434d69) SHA1(451398fbf9ac94a1773f4f40ef4ca32d3c857537))
|
||||
|
||||
ROM_REGION(0x2000, "sample_tom", 0)
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("tom6a.tom1.u68", 0x000000, 0x001000, CRC(75f83e43) SHA1(386aa53311e6f8cea56e8021b19855a5ba586f52))
|
||||
ROM_LOAD("tom6b.tom2.u69", 0x001000, 0x001000, CRC(c7633ca4) SHA1(60ab77bf21897b55cc8d2844ce1cc0c65958c939))
|
||||
ROM_END
|
||||
|
||||
} // anonymous namespace
|
||||
|
||||
SYST(1982, linndrum, 0, 0, linndrum, linndrum, linndrum_state, empty_init, "Linn Electronics", "LinnDrum", MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE | MACHINE_NOT_WORKING | MACHINE_NO_SOUND)
|
||||
SYST(1982, linndrum, 0, 0, linndrum, linndrum, linndrum_state, empty_init, "Linn Electronics", "LinnDrum", MACHINE_SUPPORTS_SAVE | MACHINE_IMPERFECT_SOUND)
|
||||
|
||||
Loading…
Reference in New Issue
Block a user