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https://github.com/holub/mame
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Added Atari 2600, 5200, and 7800 palette notes. [Robert Tuccitto]
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Scott Stone
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84fbd5e0a7
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@ -48,7 +48,82 @@ static void extend_palette(running_machine &machine) {
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PALETTE_INIT_MEMBER(tia_ntsc_video_device, tia_ntsc)
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{
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int i, j;
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/********************************
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/********************************************************************
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Atari 2600 NTSC Palette Notes:
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Palette on a modern flat panel display (LCD, LED, Plasma, etc.)
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appears different from a traditional CRT. The most outstanding
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difference is Hue 1x, the hue begin point. Hue 1x looks very
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'green' (~-60 to -45 degrees - depending on how poor or well it
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handles the signal conversion and its calibration) on a modern
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flat panel display, as opposed to 'gold' (~-33 degrees) on a CRT.
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The official technical documents: "Television Interface Adaptor
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[TIA] (Model 1A)", "Atari VCS POP Field Service Manual", and
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"Stella Programmer's Guide" stipulate Hue 1x to be gold.
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The system's pot adjustment manually manipulates the degree of
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phase shift, while the system 'warming-up' will automatically
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push whatever degrees has been manually set, higher. According
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to the Atari VCS POP Field Service Manual and system diagnostic
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and test (color) cart, instructions are provide to set the pot
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adjustment having Hue 1x and Hue 15x (F$) match or within one
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shade of each other, both a 'goldenrod'.
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At power on, the system's phase shift appears as low as ~23
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degrees and after a considerable consistent runtime, can be as
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high as ~28 degrees.
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In general, the low end of ~23 degrees lasts for several seconds,
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whereas higher values such as ~25-27 degrees are the most
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dominant during system run time. 180 degrees colorburst takes
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place at ~25.7 degrees (A near exact match of Hue 1x and 15x -
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To the naked eye they appear to be the same).
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However, if the system is adjusted within the first several
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minutes of running, the warm up, consistent system run time,
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causes Hue 15x (F$) to become stronger/darker gold (More brown
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then ultimately red-brown); as well as leans Hue 14x (E$) more
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brown than green. Once achieving a phase shift of 27.7 degrees,
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Hue 14x (E$) and Hue 15x (F$) near-exact match Hue 1x and 2x
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respectively.
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Therefore, an ideal phase shift while accounting for properly
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calibrating a system's color palette within the first several
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minutes of it running via the pot adjustment, the reality of
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shifting while warming up, as well as maintaining differences
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between Hues 1x, 2x and 14x, 15x, would likely fall between 25.7
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and 27.7 degrees. Phase shifts 26.2 and 26.7 places Hue 15x/F$
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between Hue 1x and Hue 2x, having 26.2 degrees leaning closer to
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Hue 1x and 26.7 degrees leaning closer to Hue 2x.
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The above notion would also harmonize with what has been
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documented within "Stella Programmer's Guide" for the colors of
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1x, 2x, 14x, 15x on the 2600 and 7800. 1x = Gold, 2x = Orange,
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14x (E$) = Orange-Green. 15x (F$) = Light Orange. Color
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descriptions are best measured in the middle of the brightness
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scale. It should be mentioned that Green-Yellow is referenced
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at Hue 13x (D$), nowhere near Hue 1x. A Green-Yellow Hue 1x is
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how the palette is manipulated and modified (in part) under a
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modern flat panel display.
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Additionally, the blue to red (And consequently blue to green)
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ratio proportions may appear different on a modern flat panel
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display than a CRT in some instances for the Atari 2600 system.
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Furthermore, you may have some variation of proportions even
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within the same display type.
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One side effect of this on the console's palette is that some
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values of red may appear too pinkish - Too much blue to red.
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This is not the same as a traditional tint-hue control adjustment;
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rather, can be demonstrated by changing the blue ratio values
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via MESS HLSL settings.
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Lastly, the Atari 5200 & 7800 NTSC color palettes hold the same
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hue structure order and have similar appearance differences that
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are dependent upon display type.
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********************************************************************/
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/*********************************
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Phase Shift 24.7
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{ 0.000, 0.000 },
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{ 0.192, -0.127 },
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@ -156,7 +231,7 @@ Phase Shift 27.7
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{ 0.099, -0.182 },
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{ 0.194, -0.126 },
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{ 0.244, -0.042 }
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**********************************/
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*********************************/
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static const double color[16][2] =
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/*********************************
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@ -68,7 +68,9 @@
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2013/10/27 Robert Tuccitto Modernized screen parameters for NTSC & PAL.
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2013/11/03 Fixed correctly typo under 26.7 7$.
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2013/11/03 Robert Tuccitto Fixed correctly typo under 26.7 7$.
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2014/11/23 Robert Tuccitto Added NTSC Palette Notes
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***************************************************************************/
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#include "emu.h"
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@ -98,15 +100,15 @@ static ADDRESS_MAP_START( a7800_mem, AS_PROGRAM, 8, a7800_state )
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AM_RANGE(0x0460, 0x046f) /* XBOARD POKEY2 */
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AM_RANGE(0x0470, 0x047f) /* XBOARD CTRL */
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AM_RANGE(0x0480, 0x04ff) AM_MIRROR(0x100) AM_RAM /* RIOT RAM */
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AM_RANGE(0x1000, 0x17ff) AM_RAM /* hs SRAM */
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AM_RANGE(0x1000, 0x17ff) AM_RAM /* hs SRAM */
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AM_RANGE(0x1800, 0x27ff) AM_RAM
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AM_RANGE(0x2800, 0x2fff) AM_RAMBANK("bank7") /* MAINRAM */
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AM_RANGE(0x3000, 0x37ff) AM_RAMBANK("bank7") /* MAINRAM */
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AM_RANGE(0x3800, 0x3fff) AM_RAMBANK("bank7") /* MAINRAM */
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AM_RANGE(0x3000, 0x3fff) AM_ROM /* hs ROM space */
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AM_RANGE(0x3000, 0x3fff) AM_ROM /* hs ROM space */
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AM_RANGE(0x4000, 0x7fff) AM_ROMBANK("bank1") /* f18 hornet */
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AM_RANGE(0x4000, 0xffff) AM_WRITE(a7800_cart_w) /* XBOARD SRAM */
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AM_RANGE(0x8000, 0x9fff) AM_ROMBANK("bank2") /* sc */
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AM_RANGE(0x8000, 0x9fff) AM_ROMBANK("bank2") /* sc */
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AM_RANGE(0xa000, 0xbfff) AM_ROMBANK("bank3") /* sc + ac */
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AM_RANGE(0xc000, 0xdfff) AM_ROMBANK("bank4") /* ac */
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AM_RANGE(0xe000, 0xffff) AM_ROM
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@ -154,7 +156,65 @@ static INPUT_PORTS_START( a7800 )
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PORT_DIPSETTING(0x00, "B" )
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INPUT_PORTS_END
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/***************************************************************************
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Atari 7800 NTSC Palette Notes:
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Palette on a modern flat panel display (LCD, LED, Plasma, etc.) appears
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different from a traditional CRT. The most outstanding difference is Hue 1x,
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the hue begin point. Hue 1x looks very 'green' (~-60 to -45 degrees -
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depending on how poor or well it handles the signal conversion and its
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calibration) on a modern flat panel display, as opposed to 'gold' (~-33
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degrees) on a CRT.
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The system's pot adjustment manually manipulates the ratio of blue to
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green/blue to red, while the system 'warming-up' causes the palette phase
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shift to go higher in degrees.
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At power on, the system's phase shift appears as low as ~23 degrees and
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after a considerable consistent runtime, can be as high as ~28 degrees.
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In general, the low end of ~23 degrees lasts for maybe several seconds,
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whereas higher values such as ~25-27 degrees is the most dominant during
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system run time. 180 degrees colorburst takes place at ~25.7 degrees (A
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near exact match of Hue 1x and 15x - To the naked eye they appear to be
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the same).
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However, if the system is adjusted within the first several minutes of
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running, the warm up, consistent system run time, causes Hue 15x (F$) to
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become stronger/darker gold (More brown then ultimately red-brown); as well
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as leans Hue 14x (E$) more brown than green. Once achieving a phase shift
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of 27.7, Hue 14x (E$) and Hue 15x (F$) near-exact match Hue 1x and 2x
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respectively.
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Therefore, an ideal phase shift while accounting for the reality of
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shifting while warming up, as well as maintaining differences between 1x,
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2x and 14x, 15x, would likely fall between a 25.7 and 27.7. Phase shifts
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26.2 degrees and 26.7 degrees places Hue 15x (F$) between Hue 1x and
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Hue 2x, having 26.2 degrees leaning closer to Hue 1x and 26.7 degrees
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leaning closer to Hue 2x.
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The above notion would also harmonize with what has been documented for
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the colors of 1x, 2x, 14x, 15x on the 7800. 1x = Gold, 2x = Orange,
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14x (E$) = Orange-Green. 15x (F$) = Light Orange. Color descriptions are
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best measured in the middle of the brightness scale. It should be
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mentioned that Green-Yellow is referenced at Hue 13x (D$), nowhere near
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Hue 1x. A Green-Yellow Hue 1x is how the palette is manipulated and
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modified (in part) under a modern flat panel display.
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Additionally, the blue to red (And consequently blue to green) ratio
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proportions may appear different on a modern flat panel display than a CRT
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in some instances for the Atari 7800 system. Furthermore, you may have
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some variation of proportions even within the same display type.
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One side effect of this on the console's palette is that some values of
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red may appear too pinkish - Too much blue to red. This is not the same
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as a traditional tint-hue control adjustment; rather, can be demonstrated
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by changing the blue ratio values via MESS HLSL settings.
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Lastly, the Atari 2600 & 5200 NTSC color palettes hold the same hue
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structure order and have similar appearance differences that are dependent
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upon display type.
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***************************************************************************/
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/***************************************************************************
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PALETTE - 26.2 PHASE SHIFT
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***************************************************************************/
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@ -33,11 +33,8 @@
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values 24.7 thru 27.7 degrees in 0.5 degree increments. Enabled
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Phase Shift 26.2 degrees as default.
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NOTE: Atari system's (2600, 5200, 8bit, 7800) palette appear different
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on modern flat panel displays than their original target display
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device, CRT. Most noticeable is Hue 1x which is Gold on a CRT,
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but appears Green-Yellow on flat panels. Other hues may be distorted
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as well on flat panel displays.
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2013-11-23 Robert Tuccitto:
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Added palette notes
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******************************************************************************/
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@ -756,8 +753,76 @@ static INPUT_PORTS_START( a5200 )
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PORT_BIT(0xff, 0x72, IPT_AD_STICK_Y) PORT_SENSITIVITY(JOYSTICK_SENSITIVITY) PORT_KEYDELTA(JOYSTICK_DELTA) PORT_MINMAX(0x00,0xe4) PORT_PLAYER(4)
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INPUT_PORTS_END
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/***************************************************************
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Atari 5200 Palette Notes:
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Palette on a modern flat panel display (LCD, LED, Plasma, etc.)
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appears different from a traditional CRT. The most outstanding
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difference is Hue 1x, the hue begin point. Hue 1x looks very
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'green' (~-60 to -45 degrees - depending on how poor or well it
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handles the signal conversion and its calibration) on a modern
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flat panel display, as opposed to 'gold' (~-33 degrees) on a
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CRT. The official technical document, "GTIA C014805 NTSC"
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stipulates Hue 1x as gold.
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The "Atari 5200 Field Service Manual" provides two different
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sets of instructions in harmony with utilizing the "PAM
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Diagnostic SALT Cartridge v1.1". In one account it states the
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color just below and above the reference bar to be within one
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shade of each other.
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Under the same reference document, directions are given for it
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to be the same color. Phase Shift 25.7 degrees matches Hue 1x,
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15x and the color below the reference bar.
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However, if the system is adjusted within the first several
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minutes of running, the warm up, consistent system run time,
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causes Hue 15x (F$) to become stronger/darker gold (More brown
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then ultimately red-brown); as well as leans Hue 14x (E$) more
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brown than green. Once achieving a phase shift of 27.7,
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Hue 14x (E$) and Hue 15x (F$) near-exact match Hue 1x and 2x
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respectively.
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Accounting for system 'warm-up', phase shifting, as well as the
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instructions for it to be within one shade of each other, would
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make Phase Shift 26.2 degrees or 26.7 degrees a realistic
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logical choice.
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It also collaborates with the official "GTIA C014805 NTSC"
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document for color order: Hue 1x = Gold, Hue 2x = Orange,
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Hue 15x (F$) = Light-Orange; Phase Shift 26.2 places
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Hue 15x (F$) between Hue 1x, Gold and Hue 2x, Orange;
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a Light Orange in color. Color descriptions are best measured
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in the middle of the brightness scale.
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It should be mentioned that Green-Yellow is referenced at
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Hue 13x (D$), nowhere near Hue 1x. A Green-Yellow Hue 1x is
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how the palette is manipulated and modified (in part) under
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a modern flat panel display.
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Note though, even a properly calibrated console, at power on,
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the phase shift appears as low as ~23 degrees and after a
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considerable consistent runtime, can be as high as ~28 degrees.
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In general, the low end of ~23 degrees lasts for maybe several
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seconds, whereas higher values such as ~25-27 degrees is the
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most dominant during system run time.
|
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|
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Additionally, the blue to red (And consequently blue to green)
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ratio proportions may appear different on a modern flat panel
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display than a CRT in some instances for the Atari 5200 system.
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Furthermore, you may have some variation of proportions even
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within the same display type.
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|
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One side effect of this on the console's palette is that some
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values of red may appear too pinkish - Too much blue to red.
|
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This is not the same as a traditional tint-hue control
|
||||
adjustment; rather, can be demonstrated by changing the blue
|
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ratio values via MESS HLSL settings.
|
||||
|
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Lastly, the Atari 2600 & 7800 NTSC color palettes hold the same
|
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hue structure order and have similar appearance differences
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dependent upon display type.
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***************************************************************/
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/**************************************************************
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*
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* Palette - Phase Shift 26.2
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