diff --git a/src/devices/machine/netlist.cpp b/src/devices/machine/netlist.cpp
index 886d67823e4..4e88bb1cfff 100644
--- a/src/devices/machine/netlist.cpp
+++ b/src/devices/machine/netlist.cpp
@@ -35,12 +35,15 @@
 #define LOG_GENERAL     (1U << 0)
 #define LOG_DEV_CALLS   (1U << 1)
 #define LOG_DEBUG       (1U << 2)
+#define LOG_TIMING      (1U << 3)
 
 //#define LOG_MASK (LOG_GENERAL | LOG_DEV_CALLS | LOG_DEBUG)
+//#define LOG_MASK        (LOG_TIMING)
 #define LOG_MASK        (0)
 
 #define LOGDEVCALLS(...) LOGMASKED(LOG_DEV_CALLS, __VA_ARGS__)
 #define LOGDEBUG(...) LOGMASKED(LOG_DEBUG, __VA_ARGS__)
+#define LOGTIMING(...) LOGMASKED(LOG_TIMING, __VA_ARGS__)
 
 #define LOG_OUTPUT_FUNC printf
 
@@ -904,10 +907,6 @@ netlist_mame_device::netlist_mame_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const ch
 
 netlist_mame_device::netlist_mame_device(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag, device_t *owner, uint32_t clock)
 	: device_t(mconfig, type, tag, owner, clock)
-	, m_icount(0)
-	, m_cur_time(attotime::zero)
-	, m_attotime_per_clock(attotime::zero)
-	, m_old(netlist::netlist_time_ext::zero())
 	, m_setup_func(nullptr)
 	, m_device_reset_called(false)
 {
@@ -1025,15 +1024,8 @@ void netlist_mame_device::device_validity_check(validity_checker &valid) const
 }
 
 
-void netlist_mame_device::device_start()
+void netlist_mame_device::device_start_common()
 {
-	LOGDEVCALLS("device_start entry\n");
-	m_attotime_per_clock = attotime(0, m_attoseconds_per_clock);
-
-	//netlist().save(*this, m_cur_time, pstring(this->name()), "m_cur_time");
-	save_item(NAME(m_cur_time));
-	save_item(NAME(m_attotime_per_clock));
-
 	m_netlist = std::make_unique<netlist_mame_t>(*this, "netlist");
 	if (!machine().options().verbose())
 	{
@@ -1044,29 +1036,19 @@ void netlist_mame_device::device_start()
 	common_dev_start(m_netlist.get());
 	m_netlist->setup().prepare_to_run();
 
-	// FIXME: use save_helper
-	m_netlist->save(*this, m_rem, pstring(this->name()), "m_rem");
-	m_netlist->save(*this, m_div, pstring(this->name()), "m_div");
-	m_netlist->save(*this, m_old, pstring(this->name()), "m_old");
-
-	save_state();
-
-	m_old = netlist::netlist_time_ext::zero();
-	m_rem = netlist::netlist_time_ext::zero();
-	m_cur_time = attotime::zero;
 
 	m_device_reset_called = false;
-
-	LOGDEVCALLS("device_start exit\n");
 }
 
-void netlist_mame_device::device_clock_changed()
+
+void netlist_mame_device::device_start()
 {
-	m_div = static_cast<netlist::netlist_time_ext>(
-		(netlist::netlist_time_ext::resolution() << MDIV_SHIFT) / clock());
-	//printf("m_div %d\n", (int) m_div.as_raw());
-	netlist().log().debug("Setting clock {1} and divisor {2}\n", clock(), m_div.as_double());
-	m_attotime_per_clock = attotime(0, m_attoseconds_per_clock);
+	LOGDEVCALLS("device_start entry\n");
+
+	device_start_common();
+	save_state();
+
+	LOGDEVCALLS("device_start exit\n");
 }
 
 
@@ -1108,7 +1090,7 @@ void netlist_mame_device::device_pre_save()
 	netlist().run_state_manager().pre_save();
 }
 
-void netlist_mame_device::update_icount(netlist::netlist_time_ext time) noexcept
+void netlist_mame_cpu_device::update_icount(netlist::netlist_time_ext time) noexcept
 {
 	const netlist::netlist_time_ext delta = (time - m_old).shl(MDIV_SHIFT) + m_rem;
 	const uint64_t d = delta / m_div;
@@ -1118,7 +1100,7 @@ void netlist_mame_device::update_icount(netlist::netlist_time_ext time) noexcept
 	m_icount -= d;
 }
 
-void netlist_mame_device::check_mame_abort_slice() noexcept
+void netlist_mame_cpu_device::check_mame_abort_slice() noexcept
 {
 	if (m_icount <= 0)
 		netlist().exec().abort_current_queue_slice();
@@ -1173,6 +1155,8 @@ netlist_mame_cpu_device::netlist_mame_cpu_device(const machine_config &mconfig,
 	, device_disasm_interface(mconfig, *this)
 	, device_memory_interface(mconfig, *this)
 	, m_program_config("program", ENDIANNESS_LITTLE, 8, 12) // Interface is needed to keep debugger happy
+	, m_icount(0)
+	, m_old(netlist::netlist_time_ext::zero())
 	, m_genPC(0)
 {
 }
@@ -1209,9 +1193,18 @@ private:
 
 void netlist_mame_cpu_device::device_start()
 {
-	netlist_mame_device::device_start();
+	LOGDEVCALLS("device_start entry\n");
 
-	// State support
+	device_start_common();
+	// FIXME: use save_helper
+	netlist().save(*this, m_rem, pstring(this->name()), "m_rem");
+	netlist().save(*this, m_div, pstring(this->name()), "m_div");
+	netlist().save(*this, m_old, pstring(this->name()), "m_old");
+
+	m_old = netlist::netlist_time_ext::zero();
+	m_rem = netlist::netlist_time_ext::zero();
+
+	save_state();
 
 	state_add(STATE_GENPC, "GENPC", m_genPC).noshow();
 	state_add(STATE_GENPCBASE, "CURPC", m_genPC).noshow();
@@ -1241,8 +1234,17 @@ void netlist_mame_cpu_device::device_start()
 
 	// set our instruction counter
 	set_icountptr(m_icount);
+
+	LOGDEVCALLS("device_start exit\n");
 }
 
+void netlist_mame_cpu_device::device_clock_changed()
+{
+	m_div = static_cast<netlist::netlist_time_ext>(
+		(netlist::netlist_time_ext::resolution() << MDIV_SHIFT) / clock());
+	//printf("m_div %d\n", (int) m_div.as_raw());
+	netlist().log().debug("Setting clock {1} and divisor {2}\n", clock(), m_div.as_double());
+}
 
 void netlist_mame_cpu_device::nl_register_devices(netlist::nlparse_t &parser) const
 {
@@ -1313,11 +1315,15 @@ offs_t netlist_disassembler::disassemble(std::ostream &stream, offs_t pc, const
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 
 netlist_mame_sound_device::netlist_mame_sound_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, uint32_t clock)
-	: netlist_mame_device(mconfig, NETLIST_SOUND, tag, owner, clock)
+	: netlist_mame_device(mconfig, NETLIST_SOUND, tag, owner, 0)
 	, device_sound_interface(mconfig, *this)
 	, m_in(nullptr)
 	, m_stream(nullptr)
+	, m_cur_time(attotime::zero)
+	, m_sound_clock(clock)
+	, m_attotime_per_clock(attotime::zero)
 	, m_is_device_call(false)
+	, m_last_update_to_current_time(attotime::zero)
 {
 }
 
@@ -1353,23 +1359,29 @@ void netlist_mame_sound_device::device_reset()
 
 void netlist_mame_sound_device::device_start()
 {
-	netlist_mame_device::device_start();
-
 	LOGDEVCALLS("sound device_start\n");
 
+	m_attotime_per_clock = attotime::from_hz(m_sound_clock);
+
+	save_item(NAME(m_cur_time));
+	save_item(NAME(m_attotime_per_clock));
+
+	device_start_common();
+	save_state();
+
+	m_cur_time = attotime::zero;
+
 	// Configure outputs
 
 	if (m_out.size() == 0)
 		fatalerror("No output devices");
 
-	//m_num_outputs = outdevs.size();
-
 	/* resort channels */
 	for (auto &outdev : m_out)
 	{
 		if (outdev.first < 0 || outdev.first >= m_out.size())
 			fatalerror("illegal channel number %d", outdev.first);
-		outdev.second->set_sample_time(netlist::netlist_time::from_hz(clock()));
+		outdev.second->set_sample_time(netlist::netlist_time::from_hz(m_sound_clock));
 		outdev.second->buffer_reset(netlist::netlist_time_ext::zero());
 	}
 
@@ -1385,13 +1397,15 @@ void netlist_mame_sound_device::device_start()
 	if (indevs.size() == 1)
 	{
 		m_in = indevs[0];
-		const auto sample_time = netlist::netlist_time::from_raw(static_cast<netlist::netlist_time::internal_type>(nltime_from_attotime(clocks_to_attotime(1)).as_raw()));
+		const auto sample_time = netlist::netlist_time::from_raw(static_cast<netlist::netlist_time::internal_type>(nltime_from_attotime(m_attotime_per_clock).as_raw()));
 		m_in->resolve_params(sample_time);
 	}
 
 	/* initialize the stream(s) */
 	m_is_device_call = false;
-	m_stream = machine().sound().stream_alloc(*this, m_in ? m_in->num_channels() : 0, m_out.size(), clock());
+	m_stream = machine().sound().stream_alloc(*this, m_in ? m_in->num_channels() : 0, m_out.size(), m_sound_clock);
+
+	LOGDEVCALLS("sound device_start exit\n");
 }
 
 
@@ -1408,18 +1422,6 @@ void netlist_mame_sound_device::register_stream_output(int channel, netlist_mame
 	m_out[channel] = so;
 }
 
-void netlist_mame_sound_device::device_clock_changed()
-{
-	netlist_mame_device::device_clock_changed();
-
-	for (auto &e : m_out)
-	{
-		e.second->set_sample_time(nltime_from_clocks(1));
-	}
-}
-
-static attotime last;
-
 void netlist_mame_sound_device::update_to_current_time()
 {
 	LOGDEBUG("before update\n");
@@ -1427,29 +1429,28 @@ void netlist_mame_sound_device::update_to_current_time()
 	get_stream()->update();
 	m_is_device_call = false;
 
-	if (machine().time() < last)
-		LOGDEBUG("machine.time() decreased 2\n");
+	if (machine().time() < m_last_update_to_current_time)
+		LOGTIMING("machine.time() decreased 2\n");
 
-	last = machine().time();
+	m_last_update_to_current_time = machine().time();
 
 	const auto mtime = nltime_from_attotime(machine().time());
 	const auto cur(netlist().exec().time());
 
 	if (mtime > cur)
 	{
-		if ((mtime - cur) >= nltime_from_clocks(1))
-			LOGDEBUG("%f us\n", (mtime - cur).as_double() * 1000000.0);
+		LOGTIMING("%f us\n", (mtime - cur).as_double() * 1000000.0);
 		netlist().exec().process_queue(mtime - cur);
 	}
 	else if (mtime < cur)
-		LOGDEBUG("%s : %f ns before machine time\n", this->name(), (cur - mtime).as_double() * 1000000000.0);
+		LOGTIMING("%s : %f us before machine time\n", this->name(), (cur - mtime).as_double() * 1000000.0);
 }
 
 void netlist_mame_sound_device::sound_stream_update(sound_stream &stream, stream_sample_t **inputs, stream_sample_t **outputs, int samples)
 {
-	if (machine().time() < last)
-		LOGDEBUG("machine.time() decreased 1\n");
-	last = machine().time();
+	if (machine().time() < m_last_update_to_current_time)
+		LOGTIMING("machine.time() decreased 1\n");
+	m_last_update_to_current_time = machine().time();
 	LOGDEBUG("samples %d %d\n", (int) m_is_device_call, samples);
 
 	if (m_in)
diff --git a/src/devices/machine/netlist.h b/src/devices/machine/netlist.h
index 22e3a185fe7..803e30514f0 100644
--- a/src/devices/machine/netlist.h
+++ b/src/devices/machine/netlist.h
@@ -75,25 +75,8 @@ public:
 	netlist::setup_t &setup();
 	netlist_mame_t &netlist() noexcept { return *m_netlist; }
 
-	void update_icount(netlist::netlist_time_ext time) noexcept;
-	void check_mame_abort_slice() noexcept;
-
 	static void register_memregion_source(netlist::nlparse_t &parser, device_t &dev, const char *name);
 
-	int m_icount;
-
-	static constexpr const unsigned MDIV_SHIFT = 16;
-
-	netlist::netlist_time_ext nltime_ext_from_clocks(unsigned c) const noexcept
-	{
-		return (m_div * c).shr(MDIV_SHIFT);
-	}
-
-	netlist::netlist_time nltime_from_clocks(unsigned c) const noexcept
-	{
-		return static_cast<netlist::netlist_time>((m_div * c).shr(MDIV_SHIFT));
-	}
-
 protected:
 
 	netlist_mame_device(const machine_config &mconfig, device_type type, const char *tag, device_t *owner, uint32_t clock);
@@ -109,21 +92,16 @@ protected:
 	virtual void device_reset() override;
 	virtual void device_post_load() override;
 	virtual void device_pre_save() override;
-	virtual void device_clock_changed() override;
+	//virtual void device_clock_changed() override;
+
+	void device_start_common();
+	void save_state();
 
 	std::unique_ptr<netlist::netlist_state_t> base_validity_check(validity_checker &valid) const;
 
-	attotime m_cur_time;
-	attotime m_attotime_per_clock;
 private:
-	void save_state();
-
 	void common_dev_start(netlist::netlist_state_t *lnetlist) const;
 
-	netlist::netlist_time_ext    m_div;
-	netlist::netlist_time_ext    m_rem;
-	netlist::netlist_time_ext    m_old;
-
 	std::unique_ptr<netlist_mame_t> m_netlist;
 
 	func_type m_setup_func;
@@ -156,6 +134,8 @@ class netlist_mame_cpu_device : public netlist_mame_device,
 								public device_memory_interface
 {
 public:
+	static constexpr const unsigned MDIV_SHIFT = 16;
+
 	// construction/destruction
 	netlist_mame_cpu_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, uint32_t clock);
 
@@ -179,12 +159,26 @@ public:
 		return *this;
 	}
 
+	void update_icount(netlist::netlist_time_ext time) noexcept;
+	void check_mame_abort_slice() noexcept;
+
+	netlist::netlist_time_ext nltime_ext_from_clocks(unsigned c) const noexcept
+	{
+		return (m_div * c).shr(MDIV_SHIFT);
+	}
+
+	netlist::netlist_time nltime_from_clocks(unsigned c) const noexcept
+	{
+		return static_cast<netlist::netlist_time>((m_div * c).shr(MDIV_SHIFT));
+	}
+
 protected:
 	// netlist_mame_device
 	virtual void nl_register_devices(netlist::nlparse_t &parser) const override;
 
 	// device_t overrides
 	virtual void device_start() override;
+	virtual void device_clock_changed() override;
 
 	// device_execute_interface overrides
 	virtual uint64_t execute_clocks_to_cycles(uint64_t clocks) const noexcept override;
@@ -204,6 +198,10 @@ protected:
 	address_space_config m_program_config;
 
 private:
+	int m_icount;
+	netlist::netlist_time_ext    m_div;
+	netlist::netlist_time_ext    m_rem;
+	netlist::netlist_time_ext    m_old;
 	offs_t m_genPC;
 };
 
@@ -249,13 +247,16 @@ protected:
 	// device_t overrides
 	virtual void device_start() override;
 	virtual void device_reset() override;
-	virtual void device_clock_changed() override;
 
 private:
 	std::map<int, netlist_mame_stream_output_device *> m_out;
 	nld_sound_in *m_in;
 	sound_stream *m_stream;
+	attotime m_cur_time;
+	uint32_t m_sound_clock;
+	attotime m_attotime_per_clock;
 	bool m_is_device_call;
+	attotime m_last_update_to_current_time;
 };
 
 // ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------