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mame/src/mame/audio/galaxian.c

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/***************************************************************************
Galaxian-derived sound hardware
****************************************************************************
Notes:
-----
- There is currently no way to exactly reproduce the CD4066 switch control
mixing. This is changing impedance of the input resistor for e.g.
following filters to >> 10M Ohm. These resistors are static values in
the discrete core.
TODO:
----
- Check more schematics for differences.
***************************************************************************/
#include "driver.h"
#include "streams.h"
#include "includes/galaxian.h"
/*************************************
*
* Defines
*
*************************************/
#define XTAL 18432000
#define SOUND_CLOCK (XTAL/6/2) /* 1.536 MHz */
#define RNG_RATE (XTAL/3*2) /* RNG clock is XTAL/3*2 see Aaron's note in video/galaxian.c */
/* 74LS259 */
#define GAL_INP_BG_DAC NODE_10 /* at 9M Q4 to Q7 in schematics */
#define GAL_INP_FS1 NODE_20 /* FS1 9L Q0 */
#define GAL_INP_FS2 NODE_21 /* FS2 9L Q1 */
#define GAL_INP_FS3 NODE_22 /* FS3 9L Q2 */
#define GAL_INP_HIT NODE_23 /* HIT 9L Q3 */
//#define GAL_9L_Q4 NODE_24
#define GAL_INP_FIRE NODE_25 /* FIRE 9L Q5 */
#define GAL_INP_VOL1 NODE_26 /* VOL1 9L Q6 */
#define GAL_INP_VOL2 NODE_27 /* VOL2 9L Q7 */
#define GAL_INP_PITCH NODE_28 /* at 6T in schematics */
#define TTL_OUT (4.0)
#define GAL_R15 RES_K(100)
#define GAL_R16 RES_K(220)
#define GAL_R17 RES_K(470)
#define GAL_R18 RES_K(1000)
#define GAL_R19 RES_K(330)
#define GAL_R20 RES_K(15)
#define GAL_R21 RES_K(100)
#define GAL_R22 RES_K(100)
#define GAL_R23 RES_K(470)
#define GAL_R24 RES_K(10)
#define GAL_R25 RES_K(100)
#define GAL_R26 RES_K(330)
#define GAL_R27 RES_K(10)
#define GAL_R28 RES_K(100)
#define GAL_R29 RES_K(220)
#define GAL_R30 RES_K(10)
#define GAL_R31 RES_K(47)
#define GAL_R32 RES_K(47)
#define GAL_R33 RES_K(10)
/*
* R34 is given twice on galaxian board and both times as 5.1k. On moon cresta
* it is only listed once and given as 15k. This is more in line with recordings
*/
#define GAL_R34 RES_K(5.1)
#define MCRST_R34 RES_K(15)
#define GAL_R35 RES_K(150)
#define GAL_R36 RES_K(22)
#define GAL_R37 RES_K(470)
#define GAL_R38 RES_K(33)
#define GAL_R39 RES_K(22)
/* The hit sound is too low compared with recordings
* There may be an issue with the op-amp band filter
*/
#define GAL_R40 (RES_K(2.2)*0.6) /* Volume adjust */
#define GAL_R41 RES_K(100)
#define GAL_R43 RES_K(2.2)
#define GAL_R44 RES_K(10)
#define GAL_R45 RES_K(22)
#define GAL_R46 RES_K(10)
#define GAL_R47 RES_K(2.2)
#define GAL_R48 RES_K(2.2)
#define GAL_R49 RES_K(10)
#define GAL_R50 RES_K(22)
#define GAL_R51 RES_K(33)
#define GAL_R52 RES_K(15)
#define GAL_R91 RES_K(10)
#define GAL_C15 CAP_U(1)
#define GAL_C17 CAP_U(0.01)
#define GAL_C18 CAP_U(0.01)
#define GAL_C19 CAP_U(0.01)
#define GAL_C20 CAP_U(0.1)
#define GAL_C21 CAP_U(2.2)
#define GAL_C22 CAP_U(0.01)
#define GAL_C23 CAP_U(0.01)
#define GAL_C25 CAP_U(1)
#define GAL_C26 CAP_U(0.01)
#define GAL_C27 CAP_U(0.01)
#define GAL_C28 CAP_U(47)
#define GAL_C46 CAP_U(0.1)
/*************************************
*
* Structures for discrete core
*
*************************************/
static const discrete_dac_r1_ladder galaxian_bck_dac =
{
4, // size of ladder
{GAL_R18, GAL_R17, GAL_R16, GAL_R15, 0,0,0,0},
4.4, // 5V - diode junction (0.6V)
GAL_R20, // rBIAS
GAL_R19, // rGnd
0 // no C
};
static const discrete_555_cc_desc galaxian_bck_vco =
{
DISC_555_OUT_DC | DISC_555_OUT_CAP,
5, // B+ voltage of 555
DEFAULT_555_VALUES,
0.7 // Q2 junction voltage
};
static const discrete_555_desc galaxian_555_vco_desc =
{
DISC_555_OUT_ENERGY | DISC_555_OUT_DC,
5.0,
DEFAULT_555_CHARGE,
(5.0 - 0.5) // 10k means no real load
};
static const discrete_555_desc galaxian_555_fire_vco_desc =
{
DISC_555_OUT_DC,
5.0,
DEFAULT_555_CHARGE,
1.0 // Logic output
};
static const discrete_mixer_desc galaxian_bck_mixer_desc =
{
DISC_MIXER_IS_RESISTOR,
{GAL_R24, GAL_R27, GAL_R30},
{0,0,0},
{0,0,0,0}, /* no node capacitors */
0, 0,
GAL_C20,
0,
0, 1
};
static const discrete_lfsr_desc galaxian_lfsr =
{
DISC_CLK_IS_FREQ,
17, /* Bit Length */
0, /* Reset Value */
4, /* Use Bit 10 (QC of second LS164) as F0 input 0 */
16, /* Use Bit 23 (QH of third LS164) as F0 input 1 */
DISC_LFSR_XOR_INV_IN1, /* F0 is XOR */
DISC_LFSR_IN0, /* F1 is inverted F0*/
DISC_LFSR_REPLACE, /* F2 replaces the shifted register contents */
0x000001, /* Everything is shifted into the first bit only */
DISC_LFSR_FLAG_OUTPUT_F0, /* Output is result of F0 */
0 /* Output bit */
};
static const discrete_mixer_desc galaxian_mixerpre_desc =
{
DISC_MIXER_IS_RESISTOR,
{GAL_R51, 0, GAL_R50, 0, GAL_R34}, /* A, C, C, D */
{0, GAL_INP_VOL1, 0, GAL_INP_VOL2, 0},
{0,0,0,0,0},
0, 0,
0,
0,
0, 1
};
static const discrete_mixer_desc galaxian_mixer_desc =
{
DISC_MIXER_IS_RESISTOR,
{GAL_R34, GAL_R40, GAL_R43}, /* A, C, C, D */
{0, 0, 0},
{0,0,GAL_C26},
0, GAL_R91,
0,
GAL_C46,
0, 1
};
/* moon cresta has different mixing */
static const discrete_mixer_desc mooncrst_mixer_desc =
{
DISC_MIXER_IS_RESISTOR,
{GAL_R51, 0, GAL_R50, 0, MCRST_R34, GAL_R40, GAL_R43}, /* A, C, C, D */
{0, GAL_INP_VOL1, 0, GAL_INP_VOL2, 0, 0, 0},
{0,0,0,0,0,0,GAL_C26},
0, 0*GAL_R91,
0,
GAL_C46,
0, 1
};
static const discrete_op_amp_filt_info galaxian_bandpass_desc =
{
GAL_R35, GAL_R36, 0, 0,
GAL_R37,
GAL_C22, GAL_C23, 0,
5.0*GAL_R39/(GAL_R38+GAL_R39),
5, 0
};
/*************************************
*
* Discrete Sound Blocks
*
*************************************/
static DISCRETE_SOUND_START(galaxian)
/************************************************/
/* Input register mapping for galaxian */
/************************************************/
DISCRETE_INPUT_DATA(GAL_INP_BG_DAC)
/* FS1 to FS3 */
DISCRETE_INPUT_LOGIC(GAL_INP_FS1)
DISCRETE_INPUT_LOGIC(GAL_INP_FS2)
DISCRETE_INPUT_LOGIC(GAL_INP_FS3)
/* HIT */
DISCRETE_INPUTX_DATA(GAL_INP_HIT, TTL_OUT, 0, 0)
/* FIRE */
DISCRETE_INPUT_LOGIC(GAL_INP_FIRE)
/* Turns on / off resistors in mixer */
DISCRETE_INPUTX_DATA(GAL_INP_VOL1, GAL_R49, 0, 0)
DISCRETE_INPUTX_DATA(GAL_INP_VOL2, GAL_R52, 0, 0)
/* Pitch */
DISCRETE_INPUT_DATA(GAL_INP_PITCH)
DISCRETE_TASK_START(0)
/************************************************/
/* NOISE */
/************************************************/
/* since only a sample of the LFSR is latched @V2 we let the lfsr
* run at a lower speed
*/
DISCRETE_LFSR_NOISE(NODE_150, 1, 1, RNG_RATE/100, 1.0, 0, 0.5, &galaxian_lfsr)
DISCRETE_SQUAREWFIX(NODE_151,1,60*264/2,1.0,50,0.5,0) /* 2V signal */
DISCRETE_LOGIC_DFLIPFLOP(NODE_152,1,1,NODE_151,NODE_150)
DISCRETE_TASK_END()
/* Group Background and pitch */
DISCRETE_TASK_START(1)
/************************************************/
/* Background */
/************************************************/
DISCRETE_DAC_R1(NODE_100, GAL_INP_BG_DAC, TTL_OUT, &galaxian_bck_dac)
DISCRETE_555_CC(NODE_105, 1, NODE_100, GAL_R21, GAL_C15, 0, 0, 0, &galaxian_bck_vco)
// Next is mult/add opamp circuit
DISCRETE_MULTADD(NODE_110, NODE_105, GAL_R33/RES_3_PARALLEL(GAL_R31,GAL_R32,GAL_R33),
-5.0*GAL_R33/GAL_R31)
DISCRETE_CLAMP(NODE_111,NODE_110,0.0,5.0)
// The three 555
DISCRETE_555_ASTABLE_CV(NODE_115, GAL_INP_FS1, GAL_R22, GAL_R23, GAL_C17, NODE_111, &galaxian_555_vco_desc)
DISCRETE_555_ASTABLE_CV(NODE_116, GAL_INP_FS2, GAL_R25, GAL_R26, GAL_C18, NODE_111, &galaxian_555_vco_desc)
DISCRETE_555_ASTABLE_CV(NODE_117, GAL_INP_FS3, GAL_R28, GAL_R29, GAL_C19, NODE_111, &galaxian_555_vco_desc)
DISCRETE_MIXER3(NODE_120, 1, NODE_115, NODE_116, NODE_117, &galaxian_bck_mixer_desc)
/************************************************/
/* PITCH */
/************************************************/
/* two cascaded LS164 which are reset to pitch latch value,
* thus generating SOUND_CLOCK / (256 - pitch_clock) signal
*
* One possibility to implement this is
* DISCRETE_TRANSFORM3(NODE_130, SOUND_CLOCK, 256, GAL_INP_PITCH, "012-/")
* DISCRETE_COUNTER(NODE_132, 1, 0, NODE_130, 0, 15, DISC_COUNT_UP, 0, DISC_CLK_IS_FREQ)
* but there is a native choice:
*/
DISCRETE_NOTE(NODE_132, 1, SOUND_CLOCK, GAL_INP_PITCH, 255, 15, DISC_CLK_IS_FREQ)
/* from the 74393 (counter 2 above) only QA, QC, QD are used.
* We decode three here and use SUB_NODE(133,x) below to access.
*/
DISCRETE_BITS_DECODE(NODE_133, NODE_132, 0, 3, TTL_OUT) /* QA-QD 74393 */
/* End of this task */
DISCRETE_TASK_END()
DISCRETE_TASK_START(1)
/************************************************/
/* HIT */
/************************************************/
/* Not 100% correct - switching causes high impedance input for node_157
* this is not emulated */
DISCRETE_RCDISC5(NODE_155, NODE_152, GAL_INP_HIT, (GAL_R35 + GAL_R36), GAL_C21)
DISCRETE_OP_AMP_FILTER(NODE_157, 1, NODE_155, 0, DISC_OP_AMP_FILTER_IS_BAND_PASS_1M, &galaxian_bandpass_desc)
DISCRETE_TASK_END()
DISCRETE_TASK_START(1)
/************************************************/
/* FIRE */
/************************************************/
DISCRETE_LOGIC_INVERT(NODE_170, GAL_INP_FIRE)
DISCRETE_MULTIPLY(NODE_171, TTL_OUT, GAL_INP_FIRE)
DISCRETE_MULTIPLY(NODE_172, TTL_OUT, NODE_170) // inverted
DISCRETE_RCFILTER(NODE_173, NODE_172, GAL_R47, GAL_C28)
/* Mix noise and 163 */
DISCRETE_TRANSFORM5(NODE_177, NODE_152, TTL_OUT, 1.0/GAL_R46, NODE_173, 1.0/GAL_R48,
"01*2*34*+" )
//DISCRETE_MULTIPLY(NODE_174, 1, TTL_OUT, NODE_152)
//DISCRETE_MULTIPLY(NODE_175, 1, 1.0/GAL_R46, NODE_174)
//DISCRETE_MULTIPLY(NODE_176, 1, 1.0/GAL_R48, NODE_173)
//DISCRETE_ADDER2(NODE_177, 1, NODE_175, NODE_176)
DISCRETE_MULTIPLY(NODE_178, RES_2_PARALLEL(GAL_R46, GAL_R48), NODE_177)
DISCRETE_555_ASTABLE_CV(NODE_181, 1, GAL_R44, GAL_R45, GAL_C27, NODE_178, &galaxian_555_fire_vco_desc)
/* 555 toggles discharge on rc discharge module */
DISCRETE_RCDISC5(NODE_182, NODE_181, NODE_171, (GAL_R41), GAL_C25)
/* End of task */
DISCRETE_TASK_END()
/************************************************/
/* FINAL MIX */
/************************************************/
DISCRETE_TASK_START(2)
DISCRETE_MIXER5(NODE_279, 1, NODE_133_00, NODE_133_02, NODE_133_02, NODE_133_03, NODE_120, &galaxian_mixerpre_desc)
DISCRETE_MIXER3(NODE_280, 1, NODE_279, NODE_157, NODE_182, &galaxian_mixer_desc)
DISCRETE_OUTPUT(NODE_280, 32767.0/5.0*5)
DISCRETE_TASK_END()
DISCRETE_SOUND_END
static DISCRETE_SOUND_START(mooncrst)
DISCRETE_IMPORT(galaxian)
/************************************************/
/* Moon Cresta mixing stage */
/************************************************/
DISCRETE_DELETE(NODE_279, NODE_279)
DISCRETE_REPLACE
DISCRETE_MIXER7(NODE_280, 1, NODE_133_00, NODE_133_02, NODE_133_02,NODE_133_03, NODE_120, NODE_157, NODE_182, &mooncrst_mixer_desc)
DISCRETE_SOUND_END
/*************************************
*
* Static Variables
*
*************************************/
static UINT8 lfo_val;
static SOUND_START(galaxian)
{
lfo_val = 0;
}
/*************************************
*
* Write handlers
*
*************************************/
/* IC 9J */
WRITE8_DEVICE_HANDLER( galaxian_pitch_w )
{
discrete_sound_w(device, GAL_INP_PITCH, data );
}
WRITE8_DEVICE_HANDLER( galaxian_lfo_freq_w )
{
UINT8 lfo_val_new = (lfo_val & ~(1<<offset)) | ((data & 0x01) << offset);
if (lfo_val != lfo_val_new)
{
lfo_val = lfo_val_new;
discrete_sound_w(device, GAL_INP_BG_DAC, lfo_val);
}
}
WRITE8_DEVICE_HANDLER( galaxian_background_enable_w )
{
discrete_sound_w(device, NODE_RELATIVE(GAL_INP_FS1, offset), data & 0x01);
}
WRITE8_DEVICE_HANDLER( galaxian_noise_enable_w )
{
discrete_sound_w(device, GAL_INP_HIT, data & 0x01);
}
WRITE8_DEVICE_HANDLER( galaxian_vol_w )
{
discrete_sound_w(device, NODE_RELATIVE(GAL_INP_VOL1,offset), data & 0x01);
}
/* FIXME: rename to fire to be consistent */
WRITE8_DEVICE_HANDLER( galaxian_shoot_enable_w )
{
discrete_sound_w(device, GAL_INP_FIRE, data & 0x01);
}
/* FIXME: May be replaced by one call! */
WRITE8_DEVICE_HANDLER( galaxian_sound_w )
{
data &= 0x01;
switch (offset & 7)
{
case 0: /* FS1 (controls 555 timer at 8R) */
case 1: /* FS2 (controls 555 timer at 8S) */
case 2: /* FS3 (controls 555 timer at 8T) */
galaxian_background_enable_w(device, offset, data);
break;
case 3: /* HIT */
galaxian_noise_enable_w(device, 0, data);
break;
case 4: /* n/c */
break;
case 5: /* FIRE */
galaxian_shoot_enable_w(device, 0, data);
break;
case 6: /* VOL1 */
case 7: /* VOL2 */
galaxian_vol_w(device, offset & 1, data);
break;
}
}
/*************************************
*
* Driver definitions
*
*************************************/
MACHINE_DRIVER_START( galaxian_audio )
MDRV_SOUND_START(galaxian)
MDRV_SOUND_ADD(GAL_AUDIO, DISCRETE, 0)
MDRV_SOUND_CONFIG_DISCRETE(galaxian)
MDRV_SOUND_ROUTE(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 1.0)
MACHINE_DRIVER_END
MACHINE_DRIVER_START( mooncrst_audio )
MDRV_SOUND_START(galaxian)
MDRV_SOUND_ADD(GAL_AUDIO, DISCRETE, 0)
MDRV_SOUND_CONFIG_DISCRETE(mooncrst)
MDRV_SOUND_ROUTE(ALL_OUTPUTS, "mono", 1.0)
MACHINE_DRIVER_END
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