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New GROM implementation (TMC0430) with (almost) precise clock behavior

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This commit is contained in:
Michael Zapf 2016-03-30 23:49:08 +02:00
parent 228004075b
commit ee6684ac85
4 changed files with 481 additions and 0 deletions
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12
scripts/src/machine.lua
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@ -2084,6 +2084,18 @@ if (MACHINES["TIMEKPR"]~=null) then
}
end
---------------------------------------------------
--
--@src/devices/machine/tmc0430.h,MACHINES["TMC0430"] = true
---------------------------------------------------
if (MACHINES["TMC0430"]~=null) then
files {
MAME_DIR .. "src/devices/machine/tmc0430.cpp",
MAME_DIR .. "src/devices/machine/tmc0430.h",
}
end
---------------------------------------------------
--
--@src/devices/machine/tmp68301.h,MACHINES["TMP68301"] = true

1
scripts/target/mame/mess.lua
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@ -522,6 +522,7 @@ MACHINES["SMPC"] = true
MACHINES["STVCD"] = true
MACHINES["TC0091LVC"] = true
MACHINES["TIMEKPR"] = true
MACHINES["TMC0430"] = true
MACHINES["TMP68301"] = true
MACHINES["TMS5501"] = true
MACHINES["TMS6100"] = true

357
src/devices/machine/tmc0430.cpp Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,357 @@
// license:LGPL-2.1+
// copyright-holders:Michael Zapf
/***************************************************************************
Graphics Read Only Memory (GROM, aka TMC0430)
+----+--+----+
AD7 |1 G 16| Vss (-0.8V)
AD6 |2 R 15| GR
AD5 |3 O 14| Vdd (-5V)
AD4 |4 M 13| GRC
AD3 |5 12| M
AD2 |6 11| MO
AD1 |7 10| GS*
AD0 |8 9| Vcc (+5V)
+------------+
GR = GROM Ready. Should be connected to processor's READY/HOLD*.
GRC = GROM clock. Typically in the range of 400-500 kHz.
M = Direction. 1=read, 0=write
MO = Mode. 1=address counter access, 0=data access
GS* = GROM select. 0=select, 1=deselect
GROMs are slow ROM devices, which are interfaced via a 8-bit data bus,
and which include an internal address pointer which is incremented
after each read. This implies that accesses are faster when reading
consecutive bytes, although the address pointer can be read and written at any time.
GROMs are generally used to store programs written in GPL (Graphic Programming
Language): a proprietary, interpreted language from Texas Instruments which
is the machine language in some kind of virtual machine that is running
inside the TI-99/4, TI-99/4A, and TI-99/8 computers.
Communication with GROM is done by writing and reading data over the
AD0-AD7 lines. The M line determines whether the circuit will input or
output data over the bus. For GROMs, writing data is only done for setting
the internal address register. The MO line must be asserted for accessing
this address register; otherwise data from the memory banks can be read.
Clearing MO and M means writing data, and although so-called GRAMs were
mentioned by Texas Instruments in the specifications and manuals, they
were never seen. GROMs ignore this setting.
Setting the address is done by writing two bytes to the circuit with
M=0 and MO=1. In real systems, these lines are usually controlled by
address bus lines, which maps the circuit into the memory space at specific
addresses.
The GROM address counter is 13 bits long (8 KiB), and judging from its
behavior, the memory is organized as three banks of 2 KiB each:
00 -> Bank 0
01 -> Bank 1
10 -> Bank 2
11 -> Bank 1 OR Bank 2
The fourth 2 KiB block seems to be a logical OR of the contents of
bank 1 and 2. This means that one GROM delivers a maximum of 6 KiB of data.
Nevertheless, the address counter advances into the forbidden bank, and
wraps at its end to bank 0.
8 GROMs can be used to cover a whole 16-bit address space, but only
48 KiB of memory can be used. Each GROM has a burnt-in 3 bit identifier
which allows us to put 8 GROMs in parallel, each one answering only
when its area is currently selected.
The address that is loaded into the address register contains two parts:
[ I I I A A A A A A A A A A A A A ]
The I bits indicate which GROM to use. They are latched inside every GROM,
and when the address is read from the register, they are delivered as the
most significant three address bits.
All GROMs are wired in parallel, and only the circuits whose ID matches the
prefix actually delivers the data to the outside. Apart from that, all
GROMs perform the same internal operations. This means that each one of
them holds the same address value and delivers it on request.
Timing. GROMs have a CPU-bound operation phase and a non-CPU-bound operation
phase. After being selected, the READY line is immediately lowered, and
it raises as soon as the data is ready for access. After that, a prefetch
is done to get the next data byte from the memory banks, advancing the
address counter. This prefetch is also done when loading the address.
Hence, reading the address register will always deliver a value increased
by one.
[1] Michael L. Bunyard: Hardware Manual for the Texas Instruments 99/4A Home Computer, section 2.5
Michael Zapf, August 2010
January 2012: rewritten as class
***************************************************************************/
#include "emu.h"
#include "tmc0430.h"
#define TRACE_ADDRESS 0
#define TRACE_DETAIL 0
#define TRACE_CLOCK 0
#define TRACE_READY 0
#define TRACE_LINE 0
/*
Constructor.
*/
tmc0430_device::tmc0430_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, UINT32 clock)
: device_t(mconfig, TMC0430, "TMC0430 device (GROM)", tag, owner, clock, "grom", __FILE__),
m_gromready(*this),
m_current_clock_level(CLEAR_LINE),
m_current_ident(0),
m_phase(0),
m_address_mode(false),
m_read_mode(false),
m_selected(false),
m_address_lowbyte(false),
m_regionname(nullptr),
m_ident(0),
m_address(0),
m_buffer(0),
m_memptr(nullptr)
{
}
// ========================================================================
// Select lines. We have three lines for the direction, the mode, and
// the selection. You can call one function for each of them, but it is
// recommended to use the combined set_lines function, in particular when
// there are lots of GROMs (see, for example, TI-99/8)
// ========================================================================
/*
Direction. When ASSERTed, GROM is set to be read by CPU.
*/
WRITE_LINE_MEMBER( tmc0430_device::m_line )
{
m_read_mode = (state==ASSERT_LINE);
if (TRACE_LINE) logerror("GROM %d dir %s\n", m_ident>>13, m_read_mode? "READ" : "WRITE");
}
/*
Mode. When ASSERTed, the address counter will be accessed (read or write).
*/
WRITE_LINE_MEMBER( tmc0430_device::mo_line )
{
m_address_mode = (state==ASSERT_LINE);
if (TRACE_LINE) logerror("GROM %d mode %s\n", m_ident>>13, m_address_mode? "ADDR" : "DATA");
}
/*
Select. When ASSERTed, the read/write operation is started.
*/
WRITE_LINE_MEMBER( tmc0430_device::gsq_line )
{
if (state==ASSERT_LINE && !m_selected) // check for edge
{
if (TRACE_READY) logerror("GROM %d selected, pulling down READY\n", m_ident>>13);
m_gromready(CLEAR_LINE);
m_phase = 4; // set for three full GROM clock ticks (and a fraction at the start)
}
m_selected = (state==ASSERT_LINE);
}
/*
Combined select lines. Avoids separate calls to the chip.
Address:
0 -> MO=0, M=0
1 -> MO=0, M=1
2 -> MO=1, M=0
3 -> MO=1, M=1
Data: gsq line (ASSERT, CLEAR)
*/
WRITE8_MEMBER( tmc0430_device::set_lines )
{
m_read_mode = ((offset & GROM_M_LINE)!=0);
m_address_mode = ((offset & GROM_MO_LINE)!=0);
if (data!=CLEAR_LINE && !m_selected) // check for edge
{
if (TRACE_READY) logerror("GROM %d selected, pulling down READY\n", m_ident>>13);
m_gromready(CLEAR_LINE);
m_phase = 4; // set for three full GROM clock ticks (and a fraction at the start)
}
m_selected = (data!=CLEAR_LINE);
}
/*
Clock in.
Note about the GREADY line:
Inside the TI-99/4A console, the GREADY outputs of all GROMs are directly
connected in parallel and pulled up. This implies that the GROMs are
open-drain outputs pulling down. There are two options:
- Only the currently addressed GROM pulls down the line; all others keep
their output open.
- All GROMs act strictly in parallel. In the case that some circuits are
slightly out of sync, the GREADY line goes up when the last circuit releases
the line.
For the emulation we may assume that all GROMs at the same clock line
raise their outputs synchronously.
*/
WRITE_LINE_MEMBER( tmc0430_device::gclock_in )
{
int bank = 0;
UINT16 baddr = 0;
// Wait for rising edge
line_state oldlevel = m_current_clock_level;
m_current_clock_level = (line_state)state;
if ((m_current_clock_level==CLEAR_LINE) || (oldlevel==ASSERT_LINE))
return;
if (TRACE_CLOCK) logerror("GROMCLK in, phase=%d, m_add=%d\n", m_phase, m_address);
switch (m_phase)
{
case 0:
break;
case 1:
// Get the next value into the buffer
// 000b b000 0000 0000
baddr = m_address & 0x07ff;
bank = (m_address & 0x1800)>>11;
// This is a theory how the behavior of the GROM can be explained
// We don't have decapped GROMs (yet)
m_buffer = 0;
if (bank == 0) m_buffer |= m_memptr[baddr];
if (bank & 1) m_buffer |= m_memptr[baddr | 0x0800];
if (bank & 2) m_buffer |= m_memptr[baddr | 0x1000];
if (TRACE_ADDRESS) logerror("G>%04x\n", m_address);
if (TRACE_DETAIL) logerror("GROM %d preload %04x (bank %d) -> %02x\n", m_ident>>13, m_address, bank, m_buffer);
m_phase = 3;
break;
case 2: // Do nothing if other ident
m_phase = 3;
break;
case 3:
// Increase counter
m_address = ((m_address + 1)&0x1fff) | m_current_ident;
if (TRACE_DETAIL) logerror("GROM %d increase address to %04x\n", m_ident>>13, m_address);
// In read mode, READY must have already been raised; in write mode, the ready line is still low
m_phase = m_read_mode? 0 : 7;
break;
case 4: // Starting here when the chip is selected
m_phase = 5;
break;
case 5: // Reached only when reading (writing continues at 1 or 2)
m_phase = 6;
break;
case 6:
m_phase = 7;
break;
case 7:
if (TRACE_READY) logerror("GROM %d raising READY\n", m_ident>>13);
m_gromready(ASSERT_LINE);
// m_address_mode = false;
// m_read = false;
m_phase = 0;
break;
}
}
/*
Read operation. For MO=Address, delivers the address register (and destroys its contents).
For MO=Data, delivers the byte inside the buffer and prefetches the next one.
*/
READ8Z_MEMBER( tmc0430_device::readz )
{
if (!m_selected) return;
if (m_address_mode)
{
// Address reading is destructive
*value = (m_address & 0xff00)>>8;
UINT8 lsb = (m_address & 0x00ff);
m_address = (lsb << 8) | lsb; // see [1], section 2.5.3
if (TRACE_DETAIL) logerror("GROM %d return address %02x\n", m_ident>>13, *value);
}
else
{
// Deliver the value from the output buffer.
if (m_current_ident == m_ident)
{
*value = m_buffer;
m_phase = 1;
}
else
{
m_phase = 2;
}
}
m_address_lowbyte = false;
}
/*
Write operation. For MO=Address, shifts value in the address register
by 8 bits and copies the new value into the low byte. After every two
write operations, prefetches the byte from the new location. For MO=Data,
do nothing, because GRAMs were never seen in the wild.
This operation occurs in parallel to phase 4. The real GROM will pick up
the value from the data bus some phases later.
*/
WRITE8_MEMBER( tmc0430_device::write )
{
if (!m_selected) return;
if (m_address_mode)
{
m_address = ((m_address << 8) | data); // [1], section 2.5.7
m_current_ident = m_address & 0xe000;
if (TRACE_DETAIL) logerror("GROM %d new address %04x (%s)\n", m_ident>>13, m_address, m_address_lowbyte? "complete" : "incomplete");
// Toggle the lowbyte flag
m_address_lowbyte = !m_address_lowbyte;
if (!m_address_lowbyte)
{
// Do a prefetch if addressed, else increase your address
m_phase = (m_current_ident == m_ident)? 1 : 2;
}
}
// TODO: Check the duration of the access. In sum, both write accesses show correct timing,
// but in this implementation, the first one (!m_address_lowbyte) is slower (phase=4-5-6-7-0) while the
// second is faster (phase=1-3-7-0 or 1-3-0)
}
/***************************************************************************
DEVICE FUNCTIONS
***************************************************************************/
void tmc0430_device::device_start(void)
{
m_gromready.resolve_safe();
}
void tmc0430_device::device_reset(void)
{
// The memory region must be defined in the owning component
m_memptr = owner()->memregion(m_regionname)->base() + m_offset;
m_address = 0;
m_buffer = 0;
m_current_ident = 0;
m_address_lowbyte = false;
}
int tmc0430_device::debug_get_address()
{
return m_address;
}
const device_type TMC0430 = &device_creator<tmc0430_device>;

111
src/devices/machine/tmc0430.h Normal file
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@ -0,0 +1,111 @@
// license:LGPL-2.1+
// copyright-holders:Michael Zapf
/***************************************************************************
GROM emulation
See grom.c for documentation,
Michael Zapf
February 2012: Rewritten as class
***************************************************************************/
#ifndef __TMC0430__
#define __TMC0430__
extern const device_type TMC0430;
#ifndef READ8Z_MEMBER
#define DECLARE_READ8Z_MEMBER(name) void name(ATTR_UNUSED address_space &space, ATTR_UNUSED offs_t offset, ATTR_UNUSED UINT8 *value, ATTR_UNUSED UINT8 mem_mask = 0xff)
#define READ8Z_MEMBER(name) void name(ATTR_UNUSED address_space &space, ATTR_UNUSED offs_t offset, ATTR_UNUSED UINT8 *value, ATTR_UNUSED UINT8 mem_mask)
#endif
enum
{
GROM_M_LINE = 1,
GROM_MO_LINE = 2
};
class tmc0430_device : public device_t
{
public:
tmc0430_device(const machine_config &mconfig, const char *tag, device_t *owner, UINT32 clock);
template<class _Object> static devcb_base &set_ready_wr_callback(device_t &device, _Object object) { return downcast<tmc0430_device &>(device).m_gromready.set_callback(object); }
DECLARE_READ8Z_MEMBER(readz);
DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER(write);
DECLARE_WRITE_LINE_MEMBER(m_line);
DECLARE_WRITE_LINE_MEMBER(mo_line);
DECLARE_WRITE_LINE_MEMBER(gsq_line);
DECLARE_WRITE_LINE_MEMBER(gclock_in);
DECLARE_WRITE8_MEMBER( set_lines );
static void set_region_and_ident(device_t &device, const char *regionname, int offset, int ident)
{
downcast<tmc0430_device &>(device).m_regionname = regionname;
downcast<tmc0430_device &>(device).m_offset = offset;
downcast<tmc0430_device &>(device).m_ident = ident<<13;
}
int debug_get_address();
protected:
void device_start(void) override;
void device_reset(void) override;
private:
// Ready callback. This line is usually connected to the READY pin of the CPU.
devcb_write_line m_gromready;
// Clock line level
line_state m_current_clock_level;
// Currently active GROM ident
int m_current_ident;
// Phase of the state machine
int m_phase;
// Address or data mode?
bool m_address_mode;
// Reading or writing?
bool m_read_mode;
// Selected?
bool m_selected;
// Toggle for address loading
bool m_address_lowbyte;
// Region name
const char* m_regionname;
// Offset in the region. We cannot rely on the ident because the GROMs
// in the cartridges begin with ident 3, but start at the beginning of their region.
int m_offset;
// Identification of this GROM (0-7 <<13)
int m_ident;
// The address pointer is always expected to be in the range 0x0000 - 0xffff, even
// when this GROM is not addressed.
UINT16 m_address;
/* GROM data buffer. */
UINT8 m_buffer;
/* Pointer to the memory region contained in this GROM. */
UINT8 *m_memptr;
};
#define MCFG_GROM_ADD(_tag, _ident, _region, _offset, _ready) \
MCFG_DEVICE_ADD(_tag, TMC0430, 0) \
tmc0430_device::set_region_and_ident(*device, _region, _offset, _ident); \
tmc0430_device::set_ready_wr_callback(*device, DEVCB_##_ready);
#endif